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Forrer S, Delavari F, Sandini C, Rafi H, Preti MG, Van De Ville D, Eliez S. Longitudinal Analysis of Brain Function-Structure Dependencies in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Psychotic Symptoms. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:882-895. [PMID: 38849032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with conventional unimodal analysis, understanding how brain function and structure relate to one another opens a new biologically relevant assessment of neural mechanisms. However, how function-structure dependencies (FSDs) evolve throughout typical and abnormal neurodevelopment remains elusive. The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) offers an important opportunity to study the development of FSDs and their specific association with the pathophysiology of psychosis. METHODS Previously, we used graph signal processing to combine brain activity and structural connectivity measures in adults, quantifying FSD. Here, we combined FSD with longitudinal multivariate partial least squares correlation to evaluate FSD alterations across groups and among patients with and without mild to moderate positive psychotic symptoms. We assessed 391 longitudinally repeated resting-state functional and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images from 194 healthy control participants and 197 deletion carriers (ages 7-34 years, data collected over a span of 12 years). RESULTS Compared with control participants, patients with 22q11.2DS showed a persistent developmental offset from childhood, with regions of hyper- and hypocoupling across the brain. Additionally, a second deviating developmental pattern showed an exacerbation during adolescence, presenting hypocoupling in the frontal and cingulate cortices and hypercoupling in temporal regions for patients with 22q11.2DS. Interestingly, the observed aggravation during adolescence was strongly driven by the group with positive psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm a central role of altered FSD maturation in the emergence of psychotic symptoms in 22q11.2DS during adolescence. The FSD deviations precede the onset of psychotic episodes and thus offer a potential early indication for behavioral interventions in individuals at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Forrer
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Farnaz Delavari
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Corrado Sandini
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Halima Rafi
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, University of Geneva Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Giulia Preti
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Silva AI, Ehrhart F, Ulfarsson MO, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Wilkinson LS, Hall J, Linden DEJ. Neuroimaging Findings in Neurodevelopmental Copy Number Variants: Identifying Molecular Pathways to Convergent Phenotypes. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:341-361. [PMID: 35659384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genomic copy number variants (CNVs) are associated with a high risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. A growing body of genetic studies suggests that these high-risk genetic variants converge in common molecular pathways and that common pathways also exist across clinically distinct disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. A key question is how common molecular mechanisms converge into similar clinical outcomes. We review emerging evidence for convergent cognitive and brain phenotypes across distinct CNVs. Multiple CNVs were shown to have similar effects on core sensory, cognitive, and motor traits. Emerging data from multisite neuroimaging studies have provided valuable information on how these CNVs affect brain structure and function. However, most of these studies examined one CNV at a time, making it difficult to fully understand the proportion of shared brain effects. Recent studies have started to combine neuroimaging data from multiple CNV carriers and identified similar brain effects across CNVs. Some early findings also support convergence in CNV animal models. Systems biology, through integration of multilevel data, provides new insights into convergent molecular mechanisms across genetic risk variants (e.g., altered synaptic activity). However, the link between such key molecular mechanisms and convergent psychiatric phenotypes is still unknown. To better understand this link, we need new approaches that integrate human molecular data with neuroimaging, cognitive, and animal model data, while taking into account critical developmental time points. Identifying risk mechanisms across genetic loci can elucidate the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders and identify new therapeutic targets for cross-disorder applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Silva
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Friederike Ehrhart
- Department of Bioinformatics, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Magnus O Ulfarsson
- deCODE genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Lawrence S Wilkinson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David E J Linden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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3
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Bortolin K, Delavari F, Preti MG, Sandini C, Mancini V, Mullier E, Van De Ville D, Eliez S. Neural substrates of psychosis revealed by altered dependencies between brain activity and white-matter architecture in individuals with 22q11 deletion syndrome. NEUROIMAGE: CLINICAL 2022; 35:103075. [PMID: 35717884 PMCID: PMC9218553 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Function-structural dependency is altered in patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome. Stronger dependency in subcortical regions correlates with psychotic symptoms. Weaker dependency in cingulate cortex correlates with psychotic symptoms. Multimodal and not unimodal indexes were correlated with psychosis emergence.
Background Dysconnectivity has been consistently proposed as a major key mechanism in psychosis. Indeed, disruptions in large-scale structural and functional brain networks have been associated with psychotic symptoms. However, brain activity is largely constrained by underlying white matter pathways and the study of function-structure dependency, compared to conventional unimodal analysis, allows a biologically relevant assessment of neural mechanisms. The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) constitutes a remarkable opportunity to study the pathophysiological processes of psychosis. Methods 58 healthy controls and 57 deletion carriers, aged from 16 to 32 years old, underwent resting-state functional and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Deletion carriers were additionally fully assessed for psychotic symptoms. Firstly, we used a graph signal processing method to combine brain activity and structural connectivity measures to obtain regional structural decoupling indexes (SDIs). We use SDI to assess the differences of functional structural dependency (FSD) across the groups. Subsequently we investigated how alterations in FSDs are associated with the severity of positive psychotic symptoms in participants with 22q11DS. Results In line with previous findings, participants in both groups showed a spatial gradient of FSD ranging from sensory-motor regions (stronger FSD) to regions involved in higher-order function (weaker FSD). Compared to controls, in participants with 22q11DS, and further in deletion carriers with more severe positive psychotic symptoms, the functional activity was more strongly dependent on the structure in parahippocampal gyrus and subcortical dopaminergic regions, while it was less dependent within the cingulate cortex. This analysis revealed group differences not otherwise detected when assessing the structural and functional nodal measures separately. Conclusions Our findings point toward a disrupted modulation of functional activity on the underlying structure, which was further associated to psychopathology for candidate critical regions in 22q11DS. This study provides the first evidence for the clinical relevance of function-structure dependency and its contribution to the emergence of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bortolin
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farnaz Delavari
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Giulia Preti
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Corrado Sandini
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Valentina Mancini
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Emeline Mullier
- Autism Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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4
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Schmidt AT, Lindsey HM, Dennis E, Wilde EA, Biekman BD, Chu ZD, Hanten GR, Formon DL, Spruiell MS, Hunter JV, Levin HS. Diffusion Tensor Imaging Correlates of Resilience Following Adolescent Traumatic Brain Injury. Cogn Behav Neurol 2021; 34:259-274. [PMID: 34851864 PMCID: PMC8647770 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity in adolescents, but positive outcomes are possible. Resilience is the concept that some individuals flourish despite significant adversity. OBJECTIVE To determine if there is a relationship between resilience-promoting factors that are known to promote resilience and white matter (WM) microstructure 1 year after complicated mild TBI or moderate or severe TBI that is sustained by adolescents. METHOD We examined the relationship between performance on a self-report measure of resilience-promoting factors and WM integrity assessed by diffusion tensor imaging in a group of adolescents who had sustained either a TBI (n = 38) or an orthopedic injury (OI) (n = 23). RESULTS Immediately following injury, the individuals with TBI and the OI controls had comparable levels of resilience-promoting factors; however, at 1 year post injury, the TBI group endorsed fewer resilience-promoting factors and exhibited WM disruption compared with the OI controls. The individuals with TBI who had more resilience-promoting factors at 1 year post injury exhibited increased WM integrity, but the OI controls did not. Findings were particularly strong for the following structures: anterior corona radiata, anterior limb of the internal capsule, and genu of the corpus callosum-structures that are implicated in social cognition and are frequently disrupted after TBI. Relationships were notable for caregiver and community-level resilience-promoting factors. CONCLUSION The current findings are some of the first to indicate neurobiological evidence of previously noted buffering effects of resilience-promoting factors in individuals with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University Campus, Lubbock, Texas
| | | | - Emily Dennis
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Brian D. Biekman
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zili D. Chu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gerri R. Hanten
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Dana L. Formon
- Colorado Department of Human Services, Office of Behavioral Health, Court Services Division, Denver, Colorado
| | - Matthew S. Spruiell
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jill V. Hunter
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Harvey S. Levin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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5
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Brain microstructural abnormalities in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 52:96-135. [PMID: 34358796 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a severe genetic syndrome characterized by cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Neuroimaging alterations have been extensively reported in 22q11DS, both in gray and white matter structures. However, a considerable variability among the results affects the generalizability of the findings to date. Herein, we reviewed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings in 22q11DS, their association with psychosis and cognition, and the implications of DTI studies on neurodevelopment in 22q11DS. We also investigated differences between 22q11DS and schizophrenic patients without 22q11DS. Using an online search of PubMed and Embase, we identified studies investigating DTI findings in 22q11DS. After selecting eligible studies in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guideline, we included thirty-one studies. Overall, 22q11DS patients show altered structural connectivity and disrupted microstructural organization of most cortical and subcortical structures and white matter tracts. Moreover, despite a significant heterogeneity in the results, reduced diffusivity measures and elevated fractional anisotropy were observed. However controversial, compared to typically developing children, 22q11DS patients reached the peak of fractional anisotropy (FA) and the trough of radial diffusivity (RD) at an older age, which shows neurodevelopmental delay. DTI measures were also associated with psychotic symptoms and cognitive deficits. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive review of microstructural alterations in 22q11DS. Future larger investigations on this syndrome could potentially lead to the detection of early diagnostic imaging markers for genetically induced schizophrenia, thus improving the treatment and, ultimately, the outcome.
