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Agbariah N, Rovó A. Breaking Stereotypes: Polycythemia Secondary to Shisha Smoking in a Middle-Age Swiss Woman. Acta Haematol 2022; 145:650-654. [PMID: 35835029 PMCID: PMC9808667 DOI: 10.1159/000526016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of polycythemia, particularly the secondary forms, can be challenging. The distinction between primary and secondary polycythemia is relevant and has management implications. A systematic diagnostic workup algorithm and a good anamnesis are of paramount relevance. More than one cause may be involved in the development of polycythemia, identifying all of them will be the key to better understanding and eventually solving the polycythemia. We describe a case of a 53-year-old Swiss woman with polycythemia and a high level of carboxyhemoglobin. Her medical story included obesity and obstructive sleep apnea. The anamnesis ruled out the habit of smoking cigarettes; however, the patient reported that she was on a trip to Egypt 10 years before and bought herself a shisha; since then, she used to smoke shisha daily, at home, alone. After drastically reducing and then stopping the shisha smoking, 7 months later her blood count and carboxyhemoglobin completely normalized.
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Ghaderi A, Khoshakhlagh AH, Irani M, Ghaseminezhad A, Gautam P, Mirzaei N, Banafshe HR, Nemati B, Ghalerashidi HM. Examining of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Hookah Smokers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 201:3185-3192. [PMID: 36138261 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hookah smoking has been spreading around the world, especially among young adults. The current study aimed to investigate the concentration of heavy metals and elements and clinical symptoms in hookah users in comparison with non-users. To the best of our knowledge, the present study represents the first scientific contribution indicating levels of several heavy metals and elements in urine and blood in hookah users and non-users as well as evaluating clinical symptoms. This research was implemented in Iran among 100 males divided into two groups (50/group): control and hookah users. Heavy metal contamination (lead, cadmium, arsenic, thallium, zinc, and copper) in blood and urine samples was assayed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). Duration of hookah use was 7.06 ± 4.57 years. The mean ± SD of lead, arsenic, and thallium concentrations was 3.77 ± 2.22, 8.50 ± 4.34, and 4.22 ± 2.69 μg/L. The mean levels of blood for lead, arsenic, and urinary thallium in hookah users are significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). The most frequent clinical symptoms in hookah smokers were constipation and fatigue. Findings from this study might guide the development of policies to regulate hookah smoking and prevent adverse health effects associated with hookah smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghaderi
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit-Matini/Kargarnejad Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Masoome Irani
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Azam Ghaseminezhad
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Prem Gautam
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nezam Mirzaei
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Department of Environment Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Banafshe
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Bahador Nemati
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Ebrahimi Kalan M, Abazari M, Ben Taleb Z, Adham D, Abbasi A, Bursac Z, Ward KD, Cobb CO, Behaleh R, Wipfli HL, Fazlzadeh M. Characteristics of flavored and non-flavored waterpipe tobacco users: a real-world setting study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57629-57639. [PMID: 34089452 PMCID: PMC8179087 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to compare sociodemographic characteristics, smoking patterns, beliefs and perceptions, nicotine dependence, and psychological indicators between flavored waterpipe (WP) tobacco (FWT) and non-flavored WP tobacco (non-FWT) smokers in Iran. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 94 WP-serving venues surrounding Tehran and Ardabil metropolitans in Iran. Convenience sampling was applied to select 900 current WP smokers [508 (56%) FWT-only and 392 (44%) non-FWT-only smokers] aged 18 years and older. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the independent characteristics of FWT and non-FWT smokers. Compared to non-FWT smokers, FWT smokers were younger (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-0.90) and more likely to have ≥ 1 sibling who smoked WP (AOR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.06-2.24), share WP with others (AOR=2.52, 95% CI: 1.68-3.77), report current cigarette smoking (AOR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.23-3.42), and report confidence in quitting at any time (AOR=3.64, 95% CI: 2.45-5.39). FWT smokers were less likely to have seen (AOR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.27-0.60) or read (AOR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.24-0.80) warning messages on WP tobacco packages relative to non-FTW smokers. The most common self-reported reason for smoking WP was entertainment for both groups, followed by stress relief for non-FWT smokers and the escape from loneliness for FWT smokers. FWT-only smokers differ from non-FWT-only smokers in several aspects including being younger, having more positive beliefs and perceptions regarding WP use, and having higher cigarette smoking prevalence. These findings will help in developing more effective and targeted policies and cessation interventions for WP smokers according to flavor type they use, especially in the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Malek Abazari
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St, Ardabil, 5615731567, Iran
| | - Ziyad Ben Taleb
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Davoud Adham
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St, Ardabil, 5615731567, Iran.
| | - Abbas Abbasi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St, Ardabil, 5615731567, Iran
| | - Zoran Bursac
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth D Ward
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Caroline O Cobb
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Raed Behaleh
- School of Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH, USA
| | - Heather Lynn Wipfli
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mehdi Fazlzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Al-Sawalha NA, Almomani BA, Al-Shatnawi SF, Almomani BN. Attitudes and Knowledge of the Harmful Effects of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking among university students: A study from Jordan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43725-43731. [PMID: 33840029 PMCID: PMC8036007 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is an emerging behavior worldwide, especially among the youth. It continues to spike in the Middle-Eastern region. WTS is associated with many harmful health-related outcomes.Objective: Herein, the attitude, knowledge, and factors affecting the knowledge of university students toward the detrimental effects of WTS were examined. This was a cross-sectional study where university students filled an online questionnaire that was available between October 2019 and May 2020. A total of 966 questionnaires were filled. About 40% of participants were current waterpipe smokers. Around 30% of participants stated that WTS is not addictive, and about third of them indicated that smoking waterpipe is an essential part of social gathering and is socially accepted behavior. Half of participants (55.8%) were knowledgeable about the major harmful consequences of WTS. Older students were more knowledgeable as compared to younger ones. In contrast, students from non-medical colleges and waterpipe smokers were less knowledgeable in comparison to those in medical colleges and non-smokers, respectively. More targeted health campaigns to control the use of WTS among university students should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour A Al-Sawalha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Basima A Almomani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Samah F Al-Shatnawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Bashar N Almomani
- Ministry of Health, National Institute of Forensic Medicine, Amman, Jordan
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Kheirallah KA, Shugaa Addin N, Alolimat MM. Trends of maternal waterpipe, cigarettes, and dual tobacco smoking in Jordan. A decade of lost opportunities. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253655. [PMID: 34242237 PMCID: PMC8270187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal tobacco use is a global public health problem. In the literature, the focus was mainly on cigarette smoking, minimally on waterpipe use, and totally ignored dual use among pregnant women. We estimated the prevalence of current maternal tobacco use by tobacco product (cigarette, waterpipe, and dual use) over a period of ten years (2007 to 2017), and examined the socio-demographic patterning of maternal tobacco use. Methods A secondary analysis of Jordan DHS four data waves was conducted for women who reported to be pregnant at the time of the survey. Current cigarette and waterpipe tobacco use were investigated. Prevalence estimates for cigarette-only, waterpipe-only, and dual use, as well as for cigarette, regardless of waterpipe, and waterpipe, regardless of cigarette, were reported. The effect of independent variables on cigarette smoking, waterpipe use, and dual use was assessed. Logistic regression models assessed the adjusted effects of socio-demographic variables on cigarette smoking, waterpipe use, and on dual use. For each outcome variable, a time-adjusted and a time-unadjusted logistic models were conducted. Results Over the last decade, the prevalence estimates of current cigarette-only smoking slightly decreased. The prevalence estimates of current waterpipe-only use exceeded those for cigarette-only after 2007 and showed a steady overall increase. Current dual use showed a continuous rise especially after 2009. Gradual increase in cigarette smoking (4.1%, in 2007, and 5.7% in 2017) and in waterpipe use (2.5% to 6.4%) were detected. Education showed an inverse relationship with cigarette and waterpipe smoking. Household wealth demonstrated a positive association with cigarette and waterpipe smoking. Conclusions Tobacco use epidemic is expanding its roots among pregnant women in Jordan through not only waterpipe use but also dual cigarette–waterpipe smoking. Maternal and child services should consider tobacco counseling and cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A. Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- * E-mail:
