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Wang L, Norman I, Edleston V, Oyo C, Leamy M. The Effectiveness and Implementation of Psychological First Aid as a Therapeutic Intervention After Trauma: An Integrative Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:2638-2656. [PMID: 38281196 PMCID: PMC11370167 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231221492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Psychological First Aid (PFA) is known to be an initial early intervention following traumatic exposure, yet little is known about its optimal implementation and effectiveness. This review aims to examine the evidence for the effectiveness of PFA interventions and how PFA interventions have been designed, implemented, and experienced. MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, PsychINFO, Embase, Web of Science, PILOTS, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (in Chinese) databases were searched. Twenty studies from 4,735 records were included and quality rated, followed by an integrative synthesis of quantitative and qualitative evidence. PFA intervention following trauma exposure shows a positive effect for reducing anxiety and facilitating adaptive functioning in the immediate and intermediate term, yet the evidence for reducing Post-traumatic stress disorder/depressive symptoms is less compelling. Furthermore, commonalities in the components and techniques across different PFA approaches identified tend to align with four of Hobfoll's five essential elements: safety, calm, efficacy, and connectedness (as reflected among 7/11 PFA protocols), whereas the "hope" element was less developed. These commonalities include active listening, relaxation/stabilization, problem-solving/practical assistance, and social connection/referral. Intensive techniques such as cognitive reconstruction have also been incorporated, intensifying PFA delivery. The substantial variation observed in PFA format, timing, and duration, coupled with inadequate documentation of fidelity of implementation and adaptation, further constrains the ability to inform best practices for PFA. This is concerning for lay frontline providers, vital in early trauma response, who report implementation challenges despite valuing PFA as a time-sensitive, supportive, and practical approach.
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Andersson H, Nieminen K, Malmquist A, Grundström H. Trauma-informed support after a complicated childbirth - An early intervention to reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress, fear of childbirth and mental illness. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2024; 41:101002. [PMID: 38963988 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2024.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women who experience obstetric interventions and complications during childbirth have an increased risk of developing postnatal post-traumatic stress and mental illness. This study aimed to test the effect of a trauma-informed support programme based on psychological first aid (PFA) to reduce the mothers' symptoms of stress, fear of childbirth (FOC), anxiety and depression after a complicated childbirth. METHODS The study population consisted of women ≥ 18 years old who had undergone a complicated childbirth (i.e. acute or emergency caesarean section, vacuum extraction, child in need of neonatal care, manual placenta removal, obstetric anal sphincter injury, shoulder dystocia or major haemorrhage (>1000 ml)). A total of 101 women participated in the study, of whom 43 received the intervention. Demographic questions and three self-assessment instruments measuring stress symptoms, FOC, anxiety and depression were answered one to three months after birth. RESULTS The women in the intervention group scored significantly lower on the stress symptom scale, with a halved median score compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding FOC, depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that this PFA-based support programme might reduce post-traumatic stress symptoms in women who have gone through a complicated childbirth. With further studies in a larger population, this support programme has the potential to contribute to improved maternal care optimizing postnatal mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Andersson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Katri Nieminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Norrköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Malmquist
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanna Grundström
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Norrköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Jones MS, Worthen MGF. Measuring the prevalence and impact of adverse childhood experiences in the lives of LGBTQ individuals: A much-needed expansion. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023:106560. [PMID: 38001009 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies indicate that LGBTQ people have extensive experiences with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), more so than their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. Research also shows that LGBTQ youth endure traumatic experiences with victimization, including bullying, harassment, and violence, based on their non-hetero-cis-normative genders and/or sexual identities. Yet, most ACE measurement strategies fail to: (1) explicitly link the risk of ACE exposure to the discrimination and stigmatization of LGBTQ people, and (2) account for the breadth of potential ACE exposure in LGBTQ populations. OBJECTIVE In the current article, we develop and present a more comprehensive ACE measurement strategy for understanding the cumulative and deleterious impacts of ACEs in the lives of LGBTQ individuals. METHODS Here, we offer three expansions to the current ACE framework: (1) the inclusion of an LGBTQ-specific ACE in addition to the standard ACE measures, (2) the addition of LGBTQ qualifiers for current ACE items (when applicable), and (3) the expansion of ACE measures to capture the unique ACE experiences of LGBTQ individuals in family life, schools, and faith communities. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of a more comprehensive ACE measurement strategy will assist scholars and policymakers in better understanding the impacts of ACEs in the lives of LGBTQ individuals. In all, ACE measurement strategies that capture the breath of exposure of ACEs in the lives of LGBTQ individuals will assist in ACE screening, public health policy, and clinical intervention efforts.
