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da Silveira Bueno C, Paytan A, de Souza CD, Franco TT. Global warming and coastal protected areas: A study on phytoplankton abundance and sea surface temperature in different regions of the Brazilian South Atlantic Coastal Ocean. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11724. [PMID: 39114175 PMCID: PMC11303980 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and phytoplankton abundance in coastal regions of the Brazilian South Atlantic: São Paulo, Paraná, and Santa Catarina, and the Protection Area of Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) in Santa Catarina (APA), a conservation zone established along 130 km of coastline. Using SST and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data from 2002 to 2023, we found significant differences in SST between the regions, with São Paulo having the highest SST, followed by Paraná and Santa Catarina. All locations showed a consistent increase in SST over the years, with North Santa Catarina, APA and São Paulo experiencing the lowest rate of increase. Correlation analyses between SST and Chl-a revealed a stronger inverse relationship in North Santa Catarina and APA, indicating an increased response of Chl-a to SST variations in this region. The presence of protected area appears to play an essential role in reducing the negative impacts of increasing SST. Specifically, while there is a wealth of research on the consequences of global warming on diverse coastal and oceanic areas, heterogeneity among different settings persists and the causes for this necessitating attention. Our findings have implications for both localized scientific approaches and broader climate policies, emphasizing the importance of considering coastal ecosystem resilience to climate change in future conservation and adaptation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina da Silveira Bueno
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Ocean Sciences Departament, Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUnited States
- Interdisciplinary Center of Energy PlanningUniversidade Estadual de CampinasCampinasBrazil
- Department of Climate and EnvironmentFederal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolisBrazil
| | - Adina Paytan
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Ocean Sciences Departament, Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUnited States
| | | | - Telma Teixeira Franco
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Ocean Sciences Departament, Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUnited States
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Interdisciplinary Center of Energy PlanningUniversidade Estadual de CampinasCampinasBrazil
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2
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Chefaoui RM, Martínez BDC, Viejo RM. Temporal variability of sea surface temperature affects marine macrophytes range retractions as well as gradual warming. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14206. [PMID: 38902310 PMCID: PMC11190259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Record mean sea surface temperatures (SST) during the past decades and marine heatwaves have been identified as responsible for severe impacts on marine ecosystems, but the role of changes in the patterns of temporal variability under global warming has been much less studied. We compare descriptors of two time series of SST, encompassing extirpations (i.e. local extinctions) of six cold-temperate macroalgae species at their trailing range edge. We decompose the effects of gradual warming, extreme events and intrinsic variability (e.g. seasonality). We also relate the main factors determining macroalgae range shifts with their life cycles characteristics and thermal tolerance. We found extirpations of macroalgae were related to stretches of coast where autumn SST underwent warming, increased temperature seasonality, and decreased skewness over time. Regardless of the species, the persisting populations shared a common environmental domain, which was clearly differentiated from those experiencing local extinction. However, macroalgae species responded to temperature components in different ways, showing dissimilar resilience. Consideration of multiple thermal manifestations of climate change is needed to better understand local extinctions of habitat-forming species. Our study provides a framework for the incorporation of unused measures of environmental variability while analyzing the distributions of coastal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Chefaoui
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain.
- Global Change Research Institute (IICG-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Brezo D-C Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute (IICG-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Viejo
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute (IICG-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Veenhof RJ, Champion C, Dworjanyn SA, Schwoerbel J, Visch W, Coleman MA. Projecting kelp (Ecklonia radiata) gametophyte thermal adaptation and persistence under climate change. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:153-168. [PMID: 37665952 PMCID: PMC10921825 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Kelp forests underpin temperate marine ecosystems but are declining due to ocean warming, causing loss of associated ecosystem services. Projections suggest significant future decline but often only consider the persistence of adult sporophytes. Kelps have a biphasic life cycle, and the haploid gametophyte can be more thermally tolerant than the sporophyte. Therefore, projections may be altered when considering the thermal tolerance of gametophytes. METHODS We undertook thermal tolerance experiments to quantify the effect of temperature on gametophyte survival, relative growth rate (RGR) and sex ratio for three genetically distinct populations of Ecklonia radiata gametophytes from comparatively high, mid- and low latitudes (43°, 33° and 30°S). We then used these data to project the likely consequences of climate-induced thermal change on gametophyte persistence and performance across its eastern Australian range, using generalized additive and linear models. KEY RESULTS All populations were adapted to local temperatures and their thermal maximum was 2-3 °C above current maximum in situ temperatures. The lowest latitude population was most thermally tolerant (~70 % survival up to 27 °C), while survival and RGR decreased beyond 25.5 and 20.5 °C for the mid- and low-latitude populations, respectively. Sex ratios were skewed towards females with increased temperature in the low- and high-latitude populations. Spatially explicit model projections under future ocean warming (2050-centred) revealed a minimal decline in survival (0-30 %) across populations, relative to present-day predictions. RGRs were also projected to decline minimally (0-2 % d-1). CONCLUSIONS Our results contrast with projections for the sporophyte stage of E. radiata, which suggest a 257-km range contraction concurrent with loss of the low-latitude population by 2100. Thermal adaptation in E. radiata gametophytes suggests this life stage is likely resilient to future ocean warming and is unlikely to be a bottleneck for the future persistence of kelp.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Veenhof
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - C Champion
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - S A Dworjanyn
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - J Schwoerbel
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - W Visch
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - M A Coleman
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
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4
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Cozzolino L, Nicastro KR, Lefebvre S, Corona L, Froneman PW, McQuaid C, Zardi GI. The effect of interspecific and intraspecific diversity on microplastic ingestion in two co-occurring mussel species in South Africa. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115649. [PMID: 37864858 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific and intraspecific diversity are essential components of biodiversity with far-reaching implications for ecosystem function and service provision. Importantly, genotypic and phenotypic variation within a species can affect responses to anthropogenic pressures more than interspecific diversity. We investigated the effects of interspecific and intraspecific diversity on microplastic ingestion by two coexisting mussel species in South Africa, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Perna perna, the latter occurring as two genetic lineages. We found significantly higher microplastic abundance in M. galloprovincialis (0.54 ± 0.56 MP items g-1WW) than P. perna (0.16 ± 0.21 MP items g-1WW), but no difference between P. perna lineages. Microbeads were the predominant microplastic (76 % in P. perna, 99 % in M. galloprovincialis) and polyethylene the prevalent polymer. Interspecific differences in microplastic abundance varied across locations, suggesting diverse sources of contamination. We suggest that microplastic ingestion can be species-specific even in organisms that coexist and play similar functional roles within ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cozzolino
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, station marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sebastien Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, station marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Luana Corona
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | | | - Christopher McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR 8067 BOREA (CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, IRD-207), CS 14032, 14000 Caen, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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5
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Assis J, Alberto F, Macaya EC, Castilho Coelho N, Faugeron S, Pearson GA, Ladah L, Reed DC, Raimondi P, Mansilla A, Brickle P, Zuccarello GC, Serrão EA. Past climate-driven range shifts structuring intraspecific biodiversity levels of the giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) at global scales. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12046. [PMID: 37491385 PMCID: PMC10368654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of past climate-driven range shifts structuring the distribution of marine intraspecific biodiversity lacks replication in biological models exposed to comparable limiting conditions in independent regions. This may lead to confounding effects unlinked to climate drivers. We aim to fill in this gap by asking whether the global distribution of intraspecific biodiversity of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) is explained by past climate changes occurring across the two hemispheres. We compared the species' population genetic diversity and structure inferred with microsatellite markers, with range shifts and long-term refugial regions predicted with species distribution modelling (SDM) from the last glacial maximum (LGM) to the present. The broad antitropical distribution of Macrocystis pyrifera is composed by six significantly differentiated genetic groups, for which current genetic diversity levels match the expectations of past climate changes. Range shifts from the LGM to the present structured low latitude refugial regions where genetic relics with higher and unique diversity were found (particularly in the Channel Islands of California and in Peru), while post-glacial expansions following ~ 40% range contraction explained extensive regions with homogenous reduced diversity. The estimated effect of past climate-driven range shifts was comparable between hemispheres, largely demonstrating that the distribution of intraspecific marine biodiversity can be structured by comparable evolutionary forces across the global ocean. Additionally, the differentiation and endemicity of regional genetic groups, confers high conservation value to these localized intraspecific biodiversity hotspots of giant kelp forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Assis
- CCMAR, CIMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
- Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord Universitet, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Filipe Alberto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Erasmo C Macaya
- Centro Fondap IDEAL and Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nelson Castilho Coelho
- CCMAR, CIMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Sylvain Faugeron
- Núcleo Milenio MASH and IRL3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Universidad Austral de Chile, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Lydia Ladah
- Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Daniel C Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA
| | | | - Andrés Mansilla
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Paul Brickle
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, Falkland Islands
| | - Giuseppe C Zuccarello
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ester A Serrão
- CCMAR, CIMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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6
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Sánchez de Pedro R, Fernández AN, Melero-Jiménez IJ, García-Sánchez MJ, Flores-Moya A, Bañares-España E. Temporal and spatial variability in population traits of an intertidal fucoid reveals local-scale climatic refugia. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 188:106006. [PMID: 37182324 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Global change is imposing significant losses in the functional traits of marine organisms. Although areas of climatic refugia ameliorate local conditions and help them to persist, the extent to which mesoscale effects contribute for intraregional variability on population traits and conservation is uncertain. Here we assess patterns of conservation status of Fucus guiryi, the main intertidal habitat-forming seaweed in the Strait of Gibraltar (southern Spain and northern Morocco). We investigated the demography, reproductive phenology, and morphology at northern and southern side populations. Population traits were compared seasonally within populations from each side, and at spatial scale in early summer 2019. In the last decade three populations became extinct; two marginal populations had dispersed individuals with a narrower fertility season and miniaturized individuals below 3 cm; and five populations showed variable density and cover with more than 20% of reproductive individuals over the seasons. Highest density, cover, morphology, and reproductive potential was detected at one population from each side, suggesting local-scale climatic refugia in upwelling areas located inside marine protected areas. Southern recruits were more warm-tolerant but grew less at colder conditions than northern ones, revealing a mesoscale heterogeneity in thermal affinities. This study evidenced functional losses and distinct reproductive strategies experienced by F. guiryi at peripheral locations and urges to prioritize its conservation and restoration at contemporary climatic refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sánchez de Pedro
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Campus de Teatinos, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Andrea N Fernández
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Campus de Teatinos, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ignacio José Melero-Jiménez
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Campus de Teatinos, 29010, Málaga, Spain; Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - María Jesús García-Sánchez
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Campus de Teatinos, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Flores-Moya
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Campus de Teatinos, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elena Bañares-España
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Campus de Teatinos, 29010, Málaga, Spain
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7
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Nicastro KR, Pearson GA, Ramos X, Pearson V, McQuaid CD, Zardi GI. Transcriptome wide analyses reveal intraspecific diversity in thermal stress responses of a dominant habitat-forming species. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5645. [PMID: 37024658 PMCID: PMC10079687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of climate change on biodiversity has stimulated the need to understand environmental stress responses, particularly for ecosystem engineers whose responses to climate affect large numbers of associated organisms. Distinct species differ substantially in their resilience to thermal stress but there are also within-species variations in thermal tolerance for which the molecular mechanisms underpinning such variation remain largely unclear. Intertidal mussels are well-known for their role as ecosystem engineers. First, we exposed two genetic lineages of the intertidal mussel Perna perna to heat stress treatments in air and water. Next, we ran a high throughput RNA sequencing experiment to identify differences in gene expression between the thermally resilient eastern lineage and the thermally sensitive western lineage. We highlight different thermal tolerances that concord with their distributional ranges. Critically, we also identified lineage-specific patterns of gene expression under heat stress and revealed intraspecific differences in the underlying transcriptional pathways in response to warmer temperatures that are potentially linked to the within-species differences in thermal tolerance. Beyond the species, we show how unravelling within-species variability in mechanistic responses to heat stress promotes a better understanding of global evolutionary trajectories of the species as a whole in response to changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy R Nicastro
- CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- CCMAR-CIMAR - Associated Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Gareth A Pearson
- CCMAR-CIMAR - Associated Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Xana Ramos
- CCMAR-CIMAR - Associated Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vasco Pearson
- CCMAR-CIMAR - Associated Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Mathematics, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Christopher D McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
- UNICAEN, Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR 8067 BOREA (CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, IRD-207), Normandie Université, CS 14032, 14000, Caen, France.