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6
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Mortillo M, Mulle JG. A cross-comparison of cognitive ability across 8 genomic disorders. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 68:106-116. [PMID: 34082144 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genomic disorders result from rearrangement of the human genome. Most genomic disorders are caused by copy number variants (CNV), deletions or duplications of several hundred kilobases. Many CNV loci are associated with autism, schizophrenia, and most commonly, intellectual disability (ID). However, there is little comparison of cognitive ability measures across these CNV disorders. This study aims to understand whether existing data can be leveraged for a cross-comparison of cognitive ability among multiple CNV. We found there is a lack of harmonization among assessment instruments and little standardization for reporting summary data across studies. Despite these limitations, we identified a differential impact of CNV loci on cognitive ability. Our data suggest that future cross-comparisons of CNV disorders will reveal meaningful differences across the phenotypic spectrum, especially if standardized phenotypic assessment is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mortillo
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer G Mulle
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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7
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Aslan K, Gunbey HP, Cortcu S, Ozyurt O, Avci U, Incesu L. Diffusion tensor imaging in hyperthyroidism: assessment of microstructural white matter abnormality with a tract-based spatial statistical analysis. Acta Radiol 2020; 61:1677-1683. [PMID: 32202136 DOI: 10.1177/0284185120909960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic, morphological, and functional brain changes associated with a neurological deficit in hyperthyroidism have been observed. However, changes in microstructural white matter (WM), which can explain the underlying pathophysiology of brain dysfunctions, have not been researched. PURPOSE To assess microstructural WM abnormality in patients with untreated or newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighteen patients with hyperthyroidism and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study. TBSS were used in this diffusion tensor imaging study for a whole-brain voxel-wise analysis of fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) of WM. RESULTS When compared to the control group, TBSS showed a significant increase in the RD of the corpus callosum, anterior and posterior corona radiata, posterior thalamic radiation, cingulum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the retrolenticular region of the internal capsule in patients with hyperthyroidism (P < 0.05), as well as a significant decrease in AD in the anterior corona radiata and the genu of corpus callosum (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed that more regions are affected by the RD increase than the AD decrease in the WM tracts of patients with hyperthyroidism. These preliminary results suggest that demyelination is the main mechanism of microstructural alterations in the WM of hyperthyroid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerim Aslan
- Department of Radiology, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Hediye Pinar Gunbey
- Department of Radiology, Health Sciences University Kartal Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sumeyra Cortcu
- Department of Radiology, Kastamonu State Hospital, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Onur Ozyurt
- Telemed Solutions Teknopark, Bogazici University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Avci
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Lutfi Incesu
- Department of Radiology, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
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8
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Villalón-Reina JE, Martínez K, Qu X, Ching CRK, Nir TM, Kothapalli D, Corbin C, Sun D, Lin A, Forsyth JK, Kushan L, Vajdi A, Jalbrzikowski M, Hansen L, Jonas RK, van Amelsvoort T, Bakker G, Kates WR, Antshel KM, Fremont W, Campbell LE, McCabe KL, Daly E, Gudbrandsen M, Murphy CM, Murphy D, Craig M, Emanuel B, McDonald-McGinn DM, Vorstman JA, Fiksinski AM, Koops S, Ruparel K, Roalf D, Gur RE, Eric Schmitt J, Simon TJ, Goodrich-Hunsaker NJ, Durdle CA, Doherty JL, Cunningham AC, van den Bree M, Linden DEJ, Owen M, Moss H, Kelly S, Donohoe G, Murphy KC, Arango C, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Bearden CE. Altered white matter microstructure in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a multisite diffusion tensor imaging study. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2818-2831. [PMID: 31358905 PMCID: PMC6986984 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS)-a neurodevelopmental condition caused by a hemizygous deletion on chromosome 22-is associated with an elevated risk of psychosis and other developmental brain disorders. Prior single-site diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) studies have reported altered white matter (WM) microstructure in 22q11DS, but small samples and variable methods have led to contradictory results. Here we present the largest study ever conducted of dMRI-derived measures of WM microstructure in 22q11DS (334 22q11.2 deletion carriers and 260 healthy age- and sex-matched controls; age range 6-52 years). Using harmonization protocols developed by the ENIGMA-DTI working group, we identified widespread reductions in mean, axial and radial diffusivities in 22q11DS, most pronounced in regions with major cortico-cortical and cortico-thalamic fibers: the corona radiata, corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, posterior thalamic radiations, and sagittal stratum (Cohen's d's ranging from -0.9 to -1.3). Only the posterior limb of the internal capsule (IC), comprised primarily of corticofugal fibers, showed higher axial diffusivity in 22q11DS. 22q11DS patients showed higher mean fractional anisotropy (FA) in callosal and projection fibers (IC and corona radiata) relative to controls, but lower FA than controls in regions with predominantly association fibers. Psychotic illness in 22q11DS was associated with more substantial diffusivity reductions in multiple regions. Overall, these findings indicate large effects of the 22q11.2 deletion on WM microstructure, especially in major cortico-cortical connections. Taken together with findings from animal models, this pattern of abnormalities may reflect disrupted neurogenesis of projection neurons in outer cortical layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio E. Villalón-Reina
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Kenia Martínez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, School of Medicine, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain ,grid.469673.90000 0004 5901 7501Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain ,grid.119375.80000000121738416Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiaoping Qu
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Talia M. Nir
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Deydeep Kothapalli
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Conor Corbin
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Daqiang Sun
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.417119.b0000 0001 0384 5381Department of Mental Health, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Amy Lin
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jennifer K. Forsyth
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Leila Kushan
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Ariana Vajdi
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Laura Hansen
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Rachel K. Jonas
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Geor Bakker
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Wendy R. Kates
- grid.411023.50000 0000 9159 4457Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - Kevin M. Antshel
- grid.264484.80000 0001 2189 1568Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - Wanda Fremont
- grid.411023.50000 0000 9159 4457Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - Linda E. Campbell
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XPriority Research Centre GrowUpWell, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia ,grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Kathryn L. McCabe
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684UC Davis MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Davis, CA USA
| | - Eileen Daly
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment and Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Maria Gudbrandsen
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment and Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Clodagh M. Murphy
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment and Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK ,grid.451052.70000 0004 0581 2008Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, Behavioural Genetics Clinic, National Adult Autism and ADHD Service, South London and Maudsley Foundation NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Declan Murphy
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment and Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Michael Craig
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment and Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK ,grid.415717.10000 0001 2324 5535National Autism Unit, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Bethlem, UK
| | - Beverly Emanuel
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Donna M. McDonald-McGinn
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jacob A.S. Vorstman
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ania M. Fiksinski
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic for 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Sanne Koops
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - David Roalf
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - J. Eric Schmitt
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Tony J. Simon
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684UC Davis MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Davis, CA USA
| | - Naomi J. Goodrich-Hunsaker
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684UC Davis MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Davis, CA USA ,grid.253294.b0000 0004 1936 9115Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA ,grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Courtney A. Durdle
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684UC Davis MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Davis, CA USA
| | - Joanne L. Doherty
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales UK ,grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales UK
| | - Adam C. Cunningham
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales UK
| | - Marianne van den Bree
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales UK
| | - David E. J. Linden
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales UK ,grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales UK
| | - Michael Owen
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales UK
| | - Hayley Moss
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales UK
| | - Sinead Kelly
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Gary Donohoe
- grid.6142.10000 0004 0488 0789Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kieran C. Murphy
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, School of Medicine, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain ,grid.469673.90000 0004 5901 7501Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain ,grid.119375.80000000121738416Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, Pediatrics and Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
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9
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Heller C, Steinmann S, Levitt JJ, Makris N, Antshel KM, Fremont W, Coman IL, Schweinberger SR, Weiß T, Bouix S, Kubicki MR, Kates WR, Kikinis Z. Abnormalities in white matter tracts in the fronto-striatal-thalamic circuit are associated with verbal performance in 22q11.2DS. Schizophr Res 2020; 224:141-150. [PMID: 33268158 PMCID: PMC7727455 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in fronto-striatal-thalamic (FST) sub-circuits are present in schizophrenia and are associated with cognitive impairments. However, it remains unknown whether abnormalities in FST sub-circuits are present before psychosis onset. This may be elucidated by investigating 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a genetic syndrome associated with a 30% risk for developing schizophrenia in adulthood and a decline in Verbal IQ (VIQ) preceding psychosis onset. Here, we examined white matter (WM) tracts in FST sub-circuits, especially those in the dorsolateral (DLPFC) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) sub-circuits, and their associations with VIQ in young adults with 22q11DS. METHODS Diffusion MRI scans were acquired from 21 individuals with 22q11DS with prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia, 30 individuals with 22q11DS without prodromal symptoms, and 30 healthy controls (mean age: 21 ± 2 years). WM tracts were reconstructed between striatum and thalamus with rostral middle frontal gyrus (rMFG) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), representing DLPFC and VLPFC respectively. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD) were used for group comparisons. VIQ was assessed and associations with the diffusion measures were evaluated. RESULTS FA was significantly increased and RD decreased in most tracts of the DLPFC and VLPFC sub-circuits in 22q11DS. Verbal IQ scores correlated negatively with FA and, at trend level, positively with RD in the right thalamus-IFG tract in 22q11DS with prodromal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS While abnormalities in FST sub-circuits are associated with schizophrenia, we observed that these abnormalities are also present in 22q11DS individuals with prodromal symptoms and are associated with verbal performance in the right thalamus-IFG tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Heller
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany.
| | - Saskia Steinmann
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - James J. Levitt
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin M. Antshel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA,Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Wanda Fremont
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ioana L. Coman
- Department of Computer Science, SUNY Oswego, Oswego, NY, USA
| | | | - Thomas Weiß
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek R. Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy R. Kates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Zora Kikinis
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Wang Y, Metoki A, Alm KH, Olson IR. White matter pathways and social cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90:350-370. [PMID: 29684403 PMCID: PMC5993647 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing consensus that social cognition and behavior emerge from interactions across distributed regions of the "social brain". Researchers have traditionally focused their attention on functional response properties of these gray matter networks and neglected the vital role of white matter connections in establishing such networks and their functions. In this article, we conduct a comprehensive review of prior research on structural connectivity in social neuroscience and highlight the importance of this literature in clarifying brain mechanisms of social cognition. We pay particular attention to three key social processes: face processing, embodied cognition, and theory of mind, and their respective underlying neural networks. To fully identify and characterize the anatomical architecture of these networks, we further implement probabilistic tractography on a large sample of diffusion-weighted imaging data. The combination of an in-depth literature review and the empirical investigation gives us an unprecedented, well-defined landscape of white matter pathways underlying major social brain networks. Finally, we discuss current problems in the field, outline suggestions for best practice in diffusion-imaging data collection and analysis, and offer new directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, 19107, USA.
| | - Athanasia Metoki
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, 19107, USA
| | - Kylie H Alm
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, 19107, USA
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, 19107, USA.
