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Mayfield JM, Hitefield NL, Czajewski I, Vanhye L, Holden L, Morava E, van Aalten DMF, Wells L. O-GlcNAc transferase congenital disorder of glycosylation (OGT-CDG): Potential mechanistic targets revealed by evaluating the OGT interactome. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107599. [PMID: 39059494 PMCID: PMC11381892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is the sole enzyme responsible for the post-translational modification of O-GlcNAc on thousands of target nucleocytoplasmic proteins. To date, nine variants of OGT that segregate with OGT Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (OGT-CDG) have been reported and characterized. Numerous additional variants have been associated with OGT-CDG, some of which are currently undergoing investigation. This disorder primarily presents with global developmental delay and intellectual disability (ID), alongside other variable neurological features and subtle facial dysmorphisms in patients. Several hypotheses aim to explain the etiology of OGT-CDG, with a prominent hypothesis attributing the pathophysiology of OGT-CDG to mutations segregating with this disorder disrupting the OGT interactome. The OGT interactome consists of thousands of proteins, including substrates as well as interactors that require noncatalytic functions of OGT. A key aim in the field is to identify which interactors and substrates contribute to the primarily neural-specific phenotype of OGT-CDG. In this review, we will discuss the heterogenous phenotypic features of OGT-CDG seen clinically, the variable biochemical effects of mutations associated with OGT-CDG, and the use of animal models to understand this disorder. Furthermore, we will discuss how previously identified OGT interactors causal for ID provide mechanistic targets for investigation that could explain the dysregulated gene expression seen in OGT-CDG models. Identifying shared or unique altered pathways impacted in OGT-CDG patients will provide a better understanding of the disorder as well as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan M Mayfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Naomi L Hitefield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Lotte Vanhye
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laura Holden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Lance Wells
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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2
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Qiu Z, Cui J, Huang Q, Qi B, Xia Z. Roles of O-GlcNAcylation in Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:571. [PMID: 38790676 PMCID: PMC11117601 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications are important factors that mediate the fine regulation of signaling molecules. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine-modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a monosaccharide modification on N-acetylglucosamine linked to the hydroxyl terminus of serine and threonine of proteins. O-GlcNAcylation is responsive to cellular stress as a reversible and posttranslational modification of nuclear, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic proteins. Mitochondrial proteins are the main targets of O-GlcNAcylation and O-GlcNAcylation is a key regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis by directly regulating the mitochondrial proteome or protein activity and function. Disruption of O-GlcNAcylation is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction. More importantly, the O-GlcNAcylation of cardiac proteins has been proven to be protective or harmful to cardiac function. Mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial for cardiac contractile function and myocardial cell metabolism, and the imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, we will focus on the interactions between protein O-GlcNAcylation and mitochondrial homeostasis and provide insights on the role of mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Z.Q.); (J.C.); (Q.H.)
| | - Jiahui Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Z.Q.); (J.C.); (Q.H.)
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Z.Q.); (J.C.); (Q.H.)
| | - Biao Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei 672 Orthopaedics Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan Orthopaedics Hospital of Intergrated Traditional Medicine Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Z.Q.); (J.C.); (Q.H.)
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3
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Mota GAF, de Souza SLB, Vileigas DF, da Silva VL, Sant'Ana PG, Costa LCDS, Padovani CR, Zanatti Bazan SG, Buzalaf MAR, Santos LDD, Okoshi MP, Gatto M, Cicogna AC. Myocardial proteome changes in aortic stenosis rats subjected to long-term aerobic exercise. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31199. [PMID: 38291668 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The effects of exercise training (ET) on the heart of aortic stenosis (AS) rats are controversial and the mechanisms involved in alterations induced by ET have been poorly clarified. In this study, we analyzed the myocardial proteome to identify proteins modulated by moderate-intensity aerobic ET in rats with chronic supravalvular AS. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sedentary control (C-Sed), exercised control (C-Ex), sedentary aortic stenosis (AS-Sed), and exercised AS (AS-Ex). ET consisted of five treadmill running sessions per week for 16 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis and Goodman tests. Results were discussed at a significance level of 5%. At the end of the experiment, AS-Ex rats had higher functional capacity, lower blood lactate concentration, and better cardiac structural and left ventricular (LV) functional parameters than the AS-Sed. Myocardial proteome analysis showed that AS-Sed had higher relative protein abundance related to the glycolytic pathway, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and lower relative protein abundance related to beta-oxidation than C-Sed. AS-Ex had higher abundance of one protein related to mitochondrial biogenesis and lower relative protein abundance associated with oxidative stress and inflammation than AS-Sed. Proteomic data were validated for proteins related to lipid and glycolytic metabolism. Chronic pressure overload changes the abundance of myocardial proteins that are mainly involved in lipid and glycolytic energy metabolism in rats. Moderate-intensity aerobic training attenuates changes in proteins related to oxidative stress and inflammation and increases the COX4I1 protein, related to mitochondrial biogenesis. Protein changes are combined with improved functional capacity, cardiac remodeling, and LV function in AS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Augusto Ferreira Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luiz Borges de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor Loureiro da Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Grippa Sant'Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Licia Carla da Silva Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silméia Garcia Zanatti Bazan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marina Politi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gatto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Wu H, Hu Y, Jiang C, Chen C. Global scientific trends in research of epigenetic response to exercise: A bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25644. [PMID: 38370173 PMCID: PMC10869857 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to comprehensively understand the adaptive response of multiple epigenetic modifications on gene expression changes driven by exercise. Here, we retrieved literatures from publications in the PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection databases up to and including October 15, 2023. After screening with the exclusion criteria, 1910 publications were selected in total, comprising 1399 articles and 511 reviews. Specifically, a total of 512, 224, and 772 publications is involved in DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs, respectively. The correlations between publication number, authors, institutions, countries, references, and the characteristics of hotspots were explored by CiteSpace. Here, the USA (621 publications) ranked the world's most-influential countries, the University of California System (68 publications) was the most productive, and Tiago Fernandes (14 publications) had the most-published publications. A comprehensive keyword analysis revealed that cardiovascular disease, cancer, skeletal muscle development, and metabolic syndrome, and are the research hotspots. The detailed impact of exercise was further discussed in different aspects of these three categories of epigenetic modifications. Detailed analysis of epigenetic modifications in response to exercise, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and changes in noncoding RNAs, will offer valuable information to help researchers understand hotspots and emerging trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Cai Jiang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 350122 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 350122, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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5
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Liu X, Cai YD, Chiu JC. Regulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation by circadian, metabolic, and cellular signals. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105616. [PMID: 38159854 PMCID: PMC10810748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) is a dynamic post-translational modification that regulates thousands of proteins and almost all cellular processes. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has been associated with numerous diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes. O-GlcNAcylation is highly nutrient-sensitive since it is dependent on UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). We previously observed daily rhythmicity of protein O-GlcNAcylation in a Drosophila model that is sensitive to the timing of food consumption. We showed that the circadian clock is pivotal in regulating daily O-GlcNAcylation rhythms given its control of the feeding-fasting cycle and hence nutrient availability. Interestingly, we reported that the circadian clock also modulates daily O-GlcNAcylation rhythm by regulating molecular mechanisms beyond the regulation of food consumption time. A large body of work now indicates that O-GlcNAcylation is likely a generalized cellular status effector as it responds to various cellular signals and conditions, such as ER stress, apoptosis, and infection. In this review, we summarize the metabolic regulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation through nutrient availability, HBP enzymes, and O-GlcNAc processing enzymes. We discuss the emerging roles of circadian clocks in regulating daily O-GlcNAcylation rhythm. Finally, we provide an overview of other cellular signals or conditions that impact O-GlcNAcylation. Many of these cellular pathways are themselves regulated by the clock and/or metabolism. Our review highlights the importance of maintaining optimal O-GlcNAc rhythm by restricting eating activity to the active period under physiological conditions and provides insights into potential therapeutic targets of O-GlcNAc homeostasis under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Liu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Yao D Cai
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Joanna C Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
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6
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Zhang Y. The essential role of glutamine metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36299. [PMID: 38013301 PMCID: PMC10681453 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a pathophysiological condition caused by diabetes mellitus and is the leading cause of diabetes mellitus-related mortality. The pathophysiology of DCM involves various processes, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and abnormal protein modification. New evidence indicates that dysfunction of glutamine (Gln) metabolism contributes to the pathogenesis of DCM by regulating these pathophysiological mechanisms. Gln is a conditionally essential amino acid in the human body, playing a vital role in maintaining cell function. Although the precise molecular mechanisms of Gln in DCM have yet to be fully elucidated, recent studies have shown that supplementing with Gln improves cardiac function in diabetic hearts. However, excessive Gln may worsen myocardial injury in DCM by generating a large amount of glutamates or increasing O-GlcNacylation. To highlight the potential therapeutic method targeting Gln metabolism and its downstream pathophysiological mechanisms, this article aims to review the regulatory function of Gln in the pathophysiological mechanisms of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi City, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Restoring Epigenetic Reprogramming with Diet and Exercise to Improve Health-Related Metabolic Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020318. [PMID: 36830687 PMCID: PMC9953584 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming predicts the long-term functional health effects of health-related metabolic disease. This epigenetic reprogramming is activated by exogenous or endogenous insults, leading to altered healthy and different disease states. The epigenetic and environmental changes involve a roadmap of epigenetic networking, such as dietary components and exercise on epigenetic imprinting and restoring epigenome patterns laid down during embryonic development, which are paramount to establishing youthful cell type and health. Nutrition and exercise are among the most well-known environmental epigenetic factors influencing the proper developmental and functional lifestyle, with potential beneficial or detrimental effects on health status. The diet and exercise strategies applied from conception could represent an innovative epigenetic target for preventing and treating human diseases. Here, we describe the potential role of diet and exercise as therapeutic epigenetic strategies for health and diseases, highlighting putative future perspectives in this field.