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8
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Hordley LA, Fox R, Suggitt AJ, Bourn NAD. Precipitation buffers temperature-driven local extinctions of moths at warm range margins. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:805-815. [PMID: 36946283 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Species' distributions are moving polewards in response to climate change, and although range expansions of relatively warm-adapted species are widely reported, reports of range retractions in cool-adapted species are less common. Here, we analysed species' distribution shifts for 76 cool-adapted moths in Great Britain using citizen science occurrence records from the National Moth Recording Scheme over a 40-year period. Although we find evidence for trailing edge shifts to higher latitudes, shifts in species' range centroids are oriented towards the north-west, and are more closely correlated with directional changes in total precipitation than average temperature. We also found that species' local extinction risk is higher in areas where temperature is high and precipitation is low, but this risk diminishes as precipitation increases. Adaptation efforts should therefore focus on maintaining or increasing water availability as the climate continues to change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Fox
- Butterfly Conservation, Manor Yard, Wareham, UK
| | - Andrew J Suggitt
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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9
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Whitaker SG, Ambrose RF, Anderson LM, Fales RJ, Smith JR, Sutton S, Miller RJ. Ecological restoration using intertidal foundation species: Considerations and potential for rockweed restoration. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G. Whitaker
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California Santa Barbara California USA
- Channel Islands National Park, U.S. National Park Service Ventura California USA
| | - Richard F. Ambrose
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Laura M. Anderson
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department University of California Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Robin J. Fales
- Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Jayson R. Smith
- Biological Sciences Department California State Polytechnic University Pomona California USA
| | - Sierra Sutton
- Biological Sciences Department California State Polytechnic University Pomona California USA
| | - Robert J. Miller
- Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara California USA
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10
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Symbiont-induced phenotypic variation in an ecosystem engineer mediates thermal stress for the associated community. J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103428. [PMID: 36796885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microbial symbionts have strong potential to mediate responses to climate change. Such modulation may be particularly important in the case of hosts that modify the physical habitat structure. By transforming the habitats, ecosystem engineers alter resource availability and modulate environmental conditions which, in turn, indirectly shape the community associated with that habitat. Endolithic cyanobacteria are known to reduce the body temperatures of infested mussels and here, we assessed whether the thermal benefits of endoliths on the intertidal reef-building mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis extends to the invertebrate community utilising mussel beds as habitat. Artificial reefs of biomimetic mussels either colonised or not colonised by microbial endoliths were used to test whether infauna species (the limpet Patella vulgata, the snail Littorina littorea and mussel recruits) in a mussel bed with symbionts experience lower body temperatures than those within a bed composed of mussels without symbionts. We found that infaunal individuals benefitted from being surrounded by mussels with symbionts, an effect that may be particularly critical during intense heat stress. Indirect effects of biotic interactions, complicate our understanding of community and ecosystem responses to climate change, especially in cases involving ecosystem engineers, and accounting for them will improve our predictions.
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11
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Cozzolino L, Nicastro KR, Seuront L, McQuaid CD, Zardi GI. The relative effects of interspecific and intraspecific diversity on microplastic trapping in coastal biogenic habitats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157771. [PMID: 35926622 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of how anthropogenic stressors such as climate change and plastic pollution interact with biodiversity is being widened to include diversity below the species level, i.e., intraspecific variation. The emerging appreciation of the key ecological importance of intraspecific diversity and its potential loss in the Anthropocene, further highlights the need to assess the relative importance of intraspecific versus interspecific diversity. One such issue is whether a species responds as a homogenous whole to plastic pollution. Using manipulative field transplant experiments and laboratory-controlled hydrodynamic simulations, we assessed the relative effects of intraspecific and interspecific diversity on microplastic trapping in coastal biogenic habitats dominated by two key bioengineers, the brown intertidal macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus and F. guiryi. At the individual level, northern morphotypes of F. guiryi trapped more microplastics than southern individuals, and F. vesiculosus trapped more microplastics than F. guiryi. Canopy density varied among species, however, leading to reversed patterns of microplastic accumulation, with F. guiryi canopies accumulating more microplastics than those of F. vesiculosus, while no differences were observed between the canopies of F. guiryi morphotypes. We emphasize the importance of assessing the effects of intraspecific variation which, along with other crucial factors such as canopy density, flow velocity and polymer composition, modulates the extent of microplastic accumulation in coastal biogenic habitats. Our findings indicate that a realistic estimation of plastic accumulation in biogenic habitats requires an understanding of within- and between-species traits at both the individual and population levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cozzolino
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciencias do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciencias do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Laurent Seuront
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Christopher D McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR 8067 BOREA (CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, IRD-207), CS 14032, 14000 Caen, France
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12
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Izquierdo P, Taboada FG, González-Gil R, Arrontes J, Rico JM. Alongshore upwelling modulates the intensity of marine heatwaves in a temperate coastal sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155478. [PMID: 35472353 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Analyses of long-term temperature records based on satellite data have revealed an increase in the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the world oceans, a trend directly associated with global change according to climate model simulations. However, these analyses often target open ocean pelagic systems and rarely include local scale, field temperature records that are more adequate to assess the impact of MHWs close to the land-sea interface. Here, we compared the incidence and characteristics of open ocean MHWs detected by satellites with those observed in the field over two decades (1998-2019) at two temperate intertidal locations in the central Cantabrian Sea, southern Bay of Biscay. Satellite retrievals tended to smooth out cooling events associated with intermittent, alongshore upwelling, especially during summer. These biases propagated to the characterization of MHWs and resulted in an overestimation of their incidence and duration close to the coast. To reconcile satellite and field records, we developed a downscaling approach based on regression modeling that enabled the reconstruction of past temperatures and analyze MHW trends. Despite the cooling effect due to upwelling, the temperature reconstructions revealed a six-fold increase in the incidence of MHWs in the Cantabrian Sea over the last four decades. A comparison between static (no trend) vs. dynamic (featuring a linear warming trend) MHW detection thresholds allowed us to attribute over half of the increase in MHW incidence to the ocean warming trend. Our results highlight the importance of local processes to fully characterize the complexity and impacts of MHWs on marine coastal ecosystems and call for the conservation of climate refugia associated with coastal upwelling to counter the impacts of climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Izquierdo
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Unidad de Ecología, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Fernando González Taboada
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | | | - Julio Arrontes
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Unidad de Ecología, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José M Rico
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Unidad de Ecología, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
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13
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Nicastro KR, Seuront L, McQuaid CD, Zardi GI. Symbiont-induced intraspecific phenotypic variation enhances plastic trapping and ingestion in biogenic habitats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:153922. [PMID: 35183637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic contamination has major effects on biodiversity, enhancing the consequences of other forms of global anthropogenic disturbance such as climate change and habitat fragmentation. Despite this and the recognised importance of intraspecific diversity, we still know relatively little about how plastic pollution affects diversity below the species level. Here, we assessed the effects of intraspecific variation in a habitat forming species (the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis) on the trapping and ingestion of microplastics. We focused on symbiont-induced phenotypic variation in mussel beds. Using fractal analysis, we measured an increase in the complexity of mussel bed surfaces by ca. 15% caused by phototropic shell-degrading endoliths. By simulating high tide flow conditions and incoming waves, we found that symbionts significantly increased microplastic accumulation in mussel beds. This likely reflects deceleration of near-bed flow velocities, creation of turbulence in the bottom boundary layer and consequently increased particle retention. This effect was not constant at high tide, with no effect of infestation on retention at the base of the mussel bed under mid and high flow conditions and reduced microplastic trapping on the surface of mussel shells. Nevertheless, under natural conditions, the ingestion and trapping of microplastic were higher by the mussels comprising beds with symbionts than those in beds without symbionts. Given the dependency of many species on mussel biogenic habitats, there is an increased risk of plastics moving up the food chain in mussel beds infested by symbiotic endoliths. Our results highlight how the effects of within-species phenotypic diversity may influence the consequences of rising levels of plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy R Nicastro
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France; CCMAR-Centro de Ciencias do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Laurent Seuront
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Christopher D McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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14
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Capistrant-Fossa KA, Morrison HG, Engelen AH, Quigley CTC, Morozov A, Serrão EA, Brodie J, Gachon CMM, Badis Y, Johnson LE, Hoarau G, Abreu MH, Tester PA, Stearns LA, Brawley SH. The microbiome of the habitat-forming brown alga Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae) has similar cross-Atlantic structure that reflects past and present drivers 1. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1681-1698. [PMID: 34176151 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Latitudinal diversity gradients have provided many insights into species differentiation and community processes. In the well-studied intertidal zone, however, little is known about latitudinal diversity in microbiomes associated with habitat-forming hosts. We investigated microbiomes of Fucus vesiculosus because of deep understanding of this model system and its latitudinally large, cross-Atlantic range. Given multiple effects of photoperiod, we predicted that cross-Atlantic microbiomes of the Fucus microbiome would be similar at similar latitudes and correlate with environmental factors. We found that community structure and individual amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs) showed distinctive latitudinal distributions, but alpha diversity did not. Latitudinal differentiation was mostly driven by ASVs that were more abundant in cold temperate to subarctic (e.g., Granulosicoccus_t3260, Burkholderia/Caballeronia/Paraburkholderia_t8371) or warm temperate (Pleurocapsa_t10392) latitudes. Their latitudinal distributions correlated with different humidity, tidal heights, and air/sea temperatures, but rarely with irradiance or photoperiod. Many ASVs in potentially symbiotic genera displayed novel phylogenetic biodiversity with differential distributions among tissues and regions, including closely related ASVs with differing north-south distributions that correlated with Fucus phylogeography. An apparent southern range contraction of F. vesiculosus in the NW Atlantic on the North Carolina coast mimics that recently observed in the NE Atlantic. We suggest cross-Atlantic microbial structure of F. vesiculosus is related to a combination of past (glacial-cycle) and contemporary environmental drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hilary G Morrison
