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Mahmoud H, Badawy M, Mohammed SAN, El Shahawy M. Locally injected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells reverts the histopathological changes in the tongue of carbimazole-induced hypothyroidism of male rats. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 165:106010. [PMID: 38795432 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To decipher the role of locally injected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in the tongue of hypothyroid rats. DESIGN A total 24 male Wister rats were utilized and allocated into 3 groups (n = 8). As for the control group, rats received distilled water via oral gavage. In the hypothyroid group, rats administered carbimazole 5 mg/ 250 g/ day for 6 successive weeks, for hypothyroidism induction. The BM-MSC treated hypothyroid group (BM-MSC group); hypothyroid rats received local injection of 0.5 million BM-MSCs in tongue. Six weeks after BM-MSC injection, tongue samples were processed for Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining, Ki67-immunohistochemistry and histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS The hypothyroid group revealed degenerative alterations in the lingual papillae, and apparent thinning of the inferior lingual epithelium compared to their controls. Tongues of the BM-MSC group depicted restoration of the normal tongue histology. The Ki67 immunoreaction was apparently decreased in the lingual epithelium of hypothyroid group compared to their controls, however the BM-MSC group regained Ki67 immunostaining. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that administration of BM-MSCs rescued the degenerative changes in the lingual mucosa and one of the possible underlying mechanisms could be the restoration of cellular proliferation in the lingual epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah Mahmoud
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Assuit University, Assuit 71515, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Badawy
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Assuit University, Assuit 71515, Egypt
| | | | - Maha El Shahawy
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Misr Aswan Road, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt.
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2
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Grinberg N, Whitefield S, Kleinman S, Frenkel G, Peleg O. Botulinum Toxin-Induced Parotitis: A Postoperative Complication Following Masseter Muscle Injection. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 82:525-530. [PMID: 38438110 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Botulinum toxin (BTX) injection is a common treatment for bruxism, but there is no literature on potential salivary gland complications. This paper presents a case of acute parotitis in a 60-year-old female following BTX injections to the masseter muscle. This case highlights the possible salivary gland complications after injection of BTX into the masticatory muscles. An electronic search of PubMed and Embase databases was conducted to create a literature review in order to delve into the etiology behind the presented case and suggest potential preventive measures to avoid salivary gland complications. Thirty-one articles are reviewed and discussed. Currently, there is no consensus on the causes of the mentioned complication. However, various factors have been proposed, encompassing anatomical, physiological, biological, and physical aspects. Several methods have been recommended for the safe injection of BTX, which, along with better medical training and knowledge, are warranted to achieve predictable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Grinberg
- Trainee, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Physician, "Bina" Program, Medical Corps (IDF) and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Sara Whitefield
- Attending Physician, Oral Medicine Unit, Head and Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomi Kleinman
- Head of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Frenkel
- Attending Physician, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oren Peleg
- Attending Physician, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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3
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Huitsing K, Tritsch T, Arias FJC, Collado F, Aenlle KK, Nathason L, Fletcher MA, Klimas NG, Craddock TJA. The potential role of ocular and otolaryngological mucus proteins in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Mol Med 2024; 30:1. [PMID: 38172662 PMCID: PMC10763106 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating illness associated with a constellation of other symptoms. While the most common symptom is unrelenting fatigue, many individuals also report suffering from rhinitis, dry eyes and a sore throat. Mucin proteins are responsible for contributing to the formation of mucosal membranes throughout the body. These mucosal pathways contribute to the body's defense mechanisms involving pathogenic onset. When compromised by pathogens the epithelium releases numerous cytokines and enters a prolonged state of inflammation to eradicate any particular infection. Based on genetic analysis, and computational theory and modeling we hypothesize that mucin protein dysfunction may contribute to ME/CFS symptoms due to the inability to form adequate mucosal layers throughout the body, especially in the ocular and otolaryngological pathways leading to low grade chronic inflammation and the exacerbation of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin Huitsing
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA
| | - Tara Tritsch
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA
| | - Francisco Javier Carrera Arias
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA
| | - Fanny Collado
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA
- Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th St, Miami, FL, 33125-1624, USA
| | - Kristina K Aenlle
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA
- Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th St, Miami, FL, 33125-1624, USA
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA
| | - Lubov Nathason
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA
| | - Mary Ann Fletcher
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA
- Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th St, Miami, FL, 33125-1624, USA
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA
| | - Nancy G Klimas
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA
- Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th St, Miami, FL, 33125-1624, USA
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA
| | - Travis J A Craddock
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA.
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA.
- Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th St, Miami, FL, 33125-1624, USA.
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computing, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA.
- Center for Collaborative Research, Room 440, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2004, USA.
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Lee I, Sinha D, Mai Q, Zhang X, Bandyopadhyay D. Bayesian regression analysis of skewed tensor responses. Biometrics 2023; 79:1814-1825. [PMID: 35983634 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tensor regression analysis is finding vast emerging applications in a variety of clinical settings, including neuroimaging, genomics, and dental medicine. The motivation for this paper is a study of periodontal disease (PD) with an order-3 tensor response: multiple biomarkers measured at prespecified tooth-sites within each tooth, for each participant. A careful investigation would reveal considerable skewness in the responses, in addition to response missingness. To mitigate the shortcomings of existing analysis tools, we propose a new Bayesian tensor response regression method that facilitates interpretation of covariate effects on both marginal and joint distributions of highly skewed tensor responses, and accommodates missing-at-random responses under a closure property of our tensor model. Furthermore, we present a prudent evaluation of the overall covariate effects while identifying their possible variations on only a sparse subset of the tensor components. Our method promises Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) tools that are readily implementable. We illustrate substantial advantages of our proposal over existing methods via simulation studies and application to a real data set derived from a clinical study of PD. The R package BSTN available in GitHub implements our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkoo Lee
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Debajyoti Sinha
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Qing Mai
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Shahrokhi SZ, Saeidi L, Sadatamini M, Jafarzadeh M, Rahimipour A, Kazerouni F. Can miR-145-5p be used as a marker in diabetic patients? Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1175-1180. [PMID: 32412315 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1762657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the light of emerging global epidemics of type 2 diabetes mellitus significant efforts are continuing to discover novel biomarkers for early detection of the disease. Since miRNAs play an important role in both the initiation and progress of many pathologic processes such as diabetes, in this study we aimed to evaluate expression level of plasma miR-145-5p in diabetics and pre-diabetics in comparison to the control group and assess its use as a biomarker in diagnosis of T2D. The plasma level of miR-145-5p was assessed in three groups including 20 prediabetic patients, 20 T2D patients and 20 healthy controls using RT-qPCR. Biochemical parameters were also measured by the auto-analyzer. Expression level of miR-145-5p was down-regulated in the prediabetics and the T2D patients compared to the controls. In the control group miR-145-5p showed a borderline correlation with FBS (p = .06), while in the prediabetic group miR-145 showed a significant negative correlation with FBS and finally in the T2D patients miR-145 was negatively correlated with HbA1c and TC and showed a negative borderline correlation with FBS. The ROC analysis indicated a significant ability for miR-145-5p in discriminating between the diabetics and pre-diabetics from the healthy subjects. Our results demonstrated that the miR-145-5p expression level is deregulated in the diabetics and the prediabetics. Furthermore miR-145-5p displayed a significant ability to discriminate the diabetics from the healthy subjects. These results suggest that miR-145-5p may be a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Shahrokhi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leyla Saeidi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mirsaber Sadatamini
- Shohada Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Jafarzadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rahimipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faranak Kazerouni
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wu CB, Xue L, Zhou Q. Treatment Strategy for Chronic Obstructive Parotitis Related to Diabetes: A Retrospective Analysis of 12 Cases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:869872. [PMID: 35847021 PMCID: PMC9277455 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.869872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe our experience in treating chronic obstructive parotitis (COP) related to diabetes. Methods: Twelve patients with COP related to diabetes were selected for the study. A sialendoscope was introduced from the orifice to investigate the ductal wall and lumen. During the operation, chymotrypsin and gentamicin were injected. All patients were followed up for 6 months. Preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) evaluations and salivary gland scintigraphy (SGS) examinations were applied to evaluate the therapeutic effect; differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results: A sialendoscope was successfully used under local anesthesia in all members of the cohort. As shown by the endoscope, mucus plugs were the most common feature. Some adhered tightly to the ductal wall. We also found ductal congestion in some cases. The postoperative VAS scores and SGS counts were both significantly lower than the preoperative values (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Chymotrypsin administration during interventional sialendoscopy is significantly effective in the treatment of diabetes-related COP.
