1
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Bose GS, Kalakoti G, Kulkarni AP, Mittal S. AP-1/C-FOS and AP-1/FRA2 differentially regulate early and late adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38440920 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is defined as an abnormal accumulation of adipose tissue in the body and is a major global health problem due to increased morbidity and mortality. Adipose tissue is made up of adipocytes, which are fat-storing cells, and the differentiation of these fat cells is known as adipogenesis. Several transcription factors (TFs) such as CEBPβ, CEBPα, PPARγ, GATA, and KLF have been reported to play a key role in adipogenesis. In this study, we report one more TF AP-1, which is found to be involved in adipogenesis. Human mesenchymal stem cells were differentiated into adipocytes, and the expression pattern of different subunits of AP-1 was examined during adipogenesis. It was observed that C-FOS was predominantly expressed at an early stage (Day 2), whereas FRA2 expression peaked at later stages (Days 6 and 8) of adipogenesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis revealed that C-FOS binds mainly to the promoters of WNT1, miR-30a, and ANAPC7 and regulates their expression during mitotic clonal expansion. In contrast, FRA2 binds to the promoters of CIDEA, NOTCH1, ARAF, and MYLK, regulating their expression and lipid metabolism. Data obtained clearly indicate that the differential expression of C-FOS and FRA2 is crucial for different stages of adipogenesis. This also raises the possibility of considering AP-1 as a therapeutic target for treating obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Suraj Bose
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Garima Kalakoti
- Bioinformatics Center, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | | | - Smriti Mittal
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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2
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Almalki WH. Unraveling the role of Xist RNA in cardiovascular pathogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154944. [PMID: 38006839 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular pathways behind cardiovascular illnesses is crucial due to the enormous worldwide health burden they impose. New insights into the role played by Xist (X-inactive specific transcript) RNA in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases have emerged from recent studies. Since its discovery, Xist RNA has been known for its role in X chromosome inactivation during embryogenesis; however, new data suggest that its function extends well beyond the control of sex chromosomes. The regulatory roles of Xist RNA are extensive, encompassing epigenetic changes, gene expression, cellular identity, and sex chromosomal inactivation. There is potential for the involvement of this complex regulatory web in a wide range of illnesses, including cardiovascular problems. Atherosclerosis, hypertrophy, and cardiac fibrosis are all conditions linked to dysregulation of Xist RNA expression. Alterations in DNA methylation and histones are two examples of epigenetic changes that Xist RNA orchestrates, leading to modifications in gene expression patterns in different cardiovascular cells. Additionally, Xist RNA has been shown to contribute to the development of cardiovascular illnesses by modulating endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress responses. New treatment approaches may become feasible with a thorough understanding of the complex function of Xist RNA in cardiovascular diseases. By focusing on Xist RNA and the regulatory network with which it interacts, we may be able to slow the progression of atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis, thereby opening novel therapeutic options for cardiovascular diseases amenable to precision medicine. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning the impact of Xist RNA in cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Adeva-Andany MM, Domínguez-Montero A, Adeva-Contreras L, Fernández-Fernández C, Carneiro-Freire N, González-Lucán M. Body Fat Distribution Contributes to Defining the Relationship between Insulin Resistance and Obesity in Human Diseases. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e160823219824. [PMID: 37587805 DOI: 10.2174/1573399820666230816111624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The risk for metabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity is defined by body fat distribution rather than global adiposity. Unlike subcutaneous fat, visceral fat (including hepatic steatosis) reflects insulin resistance and predicts type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In humans, available evidence indicates that the ability to store triglycerides in the subcutaneous adipose tissue reflects enhanced insulin sensitivity. Prospective studies document an association between larger subcutaneous fat mass at baseline and reduced incidence of impaired glucose tolerance. Case-control studies reveal an association between genetic predisposition to insulin resistance and a lower amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorgamma (PPAR-γ) promotes subcutaneous adipocyte differentiation and subcutaneous fat deposition, improving insulin resistance and reducing visceral fat. Thiazolidinediones reproduce the effects of PPAR-γ activation and therefore increase the amount of subcutaneous fat while enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing visceral fat. Partial or virtually complete lack of adipose tissue (lipodystrophy) is associated with insulin resistance and its clinical manifestations, including essential hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced HDL-c, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. Patients with Prader Willi syndrome manifest severe subcutaneous obesity without insulin resistance. The impaired ability to accumulate fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue may be due to deficient triglyceride synthesis, inadequate formation of lipid droplets, or defective adipocyte differentiation. Lean and obese humans develop insulin resistance when the capacity to store fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue is exhausted and deposition of triglycerides is no longer attainable at that location. Existing adipocytes become large and reflect the presence of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M Adeva-Andany
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Alberto Domínguez-Montero
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Fernández-Fernández
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Natalia Carneiro-Freire
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Manuel González-Lucán
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
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4
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Abstract