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Josephine Bay Paul Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
| | - Aschwin H Engelen
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | | | - Aleksey Morozov
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Josephine Bay Paul Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
| | - Ester A Serrão
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Juliet Brodie
- Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | | | - Yacine Badis
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Ladd E Johnson
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Galice Hoarau
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, 8049, Norway
| | | | | | - Leigh A Stearns
- Department of Geology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Susan H Brawley
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
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15
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Ma KCK, Redelinghuys S, Gusha MNC, Dyantyi SB, McQuaid CD, Porri F. Intertidal estimates of sea urchin abundance reveal congruence in spatial structure for a guild of consumers. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:11930-11944. [PMID: 34522351 PMCID: PMC8427589 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized congruence in the spatial structure of abundance data sampled across multiple scales for an ecological guild of consumers that exploit similar nutritional and habitat resources. We tested this hypothesis on the spatial organization of abundance of an herbivorous guild of sea urchins. We also examined whether the amount of local along-shore rocky habitat can explain the observed spatial patterns of abundance. Standardized estimates of abundance of four intertidal sea urchins-Diadema cf. savignyi, Echinometra mathaei, Parechinus angulosus, and Stomopneustes variolaris-were determined by six observers at 105 sites across 2,850 km of coast of South Africa. For each species and observer, wavelet analysis was used on abundance estimates, after controlling for potential biases, to examine their spatial structure. The relationship between local sea urchin abundance and the amount of upstream and downstream rocky habitat, as defined by the prevailing ocean current, was also investigated. All species exhibited robust structure at scales of 75-220 km, despite variability among observers. Less robust structure in the abundances of three species was detected at larger scales of 430-898 km. Abundance estimates of sympatric populations of two species (D. cf. savignyi and E. mathaei) were positively correlated with the amount of rocky habitat upstream of the site, suggesting that upstream populations act as larval sources across a wide range of scales. No relationship between abundance and habitat size was found for P. angulosus or S. variolaris. Within the range of scales examined, we found robust congruence in spatial structure in abundance at the lower, but not the larger, range of scales for all four species. The relationship between abundance and upstream habitat availability in two species suggests that larval supply from upstream populations was probably the mechanism linking habitat size and abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. K. Ma
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyRhodes UniversityGrahamstownSouth Africa
| | - Suzanne Redelinghuys
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyRhodes UniversityGrahamstownSouth Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic BiodiversityGrahamstownSouth Africa
| | - Molline N. C. Gusha
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyRhodes UniversityGrahamstownSouth Africa
| | | | | | - Francesca Porri
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyRhodes UniversityGrahamstownSouth Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic BiodiversityGrahamstownSouth Africa
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16
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Francisco SM, Castilho R, Lima CS, Almada F, Rodrigues F, Šanda R, Vukić J, Pappalardo AM, Ferrito V, Robalo JI. Genetic hypervariability of a Northeastern Atlantic venomous rockfish. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11730. [PMID: 34306828 PMCID: PMC8280884 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the interplay between climate and current and historical factors shaping genetic diversity is pivotal to infer changes in marine species range and communities' composition. A phylogeographical break between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean has been documented for several marine organisms, translating into limited dispersal between the two basins. METHODS In this study, we screened the intraspecific diversity of 150 individuals of the Madeira rockfish (Scorpaena maderensis) across its distributional range (seven sampling locations in the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins) using the mitochondrial control region and the nuclear S7 first intron. RESULTS The present work is the most comprehensive study done for this species, yielding no genetic structure across sampled locations and no detectable Atlantic-Mediterranean break in connectivity. Our results reveal deep and hyper-diverse bush-like genealogies with large numbers of singletons and very few shared haplotypes. The genetic hyper-diversity found for the Madeira rockfish is relatively uncommon in rocky coastal species, whose dispersal capability is limited by local oceanographic patterns. The effect of climate warming on the distribution of the species is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Francisco
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Castilho
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Cristina S. Lima
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Almada
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Radek Šanda
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, Czeck Republic
| | - Jasna Vukić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Maria Pappalardo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology Biology ‘‘Marcello La Greca’’, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Venera Ferrito
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology Biology ‘‘Marcello La Greca’’, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Joana I. Robalo
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, Lisbon, Portugal
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17
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Booth JM, Fusi M, Giomi F, Chapman ECN, Diele K, McQuaid CD. Diel oxygen fluctuation drives the thermal response and metabolic performance of coastal marine ectotherms. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211141. [PMID: 34157869 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal marine systems are characterized by high levels of primary production that result in diel oxygen fluctuations from undersaturation to supersaturation. Constant normoxia, or 100% oxygen saturation, is therefore rare. Since the thermal sensitivity of invertebrates is directly linked to oxygen availability, we hypothesized that (i) the metabolic response of coastal marine invertebrates would be more sensitive to thermal stress when exposed to oxygen supersaturation rather than 100% oxygen saturation and (ii) natural diel fluctuation in oxygen availability rather than constant 100% oxygen saturation is a main driver of the thermal response. We tested the effects of oxygen regime on the metabolic rate, and haemocyanin and lactate levels, of velvet crabs (Necora puber) and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), under rising temperatures (up to 24°C) in the laboratory. Oxygen supersaturation and photosynthetically induced diel oxygen fluctuation amplified animal metabolic thermal response significantly in both species, demonstrating that the natural variability of oxygen in coastal environments can provide considerable physiological benefits under ocean warming. Our study highlights the significance of integrating ecologically relevant oxygen variability into experimental assessments of animal physiology and thermal response, and predictions of metabolic performance under climate warming. Given the escalating intensity and frequency of climate anomalies, oxygen variation caused by coastal vegetation will likely become increasingly important in mitigating the effects of higher temperatures on coastal fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Booth
- Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - M Fusi
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - F Giomi
- Independent researcher, Via Maniciati, 6, Padova, Italy
| | | | - K Diele
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.,St Abbs Marine Station, St Abbs, UK
| | - C D McQuaid
- Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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18
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Taheri S, Naimi B, Rahbek C, Araújo MB. Improvements in reports of species redistribution under climate change are required. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe1110. [PMID: 33827813 PMCID: PMC8026129 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies have documented climate change-induced shifts in species distributions but uncertainties associated with data and methods are typically unexplored. We reviewed 240 reports of climate-related species-range shifts and classified them based on three criteria. We ask whether observed distributional shifts are compared against random expectations, whether multicausal factors are examined on equal footing, and whether studies provide sufficient documentation to enable replication. We found that only ~12.1% of studies compare distributional shifts across multiple directions, ~1.6% distinguish observed patterns from random expectations, and ~19.66% examine multicausal factors. Last, ~75.5% of studies report sufficient data and results to allow replication. We show that despite gradual improvements over time, there is scope for raising standards in data and methods within reports of climate-change induced shifts in species distribution. Accurate reporting is important because policy responses depend on them. Flawed assessments can fuel criticism and divert scarce resources for biodiversity to competing priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Taheri
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, National Museum of Natural Sciences, CSIC, Calle Jose Gutierrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles 28933, Spain
| | - Babak Naimi
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Miguel B Araújo
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, National Museum of Natural Sciences, CSIC, Calle Jose Gutierrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- Rui Nabeiro Biodiversity Chair, MED Institute, University of Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000 Évora, Portugal
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19
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Nicastro KR, McQuaid CD, Dievart A, Zardi GI. Intraspecific diversity in an ecological engineer functionally trumps interspecific diversity in shaping community structure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140723. [PMID: 32758835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Can intraspecific diversity functionally supersede interspecific diversity? Recent studies have established the ecological effects of intraspecific variation on a number of ecosystem dynamics including resilience and productivity and we hypothesised that they may functionally exceed those of species diversity. We focused on a coastal ecosystem dominated by two coexisting bioengineering mussel species, one of which, Perna perna, displays two distinct phylogeographic lineages. A manipulative field experiment revealed greater habitat structural complexity and a more benign microscale environment within beds of the eastern lineage than those of the western lineage or the second species (Mytilus galloprovincialis); the latter two did not differ. Similarly, while infaunal species abundance and biomass differed significantly between the two lineages of Perna, there was no such difference between Mytilus and the western Perna lineage. The evenness and diversity of associated infaunal assemblages responded differently. Diversity differed relatively weakly between species, while evenness showed a very strong difference between conspecific lineages. Our results show that variation within a species can functionally supersede diversity between species. As the two P. perna lineages have different physiological tolerances, we expect them to react differently to environmental change. Our findings indicate that predicting the ecosystem-level consequences of climate change requires an understanding of the relative strengths of within- and between-species differences in functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy R Nicastro
- CCMAR, CIMAR Associated Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Christopher D McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Alexia Dievart
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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20
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Velez N, Nicastro KR, McQuaid CD, Zardi GI. Small scale habitat effects on anthropogenic litter material and sources in a coastal lagoon system. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111689. [PMID: 33181959 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic litter is ubiquitous throughout marine ecosystems, but its abundance and distribution are driven by complex interactions of distinct environmental factors and thus can be extremely heterogeneous. Here we compare the extent of anthropogenic litter pollution at a sheltered lagoon habitat and nearby open coast sites. Monthly surveys over a period of five months showed that both the types and sources of litter always differed significantly between lagoon and open coast sites. Pollution within the lagoon was mainly land-derived and was largely made up of construction materials (70% to 95%). At open coast sites, construction materials represented a minor portion of pollution (4% to 12%) while plastics were the most abundant (82% to 95%). We show that stranded anthropogenic litter in adjacent marine habitats can differ significantly and stress the importance of sampling at appropriate spatial scales to gain realistic insights into the sources of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Velez
- CCMAR-CIMAR - Associated Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | | | - Gerardo I Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
