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Squires E, Walshe IH, Dodd A, Broadbelt E, Hayman O, McHugh MP, Howatson G. Acute Dosing Strategy with Vistula Tart Cherries for Recovery of Strenuous Exercise-A Feasibility Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2709. [PMID: 39203845 PMCID: PMC11357489 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Tart cherry (TC) consumption has become a popular nutritional strategy for recovery, particularly for the attenuation of markers associated with muscle damage. However, there are relatively few studies that have examined an acute dosing strategy. The aim of this pilot study was to explore the feasibility of using powdered Vistula TC for recovery following a bout of muscle-damaging exercise. Twenty-two recreationally active participants (mean ± SD age, stature, and mass were 23 ± 3 years old, 173 ± 10 cm, and 74 ± 17 kg, respectively) performed 40 (5 sets of 8 repetitions) maximal lengthening contractions of the elbow flexors. The participants were randomised to receive either a spray-dried TC extract or a calorie-matched placebo (12 TC, 10 placebo) for 4 days in total, starting on the day of exercise. Dependent measures of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), muscle soreness (assessed via visual analogue scales; VAS), pain pressure threshold (PPT), range of motion (ROM), and upper arm limb girth were taken at baseline (pre), 24, 48, and 72 h post damaging exercise. There were significant changes over time among all the variables (MVC, VAS, PPT, ROM, and girth, p ≤ 0.014). There were no significant differences between the conditions for any of the variables (MVC, VAS, PPT, ROM, and girth, p > 0.3). The TC group did not recover at an accelerated rate compared to the placebo. This study provides initial insights into the use of powdered Vistula TC and its effect following strenuous (damaging) exercise bouts. Vistula TC did not improve recovery when taken acutely following a bout of damaging exercise to the elbow flexors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Squires
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (E.S.); (I.H.W.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Ian H. Walshe
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (E.S.); (I.H.W.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Alex Dodd
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (E.S.); (I.H.W.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Edward Broadbelt
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (E.S.); (I.H.W.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Oliver Hayman
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (E.S.); (I.H.W.); (M.P.M.)
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6EW, UK
| | - Malachy P. McHugh
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (E.S.); (I.H.W.); (M.P.M.)
- Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (E.S.); (I.H.W.); (M.P.M.)
- Water Research Group, North West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
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Dong W, Bian X, Wan M, Jin L, Wang Y, Jing C, Yao Z, Gao W, Xi Z, Guo C. Moringa oleifera leaf extracts improve exercise performance in young male adults: A pilot study. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 131:155751. [PMID: 38852476 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moringa oleifera leaves are rich in bioactive substances. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf aqueous extract supplements on energy metabolism and antioxidant function in young male adults. METHODS Forty-four young male adults (26.3 ± 3.5 years) were randomly assigned to two groups: a supplement group (n = 23) receiving aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves and a placebo group (n = 21). The supplementation period lasted for 30 days. Baseline measurements were taken at the beginning of the study, and further measurements were taken at the end of the supplementation period. Changes in upper- and lower-body strength, treadmill endurance, and certain blood biochemical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS After 30 days of supplementation, participants in the supplement group exhibited enhanced performance in push-ups and treadmill exhaustion tests compared to the placebo group. Levels of glucose, urea, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase activity in serum were also improved in the supplement group. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that Moringa oleifera leaf aqueous extracts have the potential to improve post-exercise energy metabolism and antioxidant function in young male adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Bian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Min Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yanxian Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Che Jing
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhanxin Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Weina Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
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Moroni A, Zupo R, Castellana F, Amirante F, Zese M, Rondanelli M, Riso P, Perna S. Berry Fruits and Their Improving Potential on Skeletal Muscle Health and Performance: A Systematic Review of the Evidence in Animal and in Human Studies. Foods 2024; 13:2210. [PMID: 39063294 PMCID: PMC11276197 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The well-established anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of red fruits leave room for a biological pathway of improved muscle health promoted by berries in the diet. Our objective was to systematically review the number of trials conducted on human and animal species around the relationship between a berry diet and muscle health outcomes. Two independent examiners conducted a search for studies that utilized keywords associated with muscle health outcomes and a berry-based diet in both human and animal trials, in accordance with the PRISMA statement guidelines. The literature was searched through six electronic databases until December 2023. Screening of 152 retrieved articles resulted in a final selection of 16 reports investigating the effect of exposure to a berry-based diet and skeletal muscle health outcomes. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023479682). Among the selected studies, nine involved humans and seven animal models (rats and mice). Overall, most of the studies reported positive effects on performance or muscle health. Specifically, five studies investigated the possible effects of blackcurrant on active human subjects or athletes; three studies focused on blueberry and presented results on running performance (human sample) and muscle health (rat models). The rest of the studies involved raspberries (two studies, rat models), aronia (one study, rat models), elderberry (one study, rat models), and a mixed compound (one study, rat models). In conclusion, there is some early evidence that a berry-rich diet may increase performance or muscle health, but more research is needed to fully understand the underlying biological trajectories, and thus, no firm conclusions can yet be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Moroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi Alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Roberta Zupo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Fabio Castellana
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Federica Amirante
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Marco Zese
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi Alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.R.); (S.P.)
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Goldman DM, Warbeck CB, Karlsen MC. Protein and Leucine Requirements for Maximal Muscular Development and Athletic Performance Are Achieved with Completely Plant-Based Diets Modeled to Meet Energy Needs in Adult Male Rugby Players. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:186. [PMID: 39058077 PMCID: PMC11281145 DOI: 10.3390/sports12070186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rugby athletes consume large amounts of animal protein in accordance with conventional dietary guidance to increase muscle mass and strength. This misaligns with national dietary guidelines, which suggest limiting meat consumption for chronic disease prevention. The ability of completely plant-based diets to satisfy the nutritional needs of rugby players has not been explored. This study scaled nutrient data from a large population consuming completely plant-based diets with limited supplemental protein to meet the calorie requirements of adult male rugby athletes to assess whether protein and leucine recommendations for muscular development and athletic performance would be achieved. Calorie requirements were estimated from research that employed the doubly labeled water method, and dietary data from the Adventist Health Study-2 were scaled to this level. The modeled protein level was 1.68 g/kg/day, which meets recommendations for maximal gains in muscle mass, strength, and athletic performance. The modeled leucine level was 2.9 g/meal for four daily meals, which exceeds the threshold proposed to maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis in young men. These results indicate that consuming large portions of completely plant-based meals can satisfy protein and leucine requirements for maximal muscular development and athletic performance in adult male rugby athletes while aligning with public health recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Goldman
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Research and Development, Metabite Inc., New York, NY 10036, USA
| | - Cassandra B. Warbeck
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Micaela C. Karlsen
- Department of Research, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA;
- Departments of Applied Nutrition and Global Public Health, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
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Dos Reis TMP, Aguiar GG, de Azevedo LP, Silva Lima E, André Dellagrana R, Rossato M. Effects of acai supplementation (Euterpe precatoria Mart) on muscle recovery markers after jump protocol. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:580-596. [PMID: 36924018 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2023.2189114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effects of acai supplementation (AS) on markers of muscle damage. Twelve men participated in the 21-day study. All performed the damage protocol (DP) in two moments, separated by 7 days. The DP consisted of 10 sets of 10 CMJs, with a recovery of 1 min between sets. The AS was performed for 7 days with 40 g/day of dehydrated acai (GA) or placebo (GP). Blood parameters (CK, LDH and Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity - TEAC) were evaluated at 0 h and 24 h. Ultrasound images (VL, RF and GM), DOMS in lower limbs and isometric peak torque (IPT) of knee extensors and flexors were evaluated at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after DP. A time-treatment interaction was observed for TEAC (p = 0.01), in which the GA presented increases of 11% after 24 h. Similarly, time-treatment interaction was observed for knee flexors IPT (p = 0.02), where GA showed superior recovery after 24 h (GA = 108 ± 23 vs. GP = 92 ± 24 N∙m) and 72 h (GA = 113 ± 31 vs. GP = 98 ± 26 N∙m). No significance was observed in the fatigue index for knee extensors (p = 0.75) and flexors (p = 0.89), indicating similar fatigue in both situations. We concluded that AS increased the TEAC and promoted faster recovery of the knee flexors IPT when compared to GP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Gomes Aguiar
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Luma Palheta de Azevedo
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Emerson Silva Lima
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Amazonas, FederalUniversity of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Rossato
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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Stull AJ, Cassidy A, Djousse L, Johnson SA, Krikorian R, Lampe JW, Mukamal KJ, Nieman DC, Porter Starr KN, Rasmussen H, Rimm EB, Stote KS, Tangney C. The state of the science on the health benefits of blueberries: a perspective. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1415737. [PMID: 38919390 PMCID: PMC11196611 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1415737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that blueberry consumption is associated with a variety of health benefits. It has been suggested that regular consumption of blueberries can support and/or protect against cardiovascular disease and function, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes, and brain and cognitive function in individuals with health conditions and age-related decline. Further, mechanistic investigations highlight the role of blueberry anthocyanins in mediating these health benefits, in part through interactions with gut microbiota. Also, nutritional interventions with blueberries have demonstrated the ability to improve recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage, attributable to anti-inflammatory effects. Despite these advancements in blueberry health research, research gaps persist which affects the generalizability of findings from clinical trials. To evaluate the current state of knowledge and research gaps, a blueberry health roundtable with scientific experts convened in Washington, DC (December 6-7, 2022). Discussions centered around five research domains: cardiovascular health, pre-diabetes and diabetes, brain health and cognitive function, gut health, and exercise recovery. This article synthesizes the outcomes of a blueberry research roundtable discussion among researchers in these domains, offering insights into the health benefits of blueberries and delineating research gaps and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- April J. Stull
- Department of Human Sciences and Design, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Luc Djousse
- Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah A. Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Robert Krikorian
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David C. Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, North Carolina Research Campus, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Kathryn N. Porter Starr
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine and Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Heather Rasmussen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Eric B. Rimm
- Departments of Epidemiology & Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kim S. Stote
- Albany Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Christy Tangney
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Prieto Martínez A, Coutiño Diaz M, Anaya Romero L, Ali Redha A, Zare R, Ventura Hernandez S, Prokopidis K, Clifford T. Effects of Vaccinium berries (blueberries, cranberries and bilberries) on oxidative stress, inflammation, exercise performance, and recovery - a systematic review. Food Funct 2024; 15:444-459. [PMID: 38165220 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04435a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage is common in athletes and recreational exercisers and can lead to muscle soreness, weakness, and impaired muscle function. The precise mechanisms are unclear but oxidative stress and inflammation are thought to play a role. (Poly)phenols are substances abundant in Vaccinium berries that have been suggested to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that could help improve exercise performance and/or recovery from exercise. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the benefits of Vaccinium berry supplementation on exercise performance and recovery, as well as on exercise-induced oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy individuals. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, ProQuest Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Studies were included if the participants were healthy individuals who were supplemented with any Vaccinium berry or Vaccinium berry-based products in comparison to a control group. Of the 13 articles included in this review, no significant differences in the exercise performance were found and only one study reported benefits for markers of recovery. Interleukins and c-reactive protein were the most frequently reported biomarkers, but there was limited evidence that Vaccinium berry supplementation impacted them post-exercise. Most studies were of high quality and showed a low risk of bias. Vaccinium berry supplementation is not effective in modulating markers of exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative distress in healthy individuals; nevertheless, more studies are required to evaluate their effects on exercise performance and recovery in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Prieto Martínez
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Michelle Coutiño Diaz
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lizette Anaya Romero
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ali Ali Redha
- The Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Reza Zare
- Meshkat Sports Complex, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
- Arses Sports Complex, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
| | | | - Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
- Society of meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK
| | - Tom Clifford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Ravenwood B, Coad J, Barnes MJ. A comparison of the effects of sheep's milk and cow's milk on recovery from eccentric exercise. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 5:1335434. [PMID: 38274033 PMCID: PMC10808620 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1335434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction When consumed after eccentric exercise, cow's milk has been shown to improve recovery and alleviate symptoms of exercise induced muscle damage. Although currently less commercially available than cow's milk, sheep's milk may offer similar or greater benefits for recovery as it is higher in protein and energy; however, the effect of sheep's milk in any exercise context has not been explored. This study compared the effects of a sheep's milk beverage and a cow's milk beverage on recovery from strenuous eccentric exercise. Additionally, the effects of each beverage on satiety and gastrointestinal comfort were assessed. Methods Ten healthy males completed baseline measures of perceived muscle soreness and maximal voluntary concentric, eccentric, and isometric quadriceps force of one leg before completing 200 maximal eccentric knee extensions on an isokinetic dynamometer. Measures were repeated 0.5, 24, 48 and 72 h post-eccentric exercise. After 0.5 h measures, participants consumed either 450 ml of chocolate flavored sheep's milk or chocolate flavored cow's milk. Following a washout period, participants completed a second trial on the contralateral leg and consumed the other beverage. Additionally, a satiety and gastrointestinal comfort questionnaire was completed before and after each beverage was consumed. Results Eccentric exercise brought about a significant decrease in muscle function over time (all P < 0.012). No difference between treatments (all P > 0.097) was found. Measures of muscle soreness increased over time (all P < 0.002), however no difference was observed between treatments (all P > 0.072). Only sheep's milk altered perceived satiety, however, only the response to "How full do you feel" differed between treatments (P = 0.04). Discussion The results of this study suggest that consuming sheep's milk may provide similar benefits as cow's milk when recovering from exercise-induced muscle damage. While these findings provide initial support for the use of sheep's milk in a muscle recovery context, further research is warranted to confirm these findings. Given its superior nutritional profile, greater impact on satiety and lower environment impact, sheep's milk may be a more efficient post-exercise recovery beverage, compared to cow's milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ravenwood
- School of Sport, Exercise & Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jane Coad
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Matthew J. Barnes
- School of Sport, Exercise & Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Tan R, Baranauskas MN, Karl ST, Ortiz de Zevallos J, Shei RJ, Paris HL, Wiggins CC, Bailey SJ. Effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on peak power output: Influence of supplementation strategy and population. Nitric Oxide 2023; 138-139:105-119. [PMID: 37438201 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that dietary nitrate supplementation has the potential to increase muscular power output during skeletal muscle contractions. However, there is still a paucity of data characterizing the impact of different nitrate dosing regimens on nitric oxide bioavailability and its potential ergogenic effects across various population groups. This review discusses the potential influence of different dietary nitrate supplementation strategies on nitric oxide bioavailability and muscular peak power output in healthy adults, athletes, older adults and some clinical populations. Effect sizes were calculated for peak power output and absolute and/or relative nitrate doses were considered where applicable. There was no relationship between the effect sizes of peak power output change following nitrate supplementation and when nitrate dosage when considered in absolute or relative terms. Areas for further research are also recommended including a focus on nitrate dosing regimens that optimize nitric oxide bioavailability for enhancing peak power at times of increased muscular work in a variety of healthy and disease populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA.
| | - Marissa N Baranauskas
- Department of Human Physiology & Nutrition, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA
| | - Sean T Karl
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA
| | | | - Ren-Jay Shei
- Indiana University Alumni Association, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Hunter L Paris
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA
| | - Chad C Wiggins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Yehya M, Boulghobra D, Grillet PE, Fleitas-Paniagua PR, Bideaux P, Gayrard S, Sicard P, Thireau J, Reboul C, Cazorla O. Natural Extracts Mitigate the Deleterious Effects of Prolonged Intense Physical Exercise on the Cardiovascular and Muscular Systems. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1474. [PMID: 37508012 PMCID: PMC10376415 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is a common symptom induced by exercise. A reversible loss of muscle force is observed with variable rates of recovery depending on the causes or underlying mechanisms. It can not only affect locomotion muscles, but can also affect the heart, in particular after intense prolonged exercise such as marathons and ultra-triathlons. The goal of our study was to explore the effect of four different natural extracts with recognized antioxidant properties on the contractile function of skeletal (locomotion) and cardiac muscles after a prolonged exhausting exercise. Male Wistar rats performed a bout of exhausting exercise on a treadmill for about 2.5 h and were compared to sedentary animals. Some rats received oral treatment of a natural extract (rosemary, buckwheat, Powergrape®, or rapeseed) or the placebo 24 h and 1 h before exercise. Experiments were performed 30 min after the race and after 7 days of recovery. All natural extracts had protective effects both in cardiac and skeletal muscles. The extent of protection was different depending on muscle type and the duration post-exercise (just after and after one-week recovery), including antiarrhythmic effect and anti-diastolic dysfunction for the heart, and faster recovery of contractility for the skeletal muscles. Moreover, the muscular protective effect varied between natural extracts. Our study shows that an acute antioxidant supplementation can protect against acute abnormal endogenous ROS toxicity, induced here by prolonged exhausting exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Yehya
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- UPR-4278, Laboratoire de Physiologie Expérimentale Cardiovasculaire, Avignon University, 84029 Avignon, France
| | - Doria Boulghobra
- UPR-4278, Laboratoire de Physiologie Expérimentale Cardiovasculaire, Avignon University, 84029 Avignon, France
| | - Pierre-Edouard Grillet
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Département de Biochimie et d'Hormonologie, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Patrice Bideaux
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Gayrard
- UPR-4278, Laboratoire de Physiologie Expérimentale Cardiovasculaire, Avignon University, 84029 Avignon, France
| | - Pierre Sicard
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Jérome Thireau
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Reboul
- UPR-4278, Laboratoire de Physiologie Expérimentale Cardiovasculaire, Avignon University, 84029 Avignon, France
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
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11
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Ivarsson J, Pecorelli A, Lila MA, Valacchi G. Blueberry Supplementation and Skin Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1261. [PMID: 37371992 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental stressors such as air pollutants, ozone, and UV radiation are among the most noxious outdoor stressors affecting human skin and leading to premature skin aging. To prevent the extrinsic aging, the skin is equipped with an effective defensive system. However, cutaneous defense mechanisms can be overwhelmed through chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Recent studies have suggested that the topical usage of natural compounds, such as blueberries, could be a good strategy to prevent skin damage from the environment. Indeed, blueberries contain bioactive compounds found to induce an active skin response against the environmental noxious effects. In this review, results from recent studies on this topic are discussed in order to build the argument for blueberries to possibly be an effective agent for skin health. In addition, we hope to highlight the need for further research to elucidate the mechanisms behind the use of both topical application and dietary supplementation with blueberries to bolster cutaneous systems and defensive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ivarsson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Regenerative Medicine, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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12
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Tan R, Baranauskas MN, Karl ST, Ortiz de Zevallos J, Shei RJ, Paris HL, Wiggins CC, Bailey SJ. Effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on muscular power output: Influence of supplementation strategy and population. Nitric Oxide 2023:S1089-8603(23)00047-2. [PMID: 37244391 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that dietary nitrate supplementation has the potential to increase muscular power output during skeletal muscle contractions. However, there is still a paucity of data characterizing the impact of different nitrate dosing regimens on nitric oxide bioavailability its potential ergogenic effects across various population groups. This narrative review discusses the potential influence of different dietary nitrate supplementation strategies on nitric oxide bioavailability and muscular power output in healthy adults, athletes, older adults and some clinical populations. Areas for further research are also recommended including a focus individualized nitrate dosing regimens to optimize nitric oxide bioavailability and to promote muscular power enhancements in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA.
