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Kaszubowska L, Foerster J, Kaczor JJ, Karnia MJ, Kmieć Z. Anti-Inflammatory Klotho Protein Serum Concentration Correlates with Interferon Gamma Expression Related to the Cellular Activity of Both NKT-like and T Cells in the Process of Human Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098393. [PMID: 37176100 PMCID: PMC10179552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho is a beta-glucuronidase that reveals both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties that have been associated with mechanisms of aging. The study aimed to analyze the relationships between the serum concentration of soluble α-Klotho and cellular activity of two populations of lymphocytes; T and NKT-like cells corresponding to the level of cytokine secretion; i.e., IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6. The studied population comprised three age groups: young individuals ('young'), seniors aged under 85 ('old'), and seniors aged over 85 ('oldest'). Both NKT-like and T cells were either non-cultured or cultured for 48 h and stimulated appropriately with IL-2, LPS or PMA with ionomycin to compare with unstimulated control cells. In all studied age groups non-cultured or cultured NKT-like cells revealed higher expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ than T cells. α-Klotho concentration in serum decreased significantly in the process of aging. Intriguingly, only IFN-γ expression revealed a positive correlation with α-Klotho protein serum concentration in both non-cultured and cultured T and NKT-like cells. Since IFN-γ is engaged in the maintenance of immune homeostasis, the observed relationships may indicate the involvement of α-Klotho and cellular IFN-γ expression in the network of adaptive mechanisms developed during the process of human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Kaszubowska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Foerster
- Department of Social and Clinical Gerontology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdańsk, J. Bażyńskiego 8 Street, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Jakub Karnia
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdańsk, J. Bażyńskiego 8 Street, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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2
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Jin W, Fang M, Sayin I, Smith C, Hunter JL, Richardson B, Golden JB, Haley C, Schmader KE, Betts MR, Tyring SK, Cameron CM, Cameron MJ, Canaday DH. Differential CD4+ T-Cell Cytokine and Cytotoxic Responses Between Reactivation and Latent Phases of Herpes Zoster Infection. Pathog Immun 2022; 7:171-188. [PMID: 36865570 PMCID: PMC9973729 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v7i2.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD4+ T cells are a critical component of effective immune responses to varicella zoster virus (VZV), but their functional properties during the reactivation acute vs latent phase of infection remain poorly defined. Methods Here we assessed the functional and transcriptomic properties of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in persons with acute herpes zoster (HZ) compared to those with a prior history of HZ infection using multicolor flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. Results We found significant differences between the polyfunctionality of VZV-specific total memory, effector memory, and central memory CD4+ T cells in acute vs prior HZ. VZV-specific CD4+ memory T-cell responses in acute HZ reactivation had higher frequencies of IFN-γ and IL-2 producing cells compared to those with prior HZ. In addition, cytotoxic markers were higher in VZV-specific CD4+ T cells than non-VZV-specific cells. Transcriptomic analysis of ex vivo total memory CD4+ T cells from these individuals showed differential regulation of T-cell survival and differentiation pathways, including TCR, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), T helper, inflammation, and MTOR signaling pathways. These gene signatures correlated with the frequency of IFN-γ and IL-2 producing cells responding to VZV. Conclusions In summary, VZV-specific CD4+ T cells from acute HZ individuals had unique functional and transcriptomic features, and VZV-specific CD4+ T cells as a group had a higher expression of cytotoxic molecules including Perforin, Granzyme-B, and CD107a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Jin
- Division of Infectious Diseases Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.,Division of Infectious Diseases Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mike Fang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ismail Sayin
- Division of Infectious Diseases Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Carson Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jackelyn B Golden
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Christopher Haley
- Center for Clinical Studies and Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kenneth E Schmader
- Division of Geriatrics, Duke University Medical Center and GRECC, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen K Tyring
- Center for Clinical Studies and Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Cheryl M Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mark J Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - David H Canaday
- Division of Infectious Diseases Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
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3