| | - Nuha Shugaa Addin
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Maan M. Alolimat
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Sinclair RG, Somsamouth K, Sahar D, Englert R, Singh P. Microbial contamination in the communal-use Lao tobacco waterpipe. Int Health 2021; 13:344-349. [PMID: 33049758 PMCID: PMC7665567 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of the Asian tobacco waterpipe (TWP) in the Lao People's Democratic Republic represents a potential communal source of infectious disease. This practice of smoking can lead to weakened defences of a smoker's respiratory epithelium, making the smoker vulnerable to respiratory diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019, tuberculosis and others. METHODS This study evaluated the water quality and hygiene factors among 43 smokers of five villages in rural Luang Namtha Province. Water samples were collected from participant's TWPs and assessed for the presence of Escherichia coli, coliforms and aerobic plate count (APC) bacteria using the 3M Petrifilm. RESULTS The microbial indicator testing results were 95% positive for the APC, 38% positive for coliforms and 17% positive for the E. coli indicator. The concentrations were highest for the APC, with an average of 106 colony forming units (cfu)/ml, followed by coliforms with <100 cfu/ml and lowest for E. coli with <10 cfu/ml. Most TWPs were infrequently cleaned, heavily used and contained a warm, brown-coloured water. CONCLUSIONS The warm, dark and moist internal water container may facilitate microbial survival and growth. The use of a TWP adds several unstudied modes of transmission to a complex and common biobehavioural and environmental pathogen exposure. Future TWP cessation activities should be tailored to consider risks of infectious disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G Sinclair
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, 24951 N. Circle Drive, Nichol Hall 2014, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Khamphithoun Somsamouth
- Centre of Information and Education for Health, Ministry of Health, Simuang Road, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
| | - Demetria Sahar
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, 24951 N. Circle Drive, Nichol Hall 2014, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Robyn Englert
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, 24951 N. Circle Drive, Nichol Hall 2014, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Pramil Singh
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, 24951 N. Circle Drive, Nichol Hall 2014, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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Diab J, Jacques M, Vandervord J, Holland AJ. Shisha related burns: A paediatric case series. BURNS OPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burnso.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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AlMulla A, Mamtani R, Cheema S, Maisonneuve P, Abdullah BaSuhai J, Mahmoud G, Kouyoumjian S. Epidemiology of tobacco use in Qatar: Prevalence and its associated factors. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250065. [PMID: 33857248 PMCID: PMC8049255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is a serious public health concern as it causes various deleterious health problems. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and various types of tobacco used among a population-based sample of adults 18 years and above in Qatar (residents and expatriates). The study also attempted to assess tobacco use initiation age, tobacco dependency, and to identify factors associated with current tobacco use. This 2019 cross-sectional study was conducted among governmental employees and University students in Qatar using cluster sampling methodology. Study participants completed a self-administered, country-adapted summarized version of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey. 25.2% (n = 1741; N = 6904) of the surveyed sample reported current tobacco use. 21.5% (n = 1481) smoked tobacco (cigarettes, waterpipe, medwakh and cigar) concomitant with other forms of tobacco and only 1.0% (n = 69) were using other forms of tobacco (electronic cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and heat-not-burn tobacco products) and 2.7% (n = 191) did not mention the type of tobacco products used by them. Of the 1550 tobacco users, 42.8% were cigarette smokers, 20.9% waterpipe, 3.2% medwakh (Arabic traditional pipe) and 0.7% cigar. Moreover, 1.9% reported smokeless tobacco use (sweika), 2.0% electronic cigarette use, and 0.3% heat-not-burn tobacco use. The mean age for smoking initiation was 19.7±5.3 (Qataris 18.6±4.8 and non-Qataris 20.3±5.6). Using multivariable logistic regression, significant association was observed between tobacco use and gender, nationality, age, monthly income, living with a smoker, and self-rated health. This large population-based cross-sectional survey provides the first evidence for the prevalence of different types of tobacco use including medwakh smoking among adults (Qataris and non-Qataris) 18 years and above in Qatar. This can serve as a baseline for future research studies on the topic. Based on the review of previous and current tobacco survey findings, it is evident that the prevalence of tobacco use (current) in Qatar has declined suggesting that tobacco control measures implemented by the country have been effective in reducing tobacco consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad AlMulla
- Department of Medicine, Tobacco Control Center, WHO Collaborative Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravinder Mamtani
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sohaila Cheema
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Patrick Maisonneuve
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | - Jamal Abdullah BaSuhai
- Department of Medicine, Tobacco Control Center, WHO Collaborative Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gafar Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, Tobacco Control Center, WHO Collaborative Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Silva Kouyoumjian
- Department of Medicine, Tobacco Control Center, WHO Collaborative Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Hosseinian M, Nazari S, Ajorpaz N, Sadat Z, Esalatmanesh S. The relationship between academic procrastination and depression in students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Perceptions of Waterpipe Smoking among Young Adults: A Phenomenological Study. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8040134. [PMID: 33321834 PMCID: PMC7763057 DOI: 10.3390/dj8040134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe tobacco smoking is becoming increasingly popular in the West among young people. Given the associated health risks of this behaviour, we aimed to investigate why young adults take up waterpipe tobacco smoking and their attitudes to the associated risks. METHODS This was a qualitative study, with a phenomenological perspective. Focus groups and face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted among waterpipe smokers aged 20-30 years living in London, UK. Transcripts were analysed using constant comparison and cycling between the data and analysis. Data collection continued until thematic saturation was achieved. RESULTS Sixteen smokers attended focus groups and face-to-face interviews. Seven main themes emerged encompassing four main dimensions relating to: lack of knowledge, perceived risk, affordability, and social addiction. Waterpipe was perceived to be safer than cigarette smoking due to the pleasant odour, fruity flavours, and belief that water filtered the toxins. The waterpipe had become a "social addiction" enhancing group atmosphere, was cheap and did not have the dangers of violence or hallucinations associated with other addictions like alcohol and drugs. Because of their intermittent smoking patterns and the lack of statutory warnings, none felt they were not at risk of any adverse side effects. CONCLUSIONS Waterpipe smoking is a growing public health problem; the social environment associated with its use is perceived to be a positive outlet by smokers who do not consider it harmful to their health. These perceptions need to be addressed urgently by anti-smoking policies.
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Awareness and Practice of Oral Health Measures in Medina, Saudi Arabia: An Observational Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17239112. [PMID: 33291281 PMCID: PMC7730934 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this observational study is to investigate the oral health status and practices in the multicultural community of Medina, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional questionnaire was distributed that asked about oral health, dental and periodontal conditions, personal attitudes toward dental care, and smoking habits. Cross tabulation with chi-squared testing was carried out to investigate the association of toothbrush usage and smoking with several variables. Four-hundred and sixty subjects enrolled in the study. The majority of the respondents were students and Saudi males. More than 75% of the participants had neither a family dentist nor dental insurance; 7% were smokers, 84% used a toothbrush, 17% used dental floss and 34% used miswak (a teeth cleaning twig made from the Salvadora persica tree). Some of the individuals complained of tooth sensitivity, halitosis and bleeding gums. The main reason for dental visits was pain, with 23% of the participants having never visited a dentist. Tooth brushing was significantly associated with gender, nationality, occupation, education, marital status, having kids and dental insurance (p ≤ 0.05). Tobacco consumption was significantly associated with age, occupation, education level, marital status, having children, having bleeding gingivae and halitosis. Effective dental education programs are needed to improve dental knowledge and awareness in the Medina community.
