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Thai H, Audet ÉC, Koestner R, Lepage M, O'Driscoll GA. The role of motivation in clinical presentation, treatment engagement and response in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 113:102471. [PMID: 39111125 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia, a debilitating psychiatric disorder, has a long-term impact on social and occupational functioning. While negative symptoms, notably amotivation, are recognized as poor prognostic factors, the positive force of patient motivation (autonomous motivation) remains underexplored. This systematic review, guided by Self-Determination Theory (SDT), investigated the impact of motivation on clinical presentation, and treatment engagement and response in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Fifty-five independent studies (N = 6897), using 23 different motivation scales, met inclusion criteria. Results were categorized into cross-sectional and longitudinal correlates of autonomous motivation, and the effects of motivational interventions. Cross-sectionally, autonomous motivation was positively associated with social/occupational functioning, and negatively associated with negative and positive symptom severity. In longitudinal studies, baseline autonomous motivation predicted engagement in and response to social/occupational treatments, with mixed results in cognitive interventions. In the 16 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the most common motivational interventions were individualized goal setting and goal attainment support, followed by increasing sense of competence by challenging defeatist beliefs, and enhancing relatedness by increasing contact time. Motivational interventions consistently increased autonomous motivation, treatment engagement and response. More studies are needed, particularly studies that monitor motivation during treatment: proximal assessments could facilitate the identification of treatment elements that impact motivation and engagement and inform treatment modifications to enhance the patient experience and improve treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Thai
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Élodie C Audet
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Richard Koestner
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Martin Lepage
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Gillian A O'Driscoll
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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2
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Flaudias V, Pires S, Martinot D, Boudoukha AH, Damase E, Mondillon L, Llorca PM, Silvert L. Anorexia nervosa: Enhancing motivation to change with self-determination theory. L'ENCEPHALE 2024; 50:573-577. [PMID: 38311480 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Motivational deficits (little or no motivation to change) are often reported in patients with eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa. The motivational approaches frequently used by French clinicians rely solely on a dichotomous view of motivation (intrinsic vs. extrinsic). In self-determination theory, certain forms of extrinsic motivation can strengthen an individual's commitment to an activity, providing they are self-determined. This theory therefore extends and enriches the dual motivational approach by highlighting potentially useful forms of extrinsic motivation and by emphasizing the importance of behavioral regulation. Empirical work is now needed to assess how clinicians can use self-determination theory to enhance motivation to change among patients with anorexia nervosa and encourage their adherence to care management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Flaudias
- Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL), UR 4638, université d'Angers, Nantes université, chemin de la Censive-du-Tertre, 44300 Nantes, France; Department of Psychiatry, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Sylvie Pires
- CRIAVS AURA, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Delphine Martinot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Abdel-Halim Boudoukha
- Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL), UR 4638, université d'Angers, Nantes université, chemin de la Censive-du-Tertre, 44300 Nantes, France
| | | | - Laurie Mondillon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, Clermont-Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, University of Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laetitia Silvert
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Pang Y, Zhao J, Han J, Jing Y, Chen H. Effect of food stimuli presentation on restrained eater's food choice: an ERP study. Physiol Behav 2024:114704. [PMID: 39353500 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Restrained eaters are individuals who consciously follow a limited food intake diet to lose or maintain body weight. With the rising numbers of obesity cases, retrained eating has became more prevalent as more people adopt it to cope with obesity. The dual conflict theory states that restrained eaters often encounter conflicting choices of food pleasure and weight management. The present study investigated the difference in food choice regarding different presentations of the weight management goal. The study hypothesized difference in successful and unsuccessful restrained eaters' food choice when presented with the conflicting food/weight maintenance stimuli. A total of 49 college students participated in the study and the N2, P3 and LPP event-related potentials (ERPs) were investigated during a food choice task. Results showed that the reaction time in unsuccessful restrained eaters (UREs) were greater than successful restrained eaters (SREs). The ERP results showed that SREs exhibited smaller N2 and greater P3 amplitudes than UREs, however, we did not find a difference in LPP amplitudes between the two groups. The findings suggest that the UREs demonstrated greater sensitivity and smaller inhibition to food cues, while we do not have supports for a difference in motivational and emotional salience. This is the first study that investigated the food choice of SREs and UREs when faced with different presentations of conflicting goals, which enriches the theoretical model and provides neural correlates evidence for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Xuemeng Zhang
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, 401331, China
| | - Yazhi Pang
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jinfeng Han
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuanluo Jing
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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4
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Leget DL, LaCaille LJ, Hooker SA, LaCaille RA, Lauritsen MW. Applying self-determination theory to internalized weight stigma and mental health correlates among young and middle adult women: A structural equation model. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241248283. [PMID: 38679895 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241248283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Limited research has explored the relationship between self-determination theory constructs (basic psychological needs, autonomous/controlled regulation) and internalized weight stigma (IWS). This cross-sectional, online study surveyed 480 U.S. women aged 18-40 between 2021 and 2022. We hypothesized that need frustration and controlled weight regulation would relate to higher IWS, which would be associated with dysfunctional eating, distress, and lower life satisfaction. Conversely, we predicted that need satisfaction, autonomous regulation, and body satisfaction would be associated with reduced IWS, dysfunctional eating and distress, and higher life satisfaction. Structural equation modeling demonstrated an acceptable model fit (CMIN/DF = 2.95, CFI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.07), accounting for 74% of IWS variance. Findings indicate the relevance of self-determination theory in understanding IWS, supporting a dual-process model whereby adverse and adaptive outcomes follow distinct pathways. Longitudinal studies are warranted to validate psychological needs and regulatory styles as mechanisms for IWS development and to assess generalizability across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota L Leget
- University of Minnesota Duluth, USA
- University of Florida, USA
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Carraça EV, Nunes CL, Santos I, Finlayson G, Silva AM. Food reward associations with motivational eating behavior traits and body mass index in Portuguese former elite athletes. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2336-2345. [PMID: 37968966 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motivational eating behavior traits (i.e. eating motivations and intuitive eating) have an important role in body weight regulation, as do food reward processes. Their associations might help explain different responses to food stimulus in the current environment but have never been explored. This study's primary goal was to investigate food reward associations with eating motivations, intuitive eating dimensions and body mass index in former Portuguese elite athletes with overweight/obesity. As a first step, a cultural adaptation of the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire (LFPQ) was created and validated in an online-surveyed Portuguese sample. RESULTS Step 1: Analysis from an online survey (N = 348; 69.8% female) conducted to validate the food images from the cultural adaptation of the LFPQ showed that most food images were properly recognized in terms of their fat and sweet content by the Portuguese population, except for some savory items. Step 2: Regarding our primary analysis in 94 former elite athletes with overweight/obesity, self-determined motivations to regulate eating and (to a lower extent) more body-food congruent choices (both markers for healthier eating behaviors) were associated with more favorable food reward outcomes, as opposed to non-self-determined motivations. Less emotional (more intuitive) eaters presented higher implicit wanting for low-fat sweet foods compared to more emotional eaters. CONCLUSION These findings suggest LFPQ usefulness to evaluate food preferences and detect relevant associations between food reward and motivational eating behavior traits in former elite athletes with overweight/obesity. Health professionals are encouraged to create need-supportive environments that foster self-determined motivations and help individuals make healthier food choices. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana V Carraça
- Centro de Investigação em Educação Física, Desporto, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina L Nunes
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Santos
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Reid Ms MP, Dautovich PhD ND. The motivation behind better sleep: self-determination as a framework for examining sleep outcomes in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2538-2549. [PMID: 34788563 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1978460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine sleep health within a self-determination framework across a diverse college sample. PARTICIPANTS A nonclinical sample of undergraduate students (n = 399) from a large, urban, public university in the Mid-Atlantic United States in Spring 2020. METHODS Participants were recruited via an online research participation portal and received extra credit for participation. All measures were administered via an online survey. RESULTS Basic psychological need satisfaction was associated with sleep health. This association was partially mediated by sleep hygiene but not by regulatory style. There were no racial/ethnic differences in sleep health, sleep hygiene, basic need satisfaction, or regulatory style. Men reported more maladaptive motivational styles for sleep health, and non-binary/transgender students reported worse sleep hygiene. CONCLUSION Basic psychological need satisfaction and sleep hygiene are critical targets for intervention across diverse college student populations. Motivation may be less critical for nonclinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan P Reid Ms
- Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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7
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Hagfors H, Vuorinen I, Savolainen I, Oksanen A. A longitudinal study of gambling motives, problem gambling and need frustration. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107733. [PMID: 37119715 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Gambling motives are an important element in understanding the development of problem gambling, yet most of the recent studies investigating their role in problem gambling have been cross-sectional. This study analyzed the links between gambling motives and problem gambling using a longitudinal study design. The moderating effect of the frustration of basic psychological needs was also assessed. The study sample with 1,022 participants (48.43% female, Mage = 49.50 years) was surveyed at three timepoints (T1-T3) in 6-month intervals. The Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) was used to measure problem gambling and need frustration was assessed with The Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS). The data were analyzed using a multilevel mixed-effects regression model where PGSI was the outcome variable. Gambling motives and need frustration were the predictors while psychological distress (measured with the 5-Item Mental Health Inventory, MHI-5), offshore/onshore online gambling, and socio-demographic factors were used as control variables. All the motives predicted problem gambling individually over time. In contrast, motives to escape, to win money, and to compete along with need frustration predicted problem gambling over time in the full model. In addition, money motive and need frustration had an interaction effect so that higher need frustration combined with money motive predicted more severe gambling problems. The results of this study provide a valuable longitudinal perspective on gambling motives, frustration of basic psychological needs, and gambling problems which can be used to develop and improve treatment efforts and programs of problem gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Hagfors
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland.
| | - Ilkka Vuorinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland.
| | - Iina Savolainen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland.
| | - Atte Oksanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland.