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8
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Hao J, Liu Y. Epigenetics of methylation modifications in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1119765. [PMID: 37008904 PMCID: PMC10050754 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1119765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases with complications including diabetic cardiomyopathy and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Recently, a growing body of research has revealed that the complex interplay between epigenetic changes and the environmental factors may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications secondary to diabetes. Methylation modifications, including DNA methylation and histone methylation among others, are important in developing diabetic cardiomyopathy. Here we summarized the literatures of studies focusing on the role of DNA methylation, and histone modifications in microvascular complications of diabetes and discussed the mechanism underlying these disorders, to provide the guidance for future research toward an integrated pathophysiology and novel therapeutic strategies to treat or prevent this frequent pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hao
- Department of Emergency, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yao Liu,
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9
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Wenzel DM, Olivier-Van Stichelen S. The O-GlcNAc cycling in neurodevelopment and associated diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1693-1702. [PMID: 36383066 PMCID: PMC10462390 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proper neuronal development is essential to growth and adult brain function. Alterations at any step of this highly organized sequence of events, due to genetic mutations or environmental factors, triggers brain malformations, which are leading causes of diseases including epilepsy, intellectual disabilities, and many others. The role of glycosylation in neuronal development has been emphasized for many years, notably in studying human congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs). These diseases highlight that genetic defects in glycosylation pathways are almost always associated with severe neurological abnormalities, suggesting that glycosylation plays an essential role in early brain development. Congenital disorders of O-GlcNAcylation are no exception, and all mutations of the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are associated with X-linked intellectual disabilities (XLID). In addition, mouse models and in vitro mechanistic studies have reinforced the essential role of O-GlcNAcylation in neuronal development and signaling. In this review, we give an overview of the role of O-GlcNAcylation in this critical physiological process and emphasize the consequences of its dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Wenzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, U.S.A
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10
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Nishimura K, Fujita Y, Ida S, Yanagimachi T, Ohashi N, Nishi K, Nishida A, Iwasaki Y, Morino K, Ugi S, Nishi E, Andoh A, Maegawa H. Glycaemia and body weight are regulated by sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) expression via O-GlcNAcylation in the intestine. Mol Metab 2022; 59:101458. [PMID: 35189429 PMCID: PMC8902621 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusion Intestine-specific OGT depletion results in weight loss and hypoglycaemia. It reduces SGLT1 expression, resulting in glucose absorption from the gut. OGT knockdown may contribute to diminish glucose-induced incretin secretion. OGT may regulate SGLT1 expression via the cAMP/CREB-dependent pathway. O-GlcNAcylation regulates SGLT1 expression in the intestine and the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiro Nishimura
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Fujita
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Shogo Ida
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yanagimachi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Natsuko Ohashi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Iwasaki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie 510-029, Japan
| | - Katsutaro Morino
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; Institutional Research Office, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ugi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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11
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Cairns M, Joseph D, Essop MF. The dual role of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:984342. [PMID: 36353238 PMCID: PMC9637655 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.984342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is a highly metabolic organ with extensive energy demands and hence relies on numerous fuel substrates including fatty acids and glucose. However, oxidative stress is a natural by-product of metabolism that, in excess, can contribute towards DNA damage and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase activation. This activation inhibits key glycolytic enzymes, subsequently shunting glycolytic intermediates into non-oxidative glucose pathways such as the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). In this review we provide evidence supporting the dual role of the HBP, i.e. playing a unique role in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology where acute upregulation confers cardioprotection while chronic activation contributes to the onset and progression of cardio-metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. Thus although the HBP has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for such conditions, proposed interventions need to be applied in a context- and pathology-specific manner to avoid any potential drawbacks of relatively low cardiac HBP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Cairns
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Danzil Joseph
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M. Faadiel Essop
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- *Correspondence: M. Faadiel Essop,
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12
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Cao M, Wang L, Xu D, Bi X, Guo S, Xu Z, Chen L, Zheng D, Li P, Xu J, Zheng S, Wang H, Wang B, Lu J, Li K. The synergistic interaction landscape of chromatin regulators reveals their epigenetic regulation mechanisms across five cancer cell lines. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5028-5039. [PMID: 36187922 PMCID: PMC9483781 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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13
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Loaeza-Reyes KJ, Zenteno E, Moreno-Rodríguez A, Torres-Rosas R, Argueta-Figueroa L, Salinas-Marín R, Castillo-Real LM, Pina-Canseco S, Cervera YP. An Overview of Glycosylation and its Impact on Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:751637. [PMID: 34869586 PMCID: PMC8635159 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.751637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is a complex and well-organized system in which glycosylation plays a vital role. The heart and vascular wall cells are constituted by an array of specific receptors; most of them are N- glycosylated and mucin-type O-glycosylated. There are also intracellular signaling pathways regulated by different post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAcylation, which promote adequate responses to extracellular stimuli and signaling transduction. Herein, we provide an overview of N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation, including O-GlcNAcylation, and their role at different levels such as reception of signal, signal transduction, and exogenous molecules or agonists, which stimulate the heart and vascular wall cells with effects in different conditions, like the physiological status, ischemia/reperfusion, exercise, or during low-grade inflammation in diabetes and aging. Furthermore, mutations of glycosyltransferases and receptors are associated with development of cardiovascular diseases. The knowledge on glycosylation and its effects could be considered biochemical markers and might be useful as a therapeutic tool to control cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Julissa Loaeza-Reyes
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Torres-Rosas
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Liliana Argueta-Figueroa
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Conacyt - Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Roberta Salinas-Marín
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lizet Monserrat Castillo-Real
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Socorro Pina-Canseco
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Yobana Pérez Cervera
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
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14
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Wu G, Zhang X, Gao F. The epigenetic landscape of exercise in cardiac health and disease. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:648-659. [PMID: 33333247 PMCID: PMC8724625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
With the rising incidence of cardiovascular diseases, the concomitant mortality and morbidity impose huge burdens on quality of life and societal costs. It is generally accepted that physical inactivity is one of the major risk factors for cardiac disease and that exercise benefits the heart in both physiological and pathologic conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the cardioprotective effects exerted by exercise remain incompletely understood. Most recently, an increasing number of studies indicate the involvement of epigenetic modifications in the promotion of cardiac health and prevention of cardiac disease. Exercise and other lifestyle factors extensively induce epigenetic modifications, including DNA/RNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and non-coding RNAs in multiple tissues, which may contribute to their positive effects in human health and diseases. In addition, several studies have shown that maternal or paternal exercise prevents age-associated or high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction in the offspring, reinforcing the importance of epigenetics in mediating the beneficial effects of exercise. It has been shown that exercise can directly modify cardiac epigenetics to promote cardiac health and protect the heart against various pathological processes, or it can modify epigenetics in other tissues, which reduces the risk of cardiac disease and affords cardioprotection through exerkines. An in-depth understanding of the epigenetic landscape of cardioprotective response to exercise will provide new therapeutic targets for cardiac diseases. This review, therefore, aimed to acquaint the cardiac community with the rapidly advancing and evolving field of exercise and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Wu
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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15
