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Daly AC, Cambuli F, Äijö T, Lötstedt B, Marjanovic N, Kuksenko O, Smith-Erb M, Fernandez S, Domovic D, Van Wittenberghe N, Drokhlyansky E, Griffin GK, Phatnani H, Bonneau R, Regev A, Vickovic S. Tissue and cellular spatiotemporal dynamics in colon aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.22.590125. [PMID: 38712088 PMCID: PMC11071407 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.590125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Tissue structure and molecular circuitry in the colon can be profoundly impacted by systemic age-related effects, but many of the underlying molecular cues remain unclear. Here, we built a cellular and spatial atlas of the colon across three anatomical regions and 11 age groups, encompassing ~1,500 mouse gut tissues profiled by spatial transcriptomics and ~400,000 single nucleus RNA-seq profiles. We developed a new computational framework, cSplotch, which learns a hierarchical Bayesian model of spatially resolved cellular expression associated with age, tissue region, and sex, by leveraging histological features to share information across tissue samples and data modalities. Using this model, we identified cellular and molecular gradients along the adult colonic tract and across the main crypt axis, and multicellular programs associated with aging in the large intestine. Our multi-modal framework for the investigation of cell and tissue organization can aid in the understanding of cellular roles in tissue-level pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan C. Daly
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tarmo Äijö
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Britta Lötstedt
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nemanja Marjanovic
- Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Olena Kuksenko
- Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Eugene Drokhlyansky
- Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel K Griffin
- Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hemali Phatnani
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Bonneau
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Current address: Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Current address: Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sanja Vickovic
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Herbert Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Beijer Laboratory for Gene and Neuro Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Song JG, Lee B, Kim DE, Seo BK, Oh NS, Kim SH, Kim HW. Fermented mixed grain ameliorates chronic stress-induced depression-like behavior and memory deficit. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:969-979. [PMID: 38371678 PMCID: PMC10866851 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermented mixed grain (FG) has beneficial anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of FG on gut inflammation, brain dysfunction, and anxiety/depression-like behavior induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) in mice. Mice were administered mixed grain or FG for 3 weeks and were then exposed to UCMS for 4 weeks. FG administration ameliorated stress-induced anxiety/despair-like behavior. FG administration also prevented UCMS-induced memory impairment. Additionally, the mRNA levels of 5-HTR1A and IL-6 were restored to normal levels in the brains of FG-administered mice. FG administration also inhibited intestinal damage in stressed mice compared with that in the UCMS (without FG) group. These results suggest that FG can alleviate stress-induced intestinal damage, brain dysfunction, and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gwang Song
- Department of Bio-integrated Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Lee
- Department of Bio-integrated Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Do Eon Kim
- Department of Bio-integrated Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Kyeong Seo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Su Oh
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019 Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kim
- Department of Bio-integrated Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
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3
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Impairments of intestinal arginine and NO metabolisms trigger aging-associated intestinal barrier dysfunction and 'inflammaging'. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102528. [PMID: 36356464 PMCID: PMC9649383 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered a state of low grade inflammation, occurring in the absence of any overt infection often referred to as 'inflammaging'. Maintaining intestinal homeostasis may be a target to extend a healthier status in older adults. Here, we report that even in healthy older men low grade bacterial endotoxemia is prevalent. In addition, employing multiple mouse models, we also show that while intestinal microbiota composition changes significantly during aging, fecal microbiota transplantation to old mice does not protect against aging-associated intestinal barrier dysfunction in small intestine. Rather, intestinal NO homeostasis and arginine metabolism mediated through arginase and NO synthesis is altered in small intestine of aging mice. Treatment with the arginase inhibitor norNOHA prevented aging-associated intestinal barrier dysfunction, low grade endotoxemia and delayed the onset of senescence in peripheral tissue e.g., liver. Intestinal arginine and NO metabolisms could be a target in the prevention of aging-associated intestinal barrier dysfunction and subsequently decline and 'inflammaging'.
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Zhang ZD, Tao Q, Qin Z, Liu XW, Li SH, Bai LX, Yang YJ, Li JY. Uptake and Transport of Naringenin and Its Antioxidant Effects in Human Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells. Front Nutr 2022; 9:894117. [PMID: 35685871 PMCID: PMC9173001 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.894117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringenin, a flavanone, has been reported for a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, there are few reports on the absorption, transport and antioxidant effects of naringenin. The study was to explore the uptake, transport and antioxidant effects of naringenin in vitro. Cell transmembrane resistance, lucifer yellow transmission rate, and alkaline phosphatase activity were used to evaluate the successful construction of cell model. The results showed that the absorption and transport of naringenin by Caco-2 cells were time- and concentration-dependent. Different temperatures (37 and 4°C) had a significant effect on the uptake and transport of naringenin. Verapamil, potent inhibitor of P-glycoprotein, significantly inhibit naringenin transport in Caco-2 cells. The results revealed that naringenin was a moderately absorbed biological macromolecule and can penetrate Caco-2 cells, mainly mediated by the active transport pathway involved in P-glycoprotein. At the same time, naringenin pretreatment could significantly increase the viability of H2O2-induced Caco-2 cells. Twenty four differential metabolites were identified based on cellular metabolite analysis, mainly including alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, histidine metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, purine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, citrate cycle, riboflavin metabolism, and D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism. We concluded that the transport of naringenin by Caco-2 cells is mainly involved in active transport mediated by P-glycoprotein and naringenin may play an important role in oxidative stress-induced intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Dong Zhang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qi Tao
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhe Qin
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shi-Hong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li-Xia Bai
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
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Zhou J, Hou P, Yao Y, Yue J, Zhang Q, Yi L, Mi M. Dihydromyricetin Improves High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperglycemia through ILC3 Activation via a SIRT3-Dependent Mechanism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101093. [PMID: 35635431 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Previous studies indicate that dihydromyricetin (DHM) effectively improved glucose homeostasis and alleviated insulin resistance in population-intervened trials, yet the underlying mechanism remains obscure. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type male mice and recombinase activating gene 1(Rag1)-/- mice (lacking adaptive immunity lymphocytes) are fed with control, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD+DHM diets for 8 weeks. DHM effectively protects HFD feeding mice against hyperglycemia by promoting group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) cells proliferation and interleukin 22 (IL-22) production. Furthermore, IL-22 secretion induced by DHM increases the expression levels of the tight junction (TJs) molecules to protect the intestinal barrier integrity, thereby decreasing the level of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), an endotoxin that is involved in the regulation of chronic tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. In addition, silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 3 (SIRT3) deficiency results in more serious obesity and intestinal barrier damage following HFD feeding and abolished DHM-mediated increase in IL-22 expression levels of ILC3 cells in SIRT3 knockout (SIRT3KO) mice. DHM reduces metabolic stress and enhances mitochondrial respiratory capacity to promote cell proliferation and IL-22 secretion by activating SIRT3 in ILC3 cells CONCLUSIONS: DHM improves IL-22 production of ILC3 cells and subsequently inhibits intestinal barrier dysfunction to alleviate hyperglycemia partially mediated by SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Hou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Yu Yao
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yue
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Qianyong Zhang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Long Yi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
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Zhang H, Ding Y, Zeng Q, Wang D, Liu G, Hussain Z, Xiao B, Liu W, Deng T. Characteristics of mesenteric adipose tissue attached to different intestinal segments and their roles in immune regulation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G310-G326. [PMID: 34984923 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00256.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) plays a critical role in the intestinal physiological ecosystems. Small and large intestines have evidently intrinsic and distinct characteristics. However, whether there exist any mesenteric differences adjacent to the small and large intestines (SMAT and LMAT) has not been properly characterized. We studied the important facets of these differences, such as morphology, gene expression, cell components, and immune regulation of MATs, to characterize the mesenteric differences. The SMAT and LMAT of mice were used for comparison of tissue morphology. Paired mesenteric samples were analyzed by RNA-seq to clarify gene expression profiles. MAT partial excision models were constructed to illustrate the immune regulation roles of MATs, and 16S-seq was applied to detect the subsequent effect on microbiota. Our data show that different segments of mesenteries have different morphological structures. SMAT not only has smaller adipocytes but also contains more fat-associated lymphoid clusters than LMAT. The gene expression profile is also discrepant between these two MATs in mice. B-cell markers were abundantly expressed in SMAT, whereas development-related genes were highly expressed in LMAT. Adipose-derived stem cells of LMAT exhibited higher adipogenic potential and lower proliferation rates than those of SMAT. In addition, SMAT and LMAT play different roles in immune regulation and subsequently affect microbiota components. Finally, our data clarified the described differences between SMAT and LMAT in humans. There were significant differences in cell morphology, gene expression profiles, cell components, biological characteristics, and immune and microbiota regulation roles between regional MATs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our results change the paradigm of how we regard MAT as a contiguous and homogeneous tissue to an intensely heterogeneous tissue. Appreciation of the differences between regional MATs will guide future research to investigate the specialized roles of different MATs in intestinal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yujin Ding
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ganglei Liu
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zain Hussain
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas
| | - Boen Xiao
- Department of Biliopancreatic Surgery and Bariatric Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biliopancreatic Surgery and Bariatric Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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7
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The Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction as Driving Factor of Inflammaging. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050949. [PMID: 35267924 PMCID: PMC8912763 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier, composed of the luminal microbiota, the mucus layer, and the physical barrier consisting of epithelial cells and immune cells, the latter residing underneath and within the epithelial cells, plays a special role in health and disease. While there is growing knowledge on the changes to the different layers associated with disease development, the barrier function also plays an important role during aging. Besides changes in the composition and function of cellular junctions, the entire gastrointestinal physiology contributes to essential age-related changes. This is also reflected by substantial differences in the microbial composition throughout the life span. Even though it remains difficult to define physiological age-related changes and to distinguish them from early signs of pathologies, studies in centenarians provide insights into the intestinal barrier features associated with longevity. The knowledge reviewed in this narrative review article might contribute to the definition of strategies to prevent the development of diseases in the elderly. Thus, targeted interventions to improve overall barrier function will be important disease prevention strategies for healthy aging in the future.