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Wang P, Leung J, Lam A, Lee S, Calabrese DR, Hays SR, Golden JA, Kukreja J, Singer JP, Wolters PJ, Tang Q, Greenland JR. Lung transplant recipients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have impaired alloreactive immune responses. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 41:641-653. [PMID: 34924263 PMCID: PMC9038662 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere dysfunction is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and worse outcomes following lung transplantation. Telomere dysfunction may impair immunity by upregulating p53 and arresting proliferation, but its influence on allograft-specific immune responses is unknown. We hypothesized that subjects undergoing lung transplantation for IPF would have impaired T cell proliferation to donor antigens. METHODS We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 14 IPF lung transplant recipients and 12 age-matched non-IPF subjects, before and 2 years after transplantation, as well as PBMC from 9 non-transplant controls. We quantified T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion to donor antigens. Associations between PBMC telomere length, measured by quantitative PCR, and T cell proliferation to alloantigens were evaluated with generalized estimating equation models. RESULTS IPF subjects demonstrated impaired CD8+ T cell proliferation to donor antigens pre-transplant (p < 0.05). IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 cytokine stimulation restored T cell proliferation, while p53 upregulation blocked proliferation. IPF subjects had shorter PBMC telomere lengths than non-IPF subjects (p < 0.001), and short PBMC telomere length was associated with impaired CD8+ T cell proliferation to alloantigens (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS IPF as an indication for lung transplant is associated with short PBMC telomere length and impaired T cell responses to donor antigens. However, the rescue of proliferation following cytokine exposure suggests that alloimmune anergy could be overcome. Telomere length may inform immunosuppression strategies for IPF recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joey Leung
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alice Lam
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Seoyeon Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel R Calabrese
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Medical Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California
| | - Steven R Hays
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeffery A Golden
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jasleen Kukreja
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jonathan P Singer
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Paul J Wolters
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John R Greenland
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Medical Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California.
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4
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Gustafson CE, Kim C, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Influence of immune aging on vaccine responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 145:1309-1321. [PMID: 32386655 PMCID: PMC7198995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Impaired vaccine responses in older individuals are associated with alterations in both the quantity and quality of the T-cell compartment with age. As reviewed herein, the T-cell response to vaccination requires a fine balance between the generation of inflammatory effector T cells versus follicular helper T (TFH) cells that mediate high-affinity antibody production in tandem with the induction of long-lived memory cells for effective recall immunity. During aging, we find that this balance is tipped where T cells favor short-lived effector but not memory or TFH responses. Consistently, vaccine-induced antibodies commonly display a lower protective capacity. Mechanistically, multiple, potentially targetable, changes in T cells have been identified that contribute to these age-related defects, including posttranscription regulation, T-cell receptor signaling, and metabolic function. Although research into the induction of tissue-specific immunity by vaccines and with age is still limited, current mechanistic insights provide a framework for improved design of age-specific vaccination strategies that require further evaluation in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Gustafson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Chulwoo Kim
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, Calif.
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5
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Lian J, Yue Y, Yu W, Zhang Y. Immunosenescence: a key player in cancer development. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:151. [PMID: 33168037 PMCID: PMC7653700 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a process of immune dysfunction that occurs with age and includes remodeling of lymphoid organs, leading to changes in the immune function of the elderly, which is closely related to the development of infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignant tumors. T cell-output decline is an important feature of immunosenescence as well as the production of senescence-associated secretory phenotype, increased glycolysis, and reactive oxygen species. Senescent T cells exhibit abnormal phenotypes, including downregulation of CD27, CD28, and upregulation of CD57, killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G, Tim-3, Tight, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, which are tightly related to malignant tumors. The role of immunosenescence in tumors is sophisticated: the many factors involved include cAMP, glucose competition, and oncogenic stress in the tumor microenvironment, which can induce the senescence of T cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. Accordingly, these senescent immune cells could also affect tumor progression. In addition, the effect of immunosenescence on the response to immune checkpoint blocking antibody therapy so far is ambiguous due to the low participation of elderly cancer patients in clinical trials. Furthermore, many other senescence-related interventions could be possible with genetic and pharmacological methods, including mTOR inhibition, interleukin-7 recombination, and NAD+ activation. Overall, this review aims to highlight the characteristics of immunosenescence and its impact on malignant tumors and immunotherapy, especially the future directions of tumor treatment through senescence-focused strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Lian