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Liu H, Wang H, Ma J, Qiao Z, Zhang L, Ge G. MicroRNA-146a-3p/HDAC1/KLF5/IKBα signal axis modulates plaque formation of atherosclerosis mice. Life Sci 2021; 284:119615. [PMID: 34004248 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is a multifocal, smoldering immune inflammatory disease of medium and large arteries driven by lipids. The aim of this study is to discuss the mechanism of microRNA-146a-3p (miR-146a-3p)/histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1)/Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5)/inhibitors of kappa B α (IKBα) signal axis in plaque formation of AS mice. METHODS ApoE-/- mice were fed with high-fat feed for 12 weeks to establish AS mice model. The expression of miR-146a-3p, KLF5, HDAC1 and IKBα in aortic wall tissues of AS mice was tested. The targeting relationship between miR-146a-3p and HDAC1 was verified. AS mice were injected with miR-146a-3p antagomir or HDAC1 overexpression to verify the impacts of miR-146a-3p and HDAC1 on blood lipids and inflammatory factors in serum, aortic wall apoptotic cells, antioxidant stress capacity and the plaque area in AS mice. VECs proliferation and apoptosis were also measured in vitro. RESULTS miR-146a-3p and KLF5 were increased while HDAC1 and IKBα were reduced in aortic wall tissues of AS mice. miR-146a-3p directly targeted to HDAC1. Depletion of miR-146a-3p or restoration of HDAC1 was correlated to lower plasma lipid level, reduced inflammatory factors in serum, attenuated aortic wall apoptosis, increased antioxidant stress capacity and improved the stability of pathological plaque of AS mice. miR-146a-3p down-regulation or HDAC1 up-regulation promoted VECs proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. CONCLUSION Functional studies show that depleted miR-146a-3p advances HDAC1 and IKBα expression as well as inhibits KLF5 expression to facilitate the stability of pathological plaques in AS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangwei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengyong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghao Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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16
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Paul S, Ali A, Katare R. Molecular complexities underlying the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus - A comprehensive review. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107613. [PMID: 32505477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease, characterized by hyperglycemia, which refers to the elevated levels of glucose in the blood, due to the inability of the body to produce or use insulin effectively. Chronic hyperglycemia levels lead to macrovascular and microvascular complications. The macrovascular complications consist of peripheral artery disease (PAD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cerebrovascular diseases, while the microvascular complications comprise of diabetic microangiopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy. Vascular endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role in mediating both macrovascular and microvascular complications under hyperglycemic conditions. In diabetic microvasculature, the intracellular hyperglycemia causes damage to the vascular endothelium through - (i) activation of four biochemical pathways, namely the Polyol pathway, protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, advanced glycation end products (AGE) pathway and hexosamine pathway, all of which commutes glucose and its intermediates leading to overproduction of reactive oxygen species, (ii) dysregulation of growth factors and cytokines, (iii) epigenetic changes which concern the changes in DNA as a response to intracellular changes, and (iv) abnormalities in non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs. This review will focus on gaining an understanding of the molecular complexities underlying the vascular complications in diabetes mellitus, to increase our understanding towards the development of new mechanistic therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat diabetes-induced vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Paul
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Azam Ali
- Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (Dunedin), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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17
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Wang Z, Zhao YT, Zhao TC. Histone deacetylases in modulating cardiac disease and their clinical translational and therapeutic implications. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:213-225. [PMID: 32727215 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220944128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in the epigenetic regulation of genetic transcription in response to stress or pathological conditions. HDACs interact with a complex co-regulatory network of transcriptional regulators, deacetylate histones or non-histone proteins, and modulate gene expression in the heart. The selective HDAC inhibitors have been considered to be a critical target for the treatment of cardiac disease, especially for ameliorating cardiac dysfunction. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge of the cellular and molecular basis of HDACs in mediating cardiac development and hypertrophy and related pharmacologic interventions in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengke Wang
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | - Yu Tina Zhao
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Departments of Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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18
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Chatham JC, Zhang J, Wende AR. Role of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Protein Modification in Cellular (Patho)Physiology. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:427-493. [PMID: 32730113 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mid-1980s, the identification of serine and threonine residues on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins modified by a N-acetylglucosamine moiety (O-GlcNAc) via an O-linkage overturned the widely held assumption that glycosylation only occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory pathways. In contrast to traditional glycosylation, the O-GlcNAc modification does not lead to complex, branched glycan structures and is rapidly cycled on and off proteins by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. Since its discovery, O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to contribute to numerous cellular functions, including signaling, protein localization and stability, transcription, chromatin remodeling, mitochondrial function, and cell survival. Dysregulation in O-GlcNAc cycling has been implicated in the progression of a wide range of diseases, such as diabetes, diabetic complications, cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review will outline our current understanding of the processes involved in regulating O-GlcNAc turnover, the role of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating cellular physiology, and how dysregulation in O-GlcNAc cycling contributes to pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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19
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Collins HE, Chatham JC. Regulation of cardiac O-GlcNAcylation: More than just nutrient availability. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165712. [PMID: 32014551 PMCID: PMC7703857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The post-translational modification of serine and threonine residues of nuclear, cytosolic, and mitochondrial proteins by O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) has long been seen as an important regulatory mechanism in the cardiovascular system. O-GlcNAcylation of cardiac proteins has been shown to contribute to the regulation of transcription, metabolism, mitochondrial function, protein quality control and turnover, autophagy, and calcium handling. In the heart, acute increases in O-GlcNAc have been associated with cardioprotection, such as those observed during ischemia/reperfusion. Conversely, chronic increases in O-GlcNAc, often associated with diabetes and nutrient excess, have been shown to contribute to cardiac dysfunction. Traditionally, many studies have linked changes in O-GlcNAc with nutrient availability and as such O-GlcNAcylation is often seen as a nutrient driven process. However, emerging evidence suggests that O-GlcNAcylation may also be regulated by non-nutrient dependent mechanisms, such as transcriptional and post-translational regulation. Therefore, the goals of this review are to provide an overview of the impact of O-GlcNAcylation in the cardiovascular system, how this is regulated and to discuss the emergence of regulatory mechanisms other than nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Collins
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
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20
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Barnes JW, Tian L, Krick S, Helton ES, Denson RS, Comhair SAA, Dweik RA. O-GlcNAc Transferase Regulates Angiogenesis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6299. [PMID: 31847126 PMCID: PMC6941156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is considered a vasculopathy characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance due to vasoconstriction and/or lung remodeling such as plexiform lesions, the hallmark of the PAH, as well as cell proliferation and vascular and angiogenic dysfunction. The serine/threonine hydroxyl-linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) has been shown to drive pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation in IPAH. OGT is a cellular nutrient sensor that is essential in maintaining proper cell function through the regulation of cell signaling, proliferation, and metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the role of OGT and O-GlcNAc in vascular and angiogenic dysfunction in IPAH. Primary isolated human control and IPAH patient PASMCs and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) were grown in the presence or absence of OGT inhibitors and subjected to biochemical assessments in monolayer cultures and tube formation assays, in vitro vascular sprouting 3D spheroid co-culture models, and de novo vascularization models in NODSCID mice. We showed that knockdown of OGT resulted in reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in IPAH primary isolated vascular cells. In addition, specificity protein 1 (SP1), a known stimulator of VEGF expression, was shown to have higher O-GlcNAc levels in IPAH compared to control at physiological (5 mM) and high (25 mM) glucose concentrations, and knockdown resulted in decreased VEGF protein levels. Furthermore, human IPAH PAECs demonstrated a significantly higher degree of capillary tube-like structures and increased length compared to control PAECs. Addition of an OGT inhibitor, OSMI-1, significantly reduced the number of tube-like structures and tube length similar to control levels. Assessment of vascular sprouting from an in vitro 3D spheroid co-culture model using IPAH and control PAEC/PASMCs and an in vivo vascularization model using control and PAEC-embedded collagen implants demonstrated higher vascularization in IPAH compared to control. Blocking OGT activity in these experiments, however, altered the vascular sprouting and de novo vascularization in IPAH similar to control levels when compared to controls. Our findings in this report are the first to describe a role for the OGT/O-GlcNAc axis in modulating VEGF expression and vascularization in IPAH. These findings provide greater insight into the potential role that altered glucose uptake and metabolism may have on the angiogenic process and the development of plexiform lesions. Therefore, we believe that the OGT/O-GlcNAc axis may be a potential therapeutic target for treating the angiogenic dysregulation that is present in IPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod W. Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006, USA; (S.K.); (E.S.H.)