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Dong C, Hu X, Tripathi AS. A brief review of vitamin D as a potential target for the regulation of blood glucose and inflammation in diabetes-associated periodontitis. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2257-2268. [PMID: 35478388 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder associated with various complications, including periodontitis. The risk of periodontitis is increased in patients with diabetes, while vitamin D deficiency is associated with both diabetes and periodontitis. Thus, there is a need to identify the molecular effects of vitamin D on the regulation of inflammation and glucose in diabetes-associated periodontitis. The Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were searched for studies of the molecular effects of vitamin D. Molecular effects were reportedly mediated by salivary secretions, interactions of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with receptors of AGEs (RAGEs), cytokines, and oxidative stress pathways linking diabetes with periodontitis. Vitamin D supplementation attenuates inflammation in diabetes-associated periodontitis by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and numbers of immune cells; it also has antibacterial effects. Vitamin D reduces cytokine levels through regulation of the extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 and Toll-like receptor 1/2 pathways, along with the suppression of interleukin expression. Glucose homeostasis is altered in diabetes either because of reduced insulin production or decreased insulin sensitivity. These vitamin D-related alterations of glucoregulatory factors may contribute to hyperglycaemia; hyperglycaemia may also lead to alterations of glucoregulatory factors. This review discusses the pathways involved in glucose regulation and effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose regulation. Further studies are needed to characterise the effects of vitamin D on diabetes-associated periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Dong
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Beilun District, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Xuzhi Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Beilun District, Ningbo, 315800, China.
| | - Alok Shiomurti Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, U.P., India
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Huang YS, Wu HK, Chang HH, Lee TC, Huang SY, Chiang JY, Hsu PC, Lo LC. Exploring the pivotal variables of tongue diagnosis between patients with acute ischemic stroke and health participants. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 12:505-510. [PMID: 36081819 PMCID: PMC9446173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Stroke is a major cause of disability worldwide, and ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke. The prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke remain a challenge worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is often sought to provide an alternative therapy for the prevention and rehabilitation intervention of ischemic stroke in Taiwan. Therefore, this study explored the pivotal variables of tongue diagnosis among acute ischemic stroke and healthy participants in middle and older age. Experimental procedure This was a cross-sectional and case-controlled study. Data were collected from 99 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 286 healthy participants who received tongue diagnoses at Changhua Christian Hospital (CCH) from September 1, 2014, to December 31, 2016. Tongue features were extracted using the automatic tongue diagnosis system. Nine tongue features, including tongue shape, tongue color, fur thickness, fur color, saliva, tongue fissures, ecchymoses, teeth marks, and red spots were analyzed. Results and conclusion Objective image analysis techniques were used to identify significant differences in the many tongue features between patients with acute ischemic stroke and individuals without stroke. According to the logistic regression analysis, pale tongue color (OR:5.501, p = 0.001), bluish tongue color (OR:4.249, p = 0.014), ecchymoses (OR:1.058, p < 0.001), and tongue deviation angle (OR:1.218, p < 0.001) were associated with significantly increased odds ratios for acute ischemic stroke. The research revealed that tongue feature abnormalities were significantly related to the occurrence of ischemic stroke. TCM provides a complementary therapy for stroke. ATDS serves as a non-invasive, objective, and reliable tool in TCM. A significantly higher prevalence of abnormal tongue features in acute ischemic stroke. Tongue diagnosis could serve as a feasible predictor of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Sheng Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, YuanRung Hospital, Yuanlin City, Changhua County, 510, Taiwan
| | - Han-Kuei Wu
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine-Internal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine-Internal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chieh Lee
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yen Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - John Y. Chiang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chi Hsu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Lun-Chien Lo
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Negrini TDC, Carlos IZ, Duque C, Caiaffa KS, Arthur RA. Interplay Among the Oral Microbiome, Oral Cavity Conditions, the Host Immune Response, Diabetes Mellitus, and Its Associated-Risk Factors-An Overview. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:697428. [PMID: 35048037 PMCID: PMC8757730 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.697428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review of the literature aimed to investigate the interplay between the oral microbiome, oral cavity conditions, and host immune response in Diabetes mellitus (DM). Moreover, this review also aimed to investigate how DM related risk factors, such as advanced age, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), act in promoting or modifying specific mechanisms that could potentially perpetuate both altered systemic and oral conditions. We found that poorly controlled glycemic index may exert a negative effect on the immune system of affected individuals, leading to a deficient immune response or to an exacerbation of the inflammatory response exacerbating DM-related complications. Hyperglycemia induces alterations in the oral microbiome since poor glycemic control is associated with increased levels and frequencies of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival biofilm of individuals with DM. A bidirectional relationship between periodontal diseases and DM has been suggested: DM patients may have an exaggerated inflammatory response, poor repair and bone resorption that aggravates periodontal disease whereas the increased levels of systemic pro-inflammatory mediators found in individuals affected with periodontal disease exacerbates insulin resistance. SARS-CoV-2 infection may represent an aggravating factor for individuals with DM. Individuals with DM tend to have low salivary flow and a high prevalence of xerostomia, but the association between prevalence/experience of dental caries and DM is still unclear. DM has also been associated to the development of lesions in the oral mucosa, especially potentially malignant ones and those associated with fungal infections. Obesity plays an important role in the induction and progression of DM. Co-affected obese and DM individuals tend to present worse oral health conditions. A decrease in HDL and, an increase in triglycerides bloodstream levels seem to be associated with an increase on the load of periodontopathogens on oral cavity. Moreover, DM may increase the likelihood of halitosis. Prevalence of impaired taste perception and impaired smell recognition tend to be greater in DM patients. An important interplay among oral cavity microbiome, DM, obesity and hypertension has been proposed as the reduction of nitrate into nitrite, in addition to contribute to lowering of blood pressure, reduces oxidative stress and increases insulin secretion, being these effects desirable for the control of obesity and DM. Women with PCOS tend to present a distinct oral microbial composition and an elevated systemic response to selective members of this microbial community, but the association between oral microbiome, PCOS are DM is still unknown. The results of the studies presented in this review suggest the interplay among the oral microbiome, oral cavity conditions, host immune response and DM and some of the DM associated risk factors exist. DM individuals need to be encouraged and motivated for an adequate oral health care. In addition, these results show the importance of adopting multidisciplinary management of DM and of strengthening physicians-dentists relationship focusing on both systemic and on oral cavity conditions of DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais de Cássia Negrini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Iracilda Zeppone Carlos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Duque
- Department of Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Karina Sampaio Caiaffa
- Department of Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alex Arthur
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Ribeiro BA, Vieira Lima CP, Alves LS, Damé-Teixeira N. Impact of detection criteria on coronal and root caries estimates in adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:3687-3695. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Grisi DC, Vieira IV, de Almeida Lima AK, de Oliveira Mattos MC, Damé-Teixeira N, Salles LP, de Oliveira LA, Stefani C, do Carmo Machado Guimarães M. The Complex Interrelationship between Diabetes Mellitus, Oral Diseases and General Health. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e220321192408. [PMID: 34225632 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210322153210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that several oral diseases and conditions can be associated with DM. Dental caries, hyposalivation, fungal diseases and endodontics lesions may represent potential oral complications that can be aggravated by chronic hyperglycemia. Individuals with DM have a low perception of oral diseases which can lead to clinically important oral and systemic complications. This review aims to provide data on the most common oral signs and symptoms related to DM and to explore the mechanisms that might explain associations between DM and oral diseases in order to clarify the risks posed by poor oral health in DM. Since the linkage between oral diseases and DM is part of multifactorial aspects related to chronic hyperglycemic status and several common conditions affecting the whole body, both require rigorous self-control from patients and attention from medical and dental professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Corrêa Grisi
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nailê Damé-Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Loise Pedrosa Salles
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | | | - Cristine Stefani
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil
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Alwan AM, Mousa HA, Talib HJ, Jassim TK. Impact of Air and Manual Scaling on Dental Anxiety and Blood Glucose Level among Diabetic Patients. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:510-515. [PMID: 34760794 PMCID: PMC8533038 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_411_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The current study aimed at describing the short-term effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on dental anxiety and blood glucose level change among diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty patients with diabetes participated in a cross-sectional study design. All of them were divided into two groups, with 75 patients in each group. The first group was treated with air scaling, whereas the second group was treated with manual scaling. The determination of treatment needs and the evaluation of periodontal health status were achieved by using Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Need (CPITN). The level of dental anxiety was assessed by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The glucose change was calculated by subtracting the glucose level before treatment from the glucose level straight after treatment. Results: No significant difference in glucose level was observed between manual scaling and air scaling after treatment (P = 0.076), and the level of glucose was significantly lower after scaling treatment within the treatment groups (P = 0.000). The level of glucose change between the groups was significantly lower for the manual scaling treatment group (P = 0.013), and it was significantly correlated with VAS (P = 0.000). Multiple regression analysis showed a significant association between the treatment groups (P = 0.007). Conclusions: Scaling reduced blood glucose and dental anxiety levels in patients with diabetes. Manual scaling was associated with reduced glucose level change less than air scaling after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyamama M Alwan
- Department of Periodontal Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hussein A Mousa
- Department of Periodontal Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Haider J Talib
- Department of Periodontal Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Tameem K Jassim
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
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A Cross-Sectional Study on Ultrasonographic Measurements of Parotid Glands in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:5583412. [PMID: 33747082 PMCID: PMC7943275 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5583412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease which is seen increasing globally and is diagnosed and monitored on basis of invasive blood investigations. Salivary glands are affected in diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to assess ultrasonographic measurements of parotid glands and correlate with the glycosylated hemoglobin levels in type 2 diabetic mellitus and duration of type 2 diabetic mellitus and treatment regimens. Materials and Methods This study was conducted on 50 subjects of type 2 diabetes mellitus and on 50 healthy controls. After HbA1C analysis of selected individuals, 100 individuals were grouped into group I (above 5.7) and group II (below 5.7). Ultrasonographic measurements (length (L), transverse dimension (TD), depth lateral to the mandible (DLM), and depth dorsal to the mandible (DDM)) of bilateral parotid glands were calculated. Statistical analysis was done using the chi-square test of significance and Spearman correlation coefficients. Results On correlation with measurement of right (L, DLM, DDM) and left (TD, DLM, DDM) of parotid glands with duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus, we found a moderate positive relationship, whereas as for right (TD) and left (L), we found a low-positive relationship. Similarly, for right (L, TD, DLM, DDM) and left (TD, DDM) parotid glands with HbA1C, we found a low-positive relationship, whereas for left parotid gland (L, DLM) with HbA1C, we found a moderate positive relationship. The mean DLM of right and left parotids in the insulin group was found to be slightly more than that in the combined group which was statistically insignificant. Conclusion Ultrasonographic measurements of parotid glands were found to be higher in study subjects as compared to control subjects, and they increased with increased HbA1C levels; also, there was no difference in treatment regimen. Ultrasonography could be a prospective diagnostic test for detection and monitoring of diabetes mellitus, and still further studies are required for this.