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Clinical Laboratory, Henan Medical College Hospital Workers, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Weina Yu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Kim C, Jadhav RR, Gustafson CE, Smithey MJ, Hirsch AJ, Uhrlaub JL, Hildebrand WH, Nikolich-Žugich J, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Defects in Antiviral T Cell Responses Inflicted by Aging-Associated miR-181a Deficiency. Cell Rep 2019; 29:2202-2216.e5. [PMID: 31747595 PMCID: PMC6957231 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of protective immunity to infections and vaccinations declines with age. Studies in healthy individuals have implicated reduced miR-181a expression in T cells as contributing to this defect. To understand the impact of miR-181a expression on antiviral responses, we examined LCMV infection in mice with miR-181ab1-deficient T cells. We found that miR-181a deficiency delays viral clearance, thereby biasing the immune response in favor of CD4 over CD8 T cells. Antigen-specific CD4 T cells in mice with miR-181a-deficient T cells expand more and have a broader TCR repertoire with preferential expansion of high-affinity T cells than in wild-type mice. Importantly, generation of antigen-specific miR-181a-deficient CD8 effector T cells is particularly impaired, resulting in lower frequencies of CD8 T cells in the liver even at time points when the infection has been cleared. Consistent with the mouse model, CD4 memory T cells in individuals infected with West Nile virus at older ages tend to be more frequent and of higher affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulwoo Kim
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - Rohit R Jadhav
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - Claire E Gustafson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - Megan J Smithey
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Alec J Hirsch
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jennifer L Uhrlaub
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - William H Hildebrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
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7
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Yang TO, Chuang YF, Chiu YL. T-cell aging in end-stage renal disease: an evolving story with CMV. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 208:281-287. [PMID: 30903371 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Established evidence from the last decade has suggested that chronic cytomegalovirus infection has strong impact on the human immune system, resulting in aggravated aging-associated T-cell changes that are associated with poorer vaccination responses, cardiovascular disease and shortened survival. Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the most severe form of chronic kidney disease, exhibit premature aging phenotypes in almost all organ systems, including the immune system. Longitudinal studies of T-cell aging in healthy humans have been scanty because it requires a large number of study subjects and a study duration for decades. In recent years, it became clear that ESRD patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection exhibit enhanced aging-related immune changes than CMV-seropositive individuals without renal disease, including chronic inflammation, decreased numbers of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, increased clonality of memory T cells with skewed repertoire and shortened telomeres. These findings lead to the hypothesis that the uremic milieu and treatment for renal failure can lead to premature aging of T cells independent from CMV infection and suggest that ESRD can be an important disease model for studying human aging. Future studies deciphering the underlying mechanisms of accelerated T cell aging in ESRD patients may eventually reveal additional insights into T-cell persistence and function during aging in CMV-seropositive, non-ESRD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- TienYu Owen Yang
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wycombe Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, High Wycombe, UK
| | - Yi-Fang Chuang
- International Health Program, National Yang Ming University School of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Epidemiology, National Yang Ming University School of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chiu
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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8
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Rudolph ME, McArthur MA, Magder LS, Barnes RS, Chen WH, Sztein MB. Age-Associated Heterogeneity of Ty21a-Induced T Cell Responses to HLA-E Restricted Salmonella Typhi Antigen Presentation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:257. [PMID: 30886613 PMCID: PMC6409365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human-restricted Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is the causative agent of typhoid fever—a life-threatening disease of great global health significance, particularly in the developing world. Ty21a is an oral live-attenuated vaccine that protects against the development of typhoid disease in part by inducing robust T cell responses, among which multifunctional CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role. Following Ty21a vaccination, a significant component of adult CTL have shown to be targeted to S. Typhi antigen presented by the conserved major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib molecule, human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E). S. Typhi challenge studies have