FOS and FOSB proto-oncogens are involved in a wide variety of tumourigenic processes. FOS and FOSB gene rearrangements are observed in epithelioid haemangioma, pseudomyogenic haemangioendothelioma, osteoid osteoma/osteoblastoma/cementoblastoma and proliferative myositis/fasciitis. In this review, we provide an overview of FOS and FOSB, including their functions and the differences between lesions with known FOS/FOSB gene rearrangements. Additionally, we discuss the use of FOS/FOSB immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic tool for these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Cordier
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Creytens
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Liu P, Li D, Zhang J, He M, Gao D, Wang Y, Lin Y, Pan D, Li P, Wang T, Li J, Kong F, Zeng B, Lu L, Ma J, Long K, Li G, Tang Q, Jin L, Li M. Comparative three-dimensional genome architectures of adipose tissues provide insight into human-specific regulation of metabolic homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104757. [PMID: 37116707 PMCID: PMC10245122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of human adipose tissues (ATs) evolution is essential for understanding human-specific metabolic regulation, but the functional importance and evolutionary dynamics of three-dimensional (3D) genome organizations of ATs are not well defined. Here, we compared the 3D genome architectures of anatomically distinct ATs from humans and six representative mammalian models. We recognized evolutionarily conserved and human-specific chromatin conformation in ATs at multiple scales, including compartmentalization, topologically associating domain (TAD), and promoter-enhancer interactions (PEI), which have not been described previously. We found PEI are much more evolutionarily dynamic with respect to compartmentalization and topologically associating domain. Compared to conserved PEIs, human-specific PEIs are enriched for human-specific sequence, and the binding motifs of their potential mediators (transcription factors) are less conserved. Our data also demonstrated that genes involved in the evolutionary dynamics of chromatin organization have weaker transcriptional conservation than those associated with conserved chromatin organization. Furthermore, the genes involved in energy metabolism and the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis are enriched in human-specific chromatin organization, while housekeeping genes, health-related genes, and genetic variations are enriched in evolutionarily conserved compared to human-specific chromatin organization. Finally, we showed extensively divergent human-specific 3D genome organizations among one subcutaneous and three visceral ATs. Together, these findings provide a global overview of 3D genome architecture dynamics between ATs from human and mammalian models and new insights into understanding the regulatory evolution of human ATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengliang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Diyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiaman Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengnan He
- Wildlife Conservation Research Department, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dengfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dengke Pan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Penghao Li
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine & Genetics, Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecology Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fanli Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Keren Long
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guisen Li
- Renal Department & Nephrology Institute, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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6
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SPARC is a decoy counterpart for c‑Fos and is associated with osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells by inhibiting adipogenesis. Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:50. [PMID: 36633137 PMCID: PMC9879077 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), also called basement‑membrane protein 40 or osteonectin, is a matricellular protein that is abundant not only in bone tissue as a non‑collagenous protein but is also ubiquitously expressed in non‑calcified tissue. SPARC is located intracellularly and disruption of the Sparc gene has been reported to reduce bone formation and increase fat tissue; however, the mechanism by which SPARC inhibits adipogenesis remains unclear. The present study evaluated the intracellular function of SPARC in adipogenesis using the bone marrow stromal cell line ST2. When ST2 cells with low SPARC production were cloned, intrinsic activator protein‑1 (AP‑1) activity was markedly higher, mineralized nodule formation was significantly lower and lipid accumulation was significantly increased compared with in the parental ST2 cells. Forced expression of secreted SPARC with the signal peptide‑coding sequences of wild‑type Sparc or preprotrypsin in SPARC‑low ST2 cells significantly reduced AP‑1 transcription activity; however, these reductions were not observed in the absence of signal peptide sequences. Recombinant SPARC, produced using Brevibacillus brevis, specifically bound to c‑Fos but not c‑Jun and inhibited the binding of c‑Fos/c‑Jun to a TPA‑response element sequence. These data suggested that SPARC was incorporated into the cells from the extracellular spaces and serves an intracellular role as a decoy counterpart for c‑Fos, as well as being associated with osteoblastogenesis through the inhibition of adipogenesis. These findings may provide new insights into regenerative medicine.
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Quan L, Sun X, Wu J, Mei J, Huang L, He R, Nie L, Chen Y, Lyu Q. Learning Useful Representations of DNA Sequences From ChIP-Seq Datasets for Exploring Transcription Factor Binding Specificities. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 19:998-1008. [PMID: 32976105 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2020.3026787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Deep learning has been successfully applied to surprisingly different domains. Researchers and practitioners are employing trained deep learning models to enrich our knowledge. Transcription factors (TFs)are essential for regulating gene expression in all organisms by binding to specific DNA sequences. Here, we designed a deep learning model named SemanticCS (Semantic ChIP-seq)to predict TF binding specificities. We trained our learning model on an ensemble of ChIP-seq datasets (Multi-TF-cell)to learn useful intermediate features across multiple TFs and cells. To interpret these feature vectors, visualization analysis was used. Our results indicate that these learned representations can be used to train shallow machines for other tasks. Using diverse experimental data and evaluation metrics, we show that SemanticCS outperforms other popular methods. In addition, from experimental data, SemanticCS can help to identify the substitutions that cause regulatory abnormalities and to evaluate the effect of substitutions on the binding affinity for the RXR transcription factor. The online server for SemanticCS is freely available at http://qianglab.scst.suda.edu.cn/semanticCS/.