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Wirnitzer K, Tanous D, Motevalli M, Raschner C, Wagner KH, Wirnitzer G, Leitzmann C, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Training Behaviors and Periodization Outline of Omnivorous, Vegetarian, and Vegan Recreational Runners (Part A)-Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2). Nutrients 2023; 15:1796. [PMID: 37049635 PMCID: PMC10096545 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Runners train for long-distance competitions based on underlying motivations, which may be similar to individual dietary motivations (e.g., well-being and performance). Fundamental training differences may arise in recreational runners following different diet types (omnivore, vegetarian, vegan) considering possible motive variations. Following a cross-sectional design, distance runners completed a survey (online), including a thorough assessment of training behaviors with generic training details and periodization specifics in three phases: 1. an intermediary and rebound stage, 2. a main preparatory stage, and 3. a main event stage (tapering or interim event level/s). Kruskal-Wallis and chi-squared tests were used in the statistical analysis. A total of 245 fit recreational runners following omnivore (n = 109), vegetarian (n = 45), and vegan diets (n = 91) were included. Significant differences in the initial running motivation were found across dietary subgroups (p = 0.033) as well as for current motivations (p = 0.038), with vegetarians being the least health motivated (27% and 9%, respectively). No differences in each of the specific periods were found between diet types across the outline (p > 0.05). The present evidence shows that there is a lack of fundamental training differences based on recreational runners following different generic types of diets. The results of the present investigation may be especially relevant for future studies on safety, sustainability, and performance-enhancing dietary practices among athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wirnitzer
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, 6010 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Center Medical Humanities, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Derrick Tanous
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, 6010 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mohamad Motevalli
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, 6010 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Raschner
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Claus Leitzmann
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Gießen, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen, Am Vadianplatz, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Guertin C, Pelletier L. Motivational dynamics in the prediction of self-regulation strategies for the quality and quantity of eating, eating behaviors, and life satisfaction: A longitudinal investigation. Food Qual Prefer 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2023.104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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10
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Maillet MA, Grouzet FME. Understanding changes in eating behavior during the transition to university from a self-determination theory perspective: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:422-439. [PMID: 34292133 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1891922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to understand how and why eating behavior changes during the transition to university, and interpret findings from a self-determination theory perspective (Ryan & Deci, 2000). Methods: We searched six databases and identified 51 articles with findings involving changes in eating behavior during the transition to university. Results: During this transition, students eat less food, less healthy, and less regularly. These changes are mostly among students who move into a university residence or off-campus housing, with few changes in eating behavior among students who continue living at home. Yet, incoming students with food skills and experience living independently seem less likely to experience these changes. Conclusions: The university context offers challenges to eating healthy. Students' satisfaction of psychological needs may explain observed changes in habits, self-regulation, and motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles A Maillet
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Youth and Society, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Frederick M E Grouzet
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Youth and Society, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Jerónimo F, Carraça EV. Effects of fitspiration content on body image: a systematic review. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:3017-3035. [PMID: 36401082 PMCID: PMC9676749 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fitspiration (also known as "fitspo") aims to inspire individuals to exercise and have healthy habits, but emerging research indicates that exposure to it can have a negative impact on body image. This study aims to analyze the relationship between individuals' exposure to fitspiration content and body image measures or associated variables (e.g., appearance comparison). MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed papers published in English between 2000 and August 2022 was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO and Google Scholar, based on the PICOS model. To be included, studies had to analyze the relationship between exposure to fitspiration content (I) and body image or associated variables (O) in adolescents and adults (P). Study methodological quality was assessed using an adaptation of the EPHPP Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Outcome data were synthesized narratively and by vote counting. RESULTS Twenty articles met the eligibility criteria and were included. Nineteen studies analyzed the relationship between fitspiration and body image, twelve analyzed the association between exposure to fitspiration and physical appearance comparison tendencies, and nine analyzed the association between fitspiration content and mood. One study analyzed the association between frequency of viewing fitspiration content and motives for exercise. Results showed that exposure to "fitspiration" increased individuals' body dissatisfaction, physical appearance comparisons, and negative mood, especially in younger populations. CONCLUSIONS Fitspiration has been seen as a new and prolific digital trend, considered beneficial for health. However, our results showed that fitspo is associated with negative body image, especially in younger populations that are more exposed to this content. Most of the studies were conducted in females and young age participants, which limits the extrapolation of results by gender and age. Future studies are needed to confirm and extend these findings. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 1, Systematic Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Jerónimo
- Faculdade de Educação Física E Desporto, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades E Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Eliana Veiga Carraça
- CIDEFES, Faculdade de Educação Física E Desporto, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades E Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
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12
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Kay MC, Miller HN, Askew S, Spaulding EM, Chisholm M, Christy J, Yang Q, Steinberg DM. Patterns of Engagement With an Application-Based Dietary Self-Monitoring Tool Within a Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial. AJPM FOCUS 2022; 1:100037. [PMID: 37791242 PMCID: PMC10546506 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2022.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary pattern is a proven way to manage hypertension, but adherence remains low. Dietary tracking applications offer a highly disseminable way to self-monitor intake on the pathway to reaching dietary goals but require consistent engagement to support behavior change. Few studies use longitudinal dietary self-monitoring data to assess trajectories and predictors of engagement. We used dietary self-monitoring data from participants in Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Cloud (N=59), a feasibility trial to improve diet quality among women with hypertension, to identify trajectories of engagement and explore associations between participant characteristics. Methods We used latent class growth modeling to identify trajectories of engagement with a publicly available diet tracking application and used bivariate and regression analyses to assess the associations of classifications of engagement with participant characteristics. Results We identified 2 latent classes of engagement: consistent engagers and disengagers. Consistent engagers were more likely to be older, more educated, and married or living with a partner. Although consistent engagers exhibited slightly greater changes in Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score, the difference was not significant. Conclusions This study highlights an important yet underutilized methodologic approach for uncovering dietary self-monitoring engagement patterns. Understanding how certain individuals engage with digital technologies is an important step toward designing cost-effective behavior change interventions. Trial registration This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT03215472.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C. Kay
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Global Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hailey N. Miller
- Duke Global Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sandy Askew
- Duke Global Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Erin M. Spaulding
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Digital Health Innovation Laboratory, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Miriam Chisholm
- Duke Global Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jacob Christy
- Duke Global Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Medable, Inc., Palo Alto, California
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dori M. Steinberg
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Equip Health, Inc., Carlsbad, California
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Basic psychological need frustration and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: Testing a moderated mediation model of depression and self-compassion. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Zwierczyk U, Sowada C, Duplaga M. Eating Choices—The Roles of Motivation and Health Literacy: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194026. [PMID: 36235678 PMCID: PMC9573739 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Food choices are determined by intrinsic and extrinsic product characteristics, biological and physiological features, psychological factors, and situational and socio-cultural factors. Self-determination theory offers the explanation of health behavior change identifying motivations located along a continuum of autonomy. Another approach to the motivations guiding health behaviors, including food choices, relies on distinguishing thematic categories. Health motivations seem to be an obvious determinant of health behaviors, but final decisions regarding health are also the effect of other types of motivations such as economic, cultural, or emotional. The role of marketing pressure in modern society is perceived to be an important source of motivation for purchasing food and other products. The Motivation–Opportunity–Ability (MOA) framework was initially proposed in order to explain the processing of brand information from advertisements and was later expanded to other areas, including health and nutritional behaviors. The aim of this study was the analysis of determinants of food choices. We have developed a common regression model including six categories of motivations addressed by the Eating Motivations Scale and three health literacy types corresponding with element of ability from the MOA framework, adjusted for socio-demographic factors, health status, and the use of the Internet and TV. The analysis was performed on data from a computer-assisted web-based interviewing (CAWI) survey among 2008 adult Internet users completed in May 2022. The uni- and multivariate linear regression models were developed with the Index of Unhealthy Food Choices (IUFC), calculated based on the responses to items asking about the frequency of the consumption of twelve food categories. Univariate modeling revealed that IUFC is significantly associated with health, food, and e-health literacies and with five out of six eating motivations. However, the multivariate regression model yielded significant associations only for eating motivations but not for the three literacy scores. Health motivation was negatively associated with IUFC (B, standard error (SE): 0.83, 0.07; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.98–0.69), but positively with emotional (B, SE: 0.22, 0.04; 95% CI: 0.14–0.3), economic (B, SE: 0.41, 0.08; 95% CI: 0.25–0.56), and marketing (B, SE: 0.62, 0.08; 95% CI: 0.47–0.78) motivations. Our findings suggest that motivations guiding food choices may prevail over the element of ‘ability’ distinguished in the frameworks and models that explain people’s behaviors, including behaviors relating to health. Thus, it is essential to emphasize development of appropriate motivations and not only to provide knowledge and skills. Furthermore, one should also remember motivations other than health motivations when searching for the determinants of health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Zwierczyk