shown that baseline, multifunctional HLA-E responsive T cells are associated with protection from, and delayed onset of, typhoid disease. However, despite the overwhelming burden of typhoid fever in school-aged children, and due to limited availability of pediatric samples, incomplete information is available regarding these important HLA-E-restricted responses in children, even though studies have shown that younger children may be less likely to develop protective cell mediated immune (CMI) responses than adults following vaccination. To address this gap, we have studied this phenomenon in depth by using mass cytometry to analyze pediatric and adult T cell responses to HLA-E-restricted S. Typhi antigen presentation, before and after Ty21a vaccination. Herein, we show variable responses in all age strata following vaccination among T effector memory (TEM) and T effector memory CD45RA+ (TEMRA) cells based on conventional gating analysis. However, by utilizing the dimensionality reduction tool tSNE (t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding), we are able to identify diverse, highly multifunctional gut-homing- TEM and TEMRA clusters of cells which are more abundant in adult and older pediatric participants than in younger children. These findings highlight a potential age-associated maturation of otherwise conserved HLA-E restricted T cell responses. Such insights, coupled with the marked importance of multifunctional T cell responses to combat infection, may better inform future pediatric vaccination strategies against S. Typhi and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Rudolph
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Maryland Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Monica A McArthur
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Laurence S Magder
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robin S Barnes
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wilbur H Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Maryland Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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9
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Alves AS, Ishimura ME, Duarte YADO, Bueno V. Parameters of the Immune System and Vitamin D Levels in Old Individuals. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1122. [PMID: 29910802 PMCID: PMC5992391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The increased number of individuals older than 80 years, centenarians, and supercentenarians is not a synonym for healthy aging, since severe infections, hospitalization, and disability are frequently observed. In this context, a possible strategy is to preserve the main characteristics/functions of the immune system with the aim to cause less damage to the organism during the aging process. Vitamin D acts on bone marrow, brain, breast, malignant cells, and immune system and has been recommended as a supplement. We aimed to evaluate whether immune parameters and vitamin D serum levels are correlated. Methods We evaluated some features of the immune system using the peripheral blood of individuals older than 80 years (n = 12) compared to young subjects (n = 10). In addition, we correlated these findings with vitamin D serum levels. Results Old individuals presented metabolic parameters of healthy aging and maintained preserved some features of immunity such as CD4/CD8 ratio, and low production of pro-inflammatory cytokines after stimulus. On the other hand, we observed increase in the frequency of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, reduction in circulating leukocytes, in the percentage of total CD8+, and in CD8+ Naïve T cells, in addition to increase in the percentage of CD8+ effector memory re-expressing CD45RA (EMRA) T cells. We found seropositivity for CMV in 97.7%, which was correlated with the decrease of CD8+ Naïve T cells and increase in CD8+ EMRA T cells. Vitamin D levels were insufficient in 50% of old individuals and correlated positively with total CD8+ T cells and negatively with CD8+ EMRA T cells. Conclusion In the studied population, longevity was correlated to maintenance of some immune parameters. Considering the limitations of the study as size of the sample and lack of functional assays, it was found that vitamin D in old individuals was correlated to some features of the immune system, mainly in the CD8 compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Soares Alves
- Division of Immunology, DMIP Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayari Eika Ishimura
- Division of Immunology, DMIP Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Valquiria Bueno
- Division of Immunology, DMIP Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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El Chakhtoura NG, Bonomo RA, Jump RLP. Influence of Aging and Environment on Presentation of Infection in Older Adults. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2018; 31:593-608. [PMID: 29079150 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In older adults, pathophysiologic, clinical, and environmental factors all affect the presentation of infections. We explore how age-related changes influence the manifestation and evaluation of infections in this population. Specific topics include immunosenescence, age-related organ-specific physiologic changes, and frailty. We also describe clinical factors influencing infection risk and presentation in older adults, including temperature regulation, cognitive decline, and malnutrition. Finally, we discuss the influence of the setting in which older adults reside on the clinical evaluation of infection. Understanding the influence of all these changes may facilitate the prevention, early recognition, and treatment of infections in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim G El Chakhtoura
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (LSCVAMC), 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195-5029, USA