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21
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Barrientos S, Barreiro R, Cremades J, Piñeiro-Corbeira C. Setting the basis for a long-term monitoring network of intertidal seaweed assemblages in northwest Spain. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 160:105039. [PMID: 32777665 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A distortion of coastal communities has been reported along the European Atlantic in recent years. In NW Spain, the lack of studies focusing on long-term changes was resolved when several common perennial seaweeds were shown to have diminished in occurrence between 1998/99 and 2014. To ascertain whether their decline reflected a genuine long-term trend, the same network of monitoring locations and the same set of perennial seaweeds was re-surveyed in 2018. Contrary to our expectations, the average number of species per site increased in semi-exposed and semi-sheltered locations to become statistically indistinguishable from 1998/99 estimates. Nevertheless, site occupancy rates continued to be below 1998/99 estimates for several seaweeds, and warming, both from rising average temperatures and from more frequent and intense marine heatwaves in autumn, seems a plausible explanation for their decline. The benefits of routinely monitoring a network of fixed stations, especially when they are subject to different levels of wave exposure, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Barrientos
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Rodolfo Barreiro
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Javier Cremades
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cristina Piñeiro-Corbeira
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
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22
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Liesner D, Fouqueau L, Valero M, Roleda MY, Pearson GA, Bischof K, Valentin K, Bartsch I. Heat stress responses and population genetics of the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) across latitudes reveal differentiation among North Atlantic populations. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9144-9177. [PMID: 32953052 PMCID: PMC7487260 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the thermal plasticity of a coastal foundation species across its latitudinal distribution, we assess physiological responses to high temperature stress in the kelp Laminaria digitata in combination with population genetic characteristics and relate heat resilience to genetic features and phylogeography. We hypothesize that populations from Arctic and cold-temperate locations are less heat resilient than populations from warm distributional edges. Using meristems of natural L. digitata populations from six locations ranging between Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen (79°N), and Quiberon, France (47°N), we performed a common-garden heat stress experiment applying 15°C to 23°C over eight days. We assessed growth, photosynthetic quantum yield, carbon and nitrogen storage, and xanthophyll pigment contents as response traits. Population connectivity and genetic diversity were analyzed with microsatellite markers. Results from the heat stress experiment suggest that the upper temperature limit of L. digitata is nearly identical across its distribution range, but subtle differences in growth and stress responses were revealed for three populations from the species' ecological range margins. Two populations at the species' warm distribution limit showed higher temperature tolerance compared to other populations in growth at 19°C and recovery from 21°C (Quiberon, France), and photosynthetic quantum yield and xanthophyll pigment responses at 23°C (Helgoland, Germany). In L. digitata from the northernmost population (Spitsbergen, Norway), quantum yield indicated the highest heat sensitivity. Microsatellite genotyping revealed all sampled populations to be genetically distinct, with a strong hierarchical structure between southern and northern clades. Genetic diversity was lowest in the isolated population of the North Sea island of Helgoland and highest in Roscoff in the English Channel. All together, these results support the hypothesis of moderate local differentiation across L. digitata's European distribution, whereas effects are likely too weak to ameliorate the species' capacity to withstand ocean warming and marine heatwaves at the southern range edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Liesner
- Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
| | - Louise Fouqueau
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRSSorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de RoscoffRoscoff CedexFrance
| | - Myriam Valero
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRSSorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de RoscoffRoscoff CedexFrance
| | - Michael Y. Roleda
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchBodøNorway
- The Marine Science Institute, College of ScienceUniversity of the Philippines, DilimanQuezon CityPhilippines
| | | | - Kai Bischof
- Marine BotanyUniversity of BremenBremenGermany
| | - Klaus Valentin
- Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
| | - Inka Bartsch
- Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
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Sinclair EA, Edgeloe JM, Anthony JM, Statton J, Breed MF, Kendrick GA. Variation in reproductive effort, genetic diversity and mating systems across Posidonia australis seagrass meadows in Western Australia. AOB PLANTS 2020; 12:plaa038. [PMID: 32904346 PMCID: PMC7454027 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Populations at the edges of their geographical range tend to have lower genetic diversity, smaller effective population sizes and limited connectivity relative to centre of range populations. Range edge populations are also likely to be better adapted to more extreme conditions for future survival and resilience in warming environments. However, they may also be most at risk of extinction from changing climate. We compare reproductive and genetic data of the temperate seagrass, Posidonia australis on the west coast of Australia. Measures of reproductive effort (flowering and fruit production and seed to ovule ratios) and estimates of genetic diversity and mating patterns (nuclear microsatellite DNA loci) were used to assess sexual reproduction in northern range edge (low latitude, elevated salinities, Shark Bay World Heritage Site) and centre of range (mid-latitude, oceanic salinity, Perth metropolitan waters) meadows in Western Australia. Flower and fruit production were highly variable among meadows and there was no significant relationship between seed to ovule ratio and clonal diversity. However, Shark Bay meadows were two orders of magnitude less fecund than those in Perth metropolitan waters. Shark Bay meadows were characterized by significantly lower levels of genetic diversity and a mixed mating system relative to meadows in Perth metropolitan waters, which had high genetic diversity and a completely outcrossed mating system. The combination of reproductive and genetic data showed overall lower sexual productivity in Shark Bay meadows relative to Perth metropolitan waters. The mixed mating system is likely driven by a combination of local environmental conditions and pollen limitation. These results indicate that seagrass restoration in Shark Bay may benefit from sourcing plant material from multiple reproductive meadows to increase outcrossed pollen availability and seed production for natural recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Sinclair
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jane M Edgeloe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Janet M Anthony
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Statton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Martin F Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gary A Kendrick
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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24
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Lenoir J, Bertrand R, Comte L, Bourgeaud L, Hattab T, Murienne J, Grenouillet G. Species better track climate warming in the oceans than on land. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1044-1059. [PMID: 32451428 DOI: 10.1101/765776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence of species redistribution as climate warms. Yet, our knowledge of the coupling between species range shifts and isotherm shifts remains limited. Here, we introduce BioShifts-a global geo-database of 30,534 range shifts. Despite a spatial imbalance towards the most developed regions of the Northern Hemisphere and a taxonomic bias towards the most charismatic animals and plants of the planet, data show that marine species are better at tracking isotherm shifts, and move towards the pole six times faster than terrestrial species. More specifically, we find that marine species closely track shifting isotherms in warm and relatively undisturbed waters (for example, the Central Pacific Basin) or in cold waters subject to high human pressures (for example, the North Sea). On land, human activities impede the capacity of terrestrial species to track isotherm shifts in latitude, with some species shifting in the opposite direction to isotherms. Along elevational gradients, species follow the direction of isotherm shifts but at a pace that is much slower than expected, especially in areas with warm climates. Our results suggest that terrestrial species are lagging behind shifting isotherms more than marine species, which is probably related to the interplay between the wider thermal safety margin of terrestrial versus marine species and the more constrained physical environment for dispersal in terrestrial versus marine habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lenoir
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN), UMR7058, CNRS and Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
| | - Romain Bertrand
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, UMR5321, CNRS and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Moulis, France
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, CNRS, IRD and UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lise Comte
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Luana Bourgeaud
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, CNRS, IRD and UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Tarek Hattab
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER and IRD, Sète, France
| | - Jérôme Murienne
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, CNRS, IRD and UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaël Grenouillet
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, CNRS, IRD and UPS, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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25
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Coleman MA, Minne AJP, Vranken S, Wernberg T. Genetic tropicalisation following a marine heatwave. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12726. [PMID: 32728196 PMCID: PMC7391769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme events are increasing globally with devastating ecological consequences, but the impacts on underlying genetic diversity and structure are often cryptic and poorly understood, hindering assessment of adaptive capacity and ecosystem vulnerability to future change. Using very rare "before" data we empirically demonstrate that an extreme marine heatwave caused a significant poleward shift in genetic clusters of kelp forests whereby alleles characteristic of cool water were replaced by those that predominated in warm water across 200 km of coastline. This "genetic tropicalisation" was facilitated by significant mortality of kelp and other co-occurring seaweeds within the footprint of the heatwave that opened space for rapid local proliferation of surviving kelp genotypes or dispersal and recruitment of spores from warmer waters. Genetic diversity declined and inbreeding increased in the newly tropicalised site, but these metrics were relative stable elsewhere within the footprint of the heatwave. Thus, extreme events such as marine heatwaves not only lead to significant mortality and population loss but can also drive significant genetic change in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Coleman
- New South Wales Fisheries, National Marine Science Centre, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia.
- Southern Cross University, National Marine Science Centre, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia.
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Antoine J P Minne
- Southern Cross University, National Marine Science Centre, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sofie Vranken
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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26
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Species better track climate warming in the oceans than on land. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1044-1059. [PMID: 32451428 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence of species redistribution as climate warms. Yet, our knowledge of the coupling between species range shifts and isotherm shifts remains limited. Here, we introduce BioShifts-a global geo-database of 30,534 range shifts. Despite a spatial imbalance towards the most developed regions of the Northern Hemisphere and a taxonomic bias towards the most charismatic animals and plants of the planet, data show that marine species are better at tracking isotherm shifts, and move towards the pole six times faster than terrestrial species. More specifically, we find that marine species closely track shifting isotherms in warm and relatively undisturbed waters (for example, the Central Pacific Basin) or in cold waters subject to high human pressures (for example, the North Sea). On land, human activities impede the capacity of terrestrial species to track isotherm shifts in latitude, with some species shifting in the opposite direction to isotherms. Along elevational gradients, species follow the direction of isotherm shifts but at a pace that is much slower than expected, especially in areas with warm climates. Our results suggest that terrestrial species are lagging behind shifting isotherms more than marine species, which is probably related to the interplay between the wider thermal safety margin of terrestrial versus marine species and the more constrained physical environment for dispersal in terrestrial versus marine habitats.