| | - Liping Tian
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (L.T.); (S.A.A.C.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006, USA; (S.K.); (E.S.H.)
| | - E. Scott Helton
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006, USA; (S.K.); (E.S.H.)
| | - Rebecca S. Denson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006, USA; (S.K.); (E.S.H.)
| | - Suzy A. A. Comhair
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (L.T.); (S.A.A.C.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Raed A. Dweik
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (L.T.); (S.A.A.C.); (R.A.D.)
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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21
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Bernardo BC, Ooi JYY, Weeks KL, Patterson NL, McMullen JR. Understanding Key Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Protection to Mitigate Disease: Current Knowledge and Emerging Concepts. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:419-475. [PMID: 29351515 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of exercise on the heart are well recognized, and clinical studies have demonstrated that exercise is an intervention that can improve cardiac function in heart failure patients. This has led to significant research into understanding the key mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced cardiac protection. Here, we summarize molecular mechanisms that regulate exercise-induced cardiac myocyte growth and proliferation. We discuss in detail the effects of exercise on other cardiac cells, organelles, and systems that have received less or little attention and require further investigation. This includes cardiac excitation and contraction, mitochondrial adaptations, cellular stress responses to promote survival (heat shock response, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosomal system, endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, DNA damage response), extracellular matrix, inflammatory response, and organ-to-organ crosstalk. We summarize therapeutic strategies targeting known regulators of exercise-induced protection and the challenges translating findings from bench to bedside. We conclude that technological advancements that allow for in-depth profiling of the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome, combined with animal and human studies, provide new opportunities for comprehensively defining the signaling and regulatory aspects of cell/organelle functions that underpin the protective properties of exercise. This is likely to lead to the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C Bernardo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Jenny Y Y Ooi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Natalie L Patterson
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
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22
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Forma E, Jóźwiak P, Ciesielski P, Zaczek A, Starska K, Bryś M, Krześlak A. Impact of OGT deregulation on EZH2 target genes FOXA1 and FOXC1 expression in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198351. [PMID: 29864144 PMCID: PMC5986130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zest homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methyltransferase which plays a crucial role in cancer progression by regulation of genes involved in cellular processes such as proliferation, invasion and self-renewal. Activity and biological function of EZH2 are regulated by posttranslational modifications. It is suggested that EZH2 stability may be regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which is an enzyme catalyzing the addition of GlcNAc moieties to target proteins. In this study, we determined the impact of OGT on expression of EZH2 target genes FOXA1 and FOXC1, that are involved in breast cancer progression. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed that both EZH2 and OGT are targeted to the promoter regions of FOXA1 and FOXC1 and knockdown of EZH2 or OGT affects expression of studied genes in breast non-malignant (MCF10A) and cancer cells (MCF7, T47D and MDA-MB-231). The results showed that OGT silencing affects EZH2 binding to FOXC1 promoter but the effect is cell-context dependent. Despite the slight decrease in EZH2 protein level in cells with OGT depletion, EZH2 binding to FOXC1 was increased. Moreover, OGT binding to promoter regions of FOXA1 and FOXC1 was increased in cells with knockdown of EZH2. Increased expression of FOXA1 and FOXC1 in cells with OGT deregulation was associated with increased acetylation level of histone H3. The results suggest that OGT is involved in regulation of FOXA1 and FOXC1 expression but its role is not associated with regulation of EZH2 protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Forma
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska, Łódź, Poland
| | - Paweł Jóźwiak
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska, Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Ciesielski
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska, Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zaczek
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska, Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starska
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcińskiego, Łódź, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bryś
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Krześlak
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska, Łódź, Poland
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23
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Nagy T, Kátai E, Fisi V, Takács TT, Stréda A, Wittmann I, Miseta A. Protein O-GlcNAc Modification Increases in White Blood Cells After a Single Bout of Physical Exercise. Front Immunol 2018; 9:970. [PMID: 29774032 PMCID: PMC5943509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Protein O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic posttranslational modification influencing the function of many intracellular proteins. Recently it was revealed that O-GlcNAc regulation is modified under various stress states, including ischemia and oxidative stress. Aside from a few contradictory studies based on animal models, the effect of exercise on O-GlcNAc is unexplored. Purpose To evaluate O-GlcNAc levels in white blood cells (WBC) of human volunteers following physical exercise. Methods Young (age 30 ± 5.2), healthy male volunteers (n = 6) were enlisted for the study. Blood parameters including metabolites, ions, “necro”-enzymes, and cell counts were measured before and after a single bout of exercise (2-mile run). From WBC samples, we performed western blots to detect O-GlcNAc modified proteins. The distribution of O-GlcNAc in WBC subpopulations was assessed by flow cytometry. Results Elevation of serum lactic acid (increased from 1.3 ± 0.4 to 6.9 ± 1.7 mM), creatinine (from 77.5 ± 6.3 U/L to 102.2 ± 7.0 μM), and lactate dehydrogenase (from 318.5 ± 26.2 to 380.5 ± 33.2 U/L) confirmed the effect of exercise. WBC count also significantly increased (from 6.6 ± 1.0 to 8.4 ± 1.4 G/L). The level of O-GlcNAc modified proteins in WBCs showed significant elevation after exercise (85 ± 51%, p < 0.05). Flow cytometry revealed that most of this change could be attributed to lymphocytes and monocytes. Conclusion Our results indicate that short-term exercise impacts the O-GlcNAc status of WBCs. O-GlcNAc modification could be a natural process by which physical activity modulates the immune system. Further research could elucidate the role of O-GlcNAc during exercise and validate O-GlcNAc as a biomarker for fitness assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Kátai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Fisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tibor Takács
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Antal Stréda
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Wittmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Ducheix S, Magré J, Cariou B, Prieur X. Chronic O-GlcNAcylation and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Bitterness of Glucose. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:642. [PMID: 30420836 PMCID: PMC6215811 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major risk factor for heart failure. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is characterized by diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy. Epidemiological data suggest that hyperglycaemia contributes to the development of DC. Several cellular pathways have been implicated in the deleterious effects of high glucose concentrations in the heart: oxidative stress, accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE), and chronic hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) activation. In the present review, we focus on the effect of chronic activation of the HBP on diabetic heart function. The HBP supplies N-acetylglucosamine moiety (O-GlcNAc) that is O-linked by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) to proteins on serine or threonine residues. This post-translational protein modification modulates the activity of the targeted proteins. In the heart, acute activation of the HBP in response to ischaemia-reperfusion injury appears to be protective. Conversely, chronic activation of the HBP in the diabetic heart affects Ca2+ handling, contractile properties, and mitochondrial function and promotes stress signaling, such as left ventricular hypertrophy and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Many studies have shown that O-GlcNAc impairs the function of key protein targets involved in these pathways, such as phospholamban, calmodulin kinase II, troponin I, and FOXO1. The data show that excessive O-GlcNAcylation is a major trigger of the glucotoxic events that affect heart function under chronic hyperglycaemia. Supporting this finding, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the HBP in the diabetic heart improves heart function. In addition, the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, a glucose lowering agent, has recently been shown to lower cardiac HBP in a lipodystophic T2D mice model and to concomitantly improve the diastolic dysfunction of these mice. Therefore, targeting cardiac-excessive O-GlcNAcylation or specific target proteins represents a potential therapeutic option to treat glucotoxicity in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ducheix