| | - Marissa N Baranauskas
- Department of Human Physiology & Nutrition, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA
| | - Sean T Karl
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA
| | | | - Ren-Jay Shei
- Indiana University Alumni Association, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Hunter L Paris
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA
| | - Chad C Wiggins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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13
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Effectiveness of supplementation with date seed (Phoenix dactylifera) as a functional food on inflammatory markers, muscle damage, and BDNF following high-intensity interval training: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03125-9. [PMID: 36881179 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is one of the most effective protocols, even though acute HIIT causes inflammatory and oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of date seeds powder (DSP) during HIIT sessions on inflammation markers, oxidants and antioxidants, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), exercise-induced muscle damage, and body composition. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-six recreational runners (men and women), aged 18-35 years, were randomly assigned to consume 26 g/day of DSP or wheat bran powder during HIIT workouts for a period of 14 days. At baseline, at the end of the intervention, and 24 h after the intervention, blood samples were obtained to determine inflammatory, oxidant/antioxidant, and muscle damage markers, as well as BDNF. RESULTS DSP supplementation resulted in a significant downward trend in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Psupplement × time = 0.036), tumor necrosis factor alpha (Psupplement × time = 0.010), interleukin-6 (Psupplement × time = 0.047), malondialdehyde (Psupplement × time = 0.046), creatine kinase (Psupplement × time = 0.045), and lactate dehydrogenase (Psupplement × time = 0.040) after the intervention, as well as a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (Psupplement × time ≤ 0.001). However, interleukin-10 (Psupplement × time = 0.523), interleukin-6/interleukin-10 (Psupplement × time = 0.061), BDNF (Psupplement × time = 0.160), and myoglobin (Psupplement × time = 0.095) levels did not change significantly in comparison to the placebo group. Moreover, analysis demonstrated that DSP supplementation over 2 weeks had no significant effect on body composition. CONCLUSION During the 2 weeks of the HIIT protocol, the consumption of date seed powder by participants who had engaged in moderate or high physical activity alleviated inflammation and muscle damage. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of TBZMED (No.IR.TBZMED.REC.1399.1011). TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials website ( www.IRCt.ir/ , IRCT20150205020965N9).
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14
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Mohd Daud SM, Sukri NM, Johari MH, Gnanou J, Manaf FA. Pure Juice Supplementation: Its Effect on Muscle Recovery and Sports Performance. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:31-48. [PMID: 36875192 PMCID: PMC9984102 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Strenuous exercise causes increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), creating an imbalance between ROS and antioxidants. The reduced antioxidant defence leads to defective elimination of ROS and consequently, delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). DOMS due to exhaustive or prolonged exercise typically peaks between 24 h and 72 h after exercise results in soreness, inflammation, pain and decreased muscle function. As a result, muscle strength will be reduced progressively and this situation might be detrimental to one's athletic performance, especially amidst competition season. Therefore, supplementation to improve muscle recovery and sports performance has become a common practice among athletes. However, it is suggested to consume natural-based fruit-derived antioxidants as a more effective and safe nutritional strategy. Fruits containing a high amount of polyphenol protect muscle cells from excessive and harmful ROS due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. To date, there are several expended studies on the consumption of supplements from various antioxidant-rich fruits to provide evidence on their effectiveness, giving better solutions and wider choices of supplementation to the athletes. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of nutritional standpoint from previous literature on the effect of fruit juices supplementation on muscle recovery and sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Maizura Mohd Daud
- Defence Fitness Academy, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nursyuhada Mohd Sukri
- Defence Fitness Academy, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Hanapi Johari
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Justin Gnanou
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faizal Abdul Manaf
- Defence Fitness Academy, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Kimble R, Jones K, Howatson G. The effect of dietary anthocyanins on biochemical, physiological, and subjective exercise recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:1262-1276. [PMID: 34402657 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1963208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACN), the sub-class of (poly)phenols responsible for the red-blue-purple pigmentation of fruit and vegetables, have gained considerable interest in sport and exercise research due to their potential to facilitate exercise recovery. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL. Thirty nine studies were included and the standardized mean difference (Hedges g) for creatine kinase (CK), anti-oxidative and inflammatory markers, strength, power and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) indices were pooled in separate meta-analyses; meta-regression was also performed on reported ACN dose. Immediately post-exercise there was an increase in antioxidant capacity (g: 0.56) and reduced C reactive protein (g: -0.24) and tumor necrosis factor α (g: -40); p ≤ 0.02. Strength was improved with ACN at all time points (g: 0.45-0.67). DOMS (g: -0.23) was lower 24 hours post-exercise and power was improved 24 hours (g: 0.62) and 48 hours (g: 0.57) post exercise. The CK was lower 48 hours post-exercise (g: -0.31) and there was a trend for a positive association with ACN dose (p = 0.057). This systematic review provides new data showing ACN-rich foods promote functional and subjective recovery likely due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ACN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Water Research Group, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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16
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Martini D, Marino M, Venturi S, Tucci M, Klimis-Zacas D, Riso P, Porrini M, Del Bo' C. Blueberries and their bioactives in the modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and cardio/vascular function markers: a systematic review of human intervention studies. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109154. [PMID: 36150681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Blueberries represent a rich source of (poly)phenols and other bioactive compounds. Numerous in vitro and animal model studies documented the potential health-promoting properties of blueberries and blueberry-bioactives, while little is still known about their effects in humans. The objective of the present systematic review is to provide main evidence and the potential mechanisms of action of blueberry and its (poly)phenols in the regulation of markers related to oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular and cardiometabolic function in health and disease states. A total of 45 human intervention studies were included in this review. Overall, the evidence suggests that blueberries may play a role in the improvement of markers of vascular function. Their effects were observed following both post-prandial and long-term consumption, particularly in subjects with risk factors and/or disease conditions. Conversely, the conflicting results on inflammation, oxidative stress and cardiometabolic risk markers were most likely due to differences among studies in terms of study design, subject characteristics, duration of intervention, dosage, and type of biomarkers analyzed. For these reasons, high-quality, well-designed, human intervention studies are warranted to strengthen the current findings on vascular function and provide more evidence about the impact of blueberries on the different markers considered. In addition, studies focusing on the relationship between the structure and the function of (poly)phenols will be fundamental for a better comprehension of the mechanisms behind the health effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Martini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Marino
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Venturi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tucci
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Riso
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
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17
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Pinheiro MHA, Fonseca LP, Oliveira JCGD, Castro GDCD, Santos-Rezende VH, Gouveia MDS, Viveiros BD, Martins EMF, Franco FSC, Ferreira-Júnior JB. Effect of a fruit and vegetable drink on muscle recovery after resistance exercise. REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE 2022. [DOI: 10.21876/rcshci.v12i4.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of fruit and vegetable drink supplementation on muscle recovery after resistance exercise. Methods: 11 men performed two experimental conditions 12 days apart, in a randomized and double-blind manner: 1) Supplementation with Smoothie - drink based on pineapple, mint, sage, ginger, and pomegranate; and 2) Placebo - drink based on artificial pineapple juice. Participants ingested 400 mL of Smoothie or Placebo drinks daily for 9 days, starting one week before performing the exercise (10 sets of 10 unilateral maximum repetitions in leg press 45º). The perceived subjective recovery (PSR), thickness (MT) and soreness (MS) in the anterior thigh muscles, and maximum isometric strength (MIS) were measured before, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after exercise. Results: There was a reduction in MIS and PSR and an increase in MS 24 h after exercise (p < 0.05). In both situations, MIS returned to baseline values at 72 h (p > 0.05), while PSR and MS returned to baseline values 96 h after exercise. There was no change in MT (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Supplementation with pineapple, mint, sage, ginger, and pomegranate drinks did not accelerate muscle recovery over 96 h after the 45º leg press exercise.
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18
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Nutritional Compounds to Improve Post-Exercise Recovery. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235069. [PMID: 36501099 PMCID: PMC9736198 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic and mechanical stresses associated with muscle-fatiguing exercise result in perturbations to bodily tissues that lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), a state of fatigue involving oxidative stress and inflammation that is accompanied by muscle weakness, pain and a reduced ability to perform subsequent training sessions or competitions. This review collates evidence from previous research on a wide range of nutritional compounds that have the potential to speed up post-exercise recovery. We show that of the numerous compounds investigated thus far, only two-tart cherry and omega-3 fatty acids-are supported by substantial research evidence. Further studies are required to clarify the potential effects of other compounds presented here, many of which have been used since ancient times to treat conditions associated with inflammation and disease.
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19
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Effects of Polyphenol Consumption on Recovery in Team Sport Athletes of Both Sexes: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194085. [PMID: 36235737 PMCID: PMC9573146 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that polyphenol consumption enhances recovery of the muscle after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). However, EIMD markers have not been studied by sport type. The main aim of this research was to perform a systematic review to determine the efficacy of polyphenolic consumption in increasing muscle recovery for performing team sport skills. Eligible studies included, following PICOS structure, presented at least one of the following outcomes: maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVIC); countermovement jump (CMJ); delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS); 20 m sprint test; creatine kinase (CK); and C-reactive protein (hsCRP). A structured search was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale tool. The review showed a possibly positive impact of polyphenol consumption on recovery after EIMD in team sports athletes. No differences were found between sexes. Considering the limitations, there is moderate to very low certainty of polyphenol supplementation effects on recovery of team sport females and males. A dose of 60 mL/day, divided into two times per day, ingested for >7 days may present positive effects on muscle function and muscle soreness in team sport athletes. However, further investigation is required, specifically in females.