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Villa TG, Sánchez-Pérez Á, Sieiro C. Oral lichen planus: a microbiologist point of view. Int Microbiol 2021; 24:275-289. [PMID: 33751292 PMCID: PMC7943413 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic disease of uncertain etiology, although it is generally considered as an immune-mediated disease that affects the mucous membranes and even the skin and nails. Over the years, this disease was attributed to a variety of causes, including different types of microorganisms. This review analyzes the present state of the art of the disease, from a microbiological point of view, while considering whether or not the possibility of a microbial origin for the disease can be supported. From the evidence presented here, OLP should be considered an immunological disease, as it was initially proposed, as opposed to an illness of microbiological origin. The different microorganisms so far described as putative disease-causing agents do not fulfill Koch’s postulates; they are, actually, not the cause, but a result of the disease that provides the right circumstances for microbial colonization. This means that, at this stage, and unless new data becomes available, no microorganism can be envisaged as the causative agent of lichen planus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás G. Villa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, EU Spain
| | - Ángeles Sánchez-Pérez
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Carmen Sieiro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Microbiology Area, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, EU Spain
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15
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Catamo E, Tornese G, Concas MP, Gasparini P, Robino A. Differences in taste and smell perception between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy controls. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:193-200. [PMID: 33500104 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The senses of taste and smell are essential determinants of food choice, which in turn may contribute to the development of chronic diseases, including diabetes. Although past studies have evaluated the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and senses disorders, this relationship remains controversial. In this study, we evaluated taste and smell perception in DM2 patients and healthy controls (HC). Moreover, we analyzed the association of chemosensory impairments with anthropometric and clinical outcomes (e.g. Body Mass Index (BMI), Fasting blood glucose (FBG), drugs, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and hypertension) in DM2 patients. METHODS AND RESULTS The study included 94 DM2 patients and 244 HC. Taste recognition for 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), quinine, citric acid, sucrose, and sodium chloride (NaCl) compounds was assessed using a filter paper method, while smell recognition of 12 odorants was performed using a Sniffin' sticks test. We found that a higher percentage of DM2 patients showed identification impairment in salt taste (22% vs. 5%, p-value<0.0009) and smell recognition (55% vs. 27%, p-value = 0.03) compared to HC. We also observed that 65% of hypertensive DM2 subjects presented smell identification impairment compared to 18% of non-hypertensive patients (p-value = 0.019). Finally, patients with impairments in both taste and smell showed elevated FBG compared to patients without impairment (149.6 vs.124.3 mg/dL, p-value = 0.04). CONCLUSION The prevalence of taste and smell identification impairments was higher in DM2 patients compared to HC, and a possible relationship with glycemic levels emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulalia Catamo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS ''Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Tornese
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS ''Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria P Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS ''Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS ''Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS ''Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy
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Effect of Lactobacillus brevis CD2 containing lozenges and plaque pH and cariogenic bacteria in diabetic children: a randomised clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:115-123. [PMID: 33083852 PMCID: PMC7785539 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective The short-term effect (60 days) of Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges vs placebo on variables related to caries and gingivitis in type 1 diabetic children was evaluated. Material and methods Eight diabetics (4–14 years old) were assigned to two groups (n = 34 subjects each), probiotic lozenges and placebo. Stimulated saliva for microbiological analysis and plaque pH were assessed at baseline (t0), 30 days (t1), 60 days (t2) and in the follow-up period (90 days from baseline, t3). Gingival status was assessed at t0, t2 and t3. Two-way ANOVA assessed differences between groups. Results In the probiotic group, Streptococcus mutans bacterial density mean scores dropped from 3.11 ± 1.13 at baseline to 1.82 ± 0.72 (t2) and to 2.06 ± 0.56 (t3), while in the placebo group, the scores were 3.09 ± 0.8 (t0), 2.82 ± 0.47 (t2) and 3.11 ± 0.43 (t3) (p < 0.01). Lowest and maximum pH fall increased in the probiotic group, from 5.37 ± 0.41 at baseline to 5.49 ± 0.24 at t3 (p < 0.01) and from 1.20 ± 0.46 to 0.98 ± 0.29 (p = 0.02). Bleeding score decreased significantly in both groups, showing a statistically significant lower bleeding score at t2 in the probiotic group (25.6%, 95% CI 21.5–32.7 vs 29.5%, 95% CI 25.2–34.9, p = 0.02). Conclusions Lactobacillus brevis CD2 has shown to improve caries-related risk factors and gingival health in diabetic children. Clinical relevance Lactobacillus brevis CD2 might contribute to improved oral health in type 1 diabetic children. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00784-020-03342-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Mahtani AA, Jacob C, Lakshmanan R. Prevalence of diabetes among patients and the assessment of the awareness of the bidirectional relation between diabetes and periodontal disease. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2774-2780. [PMID: 32984124 PMCID: PMC7491835 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_63_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the extent of self-awareness and knowledge of diabetes and its association with periodontal disease among patients seeking dental care. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected in the form of a questionnaire from 150 consecutive adult patients from the outpatient department of Saveetha Dental College in Chennai, India. Complying patients were tested for diabetes mellitus by checking their random blood sugar and the results were correlated with the questionnaire and their periodontal findings. The findings were interpreted to examine the relationship between self-awareness and clinically diagnosed periodontitis. RESULTS One hundred fifty patients participated in the questionnaire and 70% were unaware of diabetes causing periodontal disease. A total of 47.3% of patients were also unwilling to get themselves tested for diabetes by their dentists as nearly 73.3% believed that they did not have diabetes. As a result, out of 150 patients, 41 consented to random blood sugar but only 23 patients followed up. Among these 23, 14 believed they were diabetic but only 12 of those 14 were proven to be so. Additionally, 20 patients were diagnosed with either localized or generalized chronic periodontitis while the remaining 3 patients had gingivitis. All 12 patients diagnosed with diabetes were affected by periodontitis as well. CONCLUSIONS Patients are generally apprehensive and misinformed regarding the influence of periodontitis and diabetes between both diseases and must be educated by both the medical and dental practitioners regarding the implications of these chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha A. Mahtani
- Student, Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Caroline Jacob
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reema Lakshmanan
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dornelas Figueira LM, Ricomini Filho AP, da Silva WJ, Del BeL Cury AA, Ruiz KGS. Glucose effect on Candida albicans biofilm during tissue invasion. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104728. [PMID: 32585445 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of two glucose concentrations (0.1 mM and 1.0 mM, simulating glucose concentration in saliva of healthy and diabetic individuals) on Candida albicans biofilm grown on epithelial monolayer. MATERIAL AND METHODS C. albicans was inoculated on epithelial monolayers supplemented with 0.1 mM, 1.0 mM or no glucose. Control groups without C. albicans were also evaluated. Tissue response was assessed through the production of Interleukin-1α, Interleukin-8, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α. The complex of monolayer and biofilms were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for expression of E-cadherin (CDH1), Caspase-3 (CASP3), β-defensin-1 (DEFB-1) and β-defensin-3 (DEFB-3). The biofilm architecture was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS The production of Interleukin-1α and Interleukin-8 were increased in the presence of C. albicans (p < 0.05). Glucose did not interfere in the release of any cytokine evaluated. C. albicans downregulated transcripts for CDH1 (p < 0.05). Glucose did not induce a significant change in CDH1, CASP3, DEFB-1 and DEFB-3 messenger RNA expression. The biofilms were more structured in the presence of glucose, but no difference in the diffusion of hyphae through the epithelial cells were observed. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that glucose concentration does not affect the behavior of C. albicans during tissue invasion and other mechanisms must be related to the greater susceptibility of diabetic individuals to candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Morais Dornelas Figueira
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Wander José da Silva
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Altair Antoninha Del BeL Cury
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Gonzales Silvério Ruiz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Arreguin-Cano JA, Ayerdi-Nájera B, Tacuba-Saavedra A, Navarro-Tito N, Dávalos-Martínez A, Emigdio-Vargas A, Barrera-Rodríguez E, Blanco-García N, Gutiérrez-Venegas G, Ventura-Molina E, León-Dorantes G. MMP-2 salivary activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:113. [PMID: 31892956 PMCID: PMC6937721 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases with a bidirectional relationship. The uncontrolled levels of glucose in T2DM patients change the pathophysiology and balance of inflammatory mediators. Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is a zinc-dependent endopeptidase that is responsible for tissue remodeling and degradation of the extracellular matrix in periodontal tissue. Therefore, the uncontrolled levels of glucose in T2DM could lead to an imbalance in MMP-2 activity in saliva, favoring the development of periodontitis. METHODS Ninety-seven T2DM patients from Hospital Dr. Donato Alarcon were included in the study. Following clinical examination, the patients were classified into four groups according to the presence and degree of periodontal disease and glycemic control. Blood and whole saliva samples (WSS) were collected from each patient. Blood samples were used for Hba1c and polymorphonuclear cells count determination, while WSS were used to determine MMP-2 activity, TIMP-1 and nitrite. MMP-2 activity was determined by zymography. TIMP-1 were determined by Western blotting, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined by the Griess method. RESULTS Of the 97 patients with T2DM, 66 had periodontitis of different severities: 18 patients had mild periodontitis, 15 had moderate and 33 had severe. Salivary MMP-2 activity, HbA1c and TIMP-1 were positively correlated with the severity of periodontitis. On the other hand, the increase in HbA1c was negatively correlated with MMP-2 activity and quantity of TIMP-1 but was positively correlated with nitrite levels. CONCLUSIONS T2DM with glycemic uncontrol conditions, distinct clinical alterations in periodontal tissue were identified, including a decrease in the gingival redness, increased the clinical attachment loss and imbalance of MMP-2/TIMP-1, as the possible causes of disorders promoting the progression of periodontitis. Accelerated periodontitis development with poor glycemic uncontrol likely results from the altered response of host defenses and decreased activity of polymorphonuclear cells. Taken together, these findings identify MMP-2 as a promising molecular market for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Arreguin-Cano