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jocelyne Magré
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Prieur
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Xavier Prieur
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Lambert M, Bastide B, Cieniewski-Bernard C. Involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in the Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Physiopathology: Focus on Muscle Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:578. [PMID: 30459708 PMCID: PMC6232757 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle represents around 40% of whole body mass. The principal function of skeletal muscle is the conversion of chemical energy toward mechanic energy to ensure the development of force, provide movement and locomotion, and maintain posture. This crucial energy dependence is maintained by the faculty of the skeletal muscle for being a central place as a "reservoir" of amino acids and carbohydrates in the whole body. A fundamental post-translational modification, named O-GlcNAcylation, depends, inter alia, on these nutrients; it consists to the transfer or the removal of a unique monosaccharide (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) to a serine or threonine hydroxyl group of nucleocytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins in a dynamic process by the O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to be strongly involved in crucial intracellular mechanisms through the modulation of signaling pathways, gene expression, or cytoskeletal functions in various organs and tissues, such as the brain, liver, kidney or pancreas, and linked to the etiology of associated diseases. In recent years, several studies were also focused on the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the physiology and the physiopathology of skeletal muscle. These studies were mostly interested in O-GlcNAcylation during muscle exercise or muscle-wasting conditions. Major findings pointed out a different "O-GlcNAc signature" depending on muscle type metabolism at resting, wasting and exercise conditions, as well as depending on acute or long-term exhausting exercise protocol. First insights showed some differential OGT/OGA expression and/or activity associated with some differential stress cellular responses through Reactive Oxygen Species and/or Heat-Shock Proteins. Robust data displayed that these O-GlcNAc changes could lead to (i) a differential modulation of the carbohydrates metabolism, since the majority of enzymes are known to be O-GlcNAcylated, and to (ii) a differential modulation of the protein synthesis/degradation balance since O-GlcNAcylation regulates some key signaling pathways such as Akt/GSK3β, Akt/mTOR, Myogenin/Atrogin-1, Myogenin/Mef2D, Mrf4 and PGC-1α in the skeletal muscle. Finally, such involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in some metabolic processes of the skeletal muscle might be linked to some associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes or neuromuscular diseases showing a critical increase of the global O-GlcNAcylation level.
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Mahmoud AM. Exercise Amaliorates Metabolic Disturbances and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Possible Underlying Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 999:207-230. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Khullar M, Cheema BS, Raut SK. Emerging Evidence of Epigenetic Modifications in Vascular Complication of Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:237. [PMID: 29085333 PMCID: PMC5649155 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes, dietary, and lifestyle factors have been shown to be important in the pathophysiology of diabetes and associated microvascular complications. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and post-transcriptional RNA regulation, are being increasingly recognized as important mediators of the complex interplay between genes and the environment. Recent studies suggest that diabetes-induced dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms resulting in altered gene expression in target cells can lead to diabetes-associated complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and so on, which are the major contributors to diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality. Thus, knowledge of dysregulated epigenetic pathways involved in diabetes can provide much needed new drug targets for these diseases. In this review, we constructed our search strategy to highlight the role of DNA methylation, modifications of histones and role of non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) in vascular complications of diabetes, including cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Khullar
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Satish K. Raut
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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O-GlcNAcylation and cardiovascular disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:545-553. [PMID: 28408494 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The post-translational modification of serine and threonine residues of proteins found in numerous subcellular locations by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is emerging as a key mediator of many cardiovascular pathophysiological processes. Early studies implicated increased protein O-GlcNAcylation as contributing to the cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes, whereas subsequent studies demonstrated that acute increases in O-GlcNAc levels were protective against ischemia/reperfusion injury. There is now a growing understanding that O-GlcNAc modification of proteins influences numerous cellular functions, including transcription, protein turnover, calcium handling, and bioenergetics. As a result, a more nuanced view of the role of protein O-GlcNAcylation in the cardiovascular system is emerging along with the recognition that it is required for normal cellular function and homeostasis. Consequently, the impact of changes in O-GlcNAc cycling due to stress or disease on the heart is complex and highly dependent on the specific context of these events. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of some of the more recent advances in our understanding of the role O-GlcNAcylation plays in mediating cardiovascular function and disease.
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Exercise Training and Epigenetic Regulation: Multilevel Modification and Regulation of Gene Expression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1000:281-322. [PMID: 29098627 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4304-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training elicits acute and adaptive long term changes in human physiology that mediate the improvement of performance and health state. The responses are integrative and orchestrated by several mechanisms, as gene expression. Gene expression is essential to construct the adaptation of the biological system to exercise training, since there are molecular processes mediating oxidative and non-oxidative metabolism, angiogenesis, cardiac and skeletal myofiber hypertrophy, and other processes that leads to a greater physiological status. Epigenetic is the field that studies about gene expression changes heritable by meiosis and mitosis, by changes in chromatin and DNA conformation, but not in DNA sequence, that studies the regulation on gene expression that is independent of genotype. The field approaches mechanisms of DNA and chromatin conformational changes that inhibit or increase gene expression and determine tissue specific pattern. The three major studied epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation, Histone modification, and regulation of noncoding RNA-associated genes. This review elucidates these mechanisms, focusing on the relationship between them and their relationship with exercise training, physical performance and the enhancement of health status. On this chapter, we clarified the relationship of epigenetic modulations and their intimal relationship with acute and chronic effect of exercise training, concentrating our effort on skeletal muscle, heart and vascular responses, that are the most responsive systems against to exercise training and play crucial role on physical performance and improvement of health state.