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Al-Sheyab NA, Alyahya MS, Almomani F, Tazlat AM. Risk perception of waterpipe smoking among undergraduate medical and nursing students in Jordan. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1841843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nihaya A. Al-Sheyab
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad S. Alyahya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Health Management and Policy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Fida Almomani
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Amani M. Tazlat
- MSN, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Exhaled carbon monoxide levels and demographics of water-pipe smoking young at outdoor areas of water-pipe smoking cafes, in Ankara. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.662133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Logo DD, Kyei-Faried S, Oppong FB, Ae-Ngibise KA, Ansong J, Amenyaglo S, Ankrah ST, Singh A, Owusu-Dabo E. Waterpipe use among the youth in Ghana: Lessons from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2017. Tob Induc Dis 2020; 18:47. [PMID: 32547350 PMCID: PMC7291957 DOI: 10.18332/tid/120937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Global Youth Tobacco Survey’s findings have been used to support Ghana’s tobacco control legislation, monitor tobacco use among the youth and also used in meeting various Articles of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). These Articles include: Article 8 (Protection for exposure to tobacco smoke); Article 12 (Education, communication, training and public awareness); Article 13 (Tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship); Article 14 (Demand reduction measures concerning tobacco dependence and cessation); and Article 16 (Sales to and by minors). Among the four waves of GYTS in Ghana, the 2017 GYTS was the first to assess waterpipe smoking, through optional questions included in the GYTS questionnaire. We assessed sex, age and regional differentials in waterpipe smoking among the youth in Ghana, and also explored the association between the use of other tobacco products and waterpipe use. METHODS The GYTS employs a standardized methodology with self-administered questionnaires, consisting of core, optional, and country specific questions. Fourteen questions, out of the seventy-four (74) questions administered for the entire GYTS, assessed waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS). Chi-squared test was used to assess sex, age, grade/form and regional differentials in waterpipe use. Furthermore, the association between smoking cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, electronic cigarettes and waterpipe smoking, was explored by employing a chi-squared test with a 5% significance level. RESULTS Of a total of 5664 students who participated in the study, 90.9% were aged 13–15 years. The respondents were almost equally distributed among males and females. Overall, 3.1% of the respondents had ever smoked waterpipe. The overall prevalence of current waterpipe use was 1.7%; with 2.1% in girls (95% CI: 0.9–4.7%) and 0.9% in boys (95% CI: 0.5–1.6%), p=0.033. Additionally, more than half (55.0%) of the current waterpipe users smoked three or more sessions per day. Surprisingly, close to half (46.9%) of the current waterpipe users smoked at home. CONCLUSIONS Waterpipe use, particularly among the female student population, represents an emerging tobacco epidemic and hence deserves immediate attention from authorities. This study revealed that waterpipe is being used among Junior High students in Ghana. Education on the health implications of waterpipe use should be intensified among the youth, to help minimize its use and to prevent its associated health harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divine D Logo
- Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Felix B Oppong
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Kenneth A Ae-Ngibise
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana.,School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Joana Ansong
- World Health Organization Ghana Country Office, Accra, Ghana
| | - Seidu Amenyaglo
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sampson T Ankrah
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Dorey A, Scheerlinck P, Nguyen H, Albertson T. Acute and Chronic Carbon Monoxide Toxicity from Tobacco Smoking. Mil Med 2019; 185:e61-e67. [DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced from incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons and is a by-product of tobacco smoking. Chronic cigarette smokers often have carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) concentrations as high as 10%. We report a case of severely elevated COHb and polycythemia because of tobacco smoking and provide a review of the literature regarding elevated COHb in smokers. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed and Google Scholar was performed looking for articles on tobacco smoking and CO, COHb, CO poisoning, cigarettes, pipes, cigars and water pipes/hookah smokers. Result: COHb levels in frequent cigarette smokers generally range from 4.2% presmoking to 8.6% postsmoking. A heavy cigarette smoker presented twice with symptoms of CO toxicity and was found to have levels 21.8 to 24.2%. Cigar smokers have been found to have COHb ranging as high as 13.0 to 38.6% in case reports. Waterpipe or “hookah” smokers generally have COHb levels 10.1% +/−2.5% and case reports, and series of even higher levels associated with CO toxicity symptoms are common. Waterpipe smokers have been found to have COHb levels as high as 39.2% after smoking. Conclusions: Many active duty military and military veterans are tobacco smokers and these patients and their health care providers should be aware of the adverse effects of CO toxicity from tobacco smoking. Patients may have symptoms such as headaches, syncope, and ataxia in the setting of acute CO toxicity; however, the chronic effects of CO may not be completely understood. Future work could explore chronic CO toxicity and its effects on strength and exercise tolerance in military personnel and provide education to service members, veterans, and health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyrene Dorey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Department of Medicine, VA Northern California Hospitals and Clinics, Mather, CA 95655
| | - Pieter Scheerlinck
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Department of Medicine, VA Northern California Hospitals and Clinics, Mather, CA 95655
| | - Hoanvu Nguyen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Timothy Albertson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Department of Medicine, VA Northern California Hospitals and Clinics, Mather, CA 95655
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
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Muzammil, Al Asmari DS, Al Rethaiaa AS, Al Mutairi AS, Al Rashidi TH, Al Rasheedi HA, Al Rasheedi SA. Prevalence and Perception of Shisha Smoking among University Students: A Cross-sectional Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 9:275-281. [PMID: 31198701 PMCID: PMC6559036 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_407_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives: Understanding perceptions and factors behind the rise in the prevalence of shisha smoking is important for the development of prevention strategies and policies. The aim of this descriptive study was to assess the prevalence and perception of shisha smoking among university students. Materials and Methods: The anonymous, self-structured 12-item questionnaire was administered to 450 male university students, with an overall response rate of 82.44% (n = 371). Prevalence, knowledge, and other associated factors regarding shisha smoking were compared between dental and other specialty students using SPSS software for descriptive statistical analysis. Results: Among 371 university students, 40.43% (n = 150) were nonsmokers, 32.88% (n = 122) were shisha smokers, 12.94% (n = 48) were cigarette smokers, and 13.75% (n = 51) smoked both shisha and cigarette. The overall prevalence of shisha smoking (46.63%, n = 173) was higher than that of cigarette smoking (26.68%, n = 99). The percentage of those knowledgeable about the ill effects of shisha smoking was 44.2% with lesser knowledge among shisha smokers than cigarette smokers. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean total knowledge score between dental (5.65 ± 2.08) and other specialty (5.21 ± 2.3) students. Conclusions: A high prevalence of shisha use among university students is reported in this study as well as a general lack of understanding of the dangers involved with this behavior. Study authors recommend the development of policies targeted at preventing further rise in the prevalence of shisha smoking through the implementation of preventive strategies such as incorporating this topic into the school syllabus and encouraging research on shisha smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammil
- Department of Oral and Dental Health, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhafer S Al Asmari
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saleh Al Rethaiaa
- Department of Health Sciences Preparation, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saleh Al Mutairi
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Saad Amer Al Rasheedi
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Evaluating health warning messages specific to waterpipe smoking among university students in Jordan. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2019; 31:133-138. [PMID: 30507761 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Health warning messages specific to waterpipe smoking (WPS) have not been tested enough in literature. This study evaluated university students' response to such messages. Specifically, this study (1) assessed the extent to which certain warning messages and pictorial signs motivate participants to quit WPS smoking; (2) identified the best location to place the warning signs of waterpipe as perceived by participants; and (3) assessed participants' intention to quit WPS. METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 397 university students in Jordan using an Internet-based survey. The following data were collected: intentions regarding WPS, response to nine warning messages, and responses to four pictorial signs. RESULTS The message that had the highest motivation to quit smoking was " WPS during pregnancy can harm your baby" (79.3%), whereas the highest pictorial sign was regarding "Protect your children" (64.2%). Most (69.5%) participants believed that WPS products and accessories should contain warnings, and the best suggested location was the pipe handle (52.4%). Participants who reported quitting WPS and those who had an intention to quit had significantly higher responses to both types of health warning labels (HWLs). CONCLUSION Both text-only and pictorial HWLs were found to encourage quitting WPS among university students. Knowing that participants are having an intention to quit mandates extra efforts to make WPS experience less appealing through reminding them regarding its harms. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Support is needed by health care providers to put those effective health warning messages in action. Furthermore, providers can use such health warnings in motivating their patients to quit WPS.
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Arshad A, Matharoo J, Arshad E, Sadhra SS, Norton-Wangford R, Jawad M. Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards waterpipe tobacco smoking amongst college or university students: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:439. [PMID: 31029118 PMCID: PMC6487066 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence for the harms of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS), its use is increasing amongst college and university students worldwide. This systematic review aims to assess the knowledge of, attitudes towards and perceptions of WTS among college or university students. METHODS We electronically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PSYCHINFO and ISI the Web of Science in October 2018, restricting our search to studies published since January 1990. We included studies among university or college students that used qualitative or quantitative methods, and addressed either knowledge, attitudes, or perceptions towards WTS. We excluded studies where WTS could not be distinguished from other forms of tobacco use and studies reported as abstracts where the full text could not be identified. Data were synthesised qualitatively and analysed data by region (global north/ south), and by reasons for use, knowledge of health hazards, how knowledge influences use, perceptions towards dependence, and policy knowledge. RESULTS Eighty-six studies were included; 45 from the global north and 41 from the global south. Socio-cultural and peer influences were major contributing factors that encouraged students to initiate WTS. Furthermore, WTS dependence had two components: psychological and social. This was compounded by the general perception that WTS is a less harmful, less addictive and more sociable alternative to cigarette smoking. Knowledge of WTS harms failed to correlate with a reduced risk of WTS use, and some students reported symptoms of WTS addiction. A large proportion of students believed that quitting WTS was easy, yet few were able to do so successfully. Finally, students believed current public health campaigns to educate on WTS harms were inadequate and, particularly in the global north, were not required. CONCLUSION Reasons for WTS amongst university students are multi-faceted. Overall, interventions at both the individual and community level, but also policy measures to portray a message of increased harm amongst students, are required. Additional studies are necessitated to understand temporal changes in students' beliefs, thus allowing for better targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Arshad
- Medical School, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Jaideep Matharoo