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (LSCVAMC), 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195-5029, USA; Specialty Care Center of Innovation, LSCVAMC, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Research Services, LSCVAMC, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195-5029, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195-5029, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195-5029, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195-5029, USA
| | - Robin L P Jump
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (LSCVAMC), 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195-5029, USA; Specialty Care Center of Innovation, LSCVAMC, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Research Services, LSCVAMC, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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11
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Rudolph ME, McArthur MA, Barnes RS, Magder LS, Chen WH, Sztein MB. Differences Between Pediatric and Adult T Cell Responses to In Vitro Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Stimulation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:498. [PMID: 29616025 PMCID: PMC5869216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is capable of inducing life-threatening fever, rash, and systemic organ failure, though the specific mechanisms behind these symptoms remain poorly understood. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and other superantigens have shown to be important factors in TSS, capable of promoting cross-linking between T cell receptors and major histocompatibility complexes which results in overwhelming T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. The resulting proinflammatory cytokine cascade, often referred to as the “cytokine storm,” seems to be critical to the development of disease. Interestingly, clinical studies have shown that children exhibit less severe TSS-associated morbidity than adults, though the mechanism behind this phenomenon has not been addressed. Indeed, despite the fact that most novel antigen exposure occurs early in life, be it from environmentally acquired pathogens or routine vaccination, normal pediatric T cell immune functions remain critically underexplored. This is largely due to difficulty in obtaining enough samples to explore more than a narrow sliver of the cell-mediated immune compartment. To address this limitation, we optimized a T effector (Teff)/circulating T follicular helper (cTFH) cell mass cytometry panel which allowed us to analyze a wide array of T cell populations and effector functions following in vitro SEB stimulation. We show that T cell activation—as measured by CD69 expression—following SEB stimulation is lower in pediatric participants, increasing throughout childhood, and reaching adult levels by around 15 years old. Further, while individual CD4+ effector memory T cell (TEM) effector molecules show limited age-associated differences following SEB stimulation, multifunctional CD4+ TEM are shown to positively correlate with increasing age through adolescence. Individual CD8+ TEM effectors and multifunctional phenotypes also show very strong age-associated increases following SEB stimulation. SEB stimulation has little impact on cTFH activation or functional cellular markers, regardless of age. These results, coupled with the fact that a robust proinflammatory cytokine response seems critical to developing severe TSS, suggest a possible connection between the significantly reduced T cell activation and multifunctional populations following in vitro SEB stimulation in our pediatric participants and clinical observations relating to reduced TSS mortality in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Rudolph
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Maryland Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Monica A McArthur
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robin S Barnes
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Laurence S Magder
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wilbur H Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Maryland Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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12
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Grebenciucova E, Berger JR. Immunosenescence: the Role of Aging in the Predisposition to Neuro-Infectious Complications Arising from the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2018; 17:61. [PMID: 28669032 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-017-0771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights some of the important changes in the immune system that occur in the process of normal aging. Immunosenescence as a concept is directly relevant to the world of neuro-inflammation, as it may be a contributing factor to the risks associated with some of the current immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies used in treating multiple sclerosis (MS) and other inflammatory disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Profound qualitative and quantitative changes occur in the adaptive and innate immunity compartments during aging. These changes may explain why patients of older age are at an increased risk of infections and infection-associated mortality. Immunosenescence-associated changes may be additive or synergistic with the effects produced by immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive medications. Clinicians should exercise a high level of vigilance in monitoring the risk of infections in older patients on these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grebenciucova
- Multiple Sclerosis Division, The Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Convention Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Joseph R Berger
- Multiple Sclerosis Division, The Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Convention Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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13