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Soci UPR, Fernandes T, Barauna VG, Hashimoto NY, de Fátima Alves Mota G, Rosa KT, Irigoyen MC, Philips MI, de Oliveira EM. Epigenetic control of exercise training-induced cardiac hypertrophy by miR-208. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:2005-2015. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is a physiological response involving accurate orchestration of gene and protein expression of contractile and metabolic components. The microRNAs: miR-208a, miR-208b and miR-499 are each encoded by a myosin gene and thus are also known as ‘MyomiRs’, regulating several mRNA targets that in turn regulate CH and metabolic pathways. To understand the role of myomiRs in the fine-tuning of cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression by exercise training-induced physiological hypertrophy, Wistar rats were subjected to two different swim training protocols. We observed that high-volume swim training (T2), improved cardiac diastolic function, induced CH and decreased the expression of miR-208a and miR-208b. Consequently, the increased expression of their targets, sex determining region y-related transcription factor 6 (Sox6), Med13, Purβ, specificity proteins (Sp)/Krüppel-like transcription factor 3 (SP3) and HP1β (heterochromatin protein 1β) was more prominent in T2, thus converging to modulate cardiac metabolic and contractile adaptation by exercise training, with an improvement in the α-MHC/β-MHC ratio, bypassing the increase in PPARβ and histone deacetylase (HDAC) class I and II regulation. Altogether, we conclude that high-volume swim training finely assures physiological cardiac remodelling by epigenetic regulation of myomiRs, because inhibition of miR-208a and miR-208b increases the expression of their target proteins and stimulates the interaction among metabolic, contractile and epigenetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Paula Renó Soci
- Department of Biodynamics of Human Movement, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fernandes
- Department of Biodynamics of Human Movement, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Valerio Garrone Barauna
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, CEP 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Nara Yumi Hashimoto
- Department of Biodynamics of Human Movement, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Gloria de Fátima Alves Mota
- Department of Biodynamics of Human Movement, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Kaleizu Teodoro Rosa
- Department of Biodynamics of Human Movement, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-030, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, CEP 29075-910, Brazil
- Heart Institute (InCor), Laboratory of Hypertension, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, CEP 05403-900, Brazil
- Keck Graduate Institute, Center for Rare Disease Therapies, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Claremont, CA 91711, U.S.A
| | - Maria Claudia Irigoyen
- Department of Biodynamics of Human Movement, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-030, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, CEP 29075-910, Brazil
- Heart Institute (InCor), Laboratory of Hypertension, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, CEP 05403-900, Brazil
- Keck Graduate Institute, Center for Rare Disease Therapies, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Claremont, CA 91711, U.S.A
| | - Michael Ian Philips
- Keck Graduate Institute, Center for Rare Disease Therapies, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Claremont, CA 91711, U.S.A
| | - Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira
- Department of Biodynamics of Human Movement, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-030, Brazil
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Hortemo KH, Lunde PK, Anonsen JH, Kvaløy H, Munkvik M, Rehn TA, Sjaastad I, Lunde IG, Aronsen JM, Sejersted OM. Exercise training increases protein O-GlcNAcylation in rat skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/18/e12896. [PMID: 27664189 PMCID: PMC5037911 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation has emerged as an important intracellular signaling system with both physiological and pathophysiological functions, but the role of protein O-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle remains elusive. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that protein O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic signaling system in skeletal muscle in exercise and disease. Immunoblotting showed different protein O-GlcNAcylation pattern in the prototypical slow twitch soleus muscle compared to fast twitch EDL from rats, with greater O-GlcNAcylation level in soleus associated with higher expression of the modulating enzymes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), and glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase isoforms 1 and 2 (GFAT1, GFAT2). Six weeks of exercise training by treadmill running, but not an acute exercise bout, increased protein O-GlcNAcylation in rat soleus and EDL There was a striking increase in O-GlcNAcylation of cytoplasmic proteins ~50 kDa in size that judged from mass spectrometry analysis could represent O-GlcNAcylation of one or more key metabolic enzymes. This suggests that cytoplasmic O-GlcNAc signaling is part of the training response. In contrast to exercise training, postinfarction heart failure (HF) in rats and humans did not affect skeletal muscle O-GlcNAcylation level, indicating that aberrant O-GlcNAcylation cannot explain the skeletal muscle dysfunction in HF Human skeletal muscle displayed extensive protein O-GlcNAcylation that by large mirrored the fiber-type-related O-GlcNAcylation pattern in rats, suggesting O-GlcNAcylation as an important signaling system also in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Halvorsen Hortemo
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Kristian Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Heidi Kvaløy
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Munkvik
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tommy Aune Rehn
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Gjervold Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole M Sejersted
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Mailleux F, Gélinas R, Beauloye C, Horman S, Bertrand L. O-GlcNAcylation, enemy or ally during cardiac hypertrophy development? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:2232-2243. [PMID: 27544701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
O-linked attachment of the monosaccharide β-N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification occurring on serine and threonine residues, which is evolving as an important mechanism for the regulation of various cellular processes. The present review will, first, provide a general background on the molecular regulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation and will summarize the role of this post-translational modification in various acute cardiac pathologies including ischemia-reperfusion. Then, we will focus on research studies examining protein O-GlcNAcylation in the context of cardiac hypertrophy. A particular emphasis will be laid on the convergent but also divergent actions of O-GlcNAcylation according to the type of hypertrophy investigated, including physiological, pressure overload-induced and diabetes-linked cardiac hypertrophy. In an attempt to distinguish whether O-GlcNAcylation is detrimental or beneficial, this review will present the different O-GlcNAcylated targets involved in hypertrophy development. We will finally argue on potential interest to target O-GlcNAc processes to treat cardiac hypertrophy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The role of post-translational protein modifications on heart and vascular metabolism edited by Jason R.B. Dyck & Jan F.C. Glatz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Mailleux
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roselle Gélinas
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Division of Cardiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium.
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Hardivillé S, Hart GW. Nutrient regulation of gene expression by O-GlcNAcylation of chromatin. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 33:88-94. [PMID: 27322399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification that is responsive to nutrient availably via the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and its endproduct UDP-GlcNAc. O-GlcNAcylation serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate the activities of many proteins involved in nearly all biological processes. Within the last decade, OGT, OGA and O-GlcNAcylation have been shown to be at the nexus of epigenetic marks controlling gene expression during embryonic development, cell differentiation, in the maintenance of epigenetic states and in the etiology of epigenetic related diseases. OGT O-GlcNAcylates histones and epigenetic writers/erasers, and regulates gene activation, as well as gene repression. Here, we highlight recent work documenting the important roles O-GlcNAcylation and its cycling enzymes play in the nutrient regulation of epigenetic partners controlling gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphan Hardivillé
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205-2185, USA.
| | - Gerald W Hart
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205-2185, USA.
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Daniels L, Bell JR, Delbridge LMD, McDonald FJ, Lamberts RR, Erickson JR. The role of CaMKII in diabetic heart dysfunction. Heart Fail Rev 2016. [PMID: 26198034 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-015-9498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an increasing epidemic that places a significant burden on health services worldwide. The incidence of heart failure (HF) is significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients. One underlying mechanism proposed for the link between DM and HF is activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKIIδ). CaMKIIδ mediates ion channel function and Ca(2+) handling during excitation-contraction and excitation-transcription coupling in the myocardium. CaMKIIδ activity is up-regulated in the myocardium of diabetic patients and mouse models of diabetes, where it promotes pathological signaling that includes hypertrophy, fibrosis and apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition and knockout models of CaMKIIδ have shown some promise of a potential therapeutic benefit of CaMKIIδ inhibition, with protection against cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis reported. This review will highlight the pathological role of CaMKIIδ in diabetes and discuss CaMKIIδ as a therapeutic target in DM, and also the effects of exercise on CaMKIIδ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Daniels
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Ramirez-Correa GA, Ma J, Slawson C, Zeidan Q, Lugo-Fagundo NS, Xu M, Shen X, Gao WD, Caceres V, Chakir K, DeVine L, Cole RN, Marchionni L, Paolocci N, Hart GW, Murphy AM. Removal of Abnormal Myofilament O-GlcNAcylation Restores Ca2+ Sensitivity in Diabetic Cardiac Muscle. Diabetes 2015; 64:3573-87. [PMID: 26109417 PMCID: PMC4587639 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Contractile dysfunction and increased deposition of O-linked β-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) in cardiac proteins are a hallmark of the diabetic heart. However, whether and how this posttranslational alteration contributes to lower cardiac function remains unclear. Using a refined β-elimination/Michael addition with tandem mass tags (TMT)-labeling proteomic technique, we show that CpOGA, a bacterial analog of O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that cleaves O-GlcNAc in vivo, removes site-specific O-GlcNAcylation from myofilaments, restoring Ca(2+) sensitivity in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic cardiac muscles. We report that in control rat hearts, O-GlcNAc and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are mainly localized at the Z-line, whereas OGA is at the A-band. Conversely, in diabetic hearts O-GlcNAc levels are increased and OGT and OGA delocalized. Consistent changes were found in human diabetic hearts. STZ diabetic hearts display increased physical interactions of OGA with α-actin, tropomyosin, and myosin light chain 1, along with reduced OGT and increased OGA activities. Our study is the first to reveal that specific removal of O-GlcNAcylation restores myofilament response to Ca(2+) in diabetic hearts and that altered O-GlcNAcylation is due to the subcellular redistribution of OGT and OGA rather than to changes in their overall activities. Thus, preventing sarcomeric OGT and OGA displacement represents a new possible strategy for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro A Ramirez-Correa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chad Slawson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Quira Zeidan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nahyr S Lugo-Fagundo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mingguo Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiaoxu Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wei Dong Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Viviane Caceres