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20
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Ataei L, Giannaki CD, Petrou C, Aphamis G. Effect of Tribulus terrestris L. supplementation on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness Markers: A Pilot Study. J Diet Suppl 2022; 20:811-831. [PMID: 36073362 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2120147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris L. contains compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but its effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine whether Tribulus terrestris L. supplementation can attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses to acute aerobic exercise and improve DOMS. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design study, thirteen healthy men received either a daily supplement of Tribulus terrestris L. or a placebo for 4 weeks (2-week wash-out period between trials). Before and after the supplementation periods, participants performed an exercise test to exhaustion (75% VO2max). DOMS, thigh girth, and knee joint range of motion (KJRM) were assessed before and after the exercise (2, 24, and 48 h). Blood samples were analyzed for reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, GSH/GSSG ratio, protein carbonyls, total antioxidant capacity, creatine kinase activity, white blood cell count, and TBARS. Acute exercise to exhaustion induced inflammatory responses and changed the blood redox status in both Tribulus and Placebo groups (p < 0.050). Tribulus terrestris L. improved GSH fall (p = 0.005), GSSG rise (p = 0.001) and maintained a higher level of GSH/GSSG ratio at the 2 h point (p = 0.034). TBARS were lowered, protein carbonyls, creatine kinase activity, and white blood cell count elevation diminished significantly (p < 0.050). Tribulus terrestris L. administration did not affect DOMS, thigh girth, or KJRM (p > 0.050). 4-weeks of Tribulus terrestris L. supplementation effectively attenuates oxidative stress responses but cannot improve DOMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ataei
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Christos Petrou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George Aphamis
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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21
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Moslemi E, Dehghan P, Khani M, Sarbakhsh P, Sarmadi B. The effects of date seed (Phoenix dactylifera) supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress and aerobic and anaerobic performance following high-intensity interval training sessions: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-12. [PMID: 35832028 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an efficient method to improve vascular function, maximal oxygen consumption, and muscle mitochondrial capacity. However, acute HIIT overstresses the oxidative system and causes muscle soreness and damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of date seeds on exercise-induced oxidative stress and aerobic and anaerobic performance following HIIT sessions. Thirty-six physically active men and women aged 18-35 years were assigned to take 26 g/d of date seed powder (DSP, n 18) or wheat bran powder (placebo, n 18) before and after HIIT workouts for 14 d. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), uric acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-iso-PGF2α were determined at baseline, at the end of the intervention, and 24-h post-intervention. We used the Cooper and running-based anaerobic sprint test to assess aerobic and anaerobic performance at the study's beginning and end. Independent-samples Student's t tests, ANCOVA and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to compare the quantitative variables. Positive changes were observed in TAC, TOS, OSI, GPx, MDA and visual analogue scale after intervention and at 24-h post-exercise (P < 0·05). Likewise, peak power and fatigue index were significantly improved in DSP in comparison with the placebo group. Levels of SOD, uric acid, 8-iso-PGF2α, VO2 max and average power were not changed after training. Our results showed that date seed supplementation in active participants performing HIIT bouts ameliorated oxidative stress and improved performance parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Moslemi
- Student research committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Khani
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Sarmadi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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22
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Rickards L, Lynn A, Barker ME, Russell M, Ranchordas MK. Comparison of the polyphenol content and in vitro antioxidant capacity of fruit-based nutritional supplements commonly consumed by athletic and recreationally active populations. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022; 19:336-348. [PMID: 35813849 PMCID: PMC9261743 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2091412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Rickards
- Sheffield United Footballl Club. Sport Science and Medical Department. Sheffield, UK
- Sport & Physical Activity Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
| | - Anthony Lynn
- Food Group, College of Business, Technology & Engineering Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - Margo E. Barker
- Food Group, College of Business, Technology & Engineering Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark Russell
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, UK
| | - Mayur K. Ranchordas
- Sport & Physical Activity Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield, UK
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23
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Gonçalves AC, Nunes AR, Flores-Félix JD, Alves G, Silva LR. Cherries and Blueberries-Based Beverages: Functional Foods with Antidiabetic and Immune Booster Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:3294. [PMID: 35630771 PMCID: PMC9145489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is largely accepted that the daily intake of fruits, vegetables, herbal products and derivatives is an added value in promoting human health, given their capacity to counteract oxidative stress markers and suppress uncontrolled pro-inflammatory responses. Given that, natural-based products seem to be a promising strategy to attenuate, or even mitigate, the development of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, and to boost the immune system. Among fruits, cherries and blueberries are nutrient-dense fruits that have been a target of many studies and interest given their richness in phenolic compounds and notable biological potential. In fact, research has already demonstrated that these fruits can be considered functional foods, and hence, their use in functional beverages, whose popularity is increasing worldwide, is not surprising and seem to be a promising and useful strategy. Therefore, the present review reinforces the idea that cherries and blueberries can be incorporated into new pharmaceutical products, smart foods, functional beverages, and nutraceuticals and be effective in preventing and/or treating diseases mediated by inflammatory mediators, reactive species, and free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- CIBIT-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana R Nunes
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José D Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís R Silva
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- CPIRN-UDI-IPG-Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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24
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Gonçalves AC, Gaspar D, Flores-Félix JD, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR. Effects of Functional Phenolics Dietary Supplementation on Athletes' Performance and Recovery: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4652. [PMID: 35563043 PMCID: PMC9102074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many efforts have been made to identify micronutrients or nutritional strategies capable of preventing, or at least, attenuating, exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress, and improving athlete performance. The reason is that most exercises induce various changes in mitochondria and cellular cytosol that lead to the generation of reactive species and free radicals whose accumulation can be harmful to human health. Among them, supplementation with phenolic compounds seems to be a promising approach since their chemical structure, composed of catechol, pyrogallol, and methoxy groups, gives them remarkable health-promoting properties, such as the ability to suppress inflammatory processes, counteract oxidative damage, boost the immune system, and thus, reduce muscle soreness and accelerate recovery. Phenolic compounds have also already been shown to be effective in improving temporal performance and reducing psychological stress and fatigue. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the effects of dietary phenolics on physical performance and recovery in athletes and sports practitioners. Overall, the reports show that phenolics exert important benefits on exercise-induced muscle damage as well as play a biological/physiological role in improving physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Dário Gaspar
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - José David Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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Valder S, Brinkmann C. Is intake of fruit juice useful in exercise-induced hypoglycemia prevention in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1045639. [PMID: 36339413 PMCID: PMC9633660 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1045639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Valder
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Brinkmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- IST University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian Brinkmann,
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An Overview of Physical Exercise and Antioxidant Supplementation Influences on Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101528. [PMID: 34679663 PMCID: PMC8532825 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the essential injuries caused by moderate to high-intensity and short-duration physical activities is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), damaging various body tissues such as skeletal muscle (SM). However, ROS is easily controlled by antioxidant defense systems during low to moderate intensity and long-term exercises. In stressful situations, antioxidant supplements are recommended to prevent ROS damage. We examined the response of SM to ROS generation during exercise using an antioxidant supplement treatment strategy in this study. The findings of this review research are paradoxical due to variances in antioxidant supplements dose and duration, intensity, length, frequency, types of exercise activities, and, in general, the lack of a regular exercise and nutrition strategy. As such, further research in this area is still being felt.
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Anders JPV, Neltner TJ, Smith RW, Keller JL, Housh TJ, Daugherty FJ, Tempesta MS, Dash AK, Munt DJ, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO. The effects of phosphocreatine disodium salts plus blueberry extract supplementation on muscular strength, power, and endurance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:60. [PMID: 34503541 PMCID: PMC8427883 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of creatine supplementation for improvements in exercise performance. Few studies, however, have examined the effects of phosphocreatine supplementation on exercise performance. Furthermore, while polyphenols have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, little is known regarding the influence of polyphenol supplementation on muscular strength, power, and endurance. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of 28 days of supplementation with phosphocreatine disodium salts plus blueberry extract (PCDSB), creatine monohydrate (CM), and placebo on measures of muscular strength, power, and endurance. METHODS Thirty-three men were randomly assigned to consume either PCDSB, CM, or placebo for 28 days. Peak torque (PT), average power (AP), and percent decline for peak torque (PT%) and average power (AP%) were assessed from a fatigue test consisting of 50 maximal, unilateral, isokinetic leg extensions at 180°·s- 1 before and after the 28 days of supplementation. Individual responses were assessed to examine the proportion of subjects that exceeded a minimal important difference (MID). RESULTS The results demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) improvements in PT for the PCDSB and CM groups from pre- (99.90 ± 22.47 N·m and 99.95 ± 22.50 N·m, respectively) to post-supplementation (119.22 ± 29.87 N·m and 111.97 ± 24.50 N·m, respectively), but no significant (p = 0.112) change for the placebo group. The PCDSB and CM groups also exhibited significant improvements in AP from pre- (140.18 ± 32.08 W and 143.42 ± 33.84 W, respectively) to post-supplementation (170.12 ± 42.68 W and 159.78 ± 31.20 W, respectively), but no significant (p = 0.279) change for the placebo group. A significantly (p < 0.05) greater proportion of subjects in the PCDSB group exceeded the MID for PT compared to the placebo group, but there were no significant (p > 0.05) differences in the proportion of subjects exceeding the MID between the CM and placebo groups or between the CM and PCDSB groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that for the group mean responses, 28 days of supplementation with both PCDSB and CM resulted in increases in PT and AP. The PCDSB, however, may have an advantage over CM when compared to the placebo group for the proportion of individuals that respond favorably to supplementation with meaningful increases in muscular strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul V Anders
- Department of Nutrition and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68510, USA.