- Unit of Clinical and Epidemiological Innovation of the State of Guerrero, Secretary of Health of the State of Guerrero, Av. Juan R. Escudero No. 158 Col. C.D. Renacimiento, 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Brenda Ayerdi-Nájera
- Unit of Clinical and Epidemiological Innovation of the State of Guerrero, Secretary of Health of the State of Guerrero, Av. Juan R. Escudero No. 158 Col. C.D. Renacimiento, 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Arvey Tacuba-Saavedra
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology of Cancer, School of Chemical Sciences-Biological, University Autonomy of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology of Cancer, School of Chemical Sciences-Biological, University Autonomy of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Alfonso Dávalos-Martínez
- Unit of Clinical and Epidemiological Innovation of the State of Guerrero, Secretary of Health of the State of Guerrero, Av. Juan R. Escudero No. 158 Col. C.D. Renacimiento, 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Abel Emigdio-Vargas
- Unit of Clinical and Epidemiological Innovation of the State of Guerrero, Secretary of Health of the State of Guerrero, Av. Juan R. Escudero No. 158 Col. C.D. Renacimiento, 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Elia Barrera-Rodríguez
- Unit of Clinical and Epidemiological Innovation of the State of Guerrero, Secretary of Health of the State of Guerrero, Av. Juan R. Escudero No. 158 Col. C.D. Renacimiento, 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Nubia Blanco-García
- Unit of Clinical and Epidemiological Innovation of the State of Guerrero, Secretary of Health of the State of Guerrero, Av. Juan R. Escudero No. 158 Col. C.D. Renacimiento, 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Gloria Gutiérrez-Venegas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elías Ventura-Molina
- Intelligent Computing Laboratory, Computer Research Center, Polytechnic Institute in Computing, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gladys León-Dorantes
- Unit of Clinical and Epidemiological Innovation of the State of Guerrero, Secretary of Health of the State of Guerrero, Av. Juan R. Escudero No. 158 Col. C.D. Renacimiento, 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero Mexico
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20
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Mameli C, Cattaneo C, Lonoce L, Bedogni G, Redaelli FC, Macedoni M, Zuccotti G, Pagliarini E. Associations Among Taste Perception, Food Neophobia and Preferences in Type 1 Diabetes Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123052. [PMID: 31847252 PMCID: PMC6950790 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common systemic diseases in childhood which predisposes the patient to serious short-term and long-term complications, affecting all body systems. Taste and olfactory impairments were first described a long time ago in adult patients affected by diabetes (both type 1 and type 2 diabetes). However, studies evaluating taste perception, behavioral attitudes (e.g., food neophobia), and preferences toward foods in children and adolescents affected by T1D are globally lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess taste sensitivity, food neophobia, and preferences among children and adolescents affected by T1D and healthy controls in a cross-sectional study. T1D patients presented a significantly lower ability in general to correctly identify taste qualities, especially bitter and sour tastes. Moreover, they were characterized by fewer fungiform papillae compared to controls, as well as a lower responsiveness to the bitter compound 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). There were no significant differences in food neophobia scores between the two groups, but differences were observed in the mean hedonic ratings for some product categories investigated. Diabetic patients showed a greater liking for certain type of foods generally characterized by sourness and bitterness, an observation probably linked to their impaired ability to perceive taste stimuli, e.g., sourness and bitterness. These results may help to enhance the understanding of these relationships in populations with elevated diet-related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Camilla Cattaneo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-503-191-75
| | - Luisa Lonoce
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy; (L.L.); (F.C.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Giorgio Bedogni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Liver Research Center, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Francesca Chiara Redaelli
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy; (L.L.); (F.C.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Maddalena Macedoni
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy; (L.L.); (F.C.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ella Pagliarini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Zhou Q, Wang Q, Chen B, Han Y, Cheng L, Shen Y, Hao P, Zhang Z. Factors influencing breath analysis results in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Breath Res 2019; 13:046012. [PMID: 31489846 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breath analysis is used to detect the composition of exhaled gas. As a quick and non-invasive detection method, breath analysis provides deep insights into the progression of various kinds of diseases, especially those with metabolism disorders. Abundant information on volatile compounds in diabetic patients has been studied in numerous articles in the literature. However, exhaled gas in diabetic patients can be altered by various complications. So far, little attention has been paid to this alteration. In our paper, we found that under air pollution conditions, diabetic patients exhale more nitric oxide. Diabetic patients with heart failure exhale more acetone than those without heart failure. After 13C-labeled glucose intake, patients infected with Helicobacter pylori exhaled more 13C and less 18O than those without infection. Exhalation with chronic kidney disease changes volatile organic compounds on a large scale. Diabetic patients with ketoacidosis exhale more acetone than those without ketoacidosis. Some specific volatile organic compounds also emanate from diabetic feet. By monitoring breath frequency, diabetic patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome exhibit a unique breath pattern and rhythm as compared with other diabetic patients, and sleep apnea is prevalent among diabetic patients. In addition to clinical findings, we analyzed the underlying mechanisms at the levels of molecules, cells and whole bodies, and provided suggestions for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, and School of Medicine of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Malik S, Parikh H, Shah N, Anand S, Gupta S. Non-invasive platform to estimate fasting blood glucose levels from salivary electrochemical parameters. Healthc Technol Lett 2019; 6:87-91. [PMID: 31531221 PMCID: PMC6718070 DOI: 10.1049/htl.2018.5081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that affects more than 400 million people worldwide. Most existing approaches for measuring fasting blood glucose levels (FBGLs) are invasive. This work presents a proof-of-concept study in which saliva is used as a proxy biofluid to estimate FBGL. Saliva collected from 175 volunteers was analysed using portable, handheld sensors to measure its electrochemical properties such as conductivity, redox potential, pH and K+, Na+ and Ca2+ ionic concentrations. These data, along with the person's gender and age, were trained and tested after casewise annotation with their true FBGL values using a set of mathematical algorithms. An accuracy of 87.4 ± 1.7% and a mean relative deviation of 14.1% (R 2 = 0.76) was achieved using a mathematical algorithm. All parameters except the gender were found to play a key role in the FBGL determination process. Finally, the individual electrochemical sensors were integrated into a single platform and interfaced with the authors' algorithm through a simple graphical user interface. The system was revalidated on 60 new saliva samples and gave an accuracy of 81.67 ± 2.53% (R 2 = 0.71). This study paves the way for rapid, efficient and painless FBGL estimation from saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarul Malik
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Parikh
- Department of Computer Science, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
| | - Neil Shah
- Department of Computer Science, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
| | - Sneh Anand
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shalini Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas 110016, India
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Hsu PC, Wu HK, Huang YC, Chang HH, Lee TC, Chen YP, Chiang JY, Lo LC. The tongue features associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15567. [PMID: 31083226 PMCID: PMC6531228 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a public problem closely associated with numerous oral complications, such as coated tongue, xerostomia, salivary dysfunction, etc. Tongue diagnosis plays an important role in clinical prognosis and treatment of diabetes in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This study investigated discriminating tongue features to distinguish between type 2 DM and non-DM individuals through non-invasive TCM tongue diagnosis.The tongue features for 199 patients with type 2 DM, and 372 non-DM individuals, serving as control, are extracted by the automatic tongue diagnosis system (ATDS). A total of 9 tongue features, namely, tongue shape, tongue color, fur thickness, fur color, saliva, tongue fissure, ecchymosis, teeth mark, and red dot. The demography, laboratory, physical examination, and tongue manifestation data between 2 groups were compared.Patients with type 2 DM possessed significantly larger covering area of yellow fur (58.5% vs 22.5%, P < .001), thick fur (50.8% vs 29.2%, P < .001), and bluish tongue (P < .001) than those of the control group. Also, a significantly higher portion (72.7% vs 55.2%, P < .05) of patients with long-term diabetics having yellow fur color than the short-term counterparts was observed.The high prevalence of thick fur, yellow fur color, and bluish tongue in patient with type 2 DM revealed that TCM tongue diagnosis can serve as a preliminary screening procedure in the early detection of type 2 DM in light of its simple and non-invasive nature, followed by other more accurate testing process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt in applying non-invasive TCM tongue diagnosis to the discrimination of type 2 DM patients and non-DM individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chi Hsu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - Han-Kuei Wu
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital Taipei Branch, Taipei
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Tsung-Chieh Lee
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua
| | - Yi-Ping Chen
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - John Y. Chiang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Lun-Chien Lo
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
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24
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Characteristics of lingual papillae in diabetic rats. Morphologie 2018; 102:250-254. [PMID: 30219545 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder resulting with many different complications including soft tissue abnormalities in the oral cavity such as periodontitis and salivary and taste dysfunction. Previous studies also reported fungal and bacterial infections in oral cavity in these patients. This study aims to represent three dimentional morphologic ultrastructural changes of the diabetic rat tongue via scanning electron microscopy. Twenty-four (24) adult male Spraque-Dawley rats, (weight ranging between 200-250g) included in the study were randomly assigned into two groups: control rats were injected with intraperitoneally saline alone, experimental diabetes group received streptozotocin (STZ) (80mg/kg) administrated intraperitoneally. On month four, by the end of experimental period, all animals of each group were anesthetised. All tongues were dissected totally, postfixed in 2% osmium tetroxide and then dried by critical point drying before SEM analysis. Finally, superficial epithelial configurations of the lingual papillae in experimental diabetic rats were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Diabetes mellitus caused thickness, hyperceratosis and different epithelial changes, We observed yeast-like structures and bacterial colonisations on the papillar and epithelial structure of the tongue. The morphological atrophic changes of lingual mucosa and the median rhomboid glossitis (which is primary finding of candidal infection) are characteristic observations on the lingual mucosa of the streptozotocin treated rats.