- Medical School, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Ebrahim Arshad
- University Hospitals of North Midlands, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | - Simardeep Singh Sadhra
- Medical School, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Rosemary Norton-Wangford
- Medical School, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Mohammed Jawad
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
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Aanyu C, Kadobera D, Apolot RR, Kisakye AN, Nsubuga P, Bazeyo W, Ddamulira JB. Prevalence, knowledge and practices of shisha smoking among youth in Kampala City, Uganda. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 32:61. [PMID: 31223353 PMCID: PMC6560999 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.32.61.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION globally tobacco use kills more than seven million people annually, a figure expected to rise to 8 million deaths every year by 2030. Though perceived as safe, shisha smoking is reported to have the same or worse health effects as cigarette smoking yet, this practice has gained popularity especially among youths globally. We assessed shisha smoking and factors associated with shisha smoking to support public health interventions. METHODS a cross-sectional study was conducted among 663 systematically selected youths aged between 18-30 years attending bars in two divisions of Kampala city Uganda. Data was analyzed using Stata version 12 and logistic regression model run to establish factors independently associated with shisha smoking. RESULTS we found that 458 (86.4%) youths had low knowledge of the health effects of shisha and 193 (36.4%) smoked shisha. Majority of the respondents, 184 (97.4%) smoked flavoured and sweetened tobacco, 69 (36.5%) smoked on a weekly basis, 163 (86.2%) smoked in the company of friends, 162 (85.7%) shared shisha pipes. Factors associated with shisha smoking include smoking cigarettes adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.91, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.86-9.05); positive attitude (aOR: 3.89, 95% CI: 2.50-6.05); urban residence (aOR: 3.98, 95% CI: 1.99-8.00) and older age [25-30 years] (aOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.37-3.22). CONCLUSION the prevalence of shisha smoking is high with three in ten youths smoking shisha yet their knowledge about the health effects associated with shisha smoking was low. Shisha smoking ban should be implemented in all bars in Kampala as stated by the newly enacted tobacco law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Aanyu
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Angela Nakanwagi Kisakye
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - William Bazeyo
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
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Al-Qerem W, Gassar ES, Hammad AM, Al-Qirim RA, Jarrar YB, Ling J, Basheti IA. Assessing the Application of the Reference Lung Age Equations on the Jordanian Population. CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573398x15666190112151713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Al-Qerem
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ezeddin S. Gassar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Alaa M. Hammad
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rania A. Al-Qirim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun B. Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jonathan Ling
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing University of Sunderland, England, United Kingdom
| | - Iman A. Basheti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Kassem NO, Jackson SR, Kassem NO, Liles S, Posis AIB, Hovell MF. College Student Beliefs and Behavior Regarding Sharing When Smoking Hookahs. Am J Health Behav 2019; 43:133-144. [PMID: 30522572 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.43.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: We examined college students' beliefs and behavior regarding sharing when smoking a hookah, a practice that may involve substantial risk of disease transmission. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional Web-based survey of undergraduate ever users of hookah (N = 970) at a US university in 2007. Results: Hookah sharing started at initiation of hookah use. The first-time participants smoked hookah, 96.9% shared it, and 97.5% were with friends either in a hookah lounge (59.5%) or at a friend's home (30%). Participants shared a hookah when they first smoked it because sharing was acceptable with friends, family, or trusted others, normative etiquette, not problematic/harmful, cheaper, or the only smoking option. Participants did not use a mouth tip when they first smoked a hookah because it is not necessary with friends/family, there was no tip available, they were unaware of tips, or did not want to use one. Conclusions: Overwhelmingly, hookah sharing started at smoking initiation. Efforts are needed to create an environment in which sharing hookah practices are less acceptable such as increasing awareness of potential health risks of sharing, particularly among youth, and providing disposable hoses, disposable mouth tips, and proper hookah device cleaning practices in private and public hookah venues settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada O.F. Kassem
- Associate Director, Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA;,
| | - Sheila R. Jackson
- Data Manager, Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA
| | - Noura O. Kassem
- Study Coordinator, Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA
| | - Sandy Liles
- Data Analyst, Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA
| | - Alexander Ivan B. Posis
- Research Assistant, Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA
| | - Melbourne F. Hovell
- Director, Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA
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Abdo N, Ibraheem N, Obeidat N, Graboski-Bauer A, Batieha A, Altamimi N, Khatatbih M. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Women Toward Prenatal Genetic Testing. Epigenet Insights 2018; 11:2516865718813122. [PMID: 30620008 PMCID: PMC6299338 DOI: 10.1177/2516865718813122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We aim to address public knowledge, attitudes, and practices relative to prenatal genetic testing as a starting point for policy development in Jordan. Study design: We conducted a cross-sectional prenatal genetic testing knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey with 1111 women recruited at obstetrics and gynecology clinics nationwide. Data were analyzed using a variety of descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Results: The overwhelming majority (>94%) of participants considered prenatal genetic testing, particularly non-invasive prenatal genetic screening, procedures to be good, comfortable, and reasonable, even when the non-diagnostic nature of non-invasive prenatal genetic screening was explained. Likewise, 95% encouraged the implementation of non-invasive prenatal genetic screening within the Jordanian health system, but most preferred it to remain optional. However, women in higher-risk age brackets, in consanguineous marriages, and with less education were significantly less interested in learning about non-invasive prenatal genetic screening. Only 60% of women interviewed were satisfied with the services provided by their obstetric/gynecologist. The more satisfied the women were, the more they are likely to adapt non-invasive prenatal genetic screening. Conclusions: In sum, although the data support the receptivity of Jordanian women to national implementation of non-invasive prenatal genetic screening, such policies should be accompanied by health education to increase the genetic literacy of the population and to engage high-risk populations. Thus, this offers rare insight into the readiness of 1 particular Arab population to adapt non-invasive prenatal genetic screening technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Abdo
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nadia Ibraheem
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nail Obeidat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Anwar Batieha
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nada Altamimi
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Abbasi-Ghahramanloo A, Safiri S, Gholami A, Molaei Tajkooh A, Rajabi F, Torkamannejad Sabzevari J. Illicit Drug Use and its Correlations Among Hookah Users in Khalil Abad, Northeast of Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.15171/ijer.2017.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Venkatesh E, Al Jemal MY, Al Samani AS. Characteristics, reasons, behavior and knowledge towards waterpipe smoking in Saudi Arabia. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017; 32:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2017-0090/ijamh-2017-0090.xml. [PMID: 28820734 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2017-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The present scenario shows that waterpipe smoking, one of tobacco smoking methods, the practice off which dates back at least 400 year is appealing to the youth. Waterpipe tobacco smoking is frequently linked with nations of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) comprising Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon and Syria. The present study shows the socio-demographic characteristics, behavior and knowledge of youth towards waterpipe smoking. Recognizing these features may help emphasize intervention methods. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data about waterpipe smoking comprising sociodemographic, behavior, reasons and knowledge from 230 university students. Results 230 questionnaires were distributed from which only 199 were included in the study as 31 were excluded because of incompleteness of the survey. The mean age for starting smoking was 19.49 ± 3.75 years with 32.5% of family members and the majority of their friends engaged with waterpipe smoking. Pleasure and happiness (76%), helps me to deal with pressure (78%) and acceptance by society (91%), were the major reasons cited for waterpipe smoking. It being less harmful and less addictive (55%) compared to cigarettes and no objection from the parents (58%) were the other cited reasons. Furthermore, less than 50% of the participants had correct knowledge of its harmful effects. Conclusion It is clearly evident from our findings that there is a meagre amount of knowledge regarding the harmful effects of waterpipe smoking. It is essential that programs to impart knowledge regarding the harmful effects of waterpipe smoking and dependence should be of the utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elluru Venkatesh
- Department of Oral, Basic and Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim Private Colleges, P. O. Box: 156, Buraidah 51411, Kingdom ofSaudi Arabia, Mobile: +00966531696618
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Dar-Odeh NS, Aleithan FA, Alnazzawi AA, Al-Shayyab MH, Abu-Hammad SO, Abu-Hammad OA. Factors affecting oral health determinants in female university students: a cross-sectional survey in Saudi Arabia. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017; 32:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2017-0084/ijamh-2017-0084.xml. [PMID: 28782348 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2017-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aims at investigating factors affecting oral health patterns, attitudes and health risk behaviors among female university students. Methods An online questionnaire was distributed to female university students in Al Madinah in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Students were requested to answer questions on demographic data, oral hygiene practices, dental attendance, smoking history, practice of sports and body weight and height. Results Two hundred and fourteen students participated with age range of 18-31 years (mean = 21.64 ± 1.72 years). Oral hygiene habits were reported by a percentage of 97.2%, 34.6%, 30.8% and 19.2% who used a tooth brush, dental floss, mouthwash, and a miswak (a teeth cleaning twig made from the Salvadora persica tree), respectively. The only factor that was significantly associated with a good oral hygiene level was a university major of non-healthcare specialties (p = 0.009). Conclusion It is concluded that female university students use various oral hygiene methods, however, dental attendance is poor and a number of health risk factors are noticed like smoking, lack of practicing sport and unhealthy body mass index (BMI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla S Dar-Odeh
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madina Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, Phone: 00966/592231888
| | | | - Ahmad A Alnazzawi
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madina Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Osama A Abu-Hammad
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madina Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Brimkulov N, Vinnikov D, Dzhilkiadarova Z, Aralbaeva A. Tobacco use among Kyrgyzstan medical students: an 11-year follow-up cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:625. [PMID: 28676036 PMCID: PMC5496314 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students are the first line active force to combat tobacco epidemic, but they may suffer from high smoking prevalence and wrong attitude themselves. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of current curriculum on smoking behavior of medical students in Kyrgyzstan. METHODS 20% random sample of all 6 years of the School of Medicine in Kyrgyz State Medical Academy were interviewed in spring 2016. The questionnaire included sections on tobacco products consumption and knowledge and attitude to counseling. We verified smoking status with exhaled CO measurement using Bedfont Smokelyzer. RESULTS In 618 students (48% female), the overall daily cigarette smoking prevalence was 21% (34% in males and 6% in females), being highest in years 1 and 3 and least in year 5 (prevalence difference 14%). With very low smokeless products and electronic cigarettes use prevalence, ever-smoking prevalence of waterpipe use was very high, reaching 85% in 6-year male students with alarmingly high prevalence in female students also. Only 74% students responded there was 100% evidence of harmful effects of tobacco, unchanged throughout the course of study. CONCLUSIONS The use of tobacco products, especially smoking waterpipe, in Kyrgyzstan medical students remains very high. Coupled with poor knowledge and high demand for more information, this demonstrates urgent need for more active and advanced training on tobacco control in medical school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurlan Brimkulov