- Department of Health Promotion and e-Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska Str. 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Christoph Sowada
- Department of Health Economics and Social Security, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska Str. 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Duplaga
- Department of Health Promotion and e-Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska Str. 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Martinez M, Salazar-Collier CL, Pena J, Wilkinson AV, Chavarria EA, Reininger BM. Motivation for weight loss among completers of a free community-based weight loss program in a US-Mexico border region: A self-determination theory perspective. Front Public Health 2022; 10:652271. [PMID: 36203664 PMCID: PMC9530817 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.652271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the perceptions and motivation for weight loss among participants who completed a free community-based weight loss program in a predominantly Hispanic and low-income region along the US-Mexico border using a Self-Determination Theory (SDT) perspective. This manuscript is timely as qualitative research on the effect of motivation as a factor in behavioral interventions to reduce overweight or obesity is currently lacking. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants (80%, n = 16 female) who completed a community weight-loss intervention to assess motivation for weight loss and participating, and the role of social support and self-efficacy in weight loss. Directed content analysis was used with SDT guiding the questions and subsequent theme analysis. The findings communicate perspectives of participants relevant to 8 prominent themes. The regulation types and constructs related to SDT included: non-regulation, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrated regulation, and intrinsic regulation as well as competence and relatedness. Participants mentioned external sources of motivation, such as wanting to improve their physical appearance, and motivation due to financial incentives. Fewer participants reported intrinsic motivators, which the literature suggests are more likely to create lasting change and improved health behaviors. Understanding the motivation for behavior change and completion of weight loss programs is essential to help participants reach their goals effectively and sustain weight loss. A greater emphasis during weight loss programs on the motives for individuals to lose weight may help improve outcomes in weight-loss interventions. Additionally, increasing strategies targeted at enhancing intrinsic motivation for weight loss may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Martinez
- Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Cindy L. Salazar-Collier
- College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Cindy L. Salazar-Collier
| | - Jessica Pena
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anna V. Wilkinson
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Belinda M. Reininger
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Leclerc AM, Boulanger M, Miquelon P, Rivard MC. First Nations Peoples' Eating and Physical Activity Behaviors in Urban Areas: A Mixed-Methods Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10390. [PMID: 36012023 PMCID: PMC9407990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The dietary transition from traditional to commercial foods and a decrease in physical activity (PA) have impacted the health of the First Nations people of Quebec (Canada), resulting in many suffering from multiple chronic diseases. This study had two objectives: (1) to examine eating and PA behaviors among First Nations peoples in urban areas and (2) to explore the associated health representations. To achieve these objectives, a mixed-methods approach, including a questionnaire (n = 32) and a semi-structured interview (n = 14), was used to explore the participants' lifestyle profiles and health experiences. The questionnaire focused on the eating and PA behaviors of First Nations people and their underlying motivations. At the same time, the interviews investigated their health views on diet and PA behaviors based on the conceptual framework of health and its determinants. According to the participants, health is the autonomy to live without pain by maintaining a balance between physical and psychological aspects, eating healthy and exercising. Family and work influence participants' PA and eating behaviors. Exploring First Nations people's beliefs and perceptions and the motivations underlying their health behaviors could help encourage the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle despite multiple chronic health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Leclerc
- Department of Nursing, Université du Quebec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Maude Boulanger
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Quebec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Paule Miquelon
- Department of Psychology, Université du Quebec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Rivard
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Quebec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
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Baldwin JN, Haslam RL, Clarke E, Attia J, Hutchesson MJ, Rollo ME, Callister R, Burrows T, Truby H, McCaffrey TA, Hides L, Bonevski B, Kerr DA, Kirkpatrick SI, Collins CE. Eating Behaviors and Diet Quality: A National Survey of Australian Young Adults. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:397-405. [PMID: 35534098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between eating behavior constructs (social eating, perceived competence, habit automaticity, self-determined motivation) and diet quality among young adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. PARTICIPANTS Young adults (n = 1,005; mean age, 21.7 ± 2.0 years; 85% female) enrolled in the Advice, Ideas, and Motivation for My Eating (Aim4Me) study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Four eating behavior measures collected via online surveys: Social Eating Scale, Perceived Competence in Healthy Eating Scale, Self-Report Behavioral Automaticity Index, and Regulation of Eating Behaviors scales. Diet quality was assessed using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) and percentage energy from energy-dense, nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods. ANALYSIS Multivariate linear regression investigating associations between eating behavior measures (independent variables) and ARFS and EDNP foods (dependent variables), adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle confounders. RESULTS Greater perceived competence in healthy eating and behavioral automaticity for consuming healthy foods, limiting EDNP food intake, and higher intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, and identified regulation of eating behaviors were associated with higher ARFS and lower percentage energy EDNP foods (P < 0.001). Greater self-reported social influence on eating behaviors was associated with higher ARFS (P = 0.01). Higher amotivation was associated with greater % energy from EDNP foods (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Perceived competence, habit automaticity, and self-determined motivation are determinants of diet quality in young adults. These findings support the development of interventions that promote healthy eating habits by focusing on eating behavior constructs and evaluating their use in improving diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Baldwin
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Haslam
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Erin Clarke
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Melinda J Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Megan E Rollo
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Robin Callister
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Tracy Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Helen Truby
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane Australia
| | - Tracy A McCaffrey
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Billie Bonevski
- Discipline of Public Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia
| | - Deborah A Kerr
- Curtin School of Population Health and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sharon I Kirkpatrick
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON. Canada
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
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18
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Bouwman EP, Reinders MJ, Galama J, Verain MCD. The Impact of Both Individual and Contextual Factors on the Acceptance of Personalized Dietary Advice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091866. [PMID: 35565833 PMCID: PMC9104918 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of the current study is to investigate which between- and within-person factors influence the acceptance of personalized dietary advice. (2) Methods: A repeated measurements design was used in which 343 participants (M (SD) age = 48 (17.3), 49% female) filled out a baseline survey and started with nine repeated surveys. (3) Results: The results show that the acceptance of personalized dietary advice is influenced by both within-person and between-person factors. The acceptance is higher at lunch compared to breakfast and dinner, higher at home than out of home, higher at moments when individuals have a high intention to eat healthily, find weight control an important food choice motive and have a high healthy-eating self-efficacy. Moreover, the acceptance is higher when individuals do not see the eating context as a barrier and when individuals believe that personalized dietary advice has more benefits than risks. (4) Conclusions: Future behavioral interventions that use personalized dietary advice should consider the context as well as individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P. Bouwman
- Consumer and Chain, Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.J.R.); (J.G.); (M.C.D.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Machiel J. Reinders
- Consumer and Chain, Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.J.R.); (J.G.); (M.C.D.V.)
| | - Joris Galama
- Consumer and Chain, Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.J.R.); (J.G.); (M.C.D.V.)
- Academy of Communication & Creative Business, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, 8917 DD Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel C. D. Verain
- Consumer and Chain, Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.J.R.); (J.G.); (M.C.D.V.)
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Sevild CH, Niemiec CP, Dyrstad SM, Bru LE. Motivation and Lifestyle-Related Changes among Participants in a Healthy Life Centre: A 12-Month Observational Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095167. [PMID: 35564565 PMCID: PMC9105960 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Healthy Life Centers (HLCs) have been established throughout Norway to support lifestyle changes and promote physical and mental health. We conducted a 12-month observational study among participants in an HLC that aimed to improve physical activity (PA) and dietary behaviors, and this study examined predictors of completion, and changes in psychological variables, lifestyle behaviors, and physical health indicators. The participants (N = 120, 71% female, mean age = 44 years) reported symptoms of psychological distress (77%) and were obese (77%). No baseline characteristics were found to be consistent predictors of completion (42%). Completers had significant improvements in autonomous motivation for PA (d = 0.89), perceived competence for PA (d = 1.64) and diet (d = 0.66), psychological distress (d = 0.71), fruit intake (d = 0.64), vegetable intake (d = 0.38), BMI among all participants (d = 0.21) and obese participants (d = 0.34), body fat percentage among all participants (d = 0.22) and obese participants (d = 0.33), and lower body strength (d = 0.91). Fat-free mass and all forms of PA remained unchanged from baseline to 12 months. Hence, there were indications of improvement among completers on psychological variables, lifestyle behaviors, and physical health indicators. The low rate of completion was a concern, and the unchanged levels of PA reflect an important area of focus for future interventions in the context of HLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cille H. Sevild
- Department of Public Health, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway; (C.P.N.); (S.M.D.)
- Research Unit, Centre for Health Promotion, 4068 Stavanger, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Christopher P. Niemiec
- Department of Public Health, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway; (C.P.N.); (S.M.D.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Centre for Learning Environment, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway;
| | - Sindre M. Dyrstad
- Department of Public Health, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway; (C.P.N.); (S.M.D.)