| | - Tyler J Neltner
- Department of Nutrition and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68510, USA
| | - Robert W Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68510, USA
| | - Joshua L Keller
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Terry J Housh
- Department of Nutrition and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68510, USA
| | | | | | - Alekha K Dash
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Daniel J Munt
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Richard J Schmidt
- Department of Nutrition and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68510, USA
| | - Glen O Johnson
- Department of Nutrition and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68510, USA
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Rickards L, Lynn A, Harrop D, Barker ME, Russell M, Ranchordas MK. Effect of Polyphenol-Rich Foods, Juices, and Concentrates on Recovery from Exercise Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092988. [PMID: 34578866 PMCID: PMC8465563 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. To determine the effects of consuming polyphenol-rich foods, juices and concentrates on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Method. Eligibility criteria. Randomised and quasi-randomised placebo-controlled trials with a parallel or cross-over design evaluating the effects of consuming polyphenol-rich foods, juices and concentrates on recovery from EIMD in humans. Eligible studies included at least one of the primary outcome measures: maximal isometric voluntary contraction; MIVC, delayed onset muscle soreness; DOMS, or countermovement jump; CMJ. Information sources. AMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, PUBMED, SCOPUS (Elsevier), SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), and the UK Clinical Trials Gateway were searched from inception to September 2020. Risk of bias and quality of evidence. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. Synthesis of results. Random effects models were used to determine the effect of polyphenol supplementation on recovery from EIMD. Data are presented as standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results. Included studies. Twenty-five studies were included; 15 had a parallel, and 10 had a cross-over design. A total of 527 participants (male: n = 425; female: n = 102) were included in the meta-analysis. Synthesis of results. Consumption of polyphenol-rich foods, juices and concentrates accelerated recovery of MIVC immediately post-exercise (SMD = 0.23, 95% CI 0.04, 0.42; p = 0.02; low-quality evidence), 24 h (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI 0.15, 0.62; p = 0.001; low-quality evidence), 48 h (SMD = 0.48, 95% CI 0.28, 0.67; p < 0.001; moderate-quality evidence), 72 h (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI 0.11, 0.46; p = 0.001; low-quality evidence) and 96 h post-exercise (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI 0.16, 0.83; p = 0.004; very low-quality evidence). DOMS was reduced at 24 h (SMD = −0.29, 95% CI −0.47, −0.11; p = 0.002; low-quality evidence), 48 h (SMD = −0.28, 95% CI −0.46, −0.09; p = 0.003; low-quality evidence) and 72 h post-exercise (SMD = −0.46, 95% CI −0.69, −0.24; p < 0.001; very low-quality evidence). CMJ height was greater immediately post-exercise (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI 0.01, 0.53; p = 0.04; low-quality evidence), at 24 h (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI 0.11, 0.83; p = 0.01; very low-quality evidence), 48 h (SMD = 0.58, 95% CI 0.24, 0.91; p < 0.001; very low-quality evidence) and 72 h post-exercise (SMD = 0.57, 95% CI 0.03, 1.10; p = 0.04; very low-quality evidence). Polyphenol supplementation did not alter creatine kinase, c-reactive protein, and interleukin−6 at any time points. At 72 h post-exercise, protein carbonyls (SMD = −0.64, 95% CI −1.14, −0.14; p = 0.01) were reduced. Discussion. Limitations of evidence. Risk of bias was high for 10 studies and moderate for 15. Sensitivity analyses excluding the high risk of bias studies reduced the SMDs for MIVC and DOMS, and for CMJ effects at 24 and 48 h were no longer statistically significant. Interpretation. Consuming polyphenol-rich foods, juices and concentrates accelerated recovery of muscle function while reducing muscle soreness in humans. Maximal benefit occurred 48–72 h post-exercise, however, the certainty of the evidence was moderate to very low. Supplementation could be useful when there is limited time between competitive events and impaired recovery could negatively impact performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Rickards
- Academy of Sport & Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK; (L.R.); (D.H.)
| | - Anthony Lynn
- Department of Service Sector, Management Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WP, UK; (A.L.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Deborah Harrop
- Academy of Sport & Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK; (L.R.); (D.H.)
| | - Margo E. Barker
- Department of Service Sector, Management Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WP, UK; (A.L.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Mark Russell
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds LS18 5HD, UK;
| | - Mayur K. Ranchordas
- Academy of Sport & Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK; (L.R.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-11-4225-5678
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Consumption of New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract Improves Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Non-Resistance Trained Men and Women: A Double-Blind Randomised Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082875. [PMID: 34445035 PMCID: PMC8399782 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Blackcurrant is rich in anthocyanins that may protect against exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and facilitate a faster recovery of muscle function. We examined the effects of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract on indices of muscle damage and recovery following a bout of strenuous isokinetic resistance exercise. Methods: Using a double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled, parallel design, twenty-seven healthy participants received either a 3 g·day−1 NZBC extract (n = 14) or the placebo (PLA) (n = 13) for 8 days prior to and 4 days following 60 strenuous concentric and eccentric contractions of the biceps brachii muscle on an isokinetic dynamometer. Muscle soreness (using a visual analogue scale), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), range of motion (ROM) and blood creatine kinase (CK) were assessed before (0 h) and after (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) exercise. Results: Consumption of NZBC extract resulted in faster recovery of baseline MVC (p = 0.04), attenuated muscle soreness at 24 h (NZBC: 21 ± 10 mm vs. PLA: 40 ± 23 mm, p = 0.02) and 48 h (NZBC: 22 ± 17 vs. PLA: 44 ± 26 mm, p = 0.03) and serum CK concentration at 96 h (NZBC: 635 ± 921 UL vs. PLA: 4021 ± 4319 UL, p = 0.04) following EIMD. Conclusions: Consumption of NZBC extract prior to and following a bout of eccentric exercise attenuates muscle damage and improves functional recovery. These findings are of practical importance in recreationally active and potentially athletic populations, who may benefit from accelerated recovery following EIMD.
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Four Days of Blueberry Powder Supplementation Lowers the Blood Lactate Response to Running But Has No Effect on Time-Trial Performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2021; 29:636-642. [PMID: 31629347 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Blueberries are abundant with anthocyanins possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. As these properties combat fatigue and promote recovery, blueberry supplementation may enhance performance and recovery. Thus, the objectives were to examine the effects of two blueberry supplementation protocols on running performance, physiological responses, and short-term recovery. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PLA)-controlled crossover design, 14 runners completed an 8-km time trial (TT) after supplementation with 4 days of blueberries (4DAY), 4 days of a PLA, or 2 days of placebo followed by 2 days of blueberries (2DAY). Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion were monitored during the TT. Blood lactate, vertical jump, reactive strength index, and salivary markers were assessed before and after. No significant differences were observed for time to complete the TT (PLA: 3,010 ± 459 s; 2DAY: 3,014 ± 488 s; 4DAY: 3,011 ± 423 s), heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, or any of the salivary markers. An interaction effect (p = .027) was observed for blood lactate, with lower post-TT concentrations in 4DAY (5.4 ± 2.0 mmol/L) than PLA (6.6 ± 2.5 mmol/L; p = .038) and 2DAY (7.4 ± 3.4 mmol/L; p = .034). Post-TT decreases in vertical jump height were not different, whereas the decline in reactive strength index was less following 4DAY (-6.1% ± 13.5%) than the other conditions (PLA: -12.6% ± 10.1%; 2DAY: -11.6% ± 11.5%; p = .038). Two days of supplementation did not influence performance or physiological stress. Although 4 days of supplementation did not alter performance, it blunted the increase in blood lactate, perhaps reflecting altered lactate production and/or clearance, and offset the decrease in dynamic muscle function post-TT, as indicated by the reactive strength index differences.
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Hooper DR, Orange T, Gruber MT, Darakjian AA, Conway KL, Hausenblas HA. Broad Spectrum Polyphenol Supplementation from Tart Cherry Extract on Markers of Recovery from Intense Resistance Exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:47. [PMID: 34126996 PMCID: PMC8204440 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tart cherry supplementation has been shown to enhance recovery from strenuous exercise due to its antioxidant properties. The majority of these studies used tart cherry juice, with a significant calorie content. The primary purpose of this study was to assess whether powdered tart cherry extract with minimal calorie content reduces oxidative stress and enhances recovery following intense resistance exercise. METHODS Thirteen men (mean age: 26.2 ± 5.3 years; height: 184.3 ± 8.2 cm; weight: 92.9 ± 15.6 kg) performed a demanding resistance exercise protocol consisting of 6 sets of 10 repetitions of barbell back squat with 80% 1RM. The protocol was performed once following 7 days of 500 mg of tart cherry extract and once following placebo. Serum protein carbonyl (PC) content, creatine kinase activity (CK) and creatine kinase myocardial band content (CK-MB) were used to assess oxidative stress, skeletal and cardiac muscle damage respectively. Muscle soreness was assessed by visual analog scale. Physical performance was measured by countermovement jump power and handgrip dynamometer strength. RESULTS There was a significant increase in PC in the placebo (PL) condition when compared to the Tart Cherry (TC) condition at Immediate Post (IP) (PL: 0.4 ± 0.3 vs. TC: - 0.4 ± 0.2 nmol∙mg- 1; p < 0.001), 1 h (PL: 0.3 ± 0.3 vs. TC: - 0.7 ± 0.3 nmol∙mg- 1; p < 0.001) and 24 h (PL: 0.1 ± 0.4 vs. TC: - 0.3 ± 0.5 nmol∙mg- 1; p = 0.010). There was a significant increase in CK activity in PL when compared to the TC at IP (PL: 491.1 ± 280 vs. TC: 296.3 ± 178 U∙L- 1; p = 0.008) and 3 h (PL: - 87 ± 123 vs. TC: 43.1 ± 105.3 U∙L- 1; p = 0.006). There was a significant (p = 0.003) increase in CKMB concentration in PL when compared to the TC (PL: 21.6 ± 12.4 vs. TC: - 0.3 ± 11.8 ng∙ml- 1; p = 0.006) at 1 h post. There was a significant increase in handgrip strength in TC when compared to PL (PL: - 2 ± 5.1 vs. TC: 1.7 ± 3 kg; p = 0.017) at 24 h post. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that tart cherry extract reduced oxidative stress and markers of muscle and cardiac damage following intense resistance exercise. This occurred along with a prevention of the decrease in handgrip strength seen following the intense exercise protocol, indicating a potential reduction in central fatigue. These benefits were seen with minimal energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Hooper
- Center for Health and Human Performance, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, USA. .,Department of Kinesiology, Brooks Rehabilitation College of Healthcare Sciences, Health Sciences Complex, Jacksonville University, 2800 University Boulevard North, Jacksonville, FL, 32211, USA.