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De Carli L, Gambino R, Lubrano C, Rosato R, Bongiovanni D, Lanfranco F, Broglio F, Ghigo E, Bo S. Impaired taste sensation in type 2 diabetic patients without chronic complications: a case-control study. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:765-772. [PMID: 29185232 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few and contradictory data suggest changes in taste perception in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), potentially altering food choices. We, therefore, analyzed taste recognition thresholds in T2DM patients with good metabolic control and free of conditions potentially impacting on taste, compared with age-, body mass index-, and sex-matched normoglycemic controls. METHODS An ascending-concentration method was used, employing sucrose (sweet), sodium chloride (salty), citric acid (sour), and quinine hydrochloride (bitter), diluted in increasing concentration solutions. The recognition threshold was the lowest concentration of correct taste identification. RESULTS The recognition thresholds for the four tastes were higher in T2DM patients. In a multiple regression model, T2DM [β = 0.95; 95% CI 0.32-1.58; p = 0.004 (salty); β = 0.61; 0.19-1.03; p = 0.006 (sweet); β = 0.78; 0.15-1.40; p = 0.016 (sour); β = 0.74; 0.22-1.25; p = 0.006 (bitter)] and waist circumference [β = 0.05; 0.01-0.08; p = 0.012 (salty); β = 0.03; 0.01-0.05; p = 0.020 (sweet); β = 0.04; 0.01-0.08; p = 0.020 (sour); β = 0.04; 0.01-0.07; p = 0.007 (bitter)] were associated with the recognition thresholds. Age was associated with salty (β = 0.06; 0.01-0.12; p = 0.027) and BMI with sweet thresholds (β = 0.06; 0.01-0.11; p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Taste recognition thresholds were higher in uncomplicated T2DM, and central obesity was significantly associated with this impairment. Hypogeusia may be an early sign of diabetic neuropathy and be implicated in the poor compliance of these patients to dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L De Carli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - R Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - C Lubrano
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - R Rosato
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - D Bongiovanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - F Lanfranco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - F Broglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - E Ghigo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - S Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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Carramolino-Cuéllar E, Lauritano D, Silvestre FJ, Carinci F, Lucchese A, Silvestre-Rangil J. Salivary flow and xerostomia in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:526-530. [PMID: 29604122 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva is secreted by the major and minor salivary glands. There are a number of physiological factors that can reduce this secretion such as age, sex, body weight, number of teeth present in the mouth or time of day. This decrease may also be caused by the use of certain drugs, radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, chronic rheumatic diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome and other systemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of type 2 DM on salivary secretion and its relation to the sensation of xerostomia. METHODS Forty-seven patients with type 2 DM and 46 healthy individuals, aged 40-80, participated in the study. Samples of saliva were collected, at rest and after stimulation, at baseline and after the administration of a meal. A questionnaire of 10 items was used to define the patients' sensations of xerostomia. For statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney test was used to assess the difference in salivary flow between the two groups and the relationship between the response to each of the questions and salivary flow levels. The degree of the patients' sensation of xerostomia was analysed by the Fisher test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS There was a significant decrease in total saliva levels at rest in patients with type 2 DM compared to the control group. The study group also experienced higher levels of dryness at night and on waking as well as a greater sensation of lingual burning compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Carramolino-Cuéllar
- Department of Stomatology, Stomatology & Oral Surgery, Dr Peset University Hospital, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dorina Lauritano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Center of Milan, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Francisco-Javier Silvestre
- Department of Stomatology, Stomatology & Oral Surgery, Dr Peset University Hospital, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesco Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberta Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Javier Silvestre-Rangil
- Department of Stomatology, Stomatology & Oral Surgery, Dr Peset University Hospital, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases which continue to increase in number and significance. It presents the third most prevalent condition among medically compromised patients referring for dental treatment. Diabetes mellitus has been defined as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Hyperglycemia leads to widespread multisystem damage which has an effect on oral tissue. The present article summarizes current knowledge regarding the association between diabetes mellitus and oral and dental health.
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Salih MM, El-Esawy BH, Abd El Hafez A, Abd El-Hafez A. Cytomorphologic patterns of Pap and PAS-stained oral exfoliative cytology smears in adult Saudi diabetic patients as compared to healthy controls. Diagn Cytopathol 2018; 46:501-506. [PMID: 29493114 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide and 425 million people were estimated to have diabetes by 2017. Oral manifestations reflect the metabolic control of diabetes. Exfoliative cytology using Papanicolaou (Pap) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stains is a practical technique to evaluate oral epithelial cytomorphologic changes in diabetes. AIM This study analyzes the cytomorphologic changes and the glycogen content in exfoliated oral epithelial cells among diabetic patients as compared to healthy controls using Pap and PAS stains to verify the utility of exfoliative cytology as adjunct to diagnosis, follow up or screening of diabetes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eighty-nine participants; 38 adult diabetic patients (case group) and 51 age-matching nondiabetics (control group) were enrolled in the study after fulfilling appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling and staining procedures were performed using routine protocols. Slides were observed by two pathologists and categorized as inflammatory, dyskaryotic and negative. Glycogen content was expressed as PAS negative or +, ++, and +++ positive. RESULTS The difference between the diabetics and the controls was statistically significant regarding inflammatory, dyskaryotic/nuclear changes and glycogen content and staining intensity. Other observed finding in diabetic patient smears included binucleation, polychromic, and/or vacuolated cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS Cytomorphologic changes of oral epithelial cells reflect the complex pathological mechanisms by which DM affects cellular metabolism and function. Cytomorphologic patterns of Pap and PAS-stained oral exfoliative cytology smears can be helpful for diagnosis, follow up as well as for screening for diabetes in high prevalence communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdi Mansour Salih
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Basem Hassan El-Esawy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Medical Laboratories Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, KSA
| | - Amal Abd El Hafez
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Afaf Abd El-Hafez
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Lai S, Cagetti MG, Cocco F, Cossellu D, Meloni G, Campus G, Lingström P. Evaluation of the difference in caries experience in diabetic and non-diabetic children-A case control study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188451. [PMID: 29190700 PMCID: PMC5708823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the caries prevalence and related variables in Type 1 diabetic and non-diabetic children and among the diabetic children according to their metabolic status. Methods Sixty-eight diabetic and 136 non-diabetic children, matching by gender and age (4–14 years) were enrolled. The diabetic children were divided: a) 20 children in good metabolic control (Hb1ac≤7.5) and b) 48 children in bad metabolic control (Hb1ac>7.5). Dietary and oral hygiene habits were investigated. Caries status was registered using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. Oral microflora was analysed using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridisation method. Plaque acidogenicity was recorded after a sucrose rinse. Results Sugared beverage and snack intake was higher in diabetic group compared to non-diabetic group (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04, respectively) and in subjects in bad metabolic control (p = 0.03 and p<0.01, respectively). Oral hygiene habits were similar, except for the use of fluoridated adjuvants, higher in non-diabetic children (p = 0.04). No statistically significant differences were observed regarding caries figures, but a higher number of caries free subjects was found in diabetic subjects in good metabolic control (p<0.01). Significant difference for the main cariogenic bacteria was found between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (p<0.05). The pH values showed statistically significant differences between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects and between diabetic subjects in good and bad metabolic control (p<0.01). Conclusions Diabetic children in good metabolic control might even be considered at low caries risk, while those in bad metabolic control showed an oral environment prone to a high caries risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cagetti
- WHO, Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology and Preventive Dentistry, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Cocco
- WHO, Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology and Preventive Dentistry, Milan, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medical Sciences—Dental School, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Dina Cossellu
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medical Sciences—Dental School, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Meloni
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medical Sciences—Clinic of Pediatric, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- WHO, Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology and Preventive Dentistry, Milan, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medical Sciences—Dental School, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter Lingström