- Department of Education and Sport Science, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lars Edvin Bru
- Centre for Learning Environment, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway;
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20
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Coumans JM, Bolman CA, Oenema A, Lechner L. The effects of a web-based computer-tailored diet and physical activity intervention based on self-determination theory and motivational interviewing: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv 2022; 28:100537. [PMID: 35509808 PMCID: PMC9058957 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2022.100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to self-determination theory (SDT), autonomous forms of motivation are more likely to result in sustained behavioral changes than controlled forms. Principles of motivational interviewing (MI) can be applied to facilitate more autonomous forms of motivation. This study investigated whether a combined diet and physical activity (PA) web-based computer-tailored intervention based on SDT and MI, called MyLifestyleCoach, was effective in promoting dietary and PA behaviors. METHODS A two-arm randomized controlled trial with 1142 Dutch adults was conducted. The intervention and control group completed questionnaires at baseline, 6, and 12 months from baseline. Only participants in the intervention condition had access to MyLifestyleCoach. The waiting list control condition had access to the intervention after completing the 12-month follow-up questionnaire. A modified food frequency questionnaire was used to measure dietary behaviors (fruit, vegetables, fish, and unhealthy snacks). The Dutch Short Questionnaire to ASsess Health was used to measure the weekly minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Usage data, which is operationalized as completed sessions in this study, was objectively assessed by log data. We conducted two-step linear mixed effect models. In the first step, a model consisting of condition, time, potentially confounding variables and a random intercept for participants was tested. In the second step, an interaction term was added to investigate the intervention's (time × condition) and usage (time × opening session and time × completed sessions) effects over time for the dietary and PA outcomes. RESULTS The findings showed no differences between the groups for all four dietary behaviors and the weekly minutes of MVPA at any of the time points. In-depth analyses showed that participants who followed the opening session of the intervention, in which they received personalized feedback on their behaviors, had a stronger increase in fruit consumption at 6 months and 12 months than participants who did not follow the interventions' opening session. Lastly, participants who followed more sessions in the diet module had a stronger increase in fruit and vegetable consumption at 6 months, and a stronger decrease in the consumption frequency of unhealthy snacks at 12 months post-baseline. CONCLUSION Overall, the intervention was not effective in changing dietary and PA behavior. However, moderation analyses suggest that the intervention is effective in changing dietary behavior for those participants who used the intervention more intensively. Further research should focus on improving intervention use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juul M.J. Coumans
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, the Netherlands,Corresponding author at: Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Valkenburgerweg 177, 6419 AT Heerlen, the Netherlands.
| | - Catherine A.W. Bolman
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Oenema
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lilian Lechner
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, the Netherlands
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Healthy and unhealthy eating after a behaviour change intervention in primary care. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2022; 23:e23. [PMID: 35357281 PMCID: PMC8991859 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423622000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To prevent and reduce non-communicable diseases, the Norwegian Directorate of Health encourages Healthy Life Centres (HLCs) in all municipalities. AIMS This study investigates whether the behaviour change interventions at HLCs positively affected participants' diet and to evaluate predictors for healthy and unhealthy eating. Our data are part of the Norwegian Healthy Life Centre Study, a 6-month, pragmatic randomised controlled trial (RCT). METHODS Totally, 118 participants ≥18 years old were randomised to an intervention group (n 57), or a waiting list (control group) (n 61). Eighty-six participants met at the 6 months follow-up visit. We merged the participants to one cohort for predictor analyses, using linear regressions. FINDINGS The RCT of the HLCs' interventions had no effect on healthy and unhealthy eating 6 months after baseline compared with controls. A short, additional healthy eating education programme produced a modest, statistically significant improvement in healthy eating compared with controls. This did not, however, reduce unhealthy eating. Higher income predicted unhealthier eating over time. Increasing body mass index and impaired physical functioning also led to an increase in unhealthy eating. Healthy eating at 6 months was predicted by self-rated health (SRH), vitality and life satisfaction, and hampered by musculo-skeletal challenges and impaired self-esteem (SE). SRH impacted improvement in healthy eating during the 6 months. The effect of interventions on healthier eating may be improved by an emphasis on developing positive self-concepts like better SRH, vitality, life satisfaction, and SE.
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22
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Price J, Brunet J. Understanding rural-living young adult cancer survivors' motivation during a telehealth behavior change intervention within a single-arm feasibility trial. Health Informatics J 2022; 28:14604582221075560. [PMID: 35176882 DOI: 10.1177/14604582221075560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A single-arm feasibility trial was conducted to explore rural-living young adult cancer survivors' physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and motivational processes underlying any behavior changes during a telehealth behavior change intervention grounded in self-determination theory. Participants (n = 7; 85.7% female; Mage = 33.9, range = 28-37) met with a health coach once a week for 60 min for 12 weeks. Participants completed pre- and post-intervention surveys that assessed their behaviors, basic psychological needs satisfaction, and behavioral regulations. Participants also completed a semi-structured interview post-intervention. Quantitative results indicate behavioral outcomes, basic psychological needs satisfaction, and behavioral regulations increased from pre- to post-intervention. Five themes provide context for the observed increases. Results provide preliminary evidence that motivation for physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption may be facilitated by a one-on-one telehealth intervention among rural-living young adult cancer survivors. Large scale studies are needed to determine effectiveness of the intervention and identify mechanisms underpinning behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenson Price
- School of Human Kinetics, 6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Brunet
- School of Human Kinetics, 6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Cancer Therapeutic Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, the Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Institut du savoir Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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23
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Marshall TE, Thomas KS, Weinstein N, Vanderwert RE. Disordered eating behaviours and basic psychological need satisfaction: the mediating role of anxiety symptoms in preadolescents. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022; 34:42-52. [PMID: 38504657 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2023.2277763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Objective: According to self-determination theory, satisfied basic psychological needs can be a protective factor for psychopathology, including eating disorders and anxiety symptomatology. However, most research has focused on adolescent and adult populations, with less work examining perceived basic psychological need satisfaction from parents in younger samples who report anxiety and disordered eating. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether basic psychological need satisfaction from parents was associated with disordered eating in preadolescents and whether anxiety mediated this relation.Method: A total of 211 preadolescents were recruited from primary schools across south Wales (mean age = 10.27 years, age range = 9-11 years; 49.3% female). Children completed self-report questionnaires on their basic psychological need satisfaction when with parents, as well as disordered eating and anxiety symptoms.Results: It was found that higher needs satisfaction was associated with lower disordered eating and anxiety, with stronger relations found in girls compared with boys. Furthermore, anxiety was found to mediate this relationship.Conclusions: Results suggest that basic psychological needs satisfaction may play an important role in the early emergence of co-occurring disordered eating and anxiety symptoms in boys and girls. The importance of considering anxiety symptoms in future work investigating needs satisfaction in the context of disordered eating and eating disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai S Thomas
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Netta Weinstein
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, UK
| | - Ross E Vanderwert
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science, Cardiff University, UK
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Eating Behaviors Among Male Bodybuilders and Runners: Application of the Trans-Contextual Model of Motivation. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1123/jcsp.2019-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on two popular sports that can put male athletes at risk of developing an eating disorder: bodybuilding and running. Bodybuilders concentrate on gaining muscle mass and runners on leaning body mass. Based on the trans-contextual model of motivation, this study aimed to better understand the psychological mechanisms underlying eating disorders in these athletes. In all, 272 male bodybuilders and 217 male runners completed measures of sport motivation, theory of planned behavior variables (i.e., attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention to gain muscle mass/lean body mass), and eating disorders (dieting, control, and bulimia behaviors). The results revealed satisfactory fit indices for both samples. Autonomous and controlled motivations for sport were positively directly and indirectly related to eating disorders in these athletes. This motivational mechanism needs more in-depth investigation, and motivational profiles might help distinguish athletes with and without eating disorders.
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25
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Examining and Promoting Sleep Health in the Undergraduate Classroom: A Mixed-Methods Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312297. [PMID: 34886017 PMCID: PMC8656841 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Although college students are at heightened risk for sleep disturbances, healthy sleep is associated with positive physical, cognitive, psychological, and academic benefits for this group. The goals of the current study were to (1) describe sleep health in an undergraduate college sample and (2) examine the role of a class activity using self-determination theory to promote better sleep health in this group. Methods: A cohort study was conducted using data drawn from class activities conducted in two undergraduate Introduction to Psychology courses. Students were undergraduates at a mid-Atlantic public university in the United States. Total sample size was N = 224 (intervention class [n = 98], and the control class [n = 127]). Both the intervention and control classes completed the RU SATED sleep health questionnaire at the beginning and the end of the semester. The intervention class also completed a self-determination activity focused on sleep health mid-semester. Both the RU SATED questionnaires and the self-determination activities were completed via in-class responder technology. Data were de-identified and downloaded from the responder technology at the end of the semester. Mixed methods were used for data analysis including quantitative analyses and a qualitative approach using a phenomenological, inductive, and reflexive qualitative method whereby themes were allowed to emerge from the data. Results: Overall, almost 25% of the students reported never or rarely obtaining healthy sleep on average. The majority (76%) said they sometimes have healthy sleep and no students reported usually or always obtaining healthy sleep. The components of sleep health the entire sample scored highest on were timing (sleeping between 2 and 4 AM), sleep duration (between 7 and 9 h), and staying awake during the day. The areas they scored the lowest on were maintaining regular bed and wake times, spending less than 30 min awake at night, and feeling satisfied with their sleep. Qualitatively, the most frequently obtained sleep health behaviors of the intervention class were rhythmicity, prioritizing sleep, timing of sleep, and tech hygiene. The intervention class had significantly better sleep health across the entire semester and significantly better daytime alertness post-intervention. The most commonly chosen sleep health behaviors to change were sleep hygiene, tech hygiene, and stimulus control. Conclusion: We examined the classroom environment as a venue for promoting sleep health among college students. Given the popularity of Introduction to Psychology courses, this class is a promising avenue to deliver sleep health promotions to a large number of students. The implementation of a self-determination framework, as part of sleep health promotion, shows potential for creating a person-centered, strengths-based approach to health behavior change within this population.