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27
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Ramos E, Guinda X, Puente A, de la Hoz CF, Juanes JA. Changes in the distribution of intertidal macroalgae along a longitudinal gradient in the northern coast of Spain. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 157:104930. [PMID: 32275512 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of macroalgal species along the north and northwest coast of the Iberian Peninsula is in a period of change, during which mostly cold-temperate species have decreased in cover and others have disappeared. On the other hand, other species have increased in abundance. These shifts could be related with the modification of environmental factors that determine species distribution caused by climate change. A standardised sampling methodology was applied at 18 sites along the north coast of Spain in 2011 and 2017. The relationship between the coverage of intertidal macroalgal species and abiotic variables (sea surface temperature, air temperature and significant wave height) was analysed in order to detect possible changes in the historical data. Results suggest a modification in the communities in the inner part of the Bay of Biscay, mostly related to an increase in water and air temperature. Each seaweed group (warm-temperate, cold-temperate, opportunistic and exotic species) showed a different pattern of modification. Coralline algae, Bifurcaria bifurcata and Cystoseira baccata have increased, which may be related to the warming trend. The exotic species Asparagopsis armata has also increased, particularly in the Lower Rias. On the other hand, there was a drastic decrease of the cold-temperate species Himanthalia elongata. Data obtained support the relationship of macroalgae species communities and environment in the context of climate change in this particular area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Ramos
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, PCTCAN, 39011, Santander, Spain.
| | - Xabier Guinda
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, PCTCAN, 39011, Santander, Spain.
| | - Araceli Puente
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, PCTCAN, 39011, Santander, Spain.
| | - Camino F de la Hoz
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, PCTCAN, 39011, Santander, Spain.
| | - José A Juanes
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, PCTCAN, 39011, Santander, Spain.
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28
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Sotelo G, Duvetorp M, Costa D, Panova M, Johannesson K, Faria R. Phylogeographic history of flat periwinkles, Littorina fabalis and L. obtusata. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:23. [PMID: 32039690 PMCID: PMC7011314 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The flat periwinkles, Littorina fabalis and L. obtusata, are two sister species widely distributed throughout the Northern Atlantic shores with high potential to inform us about the process of ecological speciation in the intertidal. However, whether gene flow has occurred during their divergence is still a matter of debate. A comprehensive assessment of the genetic diversity of these species is also lacking and their main glacial refugia and dispersal barriers remain largely unknown. In order to fill these gaps, we sequenced two mitochondrial genes and two nuclear fragments to perform a phylogeographic analysis of flat periwinkles across their distribution range. Results We identified two main clades largely composed by species-specific haplotypes corresponding to L. obtusata and L. fabalis, with moderate to strong support, respectively. Importantly, a model of divergence with gene flow between the two species (from L. obtusata to L. fabalis) was better supported, both in Iberia and in northern-central Europe. Three mitochondrial clades were detected within L. fabalis and two within L. obtusata, with strong divergence between Iberia and the remaining populations. The largest component of the genetic variance within each species was explained by differences between geographic regions associated with these clades. Our data suggests that overall intraspecific genetic diversity is similar between the two flat periwinkle species and that populations from Iberia tend to be less diverse than populations from northern-central Europe. Conclusions The phylogeographic analysis of this sister-species pair supports divergence with gene flow. This system thus provides us with the opportunity to study the contribution of gene flow and natural selection during diversification. The distribution of the different clades suggests the existence of glacial refugia in Iberia and northern-central Europe for both species, with a main phylogeographic break between these regions. Although the genetic diversity results are not fully conclusive, the lower diversity observed in Iberia could reflect marginal conditions at the southern limit of their distribution range during the current interglacial period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Sotelo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mårten Duvetorp
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Diana Costa
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Marina Panova
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Johannesson
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Rui Faria
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal. .,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK. .,IBE, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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Costa D, Sotelo G, Kaliontzopoulou A, Carvalho J, Butlin R, Hollander J, Faria R. Hybridization patterns between two marine snails, Littorina fabalis and L. obtusata. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:1158-1179. [PMID: 32076505 PMCID: PMC7029087 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the patterns of hybridization between closely related species is crucial to understand the role of gene flow in speciation. In particular, systems comprising multiple contacts between sister species offer an outstanding opportunity to investigate how reproductive isolation varies with environmental conditions, demography and geographic contexts of divergence. The flat periwinkles, Littorina obtusata and L. fabalis (Gastropoda), are two intertidal sister species with marked ecological differences compatible with late stages of speciation. Although hybridization between the two was previously suggested, its extent across the Atlantic shores of Europe remained largely unknown. Here, we combined genetic (microsatellites and mtDNA) and morphological data (shell and male genital morphology) from multiple populations of flat periwinkles in north-western Iberia to assess the extent of current and past hybridization between L. obtusata and L. fabalis under two contrasting geographic settings of divergence (sympatry and allopatry). Hybridization signatures based on both mtDNA and microsatellites were stronger in sympatric sites, although evidence for recent extensive admixture was found in a single location. Misidentification of individuals into species based on shell morphology was higher in sympatric than in allopatric sites. However, despite hybridization, species distinctiveness based on this phenotypic trait together with male genital morphology remained relatively high. The observed variation in the extent of hybridization among locations provides a rare opportunity for future studies on the consequences of different levels of gene flow for reinforcement, thus informing about the mechanisms underlying the completion of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Costa
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- CIIMARInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental ResearchUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Graciela Sotelo
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - João Carvalho
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- cE3cCentre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental ChangesDepartamento de Biologia AnimalFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Roger Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Johan Hollander
- Department of BiologyAquatic Ecology UnitLund UniversityLundSweden
- Global Ocean InstituteWorld Maritime UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Rui Faria
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- CIIMARInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental ResearchUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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30
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Hereward HFR, King NG, Smale DA. Intra-Annual Variability in Responses of a Canopy Forming Kelp to Cumulative Low Tide Heat Stress: Implications for Populations at the Trailing Range Edge. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:146-158. [PMID: 31571218 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is driving the redistribution of species at a global scale. For marine species, populations at trailing edges often live very close to their upper thermal limits and, as such, poleward range contractions are one of the most pervasive effects of ongoing and predicted warming. However, the mechanics of processes driving such contractions are poorly understood. Here, we examined the response of the habitat forming kelp, Laminaria digitata, to realistic terrestrial heatwave simulations akin to those experienced by intertidal populations persisting at the trailing range edge in the northeast Atlantic (SW England). We conducted experiments in both spring and autumn to determine temporal variability in the effects of heatwaves. In spring, heatwave scenarios caused minimal stress to L. digitata but in autumn all scenarios tested resulted in tissue being nonviable by the end of each assay. The effects of heatwave scenarios were only apparent after consecutive exposures, indicating erosion of resilience over time. Monthly field surveys corroborated experimental evidence as the prevalence of bleaching (an indication of physiological stress and tissue damage) in natural populations was greatest in autumn and early winter. Overall, our data showed that L. digitata populations in SW England persist close to their upper physiological limits for emersion stress in autumn. As the intensity of extreme warming events is likely to increase with anthropogenic climate change, thermal conditions experienced during periods of emersion will soon exceed physiological thresholds and will likely induce widespread mortality and consequent changes at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah F R Hereward
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Nathan G King
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
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31
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Greiser C, Ehrlén J, Meineri E, Hylander K. Hiding from the climate: Characterizing microrefugia for boreal forest understory species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:471-483. [PMID: 31833152 PMCID: PMC7027894 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming is likely to shift the range margins of species poleward, but fine-scale temperature differences near the ground (microclimates) may modify these range shifts. For example, cold-adapted species may survive in microrefugia when the climate gets warmer. However, it is still largely unknown to what extent cold microclimates govern the local persistence of populations at their warm range margin. We located 99 microrefugia, defined as sites with edge populations of 12 widespread boreal forest understory species (vascular plants, mosses, liverworts and lichens) in an area of ca. 24,000 km2 along the species' southern range margin in central Sweden. Within each population, a logger measured temperature eight times per day during one full year. Using univariate and multivariate analyses, we examined the differences of the populations' microclimates with the mean and range of microclimates in the landscape, and identified the typical climate, vegetation and topographic features of these habitats. Comparison sites were drawn from another logger data set (n = 110), and from high-resolution microclimate maps. The microrefugia were mainly places characterized by lower summer and autumn maximum temperatures, late snow melt dates and high climate stability. Microrefugia also had higher forest basal area and lower solar radiation in spring and autumn than the landscape average. Although there were common trends across northern species in how microrefugia differed from the landscape average, there were also interspecific differences and some species contributed more than others to the overall results. Our findings provide biologically meaningful criteria to locate and spatially predict potential climate microrefugia in the boreal forest. This opens up the opportunity to protect valuable sites, and adapt forest management, for example, by keeping old-growth forests at topographically shaded sites. These measures may help to mitigate the loss of genetic and species diversity caused by rear-edge contractions in a warmer climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Greiser
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Johan Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Eric Meineri
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- CNRSIRDIMBEAix Marseille University, University of AvignonMarseilleFrance