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8
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Long L, Liu W, Ruan P, Yang X, Chen X, Li L, Yuan F, He D, Huang P, Gong A, Wang K. Visualizing the Interplay of Lipid Droplets and Protein Aggregates During Aging via a Dual-Functional Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2803-2811. [PMID: 35104110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging the interplay between lipid droplets (LDs) and protein aggregates (PAs) is extremely valuable for elucidating molecular mechanisms of aging. Here, we describe the first dual-functional fluorescent probe, LW-1, for simultaneously imaging LDs and PAs in distinct fluorescence channels to dissect interplaying roles between LDs and PAs during aging. Notably, based on an intriguing mechanism of hydrogen bonds regulating single bond rotation, LW-1 selectively detected LDs in a red channel. Meanwhile, based on another mechanism of the hydrogen bond regulating intramolecular charge transfer efficiency, probe LW-1 further detected PAs in an NIR channel. Practical applications showed that LW-1 was capable of concurrently detecting LDs and PAs in living cells. Moreover, simultaneously imaging LDs and PAs in intestine tissues of mice at different aging degrees was conducted. The results denoted that the PAs level in the intestine tissue increased dramatically with aging, accompanying the buildup of LDs. Significantly, the interplay between LDs and PAs during aging was observed. These evidences demonstrated that the PAs level was closely related with aging processes in intestine tissues, while LDs were formed correspondingly to interact with PAs, suggesting that excessive PAs can be loaded into LDs and then be removed by lipophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingliang Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Peng Ruan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Xinrong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - LuLu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Dan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Pan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Aihua Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
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9
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Wang Q, Qi Y, Shen W, Xu J, Wang L, Chen S, Hou T, Si J. The Aged Intestine: Performance and Rejuvenation. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1693-1712. [PMID: 34631215 PMCID: PMC8460310 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the growing elderly population, age-related problems are gaining increasing attention from the scientific community. With senescence, the intestine undergoes a spectrum of changes and infirmities that are likely the causes of overall aging. Therefore, identification of the aged intestine and the search for novel strategies to rescue it, are required. Although progress has been made in research on some components of the aged intestine, such as intestinal stem cells, the comprehensive understanding of intestinal aging is still limited, and this restricts the in-depth search for efficient strategies. In this concise review, we discuss several aspects of intestinal aging. More emphasis is placed on the appraisal of current and potential strategies to alleviate intestinal aging, as well as future targets to rejuvenate the aged intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Wang
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.,2Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yadong Qi
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.,2Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiyi Shen
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.,2Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jilei Xu
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.,2Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lan Wang
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.,2Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shujie Chen
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.,2Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tongyao Hou
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.,2Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianmin Si
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.,2Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
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10
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Larrick JW, Mendelsohn AR. Supplementation with Brush Border Enzyme Alkaline Phosphatase Slows Aging. Rejuvenation Res 2021; 23:171-175. [PMID: 32253980 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2020.2335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diminished integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier with advanced age is believed to contribute to aging-associated dysfunction and pathologies in animals. In mammals, diminished gut integrity contributes to inflammaging, the increase in inflammatory processes observed in old age. Recent work suggests that expression of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) plays a key role in maintaining gut integrity. IAP expression decreases with increasing age in mice and humans. Absence of IAP leads to liver inflammation and shortened life-spans in mice lacking the IAP gene. In normal mice, exogenous supplemental IAP reverses age-induced barrier dysfunction, improves aging-associated metabolic dysfunction, prevents microbiome dysbiosis (imbalance), and extends life-span. Consistent with IAP playing a conserved role in maintaining gut integrity, increased dietary IAP increases aging-diminished physical performance in flies. IAP helps maintain gut integrity in part by supporting the expression of tight junction proteins that maintain the intestinal epithelial barrier and by inactivating bacterial pro-inflammatory factors such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by dephosphorylation. Recombinant IAP is in late clinical trials for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury, suggesting it may soon become available as a therapeutic. Taken together, these reports support the idea that directly increasing IAP levels by supplemental recombinant IAP or by indirectly increasing IAP levels using dietary means to induce endogenous IAP may slow the development of aging-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Larrick
- Panorama Research Institute, Sunnydale, California.,Regenerative Sciences Institute, Sunnydale, California
| | - Andrew R Mendelsohn
- Panorama Research Institute, Sunnydale, California.,Regenerative Sciences Institute, Sunnydale, California
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11
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Håkansson Å, Nuur Farma Megaelectra A, Persson J, Zhang S, Alsanius B, Olsson M, Jeppsson B. Immune response and gut microbiota of mice on a diet mimicking eating habits of elderly with risk of malnutrition development. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:1071-1082. [PMID: 33840335 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1906212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The number of elderlies is increasing but prevalence of malnutrition has been reported. The aim of the study was to determine the significance of short-term nutritional deficiencies in mice. Immune status was assessed through flow cytometry of leucocytes in Peyer's patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and intestinal microbiota was evaluated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). C57BL/6NCrl mice fed standard diet (StD) or experimental diet high in fat, and low in carbohydrates, protein, fibre, vitamins, and minerals (ExpD) for 2 or 4 weeks. ExpD-animals gained less weight, increased liver lipids, and developed splenomegaly. Diet affected regulatory T-cells, gut homing receptors and TLR2 and TLR4 in PP and MLN and the microbiota was influenced. Partial least squares models on flow cytometry- and T-RFLP data demonstrated correlations between microbial communities and immune phenotyping. Our model shows similarities to malnourished elderly and interactions between intestinal bacteria and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Håkansson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Chemical Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Jenny Persson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Chemical Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Su Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Surgery Research Unit and the Clinic of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beatrix Alsanius
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Marie Olsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, SLU, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Bengt Jeppsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Surgery Research Unit and the Clinic of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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12
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Chen LH, Wang MF, Chang CC, Huang SY, Pan CH, Yeh YT, Huang CH, Chan CH, Huang HY. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PS23 Effectively Modulates Gut Microbiota Composition and Improves Gastrointestinal Function in Aged SAMP8 Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041116. [PMID: 33805289 PMCID: PMC8067042 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are reported to improve gastrointestinal (GI) function via regulating gut microbiota (GM). However, exactly how probiotics influence GM and GI function in elders is poorly characterized. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the effect of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PS23 (LPPS23) on the GM and GI function of aged mice. There were four groups of senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) mice (n = 4): a non-treated control group, a saline control group, a low dose LPPS23 group (1 × 108 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mouse/day), and a high dose LPPS23 group (1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day). Non-treated mice were euthanized at 16 weeks old, and others were euthanized at 28 weeks old. The next-generation sequencing results revealed that LPPS23 enriched Lactobacillus and Candidatus_Saccharimonas, while the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_UCG_001 decreased in aged mice given LPPS23. The abundance of Lactobacillus negatively correlated with the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae. Moreover, LPPS23 improved the GI function of aged mice due to the longer intestine length, lower intestinal permeability, and higher phagocytosis in LPPS23-treated mice. The ELISA results showed that LPPS23 attenuated the alterations of pro-inflammatory factors and immunoglobulins. The abundance of LPPS23-enriched Lactobacillus was positively correlated with healthy GI function, while Lachnospiraceae_UCG_001, which was repressed by LPPS23, was negatively correlated with a healthy GI function in the aged mice according to Spearman’s correlation analysis. Taken together, LPPS23 can effectively modulate GM composition and improve GI function in aged SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Chen
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fu Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan; (Y.-T.Y.); (C.-H.H.)