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy after I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek, 720020 Kyrgyz Republic
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi avenue 71, Almaty, 050040 Kazakhstan
| | - Denis Vinnikov
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy after I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek, 720020 Kyrgyz Republic
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi avenue 71, Almaty, 050040 Kazakhstan
- Public Association “Lung Health”, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek, 720020 Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Zhamilia Dzhilkiadarova
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy after I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek, 720020 Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Aigerim Aralbaeva
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy after I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek, 720020 Kyrgyz Republic
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Eshah NF, Froelicher ES. Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and patterns of waterpipe use among Jordanian adults who exclusively smoke waterpipes. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2017; 17:85-92. [PMID: 28671481 DOI: 10.1177/1474515117719592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread waterpipe smoking (WPS) is reported worldwide. Although remarkable numbers of waterpipe smokers do not smoke cigarettes, very few studies have explored the phenomenon of WPS in people who smoke water pipes exclusively. The aim of this study was to assess levels of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and patterns of WPS among Jordanian waterpipe-only smokers. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive design was used; with 247 participants who were recruited through convenience sampling from 23 cafés offering waterpipes. An interview and self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data. RESULTS The average age for starting WPS was 19.4 ± 5.6 years, of whom 71% started as teenagers. Participants like WPS because they like its flavor and social environment (46.3% and 29.5% respectively). The majority of participants reported that they smoked a waterpipe for the first time with their friends (66.8%), they usually smoke in the company of others (63.2%), and believe that quitting cigarettes smoking is harder than quitting WPS (61.6%). More than half (56.7%) of participants have extremely poor knowledge about the health effects of WPS. Participants who had smoked cigarettes in the past, were more knowledgeable than those who had never smoked cigarettes. The majority of participants, and specifically women, have high positive feelings and emotions (attitude) toward WPS, and 88.3% of them reported that it is a socially acceptable behavior. CONCLUSIONS Waterpipe smoking participants started WPS at an early age, and are attracted to the social environment that accompanies WPS. Participants have high positive attitude about WPS however they lack knowledge about harmful health effects of WPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika S Froelicher
- 2 Department of Physiological Nursing, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schools of Nursing & Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
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Ozouni Davaji RB, Dadban Shahamat Y, Hajili Davaji F, Mirkarimi K, Charkazi A, Pahlavanzadeh B, Seydghasemi NS, Sharifirad G, Moodi M, Elahi A. Patterns, Beliefs, Norms and Perceived Harms of Hookah Smoking in North Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:823-830. [PMID: 28441793 PMCID: PMC5464506 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.3.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hookah smoking is considered as a public health threat around the globe. The aim of this study was to investigatethe hookah smoking patterns, beliefs, norms and perceived harms in Golestan province of Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 395 hookah smokers using convenience sampling method in 2015. To collect data, Heinz’s hookah patternwas utilized. Ordinal regression models were used to exploring of covariates related to the odds of life time, last-30-day, and current hookah use. Results: In general, 357 (90.4%) subjects were male smokers. Most of subjects smoked hookah in café (62.2%) and with friends (75.6%). The majority of them (71.1%) did not consider themselves as a hooked person. Cigarette smoking (OR =.65, 95 % CI. 42-.98), low perceived addictiveness of hookah than cigarettes (OR =2.33, 95 % CI 1.45-3.73), Social context of hookah smoking with friends in café (OR =1.14, 95 % CI 1.08-1.2), and number of close friends who smoked hookah (OR =1.38, 95 % CI 1.18-1.61) were effective variables affected the past month use of hookah. Conclusion Development, implementation and assessment of interventions particularly adapted to hookah smoking regarding increase of perceived harm of hookah than cigarette and its probable addiction focusing on close friends appeared to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Berdi Ozouni Davaji
- Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golbarg Aval St, South Motahhari Av, Karimi Sq, Gorgan, Iran.
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Dar-Odeh N, Alnazzawi A, Shoqair N, Al-Shayyab MH, Abu-Hammad O. Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Among Dental Practitioners: Prevalence and Health Perceptions. Tob Use Insights 2016; 9:29-33. [PMID: 27695374 PMCID: PMC5038825 DOI: 10.4137/tui.s40568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe tobacco smoking prevalence, practice, and the associated health perceptions among dental practitioners have not been previously reported. This study aims to determine the prevalence of waterpipe smoking among dental practitioners and to evaluate their awareness of health hazards of waterpipe smoking, particularly the adverse effects on oral health. METHODS This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey among dental practitioners. Surveyed dental practitioners practiced dentistry in the holy city of Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, a city in the Central-Western Region of Saudi Arabia, and the study was conducted during March 2015. The questionnaire consisted of questions on demographic data, history and practices of tobacco use, and perceptions toward the health hazards of smoking. Dentists were approached at their work places and invited to participate. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample’s demographic and smoking characteristics, while cross-tabulation and chi-square test were used to determine the statistical significance of association between the groups (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS One hundred dental practitioners participated in the survey, with 55 males and 45 females. Twenty-six percent indicated that they were waterpipe smokers. Male gender and cigarette smoking were the only factors to be significantly associated with waterpipe smoking (P = 0.008 and P = 0.000, respectively). Most participants stated that waterpipe smoking is harmful to health, and the most commonly reported health hazard was respiratory disease, which was reported by 81% of participants. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of waterpipe smoking among dental practitioners is comparable to adult populations but lower than younger populations of university students. Health awareness of dental practitioners regarding waterpipe smoking was judged to be insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Dar-Odeh
- Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alnazzawi
- Assistant Professor, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noora Shoqair
- Intern, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Osama Abu-Hammad
- Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
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Factors Affecting Hookah Smoking Trend in the Society: A Review Article. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2016; 8:123-135. [PMID: 27882210 PMCID: PMC5115646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in hookah smoking is considered to be a serious health problem in societies withdifferent cigarette smoking patterns. Thus, determinants of increase in this behavior are needed to beidentified. This study aimed to review the articles related to the causes of hookah smoking in the society. METHODS This study reviewed the scientific references of authentic databases and journals, including Web ofScience, PubMed, Iranian Databases, Elsevier, Embase, Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL, CDC, and WorldHealth Organization (WHO). Overall, 84 scientific studies conducted during 1990-2015 were collected. FINDINGS Several studies on the prevalence of smoking hookah and its associated factors in the societysuggested that numerous factors played a role in interest in smoking hookah. The most common reasons forindividuals' inclination to smoke hookah were positive viewpoints toward smoking hookah, wrong beliefsabout its low risks, presumed lack of addiction, social acceptance, ease of access, wrong cultural habits, andregulative weakness. CONCLUSION Evidence indicated that a large spectrum of individual and social factors was effective in variouslevels of hookah consumption. Besides, it seems that single-component interventions and those solely basedon individual factors could not result in effective prevention. On the other hand, interventions based onecological approaches are suggested in this regard. Overall, it is essential to focus on the exclusion of positiveviewpoints toward hookah, develop the ability to say "no," relaxation, and resistance against temptations tosmoke hookah, culturalization, and regulation of strong laws.
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Athamneh L, Essien EJ, Sansgiry SS, Abughosh S. Intention to quit water pipe smoking among Arab Americans: Application of the theory of planned behavior. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2015; 16:80-90. [PMID: 26720395 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2015.1088423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs on the intention to quit water pipe smoking by using an observational, survey-based, cross-sectional study design with a convenient sample of Arab American adults in Houston, Texas. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine predictors of intention to quit water pipe smoking in the next year. A total of 340 participants completed the survey. Behavioral evaluation, normative beliefs, and motivation to comply were significant predictors of an intention to quit water pipe smoking adjusting for age, gender, income, marital status, and education. Interventions and strategies that include these constructs will assist water pipe smokers in quitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqa Athamneh
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy , University of Houston, Texas Medical Center , Houston , Texas
| | - E James Essien
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy , University of Houston, Texas Medical Center , Houston , Texas.,b Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health , The University of Texas , Houston , Texas
| | - Sujit S Sansgiry
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy , University of Houston, Texas Medical Center , Houston , Texas
| | - Susan Abughosh
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy , University of Houston, Texas Medical Center , Houston , Texas
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Abu-Helalah MA, Alshraideh HA, Al-Serhan AAA, Nesheiwat AI, Da'na M, Al-Nawafleh A. Epidemiology, attitudes and perceptions toward cigarettes and hookah smoking amongst adults in Jordan. Environ Health Prev Med 2015; 20:422-33. [PMID: 26194452 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-015-0483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study are to assess cigarette and hookah smoking rates amongst adult population in Jordan and to determine predictors of smoking status. Selected beliefs, perceptions and attitudes toward cigarettes and hookah smoking were also assessed. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in five regional governorates of Jordan through face-to-face interviews on a random sample of adult population aged 18-79 years. Data was collected using a piloted questionnaire based on the Global Adult Tobacco Questionnaire. RESULTS The overall prevalence of cigarette smoking in our sample (869) was 59.1 % amongst males and 23.3 % amongst females, while the overall prevalence of hookah smoking was 18.9 % amongst males and 23.1 % amongst females. Leisure and imitation were the most commonly reported reasons for smoking. Regardless of smoking status, people were aware of health risks associated smoking and also had negative perceptions toward smoking. CONCLUSIONS Smoking rates for both genders have reached alarmingly high rates in Jordan. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive national programme to target the country's growing burden of smoking. Suggestions on leisure time activities should be included in such programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir Ahmad Abu-Helalah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mutah, 61710, Karak, Jordan.