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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Ayres-Ostrock LM, Valero M, Mauger S, Oliveira MC, Plastino EM, Guillemin ML, Destombe C. Dual influence of terrestrial and marine historical processes on the phylogeography of the Brazilian intertidal red alga Gracilaria caudata. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:1096-1114. [PMID: 31206679 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored how past terrestrial and marine climate changes have interacted to shape the phylogeographic patterns of the intertidal red seaweed Gracilaria caudata, an economically important species exploited for agar production in the Brazilian north-east. Seven sites were sampled along the north-east tropical and south-east sub-tropical Brazilian coast. The genetic diversity and structure of G. caudata was inferred using a combination of mitochondrial (COI and cox2-3), chloroplast (rbcL) and 15 nuclear microsatellite markers. A remarkable congruence between nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast data revealed clear separation between the north-east (from 03° S to 08° S) and the south-east (from 20° S to 23° S) coast of Brazil. These two clades differ in their demographic histories, with signatures of recent demographic expansions in the north-east and divergent populations in the south-east, suggesting the maintenance of several refugia during the last glacial maximum due to sea-level rise and fall. The Bahia region (around 12° S) occupies an intermediate position between both clades. Microsatellites and mtDNA markers showed additional levels of genetic structure within each sampled site located south of Bahia. The separation between the two main groups in G. caudata is likely recent, probably occurring during the Quaternary glacial cycles. The genetic breaks are concordant with (i) those separating terrestrial refugia, (ii) major river outflows and (iii) frontiers between tropical and subtropical regions. Taken together with previously published eco-physiological studies that showed differences in the physiological performance of the strains from distinct locations, these results suggest that the divergent clades in G. caudata correspond to distinct ecotypes in the process of incipient speciation and thus should be considered for the management policy of this commercially important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia M Ayres-Ostrock
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP: 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Myriam Valero
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Stéphane Mauger
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Mariana C Oliveira
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP: 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Estela M Plastino
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP: 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marie-Laure Guillemin
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Christophe Destombe
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
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Barboza FR, Kotta J, Weinberger F, Jormalainen V, Kraufvelin P, Molis M, Schubert H, Pavia H, Nylund GM, Kautsky L, Schagerström E, Rickert E, Saha M, Fredriksen S, Martin G, Torn K, Ruuskanen A, Wahl M. Geographic variation in fitness-related traits of the bladderwrack Fucus vesiculosus along the Baltic Sea-North Sea salinity gradient. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:9225-9238. [PMID: 31463018 PMCID: PMC6706220 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of the ongoing global intensification and diversification of human pressures, the study of variation patterns of biological traits along environmental gradients can provide relevant information on the performance of species under shifting conditions. The pronounced salinity gradient, co-occurrence of multiple stressors, and accelerated rates of change make the Baltic Sea and its transition to North Sea a suitable region for this type of study. Focusing on the bladderwrack Fucus vesiculosus, one of the main foundation species on hard-bottoms of the Baltic Sea, we analyzed the phenotypic variation among populations occurring along 2,000 km of coasts subjected to salinities from 4 to >30 and a variety of other stressors. Morphological and biochemical traits, including palatability for grazers, were recorded at 20 stations along the Baltic Sea and four stations in the North Sea. We evaluated in a common modeling framework the relative contribution of multiple environmental drivers to the observed trait patterns. Salinity was the main and, in some cases, the only environmental driver of the geographic trait variation in F. vesiculosus. The decrease in salinity from North Sea to Baltic Sea stations was accompanied by a decline in thallus size, photosynthetic pigments, and energy storage compounds, and affected the interaction of the alga with herbivores and epibiota. For some traits, drivers that vary locally such as wave exposure, light availability or nutrient enrichment were also important. The strong genetic population structure in this macroalgae might play a role in the generation and maintenance of phenotypic patterns across geographic scales. In light of our results, the desalination process projected for the Baltic Sea could have detrimental impacts on F. vesiculosus in areas close to its tolerance limit, affecting ecosystem functions such as habitat formation, primary production, and food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonne Kotta
- Estonian Marine InstituteUniversity of TartuTallinnEstonia
| | | | | | - Patrik Kraufvelin
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Coastal ResearchSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesÖregrundSweden
| | - Markus Molis
- Alfred‐Wegener‐InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
| | | | - Henrik Pavia
- Department of Marine Sciences – TjärnöUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | - Göran M. Nylund
- Department of Marine Sciences – TjärnöUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | - Lena Kautsky
- Baltic Sea CentreStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Ellen Schagerström
- Department of Ecology, Environment & Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Esther Rickert
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielKielGermany
| | - Mahasweta Saha
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielKielGermany
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
- Marine Ecology and BiodiversityPlymouth Marine LaboratoryPlymouthUK
| | | | - Georg Martin
- Estonian Marine InstituteUniversity of TartuTallinnEstonia
| | - Kaire Torn
- Estonian Marine InstituteUniversity of TartuTallinnEstonia
| | | | - Martin Wahl
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielKielGermany
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Westmeijer G, Everaert G, Pirlet H, De Clerck O, Vandegehuchte MB. Mechanistic niche modelling to identify favorable growth sites of temperate macroalgae. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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35
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Kolzenburg R, Nicastro KR, McCoy SJ, Ford AT, Zardi GI, Ragazzola F. Understanding the margin squeeze: Differentiation in fitness-related traits between central and trailing edge populations of Corallina officinalis. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:5787-5801. [PMID: 31160999 PMCID: PMC6540663 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Assessing population responses to climate-related environmental change is key to understanding the adaptive potential of the species as a whole. Coralline algae are critical components of marine shallow water ecosystems where they function as important ecosystem engineers. Populations of the calcifying algae Corallina officinalis from the center (southern UK) and periphery (northern Spain) of the North Atlantic species natural distribution were selected to test for functional differentiation in thermal stress response. Physiological measurements of calcification, photosynthesis, respiration, growth rates, oxygen, and calcification evolution curves were performed using closed cell respirometry methods. Species identity was genetically confirmed via DNA barcoding. Through a common garden approach, we identified distinct vulnerability to thermal stress of central and peripheral populations. Southern populations showed a decrease in photosynthetic rate under environmental conditions of central locations, and central populations showed a decline in calcification rates under southern conditions. This shows that the two processes of calcification and photosynthesis are not as tightly coupled as previously assumed. How the species as whole will react to future climatic changes will be determined by the interplay of local environmental conditions and these distinct population adaptive traits. OPEN RESEARCH BADGES This article has earned an Open Materials Badge for making publicly available the components of the research methodology needed to reproduce the reported procedure and analysis. All materials are available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.899568.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katy R. Nicastro
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - Sophie J. McCoy
- Department of Biological SciencesFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFlorida
| | - Alex T. Ford
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | - Gerardo I. Zardi
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyRhodes UniversityGrahamstownSouth Africa
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36
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Zhang J, Yao J, Hu Z, Jueterbock A, Yotsukura N, Krupnova TN, Nagasato C, Duan D. Phylogeographic diversification and postglacial range dynamics shed light on the conservation of the kelp Saccharina japonica. Evol Appl 2019; 12:791-803. [PMID: 30976310 PMCID: PMC6439492 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of postglacial range shifts could enhance our understanding of seaweed species' responses to climate change and hence facilitate the conservation of natural resources. However, the distribution dynamics and phylogeographic diversification of the commercially and ecologically important kelp Saccharina japonica in the Northwest Pacific (NWP) are still poorly surveyed. In this study, we analyzed the evolutionary history of S. japonica using two mitochondrial markers and 24 nuclear microsatellites. A STRUCTURE analysis revealed two partially isolated lineages: lineage H, which is scattered along the coast of Japan; and lineage P, which occurs along the west coast of the Japan Sea. Ecological niche modeling projections to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) revealed that the southern coasts of the Japan Sea and the Pacific side of the Oshima and Honshu Peninsulas provided the most suitable habitats for S. japonica, implying that these regions served as ancient refugia during the LGM. Ancient isolation in different refugia may explain the observed divergence between lineages P and H. An approximate Bayesian computation analysis indicated that the two lineages experienced post-LGM range expansion and that postglacial secondary contact occurred in Sakhalin. Model projections into the year 2,100 predicted that S. japonica will shift northwards and lose its genetic diversity center on the Oshima Peninsula in Hokkaido and Shimokita Peninsula in Honshu. The range shifts and evolutionary history of S. japonica improve our understanding of how climate change impacted the distribution range and diversity of this species and provide useful information for the conservation of natural resources under ongoing environmental change in the NWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Lab of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Jianting Yao
- Key Lab of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Zi‐Min Hu
- Key Lab of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | | | | | | | - Chikako Nagasato
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern BiosphereHokkaido UniversityMuroranJapan
| | - Delin Duan
- Key Lab of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
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37
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New Evidence of Marine Fauna Tropicalization off the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula (Southwest Europe). DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and the overall increase of seawater temperature are causing a poleward shift in species distribution, which includes a phenomenon described as the tropicalization of temperate regions. This work aims to report the first records of four species off the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, namely, the oceanic puffer Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758), the Madeira rockfish Scorpaena maderensis Valenciennes, 1833, the ornate wrasse Thalassoma pavo (Linnaeus, 1758), and the bearded fireworm Hermodice carunculata (Pallas, 1766). These last three species, along with other occurrences of aquatic fauna and flora along the Portuguese coast, reveal an ongoing process of poleward expansion of several species, which urgently necessitates a comprehensive survey along the entire Iberian Peninsula. The putative origins of these subtropical and tropical species off continental Portugal are discussed, as well as the potential public health problems that two of the four reported species may cause.