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Khalid Chakir
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lauren DeVine
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Robert N Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gerald W Hart
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anne M Murphy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Wende AR. Post-translational modifications of the cardiac proteome in diabetes and heart failure. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:25-38. [PMID: 26140508 PMCID: PMC4698356 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Decades of research has focused on altered gene expression, altered cellular signaling, and altered metabolism. This work has led to better understanding of disease progression and treatments aimed at reversing or stopping this deadly process. However, one of the pieces needed to complete the puzzle and bridge the gap between altered gene expression and changes in signaling/metabolism is the proteome and its host of modifications. Defining the mechanisms of regulation includes examining protein levels, localization, and activity of the functional component of cellular machinery. Excess or misutilization of nutrients in obesity and diabetes may lead to PTMs contributing to cardiovascular disease progression. PTMs link regulation of metabolic changes in the healthy and diseased heart with regulation of gene expression itself (e.g. epigenetics), protein enzymatic activity (e.g. mitochondrial oxidative capacity), and function (e.g. contractile machinery). Although a number of PTMs are involved in each of these pathways, we will highlight the role of the serine and threonine O‐linked addition of β‐N‐acetyl‐glucosamine or O‐GlcNAcylation. This nexus of nutrient supply, utilization, and storage allows for the modification and translation of mitochondrial function to many other aspects of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wende
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Chen Y, Du J, Zhao YT, Zhang L, Lv G, Zhuang S, Qin G, Zhao TC. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition improves myocardial function and prevents cardiac remodeling in diabetic mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:99. [PMID: 26245924 PMCID: PMC4527099 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence indicates that inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) protects the heart against myocardial injury and stimulates endogenous angiomyogenesis. However, it remains unknown whether HDAC inhibition produces the protective effect in the diabetic heart. We sought to determine whether HDAC inhibition preserves cardiac performance and suppresses cardiac remodeling in diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Adult ICR mice received an intraperitoneal injection of either streptozotocin (STZ, 200 mg/kg) to establish the diabetic model or vehicle to serve as control. Once hyperglycemia was confirmed, diabetic mice received sodium butyrate (1%), a specific HDAC inhibitor, in drinking water on a daily basis to inhibit HDAC activity. Mice were randomly divided into following groups, which includes Control, Control + Sodium butyrate (NaBu), STZ and STZ + Sodium butyrate (NaBu), respectively. Myocardial function was serially assessed at 7, 14, 21 weeks following treatments. RESULTS Echocardiography demonstrated that cardiac function was depressed in diabetic mice, but HDAC inhibition resulted in a significant functional improvement in STZ-injected mice. Likewise, HDAC inhibition attenuates cardiac hypertrophy, as evidenced by a reduced heart/tibia ratio and areas of cardiomyocytes, which is associated with reduced interstitial fibrosis and decreases in active caspase-3 and apoptotic stainings, but also increased angiogenesis in diabetic myocardium. Notably, glucose transporters (GLUT) 1 and 4 were up-regulated following HDAC inhibition, which was accompanied with increases of GLUT1 acetylation and p38 phosphorylation. Furthermore, myocardial superoxide dismutase, an important antioxidant, was elevated following HDAC inhibition in the diabetic mice. CONCLUSION HDAC inhibition plays a critical role in improving cardiac function and suppressing myocardial remodeling in diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfang Chen
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University, 50 Maude Street, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Du
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University, 50 Maude Street, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
| | - Yu Tina Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University, 50 Maude Street, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Guorong Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University, 50 Maude Street, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
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OLIVIER-VAN STICHELEN S, HANOVER JA. You are what you eat: O-linked N-acetylglucosamine in disease, development and epigenetics. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2015; 18:339-45. [PMID: 26049631 PMCID: PMC4479189 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification is both responsive to nutrient availability and capable of altering intracellular cellular signalling. We summarize data defining a role for O-GlcNAcylation in metabolic homeostasis and epigenetic regulation of development in the intrauterine environment. RECENT FINDINGS O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) catalyzes nutrient-driven O-GlcNAc addition and is subject to random X-inactivation. OGT plays key roles in growth factor signalling, stem cell biology, epigenetics and possibly imprinting. The O-GlcNAcase, which removes O-GlcNAc, is subject to tight regulation by higher order chromatin structure. O-GlcNAc cycling plays an important role in the intrauterine environment wherein OGT expression is an important biomarker of placental stress. SUMMARY Regulation of O-GlcNAc cycling by X-inactivation, epigenetic regulation and nutrient-driven processes makes it an ideal candidate for a nutrient-dependent epigenetic regulator of human disease. In addition, O-GlcNAc cycling influences chromatin modifiers critical to the regulation and timing of normal development including the polycomb repression complex and the ten-eleven translocation proteins mediating DNA methyl cytosine demethylation. The pathway also impacts the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis critical to intrauterine programming influencing disease susceptibility in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A. HANOVER
- National Institute of diabetes and digestive and Kidney diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Corresponding Author: John A. Hanover, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda MD, 201892-0851;
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Hafstad AD, Boardman N, Aasum E. How exercise may amend metabolic disturbances in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1587-605. [PMID: 25738326 PMCID: PMC4449627 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Over-nutrition and sedentary lifestyle has led to a worldwide increase in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) associated with an increased risk of development of cardiovascular disorders. Diabetic cardiomyopathy, independent of hypertension or coronary disease, is induced by a range of systemic changes and may through multiple processes result in functional and structural cardiac derangements. The pathogenesis of this cardiomyopathy is complex and multifactorial, and it will eventually lead to reduced cardiac working capacity and increased susceptibility to ischemic injury. RECENT ADVANCES Metabolic disturbances such as altered lipid handling and substrate utilization, decreased mechanical efficiency, mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbances in nonoxidative glucose pathways, and increased oxidative stress are hallmarks of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Interestingly, several of these disturbances are found to precede the development of cardiac dysfunction. CRITICAL ISSUES Exercise training is effective in the prevention and treatment of obesity and T2D. In addition to its beneficial influence on diabetes/obesity-related systemic changes, it may also amend many of the metabolic disturbances characterizing the diabetic myocardium. These changes are due to both indirect effects, exercise-mediated systemic changes, and direct effects originating from the high contractile activity of the heart during physical training. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Revealing the molecular mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of exercise training is of considerable scientific value to generate evidence-based therapy and in the development of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne D Hafstad
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Neoma Boardman
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ellen Aasum
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Mellor KM, Brimble MA, Delbridge LM. Glucose as an agent of post-translational modification in diabetes — New cardiac epigenetic insights. Life Sci 2015; 129:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Johnson EJ, Dieter BP, Marsh SA. Evidence for distinct effects of exercise in different cardiac hypertrophic disorders. Life Sci 2015; 123:100-6. [PMID: 25632833 PMCID: PMC4339313 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise training (AET) attenuates or reverses pathological cardiac remodeling after insults such as chronic hypertension and myocardial infarction. The phenotype of the pathologically hypertrophied heart depends on the insult; therefore, it is likely that distinct types of pathological hypertrophy require different exercise regimens. However, the mechanisms by which AET improves the structure and function of the pathologically hypertrophied heart are not well understood, and exercise research uses highly inconsistent exercise regimens in diverse patient populations. There is a clear need for systematic research to identify precise exercise prescriptions for different conditions of pathological hypertrophy. Therefore, this review synthesizes existing evidence for the distinct mechanisms by which AET benefits the heart in different pathological hypertrophy conditions, suggests strategic exercise prescriptions for these conditions, and highlights areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Johnson
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Brad P Dieter
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, College of Education, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA; Section of Experimental and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Susan A Marsh
- Section of Experimental and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