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung 92849, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsieh Huang
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan; (Y.-T.Y.); (C.-H.H.)
- Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Chan
- Graduate Institute of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei 10452, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6600-2178
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13
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Baumann A, Hernández-Arriaga A, Brandt A, Sánchez V, Nier A, Jung F, Kehm R, Höhn A, Grune T, Frahm C, Witte OW, Camarinha-Silva A, Bergheim I. Microbiota profiling in aging-associated inflammation and liver degeneration. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151500. [PMID: 33813306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of people above the age of 60 years is raising world-wide being associated with an increase in the prevalence of aging-associated impairments and even diseases. Recent studies suggest that aging is associated with alterations in bacterial endotoxin levels and that these changes may add to low-grade inflammation, the so-called 'inflammaging', and aging-associated liver degeneration. However, mechanisms involved, and especially, the interaction of intestinal microbiota and barrier in the development of aging-associated inflammation and liver degeneration have not been fully understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to determine if intestinal microbiota composition changes with age and if these alterations are associated with changes of markers of intestinal barrier function and the development of inflammation and liver degeneration. METHODS Blood, liver, small and large intestinal tissue of male 2-, 15-, 24- and 30-months old C57BL/6 mice fed standard chow were obtained. Intestinal microbiota composition, expression levels of antimicrobial peptides in small intestine and markers of intestinal barrier function were measured. Furthermore, indices of liver damage, inflammation and expression levels of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (Lbp) as well as of toll-like receptors (Tlr) 1-9 in liver tissue were assessed. RESULTS Pairwise comparisons of the microbial community in the small intestine showed differences between 2- and 24-, 15- and 24-, as well as 15- and 30-months old animals while Shannon's diversity, species richness and evenness indexes did not differ in both small and large intestine, respectively, between age groups. Concentrations of nitric oxide were significantly lower in small intestine of 15-, 24- and 30-months old mice compared to 2-months old mice while mRNA expression of the antimicrobial peptides defensin alpha 1 and lysozyme 1 was unchanged. In contrast, in liver tissue, older age of animals was associated with increasing inflammation and the development of fibrosis in 24- and 30-months old mice. Numbers of inflammatory foci and neutrophils in livers of 24- and 30-months old mice were significantly higher compared to 2-months old mice. These alterations were also associated with higher endotoxin levels in plasma as well as an increased mRNA expression of Lbp and Tlr1, Tlr2, Tlr4, Tlr6 and Tlr9 in livers in older mice. CONCLUSION Despite no consistent and robust changes of microbiota composition in small and/or large intestine of mice of different age were observed, our data suggest that alterations of markers of intestinal barrier function in small intestine are associated with an induction of several Tlrs and beginning hepatic inflammation in older mice and increase with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Kehm
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Annika Höhn
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Frahm
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto Wilhelm Witte
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Zhang Q, Xiao X, Zheng J, Li M, Yu M, Ping F, Wang T, Wang X. Maternal sitagliptin treatment attenuates offspring glucose metabolism and intestinal proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α expression in male rats. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10310. [PMID: 33240638 PMCID: PMC7666563 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that maternal overnutrition may increase the risk of diabetes in offspring. We hypothesized that maternal sitagliptin intervention may improve glucose intolerance through gut targeting. Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks before mating. ND pregnant rats were divided into two subgroups: ND group (ND alone) and the ND-sitagliptin group (ND combined with 10 mg/kg/day sitagliptin treatment). HFD pregnant rats were randomized to one of two groups: HFD group (HFD alone) and the HFD-sitagliptin group (HFD combined with 10 mg/kg/day sitagliptin treatment) during pregnancy and lactation. Glucose metabolism was assessed in offspring at weaning. Intestinal gene expression levels were investigated. Maternal sitagliptin intervention moderated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in male pups. Moreover, maternal sitagliptin treatment inhibited offspring disordered intestinal expression of proinflammatory markers, including interleukin-6 (Il6), ll1b, and tumor necrosis factor (Tnf), at weaning and reduced intestinal IL-6, TNF-α expression by immunohistochemical staining and serum IL-6, TNF-α levels. However, maternal sitagliptin intervention did not affect offspring serum anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level. Our results are the first to show that maternal sitagliptin intervention moderated glucose metabolism in male offspring. It may be involved with moderating intestinal IL-6 and TNF-α expression in male rat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Ping
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Gellan Gum Promotes the Differentiation of Enterocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100951. [PMID: 33050367 PMCID: PMC7599917 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of drug pharmacokinetics in the small intestine is critical for developing orally administered drugs. Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells are employed to evaluate drug absorption in preclinical trials of drug development. However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Caco-2 cells are different from those of the normal human small intestine. Besides this, it is almost impossible to obtain primary human intestinal epithelial cells of the same batch. Therefore, human iPS cell-derived enterocytes (hiPSEs) with pharmacokinetic functions similar to human intestinal epithelial cells are expected to be useful for the evaluation of drug absorption. Previous studies have been limited to the use of cytokines and small molecules to generate hiPSEs. Dietary fibers play a critical role in maintaining intestinal physiology. We used gellan gum (GG), a soluble dietary fiber, to optimize hiPSE differentiation. hiPSEs cocultured with GG had significantly higher expression of small intestine- and pharmacokinetics-related genes and proteins. The activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 2C19, and peptide transporter 1 were significantly increased in the GG treatment group compared to the control group. At the end point of differentiation, the percentage of senescent cells increased. Therefore, GG could improve the differentiation efficiency of human iPS cells to enterocytes and increase intestinal maturation by extending the life span of hiPSEs.
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16
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The role of stem cell niche in intestinal aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 191:111330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Funk MC, Zhou J, Boutros M. Ageing, metabolism and the intestine. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50047. [PMID: 32567155 PMCID: PMC7332987 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium serves as a dynamic barrier to the environment and integrates a variety of signals, including those from metabolites, commensal microbiota, immune responses and stressors upon ageing. The intestine is constantly challenged and requires a high renewal rate to replace damaged cells in order to maintain its barrier function. Essential for its renewal capacity are intestinal stem cells, which constantly give rise to progenitor cells that differentiate into the multiple cell types present in the epithelium. Here, we review the current state of research of how metabolism and ageing control intestinal stem cell function and epithelial homeostasis. We focus on recent insights gained from model organisms that indicate how changes in metabolic signalling during ageing are a major driver for the loss of stem cell plasticity and epithelial homeostasis, ultimately affecting the resilience of an organism and limiting its lifespan. We compare findings made in mouse and Drosophila and discuss differences and commonalities in the underlying signalling pathways and mechanisms in the context of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja C Funk
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jun Zhou
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Mora-Ortiz M, Ibraheim H, Hermangild Kottoor S, Bowyer RCE, Metrustry S, Sanderson J, Powell N, D. Spector T, S. Small K, Steves CJ. Introducing ExHiBITT – Exploring Host microBIome inTeractions in Twins –, a colon multiomic cohort study. Wellcome Open Res 2020. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15632.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The colon is populated by approximately 1012 microorganisms, but the relationships between this microbiome and the host health status are still not completely understood. Here, our objective is to present the cohort characteristics of ExHiBITT – Exploring Host microBIome inTeractions in Twins – including i) biomedical phenotypes, ii) environmental factors and ii) colonoscopic findings. Methods: Participants from the TwinsUK cohort were recruited to study the interactions between the microbiome and host adaptive immunity. In total, 205 monozygotic twins were recruited from the wider TwinsUK cohort. They completed health questionnaires, and provided saliva, blood, colon biopsies from three different locations, caecal fluid, and two faecal samples. Results: A significant proportion of this apparently normal cohort had colonic polyps (28%), which are of interest as potential precursors of colorectal cancer, and, as expected, the number of polyps found was significantly correlated with BMI and age. Hitherto undiagnosed diverticulosis was also not infrequently found during colonoscopy (26%) and was associated with changes in Hybrid Th1-17 cells in the colon. Twin proband co-occurrence rate for diverticulosis (82%) was much higher than for polyps (42%). Familial factors affecting morphology or tolerance may contribute to the ease of endoscopy, as both the time to reach the caecum and pain perceived were highly concordant (proband concordance: 85% and 56%, respectively). Conclusions: We found the expected positive relationship between BMI and colonoscopic anomalies such as diverticular disease and polyps in the whole population, but within twin pairs this association was reversed. This suggests that familial factors confound these associations. Host and microbial next generation sequencing and metabolomics of the samples collected are planned in this cohort.