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Lotzin A, Franc de Pommereau A, Laskowsky I. Promoting Recovery from Disasters, Pandemics, and Trauma: A Systematic Review of Brief Psychological Interventions to Reduce Distress in Adults, Children, and Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5339. [PMID: 37047954 PMCID: PMC10094700 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A substantial number of survivors of disasters, pandemics, and other severe stressors develop persistent distress that impairs mental health and well-being. However, only a few brief psychological interventions target distress or subclinical symptoms. This systematic review aimed to identify and describe brief psychological interventions to reduce distress or subclinical symptoms in survivors of disasters, pandemics, and other severe stressors. Based on a systematic literature search (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, PTSDpubs, and Web of Science), we reviewed published studies and study protocols on self-help, psychosocial support, or brief psychotherapeutic interventions to reduce distress and/or subclinical symptoms following natural hazards and man-made disasters, pandemics, or other traumatic events. We included 27 published studies or study protocols (n = 15 RCTs, n = 3 controlled pre-post studies, and n = 9 uncontrolled pre-post studies) describing 22 interventions. We found evidence for reducing psychological distress and/or subclinical symptoms in 9 out of 15 RCTs, 2 out of 3 controlled pre-post studies, and 9 out of 9 uncontrolled pre-post studies. One RCT provided evidence of increasing well-being. Innovative brief interventions have been developed to reduce distress and/or subclinical symptoms that have an emerging evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Lotzin
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alicia Franc de Pommereau
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Laskowsky
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
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Ramirez MR, Ryan A, Harding AB, Renfro T, Church TR, Rosebush C, Trotter AG, Xiong BN, Gonzalez J, Woods-Jaeger B. Link for Equity, a community-engaged waitlist randomized controlled trial of a culturally responsive trauma-informed care program for BIPOC students: Design features and characteristics of baseline sample. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 126:107090. [PMID: 36681238 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Link for Equity is a multi-tiered, school-based program of trauma-informed care and cultural humility designed to reduce the impact of Adverse Child Experiences among Black Indigenous and other children of color (BIPOC). This report describes the program, its trial design, and the study participants' baseline characteristics. METHODS We designed a nested waitlist-controlled trial to evaluate Link for Equity's effectiveness in reducing school violence among BIPOC students. Three pairs of school districts, matched on suspension rates and enrollment of Black/African American, Hispanic/Latinx, and American Indian/Alaska Native children, were randomized into either an intervention or delayed intervention (waitlist control) group. A community-engaged approach guided the development of protocols. Within intervention sites, BIPOC students who screened positive for ACEs or posttraumatic stress were also randomized into an immediate and waitlist control group to receive additional one-on-one support from trained school staff. RESULTS The trial was implemented from 2019 to 2021, which overlapped with the pandemic and civil unrest in Minnesota. At baseline, 444 staff and 188 students enrolled in the study. Over a quarter of American Indian/Alaska Native students, 18% of multiple race, 12% of Black/African American, 14% of Hispanic/Latinx students reported 4+ ACEs. Between 44 and 53% of all the BIPOC students in the study were symptomatic for PTSD. Of the enrolled students, 78.7% qualified for one-on-one Link support. CONCLUSION We implemented a multilevel waitlist-controlled trial of Link for Equity using community-engaged methods. Despite school closures during the pandemic, the study persisted with its methods now being employed in an expanded cohort of middle schools. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04026477, NCT04026490).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marizen R Ramirez
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Andrew Ryan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alyson B Harding
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tiffaney Renfro
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy R Church
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christina Rosebush
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexis Grimes Trotter