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11
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Nuninga JO, Bohlken MM, Koops S, Fiksinski AM, Mandl RCW, Breetvelt EJ, Duijff SN, Kahn RS, Sommer IEC, Vorstman JAS. White matter abnormalities in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome patients showing cognitive decline. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1655-1663. [PMID: 29143717 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717003142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decline in cognitive functioning precedes the first psychotic episode in the course of schizophrenia and is considered a hallmark symptom of the disorder. Given the low incidence of schizophrenia, it remains a challenge to investigate whether cognitive decline coincides with disease-related changes in brain structure, such as white matter abnormalities. The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is an appealing model in this context, as 25% of patients develop psychosis. Furthermore, we recently showed that cognitive decline also precedes the onset of psychosis in individuals with 22q11DS. Here, we investigate whether the early cognitive decline in patients with 22q11DS is associated with alterations in white matter microstructure. METHODS We compared the fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter in 22q11DS patients with cognitive decline [n = 16; -18.34 (15.8) VIQ percentile points over 6.80 (2.39) years] to 22q11DS patients without cognitive decline [n = 18; 17.71 (20.17) VIQ percentile points over 5.27 (2.03) years] by applying an atlas-based approach to diffusion-weighted imaging data. RESULTS FA was significantly increased (p < 0.05, FDR) in 22q11DS patients with a cognitive decline in the bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, the bilateral cingulum bundle, all subcomponents of the left internal capsule and the left superior frontal-occipital fasciculus as compared with 22q11DS patients without cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS Within 22q11DS, the early cognitive decline is associated with microstructural differences in white matter. At the mean age of 17.8 years, these changes are reflected in increased FA in several tracts. We hypothesize that similar brain alterations associated with cognitive decline take place early in the trajectory of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Olivier Nuninga
- Department of Psychiatry,Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center,Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - Marc Marijn Bohlken
- Department of Psychiatry,Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center,Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Koops
- Department of Psychiatry,Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center,Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - Ania M Fiksinski
- Department of Psychiatry,Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center,Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - René C W Mandl
- Department of Psychiatry,Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center,Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - Elemi J Breetvelt
- Dalglish Family Hearts and Minds Clinic for 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network,Toronto, Ontario,Canada
| | - Sasja N Duijff
- Department of Psychiatry,Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center,Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry,Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center,Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - Iris E C Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry,Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center,Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - Jacob A S Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry,Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center,Utrecht,The Netherlands
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12
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Kikinis Z, Cho KIK, Coman IL, Radoeva PD, Bouix S, Tang Y, Eckbo R, Makris N, Kwon JS, Kubicki M, Antshel KM, Fremont W, Shenton ME, Kates WR. Abnormalities in brain white matter in adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and psychotic symptoms. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1353-1364. [PMID: 27730479 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) is considered to be a promising cohort to explore biomarkers of schizophrenia risk based on a 30 % probability of developing schizophrenia in adulthood. In this study, we investigated abnormalities in the microstructure of white matter in adolescents with 22q11DS and their specificity to prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia. METHODS Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) data were acquired from 50 subjects with 22q11DS (9 with and 41 without prodromal psychotic symptoms), and 47 matched healthy controls (mean age 18 +/-2 years). DMRI measures, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were calculated and compared between groups using the Tract Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) method. Additionally, correlations between dMRI measures and scores on positive symptoms were performed. RESULTS Reductions in MD, AD and RD (but not FA) were found in the corpus callosum (CC), left and right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), and left and right corona radiata in the entire 22q11DS group. In addition, the 22q11DS subgroup with prodromal symptoms showed reductions in AD and MD, but no changes in RD when compared to the non-prodromal subgroup, in CC, right SLF, right corona radiata and right internal capsule. Finally, AD values in these tracts correlated with the scores on the psychosis subscale. CONCLUSION Microstructural abnormalities in brain white matter are present in adolescent subjects with prodromal psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Kikinis
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1249 Boylston Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Kang Ik K Cho
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ioana L Coman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Petya D Radoeva
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1249 Boylston Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yingying Tang
- Department of EEG and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ryan Eckbo
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1249 Boylston Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1249 Boylston Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Psychiatry and Neurology Departments, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1249 Boylston Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin M Antshel
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Wanda Fremont
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1249 Boylston Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Wendy R Kates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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13
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Mattiaccio LM, Coman IL, Thompson CA, Fremont WP, Antshel KM, Kates WR. Frontal dysconnectivity in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: an atlas-based functional connectivity analysis. Behav Brain Funct 2018; 14:2. [PMID: 29352808 PMCID: PMC5775582 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-018-0134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a neurodevelopmental syndrome associated with deficits in cognitive and emotional processing. This syndrome represents one of the highest risk factors for the development of schizophrenia. Previous studies of functional connectivity (FC) in 22q11DS report aberrant connectivity patterns in large-scale networks that are associated with the development of psychotic symptoms. METHODS In this study, we performed a functional connectivity analysis using the CONN toolbox to test for differential connectivity patterns between 54 individuals with 22q11DS and 30 healthy controls, between the ages of 17-25 years old. We mapped resting-state fMRI data onto 68 atlas-based regions of interest (ROIs) generated by the Desikan-Killany atlas in FreeSurfer, resulting in 2278 ROI-to-ROI connections for which we determined total linear temporal associations between each. Within the group with 22q11DS only, we further tested the association between prodromal symptoms of psychosis and FC. RESULTS We observed that relative to controls, individuals with 22q11DS displayed increased FC in lobar networks involving the frontal-frontal, frontal-parietal, and frontal-occipital ROIs. In contrast, FC between ROIs in the parietal-temporal and occipital lobes was reduced in the 22q11DS group relative to healthy controls. Moreover, positive psychotic symptoms were positively associated with increased functional connections between the left precuneus and right superior frontal gyrus, as well as reduced functional connectivity between the bilateral pericalcarine. Positive symptoms were negatively associated with increased functional connectivity between the right pericalcarine and right postcentral gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that functional organization may be altered in 22q11DS, leading to disruption in connectivity between frontal and other lobar substructures, and potentially increasing risk for prodromal psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Mattiaccio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ioana L Coman
- Department of Computer Science, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY, USA
| | - Carlie A Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Wanda P Fremont
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Kevin M Antshel
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Wendy R Kates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Recent large-scale genomic studies have confirmed that schizophrenia is a polygenic syndrome and have implicated a number of biological pathways in its aetiology. Both common variants individually of small effect and rarer but more penetrant genetic variants have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disorder. No simple Mendelian forms of the condition have been identified, but progress has been made in stratifying risk on the basis of the polygenic burden of common variants individually of small effect, and the contribution of rarer variants of larger effect such as Copy Number Variants (CNVs). Pathway analysis of risk-associated variants has begun to identify specific biological processes implicated in risk for the disorder, including elements of the glutamatergic NMDA receptor complex and post synaptic density, voltage-gated calcium channels, targets of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP targets) and immune pathways. Genetic studies have also been used to drive genomic imaging approaches to the investigation of brain markers associated with risk for the disorder. Genomic imaging approaches have been applied both to investigate the effect of polygenic risk and to study the impact of individual higher-penetrance variants such as CNVs. Both genomic and genomic imaging approaches offer potential for the stratification of patients and at-risk groups and the development of better biomarkers of risk and treatment response; however, further research is needed to integrate this work and realise the full potential of these approaches.