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19
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Lewis SK, Nachun D, Martin MG, Horvath S, Coppola G, Jones DL. DNA Methylation Analysis Validates Organoids as a Viable Model for Studying Human Intestinal Aging. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:527-541. [PMID: 31805439 PMCID: PMC7044532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The epithelia of the intestine and colon turn over rapidly and are maintained by adult stem cells at the base of crypts. Although the small intestine and colon have distinct, well-characterized physiological functions, it remains unclear if there are fundamental regional differences in stem cell behavior or region-dependent degenerative changes during aging. Mesenchyme-free organoids provide useful tools for investigating intestinal stem cell biology in vitro and have started to be used for investigating age-related changes in stem cell function. However, it is unknown whether organoids maintain hallmarks of age in the absence of an aging niche. We tested whether stem cell-enriched organoids preserved the DNA methylation-based aging profiles associated with the tissues and crypts from which they were derived. METHODS To address this, we used standard human methylation arrays and the human epigenetic clock as a biomarker of age to analyze in vitro-derived, 3-dimensional, stem cell-enriched intestinal organoids. RESULTS We found that human stem cell-enriched organoids maintained segmental differences in methylation patterns and that age, as measured by the epigenetic clock, also was maintained in vitro. Surprisingly, we found that stem cell-enriched organoids derived from the small intestine showed striking epigenetic age reduction relative to organoids derived from colon. CONCLUSIONS Our data validate the use of organoids as a model for studying human intestinal aging and introduce methods that can be used when modeling aging or age-onset diseases in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia K. Lewis
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel Nachun
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Martin G. Martin
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, Gonda Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - D. Leanne Jones
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: D. Leanne Jones, PhD, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Terasaki Life Sciences Building Room 5139, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095.
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20
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Usui Y, Kimura Y, Satoh T, Takemura N, Ouchi Y, Ohmiya H, Kobayashi K, Suzuki H, Koyama S, Hagiwara S, Tanaka H, Imoto S, Eberl G, Asami Y, Fujimoto K, Uematsu S. Effects of long-term intake of a yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 and Streptococcus thermophilus 1131 on mice. Int Immunol 2019; 30:319-331. [PMID: 29767727 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut is an extremely complicated ecosystem where micro-organisms, nutrients and host cells interact vigorously. Although the function of the intestine and its barrier system weakens with age, some probiotics can potentially prevent age-related intestinal dysfunction. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 and Streptococcus thermophilus 1131, which are the constituents of LB81 yogurt, are representative probiotics. However, it is unclear whether their long-term intake has a beneficial influence on systemic function. Here, we examined the gut microbiome, fecal metabolites and gene expression profiles of various organs in mice. Although age-related alterations were apparent in them, long-term LB81 yogurt intake led to an increased Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio and elevated abundance of the bacterial family S24-7 (Bacteroidetes), which is known to be associated with butyrate and propanoate production. According to our fecal metabolite analysis to detect enrichment, long-term LB81 yogurt intake altered the intestinal metabolic pathways associated with propanoate and butanoate in the mice. Gene ontology analysis also revealed that long-term LB81 yogurt intake influenced many physiological functions related to the defense response. The profiles of various genes associated with antimicrobial peptides-, tight junctions-, adherens junctions- and mucus-associated intestinal barrier functions were also drastically altered in the LB81 yogurt-fed mice. Thus, long-term intake of LB81 yogurt has the potential to maintain systemic homeostasis, such as the gut barrier function, by controlling the intestinal microbiome and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Usui
- Division of Systems Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kimura
- Division of Systems Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Satoh
- Division of Systems Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Takemura
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ouchi
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ohmiya
- Division of Systems Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Kobayashi
- Food Science Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd, Naruda, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Food Science Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd, Naruda, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satomi Koyama
- Food Science Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd, Naruda, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoko Hagiwara
- Food Science Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd, Naruda, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Tanaka
- Division of Rheumatology, Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Division of Health Medical Data Science, Health Intelligence Center, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gérard Eberl
- Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Yukio Asami
- Food Science Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd, Naruda, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujimoto
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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van der Lugt B, Rusli F, Lute C, Lamprakis A, Salazar E, Boekschoten MV, Hooiveld GJ, Müller M, Vervoort J, Kersten S, Belzer C, Kok DEG, Steegenga WT. Integrative analysis of gut microbiota composition, host colonic gene expression and intraluminal metabolites in aging C57BL/6J mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:930-950. [PMID: 29769431 PMCID: PMC5990381 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aging process is associated with diminished colonic health. In this study, we applied an integrative approach to reveal potential interactions between determinants of colonic health in aging C57BL/6J mice. Analysis of gut microbiota composition revealed an enrichment of various potential pathobionts, including Desulfovibrio spp., and a decline of the health-promoting Akkermansia spp. and Lactobacillus spp. during aging. Intraluminal concentrations of various metabolites varied between ages and we found evidence for an increased gut permeability at higher age. Colonic gene expression analysis suggested that during the early phase of aging (between 6 and 12 months), expression of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and (re)organization of the extracellular matrix were increased. Differential expression of these genes was strongly correlated with Bifidobacterium spp. During the later phase of aging (between 12 and 28 months), gene expression profiles pointed towards a diminished antimicrobial defense and were correlated with an uncultured Gastranaerophilales spp. This study demonstrates that aging is associated with pronounced changes in gut microbiota composition and colonic gene expression. Furthermore, the strong correlations between specific bacterial genera and host gene expression may imply that orchestrated interactions take place in the vicinity of the colonic wall and potentially mediate colonic health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benthe van der Lugt
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fenni Rusli
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Lute
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Lamprakis
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ethel Salazar
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J Hooiveld
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Müller
- Nutrigenomics and Systems Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dieuwertje E G Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma T Steegenga
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Oh HYP, Visvalingam V, Wahli W. The PPAR-microbiota-metabolic organ trilogy to fine-tune physiology. FASEB J 2019; 33:9706-9730. [PMID: 31237779 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802681rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human gut is colonized by commensal microorganisms, predominately bacteria that have coevolved in symbiosis with their host. The gut microbiota has been extensively studied in recent years, and many important findings on how it can regulate host metabolism have been unraveled. In healthy individuals, feeding timing and type of food can influence not only the composition but also the circadian oscillation of the gut microbiota. Host feeding habits thus influence the type of microbe-derived metabolites produced and their concentrations throughout the day. These microbe-derived metabolites influence many aspects of host physiology, including energy metabolism and circadian rhythm. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate various metabolic processes such as fatty acid metabolism. Similar to the gut microbiota, PPAR expression in various organs oscillates diurnally, and studies have shown that the gut microbiota can influence PPAR activities in various metabolic organs. For example, short-chain fatty acids, the most abundant type of metabolites produced by anaerobic fermentation of dietary fibers by the gut microbiota, are PPAR agonists. In this review, we highlight how the gut microbiota can regulate PPARs in key metabolic organs, namely, in the intestines, liver, and muscle. Knowing that the gut microbiota impacts metabolism and is altered in individuals with metabolic diseases might allow treatment of these patients using noninvasive procedures such as gut microbiota manipulation.-Oh, H. Y. P., Visvalingam, V., Wahli, W. The PPAR-microbiota-metabolic organ trilogy to fine-tune physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yun Penny Oh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Institute for Health Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Vivegan Visvalingam
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1331, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-ToxAlim, Toulouse, France.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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González-González M, Díaz-Zepeda C, Eyzaguirre-Velásquez J, González-Arancibia C, Bravo JA, Julio-Pieper M. Investigating Gut Permeability in Animal Models of Disease. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1962. [PMID: 30697168 PMCID: PMC6341294 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of investigations report the association between gut permeability and intestinal or extra-intestinal disorders under the basis that translocation of gut luminal contents could affect tissue function, either directly or indirectly. Still, in many cases it is unknown whether disruption of the gut barrier is a causative agent or a consequence of these conditions. Adequate experimental models are therefore required to further understand the pathophysiology of health disorders associated to gut barrier disruption and to develop and test pharmacological treatments. Here, we review the current animal models that display enhanced intestinal permeability, and discuss (1) their suitability to address mechanistic questions, such as the association between gut barrier alterations and disease and (2) their validity to test potential treatments for pathologies that are characterized by enhanced intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela González-González
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Camilo Díaz-Zepeda
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Johana Eyzaguirre-Velásquez
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Camila González-Arancibia
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Javier A Bravo
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marcela Julio-Pieper
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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24
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Lian T, Wu Q, Hodge BA, Wilson KA, Yu G, Yang M. Drosophila Gut-A Nexus Between Dietary Restriction and Lifespan. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123810. [PMID: 30501099 PMCID: PMC6320777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is often defined as the accumulation of damage at the molecular and cellular levels which, over time, results in marked physiological impairments throughout the organism. Dietary restriction (DR) has been recognized as one of the strongest lifespan extending therapies observed in a wide array of organisms. Recent studies aimed at elucidating how DR promotes healthy aging have demonstrated a vital role of the digestive tract in mediating the beneficial effects of DR. Here, we review how dietary restriction influences gut metabolic homeostasis and immune function. Our discussion is focused on studies of the Drosophila digestive tract, where we describe in detail the potential mechanisms in which DR enhances maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier, up-regulates lipid metabolic processes, and improves the ability of the gut to deal with damage or stress. We also examine evidence of a tissue-tissue crosstalk between gut and neighboring organs including brain and fat body. Taken together, we argue that the Drosophila gut plays a critical role in DR-mediated lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lian
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Qi Wu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Brian A Hodge
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94947, USA.