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Tanaka T, Kusakabe T, Ebihara K, Aizawa-Abe M, Aotani D, Yorifuji T, Satoh M, Ogawa Y, Nakao K. Practice guideline for lipodystrophy syndromes-clinically important diseases of the Japan Endocrine Society (JES). Endocr J 2021; 68:1027-1042. [PMID: 34373417 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Tanaka
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Toru Kusakabe
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Ken Ebihara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0431, Japan
| | - Megumi Aizawa-Abe
- Tazuke Kofukai, Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aotani
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Tohru Yorifuji
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka 534-0021, Japan
| | - Mari Satoh
- Pediatrics Center, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 821-8582, Japan
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuwa Nakao
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Zhang D, Wu W, Huang X, Xu K, Zheng C, Zhang J. Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in differentiated subcutaneous adipocytes between Jiaxing Black and Large White pigs. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:61. [PMID: 33468065 PMCID: PMC7814706 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese domestic pig breeds are reputed for pork quality, but their low ratio of lean-to-fat carcass weight decreases production efficiency. A better understanding of the genetic regulation network of subcutaneous fat tissue is necessary for the rational selection of Chinese domestic pig breeds. In the present study, subcutaneous adipocytes were isolated from Jiaxing Black pigs a Chinese indigenous pig breed with redundant subcutaneous fat deposition and Large White pigs a lean-type pig breed with relatively low subcutaneous fat deposition. The expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs were compared by RNA-seq analysis to identify biomarkers correlated with the differences of subcutaneous fat deposition between the two breeds. Results A total of 1058 differentially expressed genes and 221 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified in subcutaneous adipocytes between Jiaxing Black and Large White pigs, which included 275 up-regulated mRNAs, 783 down-regulated mRNAs, 118 up-regulated lncRNAs and 103 down-regulated lncRNAs. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed lncRNAs were mainly involved in the immune response, cell fate determination, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway, which are known to be related to adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. The expression levels of differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed lncRNAs according to the RNA-seq data were verified by quantitative PCR, which showed 81.8% consistency. The differences in MAPK pathway activity between Jiaxing Black and Large White pigs was confirmed by western blot analysis, which revealed elevated p38 phosphorylation in Jiaxing Black pigs. Conclusions This study offers a detailed characterization of mRNAs and lncRNAs in fat- and lean-type pig breeds. The activity of the MAPK signaling pathway was found to be associated with subcutaneous adipogenesis. These results provide new targets for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms regulating subcutaneous fat deposition in pigs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07361-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qin Huangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qin Huangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qin Huangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
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10
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Identification of New, Functionally Relevant Mutations in the Coding Regions of the Human Fos and Jun Proto-Oncogenes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Tissue. Life (Basel) 2020; 11:life11010005. [PMID: 33374881 PMCID: PMC7823737 DOI: 10.3390/life11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the expression of many pro-destructive/pro-inflammatory proteins depends on the transcription factor AP-1. Therefore, our aim was to analyze the presence and functional relevance of mutations in the coding regions of the AP-1 subunits of the fos and jun family in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial membranes (SM) of RA and osteoarthritis patients (OA, disease control), as well as normal controls (NC). Using the non-isotopic RNAse cleavage assay, one known polymorphism (T252C: silent; rs1046117; present in RA, OA, and NC) and three novel germline mutations of the cfos gene were detected: (i) C361G/A367G: Gln121Glu/Ile123Val, denoted as “fos121/123”; present only in one OA sample; (ii) G374A: Arg125Lys, “fos125”; and (iii) C217A/G374A: Leu73Met/Arg125Lys, “fos73/125”, the latter two exclusively present in RA. In addition, three novel somatic cjun mutations (604–606ΔCAG: ΔGln202, “jun202”; C706T: Pro236Ser, “jun236”; G750A: silent) were found exclusively in the RA SM. Tansgenic expression of fos125 and fos73/125 mutants in NIH-3T3 cells induced an activation of reporter constructs containing either the MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase) promoter (3- and 4-fold, respectively) or a pentameric AP-1 site (approximately 5-fold). Combined expression of these two cfos mutants with cjun wildtype or mutants (jun202, jun236) further enhanced reporter expression of the pentameric AP-1 construct. Finally, genotyping for the novel functionally relevant germline mutations in 298 RA, 288 OA, and 484 NC samples revealed no association with RA. Thus, functional cfos/cjun mutants may contribute to local joint inflammation/destruction in selected patients with RA by altering the transactivation capacity of AP-1 complexes.