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15
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Padula MC, Schaer M, Scariati E, Mutlu AK, Zöller D, Schneider M, Eliez S. Quantifying indices of short- and long-range white matter connectivity at each cortical vertex. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187493. [PMID: 29141024 PMCID: PMC5687731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Several neurodevelopmental diseases are characterized by impairments in cortical morphology along with altered white matter connectivity. However, the relationship between these two measures is not yet clear. In this study, we propose a novel methodology to compute and display metrics of white matter connectivity at each cortical point. After co-registering the extremities of the tractography streamlines with the cortical surface, we computed two measures of connectivity at each cortical vertex: the mean tracts’ length, and the proportion of short- and long-range connections. The proposed measures were tested in a clinical sample of 62 patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and 57 typically developing individuals. Using these novel measures, we achieved a fine-grained visualization of the white matter connectivity patterns at each vertex of the cortical surface. We observed an intriguing pattern of both increased and decreased short- and long-range connectivity in 22q11DS, that provides novel information about the nature and topology of white matter alterations in the syndrome. We argue that the method presented in this study opens avenues for additional analyses of the relationship between cortical properties and patterns of underlying structural connectivity, which will help clarifying the intrinsic mechanisms that lead to altered brain structure in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Padula
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie Schaer
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Scariati
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Kadir Mutlu
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Leuven, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Zöller
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Roalf DR, Eric Schmitt J, Vandekar SN, Satterthwaite TD, Shinohara RT, Ruparel K, Elliott MA, Prabhakaran K, McDonald-McGinn DM, Zackai EH, Gur RC, Emanuel BS, Gur RE. White matter microstructural deficits in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Psychiatry Res 2017; 268:35-44. [PMID: 28865345 PMCID: PMC5814141 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a neurogenetic condition associated with psychosis, report brain white matter (WM) microstructure aberrations. Several studies report that WM disruptions in 22q11DS are similar to deficits in idiopathic schizophrenia. Yet, DTI results in 22q11DS are inconsistent. We used DTI to compare WM structure in 22q11DS individuals to healthy controls (HC) and explored WM differences in 22q11DS with (+) and without (-) psychosis spectrum symptoms. We examined 39 22q11DS individuals and 39 age, sex and race equivalent HC. DTI was performed at 3T using a 64-direction protocol. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was lower, while radial diffusivity was higher in 22q11DS within the cingulum bundle. Mean diffusivity was lower in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, while axial diffusivity (AD) was lower in the cingulum bundle, forceps major, and several posterior to anterior fasciculi. 22q11DS+ had lower FA in the cingulum bundle and lower AD in the uncinate fasciculus compared to 22q11DS-. Overall, we found aberrant WM microstructure in individuals with 22q11DS compared to age and sex matched HC and exploratory analysis indicated subtle WM deficits associated with psychosis. The findings highlight the dysfunction of WM microstructure in 22q11DS and its potential importance in elucidating WM abnormalities in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Roalf
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - J Eric Schmitt
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Simon N Vandekar
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark A Elliott
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karthik Prabhakaran
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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17
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Dubourg L, Schneider M, Padula MC, Chambaz L, Schaer M, Eliez S. Implication of reward alterations in the expression of negative symptoms in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a behavioural and DTI study. Psychol Med 2017; 47:1442-1453. [PMID: 28112057 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716003482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations of the reward system have been proposed as one of the core mechanisms underlying the expression of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Specifically, deficits in specific reward components and white matter (WM) integrity of the reward system have been highlighted. The putative link between negative symptoms and the hedonic experience, or structural connectivity of the reward system has never been examined in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a condition with increased risk for psychosis. METHOD Anticipatory and consummatory dimensions of pleasure were assessed in participants with 22q11DS (N = 54) and healthy controls (N = 55). In patients with 22q11DS, the association between pleasure scores and positive or negative symptoms was investigated. Furthermore, WM integrity of the accumbofrontal tract was quantified using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Associations between DTI measures, pleasure dimensions and negative symptoms were examined. RESULTS Patients with 22q11DS showed reduced anticipatory and consummatory pleasure compared to controls. Furthermore, anticipatory pleasure scores were negatively correlated to negative and positive symptoms in 22q11DS. WM microstructural changes of the accumbofrontal tract in terms of increased fractional anisotropy and reduced radial anisotropy were also identified in patients. However, no significant correlation between the DTI measures and pleasure dimensions or psychotic symptoms was observed. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that participants with 22q11DS differed in their experience of pleasure compared to controls. The anticipatory pleasure component appears to be related to negative and positive symptom severity in patients. Alterations of WM integrity of the accumbofrontal tract seem to be related to myelination abnormalities in 22q11DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dubourg
- Department of Psychiatry,Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Geneva,Geneva,Switzerland
| | - M Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry,Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Geneva,Geneva,Switzerland
| | - M C Padula
- Department of Psychiatry,Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Geneva,Geneva,Switzerland
| | - L Chambaz
- Department of Psychiatry,Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Geneva,Geneva,Switzerland
| | - M Schaer
- Department of Psychiatry,Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Geneva,Geneva,Switzerland
| | - S Eliez
- Department of Psychiatry,Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Geneva,Geneva,Switzerland
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18
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Tylee DS, Kikinis Z, Quinn TP, Antshel KM, Fremont W, Tahir MA, Zhu A, Gong X, Glatt SJ, Coman IL, Shenton ME, Kates WR, Makris N. Machine-learning classification of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A diffusion tensor imaging study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 15:832-842. [PMID: 28761808 PMCID: PMC5522376 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental syndrome that has been studied intensively in order to understand relationships between the genetic microdeletion, brain development, cognitive function, and the emergence of psychiatric symptoms. White matter microstructural abnormalities identified using diffusion tensor imaging methods have been reported to affect a variety of neuroanatomical tracts in 22q11.2DS. In the present study, we sought to combine two discovery-based approaches: (1) white matter query language was used to parcellate the brain's white matter into tracts connecting pairs of 34, bilateral cortical regions and (2) the diffusion imaging characteristics of the resulting tracts were analyzed using a machine-learning method called support vector machine in order to optimize the selection of a set of imaging features that maximally discriminated 22q11.2DS and comparison subjects. With this unique approach, we both confirmed previously-recognized 22q11.2DS-related abnormalities in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and identified, for the first time, 22q11.2DS-related anomalies in the middle longitudinal fascicle and the extreme capsule, which may have been overlooked in previous, hypothesis-guided studies. We further observed that, in participants with 22q11.2DS, ILF metrics were significantly associated with positive prodromal symptoms of psychosis.
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Key Words
- (-fp), fronto-parietal aspect
- (-to), temporo-occipital aspect
- (-tp), temporo-parietal aspect
- (22q11.2DS), 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
- (AD), axial diffusivity
- (DTI), diffusion tensor imaging
- (DWI), diffusion weighted image
- (EmC), extreme capsule
- (FA), fractional anisotropy
- (FOV), field of view
- (GDS), Gordon Diagnostic Systems
- (ILF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus
- (MdLF), middle longitudinal fascicle
- (RD), radial diffusivity
- (ROI), region of interest
- (SIPS), Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes
- (SRS), Social Responsiveness Scale
- (STG), superior temporal gyrus
- (SVM), support vector machine
- (UKF), Unscented Kalman Filter
- (WAIS-III), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – 3rd edition
- (WMQL), white matter query language
- (dTP), dorsal temporal pole
- 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
- Callosal asymmetry
- Diffusion tensor imaging
- Extreme capsule
- Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
- Machine-learning
- Middle longitudinal fascicle
- Support vector machine
- Velocardiofacial syndrome
- White matter query language
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Tylee
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Zora Kikinis
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Thomas P Quinn
- Bioinformatics Core Research Group, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Wanda Fremont
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Muhammad A Tahir
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Anni Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xue Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J Glatt
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Ioana L Coman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA.
| | - Wendy R Kates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Nikos Makris
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Radoeva PD, Bansal R, Antshel KM, Fremont W, Peterson BS, Kates WR. Longitudinal study of cerebral surface morphology in youth with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, and association with positive symptoms of psychosis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2017; 58:305-314. [PMID: 27786353 PMCID: PMC5340081 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic disorder that greatly increases risk of developing schizophrenia. We previously characterized cerebral surface morphology trajectories from late childhood to mid adolescence in a cohort of youth with 22q11DS. Herein, we extend the study period into early adulthood, and describe further the trajectories associated with severe psychiatric symptoms in this cohort. METHODS Participants included 76 youth with 22q11DS and 30 unaffected siblings, assessed at three timepoints, during which high resolution, anatomic magnetic resonance images were acquired. High-dimensional, nonlinear warping algorithms were applied to images in order to derive characteristics of cerebral surface morphology for each participant at each timepoint. Repeated-measures, linear regressions using a mixed model were conducted, while covarying for age and sex. RESULTS Alterations in cerebral surface morphology during late adolescence/early adulthood in individuals with 22q11DS were observed in the lateral frontal, orbitofrontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and cerebellar regions. An Age x Diagnosis interaction revealed that relative to unaffected siblings, individuals with 22q11DS showed age-related surface protrusions in the prefrontal cortex (which remained stable or increased during early adulthood), and surface indentations in posterior regions (which seemed to level off during late adolescence). Symptoms of psychosis were associated with a trajectory of surface indentations in the orbitofrontal and parietal regions. CONCLUSIONS These results advance our understanding of cerebral maturation in individuals with 22q11DS, and provide clinically relevant information about the psychiatric phenotype associated with the longitudinal trajectory of cortical surface morphology in youth with this genetic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petya D. Radoeva
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Ravi Bansal
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin M. Antshel
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Wanda Fremont
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Bradley S. Peterson
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wendy R. Kates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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20
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Olszewski AK, Kikinis Z, Gonzalez CS, Coman IL, Makris N, Gong X, Rathi Y, Zhu A, Antshel KM, Fremont W, Kubicki MR, Bouix S, Shenton ME, Kates WR. The social brain network in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Behav Brain Funct 2017; 13:4. [PMID: 28209179 PMCID: PMC5314621 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-017-0122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a neurogenetic disorder that is associated with a 25-fold increase in schizophrenia. Both individuals with 22q11.2DS and those with schizophrenia present with social cognitive deficits, which are putatively subserved by a network of brain regions that are involved in the processing of social cognitive information. This study used two-tensor tractography to examine the white matter tracts believed to underlie the social brain network in a group of 57 young adults with 22q11.2DS compared to 30 unaffected controls. RESULTS Results indicated that relative to controls, participants with 22q11.2DS showed significant differences in several DTI metrics within the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, cingulum bundle, thalamo-frontal tract, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. In addition, participants with 22q11.2DS showed significant differences in scores on measures of social cognition, including the Social Responsiveness Scale and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. Further analyses among individuals with 22q11.2DS demonstrated an association between DTI metrics and positive and negative symptoms of psychosis, as well as differentiation between individuals with 22q11.2DS and overt psychosis, relative to those with positive prodromal symptoms or no psychosis. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that white matter disruption, specifically disrupted axonal coherence in the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, may be a biomarker for social cognitive difficulties and psychosis in individuals with 22q11.2DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Olszewski
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Zora Kikinis
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ioana L Coman
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Nikolaos Makris
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xue Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anni Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Wanda Fremont
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Marek R Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Wendy R Kates