- WHO, Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology and Preventive Dentistry, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Mauri-Obradors E, Estrugo-Devesa A, Jané-Salas E, Viñas M, López-López J. Oral manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus. A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017; 22:e586-e594. [PMID: 28809366 PMCID: PMC5694181 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus has become a global epidemic and presents many complications, usually proportional to the degree and duration of hyperglycemia. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the different oral manifestations associated with Diabetes Mellitus. MATERIAL AND METHODS A MEDLINE search for "Diabetes Mellitus and oral manifestations" was performed. A further search was conducted for "diabetes" and its individual oral manifestation. Inclusion criteria were as follows: human clinical studies with a minimum of 30 patients; studies published in relevant scientific journals between January 1998 and January 2016. Nineteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed, assessing the strength of scientific evidence according to recommendations made by the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford (OCEBM), which permits adequate assessment of prevalence studies. RESULTS A total 3,712 patients (2,084 diabetics) were included in the studies reviewed. Of the 19 studies analyzed, 4 were longitudinal studies and 15 cross-sectional studies. Periodontal disease, periapical lesions, xerostomia and taste disturbance were more prevalent among diabetic patients. An association between diabetes and caries and mucosal lesions proved positive in 5 out of 10 studies. CONCLUSIONS Despite multiple oral manifestations associated with DM, awareness of the associations between diabetes, oral health, and general health is inadequate. It is necessary for doctors and dentists to be aware of the various oral manifestations of diabetes in order to make an early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mauri-Obradors
- University Campus of Bellvitge, Pabellón de Gobierno, 2 planta, Dept. of Dentistry, O8907 L' Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,
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Lima DLF, Carneiro SDRM, Barbosa FTDS, Saintrain MVDL, Moizan JAH, Doucet J. Salivary flow and xerostomia in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180891. [PMID: 28767676 PMCID: PMC5540406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess salivary flow in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and its association with xerostomia. METHODS Cross-sectional clinical study conducted with older patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least one year receiving treatment at the Integrated Center for Diabetes and Hypertension of Ceará (CIHD) in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. Oral clinical examination was carried out to assess the decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT). Perception of the presence of xerostomia/dry mouth was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale. Stimulated salivary flow was measured and samples were obtained using an extra-soft silicone device. RESULTS 120 older patients with diabetes (60 insulin-dependent and 60 non-insulin-dependent) aged 65-91 years, with a mean age of 72.26 ± 6.53 years, were assessed. Of these, 111 (92.5%) presented a decrease in salivary flow while 59 (49.2%) reported moderate to severe xerostomia/dry mouth. The DMFT Index presented a mean of 27.53 ± 4.86 teeth. CONCLUSIONS Reduced salivary flow was found in the group assessed in the present research; however, this finding is not in accordance with the perception of xerostomia/dry mouth reported by the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Lopes Ferreira Lima
- Dental School Undergraduation and Graduation Programs, University of Fortaleza – Unifor, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Doucet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Therapeutics, Saint Julien Hospital, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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Sharma U, Patel K, Shah V, Sinha S, Rathore VPS. Isolation and Speciation of Candida in Type II Diabetic Patients using CHROM Agar: A Microbial Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:DC09-DC11. [PMID: 28969120 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24864.10394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Newer Candida species are now becoming increasingly predominant commensal in the oral cavity. AIM Aim of the study was to identify and compare different Candida species in the oral cavity of Type II diabetic individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present microbial study was carried out for the duration of three months. Sixty participants were included in the study and divided into two groups of 30 individual each. Group I consisted of patients with Type II diabetes while Group II consisted of healthy individuals without diabetes or any other systemic disease. A total of 3 ml of unstimulated whole saliva was collected from them and centrifuged at 5000 rpm for fives minutes. This pellet was plated onto CHROM agar medium plates and incubated at 37°C for at least 3-4 days. CHROM agar plates were visualized daily at 24 hours, 72 hours and followed up to seven days to check for growth. Candida speciation was done by counting the different coloured creamy colonies. Comparison of Candida spp. between two groups was done by applying the Student's t-test. A p-value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS All the species of Candida, namely, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida dubliniensis, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis except for Candida tropicalis showed a significantly higher (p<0.001) occurrence in the diabetic group compared to the healthy group. The highest identified species is C. parapsilosis, second being C. albicans in both the groups. CONCLUSION C. parapsilosis is now considered as one of the significant causes of Candida infection in the oral cavity. This increased virulence will affect the global burden of Candidiasis as few treatment options are available for this new pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Sharma
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, K.M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Krupa Patel
- Intern, Department of Oral Pathology, K.M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Vandana Shah
- Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, K.M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Surabhi Sinha
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology, K.M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Vishnu Pratap Singh Rathore
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, K.M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Garbowska M, Łukaszuk B, Mikłosz A, Wróblewski I, Kurek K, Ostrowska L, Chabowski A, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Zalewska A. Sphingolipids metabolism in the salivary glands of rats with obesity and streptozotocin induced diabetes. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2766-2775. [PMID: 28369933 PMCID: PMC5518447 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is considered a major public health problem affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Remarkably, scientific reports regarding salivary glands sphingolipid metabolism in diabetes are virtually non‐existent. This is odd given the well‐established link between the both in other tissues (e.g., skeletal muscles, liver) and the key role of these glands in oral health preservation. The aim of this paper is to examine sphingolipids metabolism in the salivary glands in (pre)diabetes (evoked by high fat diet feeding or streptozotocin). Wistar rats were allocated into three groups: control, HFD‐, or STZ‐diabetes. The content of major sphingolipid classes in the parotid (PSG) and submandibular (SMSG) glands was assessed via chromatography. Additionally, Western blot analyses were employed for the evaluation of key sphingolipid signaling pathway enzyme levels. No changes in ceramide content in the PSG were found, whereas an increase in ceramide concentration for SMSG of the STZ group was observed. This was accompanied by an elevation in SPT1 level. Probably also sphingomyelin hydrolysis was increased in the SMSG of the STZ‐diabetic rats, since we observed a significant drop in the amount of SM. PSG and SMSG respond differently to (pre)diabetes, with clearer pattern presented by the later gland. An activation of sphingomyelin signaling pathway was observed in the course of STZ‐diabetes, that is, metabolic condition with rapid onset/progression. Whereas, chronic HFD lead to an inhibition of sphingomyelin signaling pathway in the salivary glands (manifested in an inhibition of ceramide de novo synthesis and accumulation of S1P).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garbowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Łukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Igor Wróblewski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kurek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Lucyna Ostrowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Viswanath B, Choi CS, Lee K, Kim S. Recent trends in the development of diagnostic tools for diabetes mellitus using patient saliva. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Monteiro MM, D'Epiro TTS, Bernardi L, Fossati ACM, Santos MFD, Lamers ML. Long- and short-term diabetes mellitus type 1 modify young and elder rat salivary glands morphology. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 73:40-47. [PMID: 27664563 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study we performed a temporal analysis of the effects of Diabetes Mellitus on morphology and laminin deposition in salivary glands of young (2 months-old) and aging (12 months-old) male Wistar rats, using immunohistochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals were divided in control and diabetic (Streptozotocin induced) groups and euthanized after short and long-term diabetes induction. RESULTS Short-term induction led to vacuolization of parotid acinar cells and increased laminin deposition in both animal ages. In young rats, no difference was observed between short or long-term diabetes regarding laminin deposition, but parotid acinar cells vacuolization was more discrete after long-term diabetes. A slight decrease of submandibular gland convoluted granular ducts was observed in young and elder diabetic animal ages. In diabetic aging rats was observed an increase of laminin content only in the parotid gland. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that some Diabetes Mellitus effects on salivary glands are not progressive over time, possibly due to the existence of adaptive mechanisms in response to chronic hyperglycemia. They also show that the duration of the disease was more relevant to the morphological effects than the age, although it is known that aging per se affects salivary gland morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Mirim Monteiro
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lisiane Bernardi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Hsu PC, Huang YC, Chiang JY, Chang HH, Liao PY, Lo LC. The association between arterial stiffness and tongue manifestations of blood stasis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:324. [PMID: 27567605 PMCID: PMC5002208 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a hypercoagulable state and is associated with highly increased risk of vascular complications. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), these vascular complications are classified as blood stasis. Diagnosis of the tongue plays an important role in TCM; a bluish tongue, petechiae, and engorged sublingual collateral vessels are manifestations of blood stasis. This study aimed to characterize the tongue manifestations of blood stasis and derive a relationship between blood stasis and vascular disorders in patients with type 2 DM. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional study of 140 patients with type 2 DM, and compared demography, laboratory, physical examination, ankle brachial index(ABI), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV), and tongue manifestation datas. An automatic tongue diagnosis system was used to capture tongue images and characterize clinical tongue manifestations. RESULTS A bluish or petechiae tongue was assoicated with a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein level, and bluish tongue was associated with significant increase in blood triglyceride in patients with type 2 DM. On assessing arterial stiffness, patients with a petechiae tongue had a higher ba-PWV for both sides (L:1938.41 ± 469.54 cm/sec v.s.1723.99 ± 302.16, p = 0.02; R:1937.28 ± 405.55 v.s.1741.99 ± 325.82, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Blood stasis, particularly a tongue with petechiae, may be associated with arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 DM. Furthermore, tongue diagnosis could detect blood stasis relevant to DM and could serve as a feasible predictor for DM.