| | - Kenneth A Wilson
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94947, USA.
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Guixiang Yu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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25
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Kozyraki R, Cases O. Cubilin, the Intrinsic Factor-Vitamin B12 Receptor in Development and Disease. Curr Med Chem 2018; 27:3123-3150. [PMID: 30295181 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181008143945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gp280/Intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor/Cubilin (CUBN) is a large endocytic receptor serving multiple functions in vitamin B12 homeostasis, renal reabsorption of protein or toxic substances including albumin, vitamin D-binding protein or cadmium. Cubilin is a peripheral membrane protein consisting of 8 Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like repeats and 27 CUB (defined as Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, BMP1) domains. This structurally unique protein interacts with at least two molecular partners, Amnionless (AMN) and Lrp2/Megalin. AMN is involved in appropriate plasma membrane transport of Cubilin whereas Lrp2 is essential for efficient internalization of Cubilin and its ligands. Observations gleaned from animal models with Cubn deficiency or human diseases demonstrate the importance of this protein. In this review addressed to basic research and medical scientists, we summarize currently available data on Cubilin and its implication in renal and intestinal biology. We also discuss the role of Cubilin as a modulator of Fgf8 signaling during embryonic development and propose that the Cubilin-Fgf8 interaction may be relevant in human pathology, including in cancer progression, heart or neural tube defects. We finally provide experimental elements suggesting that some aspects of Cubilin physiology might be relevant in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kozyraki
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cases
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
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26
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Mari RDB, Stabille SR, de Faria HG, Pereira JNB, Guimarães JP, Marinsek GP, de Souza RR. Balanced Caloric Restriction Minimizes Changes Caused by Aging on the Colonic Myenteric Plexus. J Diet Suppl 2018; 15:285-299. [PMID: 28759281 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1341446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Aging can promote significant morphofunctional changes in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Regulation of GIT motility is mainly controlled by the myenteric neurons of the enteric nervous system. Actions that aim at decreasing the aging effects in the GIT include those related to diet, with caloric restriction (CR). The CR is achieved by controlling the amount of food or by manipulating the components of the diet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate different levels of CR on the plasticity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate- (NADPH-) reactive myenteric neurons in the colon of Wistar rats during the aging process using ultrastructural (transmission electron microscopy) and morphoquantitative analysis. Wistar male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were distributed into 4 groups (n = 10/group): C, 6-month-old animals; SR, 18-month-old animals fed a normal diet; CRI, 18-month-old animals fed a 12% CR diet; CRII, 18-month-old animals fed a 31% CR diet. At 6 months of age, animals were transferred to the laboratory animal facility, where they remained until 18 months of age. Animals of the CRI and CRII groups were submitted to CR for 6 months. In the ultrastructural analysis, a disorganization of the periganglionar matrix with the aging was observed, and this characteristic was not observed in the animals that received hypocaloric diet. It was observed that the restriction of 12.5% and 31% of calories in the diet minimized the increase in density and cell profile of the reactive NADPH neurons, increased with age. This type of diet may be adapted against gastrointestinal disturbances that commonly affect aging individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Britto Mari
- a São Paulo State University (Unesp) , Institute of Biosciences , São Vicente , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Sandra Regina Stabille
- b Department of Morphological Sciences , Maringá State University , Maringá , Paraná , Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Plácido Guimarães
- e Laboratory of Marine and Coastal Organisms , Santa Cecilia University , Santos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Romeu Rodrigues de Souza
- f Department of Physical Education , São Judas Tadeu University , São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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27
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Kok DEG, Rusli F, van der Lugt B, Lute C, Laghi L, Salvioli S, Picone G, Franceschi C, Smidt H, Vervoort J, Kampman E, Müller M, Steegenga WT. Lifelong calorie restriction affects indicators of colonic health in aging C57Bl/6J mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 56:152-164. [PMID: 29571009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diminished colonic health is associated with various age-related pathologies. Calorie restriction (CR) is an effective strategy to increase healthy lifespan, although underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Here, we report the effects of lifelong CR on indicators of colonic health in aging C57Bl/6J mice. Compared to an ad libitum control and moderate-fat diet, 30% energy reduction was associated with attenuated immune- and inflammation-related gene expression in the colon. Furthermore, expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was higher upon CR, which may point towards efficient regulation of energy metabolism. The relative abundance of bacteria considered beneficial to colonic health, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, increased in the mice exposed to CR for 28 months as compared to the other diet groups. We found lower plasma levels of interleukin-6 and lower levels of various metabolites, among which are bile acids, in the colonic luminal content of CR-exposed mice as compared to the other diet groups. Switching from CR to an ad libitum moderate-fat diet at old age (24 months) revealed remarkable phenotypic plasticity in terms of gene expression, microbiota composition and metabolite levels, although expression of a subset of genes remained CR-associated. This study demonstrated in a comprehensive way that CR affects indicators of colonic health in aging mice. Our findings provide unique leads for further studies that need to address optimal and feasible strategies for prolonged energy deprivation, which may contribute to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwertje E G Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Fenni Rusli
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Benthe van der Lugt
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Carolien Lute
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Luca Laghi
- Centre of Foodomics, Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, 47521, Cesena, (FC), Italy.
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Picone
- Centre of Foodomics, Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, 47521, Cesena, (FC), Italy.