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Manjunath C, Jenkins SM, Phelan S, Breitkopf CR, Hayes SN, Cooper LA, Patten CA, Brewer LC. Association of body image dissatisfaction, behavioral responses for healthy eating, and cardiovascular health in African-American women with overweight or obesity: A preliminary study. Am J Prev Cardiol 2021; 8:100254. [PMID: 34632436 PMCID: PMC8487888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African-American (AA) women have the lowest prevalence of ideal categorizations of diet and body mass index (BMI), as defined by the American Heart Association (AHA) Life's Simple 7 (LS7) cardiovascular health (CVH) components compared to other racial/ethnic groups, regardless of sex/gender. There is limited research exploring the interplay of unique psychosocial influences on CVH such as body image dissatisfaction (BID) and behavioral responses for healthy eating among AA women with overweight or obesity. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the association of BID with behavioral responses for healthy eating and LS7 components. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data was conducted among 32 AA women with overweight or obesity from a larger, community-based participatory research study. Self-reported measures were used to assess BID and behavioral responses to healthy eating (diet self-regulation to reduce fat or caloric intake and motivation for healthy eating [intrinsic motivation and integrated regulation]) using previously validated instruments. The LS7 components (e.g., BMI, diet, etc.) and composite score were evaluated using the AHA LS7 metrics rubric. RESULTS Women with no or lower BID had greater diet self-regulation to reduce fat or caloric intake (mean, 3.5 vs 3.0; P=.05), intrinsic motivation for healthy eating (mean, 5.3 vs 4.2; P=.01), and integrated regulation for healthy eating (mean, 5.3 vs 3.7; P=.002) than those with higher BID. These significant differences remained after adjustment for BMI. Women with higher BID had a higher proportion of BMI within the obesity range compared with those with no or lower BID (94.4% vs 57.1%, P=.03). BID was not significantly associated with other LS7 components or composite score. CONCLUSION BID and other psychosocial influences for healthy eating are potential targets for culturally tailored lifestyle interventions among AA women.
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Key Words
- AA, African-American
- AHA, American Heart Association
- African-American women
- BID, body image dissatisfaction;, BMI, body mass index
- Body image dissatisfaction
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- CVH, cardiovascular health;, FAITH!, Fostering African-American Improvement in Total Health
- Cardiovascular health
- Healthy eating
- LS7, Life's simple 7
- Obesity
- SCT, Social Cognitive Theory
- SDT, Self-Determination Theory
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Manjunath
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sarah M. Jenkins
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sean Phelan
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Sharonne N. Hayes
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lisa A. Cooper
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christi A. Patten
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - LaPrincess C. Brewer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,Center for Health Equity and Community Engagement Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,Corresponding author at: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
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Werner A, Risius A. Motives, mentalities and dietary change: An exploration of the factors that drive and sustain alternative dietary lifestyles. Appetite 2021; 165:105425. [PMID: 34051276 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Any transition to a sustainable food system will require long-term changes in consumer behaviour, including a major reduction in the proportion of animal-based foods in people's diets. Such long-term dietary changes have widely been found difficult to achieve, however, since eating behaviors are interlinked with habits and lifestyles. In order to attain a better understanding of the driving forces that guide and support changes in eating patterns, this study identifies some of the key factors that lead people not only to adopt alternative dietary lifestyles but also to sustain these lifestyles over the long term. A generic qualitative methodology was used to gather and analyse qualitative data on the food-related motivations and identities of 17 long-term 'alternative dieters'. Our content analysis of this data revealed the following three factors to be particularly relevant in motivations for dietary change: (1) the experience of a 'key moment'; (2) the accumulation of knowledge; and (3) health concerns. While our findings show that the experience of key moments tends to catalyse immediate behavioral responses, changes due to knowledge and health concerns appear to lead to more gradual and organized processes of change. Regarding the mentalities that seem to reinforce and help sustain the transition to long-lasting alternative diets, our study identified three further characteristics: (1) self-reflectiveness; (2) responsibility; and (3) interconnectedness. Overall, our findings provide valuable insights into the key drivers that initiate processes of long-lasting dietary change as well as the mentalities that serve to underpin and sustain such changes. Follow-up research with a largersample of participants is recommended to confirm and further explore these characteristics as a means of informing policies aiming at achieving a transition to more sustainable food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspasia Werner
- University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, 37073, Göttingen, Germany; Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Antje Risius
- University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
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van Nee RL, van Kleef E, van Trijp HCM. Dutch Preadolescents' Food Consumption at School: Influence of Autonomy, Competence and Parenting Practices. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051505. [PMID: 33946949 PMCID: PMC8145952 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating habits appear to become less healthy once children move into adolescence. Adolescence is characterized by increasing independence and autonomy. Still, parents continue influencing adolescents' eating habits. This cross-sectional study used a Self-Determination Theory perspective to examine how parents can support preadolescents' food-related autonomy and competence and how these factors are associated with healthy eating motivation and food consumption at school. In addition, the effect of relative healthy food availability at home on preadolescents' food consumption at school was explored. In total, 142 Dutch preadolescents (mean age 12.18) and 81 parents completed questionnaires. The results showed that preadolescents perceived themselves as having higher food-related autonomy and lower competence to eat healthily as compared to their parents' perceptions. A path analysis was conducted to test the hypothesized model. Although parental support was positively associated with food-related autonomy, higher food-related autonomy was related to less healthy food intake at school. On the other hand, competence to eat healthily indirectly affected preadolescents' healthy intake ratio through their healthy eating motivation. Finally, the relative availability of healthy options at home was positively associated with preadolescents' healthy intake ratio outside the home. Findings from the study advance the understanding of individual and environmental factors that influence eating habits during the key life period of early adolescence. The results may inform interventions aiming to guide preadolescents to make healthy food choices on their own.
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Barberis N, Gugliandolo MC, Costa S, Cannavò M. Healthy and binge eating behaviours: the motivational processes underlying peer pressure. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:1144-1153. [PMID: 33784911 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1903054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The WHOunderlined the importance of a healthy diet for the psychophysical well-being of the person. Self Determination Theory highlighted how the interaction between contextual, such as peer pressure, and motivational factors play a fundamental role in promoting healthy eating habits. The present study aims to assess if peer pressure affects eating habits and binge eating through the mediation of motivation. Questionnaires were administered to 588 young-adults aged between 18 and 24 years (M = 20.56, DS = 1.78) in the Italian context. Results suggest that Peer Pressure predicted Controlled Motivation and Autonomous Motivation, and that motivation predicted Eating Behaviors and Binge Eating. In addition, Peer Pressure also has a direct effect on Binge Eating. The results confirm the importance of investigating contextual and motivational factors in the area of prevention and intervention in eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Barberis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gugliandolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, Sociali e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Costa
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco Cannavò
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
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Mooney J, Lipsky LM, Liu A, Nansel TR. Does stress attenuate motivation for healthful eating in pregnancy and postpartum? Appetite 2021; 163:105207. [PMID: 33737210 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite high motivation for healthful eating during pregnancy, maternal diet quality is inadequate. During pregnancy, women may relax effortful control over eating to reduce stress; thus, stress may override motivation to eat healthfully. This secondary analysis of data from the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study longitudinal cohort investigated associations of motivation for healthful eating and perceived stress with diet quality during pregnancy (n = 365) and postpartum (n = 266), and investigated whether stress modifies associations of motivation with diet quality. Women (Mage = 31.3; gestational age ≤ 12 weeks) were recruited from the Chapel Hill, North Carolina area and completed multiple 24-h diet recalls (once each trimester of pregnancy, and at 4-6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year postpartum) and validated measures of perceived stress and motivation for healthful eating (autonomous and controlled). Hierarchical multiple regressions tested associations of diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015) with stress, motivation, and their interactions. Additionally, themes extracted from previously-analyzed focus groups conducted with a subsample of participants were re-examined for content relevant to stress, motivation, and diet. Pregnancy and postpartum diet quality was positively associated with autonomous motivation, but was unassociated with controlled motivation and stress. Interaction terms did not appreciably improve model fit. Focus group participants described both internal and external forces contributing to their motivation for healthy eating during pregnancy and described the impact of stress on eating behaviors through amplification of food cravings. Future research is needed to identify influences on maternal motivation for healthful eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mooney
- Health Psychology Ph.D. Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Colvard Hall, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA; Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.
| | - Leah M Lipsky
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Aiyi Liu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Tonja R Nansel
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
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Abstract
AbstractDespite that disordered eating has been repeatedly associated with perfectionism, the results are inconsistent as to which exact dimensions of perfectionism it is related to. Moreover, the increasing evidence that perfectionism is best conceptualized as a domain-specific, as opposed to a global, trait contribute to the lack of clarity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine which dimensions of global and physical appearance perfectionism statistically predict disordered dieting in a non-clinical adult female sample. In total 437 participants completed the Short Almost Perfect Scale, which distinguishes between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, the Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale, which distinguishes between hope for perfection and worry about imperfection, and the Dieting subscale of the Eating Attitudes Test-26. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that only maladaptive, as opposed to adaptive, global perfectionism statistically predicted disordered dieting. Furthermore, both dimensions of physical appearance perfectionism statistically predicted disordered dieting, although worry about imperfection, its maladaptive dimension, was the strongest statistical predictor. The present results demonstrate that worry about imperfection is an effective statistical predictor of disordered dieting among women, possibly serving as a starting point for further research investigating the utility of its incorporation in prevention and treatment protocols for disordered eating.