| | - Hussam Ahmad Alshraideh
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Jawad M, Abdulrahim S, Daouk A. The Social Patterning of Tobacco Use Among Women in Jordan: The Protective Effect of Education on Cigarette Smoking and the Deleterious Effect of Wealth on Cigarette and Waterpipe Smoking. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 18:379-85. [PMID: 26014452 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence of social inequalities in tobacco-use has been fully recognized in the international literature. Even though cigarette and waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) are prevalent in the Arab region, the literature has not addressed the social determinants of the impending tobacco epidemic. This study examined the socioeconomic patterning of cigarette and WTS among Jordanian women. METHODS We analyzed pooled data from four waves of the Jordan Demographic and Health Surveys: 2002 (N = 5851); 2007 (N = 10 654); 2009 (N = 9879), and 2012 (N = 11 113). We specified logistic regression models to test the association between education and household wealth and the two outcome measures, cigarette and WTS, adjusting for other covariates. For each outcome, we ran time-unadjusted and time-adjusted logistic models. RESULTS Cigarette smoking prevalence among Jordanian women remained almost constant (around 10%) between 2002 and 2012. WTS prevalence steadily increased from 4.1% in 2002 to 10.2% in 2012. Increasing education predicted lower odds of cigarette smoking, whereas increasing household wealth weakly predicted higher odds. As to WTS, increasing household wealth strongly predicted higher odds of use. CONCLUSIONS Among Jordanian women, increasing education is protective against cigarette smoking. Household wealth, on the other hand, exerts a deleterious effect on both forms of tobacco consumption, particularly WTS. This pattern shows that Jordan has not fully undergone the socioeconomic crossover in tobacco prevalence which characterizes high-income countries. Future control policies should aim to decrease prevalence but also preempt increasing social inequalities in tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Jawad
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, United Kingdom; Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sawsan Abdulrahim
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Aref Daouk
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Tee GH, Hairi NN, Nordin F, Choo WY, Chan YY, Kaur G, Veerasingam PD, Bulgiba A. Systematic Review on International Practices in Controlling Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:3659-65. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.9.3659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Sterling KL, Fryer CS, Majeed B, Duong MM. Promotion of waterpipe tobacco use, its variants and accessories in young adult newspapers: a content analysis of message portrayal. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2015; 30:152-61. [PMID: 24957675 PMCID: PMC4296886 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyu035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to identify waterpipe tobacco smoking advertisements and those that promoted a range of products and accessories used to smoke waterpipe tobacco. The content of these advertisements was analyzed to understand the messages portrayed about waterpipe tobacco smoking in young adult (aged 18-30) newspapers. The study methods include monitoring of six newspapers targeting young adults from four major cities in the Southeastern United States over a 6-month period. A total of 87 advertisements were found; 73.5% (64) were distinct and content analyzed. The study results showed that of the advertisements analyzed, 25% advertised waterpipe tobacco smoking, 54.7% featured waterpipe tobacco smoking and other tobacco use, 14.1% featured non-tobacco waterpipe variants (i.e. vaporizers), and 6.3% featured waterpipe apparatus accessories (e.g. charcoal, hoses). The sociability (34%) and sensuality (29.7%) of waterpipe smoking were promoted themes. Alternative to cigarette use messages (3.1%), and harm-reduction messages (17.1%) emphasized that smoking waterpipe tobacco using the featured accessory or waterpipe variant was a healthier experience than cigarette smoking. The study concluded that the messages that promoted waterpipe tobacco smoking to young adults are parallel to those used to promote cigarette use. Tobacco control professionals should continue to monitor young adult newspapers as a source of waterpipe-related advertising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kymberle L Sterling
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavior, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA and Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2611, USA
| | - Craig S Fryer
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavior, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA and Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2611, USA
| | - Ban Majeed
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavior, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA and Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2611, USA
| | - Melissa M Duong
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavior, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA and Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2611, USA
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Akl EA, Ward KD, Bteddini D, Khaliel R, Alexander AC, Lotfi T, Alaouie H, Afifi RA. The allure of the waterpipe: a narrative review of factors affecting the epidemic rise in waterpipe smoking among young persons globally. Tob Control 2015; 24 Suppl 1:i13-i21. [PMID: 25618895 PMCID: PMC4345979 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this narrative review is to highlight the determinants of the epidemic rise in waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) among youth globally. The Ecological Model of Health Promotion (EMHP) was the guiding framework for the review. Data sources The following electronic databases were searched: Cochrane library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Search terms included waterpipe and its many variant terms. Study selection Articles were included if they were published between 1990 and 2014, were in English, were available in full text and included the age group 10–29 years. Data extraction Articles which analysed determinants of WTS at any of the levels of the EMHP were retained regardless of methodological rigour: 131 articles are included. Articles were coded in a standard template that abstracted methods as well as results. Data synthesis The review found that methodologies used to assess determinants of WTS among youth were often conventional and lacked rigor: 3/4 of the studies were cross-sectional surveys and most enrolled non-representative samples. Within the framework, the review identified determinants of WTS at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, organisational, community and policy levels. Conclusions The review suggests potential interventions to control WTS among youth, with emphasis on creative utilisation of social media, and tobacco control policies that include the specificities of WTS. The review further suggests the need for rigorous qualitative work to better contextualise determinants, and prospective observational and experimental studies that track and manipulate them to assess their viability as intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Akl
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - K D Ward
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - D Bteddini
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - R Khaliel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A C Alexander
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - T Lotfi
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - H Alaouie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - R A Afifi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Hassona Y, Scully C, Abu Ghosh M, Khoury Z, Jarrar S, Sawair F. Mouth cancer awareness and beliefs among dental patients. Int Dent J 2014; 65:15-21. [PMID: 25371164 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess the levels of awareness, knowledge about signs and risk factors of mouth (oral) cancer, and attitudes towards early diagnosis and treatment among dental outpatients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 1,200 adult outpatients attending dental clinics at the University of Jordan Hospital for dental examination and treatment were randomly selected to participate in the study. An 18-item pretested close-ended questionnaire was used for the study. Descriptive statistics were generated and chi-square tests, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Spearman's rho test were used to examine differences between groups. RESULTS Only 45.6% of the subjects had heard about oral cancer. Some 66.9% and 33.8%, respectively, were able to correctly identify tobacco and alcohol as risk factors. Some 24.1% had no knowledge about any signs of oral cancer. Male subjects, smokers, alcohol drinkers, older participants (>40 years), and participants with less than a university education were significantly less aware, and had much less knowledge, of the signs and risk factors of oral cancer (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Awareness about oral cancer among Jordanian dental outpatients is low. These dental patients, especially those in high-risk groups for mouth cancer and those of lower socio-economic status (SES), are less well informed about the signs and risk factors of oral cancer. Interventions to improve public knowledge about oral cancer and attitudes towards early diagnosis and treatment are urgently indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Hassona
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Al-Amad SH, Awad MA, Nimri O. Oral cancer in young Jordanians: potential association with frequency of narghile smoking. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:560-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abu Shomar RT, Lubbad IK, El Ansari W, Al-Khatib IA, Alharazin HJ. Smoking, awareness of smoking-associated health risks, and knowledge of national tobacco legislation in Gaza, Palestine. Cent Eur J Public Health 2014; 22:80-9. [PMID: 25230536 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess university students' extent of smoking, knowledge of smoking health risks, and awareness of existing national anti-smoking laws. METHODS Self-administered questionnaire was employed across 7 universities (1,104 students, equal proportions of males and females) located in Gaza Strip, Palestine. RESULTS About 55% of participants reported ever smoking, 31% were current cigarette smokers, and 36% were 'strictly' (only) narghile (water pipe) smokers. Mean age of smoking initiation was 17 +/- 3.15 years. Smokers had less knowledge of smoking associated health risks than nonsmokers. Students' knowledge of existing anti-smoking laws was generally low (11.3-25.5%), and significantly more smokers had knowledge about existing laws (ban of advertisement of smoking, ban of smoking in public places, and ban of selling cigarettes to minors) than non-smokers. About 81% of current smokers tried to quit smoking at least once during their life, 53% felt ready to quit smoking if cessation assistance was provided, 17% were not ready to quit, and 30% were reluctant/felt unsure if they were ready to quit. Most students (94.3%) reported that there were no smoking cessation centres in Palestine, or did not know if such centres existed. Males were associated with almost all categories of smoking (e.g. smoking both cigarettes and narghile, or smoking narghile only). CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of knowledge about the existing national anti-smoking legislation among university students in Gaza, Palestine. Smoking cessation centres also seem non-existent in Gaza. Multi-level interventions and actions are required by policy makers, educators and non-governmental agencies to prevent smoking among university students in Gaza, and to educate them on tobacco cessation counselling, on the dangers of tobacco use, and about effective stress management strategies to help them to cope with stressors. Smoking cessation interventions are required to address both cigarette and narghile use. Efforts need to be invested in ensuring compliance with legislation and for follow-up activities to enforce the anti-smoking laws through coordinated actions across ministries and departments.