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Michael Müller
- Nutrigenomics and Systems Nutrition Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, NR4 7UQ, Norwich, UK.
| | - Wilma T Steegenga
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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28
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Swindell WR, Xing X, Fritz Y, Diaconu D, Simon DI, Ward NL, Gudjonsson JE. Deficiency of myeloid-related proteins 8 and 14 (Mrp8/Mrp14) does not block inflammaging but prevents steatosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:35535-35551. [PMID: 27224926 PMCID: PMC5094943 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mrp8 and Mrp14 proteins (calprotectin) accumulate within tissues during aging and may contribute to chronic inflammation. To address this possibility, we evaluated female calprotectin-deficient Mrp14-KO and wild-type (WT) mice at 5 and 24 months of age. However, there was no evidence that age-related inflammation is blunted in KO mice. Inflammation markers were in fact elevated in livers from old KO mice, and microarray analysis revealed more consistent elevation of genes specifically expressed by B-cells and T-cells. Adipose-specific genes, however, were less consistently elevated in aged KO mice, suggesting an anti-steatosis effect of Mrp8/14 deficiency. Consistent with this, genes decreased by the anti-steatosis agent SRT1720 were decreased in old KO compared to old WT mice. Expression of lipid metabolism genes was altered in KO mice at 5 months of age, along with genes associated with development, biosynthesis and immunity. These early-age effects of Mrp8/14 deficiency, in the absence of any external stressor, were unexpected. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a pro-steatosis rather than pro-inflammatory role of calprotectin within the aging liver. This appears to reflect a developmental-metabolic phenotype of Mrp14-KO mice that is manifest at a young age in the absence of pro-inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Swindell
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xianying Xing
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi Fritz
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Doina Diaconu
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel I Simon
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicole L Ward
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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29
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Identification of the principal transcriptional regulators for low-fat and high-fat meal responsive genes in small intestine. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:66. [PMID: 29075307 PMCID: PMC5654052 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-fat (HF) diet is a well-known cause of obesity. To identify principle transcriptional regulators that could be therapeutic targets of obesity, we investigated transcriptomic modulation in the duodenal mucosa following low-fat (LF) and HF meal ingestion. METHODS Whereas one group of mice was sacrificed after fasting, the others were fed ad libitum with LF or HF meal, and sacrificed 30 min, 1 h and 3 h after the beginning of the meal. A transcriptome analysis of the duodenal mucosa of the 7 groups was conducted using both microarray and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) method followed by an Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA). RESULTS SAGE and microarray showed that the modulation of a total of 896 transcripts in the duodenal mucosa after LF and/or HF meal, compared to the fasting condition. The IPA identified lipid metabolism, molecular transport, and small molecule biochemistry as top three molecular and cellular functions for the HF-responsive, HF-specific, HF-delay, and LF-HF different genes. Moreover, the top transcriptional regulator for the HF-responsive and HF-specific genes was peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). On the other hand, the LF-responsive and LF-specific genes were related to carbohydrate metabolism, cellular function and maintenance, and cell death/cellular growth and proliferation, and the top transcriptional regulators were forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and cAMP response element binding protein 1 (CREB1), respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results will help to understand the molecular mechanisms of intestinal response after LF and HF ingestions, and contribute to identify therapeutic targets for obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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30
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Nätt D, Barchiesi R, Murad J, Feng J, Nestler EJ, Champagne FA, Thorsell A. Perinatal Malnutrition Leads to Sexually Dimorphic Behavioral Responses with Associated Epigenetic Changes in the Mouse Brain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11082. [PMID: 28894112 PMCID: PMC5593991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood malnutrition is a risk factor for mental disorders, such as major depression and anxiety. Evidence shows that similar early life adversities induce sex-dependent epigenetic reprogramming. However, little is known about how genes are specifically affected by early malnutrition and the implications for males and females respectively. One relevant target is neuropeptide Y (NPY), which regulates both stress and food-intake. We studied maternal low protein diet (LPD) during pregnancy/lactation in mice. Male, but not female, offspring of LPD mothers consistently displayed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors under acute stress. Transcriptome-wide analysis of the effects of acute stress in the amygdala, revealed a list of transcription factors affected by either sex or perinatal LPD. Among these immediate early genes (IEG), members of the Early growth response family (Egr1/2/4) were consistently upregulated by perinatal LPD in both sexes. EGR1 also bound the NPY receptor Y1 gene (Npy1r), which co-occurred with sex-specific effects of perinatal LPD on both Npy1r DNA-methylation and gene transcription. Our proposed pathway connecting early malnutrition, sex-independent regulatory changes in Egr1, and sex-specific epigenetic reprogramming of its effector gene, Npy1r, represents the first molecular evidence of how early life risk factors may generate sex-specific epigenetic effects relevant for mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nätt
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Riccardo Barchiesi
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Josef Murad
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Annika Thorsell
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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31
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Patel BA, Fidalgo S, Wang C, Parmar L, Mandona K, Panossian A, Flint MS, Ranson RN, Saffrey MJ, Yeoman MS. The TNF-α antagonist etanercept reverses age-related decreases in colonic SERT expression and faecal output in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42754. [PMID: 28198447 DOI: 10.1038/srep42754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for chronic constipation in older people is challenging and the condition has a major impact on quality of life. A lack of understanding about the causes of this condition has hampered the development of effective treatments. 5-HT is an important pro-kinetic agent in the colon. We examined whether alterations in colonic 5-HT signalling underlie age-related changes in faecal output in mice and whether these changes were due to an increase in TNF-α. Components of the 5-HT signalling system (5-HT, 5-HIAA, SERT) and TNF-α expression were examined in the distal colon of 3, 12, 18 and 24-month old mice and faecal output and water content monitored under control conditions and following the administration of etanercept (TNF-α inhibitor; 1 mg Kg-1). Faecal output and water content were reduced in aged animals. Age increased mucosal 5-HT availability and TNF-α expression and decreased mucosal SERT expression and 5-HIAA. Etanercept treatment of old mice reversed these changes, suggesting that age-related changes in TNFα expression are an important regulator of mucosal 5-HT signalling and pellet output and water content in old mice. These data point to "anti-TNFα" drugs as potential treatments for age-related chronic constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavik Anil Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Sara Fidalgo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Leena Parmar
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Kasonde Mandona
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Annabelle Panossian
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Melanie S Flint
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Richard N Ranson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - M Jill Saffrey
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Mark S Yeoman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
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Steegenga WT, Mischke M, Lute C, Boekschoten MV, Lendvai A, Pruis MGM, Verkade HJ, van de Heijning BJM, Boekhorst J, Timmerman HM, Plösch T, Müller M, Hooiveld GJEJ. Maternal exposure to a Western-style diet causes differences in intestinal microbiota composition and gene expression of suckling mouse pups. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27129739 PMCID: PMC5215441 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scope The long‐lasting consequences of nutritional programming during the early phase of life have become increasingly evident. The effects of maternal nutrition on the developing intestine are still underexplored. Methods and results In this study, we observed (1) altered microbiota composition of the colonic luminal content, and (2) differential gene expression in the intestinal wall in 2‐week‐old mouse pups born from dams exposed to a Western‐style (WS) diet during the perinatal period. A sexually dimorphic effect was found for the differentially expressed genes in the offspring of WS diet‐exposed dams but no differences between male and female pups were found for the microbiota composition. Integrative analysis of the microbiota and gene expression data revealed that the maternal WS diet independently affected gene expression and microbiota composition. However, the abundance of bacterial families not affected by the WS diet (Bacteroidaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and Lachnospiraceae) correlated with the expression of genes playing a key role in intestinal development and functioning (e.g. Pitx2 and Ace2). Conclusion Our data reveal that maternal consumption of a WS diet during the perinatal period alters both gene expression and microbiota composition in the intestinal tract of 2‐week‐old offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma T Steegenga
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mona Mischke