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Konhilas JP, Chen H, Luczak E, McKee LA, Regan J, Watson PA, Stauffer BL, Khalpey ZI, Mckinsey TA, Horn T, LaFleur B, Leinwand LA. Diet and sex modify exercise and cardiac adaptation in the mouse. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 308:H135-45. [PMID: 25398983 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00532.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The heart adapts to exercise stimuli in a sex-dimorphic manner when mice are fed the traditional soy-based chow. Females undergo more voluntary exercise (4 wk) than males and exhibit more cardiac hypertrophy per kilometer run (18, 32). We have found that diet plays a critical role in cage wheel exercise and cardiac adaptation to the exercise stimulus in this sex dimorphism. Specifically, feeding male mice a casein-based, soy-free diet increases daily running distance over soy-fed counterparts to equal that of females. Moreover, casein-fed males have a greater capacity to increase their cardiac mass in response to exercise compared with soy-fed males. To further explore the biochemical mechanisms for these differences, we performed a candidate-based RT-PCR screen on genes previously implicated in diet- or exercise-based cardiac hypertrophy. Of the genes screened, many exhibit significant exercise, diet, or sex effects but only transforming growth factor-β1 shows a significant three-way interaction with no genes showing a two-way interaction. Finally, we show that the expression and activity of adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase-α2 and acetyl-CoA carboxylase is dependent on exercise, diet, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Konhilas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona;
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Elizabeth Luczak
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Laurel A McKee
- Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jessica Regan
- Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Peter A Watson
- University of Colorado Denver, and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Zain I Khalpey
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Timothy A Mckinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Todd Horn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Bonnie LaFleur
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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43
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Regulation of SERCA pumps expression in diabetes. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:302-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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Marsh SA, Collins HE, Chatham JC. Protein O-GlcNAcylation and cardiovascular (patho)physiology. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:34449-56. [PMID: 25336635 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r114.585984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the role of protein O-GlcNAcylation in the regulation of the cardiovascular system has increased rapidly in recent years. Studies have linked increased O-GlcNAc levels to glucose toxicity and diabetic complications; conversely, acute activation of O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to be cardioprotective. However, it is also increasingly evident that O-GlcNAc turnover plays a central role in the delicate regulation of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, the goals of this minireview are to summarize our current understanding of how changes in O-GlcNAcylation influence cardiovascular pathophysiology and to highlight the evidence that O-GlcNAc cycling is critical for normal function of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Marsh
- From the Section of Experimental and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99210-1495 and
| | - Helen E Collins
- the Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019
| | - John C Chatham
- the Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019
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Peternelj TT, Marsh SA, Morais C, Small DM, Dalbo VJ, Tucker PS, Coombes JS. O-GlcNAc protein modification in C2C12 myoblasts exposed to oxidative stress indicates parallels with endogenous antioxidant defense. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 93:63-73. [PMID: 25453190 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence demonstrates the involvement of protein modification with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) in the stress response and its beneficial effects on cell survival. Here we investigated protein O-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle cells exposed to oxidative stress and the crosstalk with endogenous antioxidant system. The study focused on antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and transcriptional regulators proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), which play important roles in oxidative stress response and are known to be O-GlcNAc-modified. C2C12 myoblasts were subjected to 24 h incubation with different reagents, including hydrogen peroxide, diethyl maleate, high glucose, and glucosamine, and the inhibitors of O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes. Surprisingly, O-GlcNAc levels were significantly increased only with glucosamine, whilst other treatments showed no effect. Significant changes at the mRNA level were observed with concomitant upregulation of the genes for O-GlcNAc enzymes and stress-related proteins with oxidizing agents and downregulation of these genes with agents promoting O-GlcNAcylation. Our findings suggest a role of O-GlcNAc in the stress response and indicate an inhibitory mechanism controlling O-GlcNAc levels in the muscle cells. This could represent an important homeostatic regulation of the cellular defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Tinkara Peternelj
- a Antioxidant Research Group, School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Myslicki JP, Belke DD, Shearer J. Role of O-GlcNAcylation in nutritional sensing, insulin resistance and in mediating the benefits of exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:1205-13. [PMID: 25203141 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) protein modification in metabolic disease states and to summarize current knowledge of how exercise affects this important post-translational signalling pathway. O-GlcNAc modification is an intracellular tool capable of integrating energy supply with demand. The accumulation of excess energy associated with obesity and insulin resistance is mediated, in part, by the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), which results in the O-GlcNAcylation of a myriad of proteins, thereby affecting their respective function, stability, and localization. Insulin resistance is related to the excessive O-GlcNAcylation of key metabolic proteins causing a chronic blunting of insulin signalling pathways and precipitating the accompanying pathologies, such as heart and kidney disease. Lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise also modify the pathway. Exercise is a front-line and cost-effective therapeutic approach for insulin resistance, and recent work shows that the intervention can alter O-GlcNAc gene expression, signalling, and protein modification. However, there is currently no consensus on the effect of frequency, intensity, type, and duration of exercise on O-GlcNAc modification, the HBP, and its related enzymes. On one end of the spectrum, mild, prolonged swim training reduces O-GlcNAcylation, while on the other end, higher intensity treadmill running increases cardiac protein O-GlcNAc modification. Clearly, a balance between acute and chronic stress of exercise is needed to reap the benefits of the intervention on O-GlcNAc signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Myslicki
- a Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Cox EJ, Marsh SA. A systematic review of fetal genes as biomarkers of cardiac hypertrophy in rodent models of diabetes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92903. [PMID: 24663494 PMCID: PMC3963983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy activates a suite of genes called the fetal gene program (FGP). Pathological hypertrophy occurs in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM); therefore, the FGP is widely used as a biomarker of DCM in animal studies. However, it is unknown whether the FGP is a consistent marker of hypertrophy in rodent models of diabetes. Therefore, we analyzed this relationship in 94 systematically selected studies. Results showed that diabetes induced with cytotoxic glucose analogs such as streptozotocin was associated with decreased cardiac weight, but genetic or diet-induced models of diabetes were significantly more likely to show cardiac hypertrophy (P<0.05). Animal strain, sex, age, and duration of diabetes did not moderate this effect. There were no correlations between the heart weight:body weight index and mRNA or protein levels of the fetal genes α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) or β-MHC, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), or brain natriuretic peptide. The only correlates of non-indexed heart weight were the protein levels of α-MHC (Spearman's ρ = 1, P<0.05) and ANP (ρ = −0.73, P<0.05). These results indicate that most commonly measured genes in the FGP are confounded by diabetogenic methods, and are not associated with cardiac hypertrophy in rodent models of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Cox
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Susan A. Marsh
- Department of Experimental and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Toivonen MHM, Pöllänen E, Ahtiainen M, Suominen H, Taaffe DR, Cheng S, Takala T, Kujala UM, Tammi MI, Sipilä S, Kovanen V. OGT and OGA expression in postmenopausal skeletal muscle associates with hormone replacement therapy and muscle cross-sectional area. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:1501-4. [PMID: 24365779 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation via O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is an important post-translational regulatory mechanism mediated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and responsive to nutrients and stress. OGT attaches an O-GlcNAc moiety to proteins, while O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyzes O-GlcNAc removal. In skeletal muscle of experimental animals, prolonged increase in O-GlcNAcylation associates with age and muscle atrophy. Here we examined the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and power training (PT) on muscle OGT and OGA gene expression in postmenopausal women generally prone to age-related muscle weakness. In addition, the associations of OGT and OGA gene expressions with muscle phenotype were analyzed. Twenty-seven 50-57-year-old women participated in a yearlong randomized placebo-controlled trial: HRT (n=10), PT (n=8) and control (n=9). OGT and OGA mRNA levels were measured from muscle samples obtained at baseline and after one year. Knee extensor muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), knee extension force, running speed and vertical jumping height were measured. During the yearlong intervention, HRT suppressed the aging-associated upregulation of OGT mRNA that occurred in the controls. The effects of PT were similar but weaker. HRT also tended to increase the OGA mRNA level compared to the controls. The change in the ratio of OGT to OGA gene expressions correlated negatively with the change in muscle CSA. Our results suggest that OGT and OGA gene expressions are associated with muscle size during the critical postmenopausal period. HRT and PT influence muscle OGT and OGA gene expression, which may be one of the mechanisms by which HRT and PT prevent aging-related loss of muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna H M Toivonen
- Department of Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P. O. Box 35, 40014, Finland.
| | - Eija Pöllänen
- Department of Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P. O. Box 35, 40014, Finland
| | - Maarit Ahtiainen
- Department of Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P. O. Box 35, 40014, Finland
| | - Harri Suominen
- Department of Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P. O. Box 35, 40014, Finland
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, 10 Chittaway Road, Ourimbah NSW 2258, Australia
| | - Sulin Cheng
- Department of Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P. O. Box 35, 40014, Finland
| | - Timo Takala
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute, Uusikatu 46, P. O. Box 365, 90101 Oulu, Finland; Department of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, P. O. Box 5000, 90014, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Department of Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P. O. Box 35, 40014, Finland
| | - Markku I Tammi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P. O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sarianna Sipilä
- Department of Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P. O. Box 35, 40014, Finland
| | - Vuokko Kovanen
- Department of Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P. O. Box 35, 40014, Finland
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