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Stubbs RJ, Duarte C, O'Driscoll R, Turicchi J, Kwasnicka D, Sniehotta FF, Marques MM, Horgan G, Larsen S, Palmeira A, Santos I, Teixeira PJ, Halford J, Heitmann BL. The H2020 "NoHoW Project": A Position Statement on Behavioural Approaches to Longer-Term Weight Management. Obes Facts 2021; 14:246-258. [PMID: 33662958 PMCID: PMC8138206 DOI: 10.1159/000513042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence documenting the effects of behavioural interventions on weight loss (WL). However, behavioural approaches to initial WL are followed by some degree of longer-term weight regain, and large trials focusing on evidence-based approaches to weight loss maintenance (WLM) have generally only demonstrated small beneficial effects. The current state-of-the-art in behavioural interventions for WL and WLM raises questions of (i) how we define the relationship between WL and WLM, (ii) how energy balance (EB) systems respond to WL and influence behaviours that primarily drive weight regain, (iii) how intervention content, mode of delivery and intensity should be targeted to keep weight off, (iv) which mechanisms of action in complex interventions may prevent weight regain and (v) how to design studies and interventions to maximise effective longer-term weight management. In considering these issues a writing team within the NoHoW Consortium was convened to elaborate a position statement, and behaviour change and obesity experts were invited to discuss these positions and to refine them. At present the evidence suggests that developing the skills to self-manage EB behaviours leads to more effective WLM. However, the effects of behaviour change interventions for WL and WLM are still relatively modest and our understanding of the factors that disrupt and undermine self-management of eating and physical activity is limited. These factors include physiological resistance to weight loss, gradual compensatory changes in eating and physical activity and reactive processes related to stress, emotions, rewards and desires that meet psychological needs. Better matching of evidence-based intervention content to quantitatively tracked EB behaviours and the specific needs of individuals may improve outcomes. Improving objective longitudinal tracking of energy intake and energy expenditure over time would provide a quantitative framework in which to understand the dynamics of behaviour change, mechanisms of action of behaviour change interventions and user engagement with intervention components to potentially improve weight management intervention design and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R James Stubbs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom,
| | - Cristiana Duarte
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ruairi O'Driscoll
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Turicchi
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Dominika Kwasnicka
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
- Digital Health, NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Digital Technology to Transform Chronic Disease Outcomes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Virgin Islands, Australia
| | - Falko F Sniehotta
- Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Marta M Marques
- Trinity Centre for Practice and Healthcare Innovation and ADAPT Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland (James Hutton Institute), Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Sofus Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - António Palmeira
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Santos
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro J Teixeira
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jason Halford
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Levin ME, Krafft J, Seifert S, Lillis J. Tracking Valued and Avoidant Functions with Health Behaviors: A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Matrix Mobile App. Behav Modif 2020; 46:63-89. [PMID: 32844679 DOI: 10.1177/0145445520913987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the acceptability and additive effects of self-monitoring avoidant and valued functions of behavior, in the context of self-monitoring physical activity and dietary behavior in a mobile app. The self-monitoring approach was based on the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Matrix. A sample of 102 adults interested in improving their diet and physical activity were randomized to a Health Behavior Tracking app (HBT), HBT plus ACT matrix app (HBT+ACT), or waitlist condition. Online self-report assessments were completed at baseline, mid (2 weeks), and post-intervention (4 weeks). Participants reported high usability, but mixed satisfaction with both apps. About half of the prompted app check-ins were completed on average, with 14% never using the ACT app. Participants in the HBT+ACT app condition reported greater self-reported physical activity over time relative to HBT and waitlist, potentially due to protecting against a decrease over time in physical activity observed in the other two conditions. HBT and HBT+ACT conditions both improved self-reported sedentary behavior relative to waitlist. HBT+ACT improved cognitive restraint with eating more than HBT. Neither the HBT or HBT+ACT app improved other health behavior outcome measures or values processes relative to the waitlist. Overall, findings suggest some benefits of the ACT Matrix app for addressing physical activity by tracking valued/avoidant functions, but mixed findings on acceptability, outcomes, and processes of change suggests impact may be relatively limited.
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De Man J, Wouters E, Delobelle P, Puoane T, Daivadanam M, Absetz P, Remmen R, van Olmen J. Testing a Self-Determination Theory Model of Healthy Eating in a South African Township. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2181. [PMID: 32982885 PMCID: PMC7477942 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The burden of type 2 diabetes is growing rapidly in sub-Saharan Africa. Healthy eating has been shown to prevent the disease but is challenging to maintain. Self-determination theory offers a motivational framework for maintaining a healthy diet based on evidence from western settings. This study aims to assess whether self-determination theory can explain healthy diet behavior in a disadvantaged urban South African population. METHODS Cross-sectional data from a South African township population (N = 585; pre-diabetes = 292, diabetes = 293, age 30-75) were analyzed using structural equation modeling, while controlling for socio-demographic factors. Measures included self-reported autonomous and controlled motivation, perceived competence (measured through barrier self-efficacy), perceived relatedness (measured through perceived participation of significant others) and, as indicator for healthy diet, frequency of fruit, vegetable, and non-refined starch intake. RESULTS Healthy eating was positively associated (β = 0.26) with autonomous motivation, and negatively associated (β = -0.09) with controlled motivation. Perceived competence and relatedness were positively associated with healthy eating (β = 0.49 and 0.37) and autonomous motivation (β = 0.65 and 0.35), and negatively associated with controlled motivation (β = -0.26 and -0.15). Autonomous motivation mediated the effect of perceived competence and relatedness on healthy eating. The model supported a negative association between controlled and autonomous motivation. CONCLUSION This is the first study providing evidence for self-determination theory explaining healthy eating in a disadvantaged sub-Saharan African setting among people at risk of or with diabetes type two. Our findings suggest that individuals who experience support from friends or family and who feel competent in adopting a healthy diet are more likely to become more motivated through identifying the health benefits of healthy eating as their goal. This type of autonomous motivation was associated with a healthier diet compared to individuals whose motivation originated in pressure from others or feelings of guilt or shame. Our recommendations for public health interventions include: focus on the promotion of diet-related health benefits people can identify with; encourage social support by friends or family; reinforce people's sense of competence and skills; and avoid triggering perceived social pressure or feelings of guilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen De Man
- Centre for General Practice, Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Edwin Wouters
- Centre for Population, Family and Health, Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Delobelle
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Belville, South Africa
- Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thandi Puoane
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Belville, South Africa
| | - Meena Daivadanam
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Health Systems and Policy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- International Maternal and Child Health Division, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pilvikki Absetz
- Collaborative Care Systems Finland, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Roy Remmen
- Centre for General Practice, Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Josefien van Olmen
- Centre for General Practice, Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Developing evidence-based behavioural strategies to overcome physiological resistance to weight loss in the general population. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 78:576-589. [PMID: 31670628 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665119001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Physiological and behavioural systems are tolerant of excess energy intake and responsive to energy deficits. Weight loss (WL) changes body structure, physiological function and energy balance (EB) behaviours, which resist further WL and promote subsequent weight regain. Measuring and understanding the response of EB systems to energy deficits is important for developing evidence-based behaviour change interventions for longer-term weight management. Currently, behaviour change approaches for longer-term WL show modest effect sizes. Self-regulation of EB behaviours (e.g. goal setting, action plans, self-monitoring, relapse prevention plans) and aspects of motivation are important for WL maintenance. Stress management, emotion regulation and food hedonics may also be important for relapse prevention, but the evidence is less concrete. Although much is known about the effects of WL on physiological and psychological function, little is known about the way these dynamic changes affect human EB behaviours. Key areas of future importance include (i) improved methods for detailed tracking of energy expenditure, balance and by subtraction intake, using digital technologies, (ii) how WL impacts body structure, function and subsequent EB behaviours, (iii) how behaviour change approaches can overcome physiological resistance to WL and (iv) who is likely to maintain WL or relapse. Modelling physiological and psychological moderators and mediators of EB-related behaviours is central to understanding and improving longer-term weight and health outcomes in the general population.