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38
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Donelson JM, Sunday JM, Figueira WF, Gaitán-Espitia JD, Hobday AJ, Johnson CR, Leis JM, Ling SD, Marshall D, Pandolfi JM, Pecl G, Rodgers GG, Booth DJ, Munday PL. Understanding interactions between plasticity, adaptation and range shifts in response to marine environmental change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180186. [PMID: 30966966 PMCID: PMC6365866 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is leading to shifts in species geographical distributions, but populations are also probably adapting to environmental change at different rates across their range. Owing to a lack of natural and empirical data on the influence of phenotypic adaptation on range shifts of marine species, we provide a general conceptual model for understanding population responses to climate change that incorporates plasticity and adaptation to environmental change in marine ecosystems. We use this conceptual model to help inform where within the geographical range each mechanism will probably operate most strongly and explore the supporting evidence in species. We then expand the discussion from a single-species perspective to community-level responses and use the conceptual model to visualize and guide research into the important yet poorly understood processes of plasticity and adaptation. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of plasticity in phenotypic adaptation to rapid environmental change'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Donelson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | | | - Will F. Figueira
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Juan Diego Gaitán-Espitia
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | | | - Craig R. Johnson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M. Leis
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2001, Australia
| | - Scott D. Ling
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Dustin Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - John M. Pandolfi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gretta Pecl
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Giverny G. Rodgers
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - David J. Booth
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Philip L. Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
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Savva I, Bennett S, Roca G, Jordà G, Marbà N. Thermal tolerance of Mediterranean marine macrophytes: Vulnerability to global warming. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12032-12043. [PMID: 30598797 PMCID: PMC6303755 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea is warming at three times the rate of the global ocean raising concerns about the vulnerability of marine organisms to climate change. Macrophytes play a key role in coastal ecosystems, therefore predicting how warming will affect these key species is critical to understand the effects of climate change on Mediterranean coastal ecosystems. We measured the physiological performance of six dominant native Mediterranean macrophytes under ten temperature treatments ranging from 12 to 34°C to examine their thermal niche, and vulnerability to projected warming in the western Mediterranean up until 2100. Among the macrophytes tested, Cymodocea nodosa was the species with the highest thermal optima and it was beyond current summer temperature. Therefore, C. nodosa may benefit from projected warming over the coming century. The optimal temperature for growth of the other species (Posidonia oceanica, Cystoseira compressa, Padina pavonica, Caulerpa prolifera, and Halimeda tuna) was lower. Similarly, the species presented different upper lethal limits, spanning at least across 5.1°C between 28.9°C (P. oceanica) and >34°C (C. nodosa). Our results demonstrate the variable physiological responses of species within the same local community to temperature changes and highlight important potential differences in climate change vulnerability, among species within coastal marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Savva
- Global Change Research GroupInstitut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats (CSIC‐UIB)EsporlesSpain
- Marine and Environmental Research (MER) LabLimassolCyprus
| | - Scott Bennett
- Global Change Research GroupInstitut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats (CSIC‐UIB)EsporlesSpain
| | - Guillem Roca
- Global Change Research GroupInstitut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats (CSIC‐UIB)EsporlesSpain
| | - Gabriel Jordà
- Marine Ecosystem Dynamics GroupInstitut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats (CSIC‐UIB)EsporlesSpain
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) Centre Oceanogràfic de BalearsPalmaSpain
| | - Núria Marbà
- Global Change Research GroupInstitut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats (CSIC‐UIB)EsporlesSpain
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40
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Khan AH, Levac E, Van Guelphen L, Pohle G, Chmura GL. The effect of global climate change on the future distribution of economically important macroalgae (seaweeds) in the northwest Atlantic. Facets (Ott) 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2017-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in greenhouse gas emissions has led to a rise in average global air and ocean temperatures. Increased sea surface temperatures can cause changes in species’ distributions, particularly those species close to their thermal tolerance limits. We use a bioclimate envelope approach to assess potential shifts in the range of marine macroalgae harvested in North American waters: rockweed ( Fucus vesiculosus Linnaeus, 1753), serrated wrack ( Fucus serratus Linnaeus, 1753), knotted wrack ( Ascophyllum nodosum (Linnaeus) Le Jolis, 1863), carrageen moss ( Chondrus crispus Stackhouse, 1797), and three kelp species ( Laminaria digitata (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux, 1813; Saccharina latissima (Linnaeus) C.E. Lane, C. Mayes, Druehl et G.W. Saunders, 2006; and Saccharina longicruris (Bachelot de la Pylaie) Kuntze, 1891). We determined species’ thermal limits from the current sea surface temperatures associated with their geographical distributions. Future distributions were based on sea surface temperatures projected for the year ∼2100 by four atmosphere-ocean general circulation models and earth system models for regional concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. Future distributions based on RCP 8.5 indicate that the presence of all but rockweed ( F. vesiculosus) is likely to be threatened by warming waters in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia. Range retractions of macroalgae will have significant ecological and economic effects including impacts on commercial fisheries and harvest rates and losses of floral and faunal biodiversity and production, and should be considered in the designation of marine protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina H. Khan
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Levac
- Department of Environmental Studies and Geography, Bishop’s University, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 1Z7, Canada
| | - Lou Van Guelphen
- Atlantic Reference Centre, Huntsman Marine Science Centre, St. Andrews, NB E5B 2L7, Canada
| | - Gerhard Pohle
- Atlantic Reference Centre, Huntsman Marine Science Centre, St. Andrews, NB E5B 2L7, Canada
| | - Gail L. Chmura
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B9, Canada
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Martínez B, Radford B, Thomsen MS, Connell SD, Carreño F, Bradshaw CJA, Fordham DA, Russell BD, Gurgel CFD, Wernberg T. Distribution models predict large contractions of habitat-forming seaweeds in response to ocean warming. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brezo Martínez
- Departamento de Biología y Geología; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; Móstoles Spain
| | - Ben Radford
- Australian Institute of Marine Science; Crawley WA Australia
| | - Mads S. Thomsen
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences; The University of Western Australia; Crawley WA Australia
- Marine Ecology Research Group; School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Sean D. Connell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories; DP418; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Francisco Carreño
- Departamento de Biología y Geología; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; Móstoles Spain
| | - Corey J. A. Bradshaw
- Global Ecology; College of Science and Engineering; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Damien A. Fordham
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Bayden D. Russell
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - C. Frederico D. Gurgel
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
- Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources; State Herbarium of South Australia; Kent Town SA Australia
- South Australian Research and Development Institute; Aquatic Sciences; Henley Beach SA Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences; The University of Western Australia; Crawley WA Australia
- Department of Science and Environment; Roskilde University; Roskilde Denmark
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42
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Mota CF, Engelen AH, Serrao EA, Coelho MAG, Marbà N, Krause-Jensen D, Pearson GA. Differentiation in fitness-related traits in response to elevated temperatures between leading and trailing edge populations of marine macrophytes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203666. [PMID: 30212558 PMCID: PMC6136734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The nature of species distribution boundaries is a key subject in ecology and evolution. Edge populations are potentially more exposed to climate-related environmental pressures. Despite research efforts, little is known about variability in fitness-related traits in leading (i.e., colder, high latitude) versus trailing (i.e., warmer, low latitude) edge populations. We tested whether the resilience, i.e. the resistance and recovery, of key traits differs between a distributional cold (Greenland) and warm (Portugal) range edge population of two foundation marine macrophytes, the intertidal macroalga Fucus vesiculosus and the subtidal seagrass Zostera marina. The resistance and recovery of edge populations to elevated seawater temperatures was compared under common experimental conditions using photosynthetic efficiency and expression of heat shock proteins (HSP). Cold and warm edge populations differed in their response, but this was species specific. The warm edge population of F. vesiculosus showed higher thermal resistance and recovery whereas the cold leading edge was less tolerant. The opposite was observed in Z. marina, with reduced recovery at the warm edge, while the cold edge was not markedly affected by warming. Our results confirm that differentiation of thermal stress responses can occur between leading and trailing edges, but such responses depend on local population traits and are thus not predictable just based on thermal pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina F. Mota
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), CIMAR, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Aschwin H. Engelen
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), CIMAR, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ester A. Serrao
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), CIMAR, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Márcio A. G. Coelho
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), CIMAR, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Núria Marbà
- Department of Global Change Research, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Dorte Krause-Jensen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gareth A. Pearson
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), CIMAR, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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43
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Bulleri F, Eriksson BK, Queirós A, Airoldi L, Arenas F, Arvanitidis C, Bouma TJ, Crowe TP, Davoult D, Guizien K, Iveša L, Jenkins SR, Michalet R, Olabarria C, Procaccini G, Serrão EA, Wahl M, Benedetti-Cecchi L. Harnessing positive species interactions as a tool against climate-driven loss of coastal biodiversity. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2006852. [PMID: 30180154 PMCID: PMC6138402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat-forming species sustain biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in harsh environments through the amelioration of physical stress. Nonetheless, their role in shaping patterns of species distribution under future climate scenarios is generally overlooked. Focusing on coastal systems, we assess how habitat-forming species can influence the ability of stress-sensitive species to exhibit plastic responses, adapt to novel environmental conditions, or track suitable climates. Here, we argue that habitat-former populations could be managed as a nature-based solution against climate-driven loss of biodiversity. Drawing from different ecological and biological disciplines, we identify a series of actions to sustain the resilience of marine habitat-forming species to climate change, as well as their effectiveness and reliability in rescuing stress-sensitive species from increasingly adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bulleri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Britas Klemens Eriksson
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Queirós
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Airoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali, University of Bologna, CoNISMa, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Francisco Arenas
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Christos Arvanitidis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Thalassokosmos, Crete, Greece
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems and Utrecht University, Yerseke, the Netherlands
| | - Tasman P Crowe
- Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dominique Davoult
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Roscoff, France
| | - Katell Guizien
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB), Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Ljiljana Iveša
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Research, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Stuart R Jenkins
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Celia Olabarria
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias del Mar, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Ester A Serrão
- CCMAR, CIMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Martin Wahl
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
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Buonomo R, Chefaoui RM, Lacida RB, Engelen AH, Serrão EA, Airoldi L. Predicted extinction of unique genetic diversity in marine forests of Cystoseira spp. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 138:119-128. [PMID: 29716751 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is inducing shifts in species ranges across the globe. These can affect the genetic pools of species, including loss of genetic variability and evolutionary potential. In particular, geographically enclosed ecosystems, like the Mediterranean Sea, have a higher risk of suffering species loss and genetic erosion due to barriers to further range shifts and to dispersal. In this study, we address these questions for three habitat-forming seaweed species, Cystoseira tamariscifolia, C. amentacea and C. compressa, throughout their entire ranges in the Atlantic and Mediterranean regions. We aim to 1) describe their population genetic structure and diversity, 2) model the present and predict the future distribution and 3) assess the consequences of predicted future range shifts for their population genetic structure, according to two contrasting future climate change scenarios. A net loss of suitable areas was predicted in both climatic scenarios across the range of distribution of the three species. This loss was particularly severe for C. amentacea in the Mediterranean Sea (less 90% in the most extreme climatic scenario), suggesting that the species could become potentially at extinction risk. For all species, genetic data showed very differentiated populations, indicating low inter-population connectivity, and high and distinct genetic diversity in areas that were predicted to become lost, causing erosion of unique evolutionary lineages. Our results indicated that the Mediterranean Sea is the most threatened region, where future suitable Cystoseira habitats will become more limited. This is likely to have wider ecosystem impacts as there is a lack of species with the same ecological niche and functional role in the Mediterranean. The projected accelerated loss of already fragmented and disturbed populations and the long-term genetic effects highlight the urge for local scale management strategies that sustain the capacity of these habitat-forming species to persist despite climatic impacts while waiting for global emission reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Buonomo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali, University of Bologna, UO Conisma, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy; CCMAR-CIMAR Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Rosa M Chefaoui
- CCMAR-CIMAR Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Bermejo Lacida
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain; Irish Seaweed Research Group & Earth and Ocean Sciences Department, Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aschwin H Engelen
- CCMAR-CIMAR Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ester A Serrão
- CCMAR-CIMAR Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Laura Airoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali, University of Bologna, UO Conisma, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy.