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bao Nhia Xiong
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, Bemidji State University, Bemidji, MN, USA
| | - Briana Woods-Jaeger
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Pawils S, Heumann S, Schneider SA, Metzner F, Mays D. The current state of international research on the effectiveness of school nurses in promoting the health of children and adolescents: An overview of reviews. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0275724. [PMID: 36812235 PMCID: PMC9946271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE School nurses are engaging worldwide to promote and protect children's health. Many researchers who examined the effectiveness of the school nurse criticized the inadequate methodology employed in many of the studies. We therefore carried out an evaluation on the effectiveness of school nurses based on a rigorous methodological approach. METHODS In this overview of reviews we performed an electronic databank search and global research results on the effectiveness of school nurses were sought. We identified 1,494 records through database search. Abstracts and full texts were screened and summarized using the dual control principle. We summarized the aspects of quality criteria as well as the significance of the effectiveness of the school nurse. In the first step, k = 16 systematic reviews were summarized and evaluated following the AMSTAR-2 guidelines. In a second step, j = 357 primary studies included in these k = 16 reviews were summarized and assessed following the GRADE guidelines. RESULTS Research results on the effectiveness of school nurses show that school nurses play a key role in improving the health of children with asthma (j = 6) and diabetes (j = 2), results on combating obesity are less certain (j = 6). The quality of identified reviews is mostly very low with only six studies of medium quality, of which one identified as a meta-analysis. A total of j = 289 primary studies were identified. Approximately 25% (j = 74) of identified primary studies were either randomized controlled trials (RCT) or observational studies, of which roughly 20% (j = 16) had a low risk of bias. Studies with physiological variables such as blood glucose or asthma labeling led to higher quality results. CONCLUSION This paper represents an initial contribution and recommends further evaluation of the effectiveness of school nurses, particularly in the areas of mental health or children from low socioeconomic backgrounds. The general lack of quality standards in school nursing research should be integrated into the scientific discourse of school nursing researchers to provide robust evidence for policy planners and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Pawils
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Susanne Heumann
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Alina Schneider
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franka Metzner
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Professorship for Educational Science with a Focus on Special Education ("Emotional and Social Development"), University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Daniel Mays
- Professorship for Educational Science with a Focus on Special Education ("Emotional and Social Development"), University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
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Jackson DB, Jones MS, Semenza DC, Testa A. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adolescent Delinquency: A Theoretically Informed Investigation of Mediators during Middle Childhood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3202. [PMID: 36833897 PMCID: PMC9959059 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study are twofold. First, we explore the associations between cumulative ACEs at ages 5 and 7 and delinquency at age 14 in a national sample of youth in the United Kingdom (UK). Second, we explore the role of five theoretically relevant mediators in explaining this relationship. METHODS Analyses were based on data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study-a prospective, longitudinal birth-cohort study of more than 18,000 individuals in the United Kingdom. RESULTS The results indicate that early ACEs are significantly associated with adolescent delinquency, with effects becoming significantly larger as ACEs accumulate. Findings also reveal that child property delinquency, substance use, low self-control, unstructured socializing, and parent-child attachment at age 11 all significantly mediate the relationship between early ACEs and delinquency in adolescence, with early delinquency and low self-control emerging as the most robust mediators. CONCLUSIONS Findings point to a need for early ACEs screening and a Trauma-Informed Health Care (TIC) approach in early delinquency prevention efforts. Early intervention efforts that bolster child self-control and curtail early-onset problem behaviors may also disrupt pathways from ACEs to adolescent delinquency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B. Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Melissa S. Jones