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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21
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Acer N, Dolu N, Zararsiz G, Dogan MS, Gumus K, Ozmen S, Kara AY, Soysal H, Per H, Bilgen M. Anatomical characterization of ADHD using an atlas-based analysis: A diffusion tensor imaging study. THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.24190/issn2564-615x/2017/01.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: To examine brain diffusion characteristics in pediatric patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and an atlas-based anatomical analysis of the whole brain and to investigate whether these images have unique characteristics that can support functional diagnoses. Materials and Methods: Seventeen children with ADHD and ten control subjects (all age-matched) underwent MRI scans. The Institutional Ethics Board approved this study. Morphometric analysis was performed using MriStudio software. The diffusion images were normalized using a linear transformation, followed by large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM). For 189 parcellated brain regions, the volume, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were measured. Results: Children with ADHD were found to have increase in the body of lateral ventricle volumes compared to the control. Increased MD was found in the deep gray matter, amygdala, thalamus, substantia nigra, and also the cerebellum left and right side. Increased RD was found in the deep gray matter, caudate, thalamus, substantia nigra and hippocampus left and right side compared to the control. Significant elevated FA was found in the bilateral splenium of the corpus callosum in ADHD patients. Conclusion: Children with ADHD display abnormal diffusion characteristics and anatomical features compared to healthy controls. DTI can provide sensitive information on integrity of white matter (WM) and intra-WM structures in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyazi Acer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Nazan Dolu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Gokmen Zararsiz
- Departmentof Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sait Dogan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Kazim Gumus
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Sevgi Ozmen
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Ali Yucel Kara
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Handan Soysal
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara , Turkey
| | - Huseyin Per
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bilgen
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin , Turkey
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22
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Padula MC, Schaer M, Scariati E, Maeder J, Schneider M, Eliez S. Multimodal investigation of triple network connectivity in patients with 22q11DS and association with executive functions. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:2177-2189. [PMID: 28117515 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale brain networks play a prominent role in cognitive abilities and their activity is impaired in psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) are at high risk of developing schizophrenia and present similar cognitive impairments, including executive functions deficits. Thus, 22q11DS represents a model for the study of neural biomarkers associated with schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated structural and functional connectivity within and between the Default Mode (DMN), the Central Executive (CEN), and the Saliency network (SN) in 22q11DS using resting-state fMRI and DTI. Furthermore, we investigated if triple network impairments were related to executive dysfunctions or the presence of psychotic symptoms. Sixty-three patients with 22q11DS and sixty-eighty controls (age 6-33 years) were included in the study. Structural connectivity between main nodes of DMN, CEN, and SN was computed using probabilistic tractography. Functional connectivity was computed as the partial correlation between the time courses extracted from each node. Structural and functional connectivity measures were then correlated to executive functions and psychotic symptom scores. Our results showed mainly reduced structural connectivity within the CEN, DMN, and SN, in patients with 22q11DS compared with controls as well as reduced between-network connectivity. Functional connectivity appeared to be more preserved, with impairments being evident only within the DMN. Structural connectivity impairments were also related to executive dysfunctions. These findings show an association between triple network structural alterations and executive deficits in patients with the microdeletion, suggesting that 22q11DS and schizophrenia share common psychopathological mechanisms. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2177-2189, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Padula
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Schaer
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Stanford Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Elisa Scariati
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Maeder
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Harrell W, Zou L, Englander Z, Hooper SR, Keshavan MS, Song A, Shashi V. Frontal Hypoactivation During a Working Memory Task in Children With 22q11 Deletion Syndrome. J Child Neurol 2017; 32:94-99. [PMID: 27702912 PMCID: PMC5852670 DOI: 10.1177/0883073816670813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Impairments in executive function, such as working memory, are almost universal in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Delineating the neural underpinnings of these functions would enhance understanding of these impairments. In this study, children and adolescents with 22q11 deletion syndrome were compared with healthy control participants in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of working memory. When the 2-back condition was contrasted with the 1-back and 0-back conditions, the participants with 22q11 deletion syndrome showed lower activation in several brain areas involved in working memory-notably dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and precuneus. This hypoactivation may be due to reduced gray matter volumes or white matter connectivity in the frontal and parietal regions, differences that have previously been documented in children with 22q11 deletion syndrome. Understanding differences in brain function will provide a foundation for future interventions to address the wide range of neurodevelopmental deficits observed in 22q11 deletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waverly Harrell
- 1 Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ling Zou
- 2 Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,3 Huaxi MR Research Center, Radiology Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zoe Englander
- 2 Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephen R Hooper
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,5 Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- 6 Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allen Song
- 2 Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,7 Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, Psychiatry, and Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vandana Shashi
- 1 Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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24
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Bostelmann M, Schneider M, Padula MC, Maeder J, Schaer M, Scariati E, Debbané M, Glaser B, Menghetti S, Eliez S. Visual memory profile in 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome: are there differences in performance and neurobiological substrates between tasks linked to ventral and dorsal visual brain structures? A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. J Neurodev Disord 2016; 8:41. [PMID: 27843501 PMCID: PMC5105283 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-016-9174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children affected by the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) have a specific neuropsychological profile with strengths and weaknesses in several cognitive domains. Specifically, previous evidence has shown that patients with 22q11.2DS have more difficulties memorizing faces and visual-object characteristics of stimuli. In contrast, they have better performance in visuo-spatial memory tasks. The first focus of this study was to replicate these results in a larger sample of patients affected with 22q11.2DS and using a range of memory tasks. Moreover, we analyzed if the deficits were related to brain morphology in the structures typically underlying these abilities (ventral and dorsal visual streams). Finally, since the longitudinal development of visual memory is not clearly characterized in 22q11.2DS, we investigated its evolution from childhood to adolescence. Methods Seventy-one patients with 22q11.2DS and 49 control individuals aged between 9 and 16 years completed the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) and specific subtests assessing visual memory from the Children’s Memory Scale (CMS). The BVRT was used to compute spatial and object memory errors. For the CMS, specific subtests were classified into ventral, dorsal, and mixed subtests. Longitudinal data were obtained from a subset of 26 patients and 22 control individuals. Results Cross-sectional results showed that patients with 22q11.2DS were impaired in all visual memory measures, with stronger deficits in visual-object memory and memory of faces, compared to visuo-spatial memory. No correlations between morphological brain impairments and visual memory were found in patients with 22q11.2DS. Longitudinal findings revealed that participants with 22q11.2DS made more object memory errors than spatial memory errors at baseline. This difference was no longer significant at follow-up. Conclusions Individuals with 22q11.2DS have impairments in visual memory abilities, with more pronounced difficulties in memorizing faces and visual-object characteristics. From childhood to adolescence, the visual cognitive profile of patients with 22q11.2DS seems globally stable even though some processes show an evolution with time. We hope that our results will help clinicians and caregivers to better understand the memory difficulties of young individuals with 22q11.2DS. This has a particular importance at school to facilitate recommendations concerning intervention strategies for these young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bostelmann
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland ; Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland ; Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Carmela Padula
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Maeder
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Schaer
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland ; Stanford Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Elisa Scariati
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Debbané
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland ; Adolescence Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland ; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bronwyn Glaser
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Menghetti
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland ; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Bakker G, Caan MWA, Schluter RS, Bloemen OJN, da Silva-Alves F, de Koning MB, Boot E, Vingerhoets WAM, Nieman DH, de Haan L, Booij J, van Amelsvoort TAMJ. Distinct white-matter aberrations in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and patients at ultra-high risk for psychosis. Psychol Med 2016; 46:2299-2311. [PMID: 27193339 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with a deletion at chromosome 22q11.2 (22q11DS) have 30% lifetime risk of developing a psychosis. People fulfilling clinical criteria for ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis have 30% risk of developing a psychosis within 2 years. Both high-risk groups show white-matter (WM) abnormalities in microstructure and volume compared to healthy controls (HC), which have been related to psychotic symptoms. Comparisons of WM pathology between these two groups may specify WM markers related to genetic and clinical risk factors. METHOD Fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD) were assessed using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and WM volume with structural MRI, in 23 UHR patients, 21 22q11DS patients, and 33 HC. RESULTS Compared to UHR patients 22q11DS patients had (1) lower AD and RD in corpus callosum (CC), cortical fasciculi, and anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), (2) higher FA in CC and ATR, and (3) lower occipital and superior temporal gyrus WM volume. Compared to HC, 22q11DS patients had (1) lower AD and RD throughout cortical fasciculi and (2) higher FA in ATR, CC and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. Compared to HC, UHR patients had (1) higher mean MD, RD, and AD in CC, ATR and cortical fasciculi, (2) no differences in FA. CONCLUSIONS UHR and 22q11DS patients share a susceptibility for developing psychosis yet were characterized by distinct patterns of WM alterations relative to HC. While UHR patients were typified by signs suggestive of aberrant myelination, 22q11DS subjects showed signs suggestive of lower axonal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology,University of Maastricht,The Netherlands
| | - M W A Caan
- Department of Radiology,Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - R S Schluter
- Department of Radiology,Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - O J N Bloemen
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology,University of Maastricht,The Netherlands
| | - F da Silva-Alves
- Department of Psychiatry,Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - M B de Koning
- Department of Psychiatry,Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - E Boot
- Department of Nuclear Medicine,Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - W A M Vingerhoets
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology,University of Maastricht,The Netherlands
| | - D H Nieman
- Department of Psychiatry,Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - L de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry,Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - J Booij
- Department of Nuclear Medicine,Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
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Diffusion tensor imaging in children with tuberous sclerosis complex: tract-based spatial statistics assessment of brain microstructural changes. Pediatr Radiol 2016; 46:1158-64. [PMID: 27085522 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-016-3582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of microstructural changes in normal-appearing white matter of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. OBJECTIVE To evaluate major white matter tracts in children with tuberous sclerosis complex using tract-based spatial statistics diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight children (mean age ± standard deviation: 8.5 ± 5.5 years) with an established diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex and 8 age-matched controls were studied. The imaging protocol consisted of T1-weighted high-resolution 3-D spoiled gradient-echo sequence and a spin-echo, echo-planar diffusion-weighted sequence. Differences in the diffusion indices were evaluated using tract-based spatial statistics. RESULTS Tract-based spatial statistics showed increased axial diffusivity in the children with tuberous sclerosis complex in the superior and anterior corona radiata, the superior longitudinal fascicle, the inferior fronto-occipital fascicle, the uncinate fascicle and the anterior thalamic radiation. No significant differences were observed in fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity between patients and control subjects. No difference was found in the diffusion indices between the baseline and follow-up examination in the patient group. CONCLUSION Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex have increased axial diffusivity in major white matter tracts, probably related to reduced axonal integrity.