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11
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Knebel B, Müller-Wieland D, Kotzka J. Lipodystrophies-Disorders of the Fatty Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228778. [PMID: 33233602 PMCID: PMC7699751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of physiological changes characterized by a selective loss of fatty tissue. Here, no fat cells are present, either through lack of differentiation, loss of function or premature apoptosis. As a consequence, lipids can only be stored ectopically in non-adipocytes with the major health consequences as fatty liver and insulin resistance. This is a crucial difference to being slim where the fat cells are present and store lipids if needed. A simple clinical classification of lipodystrophies is based on congenital vs. acquired and generalized vs. partial disturbance of fat distribution. Complications in patients with lipodystrophy depend on the clinical manifestations. For example, in diabetes mellitus microangiopathic complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy may develop. In addition, due to ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver, fatty liver hepatitis may also develop, possibly with cirrhosis. The consequences of extreme hypertriglyceridemia are typically acute pancreatitis or eruptive xanthomas. The combination of severe hyperglycemia with dyslipidemia and signs of insulin resistance can lead to premature atherosclerosis with its associated complications of coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular changes. Overall, lipodystrophy is rare with an estimated incidence for congenital (<1/1.000.000) and acquired (1-9/100.000) forms. Due to the rarity of the syndrome and the phenotypic range of metabolic complications, only studies with limited patient numbers can be considered. Experimental animal models are therefore useful to understand the molecular mechanisms in lipodystrophy and to identify possible therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Knebel
- German Diabetes-Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Müller-Wieland
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Jorg Kotzka
- German Diabetes-Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-3382537
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12
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Ren M, Shi J, Jia J, Guo Y, Ni X, Shi T. Genotype-phenotype correlations of Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy and novel candidate genes prediction. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:108. [PMID: 32349771 PMCID: PMC7191718 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) is a heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an almost total lack of adipose tissue in the body. Mutations in the AGPAT2, BSCL2, CAV1 and PTRF genes define I-IV subtype of BSLC respectively and clinical data indicate that new causative genes remain to be discovered. Here, we retrieved 341 cases from 60 BSCL-related studies worldwide and aimed to explore genotype-phenotype correlations based on mutations of AGPAT2 and BSCL2 genes from 251 cases. We also inferred new candidate genes for BSCL through protein-protein interaction and phenotype-similarity. RESULTS Analysis results show that BSCL type II with earlier age of onset of diabetes mellitus, higher risk to suffer from premature death and mental retardation, is a more severe disorder than BSCL type I, but BSCL type I patients are more likely to have bone cysts. In BSCL type I, females are at higher risk of developing diabetes mellitus and acanthosis nigricans than males, while in BSCL type II, males suffer from diabetes mellitus earlier than females. In addition, some significant correlations among BSCL-related phenotypes were identified. New candidate genes prediction through protein-protein interaction and phenotype-similarity was conducted and we found that CAV3, EBP, SNAP29, HK1, CHRM3, OBSL1 and DNAJC13 genes could be the pathogenic factors for BSCL. Particularly, CAV3 and EBP could be high-priority candidate genes contributing to pathogenesis of BSCL. CONCLUSIONS Our study largely enhances the current knowledge of phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of BSCL and promotes the more comprehensive understanding of pathogenic mechanisms for BSCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ren
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingru Shi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinmeng Jia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongli Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatrics, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatrics, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Tieliu Shi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Hörbelt T, Knebel B, Fahlbusch P, Barbosa D, de Wiza DH, Van de Velde F, Van Nieuwenhove Y, Lapauw B, Thoresen GH, Al-Hasani H, Müller-Wieland D, Ouwens DM, Kotzka J. The adipokine sFRP4 induces insulin resistance and lipogenesis in the liver. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2671-2684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Wang WT, Zhang DJ, Liu ZG, Peng FG, Wang L, Fu B, Wu SH, Li ZQ, Guo ZH, Liu D. Identification of differentially expressed genes in adipose tissue of min pig and large white pig using RNA-seq. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2019.1611912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. T. Wang
- College of Wildlife Resource, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - D. J. Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Z. G. Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - F. G. Peng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - L. Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - B. Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - S. H. Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Z. Q. Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Z. H. Guo
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - D. Liu