- Sociology Department, College of Family, Home, and Social Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Daniel C. Semenza
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Rutgers, Camden, The State University of New Jersey, 405-7 Cooper Street, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Khan YS, Khan AW, Alabdulla M. The psychological impact of the Turkey-Syria earthquake on children: addressing the need for ongoing mental health support and global humanitarian response. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2249788. [PMID: 37682068 PMCID: PMC10494726 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2249788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This letter aims to explore the potential impact of the Turkey-Syria earthquake on the psychological well-being of the affected children and adolescents. It emphasises the crucial importance of prompt identification and management of emerging mental health disorders in this vulnerable population. The letter draws on existing research evidence to highlight the need for suitable mental health interventions to mitigate the anticipated suffering of many children and adolescents affected by the earthquake. A comprehensive overview of the mediating factors which may play a role in the extent of the impact of an earthquake on the mental health of children is discussed. A range of appropriate strategies and interventions are recommended and the call for continued global support is renewed. We have concluded that major earthquakes can potentially contribute to the development of mental health disorders among children and adolescents. However, by providing timely and effective support, it is possible to prevent long-term psychological consequences and facilitate early recovery. We propose the urgent implementation of effective mental health interventions in the aftermath of the Turkey-Syria earthquake to foster the recovery and resilience of the affected young population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Majid Alabdulla
- Mental Health Service Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Simonds EA, Gobenciong KAP, Wilson JE, Jiroutek MR, Nugent NR, van Tilburg MAL. Trauma Functioning and Well-Being in Children Who Receive Mental Health Aid after Natural Disaster or War. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9070951. [PMID: 35883935 PMCID: PMC9318825 DOI: 10.3390/children9070951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is worldwide consensus that providing secondary prevention to promote resilience and prevent mental health concerns after a disaster is important. However, data supporting this kind of intervention is largely lacking. The current study evaluates the effectiveness of OperationSAFE, an early intervention for children after community-wide trauma. Methods: Secondary data analyses of data collected during 158 OperationSAFE camps (a five day camp with a curriculum focused on coping with stressors) in five countries and ten disasters between 2015 and 2020 were performed. Data on child trauma-related functioning/well-being were collected by an OperationSAFE in-house developed symptom checklist and completed by counselors about children on the first and last day of the 5-day camp. Results: A total of 16,768 children participated in the camps (mean age 9.4 ± 2.36; 50% male). Trauma-related functioning/well-being improved from day 1 to day 5 (b = 8.44 ± 0.04; p < 0.0001). Older children improved more (b = 0.22 ± 0.01; p < 0.0001). Children in man-made ongoing trauma (war/refugees) situations responded stronger than those after natural disasters (b = 2.24 ± 0.05; p < 0.0001). Negligible effects for gender and the number of days between a traumatic event and the start of camp were found. Conclusions: This is the first study to show in a large and diverse sample that secondary prevention to promote resilience and prevent mental health concerns after a disaster for children is associated with improvements in trauma-related functioning/well-being. Delaying delivery of the intervention did not affect outcomes. Given the uncontrolled nature of the study and lack of long-term outcomes, more studies are needed to corroborate the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Simonds
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA; (E.A.S.); (K.A.P.G.); (M.R.J.)
| | - Katrina Arlene P. Gobenciong
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA; (E.A.S.); (K.A.P.G.); (M.R.J.)
| | | | - Michael R. Jiroutek
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA; (E.A.S.); (K.A.P.G.); (M.R.J.)