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Lute
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Lendvai
- Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maurien G M Pruis
- Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Müller
- Nutrigenomics and Systems Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Chattopadhyay A, Navab M, Hough G, Grijalva V, Mukherjee P, Fogelman HR, Hwang LH, Faull KF, Lusis AJ, Reddy ST, Fogelman AM. Tg6F ameliorates the increase in oxidized phospholipids in the jejunum of mice fed unsaturated LysoPC or WD. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:832-47. [PMID: 26965826 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m064352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse chow supplemented with lysophosphatidylcholine with oleic acid at sn-1 and a hydroxyl group at sn-2 (LysoPC 18:1) increased LysoPC 18:1 in tissue of the jejunum of LDL receptor (LDLR)-null mice by 8.9 ± 1.7-fold compared with chow alone. Western diet (WD) contained dramatically less phosphatidylcholine 18:1 or LysoPC 18:1 compared with chow, but feeding WD increased LysoPC 18:1 in the jejunum by 7.5 ± 1.4-fold compared with chow. Feeding LysoPC 18:1 or feeding WD increased oxidized phospholipids in the jejunum by 5.2 ± 3.0-fold or 8.6 ± 2.2-fold, respectively, in LDLR-null mice (P < 0.0004), and 2.6 ± 1.5-fold or 2.4 ± 0.92-fold, respectively, in WT C57BL/6J mice (P < 0.0001). Adding 0.06% by weight of a concentrate of transgenic tomatoes expressing the 6F peptide (Tg6F) decreased LysoPC 18:1 in the jejunum of LDLR-null mice on both diets (P < 0.0001), and prevented the increase in oxidized phospholipids in the jejunum in LDLR-null and WT mice on both diets (P < 0.008). Tg6F decreased inflammatory cells in the villi of the jejunum, decreased dyslipidemia, and decreased systemic inflammation in LDLR-null and WT mice on both diets. We conclude that Tg6F reduces diet-induced inflammation by reducing the content of unsaturated LysoPC and oxidized phospholipids in the jejunum of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Chattopadhyay
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Mohamad Navab
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Greg Hough
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Victor Grijalva
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Pallavi Mukherjee
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Hannah R Fogelman
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Lin H Hwang
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Kym F Faull
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736 Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736 Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736 Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736 Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Alan M Fogelman
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
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Morphometric and biomechanical remodeling of the small intestine during aging in rats. J Biomech 2015; 48:4271-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Huang CZ, Yu T, Chen QK. DNA Methylation Dynamics During Differentiation, Proliferation, and Tumorigenesis in the Intestinal Tract. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2733-9. [PMID: 26413818 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, an epigenetic control mechanism in mammals, is widely present in the intestinal tract during the differentiation and proliferation of epithelial cells. Cells in stem cell pools or villi have different patterns of DNA methylation. The process of DNA methylation is dynamic and occurs at many relevant regulatory elements during the rapid transition of stem cells into fully mature, differentiated epithelial cells. Changes in DNA methylation patterns most often take place in enhancer and promoter regions and are associated with transcription factor binding. During differentiation, enhancer regions associated with genes important to enterocyte differentiation are demethylated, activating gene expression. Abnormal patterns of DNA methylation during differentiation and proliferation in the intestinal tract can lead to the formation of aberrant crypt foci and destroy the barrier and absorptive functions of the intestinal epithelium. Accumulation of these epigenetic changes may even result in tumorigenesis. In the current review, we discuss recent findings on the association between DNA methylation and cell differentiation and proliferation in the small intestine and highlight the possible links between dysregulation of this process and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can-Ze Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Kui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Several studies show evidence for the genetic basis of renal disease, which renders some individuals more prone than others to accelerated renal aging. Studying the genetics of renal aging can help us to identify genes involved in this process and to unravel the underlying pathways. First, this opinion article will give an overview of the phenotypes that can be observed in age-related kidney disease. Accurate phenotyping is essential in performing genetic analysis. For kidney aging, this could include both functional and structural changes. Subsequently, this article reviews the studies that report on candidate genes associated with renal aging in humans and mice. Several loci or candidate genes have been found associated with kidney disease, but identification of the specific genetic variants involved has proven to be difficult. CUBN, UMOD, and SHROOM3 were identified by human GWAS as being associated with albuminuria, kidney function, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). These are promising examples of genes that could be involved in renal aging, and were further mechanistically evaluated in animal models. Eventually, we will provide approaches for performing genetic analysis. We should leverage the power of mouse models, as testing in humans is limited. Mouse and other animal models can be used to explain the underlying biological mechanisms of genes and loci identified by human GWAS. Furthermore, mouse models can be used to identify genetic variants associated with age-associated histological changes, of which Far2, Wisp2, and Esrrg are examples. A new outbred mouse population with high genetic diversity will facilitate the identification of genes associated with renal aging by enabling high-resolution genetic mapping while also allowing the control of environmental factors, and by enabling access to renal tissues at specific time points for histology, proteomics, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda A. Noordmans
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Jan‐Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Harry Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
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Yu S, Hwang HE, Yun N, Goldenring JR, Nam KT. The mRNA and Protein Levels of Tubulin and β-Actin Are Greatly Reduced in the Proximal Duodenum of Mice Relative to the Rest of the Small Intestines. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2670-6. [PMID: 25976623 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
To accurately quantify mRNA and protein levels, it is critical to choose appropriate internal standards. As the expression of housekeeping genes is assumed to remain constant, they are often employed to normalize signals to correct for sample-to-sample variations. However, recent studies have documented that β-actin and Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) expression levels change in response to various stimuli during proliferation, activation, and differentiation. We investigated levels of α-, β-, γ-tubulin, β-actin, and GAPDH vary across the gastrointestinal tract of mice. We found that different regions of the small intestines had dramatically different expression profiles, as measured by western blot, quantitative Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemical staining. These results revealed that the expression levels of tubulins and β-actin were dramatically lower in the proximal duodenum, relative to the rest of the small intestines. These varying levels of housekeeping genes may reflect differences in the activities of specialized tissues and suggest unique requirements for tubulins in these tissue types. We conclude that the use of a single housekeeping gene to normalize gene expression in the gastrointestinal tracts of mice may introduce errors, as measured differences in gene expression may reflect regulation of the internal control rather than the mRNA or protein under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsook Yu
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
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de Oliveira Belém M, Cirilo CP, de Santi-Rampazzo AP, Schoffen JPF, Comar JF, Natali MRM, de Almeida Araújo EJ. Intestinal morphology adjustments caused by dietary restriction improves the nutritional status during the aging process of rats. Exp Gerontol 2015; 69:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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miRNA-regulated gene expression differs in celiac disease patients according to the age of presentation. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:482. [PMID: 26233308 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease is an intestinal disease which shows different symptoms and clinical manifestations among pediatric and adult patients. These variations could be imputable to age-related changes in gut architecture and intestinal immune system, which could be characterized by gene expression differences possibly regulated by miRNAs. We analyzed a panel of miRNAs and their target genes in duodenal biopsies of Marsh 3AB and 3C pediatric celiac patients, compared to controls. Moreover, to assess variation of expression in plasma samples, we evaluated circulating miRNA levels in controls and patients at diagnosis or on gluten-free diet. We detected a decreased miR-192-5p expression in celiac patients, but no variations in NOD2 and CXCL2, targets previously identified in adults. Conversely, we detected a significant increase in mRNA and protein levels of another target, MAD2L1, protein related to cell cycle control. miR-31-5p and miR-338-3p were down-regulated and their respective targets, FOXP3 and RUNX1, involved in Treg function, resulted up-regulated in celiac patients. Finally, we detected, in celiac patients, an increased expression of miR-21-5p, possibly caused by a regulatory loop with its putative target STAT3, which showed an increased activation in Marsh 3C patients. The analysis of plasma revealed a trend similar to that observed in biopsies, but in presence of gluten-free diet we could not detect circulating miRNAs values comparable to controls. miRNAs and their gene targets showed an altered expression in duodenal mucosa and plasma of celiac disease pediatric patients, and these alterations could be different from adult ones.