- College of Wildlife Resource, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Mcilroy GD, Suchacki K, Roelofs AJ, Yang W, Fu Y, Bai B, Wallace RJ, De Bari C, Cawthorn WP, Han W, Delibegović M, Rochford JJ. Adipose specific disruption of seipin causes early-onset generalised lipodystrophy and altered fuel utilisation without severe metabolic disease. Mol Metab 2018; 10:55-65. [PMID: 29459250 PMCID: PMC5985228 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mutations to the BSCL2 gene disrupt the protein seipin and cause the most severe form of congenital generalised lipodystrophy (CGL). Affected individuals exhibit a near complete loss of white adipose tissue (WAT) and suffer from metabolic disease. Seipin is critical for adipocyte development in culture and mice with germline disruption to Bscl2 recapitulate the effects of BSCL2 disruption in humans. Here we examined whether loss of Bscl2 specifically in developing adipocytes in vivo is sufficient to prevent adipose tissue development and cause all features observed with congenital BSCL2 disruption. Methods We generated and characterised a novel mouse model of Bscl2 deficiency in developing adipocytes (Ad-B2(−/−)) using the adipose-specific Adiponectin-Cre line. Results We demonstrate that Ad-B2(−/−) mice display early onset lipodystrophy, in common with congenital Bscl2 null mice and CGL2 patients. However, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and severe hepatic steatosis are not apparent. Food intake and energy expenditure are unchanged, but Ad-B2(−/−) mice exhibit significantly altered substrate utilisation. We also find differential effects of seipin loss between specific adipose depots revealing new insights regarding their varied characteristics. When fed a high-fat diet, Ad-B2(−/−) mice entirely fail to expand adipose mass but remain glucose tolerant. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that disruption of Bscl2 specifically in developing adipocytes is sufficient to cause the early-onset generalised lipodystrophy observed in patients with mutations in BSCL2. However, this significant reduction in adipose mass does not cause the overt metabolic dysfunction seen in Bscl2 knockout mice, even following a high-fat diet challenge. Seipin loss only in developing adipocytes drives severe early-onset lipodystrophy. This leads to significantly altered use of metabolic substrates. We uncover developmental differences between poorly characterised adipose depots. Despite severely reduced adipose mass mice do not show overt metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karla Suchacki
- The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anke J Roelofs
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Wulin Yang
- Cancer Hospital and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui, China
| | - Yanyun Fu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Bo Bai
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Robert J Wallace
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - William P Cawthorn
- The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Weiping Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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16
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Bou M, Montfort J, Le Cam A, Rallière C, Lebret V, Gabillard JC, Weil C, Gutiérrez J, Rescan PY, Capilla E, Navarro I. Gene expression profile during proliferation and differentiation of rainbow trout adipocyte precursor cells. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:347. [PMID: 28472935 PMCID: PMC5418865 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in cultured fish is an outstanding problem in aquaculture. To understand the development of adiposity, it is crucial to identify the genes which expression is associated with adipogenic differentiation. Therefore, the transcriptomic profile at different time points (days 3, 8, 15 and 21) along primary culture development of rainbow trout preadipocytes has been investigated using an Agilent trout oligo microarray. RESULTS Our analysis identified 4026 genes differentially expressed (fold-change >3) that were divided into two major clusters corresponding to the main phases observed during the preadipocyte culture: proliferation and differentiation. Proliferation cluster comprised 1028 genes up-regulated from days 3 to 8 of culture meanwhile the differentiation cluster was characterized by 2140 induced genes from days 15 to 21. Proliferation was characterized by enrichment in genes involved in basic cellular and metabolic processes (transcription, ribosome biogenesis, translation and protein folding), cellular remodelling and autophagy. In addition, the implication of the eicosanoid signalling pathway was highlighted during this phase. On the other hand, the terminal differentiation phase was enriched with genes involved in energy production, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, during this phase an enrichment in genes involved in the formation of the lipid droplets was evidenced as well as the activation of the thyroid-receptor/retinoic X receptor (TR/RXR) and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) signalling pathways. The whole adipogenic process was driven by a coordinated activation of transcription factors and epigenetic modulators. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study demonstrates the coordinated expression of functionally related genes during proliferation and differentiation of rainbow trout adipocyte cells. Furthermore, the information generated will allow future investigations of specific genes involved in particular stages of fish adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bou
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Present address: Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research), P.O. Box 210, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Jerôme Montfort
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Aurélie Le Cam
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Cécile Rallière
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Véronique Lebret
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Jean-Charles Gabillard
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Claudine Weil
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre-Yves Rescan
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Mota de Sá P, Richard AJ, Hang H, Stephens JM. Transcriptional Regulation of Adipogenesis. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:635-674. [PMID: 28333384 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes are the defining cell type of adipose tissue. Once considered a passive participant in energy storage, adipose tissue is now recognized as a dynamic organ that contributes to several important physiological processes, such as lipid metabolism, systemic energy homeostasis, and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in its development and function is of great importance. Adipocyte differentiation is a highly orchestrated process which can vary between different fat depots as well as between the sexes. While hormones, miRNAs, cytoskeletal proteins, and many other effectors can modulate adipocyte development, the best understood regulators of adipogenesis are the transcription factors that inhibit or promote this process. Ectopic expression and knockdown approaches in cultured cells have been widely used to understand the contribution of transcription factors to adipocyte development, providing a basis for more sophisticated in vivo strategies to examine adipogenesis. To date, over two dozen transcription factors have been shown to play important roles in adipocyte development. These transcription factors belong to several families with many different DNA-binding domains. While peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is undoubtedly the most important transcriptional modulator of adipocyte development in all types of adipose tissue, members of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein, Krüppel-like transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription, GATA, early B cell factor, and interferon-regulatory factor families also regulate adipogenesis. The importance of PPARγ activity is underscored by several covalent modifications that modulate its activity and its ability to modulate adipocyte development. This review will primarily focus on the transcriptional control of adipogenesis in white fat cells and on the mechanisms involved in this fine-tuned developmental process. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:635-674, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mota de Sá