| | - T Orange
- Center for Health and Human Performance, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, USA
| | - M T Gruber
- Department of Biology and Marine Science, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, USA
| | - A A Darakjian
- Department of Biology and Marine Science, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, USA
| | - K L Conway
- Department of Biology and Marine Science, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, USA
| | - H A Hausenblas
- Center for Health and Human Performance, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, Brooks Rehabilitation College of Healthcare Sciences, Health Sciences Complex, Jacksonville University, 2800 University Boulevard North, Jacksonville, FL, 32211, USA
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Bellafiore M, Pintaudi AM, Thomas E, Tesoriere L, Bianco A, Cataldo A, Cerasola D, Traina M, Livrea MA, Palma A. Redox and autonomic responses to acute exercise-post recovery following Opuntia ficus-indica juice intake in physically active women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:43. [PMID: 34098980 PMCID: PMC8186076 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate if the supplementation with Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) juice may affect plasma redox balance and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters following a maximal effort test, in young physically active women. METHODS A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled and crossover study comprising eight women (23.25 ± 2.95 years, 54.13 ± 9.05 kg, 157.75 ± 0.66 cm and BMI of 21.69 ± 0.66 kg/m2) was carried out. A juice containing OFI diluted in water and a Placebo solution were supplied (170 ml; OFI = 50 ml of OFI juice + 120 ml of water; Placebo = 170 ml beverage without Vitamin C and indicaxanthin). Participants consumed the OFI juice or Placebo beverage every day for 3 days, before performing a maximal cycle ergometer test, and for 2 consecutive days after the test. Plasma hydroperoxides and total antioxidant capacity (PAT), Skin Carotenoid Score (SCS) and HRV variables (LF, HF, LF/HF and rMSSD) were recorded at different time points. RESULTS The OFI group showed significantly lower levels of hydroperoxides compared to the Placebo group in pre-test, post-test and 48-h post-test. PAT values of the OFI group significantly increased compared to those of the Placebo group in pre-test and 48-h post-test. SCS did not differ between groups. LF was significantly lower in the OFI group 24-h after the end of the test, whereas rMSSD was significantly higher in the OFI group 48-h post-test. CONCLUSION OFI supplementation decreased the oxidative stress induced by intense exercise and improved autonomic balance in physically active women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Bellafiore
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Francesco Spallitta, 52, 90141, Palermo, Italy.
| | | | - Ewan Thomas
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Francesco Spallitta, 52, 90141, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- STEBICEF Department, Palermo University, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Francesco Spallitta, 52, 90141, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Cataldo
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Francesco Spallitta, 52, 90141, Palermo, Italy
| | - Dario Cerasola
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Francesco Spallitta, 52, 90141, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Traina
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Francesco Spallitta, 52, 90141, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Palma
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Francesco Spallitta, 52, 90141, Palermo, Italy
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Thalacker-Mercer A, Blum J. Discovery and application of dietary compounds to optimize human health, a focus on skeletal muscle regeneration. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 70:131-135. [PMID: 33971586 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, the number of persons over the age of 65 years and those at risk of malnutrition (over and under) is growing, and the prevalence of diet-related chronic disease is at a record high. Pathologies that are linked to poor nutrition underlie the leading causes of death. Safe and effective strategies to improve human health outcomes are urgently required. Identification of nutrient needs for health outcomes has led to the development of food products, supplements, and dietary pattern recommendations. Application of these nutrient-based therapies have the potential to optimize clinical outcomes, such as tissue regeneration post-skeletal muscle trauma. However, despite progress in identifying nutrient needs there is often a delay in the utilization of products in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Thalacker-Mercer
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Jamie Blum
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Zeng Z, Centner C, Gollhofer A, König D. Effects of Dietary Strategies on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Narrative Review of Human Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040542. [PMID: 33807377 PMCID: PMC8066171 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaustive exercise can induce excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may enhance oxidative stress levels. Although physiological levels are crucial for optimal cell signaling and exercise adaptations, higher concentrations have been demonstrated to damage macromolecules and thus facilitate detrimental effects. Besides single dosages of antioxidants, whole diets rich in antioxidants are gaining more attention due to their practicality and multicomponent ingredients. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current state of research on this topic and present recent advances regarding the antioxidant effects of whole dietary strategies on exercise-induced oxidative stress in humans. The following electronic databases were searched from inception to February 2021: PubMed, Scope and Web of Science. Twenty-eight studies were included in this narrative review and demonstrated the scavenging effects of exercise-induced ROS generation, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and antioxidant capacity, with only one study not confirming such positive effects. Although the literature is still scarce about the effects of whole dietary strategies on exercise-induced oxidative stress, the majority of the studies demonstrated favorable effects. Nevertheless, the protocols are still very heterogeneous and further systematically designed studies are needed to strengthen the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany; (C.C.); (A.G.)
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Christoph Centner
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany; (C.C.); (A.G.)
- Praxisklinik Rennbahn, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany; (C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Daniel König
- Centre of Sports Science, Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Najjar RS, Turner CG, Wong BJ, Feresin RG. Berry-Derived Polyphenols in Cardiovascular Pathologies: Mechanisms of Disease and the Role of Diet and Sex. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020387. [PMID: 33513742 PMCID: PMC7911141 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence, pathogenesis, and manifestation is differentially influenced by biological sex. Berry polyphenols target several signaling pathways pertinent to CVD development, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac and vascular remodeling, and there are innate differences in these pathways that also vary by sex. There is limited research systematically investigating sex differences in berry polyphenol effects on these pathways, but there are fundamental findings at this time that suggest a sex-specific effect. This review will detail mechanisms within these pathological pathways, how they differ by sex, and how they may be individually targeted by berry polyphenols in a sex-specific manner. Because of the substantial polyphenolic profile of berries, berry consumption represents a promising interventional tool in the treatment and prevention of CVD in both sexes, but the mechanisms in which they function within each sex may vary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami S. Najjar
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA;
| | - Casey G. Turner
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (C.G.T.); (B.J.W.)
| | - Brett J. Wong
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (C.G.T.); (B.J.W.)
| | - Rafaela G. Feresin
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Coletro HN, Diniz AP, Guimarães NS, Carraro JCC, Mendonça RDD, Meireles AL. Polyphenols for improvement of inflammation and symptoms in rheumatic diseases: systematic review. SAO PAULO MED J 2021; 139:615-623. [PMID: 34787296 PMCID: PMC9634844 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0766.r1.22042021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatic diseases (RDs) are a group of pathological conditions characterized by inflammation and functional disability. There is evidence suggesting that regular consumption of polyphenols has therapeutic effects capable of relieving RD symptoms. OBJECTIVE To synthesize data from randomized controlled trials on administration of polyphenols and their effects on RD activity. DESIGN AND SETTING Systematic review conducted at Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in the databases PubMed (Medline), LILACS (BVS), IBECS (BVS), CUMED (BVS), BINACIS (BVS), EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library and in the grey literature. The present study followed a PRISMA-P checklist. RESULTS In total, 646 articles were considered potentially eligible, of which 33 were then subjected to complete reading. Out of these, 17 randomized controlled trials articles were selected to form the final sample. Among these 17 articles, 64.71% assessed osteoarthritis (n = 11), 23.53% rheumatoid arthritis (n = 4), 5.88% rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia (n = 1) and 5.88% osteoarthritis and rheumatoid (n = 1). Intake of polyphenol showed positive effects in most of the studies assessed (94.12%): it improved pain (64.70%) and inflammation (58.82%). CONCLUSION Polyphenols are potential allies for treating RD activity. However, the range of polyphenol sources administered was a limitation of this review, as also was the lack of information about the methodological characteristics of the studies evaluated. Thus, further primary studies are needed in order to evaluate the effects of polyphenol consumption for reducing RD activity. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTER PROSPERO - CRD42020145349.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Nascimento Coletro
- MSc. Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program on Health and Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto (MG), Brazil; Doctoral Student, Grupo de Pesquisa e Ensino em Nutrição e Saúde Coletiva (GPENSC), Ouro Preto (MG), Brazil.
| | - Amanda Popolino Diniz
- MSc. Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program on Health and Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto (MG), Brazil; Doctoral Student, Grupo de Pesquisa e Ensino em Nutrição e Saúde Coletiva (GPENSC), Ouro Preto (MG), Brazil.
| | - Nathália Sernizon Guimarães
- PhD. Former Postdoctoral Fellow in the Postgraduate Program on Health and Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto (MG), Brazil.
| | - Júlia Cristina Cardoso Carraro
- PhD. Adjunct Professor, Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto (MG), Brazil; Adjunct Professor, Grupo de Pesquisa e Ensino em Nutrição e Saúde Coletiva (GPENSC), Ouro Preto (MG), Brazil.
| | - Raquel de Deus Mendonça
- PhD. Adjunct Professor, Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto (MG), Brazil; Adjunct Professor, Grupo de Pesquisa e Ensino em Nutrição e Saúde Coletiva (GPENSC), Ouro Preto (MG), Brazil.
| | - Adriana Lúcia Meireles
- PhD. Adjunct Professor, Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto (MG), Brazil; Adjunct Professor, Grupo de Pesquisa e Ensino em Nutrição e Saúde Coletiva (GPENSC), Ouro Preto (MG), Brazil.