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Scariati E, Schaer M, Karahanoglu I, Schneider M, Richiardi J, Debbané M, Van De Ville D, Eliez S. Large-scale functional network reorganization in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome revealed by modularity analysis. Cortex 2016; 82:86-99. [PMID: 27371790 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with cognitive impairments and a 41% risk of developing schizophrenia. While several studies performed on patients with 22q11DS showed the presence of abnormal functional connectivity in this syndrome, how these alterations affect large-scale network organization is still unknown. Here we performed a network modularity analysis on whole-brain functional connectomes derived from the resting-state fMRI of 40 patients with 22q11DS and 41 healthy control participants, aged between 9 and 30 years old. We then split the sample at 18 years old to obtain two age subgroups and repeated the modularity analyses. We found alterations of modular communities affecting the visuo-spatial network and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in both age groups. These results corroborate previous structural and functional studies in 22q11DS that showed early impairment of visuo-spatial processing regions. Furthermore, as ACC has been linked to the development of psychotic symptoms in 22q11DS, the early impairment of its functional connectivity provide further support that ACC alterations may provide potential biomarkers for an increased risk of schizophrenia. Finally, we found an abnormal modularity partition of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) only in adults with 22q11DS, suggesting the presence of an abnormal development of functional network communities during adolescence in 22q11DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Scariati
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva 8, Switzerland.
| | - Marie Schaer
- Stanford Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Isik Karahanoglu
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva 8, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Medical Image Processing Lab, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva 8, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Richiardi
- Laboratory for Neurology and imaging of Cognition, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Debbané
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva 8, Switzerland; Adolescence Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Medical Image Processing Lab, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva 8, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Scariati E, Padula MC, Schaer M, Eliez S. Long-range dysconnectivity in frontal and midline structures is associated to psychosis in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:823-39. [PMID: 27094177 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients affected by 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) present a characteristic cognitive and psychiatric profile and have a genetic predisposition to develop schizophrenia. Although brain morphological alterations have been shown in the syndrome, they do not entirely account for the complex clinical picture of the patients with 22q11DS and for their high risk of psychotic symptoms. Since Friston proposed the "disconnection hypothesis" in 1998, schizophrenia is commonly considered as a disorder of brain connectivity. In this study, we review existing evidence pointing to altered brain structural and functional connectivity in 22q11DS, with a specific focus on the role of dysconnectivity in the emergence of psychotic symptoms. We show that widespread alterations of structural and functional connectivity have been described in association with 22q11DS. Moreover, alterations involving long-range association tracts as well as midline structures, such as the corpus callosum and the cingulate gyrus, have been associated with psychotic symptoms in this population. These results suggest common mechanisms for schizophrenia in syndromic and non-syndromic populations. Future directions for investigations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Scariati
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Rue David-Dufour 1, Case Postale 50, 1211, Genève 8, Switzerland.
| | - M C Padula
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Rue David-Dufour 1, Case Postale 50, 1211, Genève 8, Switzerland.
| | - M Schaer
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Rue David-Dufour 1, Case Postale 50, 1211, Genève 8, Switzerland.,Stanford Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S Eliez
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Rue David-Dufour 1, Case Postale 50, 1211, Genève 8, Switzerland.,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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29
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Mattiaccio LM, Coman IL, Schreiner MJ, Antshel KM, Fremont WP, Bearden CE, Kates WR. Atypical functional connectivity in resting-state networks of individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: associations with neurocognitive and psychiatric functioning. J Neurodev Disord 2016; 8:2. [PMID: 26855683 PMCID: PMC4743418 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-016-9135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a neurogenetic condition associated with deficits in neuropsychological functioning and psychiatric disorders. This deletion confers a high risk for the development of psychosis, as approximately 30-45 % of individuals develop psychosis in adulthood. Previous reports of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) functional connectivity patterns in 22q11DS have demonstrated that atypical connectivity is associated with both the emergence and severity of psychotic symptoms. However, due to sample overlap and large age ranges of samples spanning multiple critical periods of brain maturation, more independent studies with samples within the window of time when psychotic symptoms have been shown to emerge (ages 17-26) are needed. Resting-state networks (RSNs) in 22q11DS during this stage of brain development may thus provide insight into the dynamic changes in functional integration that influence the incidence of prodromal symptoms and neurocognitive deficits characteristic of this syndrome. METHODS Independent component analysis (ICA) was performed to identify RSNs in a combined sample of 55 individuals with 22q11DS (27 males; age range 17-26) and 29 controls (17 males; age range 17-23, consisting of 8 siblings without the deletion and 21 typically developed individuals) from two research sites. We conducted a full factorial analysis to determine group differences between 22q11DS and controls. A Poisson regression analysis was conducted in the 22q11DS group to determine relationships of rs-fMRI network connectivity with psychiatric symptoms based on factors of the 18-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Nonparametric Spearman correlations were performed to test associations between within-network functional connectivity (FC) and performance on measures of verbal memory (California Verbal Learning Test) and executive function (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Adult version) in 22q11DS. RESULTS Between-group network connectivity analyses revealed significant differences in 9 RSNs. Decreased network FC in 22q11DS was observed in the following networks: high-level visual processing network (HLVPN), low-level visual processing network (LLVPN), visual/precuneus network, left frontal-parietal network (LFPN), right frontal-parietal network (RFPN), and self-referential network (SRN). In contrast, greater network FC in 22q11DS was observed in subclusters of the LLVPN, visual/precuneus network, limbic network (LN), default mode network (DMN), and visuospatial processing network (VSPN). Increased functional connectivity of the right cuneus (visual/precuneus network) and right superior parietal lobule (DMN) in 22q11DS was positively associated with both thought disturbance and disorganization factors of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Decreased functional connectivity in the left posterior cingulate (LLVPN) was associated with higher thought disturbance scores in 22q11DS. No associations with our neurocognitive measures passed correction for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni-corrected p ≤ 0.0014). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that atypical network connectivity within RSNs may be indicative of increased risk for developing psychosis and supports the utility of RSNs as biomarkers of prodromal symptoms in 22q11DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Mattiaccio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, 13210 NY USA
| | - Ioana L Coman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, 13210 NY USA
| | - Matthew J Schreiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095 CA USA
| | - Kevin M Antshel
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, 13244 NY USA
| | - Wanda P Fremont
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, 13210 NY USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095 CA USA
| | - Wendy R Kates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, 13210 NY USA
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Váša F, Griffa A, Scariati E, Schaer M, Urben S, Eliez S, Hagmann P. An affected core drives network integration deficits of the structural connectome in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 10:239-49. [PMID: 26870660 PMCID: PMC4711395 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic disease known to lead to cerebral structural alterations, which we study using the framework of the macroscopic white-matter connectome. We create weighted connectomes of 44 patients with 22q11DS and 44 healthy controls using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging, and perform a weighted graph theoretical analysis. After confirming global network integration deficits in 22q11DS (previously identified using binary connectomes), we identify the spatial distribution of regions responsible for global deficits. Next, we further characterize the dysconnectivity of the deficient regions in terms of sub-network properties, and investigate their relevance with respect to clinical profiles. We define the subset of regions with decreased nodal integration (evaluated using the closeness centrality measure) as the affected core (A-core) of the 22q11DS structural connectome. A-core regions are broadly bilaterally symmetric and consist of numerous network hubs — chiefly parietal and frontal cortical, as well as subcortical regions. Using a simulated lesion approach, we demonstrate that these core regions and their connections are particularly important to efficient network communication. Moreover, these regions are generally densely connected, but less so in 22q11DS. These specific disturbances are associated to a rerouting of shortest network paths that circumvent the A-core in 22q11DS, “de-centralizing” the network. Finally, the efficiency and mean connectivity strength of an orbito-frontal/cingulate circuit, included in the affected regions, correlate negatively with the extent of negative symptoms in 22q11DS patients, revealing the clinical relevance of present findings. The identified A-core overlaps numerous regions previously identified as affected in 22q11DS as well as in schizophrenia, which approximately 30–40% of 22q11DS patients develop. Graph theory confirms reduced integration in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). An “affected core” (A-core) of hub regions drives global integration deficits. The A-core is generally densely connected, but less so in 22q11DS. Shortest network paths are rerouted around the A-core in 22q11DS. Connectivity of a subset of A-core regions correlates with negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Váša
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Griffa
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Scariati
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Schaer
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Stanford Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sébastien Urben
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent (SUPEA), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patric Hagmann
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Padula MC, Schaer M, Scariati E, Schneider M, Van De Ville D, Debbané M, Eliez S. Structural and functional connectivity in the default mode network in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2015; 7:23. [PMID: 26236404 PMCID: PMC4522079 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-015-9120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neural endophenotype associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) includes deviant cortical development and alterations in brain connectivity. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings also reported disconnectivity within the default mode network (DMN). In this study, we explored the relationship between functional and structural DMN connectivity and their changes with age in patients with 22q11DS in comparison to control participants. Given previous evidence of an association between DMN disconnectivity and the manifestation of psychotic symptoms, we further investigated this relationship in our group of patients with 22q11DS. METHODS T1-weighted, diffusion, and resting-state fMRI scans were acquired from 41 patients with 22q11DS and 43 control participants aged 6 to 28 years. A data-driven approach based on independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify the DMN and to define regions of interest for the structural and functional connectivity analysis. Prodromal psychotic symptoms were assessed in adolescents and adults using the positive symptom scores of the Structured Interview of Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS). Connectivity measures were compared between groups and correlated with age. Repeating the between-group analysis in three different age bins further assessed the presence of age-related alterations in DMN connectivity. Structural and functional connectivity measures were then correlated with the SIPS scores. RESULTS A simultaneous reduction of functional and structural connectivity between core medial nodes of the DMN was observed. Furthermore, structural connectivity measures significantly increased with age in the control group but not in patients with 22q11DS, suggesting the presence of an age-related alteration of the DMN structural connections. No correlations were found between the DMN disconnectivity and expression of prodromal symptoms in 22q11DS. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate the presence of functional and structural DMN disconnectivity in 22q11DS and that patients with 22q11DS fail to develop normal structural connections between medial DMN nodes. This suggests the presence of altered neurodevelopmental trajectories in 22q11DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Padula