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Tan CTY, Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Xu W, Nyunt MSZ, Vasudev A, Lee BTK, Pawelec G, Puan KJ, Rotzschke O, Ng TP, Larbi A. Vδ2+ and α/ß T cells show divergent trajectories during human aging. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44906-44918. [PMID: 27384987 PMCID: PMC5216693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronological aging and a variety of stressors are driving forces towards immunosenescence. While much attention was paid to the main T cell component, α/β T cells, few studies concentrate on the impact of age on γ/δ T cells' characteristics. The latter are important players of adaptive immunity but also have features associated with innate immunity. Vδ2+ are the main component of γ/δ while Vδ1+ T cells expand upon Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and with age. The Vδ2+ T cells are not influenced by persistent infections but do contribute to immunosurveillance against bacterial pathogens. Here, we focus on Vδ2+ T cells and report that their composition and functionality is not altered in older adults. We have performed a side-by-side comparison of α/β and Vδ2 cells by using two robust markers of T cell replicative history and cell differentiation (CD28 and CD27), and cytokine secretion (IFN-γ and TNF-α). Significant differences in Vδ2 versus α/β homeostasis, as well as phenotypic and functional changes emerged. However, the data strongly suggest a sustained functionality of the Vδ2 population with age, independently of the challenge. This suggests differential trajectories towards immunosenescence in α/β and Vδ2+ T cells, most likely explained by their intrinsic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Tze Ying Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Weili Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ma Schwe Zin Nyunt
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anusha Vasudev
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Bernett Teck Kwong Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kia Joo Puan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Olaf Rotzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Bajwa M, Vita S, Vescovini R, Larsen M, Sansoni P, Terrazzini N, Caserta S, Thomas D, Davies KA, Smith H, Kern F. CMV-Specific T-cell Responses at Older Ages: Broad Responses With a Large Central Memory Component May Be Key to Long-term Survival. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1212-1220. [PMID: 28199648 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection sometimes causes large expansions of CMV-specific T cells, particularly in older people. This is believed to undermine immunity to other pathogens and to accelerate immunosenescence. While multiple different CMV proteins are recognized, most publications on age-related T-cell expansions have focused on dominant target proteins UL83 or UL123, and the T-cell activation marker interferon-γ (IFN-γ). We were concerned that this narrow approach might have skewed our understanding of CMV-specific immunity at older ages. We have, therefore, widened the scope of analysis to include in vitro-induced T-cell responses to 19 frequently recognized CMV proteins in "young" and "older" healthy volunteers and a group of "oldest old" long-term survivors (>85 years of age). Polychromatic flow cytometry was used to analyze T-cell activation markers (CD107, CD154, interleukin-2 [IL-2], tumor necrosis factor [TNF], and IFN-γ) and memory phenotypes (CD27, CD45RA). The older group had, on average, larger T-cell responses than the young, but, interestingly, response size differences were relatively smaller when all activation markers were considered rather than IFN-γ or TNF alone. The oldest old group recognized more proteins on average than the other groups, and had even bigger T-cell responses than the older group with a significantly larger central memory CD4 T-cell component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Bajwa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
| | - Serena Vita
- Institute Pasteur, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University Sapienza of Rome, and
| | | | - Martin Larsen
- Inserm UMR-S1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), and.,AP-HP, Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Immunologie, Paris, France ; and
| | - Paolo Sansoni
- Dipartimento di Clinica Sperimentale, Università di Parma, Italy
| | - Nadia Terrazzini
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Thomas
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
| | | | - Helen Smith
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Kern
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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15
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Tu W, Rao S. Mechanisms Underlying T Cell Immunosenescence: Aging and Cytomegalovirus Infection. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2111. [PMID: 28082969 PMCID: PMC5186782 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the human immune system to protect against infectious disease declines with age and efficacy of vaccination reduces significantly in the elderly. Aging of the immune system, also termed as immunosenescence, involves many changes in human T cell immunity that is characterized by a loss in naïve T cell population and an increase in highly differentiated CD28- memory T cell subset. There is extensive data showing that latent persistent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is also associated with age-related immune dysfunction in the T cells, which might enhance immunosenescence. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related and HCMV-related immunosenescence is critical for the development of effective age-targeted vaccines and immunotherapies. In this review, we will address the role of both aging and HCMV infection that contribute to the T cell senescence and discuss the potential molecular mechanisms in aged T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Tu