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Allison J Richard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Hardy Hang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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d-Psicose, a sugar substitute, suppresses body fat deposition by altering networks of inflammatory response and lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Demir T, Akinci B, Demir L, Altay C, Atik T, Cavdar U, Secil M, Comlekci A. Partial lipodystrophy of the limbs in a diabetes clinic setting. Prim Care Diabetes 2016; 10:293-299. [PMID: 26776282 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Partial lipodystrophy of the limbs (PLL) is a newly described form of lipodystrophy that is characterized by symmetrical distal lipoatrophy of the limbs and insulin resistant diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, we prospectively screened our patients with type 2 diabetes for the presence of PLL phenotype. Metabolic parameters of PLL patients were compared to those with type 2 diabetes who applied to our diabetes clinic during the same period of time. RESULTS Between Sep 2013 and Mar 2015, 2020 patients with type 2 diabetes were evaluated for the presence of PLL. PLL was confirmed in 16 patients. The prevalence of PLL was calculated as 0.79% in our diabetes clinic. The most common phenotypic presentations were loss of subcutaneous fat in the forearms, calves and thighs, and loss of fat in forearms and calves. Patients with PLL had poor metabolic control and marked insulin resistance compared to subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes had been diagnosed at a younger age in patients with PLL. Patients with PLL also had more atherogenic lipid profiles. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that PLL is a relatively common form of lipodystrophy in diabetes clinics, which is associated with poor metabolic control and marked insulin resistance. The recognition of PLL in patients with type 2 diabetes can help better clinical management by alerting the physician to these associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tevfik Demir
- Dokuz Eylul University, Division of Endocrinology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Baris Akinci
- Dokuz Eylul University, Division of Endocrinology, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Leyla Demir
- Ataturk Training Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Canan Altay
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Radiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tahir Atik
- Ege University, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Umit Cavdar
- Dokuz Eylul University, Division of Endocrinology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Secil
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Radiology, Izmir, Turkey
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Systems view of adipogenesis via novel omics-driven and tissue-specific activity scoring of network functional modules. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28851. [PMID: 27385551 PMCID: PMC4935943 DOI: 10.1038/srep28851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the complex processes involved in cellular differentiation must be based on unbiased, high throughput data processing methods to identify relevant biological pathways. A number of bioinformatics tools are available that can generate lists of pathways ranked by statistical significance (i.e. by p-value), while ideally it would be desirable to functionally score the pathways relative to each other or to other interacting parts of the system or process. We describe a new computational method (Network Activity Score Finder - NASFinder) to identify tissue-specific, omics-determined sub-networks and the connections with their upstream regulator receptors to obtain a systems view of the differentiation of human adipocytes. Adipogenesis of human SBGS pre-adipocyte cells in vitro was monitored with a transcriptomic data set comprising six time points (0, 6, 48, 96, 192, 384 hours). To elucidate the mechanisms of adipogenesis, NASFinder was used to perform time-point analysis by comparing each time point against the control (0 h) and time-lapse analysis by comparing each time point with the previous one. NASFinder identified the coordinated activity of seemingly unrelated processes between each comparison, providing the first systems view of adipogenesis in culture. NASFinder has been implemented into a web-based, freely available resource associated with novel, easy to read visualization of omics data sets and network modules.
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21
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Clinical Utility Gene Card for: Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:ejhg201653. [PMID: 27189019 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Lima JG, Nobrega LHC, de Lima NN, do Nascimento Santos MG, Baracho MFP, Jeronimo SMB. Clinical and laboratory data of a large series of patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2016; 8:23. [PMID: 26985241 PMCID: PMC4793761 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-016-0140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) was initially described by Berardinelli in Brazil in 1954 and 5 years later by Seip in Norway. It is an autosomal recessive disease that leads to a generalized deficit of body fat, evolving with diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of a large series of patients with BSCL. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of patients with BSCL. A total of 54 cases of BSCL were diagnosed, treated and followed for the past 17 years. We report clinical and laboratorial data of 44 of those patients. RESULTS There was a predominance of female patients (27 patients), and the mean age was 21.3 ± 13.7 years old. The majority of patients (30/44; 68.2 %) were diabetic, and almost half of them (14/30 patients, 46.7 %) were on insulin. The mean body mass index was 19.6 ± 3.3 and the mean body fat measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was 5.4 ± 0.8 %. Acanthosis nigricans, acromegaloid facies, atrophic cheeks, prognathism, phlebomegaly, and muscle hypertrophy were the most common clinical features. Only two patients had triglyceridemia lower than 150 mg/dl without the use of lipid-lowering drugs. Hyperinsulinemia was present in the majority of patients, and leptin values were very low in all patients. CONCLUSIONS We report one of the largest series of patients with BSCL treated at a single medical center. Earlier identification of the mutations and a better understanding of the pathophysiology can aid to better treatment and decrease complications, potentially improving life quality and expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josivan G. Lima