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Rue David-Dufour 1, Case Postale 50, 1211 Genève 8, Switzerland
| | - Marie Schaer
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Rue David-Dufour 1, Case Postale 50, 1211 Genève 8, Switzerland ; Stanford Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Elisa Scariati
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Rue David-Dufour 1, Case Postale 50, 1211 Genève 8, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Rue David-Dufour 1, Case Postale 50, 1211 Genève 8, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland ; Medical Image Processing Lab, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Debbané
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Rue David-Dufour 1, Case Postale 50, 1211 Genève 8, Switzerland ; Adolescence Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland ; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, U K
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Rue David-Dufour 1, Case Postale 50, 1211 Genève 8, Switzerland ; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Jalbrzikowski M, Lazaro MT, Gao F, Huang A, Chow C, Geschwind DH, Coppola G, Bearden CE. Transcriptome Profiling of Peripheral Blood in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Reveals Functional Pathways Related to Psychosis and Autism Spectrum Disorder. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26201030 PMCID: PMC4511766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) represents one of the greatest known genetic risk factors for the development of psychotic illness, and is also associated with high rates of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) in childhood. We performed integrated genomic analyses of 22q11DS to identify genes and pathways related to specific phenotypes. Methods We used a high-resolution aCGH array to precisely characterize deletion breakpoints. Using peripheral blood, we examined differential expression (DE) and networks of co-expressed genes related to phenotypic variation within 22q11DS patients. Whole-genome transcriptional profiling was performed using Illumina Human HT-12 microarrays. Data mining techniques were used to validate our results against independent samples of both peripheral blood and brain tissue from idiopathic psychosis and ASD cases. Results Eighty-five percent of 22q11DS individuals (N = 39) carried the typical 3 Mb deletion, with significant variability in deletion characteristics in the remainder of the sample (N = 7). DE analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified expression changes related to psychotic symptoms in patients, including a module of co-expressed genes which was associated with psychosis in 22q11DS and involved in pathways associated with transcriptional regulation. This module was enriched for brain-expressed genes, was not related to antipsychotic medication use, and significantly overlapped with transcriptional changes in idiopathic schizophrenia. In 22q11DS-ASD, both DE and WGCNA analyses implicated dysregulation of immune response pathways. The ASD-associated module showed significant overlap with genes previously associated with idiopathic ASD. Conclusion These findings further support the use of peripheral tissue in the study of major mutational models of diseases affecting the brain, and point towards specific pathways dysregulated in 22q11DS carriers with psychosis and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Maria T. Lazaro
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Fuying Gao
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Alden Huang
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Chow
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Deng Y, Goodrich-Hunsaker NJ, Cabaral M, Amaral DG, Buonocore MH, Harvey D, Kalish K, Carmichael O, Schumann CM, Lee A, Dougherty RF, Perry LM, Wandell BA, Simon TJ. Disrupted fornix integrity in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Psychiatry Res 2015; 232:106-14. [PMID: 25748884 PMCID: PMC4404209 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The fornix is the primary subcortical output fiber system of the hippocampal formation. In children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), hippocampal volume reduction has been commonly reported, but few studies as yet have evaluated the integrity of the fornix. Therefore, we investigated the fornix of 45 school-aged children with 22q11.2DS and 38 matched typically developing (TD) children. Probabilistic diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography was used to reconstruct the body of the fornix in each child׳s brain native space. Compared with children, significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher radial diffusivity (RD) was observed bilaterally in the body of the fornix in children with 22q11.2DS. Irregularities were especially prominent in the posterior aspect of the fornix where it emerges from the hippocampus. Smaller volumes of the hippocampal formations were also found in the 22q11.2DS group. The reduced hippocampal volumes were correlated with lower fornix FA and higher fornix RD in the right hemisphere. Our findings provide neuroanatomical evidence of disrupted hippocampal connectivity in children with 22q11.2DS, which may help to further understand the biological basis of spatial impairments, affective regulation, and other factors related to the ultra-high risk for schizophrenia in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Deng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Naomi J. Goodrich-Hunsaker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Margarita Cabaral
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - David G. Amaral
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Michael H. Buonocore
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kristopher Kalish
- Graduate Group in Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Graduate Group in Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Schumann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Aaron Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | | | - Lee M. Perry
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian A. Wandell
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tony J. Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA,Address correspondence to Dr Tony J. Simon, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. Telephone: (916)-703-0407. Facsimile: (916)-703-0244.
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Meechan DW, Maynard TM, Tucker ES, Fernandez A, Karpinski BA, Rothblat LA, LaMantia AS. Modeling a model: Mouse genetics, 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, and disorders of cortical circuit development. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 130:1-28. [PMID: 25866365 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the developmental etiology of autistic spectrum disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia remains a major challenge for establishing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to these common, difficult-to-treat diseases that compromise neural circuits in the cerebral cortex. One aspect of this challenge is the breadth and overlap of ASD, ADHD, and SCZ deficits; another is the complexity of mutations associated with each, and a third is the difficulty of analyzing disrupted development in at-risk or affected human fetuses. The identification of distinct genetic syndromes that include behavioral deficits similar to those in ASD, ADHC and SCZ provides a critical starting point for meeting this challenge. We summarize clinical and behavioral impairments in children and adults with one such genetic syndrome, the 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, routinely called 22q11DS, caused by micro-deletions of between 1.5 and 3.0 MB on human chromosome 22. Among many syndromic features, including cardiovascular and craniofacial anomalies, 22q11DS patients have a high incidence of brain structural, functional, and behavioral deficits that reflect cerebral cortical dysfunction and fall within the spectrum that defines ASD, ADHD, and SCZ. We show that developmental pathogenesis underlying this apparent genetic "model" syndrome in patients can be defined and analyzed mechanistically using genomically accurate mouse models of the deletion that causes 22q11DS. We conclude that "modeling a model", in this case 22q11DS as a model for idiopathic ASD, ADHD and SCZ, as well as other behavioral disorders like anxiety frequently seen in 22q11DS patients, in genetically engineered mice provides a foundation for understanding the causes and improving diagnosis and therapy for these disorders of cortical circuit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Meechan
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Thomas M Maynard
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Eric S Tucker
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Neuroscience Graduate Program, and Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Alejandra Fernandez
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Beverly A Karpinski
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Lawrence A Rothblat
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Anthony-S LaMantia
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
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Bareš M, Apps R, Kikinis Z, Timmann D, Oz G, Ashe JJ, Loft M, Koutsikou S, Cerminara N, Bushara KO, Kašpárek T. Proceedings of the workshop on Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia and Cortical Connections Unmasked in Health and Disorder held in Brno, Czech Republic, October 17th, 2013. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 14:142-50. [PMID: 25205331 PMCID: PMC5035040 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-014-0595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The proceedings of the workshop synthesize the experimental, preclinical, and clinical data suggesting that the cerebellum, basal ganglia (BG), and their connections play an important role in pathophysiology of various movement disorders (like Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes) or neurodevelopmental disorders (like autism). The contributions from individual distinguished speakers cover the neuroanatomical research of complex networks, neuroimaging data showing that the cerebellum and BG are connected to a wide range of other central nervous system structures involved in movement control. Especially, the cerebellum plays a more complex role in how the brain functions than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bareš
- Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic,
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Kates WR, Olszewski AK, Gnirke MH, Kikinis Z, Nelson J, Antshel KM, Fremont W, Radoeva PD, Middleton FA, Shenton ME, Coman IL. White matter microstructural abnormalities of the cingulum bundle in youths with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: associations with medication, neuropsychological function, and prodromal symptoms of psychosis. Schizophr Res 2015; 161:76-84. [PMID: 25066496 PMCID: PMC4277733 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is regarded as an etiologically homogenous model for understanding neuroanatomic disruptions associated with a high risk for schizophrenia. This study utilized diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to analyze white matter microstructure in individuals with 22q11.2DS. We focused on the cingulum bundle (CB), previously shown to be disrupted in patients with schizophrenia and associated with symptoms of psychosis. METHODS White matter microstructure was assessed in the anterior, superior, and posterior CB using the tractography algorithm in DTIStudio. Neuropsychological function, presence of prodromal symptoms of psychosis, and medication history were assessed in all participants. RESULTS Relative to controls, young adults with 22q11.2DS showed alterations in most DTI metrics of the CB. Alterations were associated with positive prodromal symptoms of psychosis. However, when individuals with 22q11.2DS were divided by usage of antipsychotics/mood stabilizers, the medicated and non-medicated groups differed significantly in axial diffusivity of the anterior CB and in fractional anisotropy of the superior CB. DTI metrics did not differ between the medicated group and the control group. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the microstructure of the CB is altered in individuals with 22q11.2DS, and that those alterations may underlie positive prodromal symptoms of psychosis. Our findings further provide preliminary evidence that antipsychotic/mood stabilizer usage may have a reparative effect on white matter microstructure in prodromal 22q11.2DS, independent of the potential effects of psychosis. Future studies of white matter pathology in individuals with 22q11.2DS should test for potential effects of medication on white matter microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy R Kates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States.