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Teshome A, Yitayeh A. The effect of periodontal therapy on glycemic control and fasting plasma glucose level in type 2 diabetic patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2016; 17:31. [PMID: 27473177 PMCID: PMC4967318 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic mellitus and periodontal disease have bilateral associations. However, there is a dilemma on the effect of periodontal therapy on glycemic control and/or fasting plasma glucose level in type 2 diabetic patients with periodontitis. Therefore, this review aimed to assess the effectiveness of periodontal therapy versus no periodontal therapy on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose level in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Article searching was done using four databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane library (CENTRAL), EMBASE and CINAHL) and a manual search (until December 2015). We included randomized controlled trials testing the effectiveness of periodontal therapy on glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose level in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus with periodontal disease. Studies published in English between 2005 and 2015 were included. Risk of bias was assessed regarding randomization, allocation sequence concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and other biases. Results After the article selection process, seven Randomized controlled trials involving 940 participants with a primary outcome of change in glycated hemoglobin and/or fasting plasma glucose and having a minimum of 3 months follow-up were included. There was a reduction of glycated hemoglobin 0.48(95 % CI: 0.18–0.78) after 3 months follow-up and 0.53 (95 % CI: 0.24–0.81) at the end of the intervention period. There was also a significant reduction of fasting plasma glucose level, 8.95 mg/dl (95 % CI: 4.30–13.61) in the intervention group after the end of the intervention. The pooled analysis showed that patients with adjunctive antibiotic therapy and mouth wash had effect size of 0.51(0.03, 1.00, p = 0.04) and it was 0.53 (95 % CI: 0.19, 0.87; p = 0.002) in patients without adjunctive therapy. The publication bias of the studies was 0.066 according to Egger’s test. Conclusion In this systematic review and meta-analysis, there is a significant reduction of Glycated hemoglobin and Fasting plasma glucose level on type 2 diabetic and periodontal patients with non-surgical periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amare Teshome
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia.
| | - Asmare Yitayeh
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Lima-Aragão MVV, de Oliveira-Junior JDJ, Maciel MCG, Silva LA, do Nascimento FRF, Guerra RNM. Salivary profile in diabetic patients: biochemical and immunological evaluation. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:103. [PMID: 26879274 PMCID: PMC4754859 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-1881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical and immunological characteristics of saliva from diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic adults. METHODS Eighty-eight diabetic adults and 39 non-diabetic adults (control) were included in the study. Glucose, urea, calcium, total protein and amylase were determined by a colorimetric method. The levels of secretory IgA and the IgA anti-Streptococcus mutans and anti-insulin IgA antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Caries status was evaluated using the DMFT index. RESULTS Glucose, urea, calcium, anti-S. mutans IgA, total IgA, and anti-insulin IgA were significantly higher in diabetic patients, whereas total protein and amylase levels were lower in these patients. There was no positive correlation between blood and salivary glucose levels in either group. Diabetic patients had a higher DMFT index. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed for the first time that IgA levels in diabetic patients'saliva, shows correlation with systemic biochemical parameters. Thus the saliva is an useful tool to follow the systemic health status in these patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Amylases/analysis
- Amylases/immunology
- Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis
- Calcium/analysis
- Case-Control Studies
- Dental Caries/complications
- Dental Caries/immunology
- Dental Caries/metabolism
- Dental Caries/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Female
- Glucose/analysis
- Glucose/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis
- Insulin/analysis
- Insulin/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Saliva/chemistry
- Saliva/immunology
- Salivary Proteins and Peptides/analysis
- Salivary Proteins and Peptides/immunology
- Streptococcus mutans/immunology
- Urea/analysis
- Urea/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Virginia Viegas Lima-Aragão
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Campus Universitário do Bacanga, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), 1966-Centro, São Luís, MA, 65080, Brazil.
| | - João de Jesus de Oliveira-Junior
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Campus Universitário do Bacanga, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), 1966-Centro, São Luís, MA, 65080, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Cristina Gonçalves Maciel
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Campus Universitário do Bacanga, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), 1966-Centro, São Luís, MA, 65080, Brazil.
| | - Lucilene Amorim Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Campus Universitário do Bacanga, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), 1966-Centro, São Luís, MA, 65080, Brazil.
| | | | - Rosane Nassar Meireles Guerra
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Campus Universitário do Bacanga, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), 1966-Centro, São Luís, MA, 65080, Brazil.
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González-Serrano J, Serrano J, López-Pintor RM, Paredes VM, Casañas E, Hernández G. Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Disorders in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Compared with a Control Group. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:5048967. [PMID: 27847829 PMCID: PMC5099460 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5048967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with impaired wound healing and higher susceptibility to infections. It is unclear whether patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) present more oral mucosal disorders compared to control groups. The objectives were to compare (a) the prevalence rates of oral mucosal disorders in the DM and non-DM population and (b) the prevalence rates of specific disorders in the DM and non-DM population. Full-text articles were included if they met the following inclusion criteria: (a) they must be original articles from scientific journals, (b) they must be only cross-sectional studies in English, (c) the prevalence of oral mucosal disorders in DM patients must be evaluated, (d) results must be compared with a healthy control group, and (e) oral mucosal disorders must be specified in DM and non-DM group. All studies showed higher prevalence of oral mucosal disorders in DM patients in relation to non-DM population: 45-88% in type 2 DM patients compared to 38.3-45% in non-DM groups and 44.7% in type 1 DM patients compared to 25% in non-DM population. Tongue alterations and denture stomatitis were the most frequent significant disorders observed. The quality assessment following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Prevalence Critical Appraisal Tool showed the low quality of the existing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José González-Serrano
- Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Serrano
- Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa María López-Pintor
- Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Manuel Paredes
- Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Casañas
- Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Hernández
- Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- *Gonzalo Hernández:
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Sasaki H, Hirai K, Martins CM, Furusho H, Battaglino R, Hashimoto K. Interrelationship Between Periapical Lesion and Systemic Metabolic Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22:2204-15. [PMID: 26881444 PMCID: PMC4856634 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160216145107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periapical periodontitis, also known as periapical lesion, is a common dental disease, along with periodontitis (gum disease). Periapical periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, caused by endodontic infection, and its development is regulated by the host immune/inflammatory response. Metabolic disorders, which are largely dependent on life style such as eating habits, have been interpreted as a "metabolically-triggered" low-grade systemic inflammation and may interact with periapical periodontitis by triggering immune modulation. The host immune system is therefore considered the common fundamental mechanism of both disease conditions. METHOD We have reviewed >200 articles to discuss the interrelationship between periapical lesions and metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), and their common pathological background in immunology/osteoimmunology and cytokine biology. RESULTS An elevated inflammatory state caused by metabolic disorders can impact the clinical outcome of periapical lesions and interfere with wound healing after endodontic treatment. Although additional well-designed clinical studies are needed, periapical lesions appear to affect insulin sensitivity and exacerbate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. CONCLUSION Immune regulatory cytokines produced by various cell types, including immune cells and adipose tissue, play an important role in this interrelationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Sasaki
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02494, U.S.A.