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Jueterbock A, Coyer JA, Olsen JL, Hoarau G. Decadal stability in genetic variation and structure in the intertidal seaweed Fucus serratus (Heterokontophyta: Fucaceae). BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:94. [PMID: 29907080 PMCID: PMC6002991 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spatial distribution of genetic diversity and structure has important implications for conservation as it reveals a species' strong and weak points with regard to stability and evolutionary capacity. Temporal genetic stability is rarely tested in marine species other than commercially important fishes, but is crucial for the utility of temporal snapshots in conservation management. High and stable diversity can help to mitigate the predicted northward range shift of seaweeds under the impact of climate change. Given the key ecological role of fucoid seaweeds along rocky shores, the positive effect of genetic diversity may reach beyond the species level to stabilize the entire intertidal ecosystem along the temperate North Atlantic. In this study, we estimated the effective population size, as well as temporal changes in genetic structure and diversity of the seaweed F. serratus using 22 microsatellite markers. Samples were taken across latitudes and a range of temperature regimes at seven locations with decadal sampling (2000 and 2010). RESULTS Across latitudes, genetic structure and diversity remained stable over 5-10 generations. Stable small-scale structure enhanced regional diversity throughout the species' range. In accordance with its biogeographic history, effective population size and diversity peaked in the species' mid-range in Brittany (France), and declined towards its leading and trailing edge to the north and south. At the species' southern edge, multi-locus-heterozygosity displayed a strong decline from 1999 to 2010. CONCLUSION Temporally stable genetic structure over small spatial scales is a potential driver for local adaptation and species radiation in the genus Fucus. Survival and adaptation of the low-diversity leading edge of F. serratus may be enhanced by regional gene flow and 'surfing' of favorable mutations or impaired by the accumulation of deleterious mutations. Our results have clear implications for the conservation of F. serratus at its genetically unique southern edge in Northwest Iberia, where increasing temperatures are likely the major cause for the decline not only of F. serratus, but also other intertidal and subtidal macroalgae. We expect that F. serratus will disappear from Northwest Iberia by 2100 if genetic rescue is not induced by the influx of genetic variation from Brittany.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James A Coyer
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodø, Norway
- Shoals Marine Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Jeanine L Olsen
- Ecological Genetics-Genomics Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Galice Hoarau
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodø, Norway
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Duarte L, Viejo RM. Environmental and phenotypic heterogeneity of populations at the trailing range-edge of the habitat-forming macroalga Fucus serratus. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 136:16-26. [PMID: 29478764 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Empirical work on the dynamics of range limits of species distributions often lack replications of edge populations. We compared the local environment and performance of two groups of geographically peripheral populations of the foundation intertidal alga Fucus serratus L. at its southern range boundary in the NW Iberian Peninsula. Two populations were located on the Western Galician coast in large embayments or rias, and the other two on a Northern open coastal stretch in Lugo province. Sharp differences were detected in the local environment and performance of the two groups of populations. While recruitment was quite consistent throughout the year in rias, it was very limited and variable in Lugo. Furthermore, thalli from rias were severely damaged following their transplantation in Lugo, and poor conditions of local adult plants were detected there in subsequent years. These results suggest a higher vulnerability of Lugo populations under new climate conditions, while western rias, strongly influenced by upwelling events, feasibly act as contemporary refugia for this species. If sustained over time, these refugia may mitigate the retreat of the seaweed' rear-edge predicted by large spatial scale models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linney Duarte
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Viejo
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
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47
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Assis J, Araújo MB, Serrão EA. Projected climate changes threaten ancient refugia of kelp forests in the North Atlantic. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:e55-e66. [PMID: 28710898 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific genetic variability is critical for species adaptation and evolution and yet it is generally overlooked in projections of the biological consequences of climate change. We ask whether ongoing climate changes can cause the loss of important gene pools from North Atlantic relict kelp forests that persisted over glacial-interglacial cycles. We use ecological niche modelling to predict genetic diversity hotspots for eight species of large brown algae with different thermal tolerances (Arctic to warm temperate), estimated as regions of persistence throughout the Last Glacial Maximum (20,000 YBP), the warmer Mid-Holocene (6,000 YBP), and the present. Changes in the genetic diversity within ancient refugia were projected for the future (year 2100) under two contrasting climate change scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). Models predicted distributions that matched empirical distributions in cross-validation, and identified distinct refugia at the low latitude ranges, which largely coincide among species with similar ecological niches. Transferred models into the future projected polewards expansions and substantial range losses in lower latitudes, where richer gene pools are expected (in Nova Scotia and Iberia for cold affinity species and Gibraltar, Alboran, and Morocco for warm-temperate species). These effects were projected for both scenarios but were intensified under the extreme RCP8.5 scenario, with the complete borealization (circum-Arctic colonization) of kelp forests, the redistribution of the biogeographical transitional zones of the North Atlantic, and the erosion of global gene pools across all species. As the geographic distribution of genetic variability is unknown for most marine species, our results represent a baseline for identification of locations potentially rich in unique phylogeographic lineages that are also climatic relics in threat of disappearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Assis
- Center of Marine Sciences, CCMAR-CIMAR, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Miguel B Araújo
- National Museum of Natural Sciences, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- InBio/CIBIO, University of Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, Évora, Portugal
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ester A Serrão
- Center of Marine Sciences, CCMAR-CIMAR, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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48
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Lourenço CR, Nicastro KR, McQuaid CD, Chefaoui RM, Assis J, Taleb MZ, Zardi GI. Evidence for rangewide panmixia despite multiple barriers to dispersal in a marine mussel. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10279. [PMID: 28860631 PMCID: PMC5579014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oceanographic features shape the distributional and genetic patterns of marine species by interrupting or promoting connections among populations. Although general patterns commonly arise, distributional ranges and genetic structure are species-specific and do not always comply with the expected trends. By applying a multimarker genetic approach combined with Lagrangian particle simulations (LPS) we tested the hypothesis that oceanographic features along northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean shores influence dispersal potential and genetic structure of the intertidal mussel Perna perna. Additionally, by performing environmental niche modelling we assessed the potential and realized niche of P. perna along its entire native distributional range and the environmental factors that best explain its realized distribution. Perna perna showed evidence of panmixia across >4,000 km despite several oceanographic breaking points detected by LPS. This is probably the result of a combination of life history traits, continuous habitat availability and stepping-stone dynamics. Moreover, the niche modelling framework depicted minimum sea surface temperatures (SST) as the major factor shaping P. perna distributional range limits along its native areas. Forthcoming warming SST is expected to further change these limits and allow the species to expand its range polewards though this may be accompanied by retreat from warmer areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla R Lourenço
- CCMAR-CIMAR - Associated Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal. .,Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- CCMAR-CIMAR - Associated Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Christopher D McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Rosa M Chefaoui
- CCMAR-CIMAR - Associated Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Jorge Assis
- CCMAR-CIMAR - Associated Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Mohammed Z Taleb
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Oran Ahmed Ben Bella, 31000, Oran, Algeria
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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Assis J, Berecibar E, Claro B, Alberto F, Reed D, Raimondi P, Serrão EA. Major shifts at the range edge of marine forests: the combined effects of climate changes and limited dispersal. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44348. [PMID: 28276501 PMCID: PMC5343584 DOI: 10.1038/srep44348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Global climate change is likely to constrain low latitude range edges across many taxa and habitats. Such is the case for NE Atlantic marine macroalgal forests, important ecosystems whose main structuring species is the annual kelp Saccorhiza polyschides. We coupled ecological niche modelling with simulations of potential dispersal and delayed development stages to infer the major forces shaping range edges and to predict their dynamics. Models indicated that the southern limit is set by high winter temperatures above the physiological tolerance of overwintering microscopic stages and reduced upwelling during recruitment. The best range predictions were achieved assuming low spatial dispersal (5 km) and delayed stages up to two years (temporal dispersal). Reconstructing distributions through time indicated losses of ~30% from 1986 to 2014, restricting S. polyschides to upwelling regions at the southern edge. Future predictions further restrict populations to a unique refugium in northwestern Iberia. Losses were dependent on the emissions scenario, with the most drastic one shifting ~38% of the current distribution by 2100. Such distributional changes might not be rescued by dispersal in space or time (as shown for the recent past) and are expected to drive major biodiversity loss and changes in ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Assis
- CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - E. Berecibar
- Estrutura de Missão para a Extensão da Plataforma Continental (EMEPC), Rua Costa Pinto 165, 2770-042, Paço de Arcos, Portugal
| | - B. Claro
- CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - F. Alberto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - D. Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - P. Raimondi
- Department of Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - E. A. Serrão
- CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Colvard N, Helmuth B. Nutrients influence the thermal ecophysiology of an intertidal macroalga: multiple stressors or multiple drivers? ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 27:669-681. [PMID: 27875010 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization of coastlines is leading to increased introduction of nutrients from the terrestrial environment to nearshore habitats. While such nutrient influxes can be detrimental to coastal marine organisms due to increased eutrophication and subsequent reduced oxygen, they could also have positive effects (i.e., increased food availability) on species that are nitrogen-limited such as macroalgae. Nutrient enrichment in this environment thus has the potential to counteract some of the negative impacts of increasing temperatures, at least for some species. Characterizing the physiological response of organisms to simultaneous changes in multiple drivers such as these is an important first step in predicting how global climate change may lead to ecological responses at more local levels. We evaluated how nutrient enrichment (i.e., nitrogen availability) affected the growth of Fucus vesiculosus, a foundational macroalgal species in the North Atlantic rocky intertidal zone, and found that nutrient-enriched algal blades showed a significant increase in tissue growth compared to individuals grown under ambient conditions. We further quantified net photosynthesis by ambient and nutrient-enriched tissues at saturating irradiance over a range of temperature conditions (6-30°C). Respiration was unaffected by nutrient treatment; however, there was a significant increase in photosynthetic oxygen production for nutrient-enriched tissue compared to ambient, but only at elevated (≥18°C) temperatures. This study contributes to a growing body of literature showing the complexity of responses to changes in multiple drivers, and highlights the importance of studying the impacts of global climate change within the context of more local environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Colvard
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, 430 Nahant Road, Nahant, Massachusetts, 01908, USA
| | - Brian Helmuth
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, 430 Nahant Road, Nahant, Massachusetts, 01908, USA
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