- Faculty of ESTeM, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sudha Rao
- Faculty of ESTeM, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra Canberra, ACT, Australia
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16
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Bajwa M, Vita S, Vescovini R, Larsen M, Sansoni P, Terrazzini N, Caserta S, Thomas D, Davies KA, Smith H, Kern F. Functional Diversity of Cytomegalovirus-Specific T Cells Is Maintained in Older People and Significantly Associated With Protein Specificity and Response Size. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:1430-1437. [PMID: 27521364 PMCID: PMC5079367 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Parallel upregulation of several T-cell effector functions (ie, polyfunctionality) is believed to be critical for the protection against viruses but thought to decrease in large T-cell expansions, in particular at older ages. The factors determining T-cell polyfunctionality are incompletely understood. Here we revisit the question of cytomegalovirus (CMV)–specific T-cell polyfunctionality, including a wide range of T-cell target proteins, response sizes, and participant ages. Methods. Polychromatic flow cytometry was used to analyze the functional diversity (ie, CD107, CD154, interleukin 2, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon γ expression) of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to 19 CMV proteins in a large group of young and older United Kingdom participants. A group of oldest old people (age >85 years) was included to explore these parameters in exceptional survivors. Polyfunctionality was assessed for each protein-specific response subset, by subset and in aggregate, across all proteins by using the novel polyfunctionality index. Results. Polyfunctionality was not reduced in healthy older people as compared to young people. However, it was significantly related to target protein specificity. For each protein, it increased with response size. In the oldest old group, overall T-cell polyfunctionality was significantly lower. Discussion. Our results give a new perspective on T-cell polyfunctionality and raise the question of whether maintaining polyfunctionality of CMV-specific T cells at older ages is necessarily beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Vita
- Institute Pasteur, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University Sapienza of Rome
| | - Rosanna Vescovini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Scienze Biomediche, Università di Parma, Italy
| | - Martin Larsen
- Inserm UMR-S1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris).,AP-HP, Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Immunologie, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Sansoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Scienze Biomediche, Università di Parma, Italy
| | - Nadia Terrazzini
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Helen Smith
- Division of Primary Care and Public Health Brighton and Sussex Medical School, United Kingdom
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17
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Hosokawa K, Muranski P, Feng X, Townsley DM, Liu B, Knickelbein J, Keyvanfar K, Dumitriu B, Ito S, Kajigaya S, Taylor JG, Kaplan MJ, Nussenblatt RB, Barrett AJ, O'Shea J, Young NS. Memory Stem T Cells in Autoimmune Disease: High Frequency of Circulating CD8+ Memory Stem Cells in Acquired Aplastic Anemia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1568-78. [PMID: 26764034 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Memory stem T cells (TSCMs) constitute a long-lived, self-renewing lymphocyte population essential for the maintenance of functional immunity. Hallmarks of autoimmune disease pathogenesis are abnormal CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation. We investigated the TSCM subset in 55, 34, 43, and 5 patients with acquired aplastic anemia (AA), autoimmune uveitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and sickle cell disease, respectively, as well as in 41 age-matched healthy controls. CD8(+) TSCM frequency was significantly increased in AA compared with healthy controls. An increased CD8(+) TSCM frequency at diagnosis was associated with responsiveness to immunosuppressive therapy, and an elevated CD8(+) TSCM population after immunosuppressive therapy correlated with treatment failure or relapse in AA patients. IFN-γ and IL-2 production was significantly increased in various CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell subsets in AA patients, including CD8(+) and CD4(+) TSCMs. CD8(+) TSCM frequency was also increased in patients with autoimmune uveitis or sickle cell disease. A positive correlation between CD4(+) and CD8(+) TSCM frequencies was found in AA, autoimmune uveitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Evaluation of PD-1, CD160, and CD244 expression revealed that TSCMs were less exhausted compared with other types of memory T cells. Our results suggest that the CD8(+) TSCM subset is a novel biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Hosokawa
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Danielle M Townsley
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Baoying Liu
- Clinical Immunology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jared Knickelbein
- Clinical Immunology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Bogdan Dumitriu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sawa Ito
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - James G Taylor
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Robert B Nussenblatt
- Clinical Immunology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - A John Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - John O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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