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Sevild CH, Niemiec CP, Bru LE, Dyrstad SM, Husebø AML. Initiation and maintenance of lifestyle changes among participants in a healthy life centre: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1006. [PMID: 32586299 PMCID: PMC7318496 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the early 2000s, Healthy Life Centres have been established in Norway to promote physical and mental health. Yet to date, little is known about the efficacy of Healthy Life Centres in promoting health behaviour change and maintenance or the factors that underlie these processes. Accordingly, the aim of the current study was to examine the factors that participants in a Healthy Life Centre perceive as relevant for the initiation and maintenance of lifestyle changes toward more physical activity and consumption of a healthier diet. Method Participants were purposely recruited from among adherers in a 12-month multi-method research project at a Healthy Life Centre. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 women and 6 men who were between the ages of 20 and 61 years old. Data were analysed using Systematic Text Condensation. Results Three main themes were derived from this analysis. The first theme focused on the motives behind initiation and maintenance of lifestyle changes along with the importance of a relationally supportive environment to promote perceived competence in pursuing a healthy lifestyle. The second theme focused on strategies for coping with the challenges and potential pitfalls that were associated with various unpleasant experiences and life events. The third theme focused on several specific skills that were helpful to the initiation and maintenance of lifestyle changes. Conclusion The current study enhanced an understanding of the initiation and maintenance of lifestyle changes, although these processes were not disentangled in participants’ experiences. In line with self-determination theory, the results suggested that lifestyle change is more likely to be initiated and maintained when goals are not only achievable but also regulated with autonomous motivation and of intrinsic value. Conversely, lifestyle change is difficult to maintain when motives are external to the self. Further, cognitive and behavioural skills were valuable and necessary in coping with unpleasant emotions. Finally, the critical function of self-regulation skills for making realistic plans and prioritizations in order to balance healthy lifestyle behaviours with the routines of “daily life” while monitoring outcomes was readily apparent. Healthy Life Centres can contribute to these processes in meaningful ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cille H Sevild
- Department of Public Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway. .,Center for Health Promotion, Research Unit, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Christopher P Niemiec
- Department of Public Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA.,Centre for Learning Environment, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lars Edvin Bru
- Centre for Learning Environment, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Sindre M Dyrstad
- Department of Public Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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Disordered eating in the context of Self-determination theory. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-9782-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Han S. Asian Values, Intergenerational Conflict, Needs, and Attachment in Asian/Asian American Women’s Disordered Eating. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0011000020903561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
I tested a path model that integrated cultural and psychological factors as predictors of disordered eating among Asian and Asian American college women. Asian values of honoring family through achievement and conformity to norms, and intergenerational family conflict due to acculturation gap were the cultural predictors. Psychological needs thwarting and anxious parental attachment were the indirect psychological factors through which the cultural factors predicted disordered eating. Two-hundred forty-four Asian and Asian American women participated in an online survey. Structural equation modeling analysis results indicated that the Asian value of honoring family through achievement and intergenerational family conflict were indirectly associated with both binge eating and restricted eating via thwarted psychological needs, but not via anxious parental attachment. The Asian value of conformity to norms was directly associated with restricted eating. These cultural factors need to be addressed when treating disordered eating among Asian/Asian America women.
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Güil Oumrait N, Daivadanam M, Absetz P, Guwatudde D, Berggreen-Clausen A, Mölsted Alvesson H, De Man J, Sidney Annerstedt K. Can Self-Determination Explain Dietary Patterns Among Adults at Risk of or with Type 2 Diabetes? A Cross-Sectional Study in Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Areas in Stockholm. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030620. [PMID: 32120791 PMCID: PMC7146106 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a major health concern in Sweden, where prevalence rates have been increasing in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is posited as an optimal framework to build interventions targeted to improve and maintain long-term healthy habits preventing and delaying the onset of T2D. However, research on SDT, T2D and diet has been widely overlooked in socio-economically disadvantaged populations. This study aims to identify the main dietary patterns of adults at risk of and with T2D from two socio-economically disadvantaged Stockholm areas and to determine the association between those patterns and selected SDT constructs (relatedness, autonomy motivation and competence). Cross-sectional data of 147 participants was collected via questionnaires. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used to identify participants’ main dietary patterns. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to assess associations between the SDT and diet behaviours, and path analysis was used to explore mediations. Two dietary patterns (healthy and unhealthy) were identified. Competence construct was most strongly associated with healthy diet. Autonomous motivation and competence mediated the effect of relatedness on diet behaviour. In conclusion, social surroundings can promote adults at high risk of or with T2D to sustain healthy diets by supporting their autonomous motivation and competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Güil Oumrait
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Meena Daivadanam
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden
- International Maternal and Child Health division, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - David Guwatudde
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Ggaba Road, Kansanga Box 20000, Uganda
| | | | | | - Jeroen De Man
- Centre for General Practice, Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
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Bergunde L, Dritschel B. The shield of self-compassion: A buffer against disordered eating risk from physical appearance perfectionism. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227564. [PMID: 31929572 PMCID: PMC6957174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
General perfectionistic tendencies as well as perfectionism focussed specifically on one's physical appearance have been implicated as risk factors for disordered eating. This study extends previous research on protective factors by investigating self-compassion as a moderator of the relationship between both general and physical-appearance-perfectionism and disordered eating. A cross-sectional online survey assessed general perfectionism, physical-appearance-perfectionism, disordered eating symptoms, self-compassion and negative affect in female UK university students (N = 421). Results showed physical-appearance-perfectionism explained variance (15%) in disordered eating symptoms above general perfectionism and negative affect. Both perfectionistic concerns about and strivings for appearance perfection were significant unique predictors of disordered eating. Self-compassion moderated the relationship between both perfectionistic concerns and strivings of physical-appearance-perfectionism, but not general perfectionism, and disordered eating. This study suggests both perfectionistic concerns about and strivings for appearance perfection represent potential risk factors for disordered eating among female university students and that self-compassion may reduce their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Bergunde
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Dritschel
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Kimiecik J, Horn T, Newman TJ, Kimiecik CM. Moving adolescents for a lifetime of physical activity: shifting to interventions aligned with the third health revolution. Health Psychol Rev 2019; 14:486-503. [PMID: 31814512 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2019.1700820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Public health advocates have been calling for an intensified focus on early, middle, and late adolescence health behaviours due to both the short- and long-term health consequences. Hence, both the health-risk (e.g., alcohol consumption) and health-promoting (e.g., physical activity) behaviours of adolescents have been widely studied to better understand the underlying causes or determinants with an eye towards implementing more effective interventions. The success of these interventions, typically grounded in a risk-reduction/prevention-oriented intervention approach has been modest, especially those focused on health-promoting behaviours, such as physical activity. The purposes of this paper are to (1) conduct a conceptual critique of the risk-reduction/prevention-oriented approach underlying traditional adolescent physical activity interventions, and (2) examine the potential usefulness of an emerging person-based, development-oriented (PBDO) approach for enhancing the motivation and sustainability of adolescent physical activity. Within this PBDO perspective, emphasis is on adolescent growth and development as the starting point for initiating and sustaining physical activity. Implications of the PBDO approach for adolescent physical activity interventions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Kimiecik
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Thelma Horn
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | | | - Carlyn M Kimiecik
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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The dark side of bodybuilding: the role of bodybuilding activities in compensation of frustrated basic psychological needs. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-019-09805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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43
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Scott SE, Duarte C, Encantado J, Evans EH, Harjumaa M, Heitmann BL, Horgan GW, Larsen SC, Marques MM, Mattila E, Matos M, Mikkelsen ML, Palmeira AL, Pearson B, Ramsey L, Sainsbury K, Santos I, Sniehotta F, Stalker C, Teixeira PJ, Stubbs RJ. The NoHoW protocol: a multicentre 2×2 factorial randomised controlled trial investigating an evidence-based digital toolkit for weight loss maintenance in European adults. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029425. [PMID: 31575569 PMCID: PMC6773359 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and associated diseases place a severe burden on healthcare systems. Behavioural interventions for weight loss (WL) are successful in the short term but often result in weight regain over time. Self-regulation of eating and activity behaviours may significantly enhance weight loss maintenance (WLM) and may be effectively augmented by contextual behavioural approaches to emotion regulation. The NoHoW trial tests the efficacy of a theoretically informed, evidence-based digital toolkit using a mobile-enabled website, activity trackers and Wi-Fi scales for WLM aiming to target (1) self-regulation and motivation, and (2) emotion regulation in adults who achieved clinically significant (≥5%) WL in the previous 12 months (initial body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2). METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study is an 18-month, 3-centre, 2×2 factorial single-blind, randomised controlled trial, which recruited 1627 participants achieving ≥5% WL between March 2017 and March 2018. Participants are randomly allocated to one of four arms: (1) self-monitoring only (self-weighing and activity tracker), (2) self-regulation and motivation, (3) emotion regulation or (4) combined self-regulation, motivation and emotion regulation. Participants attend four clinical investigation days at 0, 6, 12 and 18 months and are instructed to use the digital toolkit for 18 weeks during the first 6 months and at their discretion for the remaining 12 months. The primary outcome is change in weight (kg) at 12 months from baseline. Secondary outcomes are body composition (eg, bioimpedance analysis), health biomarkers (glycated haemoglobin, lipids, blood pressure, hair cortisol), dietary intake, physical activity, sleep, motivational, self-regulatory, emotion regulatory moderators/mediators of WLM, engagement, user experience, acceptability and cost-effectiveness of the interventions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was granted by Institutional Ethics Committees at the Universities of Leeds (17-0082; 27 February 2017), Lisbon (17/2016; 20 February 2017) and Capital Region of Denmark (H-16030495, 8 March 2017). Results will be published in scientific journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN88405328.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ellen Scott
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Cristiana Duarte
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Encantado
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elizabeth H Evans
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marja Harjumaa
- VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Parker Institut, Frederiksberg, The Capital Region, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Parker Institut, Frederiksberg, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Marta Moreira Marques