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Costa MS, Toscano LT, Toscano LDLT, Luna VR, Torres RA, Silva JA, Silva AS. Ergogenic potential of foods for performance and recovery: a new alternative in sports supplementation? A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1480-1501. [PMID: 33226268 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1844137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been studies in the literature reporting the ergogenic effect of some different foods on sports performance. Given the reasonable number of studies in which some food has shown improvement in some physiological variables related to physical performance, a review is pertinent in order to produce a compilation of these studies, providing new elements for athletes and coaches which aim to optimize their performance. Thus, the objective of this work was to present a systematic review of the findings regarding the potential ergogenic effect of food for athletes. Researchers performed a double-blind research in Medline/PubMed considering articles published until January 2019 which resulted in 71 articles. Increased time until exhaustion, improved aerobic capacity and strength recovery were the most commonly reported physical effects. In general, food showed equal or superior ergogenic activity over supplements. Although the number of foods investigated is reasonable, there is still no body of evidence for each studied food, except beets. The current data support the possibility of certain foods being able to enhance athletic performance, as well as serving as an energy source. However, a larger volume of studies is needed to form a body of evidence on each of these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus S Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Luciana T Toscano
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Lydiane de Lima Tavares Toscano
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R Luna
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rayanne A Torres
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Janilson A Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Avendano EE, Raman G. Blueberry Consumption and Exercise: Gap Analysis Using Evidence Mapping. J Altern Complement Med 2020; 27:3-11. [PMID: 33058743 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Strenuous muscular workouts can increase markers of inflammation that can potentially damage components of skeletal muscles. Blueberries contain a variety of nutrients and phytochemicals that have individually been related to reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation. The objective was to conduct a systematic overview using evidence mapping to identify research-dense and evidence gap areas that examine the impact of blueberry consumption on exercise performance and inflammatory markers in adults. Design: The authors searched Medline, Cochrane Central, and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau for literature published between 1946 and September 2019. Abstracts and full-text publications were screened in duplicate for studies that evaluated outcomes related to metabolism, lipoprotein, muscle damage, markers of oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, or gait after participants consumed blueberries and were subjected to some form of exercise. Results: The authors found nine randomized controlled trials, one single-arm study, and one observational study that met the eligibility criteria. Inflammatory markers, F2-isoprostanes, and gait speed were the most frequently reported outcomes, with each one reported by at least three studies. Outcomes related to metabolism, lipoproteins, muscle damage, and most markers of oxidative stress and most gait-related outcomes were each reported by one study. Intervention trials were generally conducted with a small number of participants and the majority included mostly younger individuals. Using multivariate analysis, the sole observational study examined physical ability among participants who consumed higher doses of blueberries compared with participants who consumed a half cup of blueberries less than once a month. Conclusions: Evidence mapping found that further research in both randomized controlled trials and cohort studies examining the impact of blueberry consumption on exercise performance and inflammatory markers is needed to establish an association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther E Avendano
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gowri Raman
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Blum JE, Gheller BJ, Hwang S, Bender E, Gheller M, Thalacker-Mercer AE. Consumption of a Blueberry-Enriched Diet by Women for 6 Weeks Alters Determinants of Human Muscle Progenitor Cell Function. J Nutr 2020; 150:2412-2418. [PMID: 32678436 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human muscle progenitor cell (hMPC) function facilitates skeletal muscle regeneration and is influenced by circulating factors. Yet it is unknown whether dietary interventions impact hMPC function. Blueberry consumption was examined due to the pro-proliferative and antioxidant effects of blueberries and blueberry-derived compounds. OBJECTIVES This study measured indicators of hMPC function in young and old cultures treated with serum collected from a blueberry-enriched diet (BED) intervention. METHODS Younger (21-40 y, n = 12) and older (60-79 y, n = 10) women consumed a 6-wk BED (38 g of freeze-dried blueberries daily). Fasting serum was collected at 0, 4, and 6 wk, and a fed serum sample at 1.5 h (acute) after starting the BED intervention. Young and old hMPCs, derived from 3-5 distinct donors (biological replicates), were individually cultured in media containing pooled, age-group-matched serum from each time point. Determinants of hMPC function (e.g., hMPC number, oxidative stress resistance, and upregulation of metabolic pathways) were measured and compared within age groups. RESULTS Culturing young hMPCs in acute (compared with 0 wk) BED serum did not alter hMPC number or oxidative stress-induced cell death, but increased cellular oxygen consumption (29%, P = 0.026). Culturing young hMPCs in 6-wk (compared with 0-wk) BED serum increased hMPC number (40%, P = 0.0024), conferred minor resistance to oxidative stress-induced cell death (12.6 percentage point decrease, P = 0.10), and modestly increased oxygen consumption (36%, P = 0.09). No beneficial effect of the acute or long-term BED serum was observed in old hMPCs. CONCLUSIONS In younger women, dietary interventions could be a feasible strategy to improve hMPC function and thus muscle regeneration, through altering the serum environment.This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04262258).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Blum
- Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Brandon J Gheller
- Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sinwoo Hwang
- Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Erica Bender
- Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mary Gheller
- Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Doma K, Gahreman D, Connor J. Fruit supplementation reduces indices of exercise-induced muscle damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:562-579. [PMID: 32460679 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1775895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of fruit supplements on indices of muscle damage and physical performance measures following muscle-damaging exercise protocols. The PEDro scale and Cochrane's risk of bias tool was used to critically appraise each study, whilst forest plots were generated to report on standardised mean differences (SMD) and p-values. The studies employed a crossover-randomised design, or a randomised controlled placebo design, with measures compared between the supplement (SUPP) and placebo (PLA) conditions at 24 and 48 h following the muscle-damaging exercise protocols. Compared to the PLA condition, the SUPP condition exhibited significantly lower levels of indirect muscle damage markers (p = 0.02; I2 = 44%), inflammatory markers (p = 0.03; I2 = 45%) and oxidative stress (p < 0.001; I2 = 58%), whilst antioxidant capacity was significantly increased (p = 0.04; I2 = 82%) at 24 h post-exercise. The maximal isometric voluntary contraction was significantly greater for the SUPP condition than the PLA at 24 h (p < 0.001; I2 = 81%) and 48 h (p < 0.001; 84%) post-exercise. Only a few studies reported on functional outcome measures (i.e. countermovement jump, cycling, sprint and running maximal oxygen uptake), and the findings appeared conflicting according to qualitative analyses. Fruit supplementation minimised the level of several biomarkers of muscle damage, inflammation and oxidative stress, whilst improved muscular contractility during periods of EIMD. These findings demonstrate that fruit supplements could be used as recovery strategies from strenuous exercise sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Doma
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Daniel Gahreman
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Jonathan Connor
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Tanner EA, Gary MA, Davis AA, Michalik S, McFarlin BK. Alterations in Systemic Inflammatory Response Following a Half-Marathon Race with a Combined Curcumin and Pomegranate Supplement: A Feasibility Study. J Diet Suppl 2020; 18:461-477. [PMID: 32657201 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1786206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endurance running training can lead to gradual accumulation of inflammation and soreness ultimately resulting in overuse injuries. Management of soreness and inflammation with pharmaceuticals (i.e. non-prescription pain relievers) during long-term training is not a suitable solution due to known side effects (e.g. gastrointestinal complications, etc.). Dietary polyphenols (i.e. curcumin, pomegranate, etc.) have been purported to reduce inflammation and muscle soreness, without these negative side effects making them ideal for use in an exercise model. The purpose of the present feasibility study was to explore the combined effect of optimized curcumin and pomegranate extract supplementation prior to (PRE) and after (4H and 24H) an organized half-marathon race on blood inflammatory proteins and inflammation-associated RNA. Daily supplementation (1000 mg/d) started 26 days before a half-marathon which doubled on days 27-31. Data were analyzed with R software and Welch t-test, significance set at p < 0.05. At both 4H and 24H, supplementation was associated with alterations in protein (IL-10, IL-13, IL-4, ITAC, MIP-1alpha, MIP-3alpha, BDNF, sIL-2Ralpha, and TNF-alpha; p < 0.05) and RNA (CCL22, GUSB, IL-6, LINC00305, NKILA, PTGES, THRIL, TRAF6, ARG2, CD1A, CD55, CFI, CSF2, CXC3CL1, CX3CR1, EDNRB, GATA3, LILRB5, THY1, CD3D, MRC1, GPR183, HAMP, MBL2, CASP3, B2M, KLRF2, PDCD1LG2, IL-10, PTGS2, TLR2, IL-6R, IL-8, IL-7R, MASP1, MYD88, TNFRSF1B, TNFRSF1A, and TIRAP; p < 0.05) biomarkers compared to control. Pathway classification of these biomarkers indicated supplementation may be associated with a more favorable muscle recovery profile. Our findings support the notion that combined curcumin and pomegranate supplementation may represent a useful addition to a comprehensive exercise training plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Tanner
- Department Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, College of Education, Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Melody A Gary
- Department Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, College of Education, Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Asheal A Davis
- Department Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, College of Education, Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Stephan Michalik
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Brian K McFarlin