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Shirzaiy M, Heidari F, Dalirsani Z, Dehghan J. Estimation of salivary sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and urea in type II diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2015; 9:332-336. [PMID: 25470630 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2013.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disease due to insufficiency production of insulin that is associated with altered quantity and quality in salivary secretion. Alteration in saliva can reflect the changes in patients' blood. The collection of saliva is easy therefore; the assessment of saliva is suitable for screening tests of large population. The study aimed at evaluate some elements in diabetic patients' saliva. METHODS A total of 25 diabetic patients and age-sex matched control group enrolled into the study. Absorbance spectrophotometer technique was used for assessment of some salivary elements. RESULTS The assessment of saliva showed that diabetics had unstimulated salivary flow rate of 0.18 ± 0.14 mL/min compared to 0.30 ± 0.12 mL/min for healthy individuals (P<0.01). Secretion of potassium and urea to saliva was significantly higher in diabetics compared to healthy group (P<0.05). In contrast calcium, sodium and phosphorus concentration was not significantly different in two groups. The level of salivary urea, potassium and phosphorus was significantly elevated in diabetic males compared to healthy males and the level of salivary calcium in diabetic females was significantly reduced compared to healthy females (P<0.05). There was not any significant difference in salivary sodium of healthy and diabetic persons according to gender (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The finding showed that there were some alterations in salivary elements in diabetic patients even in well-controlled subjects compared to healthy group. Moreover, some salivary elements concentrations were various in diabetic and healthy subjects regarding to the sex. Assessment of salivary composition could be beneficial in oral health evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Shirzaiy
- Assistant Professor of Oral Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Zahedan Dental School, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heidari
- Assistant Professor of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Zahedan Medical School, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Dalirsani
- Assistant Professor of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Javid Dehghan
- Assistant Professor of Community Medicine, Department of Health, Zahedan Medical School, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Lilliu MA, Loy F, Cossu M, Solinas P, Isola R, Isola M. Morphometric Study of Diabetes Related Alterations in Human Parotid Gland and Comparison with Submandibular Gland. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:1911-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Loy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - Margherita Cossu
- Department of Surgical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - Paola Solinas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - Raffaella Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - Michela Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
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Oz ZS, Bektas S, Battal F, Atmaca H, Ermis B. Nuclear morphometric and morphological analysis of exfoliated buccal and tongue dorsum cells in type-1 diabetic patients. J Cytol 2014; 31:139-43. [PMID: 25538382 PMCID: PMC4274524 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.145642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus type 1 that results from immunologically mediated damage to the β-cells in the pancreas. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by recurrent or persistent hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can be associated with salivary gland dysfunction and alterations in the oral epithelial cells. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative changes in buccal and tongue dorsum epithelial cells using an exfoliative cytology method in type 1 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: We performed light microscopic analysis of the buccal and tongue dorsum smears in thirty type 1 diabetic patients and thirty healthy individuals. The oral smears were stained using Papanicolaou method for cytological examination and nuclear morphometric analysis. In each case, the mean nuclear area, perimeter, length, breadth, and roundness factor were evaluated in each smear using the image analysis software (Q Win, Leica™). Results: The nuclear area, length, breadth, and perimeters were significantly higher in the diabetic group from tongue dorsum smear than that of the control group (P < 0.05). In the cytological examination, karyorrhexis-karyolysis-karyopyknosis, binucleation, nuclear membrane irregularity, cytoplasmic polymorphism, perinuclear halo were observed in oral smears with type 1 diabetic patients. Binucleation (P = 0.002) and nuclear membrane irregularity (P = 0.024) were significantly more common in buccal smears of diabetic group. Furthermore, the sensitivity of buccal mucosa was significantly higher in the diabetic group (P = 0.006). Conclusion: The light microscopic and nuclear morphometric study indicates that type 1 diabetes can produce morphological and nuclear morphometric changes in the oral mucosa that are noticeable with exfoliative cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Safi Oz
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Sibel Bektas
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Fatih Battal
- Department of Pediatrics, Sammas Vehbi Ekecik Women Health and Children Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Hulusi Atmaca
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Bahri Ermis
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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Radović K, Ilić J, Roganović J, Stojić D, Brković B, Pudar G. Denture stomatitis and salivary vascular endothelial growth factor in immediate complete denture wearers with type 2 diabetes. J Prosthet Dent 2014; 111:373-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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45
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Diabetes with pyogenic liver abscess—A perspective on tongue assessment in traditional Chinese medicine. Complement Ther Med 2014; 22:341-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Preoteasa E, Tâncu AM, Iosif L, Melescanu Imre M, Murariu-Măgureanu C, Preoteasa CT. Salivary changes related to systemic diseases in the edentulous patients. J Med Life 2014; 7:577-80. [PMID: 25713626 PMCID: PMC4316143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relatively frequent systemic comorbidities of geriatric patients can be linked to salivary changes, which may induce oral alteration and discomfort with the removable prosthesis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the salivary parameters in completely edentulous patients treated by removable prosthesis, in relation to their general health status. MATERIAL AND METHOD A cross-sectional study was performed on 30 completely edentulous patients, 53% male and 47% female, aged between 53 and 84. The evaluation of the salivary parameters (oral hydration index, pH and salivary flow, viscosity and saliva buffer capacity) was performed with the Saliva Check Buffer kit (GC Corporation). RESULTS The salivary changes encountered were the following: low hydration level (63%), high saliva viscosity (57%), below-average pH (27%), reduced salivary flow (77%) and low saliva buffer capacity (80%). A reduced salivary flow and saliva buffer capacity was found in women. A lower buffer capacity of the saliva was found in patients with respiratory and gastro-intestinal disease. CONCLUSIONS The alterations of the salivary flow are relatively frequent in geriatric patients, removable denture wearers, with compromised systemic status. These changes may be a risk factor for denture stomatitis and oral candidiasis, with a negative effect on the patient's comfort and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Preoteasa
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest
| | - AM Tâncu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest
| | - L Iosif
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest
| | - M Melescanu Imre
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest
| | - C Murariu-Măgureanu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest
| | - CT Preoteasa
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Ergonomics, Scientific Research Methodology, Faculty of Dental Medicine,
“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest
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Kispélyi B, Lohinai Z, Altdorfer K, Fehér E. Neuropeptide analysis of oral mucosa in diabetic rats. Neuroimmunomodulation 2014; 21:213-20. [PMID: 24514075 DOI: 10.1159/000356949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence indicates that different neuropeptide-containing nerve elements are involved in the immune system and influence the inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological localization and distribution of the different immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers and immunocompetent cells in the oral mucosa (e.g. tongue, gingiva) and compare the results with data received from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The different nerve elements and immunocytes were detected by ABC immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The IR nerve fibers were found in the tunica propria of oral mucosa with different densities. These IR nerve fibers were mainly located beneath the epithelial lining, around the blood vessels and glands, and some of them were also located in the taste buds. After 2 weeks of STZ treatment the total number of IR nerve fibers, especially the SP and neuropeptide Y (NPY) IR ones, was significantly increased (p < 0.05), as was also the number of immunocytes (lymphocytes, plasma cells, mast cells). Some of these cells also showed immunoreactivity for substance P (SP) and NPY. In several cases the SP IR nerve fibers were found in close proximity to the immunocytes. Electron microscopic investigation also revealed the close association between the IR nerve fibers and immunocompetent cells where the gap was 1 µm or even less. CONCLUSIONS The close anatomical associations suggest communication between nerve fibers and immune cells which can be crucial for maintaining mucosal homeostasis and for ensuring an appropriate response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kispélyi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Mohsin SF, Ahmed SA, Fawwad A, Basit A. Prevalence of oral mucosal alterations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending a diabetic center. Pak J Med Sci 2014; 30:716-9. [PMID: 25097503 PMCID: PMC4121684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore an association between oral mucosal alterations and type 2 Diabetes mellitus. METHODS This study was conducted at Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology and Baqai Medical University from September 2010 to September 2012. A total of 800 individuals' 395 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 405 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. An oral clinical examination was carried out for all participants using a mouth mirror, visible light source and cotton gauze. RESULTS The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was high significantly < 0.0001; odd ratio 2.601, CI 1.929-3.509 in type 2 diabetic as compared to non-diabetic. With respect to specific oral mucosal lesions, highly significant association p<0.0001; Odd ratio 4.275, CI 2.798-6.534 was found between coated tongue with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study did not find any association (p>0.05) between type 2 diabetes mellitus and potentially malignant disorders. CONCLUSION This study showed that the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was higher in type 2 diabetic than non-diabetics. This study provides evidence that diabetes has a negative influence on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Fareed Mohsin
- Syed Fareed Mohsin, BDS, MSc (London), MFD RCS(Ireland), MFDS RCPSG, PhD, Department of Oral Medicine/Oral Pathology, Baqai Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Azhar Ahmed
- Syed Azhar Ahmed, MBBS, PhD (London),FRC, Path.(London), FCPS (Pak), Director Post graduate Education, Baqai Medical University Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asher Fawwad
- Asher Fawwad, MBBS, MPhil, Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit
- Abdul Basit, MBBS, FRCP, Director Baqai institute of Diabetology and Endocrinilogy, Karachi, Pakistan
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Sanitá PV, Zago CE, Pavarina AC, Jorge JH, Machado AL, Vergani CE. Enzymatic activity profile of a Brazilian culture collection of Candida albicans isolated from diabetics and non-diabetics with oral candidiasis. Mycoses 2013; 57:351-7. [PMID: 24329754 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The secretion of hydrolytic enzymes is a fundamental virulence factor of Candida albicans to develop disease. The objective of this study was to characterise the virulence of 148 clinical isolates of C. albicans from oral candidiasis by assessing the expression of phospholipase (PL) and secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP). Isolates were obtained from healthy subjects (HS) and diabetics (DOC) and non-diabetics with oral candidiasis (NDOC). An aliquot (5 μl) of each cell suspension was inoculated on PL and SAP agar plates and incubated. Enzymes secretion was detected by the formation of an opaque halo around the colonies and enzymatic activity (PZ) was determined by the ratio between colony diameter and colony diameter plus the halo zone. Statistical comparisons were made by a one-way anova followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). The clinical sources of C. albicans had significant effect (P < 0.001) on the PZ values of both enzymes. For PL, clinical isolates from NDOC and DOC had highest enzymatic activity than those from HS (P < 0.05), with no significant differences between them (P = 0.506). For SAP, C. albicans from NDOC showed the lower enzymatic activity (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between isolates from HS and DOC (P = 0.7051). C. albicans isolates from NDOC and DOC patients showed an increased production of PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista. Rua Humaitá, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Sanitá PV, Mima EGDO, Pavarina AC, Jorge JH, Machado AL, Vergani CE. Susceptibility profile of a Brazilian yeast stock collection of Candida species isolated from subjects with Candida-associated denture stomatitis with or without diabetes. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 116:562-9. [PMID: 24055150 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the susceptibility of 198 clinical isolates of Candida species against caspofungin, amphotericin B, itraconazole, and fluconazole. STUDY DESIGN Suspensions of the microorganisms were spread on Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) agar plates. Etest strips were placed on the plates, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was read after incubation (48 h at 37 °C). Data were analyzed by a factorial analysis of variance and a 2 × 2 post hoc test (α = .05). RESULTS C glabrata showed the highest MIC values (P < .001) against caspofungin, itraconazole, and fluconazole. For amphotericin B, the MIC values of C tropicalis and C glabrata (P = .0521) were higher than those of C albicans (P < .001). Itraconazole was the least effective antifungal; 93.3% of the C glabrata isolates, 3.3% of the C albicans, and 1.3% of the C tropicalis were resistant. All microorganisms were susceptible to caspofungin and amphotericin B. CONCLUSIONS Caspofungin and amphotericin B should be recommended as an effective alternative for the management of oral Candida infections when treatment with topical or other systemic drugs has definitely failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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