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Rémond D, Shahar DR, Gille D, Pinto P, Kachal J, Peyron MA, Dos Santos CN, Walther B, Bordoni A, Dupont D, Tomás-Cobos L, Vergères G. Understanding the gastrointestinal tract of the elderly to develop dietary solutions that prevent malnutrition. Oncotarget 2015; 6:13858-98. [PMID: 26091351 PMCID: PMC4546438 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the prevalence of malnutrition in the old age is increasing worldwide a synthetic understanding of the impact of aging on the intake, digestion, and absorption of nutrients is still lacking. This review article aims at filling the gap in knowledge between the functional decline of the aging gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the consequences of malnutrition on the health status of elderly. Changes in the aging GIT include the mechanical disintegration of food, gastrointestinal motor function, food transit, chemical food digestion, and functionality of the intestinal wall. These alterations progressively decrease the ability of the GIT to provide the aging organism with adequate levels of nutrients, what contributes to the development of malnutrition. Malnutrition, in turn, increases the risks for the development of a range of pathologies associated with most organ systems, in particular the nervous-, muscoskeletal-, cardiovascular-, immune-, and skin systems. In addition to psychological, economics, and societal factors, dietary solutions preventing malnutrition should thus propose dietary guidelines and food products that integrate knowledge on the functionality of the aging GIT and the nutritional status of the elderly. Achieving this goal will request the identification, validation, and correlative analysis of biomarkers of food intake, nutrient bioavailability, and malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Rémond
- UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, INRA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Danit R. Shahar
- Department of Public Health, The S. Daniel Abraham International Center for Health and Nutrition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Doreen Gille
- Institute for Food Sciences IFS, Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Paula Pinto
- Escola Superior Agrária, Insituto Politécnico de Santarém, 2001-904 Santarem, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Marie-Agnès Peyron
- UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, INRA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claudia Nunes Dos Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Barbara Walther
- Institute for Food Sciences IFS, Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Didier Dupont
- UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait & de l'Œuf, INRA, 35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Guy Vergères
- Institute for Food Sciences IFS, Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
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Rusli F, Boekschoten MV, Zubia AA, Lute C, Müller M, Steegenga WT. A weekly alternating diet between caloric restriction and medium fat protects the liver from fatty liver development in middle-aged C57BL/6J mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:533-43. [PMID: 25504628 PMCID: PMC4681412 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Scope We investigated whether a novel dietary intervention consisting of an every-other-week calorie-restricted diet could prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development induced by a medium-fat (MF) diet. Methods and results Nine-week-old male C57BL/6J mice received either a (i) control (C), (ii) 30E% calorie restricted (CR), (iii) MF (25E% fat), or (iv) intermittent (INT) diet, a diet alternating weekly between 40E% CR and an ad libitum MF diet until sacrifice at the age of 12 months. The metabolic, morphological, and molecular features of NAFLD were examined. The INT diet resulted in healthy metabolic and morphological features as displayed by the continuous CR diet: glucose tolerant, low hepatic triglyceride content, low plasma alanine aminotransferase. In contrast, the C- and MF-exposed mice with high body weight developed signs of NAFLD. However, the gene expression profiles of INT-exposed mice differed to those of CR-exposed mice and showed to be more similar with those of C- and MF-exposed mice with a comparable body weight. Conclusions Our study reveals that the INT diet maintains metabolic health and reverses the adverse effects of the MF diet, thus effectively prevents the development of NAFLD in 12-month-old male C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenni Rusli
- Nutrition, Metabolism & Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Upregulation of colonic luminal polyamines produced by intestinal microbiota delays senescence in mice. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4548. [PMID: 24686447 PMCID: PMC4070089 DOI: 10.1038/srep04548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of quality of life (QOL) deterioration is associated with the inhibition of geriatric diseases and the regulation of brain function. However, no substance is known that prevents the aging of both body and brain. It is known that polyamine concentrations in somatic tissues (including the brain) decrease with increasing age, and polyamine-rich foods enhance longevity in yeast, worms, flies, and mice, and protect flies from age-induced memory impairment. A main source of exogenous polyamines is the intestinal lumen, where they are produced by intestinal bacteria. We found that arginine intake increased the concentration of putrescine in the colon and increased levels of spermidine and spermine in the blood. Mice orally administered with arginine in combination with the probiotic bifidobacteria LKM512 long-term showed suppressed inflammation, improved longevity, and protection from age-induced memory impairment. This study shows that intake of arginine and LKM512 may prevent aging-dependent declines in QOL via the upregulation of polyamines.
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Newman MR, Sykes PJ, Blyth BJ, Bezak E, Lawrence MD, Morel KL, Ormsby RJ. A single whole-body low dose X-irradiation does not affect L1, B1 and IAP repeat element DNA methylation longitudinally. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93016. [PMID: 24676381 PMCID: PMC3968115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The low dose radioadaptive response has been shown to be protective against high doses of radiation as well as aging-induced genomic instability. We hypothesised that a single whole-body exposure of low dose radiation would induce a radioadaptive response thereby reducing or abrogating aging-related changes in repeat element DNA methylation in mice. Following sham or 10 mGy X-irradiation, serial peripheral blood sampling was performed and differences in Long Interspersed Nucleic Element 1 (L1), B1 and Intracisternal-A-Particle (IAP) repeat element methylation between samples were assessed using high resolution melt analysis of PCR amplicons. By 420 days post-irradiation, neither radiation- or aging-related changes in the methylation of peripheral blood, spleen or liver L1, B1 and IAP elements were observed. Analysis of the spleen and liver tissues of cohorts of untreated aging mice showed that the 17-19 month age group exhibited higher repeat element methylation than younger or older mice, with no overall decline in methylation detected with age. This is the first temporal analysis of the effect of low dose radiation on repeat element methylation in mouse peripheral blood and the first to examine the long term effect of this dose on repeat element methylation in a radiosensitive tissue (spleen) and a tissue fundamental to the aging process (liver). Our data indicate that the methylation of murine DNA repeat elements can fluctuate with age, but unlike human studies, do not demonstrate an overall aging-related decline. Furthermore, our results indicate that a low dose of ionising radiation does not induce detectable changes to murine repeat element DNA methylation in the tissues and at the time-points examined in this study. This radiation dose is relevant to human diagnostic radiation exposures and suggests that a dose of 10 mGy X-rays, unlike high dose radiation, does not cause significant short or long term changes to repeat element or global DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R. Newman
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pamela J. Sykes
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Blyth
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- Department of Medical Physics, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark D. Lawrence
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Katherine L. Morel
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca J. Ormsby
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Navab M, Hough G, Buga GM, Su F, Wagner AC, Meriwether D, Chattopadhyay A, Gao F, Grijalva V, Danciger JS, Van Lenten BJ, Org E, Lusis AJ, Pan C, Anantharamaiah GM, Farias-Eisner R, Smyth SS, Reddy ST, Fogelman AM. Transgenic 6F tomatoes act on the small intestine to prevent systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia caused by Western diet and intestinally derived lysophosphatidic acid. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3403-18. [PMID: 24085744 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m042051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that levels of unsaturated lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in the small intestine significantly correlated with the extent of aortic atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-null (LDLR⁻/⁻) mice fed a Western diet (WD). Here we demonstrate that WD increases unsaturated (but not saturated) LPA levels in the small intestine of LDLR⁻/⁻ mice and causes changes in small intestine gene expression. Confirmation of microarray analysis by quantitative RT-PCR showed that adding transgenic tomatoes expressing the apoA-I mimetic peptide 6F (Tg6F) to WD prevented many WD-mediated small intestine changes in gene expression. If instead of feeding WD, unsaturated LPA was added to chow and fed to the mice: i) levels of LPA in the small intestine were similar to those induced by feeding WD; ii) gene expression changes in the small intestine mimicked WD-mediated changes; and iii) changes in plasma serum amyloid A, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol levels, and the fast-performance liquid chromatography lipoprotein profile mimicked WD-mediated changes. Adding Tg6F (but not control tomatoes) to LPA-supplemented chow prevented the LPA-induced changes. We conclude that: i) WD-mediated systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia may be in part due to WD-induced increases in small intestine LPA levels; and ii) Tg6F reduces WD-mediated systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia by preventing WD-induced increases in LPA levels in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Navab
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Hammoud SS, Cairns BR, Jones DA. Epigenetic regulation of colon cancer and intestinal stem cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2013; 25:177-83. [PMID: 23402869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The importance and role of the cellular epigenome in cell fating and development have been studied for decades. The epigenome encompasses a range of attributes including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodelers; together these components define the cellular transcriptome, identity, and function. The cellular epigenome is dynamic in response to environmental signals, modifiable during normal cell differentiation and is heritable in daughter cells. This plasticity, however, poses a risk for misregulation and may underlie a number of hereditary disorders, development defects, and cancer. Although the first epigenetic change described in cancer was gene hypomethylation [Holliday R, Jeggo PA: Mechanisms for changing gene expression and their possible relationship to carcinogenesis.Cancer Surv 1985, 4:557-581; Feinberg AP, Vogelstein B: Hypomethylation distinguishes genes of some human cancers from their normal counterparts.Nature 1983, 301:89-92], we know that cancers not only display global hypomethylation, but also, site-specific gene hypermethylation in addition to changes in chromatin modifications. Mechanisms explaining the sometimes paradoxical epigenetic changes observed in cancer, their contributions to tumor initiation and progression and how epigenetics relate to genetic events are poorly understood. In this review we will briefly discuss recent findings on the epigenomic states observed in colon cancer, in particular, how perturbations to the genome and epigenome together may contribute to initiation and progression of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saher Sue Hammoud
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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