- />Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL)/UFRN, Av. Nilo Peçanha, 620 - Petrópolis, Natal, RN 59012-300 Brazil
- />Health Graduate Program, Natal, Brazil
| | - Lucia Helena C. Nobrega
- />Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL)/UFRN, Av. Nilo Peçanha, 620 - Petrópolis, Natal, RN 59012-300 Brazil
| | - Natalia Nobrega de Lima
- />Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL)/UFRN, Av. Nilo Peçanha, 620 - Petrópolis, Natal, RN 59012-300 Brazil
| | | | - Maria F. P. Baracho
- />Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL)/UFRN, Av. Nilo Peçanha, 620 - Petrópolis, Natal, RN 59012-300 Brazil
| | - Selma Maria Bezerra Jeronimo
- />Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- />Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
- />Institute of Science and Technology of Tropical Diseases, INCT-DT, Salvador, Brazil
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Buffet A, Lombes M, Caron P. Génétique des lipodystrophies congénitales. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2015; 76:S2-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4266(16)30002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is a heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a near complete lack of adipose tissue from birth and, later in life, the development of metabolic complications, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridaemia and hepatic steatosis. Four distinct subtypes of CGL exist: type 1 is associated with AGPAT2 mutations; type 2 is associated with BSCL2 mutations; type 3 is associated with CAV1 mutations; and type 4 is associated with PTRF mutations. The products of these genes have crucial roles in phospholipid and triglyceride synthesis, as well as in the formation of lipid droplets and caveolae within adipocytes. The predominant cause of metabolic complications in CGL is excess triglyceride accumulation in the liver and skeletal muscle owing to the inability to store triglycerides in adipose tissue. Profound hypoleptinaemia further exacerbates metabolic derangements by inducing a voracious appetite. Patients require psychological support, a low-fat diet, increased physical activity and cosmetic surgery. Aside from conventional therapy for hyperlipidaemia and diabetes mellitus, metreleptin replacement therapy can dramatically improve metabolic complications in patients with CGL. In this Review, we discuss the molecular genetic basis of CGL, the pathogenesis of the disease's metabolic complications and therapeutic options for patients with CGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Patni
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Centre for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8537, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8537, USA
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Prieur X, Le May C, Magré J, Cariou B. Congenital lipodystrophies and dyslipidemias. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2015; 16:437. [PMID: 25047893 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-014-0437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipodystrophies are rare acquired and genetic disorders characterized by the selective loss of adipose tissue. One key metabolic feature of patients with congenital inherited lipodystrophy is hypertriglyceridemia. The precise mechanisms by which the lack of adipose tissue causes dyslipidemia remain largely unknown. In recent years, new insights have arisen from data obtained in vitro in adipocytes, yeast, drosophila, and very recently in several genetically modified mouse models of generalized lipodystrophy. A common metabolic pathway involving accelerated lipolysis and defective energy storage seems to contribute to the dyslipidemia associated with congenital generalized lipodystrophy syndromes, although the pathophysiological changes may vary with the nature of the mutation involved. Therapeutic management of dyslipidemia in patients with lipodystrophy is primarily based on specific approaches using recombinant leptin therapy. Preclinical studies suggest a potential efficacy of thiazolidinediones that remains to be assessed in dedicated clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Prieur
- INSERM U1087-CNRS UMR 6291, L'institut du Thorax, 8 quai Moncousu, 44007, Nantes Cedex 1, France,
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Garg A, Kircher M, Del Campo M, Amato RS, Agarwal AK. Whole exome sequencing identifies de novo heterozygous CAV1 mutations associated with a novel neonatal onset lipodystrophy syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:1796-806. [PMID: 25898808 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress in identifying causal genes for many types of genetic lipodystrophies in the last decade, the molecular basis of many extremely rare lipodystrophy patients with distinctive phenotypes remains unclear. We conducted whole exome sequencing of the parents and probands from six pedigrees with neonatal onset of generalized loss of subcutaneous fat with additional distinctive phenotypic features and report de novo heterozygous null mutations, c.424C>T (p.Q142*) and c.479_480delTT (p.F160*), in CAV1 in a 7-year-old male and a 3-year-old female of European origin, respectively. Both the patients had generalized fat loss, thin mottled skin and progeroid features at birth. The male patient had cataracts requiring extraction at age 30 months and the female patient had pulmonary arterial hypertension. Dermal fibroblasts of the female patient revealed negligible CAV1 immunofluorescence staining compared to control but there were no differences in the number and morphology of caveolae upon electron microscopy examination. Based upon the similarities in the clinical features of these two patients, previous reports of CAV1 mutations in patients with lipodystrophies and pulmonary hypertension, and similar features seen in CAV1 null mice, we conclude that these variants are the most likely cause of one subtype of neonatal onset generalized lipodystrophy syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Garg
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Martin Kircher
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Miguel Del Campo
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Stephen Amato