- Department Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, College of Education, Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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Bongiovanni T, Genovesi F, Nemmer M, Carling C, Alberti G, Howatson G. Nutritional interventions for reducing the signs and symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage and accelerate recovery in athletes: current knowledge, practical application and future perspectives. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1965-1996. [PMID: 32661771 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the nutritional strategies to treat the signs and symptoms related to EIMD. These strategies have been organized into the following sections based upon the quality and quantity of the scientific support available: (1) interventions with a good level of evidence; (2) interventions with some evidence and require more research; and (3) potential nutritional interventions with little to-no-evidence to support efficacy. METHOD Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science were used. The search terms 'EIMD' and 'exercise-induced muscle damage' were individually concatenated with 'supplementation', 'athletes', 'recovery', 'adaptation', 'nutritional strategies', hormesis'. RESULT Supplementation with tart cherries, beetroot, pomegranate, creatine monohydrate and vitamin D appear to provide a prophylactic effect in reducing EIMD. β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, and the ingestion of protein, BCAA and milk could represent promising strategies to manage EIMD. Other nutritional interventions were identified but offered limited effect in the treatment of EIMD; however, inconsistencies in the dose and frequency of interventions might account for the lack of consensus regarding their efficacy. CONCLUSION There are clearly varying levels of evidence and practitioners should be mindful to refer to this evidence-base when prescribing to clients and athletes. One concern is the potential for these interventions to interfere with the exercise-recovery-adaptation continuum. Whilst there is no evidence that these interventions will blunt adaptation, it seems pragmatic to use a periodised approach to administering these strategies until data are in place to provide and evidence base on any interference effect on adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tindaro Bongiovanni
- Department of Health, Performance and Recovery, Parma Calcio 1913, Parma, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Monika Nemmer
- Nutrition Department Liverpool Football Club, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher Carling
- Centre for Elite Performance, French Football Federation, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Water Research Group, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Effect of mate tea consumption on rapid force production after eccentric exercise: a randomized, controlled, crossover study. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sorrenti V, Fortinguerra S, Caudullo G, Buriani A. Deciphering the Role of Polyphenols in Sports Performance: From Nutritional Genomics to the Gut Microbiota toward Phytonutritional Epigenomics. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051265. [PMID: 32365576 PMCID: PMC7281972 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The individual response to nutrients and non-nutrient molecules can be largely affected by three important biological layers. The gut microbiome can alter the bioavailability of nutrients and other substances, the genome can influence molecule kinetics and dynamics, while the epigenome can modulate or amplify the properties of the genome. Today the use of omic techniques and bioinformatics, allow the construction of individual multilayer networks and thus the identification of personalized strategies that have recently been considered in all medical fields, including sports medicine. The composition of each athlete’s microbiome influences sports performance both directly by acting on energy metabolism and indirectly through the modulation of nutrient or non-nutrient molecule availability that ultimately affects the individual epigenome and the genome. Among non-nutrient molecules polyphenols can potentiate physical performances through different epigenetic mechanisms. Polyphenols interact with the gut microbiota, undergoing extensive metabolism to produce bioactive molecules, which act on transcription factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant systems, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and DNA repair. This review focuses on polyphenols effects in sports performance considering the individual microbiota, epigenomic asset, and the genomic characteristics of athletes to understand how their supplementation could potentially help to modulate muscle inflammation and improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Fortinguerra
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Giada Caudullo
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
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Acute effect of juçara juice (Euterpe edulis Martius) on oxidative stress biomarkers and fatigue in a high-intensity interval training session: A single-blind cross-over randomized study. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
Polyphenols are characterised structurally by two or more hydroxyl groups attached to one or more benzene rings, and provide the taste and colour characteristics of fruits and vegetables. They are radical scavengers and metal chelators, but due to their low concentration in biological fluids in vivo their antioxidant properties seem to be related to enhanced endogenous antioxidant capacity induced via signalling through the Nrf2 pathway. Polyphenols also seem to possess anti-inflammatory properties and have been shown to enhance vascular function via nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms. As a consequence, there is a rationale for supplementation with fruit-derived polyphenols both to enhance exercise performance, since excess reactive oxygen species generation has been implicated in fatigue development, and to enhance recovery from muscle damage induced by intensive exercise due to the involvement of inflammation and oxidative damage within muscle. Current evidence would suggest that acute supplementation with ~ 300 mg polyphenols 1–2 h prior to exercise may enhance exercise capacity and/or performance during endurance and repeated sprint exercise via antioxidant and vascular mechanisms. However, only a small number of studies have been performed to date, some with methodological limitations, and more research is needed to confirm these findings. A larger body of evidence suggests that supplementation with > 1000 mg polyphenols per day for 3 or more days prior to and following exercise will enhance recovery following muscle damage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The many remaining unanswered questions within the field of polyphenol research and exercise performance and recovery are highlighted within this review article.
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Abstract
Fruits come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, and flavors. This chapter will cover selected fruits that are known to be healthy and highly nutritious. These fruits were chosen due to their common usage and availability. Since it is not possible to cover all health benefits or essential nutrients and important phytochemicals of the fruit composition, this chapter will focus on the key valuable constituents and their potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan G Mohammed
- Qatar Research Leadership Program (QRLP), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - M Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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Consumption of An Anthocyanin-Rich Antioxidant Juice Accelerates Recovery of Running Economy and Indirect Markers of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Following Downhill Running. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102274. [PMID: 31547503 PMCID: PMC6835892 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of anthocyanin-rich antioxidant juice (AJ) on the recovery of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and the running economy (RE) following downhill running (DHR). Thirty healthy young men were randomly divided into two blinded groups and consumed either AJ or placebo (PLA) for nine days (240 mL twice-a-day). On day 5, the participants from both groups ran downhill (-15%) for 30 min at 70% of their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) speeds. The changes in RE (oxygen uptake (VO2) and perceived effort (PE) during 5-min runs at 80%VO2max) and EIMD (isometric peak torque (IPT), muscle soreness (SOR) and serum creatine kinase activity (CK)) were compared over time and between the groups on the 4 days following DHR. VO2 and PE increased (p < 0.05) immediately following DHR for both groups and remained elevated for PLA until 48h post-DHR while fully recovering 24 h post-DHR for AJ. SOR was greater (p < 0.05) for PLA throughout the study. CK increased for both groups and was greater (p < 0.05) for PLA at 96 h post-DHR. IPT decreased for both groups but recovered faster for AJ (72 h) compared to PLA (no full recovery). AJ accelerated recovery of RE and EIMD and should be used in specific contexts, but not chronically.
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Bloedon TK, Braithwaite RE, Carson IA, Klimis-Zacas D, Lehnhard RA. Impact of anthocyanin-rich whole fruit consumption on exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2019; 77:630-645. [PMID: 31228241 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Supplementing with fruits high in anthocyanins to reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation has produced mixed results. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to discuss the impact of whole fruits high in anthocyanins, including processing methods and the type and amount of fruit, on inflammation and oxidative stress. DATA SOURCES PICOS reporting guidelines and a customized coding scheme were used to search 5 databases (SPORTDiscus, Science Direct, Web of Science [BIOSIS], Medline [Pubmed], and the Cochrane Collaboration) with additional cross-referencing selection. DATA EXTRACTION A random-effects meta-analysis was used to measure effects of the fruit supplements with 3 statistics; the QTotal value based on a χ2 distribution, τ2 value, and I2 value were used to determine homogeneity of variances on 22 studies (out of 807). Outliers were identified using a relative residual value. RESULTS A small significant negative summary effect across the sum of all inflammatory marker outcomes (P < 0.001) and a moderate negative effect for the sum of all oxidative stress marker outcomes (P = 0.036) were found. Moderator analyses did not reveal significant (P > 0.05) differences between subgrouping variables. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that consumption of whole fruit high in anthocyanins can be beneficial for reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor K Bloedon
- Department of Kinesiology and Recreation Administration, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, USA
| | - Rock E Braithwaite
- Department of Kinesiology and Recreation Administration, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, USA
| | - Imogene A Carson
- Department of Kinesiology and Recreation Administration, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, USA
| | | | - Robert A Lehnhard
- School of Kinesiology, Physical Education and Athletic Training, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
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No Effect of Tart Cherry Juice or Pomegranate Juice on Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Non-Resistance Trained Men. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071593. [PMID: 31337122 PMCID: PMC6683053 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tart cherry juice (TC) and pomegranate juice (POM) have been demonstrated to reduce symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), but their effectiveness has not been compared. This randomized, double-blind, parallel study compared the effects of TC and POM on markers of EIMD. Thirty-six non-resistance trained men (age 24.0 (Interquartile Range (IQR) 22.0, 33.0) years, body mass index (BMI) 25.6 ± 4.0 kg·m-2) were randomly allocated to consume 2 × 250 mL of: TC, POM, or an energy-matched fruit-flavored placebo drink twice daily for nine days. On day 5, participants undertook eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors of their non-dominant arm. Pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h post-exercise, maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), creatine kinase (CK), and range of motion (ROM) were measured. The exercise protocol induced significant decreases in MIVC (p < 0.001; max decrease of 26.8%, 24 h post-exercise) and ROM (p = 0.001; max decrease of 6.8%, 72 h post-exercise) and significant increases in CK (p = 0.03; max increase 1385 U·L-1, 96 h post-exercise) and DOMS (p < 0.001; max increase of 26.9 mm, 48 h post-exercise). However, there were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups (main effect of group p > 0.05 or group x time interaction p > 0.05). These data suggest that in non-resistance trained men, neither TC nor POM enhance recovery from high-force eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors.
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