| | - Amy K Olszewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Matthew H Gnirke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Zora Kikinis
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joshua Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Kevin M Antshel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States; Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Wanda Fremont
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Petya D Radoeva
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Frank A Middleton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, United States
| | - Ioana L Coman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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Jalbrzikowski M, Villalon-Reina JE, Karlsgodt KH, Senturk D, Chow C, Thompson PM, Bearden CE. Altered white matter microstructure is associated with social cognition and psychotic symptoms in 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:393. [PMID: 25426042 PMCID: PMC4227518 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
22q11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome (22q11DS) is a highly penetrant genetic mutation associated with a significantly increased risk for psychosis. Aberrant neurodevelopment may lead to inappropriate neural circuit formation and cerebral dysconnectivity in 22q11DS, which may contribute to symptom development. Here we examined: (1) differences between 22q11DS participants and typically developing controls in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures within white matter tracts; (2) whether there is an altered age-related trajectory of white matter pathways in 22q11DS; and (3) relationships between DTI measures, social cognition task performance, and positive symptoms of psychosis in 22q11DS and typically developing controls. Sixty-four direction diffusion weighted imaging data were acquired on 65 participants (36 22q11DS, 29 controls). We examined differences between 22q11DS vs. controls in measures of fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD), using both a voxel-based and region of interest approach. Social cognition domains assessed were: Theory of Mind and emotion recognition. Positive symptoms were assessed using the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes. Compared to typically developing controls, 22q11DS participants showed significantly lower AD and RD in multiple white matter tracts, with effects of greatest magnitude for AD in the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Additionally, 22q11DS participants failed to show typical age-associated changes in FA and RD in the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Higher AD in the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFO) and left uncinate fasciculus was associated with better social cognition in 22q11DS and controls. In contrast, greater severity of positive symptoms was associated with lower AD in bilateral regions of the IFO in 22q11DS. White matter microstructure in tracts relevant to social cognition is disrupted in 22q11DS, and may contribute to psychosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julio E Villalon-Reina
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Katherine H Karlsgodt
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research Manhasset, NY, USA ; Division of Psychiatric Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital Glen Oaks, NY, USA ; Psychiatry, Hofstra Northshore-LIJ School of Medicine Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Damla Senturk
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn Chow
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Peterson D, Mahajan R, Crocetti D, Mejia A, Mostofsky S. Left-hemispheric microstructural abnormalities in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2014; 8:61-72. [PMID: 25256103 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current theories of the neurobiological basis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) posit an altered pattern of connectivity in large-scale brain networks. Here we used diffusion tensor imaging to investigate the microstructural properties of the white matter (WM) that mediates interregional connectivity in 36 high-functioning children with ASD (HF-ASD) as compared with 37 controls. By employing an atlas-based analysis using large deformation diffeometric morphic mapping registration, a widespread but left-lateralized pattern of abnormalities was revealed. The mean diffusivity (MD) of water in the WM of HF-ASD children was significantly elevated throughout the left hemisphere, particularly in the outer-zone cortical WM. Across diagnostic groups, there was a significant effect of age on left-hemisphere MD, with a similar reduction in MD during childhood in both typically developing and HF-ASD children. The increased MD in children with HF-ASD suggests hypomyelination and may reflect increased short-range cortico-cortical connections subsequent to early WM overgrowth. These findings also highlight left-hemispheric connectivity as relevant to the pathophysiology of ASD and indicate that the spatial distribution of microstructural abnormalities in HF-ASD is widespread and left-lateralized. This altered left-hemispheric connectivity may contribute to deficits in communication and praxis observed in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peterson
- Center for Neurodevelopment and Imaging Research (CNIR), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
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Kikinis Z, Makris N, Finn CT, Bouix S, Lucia D, Coleman MJ, Tworog-Dube E, Kikinis R, Kucherlapati R, Shenton ME, Kubicki M. Genetic contributions to changes of fiber tracts of ventral visual stream in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Brain Imaging Behav 2014; 7:316-25. [PMID: 23612843 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-013-9232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) represent a population at high risk for developing schizophrenia, as well as learning disabilities. Deficits in visuo-spatial memory are thought to underlie some of the cognitive disabilities. Neuronal substrates of visuo-spatial memory include the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), two tracts that comprise the ventral visual stream. Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DT-MRI) is an established method to evaluate white matter (WM) connections in vivo. DT-MRI scans of nine 22q11.2DS young adults and nine matched healthy subjects were acquired. Tractography of the IFOF and the ILF was performed. DT-MRI indices, including Fractional anisotropy (FA, measure of WM changes), axial diffusivity (AD, measure of axonal changes) and radial diffusivity (RD, measure of myelin changes) of each of the tracts and each group were measured and compared. The 22q11.2DS group showed statistically significant reductions of FA in IFOF in the left hemisphere. Additionally, reductions of AD were found in the IFOF and the ILF in both hemispheres. These findings might be the consequence of axonal changes, which is possibly due to fewer, thinner, or less organized fibers. No changes in RD were detected in any of the tracts delineated, which is in contrast to findings in schizophrenia patients where increases in RD are believed to be indicative of demyelination. We conclude that reduced axonal changes may be key to understanding the underlying pathology of WM leading to the visuo-spatial phenotype in 22q11.2DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Kikinis
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1249 Boylston Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,
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Scariati E, Schaer M, Richiardi J, Schneider M, Debbané M, Van De Ville D, Eliez S. Identifying 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Psychosis Using Resting-State Connectivity Patterns. Brain Topogr 2014; 27:808-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-014-0356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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White matter abnormalities in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: preliminary associations with the Nogo-66 receptor gene and symptoms of psychosis. Schizophr Res 2014; 152:117-23. [PMID: 24321711 PMCID: PMC3909835 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study utilized diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to analyze white matter tractography in the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), fornix, and uncinate fasciculus (UF) of individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and controls. Aberrations in these tracts have been previously associated with schizophrenia. With up to 25% of individuals with 22q11.2DS developing schizophrenia in adulthood, we hypothesized reduction in structural integrity of these tracts, including an association with prodromal symptoms of psychosis. We further predicted an association between allelic variation in a functional polymorphism of the Nogo-66 receptor gene and 22q11.2DS white matter integrity. METHODS Tractography was conducted using fiber assignment by streamline tracking algorithm in DTI Studio. Subjects were genotyped for the rs701428 SNP of the Nogo-66 receptor gene, and assessed for presence of prodromal symptoms. RESULTS We found significant group differences between 22q11.2DS and controls in DTI metrics for all three tracts. DTI metrics of ALIC and UF were associated with prodromal symptoms in 22q11.2DS. Further, ALIC DTI metrics were associated with allelic variation of the rs701428 SNP of the Nogo-66 receptor gene in 22q11.2DS. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in DTI metrics suggest white matter microstructural anomalies of the ALIC, fornix, and UF in 22q11.2DS. Structural differences in ALIC appear to be associated with the Nogo-66 receptor gene, which has been linked to myelin-mediated axonal growth inhibition. Moreover, the association between psychosis symptoms and ALIC and UF metrics suggests that the Nogo-66 receptor gene may represent a susceptibility gene for psychosis through its disruption of white matter microstructure and myelin-associated axonal growth.
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Li W, Li Q, Zhu J, Qin Y, Zheng Y, Chang H, Zhang D, Wang H, Wang L, Wang Y, Wang W. White matter impairment in chronic heroin dependence: a quantitative DTI study. Brain Res 2013; 1531:58-64. [PMID: 23895765 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to addictive drugs has been associated with disrupted brain white matter integrity. A few studies have examined the white matter deficits in heroin users; however, the results were influenced by the use of substitution drugs such as methadone and buprenorphine. The present study assessed the alteration in white matter integrity and heroin-related neuropathology in heroin dependents who had not received any replacement therapy using quantitative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The study comprised 17 heroin-dependent (HD) subjects and 15 matched healthy controls (HC). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and eigenvalues (λ┴, λ||) of white matter in the whole brain were measured and compared using a voxel-based analysis. The correlation between DTI measurements in identified regions and history of heroin exposure was tested by partial correlation analysis. Compared with HCs, HD subjects displayed decreased FA in the bilateral frontal lobe sub-gyrus, cingulate gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, extra-nuclear, left temporal lobe sub-gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus. Among these regions, the HD group had significantly increased λ┴ in the bilateral frontal lobe sub-gyrus, cingulate gyrus and extra-nuclear relative to the HC group. There were no group differences in λ||. In addition, there were no significant correlations between duration of heroin use or accumulated dosage and FA or λ┴ values. In conclusion, chronic heroin-dependent subjects had widespread disruption of white matter structural connectivity located mainly in anterior and superior regions of the brain. Damage to myelin other than axons was the primary pathological feature in the brain of the heroin user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
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