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Boskabady MH, Farhang L, Mahmoodinia M, Boskabady M, Heydari GR. Prevalence of water pipe smoking in the city of Mashhad (North East of Iran) and its effect on respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function tests. Lung India 2014; 31:237-43. [PMID: 25125810 PMCID: PMC4129595 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.135763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of water pipe (WP) smoking was studied using a standard questionnaire. Pulmonary function tests were also compared between WP smokers and non-smokers. Materials and Methods: The prevalence of WP smoking was studied using a standard questionnaire. Pulmonary function tests including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal expiratory flow at 75%, 50%, and 25% of the FVC (MEF75,50,25) were compared between WP smokers and non-smokers. Results: A total of 673 individuals including 372 males and 301 females were interviewed. The number of WP smokers was 58 (8.6%) including 24 males (6.5%) and 34 females (11.3%). All pulmonary functional test (PFT) values in WP smokers were lower as compared to the non-smokers (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). The prevalence and severity of respiratory symptoms (RS) in WP smokers were higher than non-smokers (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). There were negative correlations between PFT values and positive correlation between RS and duration, rate, as well as total smoking (duration X rate) (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). Conclusion: In this study the prevalence of WP smoking in Mashhad city was evaluated for the first time. The results also showed a significant effect of WP smoking on PFT values and respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossain Boskabady
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre, and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lila Farhang
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre, and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahbobeh Mahmoodinia
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre, and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Boskabady
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre, and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Heydari
- Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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AlSwuailem AS, AlShehri MK, Al-Sadhan S. Smoking among dental students at King Saud University: Consumption patterns and risk factors. Saudi Dent J 2014; 26:88-95. [PMID: 25057228 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess smoking prevalence among dental students at King Saud University (KSU) and to determine possible risk factors of tobacco use. METHODS A self-addressed invitation letter was sent to all dental students (males and females) at KSU requesting participation in this study. Data on smoking habits, associated risk factors, and demographic factors, such as age, marital status, residency status, the student's year of study, and grade point average, were collected by an electronic self-administered questionnaire sent via email. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Significant differences between different groups were assessed with a Pearson Chi-Square test at α = 0.05. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and to determine the effect of different risk factors on students' smoking habits. RESULTS Of the 600 registered dental students, 400 students responded (230 males, 170 females), representing a response rate of 67%. More male than female students were current smokers (27.6% vs. 2.4%, p < 0.001). Most smokers used shisha tobacco only (N = 35, 51.5%), followed by both shisha tobacco and cigarettes (N = 17, 25%), or cigarettes only (N = 16, 23.5%). Male students were about 4 times more likely to be smokers if all or most of their friends were smokers compared to students who had some friends who smoked (OR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.9-7.7). A high proportion of current smokers (47.8%) reported stress as the main reason for smoking. Twenty-six percent of dental students (N = 87) who are currently nonsmokers reported that they have used tobacco at some point in their lives. Over two thirds of sampled students (63%) believed that public tobacco usage is not well addressed in the current college curriculum. CONCLUSION Approximately one in every four male dental students at KSU is a smoker. Having friends who are smokers was the most important risk factor associated with smoking. There is a general belief among dental students that public tobacco use is not well addressed in the dental college curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Salwa Al-Sadhan
- College of Dentistry-King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Aslam HM, Saleem S, German S, Qureshi WA. Harmful effects of shisha: literature review. Int Arch Med 2014; 7:16. [PMID: 24708750 PMCID: PMC4003490 DOI: 10.1186/1755-7682-7-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. A recently infamous way of smoking tobacco is shisha. Shisha smoking is also known as water pipe, hookah and Narghile smoking. The percentage of shisha smokers is on the rise rapidly spanning the globe. A literature review was conducted to identify all evidence on the epidemiological variations and health effects of shisha smoking. “Pub med” is used as a searching tool to identify all relevant empirical studies conducted worldwide. A qualitative overview of evidence is presented. Exposure to Shisha smoking is significantly associated with low infant weight, heart rate variations, hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Increased risk of carcinoma is also leagued with it including carcinomas of the pancreas and lung being at the forefront. In conclusion, this review identifies grounds of several adverse conditions being associated with the habit of shisha smoking. It also evaluates the relevant epidemiological variations around the globe. The review culminates in the importance of enlightening shisha smokers regarding its deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shafaq Saleem
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sidra German
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Kakodkar PV, Bansal SS. Hookah smoking: characteristics, behavior and perceptions of youth smokers in pune, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:4319-23. [PMID: 23991996 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.7.4319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hookah smoking has been referred to as a global tobacco epidemic by public health officials. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics, behaviour and perceptions related to hookah smoking among the youth smokers in Pune. METHODS Two hundred and eighty established hookah smokers participated in this study. Data was collected using a 29-item questionnaire, constructed using three main domains: Characteristics (socio-demographic and personal), behaviour and perceptions (about harmful effects in comparison to cigarette smoking). RESULTS The results indicated that the mean age of starting hookah smoking was 17.3 years; 75% of participants did not have parental acceptance; light-headedness, dizziness and headache were most common reported nicotine effects, post hookah smoking. Hookah smoking on a daily basis was reported by 24.6% participants. The mean time of hookah session was 1 hour and 19 minutes. 68.2% participants were reported to smoke hookah in hookah-cafes and 35.7% participants were found to share the hookah. Some 66.7% participants had no intention to quit. Most of them (71-80%) had misperception about the safety of hookah smoking over cigarette smoking and 54-82% participants were unaware of health effects. CONCLUSIONS Educational intervention is urgently needed to create awareness among the youth about the harmful effects of hookah smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradnya V Kakodkar
- Medilinkers Research Consultancy, 2Dr DY Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, India.
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Primack BA, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Switzer GE, Shensa A, Carroll MV, Azab M, Eissenberg T. The LWDS-10J: reliability and validity of the Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale among university students in Jordan. Nicotine Tob Res 2014; 16:915-22. [PMID: 24571810 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS-11) has shown promise in assessing dependence on waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) in Lebanon among adult users, it would be valuable to identify WTS addiction earlier and to explore reliability and validity of these items in other populations. METHODS In 2010-2012, we conducted a multiyear survey of 5,853 students from 4 Jordanian universities. We measured WTS, sociodemographic data, and the LWDS-11 items. We conducted exploratory factor analysis with half of the sample and confirmed the resulting model using confirmatory factor analysis with the other half. We examined construct validity with regression models assessing associations between the modified scale and 5 constructs conceptually expected to be associated with dependence. RESULTS WTS rates were 35% in the past 30 days and 56% ever. Principal-components analysis of LWDS items in the first half of the sample yielded 10 items representing 3 factors labeled physical dependence, relaxation/pleasure, and social aspects. Cronbach's α was .77 for the total scale and was .75, .70, and .67 for each individual subscale. Confirmatory factor analysis in a structural equation modeling framework confirmed good fit (root mean squared error of approximation = 0.068, and comparative fit index = 0.937). Dependence according to the resulting scale (LWDS-10J) was strongly associated with each of the 5 expected constructs, whether the dependent variable was treated as categorical or continuous. CONCLUSIONS The LWDS-11 items exhibited a different factor structure in our sample. However, the modified scale (LWDS-10J) showed promising reliability and construct validity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Primack
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University for Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University for Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Galen E Switzer
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ariel Shensa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mary V Carroll
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mohammed Azab
- Department of Community Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Thomas Eissenberg
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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Waterpipe smoking among middle and high school Jordanian students: patterns and predictors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:7068-82. [PMID: 24351734 PMCID: PMC3881154 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10127068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increase in attention to waterpipe tobacco smoking, the patterns and predictors of this method of tobacco use among Jordanian youth are not well known. The current study was conducted to assess the patterns and the predictors of waterpipe tobacco smoking among school aged students in one of Jordan's Central Governorates. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the patterns and predictors of waterpipe tobacco smoking among youth (grades 6, 8, 10 and 12). Using a multistage random sampling more than 1,000 students was selected. Data were collected using the Arabic Youth Tobacco Use Composite Measure (YTUCM). Waterpipe smoking was assessed for "past 12 months", "past month" and "past week". Students' ages ranged from 11 to 18 years, (mean age ± 14.7; SD ± 1.9 years). The percentage of girls who smoked waterpipe was greater for all frequencies of use than it was for boys. Age, gender, and belief that smoking makes more friends were predictors of smoking among study participants. This is the first known study to examine waterpipe smoking among youth aged 11 and 12. Our findings illustrate the need for public health campaigns to reach and educate youth, their families, teachers and school systems regarding the growing recognized health risks of waterpipe smoking.