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Anil K Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Knebel B, Hartwig S, Haas J, Lehr S, Goeddeke S, Susanto F, Bohne L, Jacob S, Koellmer C, Nitzgen U, Müller-Wieland D, Kotzka J. Peroxisomes compensate hepatic lipid overflow in mice with fatty liver. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:965-76. [PMID: 25790917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Major causes of lipid accumulation in liver are increased import or synthesis or decreased catabolism of fatty acids. The latter is caused by dysfunction of cellular organelles controlling energy homeostasis, i.e., mitochondria. Peroxisomes also appear to be an important organelle in lipid metabolism of hepatocytes, but little is known about their role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To investigate the role of peroxisomes alongside mitochondria in excessive hepatic lipid accumulation, we used leptin-resistant db/db mice on C57BLKS background, a mouse model that develops hyperphagia-induced diabetes with obesity and NAFLD. Proteome and gene expression analyses along with lipid analyses in the liver revealed differential expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and β-oxidation, whereas genes for peroxisomal proteins were predominantly regulated. CONCLUSION Our investigations show that in fatty liver disease in combination with obesity and diabetes, the hepatocyte-protecting organelle peroxisome is altered. Hence, peroxisomes might indicate a stage of pre-NAFLD, play a role in the early development of NAFLD and appear to be a potential target for treatment and prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Knebel
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Aufm Hennekamp 65, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Aufm Hennekamp 65, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jutta Haas
- Institute for Diabetes Research, Department of General Internal Medicine, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Medical Faculty of Semmelweis University, Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Lohmuehlen Str 5, Hamburg 20099, Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Aufm Hennekamp 65, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Simon Goeddeke
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Aufm Hennekamp 65, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Franciscus Susanto
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Aufm Hennekamp 65, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Lothar Bohne
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Aufm Hennekamp 65, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Sylvia Jacob
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Aufm Hennekamp 65, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Cornelia Koellmer
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Aufm Hennekamp 65, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Ulrike Nitzgen
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Aufm Hennekamp 65, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Dirk Müller-Wieland
- Institute for Diabetes Research, Department of General Internal Medicine, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Medical Faculty of Semmelweis University, Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Lohmuehlen Str 5, Hamburg 20099, Germany
| | - Jorg Kotzka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Aufm Hennekamp 65, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany.
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Abstract
Lipodystrophies are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue and metabolic dysfunction, including insulin resistance, increased levels of free fatty acids, abnormal adipocytokine secretion, and ectopic fat deposition, which are also observed in patients with visceral obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiological, biochemical, and genetic studies suggest that impairment in multiple adipose tissue functions, including adipocyte maturation, lipid storage, formation and/or maintenance of the lipid droplet, membrane composition, DNA repair efficiency, and insulin signaling, results in severe metabolic and endocrine consequences, ultimately leading to specific lipodystrophic phenotypes. In this review, recent evidences on the causes and metabolic processes of lipodystrophies will be presented, proposing a disease model that could be potentially informative for better understanding of common metabolic diseases in humans, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Ficarella
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy,
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Lu YH, Dallner OS, Birsoy K, Fayzikhodjaeva G, Friedman JM. Nuclear Factor-Y is an adipogenic factor that regulates leptin gene expression. Mol Metab 2015; 4:392-405. [PMID: 25973387 PMCID: PMC4420997 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Leptin gene expression is highly correlated with cellular lipid content in adipocytes but the transcriptional mechanisms controlling leptin expression in vivo are poorly understood. In this report, we set out to identify cis- and trans-regulatory elements controlling leptin expression. Methods Leptin-BAC luciferase transgenic mice combining with other computational and molecular techniques were used to identify transcription regulatory elements including a CCAAT-binding protein Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y). The function of NF-Y in adipocyte was studied in vitro with 3T3-L1 cells and in vivo with adipocyte-specific knockout of NF-Y. Results Using Leptin-BAC luciferase mice, we showed that DNA sequences between −22 kb and +8.8 kb can confer quantitative expression of a leptin reporter. Computational analysis of sequences and gel shift assays identified a 32 bp sequence (chr6: 28993820–2899385) consisting a CCAAT binding site for Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) and this was confirmed by a ChIP assay in vivo. A deletion of this 32 bp sequence in the −22 kb to +8.8 kb leptin-luciferase BAC reporter completely abrogates luciferase reporter activity in vivo. RNAi mediated knockdown of NF-Y interfered with adipogenesis in vitro and adipocyte-specific knockout of NF-Y in mice reduced expression of leptin and other fat specific genes in vivo. Further analyses of the fat specific NF-Y knockout revealed that these animals develop a moderately severe lipodystrophy that is remediable with leptin therapy. Conclusions These studies advance our understanding of leptin gene expression and show that NF-Y controls the expression of leptin and other adipocyte genes and identifies a new form of lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsueh Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olof Stefan Dallner
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kivanc Birsoy
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gulya Fayzikhodjaeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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30
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Stears A, Hames C. Diagnosis and management of lipodystrophy: a practical update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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