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Trinity Centre for Practice and Healthcare Innovation & ADAPT Centre, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, UK
| | - Elina Mattila
- VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marcela Matos
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marie-Louise Mikkelsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Parker Institut, Frederiksberg, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | | | - Beth Pearson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lauren Ramsey
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kirby Sainsbury
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Inês Santos
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Falko Sniehotta
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carol Stalker
- College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - P J Teixeira
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R James Stubbs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Honary M, Bell BT, Clinch S, Wild SE, McNaney R. Understanding the Role of Healthy Eating and Fitness Mobile Apps in the Formation of Maladaptive Eating and Exercise Behaviors in Young People. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e14239. [PMID: 31215514 PMCID: PMC6604512 DOI: 10.2196/14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy eating and fitness mobile apps are designed to promote healthier living. However, for young people, body dissatisfaction is commonplace, and these types of apps can become a source of maladaptive eating and exercise behaviors. Furthermore, such apps are designed to promote continuous engagement, potentially fostering compulsive behaviors. Objective The aim of this study was to identify potential risks around healthy eating and fitness app use and negative experience and behavior formation among young people and to inform the understanding around how current commercial healthy eating and fitness apps on the market may, or may not, be exasperating such behaviors. Methods Our research was conducted in 2 phases. Through a survey (n=106) and 2 workshops (n=8), we gained an understanding of young people’s perceptions of healthy eating and fitness apps and any potential harm that their use might have; we then explored these further through interviews with experts (n=3) in eating disorder and body image. Using insights drawn from this initial phase, we then explored the degree to which leading apps are preventing, or indeed contributing to, the formation of maladaptive eating and exercise behaviors. We conducted a review of the top 100 healthy eating and fitness apps on the Google Play Store to find out whether or not apps on the market have the potential to elicit maladaptive eating and exercise behaviors. Results Participants were aged between 18 and 25 years and had current or past experience of using healthy eating and fitness apps. Almost half of our survey participants indicated that they had experienced some form of negative experiences and behaviors through their app use. Our findings indicate a wide range of concerns around the wider impact of healthy eating and fitness apps on individuals at risk of maladaptive eating and exercise behavior, including (1) guilt formation because of the nature of persuasive models, (2) social isolation as a result of personal regimens around diet and fitness goals, (3) fear of receiving negative responses when targets are not achieved, and (4) feelings of being controlled by the app. The app review identified logging functionalities available across the apps that are used to promote the sustained use of the app. However, a significant number of these functionalities were seen to have the potential to cause negative experiences and behaviors. Conclusions In this study, we offer a set of responsibility guidelines for future researchers, designers, and developers of digital technologies aiming to support healthy eating and fitness behaviors. Our study highlights the necessity for careful considerations around the design of apps that promote weight loss or body modification through fitness training, especially when they are used by young people who are vulnerable to the development of poor body image and maladaptive eating and exercise behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Honary
- School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Beth T Bell
- School of Psychological and Social Sciences, York St John University, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Clinch
- School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Wild
- School of Psychological and Social Sciences, York St John University, York, United Kingdom
| | - Roisin McNaney
- School of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Engineering Maths, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Carraça EV, Leong SL, Horwath CC. Weight-Focused Physical Activity Is Associated with Poorer Eating Motivation Quality and Lower Intuitive Eating in Women. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:750-759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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DeLong Bailey A, Cater M, O'Neil CE, Miketinas D, Tuuri G. Psychometric Analyses of the Motivation to Prepare Healthy Foods Questionnaire Used With Adult College Students. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 51:456-464. [PMID: 30243922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a questionnaire to measure adult college students' motivation to prepare healthy foods based on the psychosocial needs identified by Self-determination Theory. DESIGN This study used a cross-sectional design. SETTING A major southeastern public university. SUBJECTS A total of 1,027 free-living adults, aged 18-30 years, were recruited. Data from 997 were analyzed. VARIABLES MEASURED The 5 constructs of Self-determination Theory were validated. ANALYSIS Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, and respecification analysis were performed. RESULTS The exploratory factor analysis returned 5 factors with acceptable internal structure. Cronbach α values were .94 for perceived competence, .85 for autonomy support, .87 for intrinsic motivation, .78 for relatedness, and .77 for autonomy. Test-retest reliability coefficients were 0.66-0.79. Confirmatory factor and respecification analyses revealed that the 5-factor structure was an appropriate fit for the data. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS More research is needed to test the questionnaire's use in a culinary classroom setting to reaffirm these findings. Future research includes testing the instrument's convergent and discriminant validity, performing differential analyses to generalize its use in a wider adult population, and using it to assess change in motivation as a result of participating in a classroom-based culinary skills-building intervention. Additional confirmatory studies are needed to determine whether using nutrition and kinesiology students in the current study affected construct validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana DeLong Bailey
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA.
| | - Melissa Cater
- Department of Agricultural and Extension Education and Evaluation, Louisiana State University and Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Carol E O'Neil
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University and Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Derek Miketinas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Houston, TX
| | - Georgianna Tuuri
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University and Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA
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Pentikäinen S, Tanner H, Karhunen L, Kolehmainen M, Poutanen K, Pennanen K. Mobile Phone App for Self-Monitoring of Eating Rhythm: Field Experiment. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e11490. [PMID: 30916657 PMCID: PMC6456829 DOI: 10.2196/11490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Temporal aspects of eating are an integral part of healthy eating, and regular eating has been associated with good diet quality and more successful weight control. Unfortunately, irregular eating is becoming more common. Self-monitoring of behavior has been found to be an efficient behavioral change technique, but the solution should be simple enough to ensure long-lasting adherence. Objective This study aimed to explore the influence of self-monitoring of daily eating pattern with mobile phone app on eating rhythm, eating behavior tendencies, and the underlying motives and attitudes related to eating. Methods A mobile phone app, Button, was developed for effortless self-monitoring of eating rhythm. The feasibility of the app was tested in a 30-day intervention. The participants (N=74) recorded their eating occasions during the intervention by pressing a button in the app widget. Results The average interval between meals increased (96 [SD 24] min during the first 10 days vs 109.1[SD 36.4] during the last 10 days) and the number of daily eating occasions decreased (4.9 [SD 0.9] during the first 10 days vs 4.4 [SD 0.9] during the last 10 days). The tendencies for cognitive restraint, emotional eating, and uncontrolled eating increased. Eating-related attitudes and motives remained largely unchanged. Conclusions These results indicate that a simple self-monitoring tool is able to draw a user’s attention to eating and is a potential tool to aid people to change their eating rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannu Tanner
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leila Karhunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kyösti Pennanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
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Demographic and Social-Cognitive Factors Associated with Weight Loss in Overweight, Pre-diabetic Participants of the PREVIEW Study. Int J Behav Med 2019; 25:682-692. [PMID: 30128932 PMCID: PMC6244565 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-018-9744-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Weight loss has been demonstrated to be a successful strategy in diabetes prevention. Although weight loss is greatly influenced by dietary behaviors, social-cognitive factors play an important role in behavioral determination. This study aimed to identify demographic and social-cognitive factors (intention, self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, social support, and motivation with regard to dietary behavior and goal adjustment) associated with weight loss in overweight and obese participants from the PREVIEW study who had pre-diabetes. Method Prospective correlational data from 1973 adult participants were analyzed. The participants completed psychological questionnaires that assessed social-cognitive variables with regard to dietary behavior. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to identify baseline demographic and social-cognitive factors associated with weight loss. Results Overall, being male, having a higher baseline BMI, having a higher income, perceiving fewer disadvantages of a healthy diet (outcome expectancies), experiencing less discouragement for healthy eating by family and friends (social support), and lower education were independently linked to greater weight loss. When evaluating females and males separately, education was no longer associated with weight loss. Conclusion The results indicate that a supportive environment in which family members and friends avoid discouraging healthy eating, with the application of a strategy that uses specific behavior change techniques to emphasize the benefits of outcomes, i.e., the benefits of a healthy diet, may support weight loss efforts. Weight loss programs should therefore always address the social environment of persons who try to lose body weight because family members and friends can be important supporters in reaching a weight loss goal.
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Oliveira-Silva LC, Porto JB, Arnold J. Professional Fulfillment: Concept and Instrument Proposition. PSICO-USF 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712019240103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This paper aims to propose a concept and an instrument of professional fulfillment (PF), which is theoretically defined as the perception of having attained or being on the right track for attaining one’s most important career goals. The Professional Fulfillment Scale (PFS) was developed in order to operationalize PF, being tested across two studies. Regarding Study 1, in which 406 workers took part, results from exploratory factor analysis evidenced construct validity for PFS. In Study 2, in which 270 workers took part, results from confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling presented satisfactory model fit indices for PFS. We conclude that both the professional fulfillment concept and the scale are useful for mapping people’s importance and achievement of career goals and evaluation of progress, working as a diagnostic tool for career management.
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Koponen AM, Simonsen N, Suominen S. How to promote fruits, vegetables, and berries intake among patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care? A self-determination theory perspective. Health Psychol Open 2019; 6:2055102919854977. [PMID: 31218074 PMCID: PMC6563407 DOI: 10.1177/2055102919854977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of this study showed the importance of autonomous motivation for healthy eating. Autonomous motivation and female gender were the determinants most strongly associated with fruits, vegetables, and berries intake among patients with type 2 diabetes. Other determinants of fruits, vegetables, and berries intake were high education, high social support, high age, and a strong sense of coherence. Autonomous motivation and self-care competence mediated the effect of perceived autonomy support from a physician on fruits, vegetables, and berries intake. Thus, physicians can promote patients' fruits, vegetables, and berries intake by supporting their autonomous motivation and self-care competence. The results are in line with self-determination theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Koponen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Simonsen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Finland
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