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Jawad M, McEwen A, McNeill A, Shahab L. To what extent should waterpipe tobacco smoking become a public health priority? Addiction 2013; 108:1873-84. [PMID: 23863044 DOI: 10.1111/add.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) popularity is increasing world-wide, and health effects are emerging in the light of evidence that WTS is perceived by users as less harmful than cigarette smoking. However, there remains a paucity of available evidence from which to draw firm conclusions about its public health significance. AIMS This narrative review aims to summarize WTS literature to date to inform tobacco control specialists and health-care professionals about this phenomenon and help them to assess whether or not WTS should become a public health priority. METHODS Standard electronic databases as well as conference proceedings and personal libraries were searched in English, French and Arabic with inclusive terminology for the variety of names given to WTS. FINDINGS Waterpipe smoke contains significant levels of toxins, some of which are known to be carcinogenic to humans. Recent epidemiological trends have established an increasing prevalence of WTS in the Middle East and the United States, particularly among adolescents. It is used commonly across multiple ethnicities and both genders with less of a social gradient than cigarette smoking. Attitudes and beliefs have been researched widely and several reasons for believing it is less harmful than cigarette smoking include water filtration and social acceptability. A wide range of diseases have been associated with WTS, but research in this area is relatively underdeveloped and a better evidence base is needed. Worryingly, the waterpipe industry, including waterpipe cafes, operates in an almost completely unregulated market and employs deceptive marketing techniques to attract new users. CONCLUSIONS Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) appears to be on the increase, especially among younger users, and therefore represents a potential public health concern. While legislators should consider enforcing and extending existing tobacco laws to a growing WTS industry, further research is required to fill gaps in the literature and provide evidence-based interventions for tobacco control specialists and health-care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Jawad
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Askarian M, Kouchak F, Youssef M, Romito LM. Comparing Tobacco Use Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices between Engineering Students at a Public and Islamic Azad University in Shiraz, Iran 2011. Int J Prev Med 2013; 4:1154-61. [PMID: 24319555 PMCID: PMC3843302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the level of knowledge, the attitudes, and practices with regards to tobacco use between Iranian students at a public (PBU) and Islamic Azad (IAU) university. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used in this study. As the number of students at the IAU were three times greater than that of the PBU, we selected 150 students from the PBU and 450 students from the IAU using simple random sampling. A 57-item survey instrument was utilized for this study. The collected data were recorded by SPSS version 15 software and then it underwent statistical analysis using descriptive statistics and ANOVA to compare the difference between means of knowledge, attitude and practice scores. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify variables that have an independent association with students smoking and to describe possible variations in these relationships. The P value level for statistical significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS From participants, 46.8% were females, 10% of 327 students reported being daily smokers; of these, 84% were from the IAU. Totally, among the 107 smokers, 61 (57%) and 29 (27.1%) were water pipe and cigarettes smokers, respectively. Ninety-three IAU students (21.7%) and 30 PBU students (20.7%) reported smoking during the past 30 days. The mean of the knowledge items between the students of IAU was lower than PBU students. Female gender, smoking in the home, and allowing visitors to smoke in the home were significant predictors of smoking in the past 30 days in PBU, respectively. In IAU, female gender, smoking by friends, and health status were predictors for smoking in the past 30 days. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should assess the factors affecting smoking initiation, as well as effective techniques for the prevention of smoking initiation and substance abuse in Iranian adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Askarian
- Department of Community Medicine, Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Correspondence to: Prof. Mehrdad Askarian, Department of Community Medicine, Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Farideh Kouchak
- Department of Community Medicine, Student Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Moussa Youssef
- Department of Community Medicine, Student Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Akl EA, Jawad M, Lam WY, Co CN, Obeid R, Irani J. Motives, beliefs and attitudes towards waterpipe tobacco smoking: a systematic review. Harm Reduct J 2013; 10:12. [PMID: 23816366 PMCID: PMC3706388 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7517-10-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In spite of the negative health effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking, its use is becoming more common. The objective of this study is to systematically review the medical literature for motives, beliefs and attitudes towards waterpipe tobacco smoking. Methods We electronically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the ISI the Web of Science in January 2012. We included both quantitative and qualitative studies. We selected studies and abstracted data using standard systematic review methodology. We synthesized data qualitatively. Results We included 58 papers reporting on 56 studies. The main motives for waterpipe tobacco smoking were socializing, relaxation, pleasure and entertainment. Peer pressure, fashion, and curiosity were additional motives for university and school students while expression of cultural identity was an additional motive for people in the Middle East and for people of Middle Eastern descent in Western countries. Awareness of the potential health hazards of waterpipe smoking was common across settings. Most but not all studies found that the majority of people perceived waterpipe smoking as less harmful than cigarette smoking. Waterpipe smoking was generally socially acceptable and more acceptable than cigarette smoking in general. In Middle Eastern societies, it was particularly more acceptable for women’s use compared to cigarette use. A majority perceived waterpipe smoking as less addictive than cigarette smoking. While users were confident in their ability to quit waterpipe smoking at any time, willingness to quit varied across settings. Conclusions Socializing, relaxation, pleasure and entertainment were the main motives for waterpipe use. While waterpipe users were aware of the health hazards of waterpipe smoking, they perceived it as less harmful, less addictive and more socially acceptable than cigarette smoking and were confident about their ability to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie A Akl
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo ECMC-DKM C216, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA.
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Al-Naggar RA, Bobryshev YV. Shisha smoking and associated factors among medical students in Malaysia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:5627-32. [PMID: 23317228 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.11.5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of shisha smoking and associated factors among medical students in Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Management and Science University from December 2011 until March 2012. The questionnaire consisted of five sections including socio-demographic, social environment, knowledge about shisha, psychosocial factors, and personal shisha smoking behavior. Obtained data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 13). T-test was used to determine the relationships between shisha smoking and socio-demographic characteristic. RESULTS A total number of 300 medical students participated in this study. Mean age was 22.5±2.5 years. The majority were female, Malay, single, from urban areas (67%, 54%, 97%, 73%; respectively). The prevalence of shisha smoking among medical students was found to be 20%. The study revealed that many students believed that shisha does not contains nicotine, carbon monoxide, does not lead to lung cancer, dental problems and does not lead to cardiovascular diseases (25%, 20.7%, 22.3%, 29%, 26.7%; respectively). Age and sex were found to be significantly associated with smoking shisha status among medical students (p=0.029, p<0.001; respectively). Furthermore, having parents, siblings and friends smokers of shisha were found to be significantly associated with shisha smoking status (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001; respectively). Furthermore, family problems, problems with friends, financial problems and university life were found to significantly associated with shisha smoking status among medical students (p<0.001, p=0.002, p<0.001, p=0.002; respectively). CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of shisha smoking and a poor knowledge about its impact on health among medical students. More attention is needed to focus on medical education in this regard. The policies that are currently employed in order to reduce the cigarettes smoking should be applied to shisha smoking and shisha products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redhwan A Al-Naggar
- Community Medicine Department, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
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Mixed methods pilot study of sharing behaviors among waterpipe smokers of rural Lao PDR: implications for infectious disease transmission. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:2120-32. [PMID: 23708049 PMCID: PMC3717727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10062120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To date, the sharing behaviors associated with the homemade tobacco waterpipe used in rural areas of the Western Pacific Region have not been studied. Evidence from studies of manufactured waterpipes raises the possibility of infectious disease transmission due to waterpipe sharing. The objective of our pilot study in rural Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) was to identify and measure the prevalence of waterpipe sharing behaviors. We first conducted ethnographic studies to investigate waterpipe-smoking behaviors. These findings were then used to develop an interviewer-administered household survey that was used in a sampling of waterpipe smokers from three villages of the Luang Namtha province of Lao PDR (n = 43). Sampled waterpipe smokers were predominantly male (90.7%), older (mean age 49, SD 13.79), married (95.4%), farmers (78.6%), and had completed no primary education. Pipes were primarily made from bamboo (92.9%). Almost all (97.6%) smokers were willing to share their pipe with others. At the last time they smoked, smokers shared a pipe with at least one other person (1.2 ± 0.5 persons). During the past week, they had shared a pipe with five other persons (5.2 ± 3.8 persons). The high prevalence of sharing behaviors among waterpipe smokers in rural Southeast Asia raises the possibility that this behavior provides important and unmeasured social network pathways for the transmission of infectious agents.
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