| | - Nicole R. Nugent
- The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Miranda A. L. van Tilburg
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-304-691-1760
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Ramirez MR, Flores JE, Woods-Jaeger B, Cavanaugh JE, Peek-Asa C, Branch C, Bolenbaugh M, Chande V, Pitcher G, Ortega HW, Randell KA, Wetjen K, Roth L, Kenardy J. Comparative Effectiveness of Parent-Based Interventions to Support Injured Children. Pediatrics 2021; 148:peds.2020-046920. [PMID: 34556547 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-046920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A comparative effectiveness trial tested 2 parent-based interventions in improving the psychosocial recovery of hospitalized injured children: (1) Link for Injured Kids (Link), a program of psychological first aid in which parents are taught motivational interviewing and stress-screening skills, and (2) Trauma Education, based on an informational booklet about trauma and its impacts and resources. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 4 children's hospitals in the Midwestern United States. Children aged 10 to 17 years admitted for an unintentional injury and a parent were recruited and randomly assigned to Link or Trauma Education. Parents and children completed questionnaires at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months posthospitalization. Using an intent-to-treat analysis, changes in child-reported posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, quality of life, and child behaviors were compared between intervention groups. RESULTS Of 795 injured children, 314 children and their parents were enrolled into the study (40%). Link and Trauma Education was associated with improved symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and pediatric quality of life at similar rates over time. However, unlike those in Trauma Education, children in the Link group had notable improvement of child emotional behaviors and mild improvement of conduct and peer behaviors. Compared with Trauma Education, Link was also associated with improved peer behaviors in rural children. CONCLUSION Although children in both programs had reduced posttrauma symptoms over time, Link children, whose parents were trained in communication and referral skills, exhibited a greater reduction in problem behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marizen R Ramirez
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota .,University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Briana Woods-Jaeger
- Mercy Children's Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri.,Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Henry W Ortega
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Psychological first aid (PFA) has been widely disseminated and promoted as an intervention to support short-term coping and long-term functioning after disasters. Despite its popularity, earlier reviews cite a startling lack of empirical outcome studies. The current review explores recent studies of PFA, especially pertaining to its use with children. RECENT FINDINGS Initial studies of PFA show that it is well received by youth, families, and providers as well as being linked to decreases in depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms, improved self-efficacy, increased knowledge about disaster preparedness and recovery, and enhanced feelings of safety and connection. The flexibility of the modular style of PFA and cultural adaptations emerged as significant themes. Although the studies reviewed cast a favorable light on PFA, more research is needed regarding its use and outcomes. This review describes the challenges to conducting these studies as well as suggestions for paths forward.
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Sim T, Wang A. Contextualization of Psychological First Aid: An Integrative Literature Review. J Nurs Scholarsh 2021; 53:189-197. [DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Sim
- Associate Professor S R Nathan School of Human Development Singapore University of Social Sciences Singapore
| | - Anni Wang
- Lecturer School of Nursing Fudan University Shanghai China
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13
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Crandall A, Broadbent E, Stanfill M, Magnusson BM, Novilla MLB, Hanson CL, Barnes MD. The influence of adverse and advantageous childhood experiences during adolescence on young adult health. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 108:104644. [PMID: 32795716 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research indicates that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can lead to poorer adult health, but less is known how advantageous childhood experiences (counter-ACEs) may neutralize the negative effects of ACEs, particularly in young adulthood. PURPOSE We examined the independent contributions of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Advantageous Childhood Experiences (counter-ACEs) that occur during adolescence on five young adult health indicators: depression, anxiety, risky sexual behaviors, substance abuse, and positive body image. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample included 489 adolescents from a large northwestern city in the United States who were 10-13 years at baseline (51 % female). METHODS Flourishing Families Project survey data were used for this secondary analysis using structural equation modeling. Adolescents and their parents completed an annual survey. ACEs and counter-ACEs were measured over the first five years of the study. The five health indicators were measured in wave 10 when participants were 20-23 years old. RESULTS Participants had on average 2.7 ACEs and 8.2 counter-ACEs. When both ACEs and counter-ACEs were included in the model, ACEs were not predictive of any of the health indicators and counter-ACEs were predictive of less risky sex (-.12, p < .05), substance abuse (-.12, p < .05), depression (-.11, p < .05), and a more positive body image (.15, p < .01). Higher ratios of counter-ACEs to ACEs had a particularly strong effect on improved young adult health. CONCLUSIONS Counter-ACEs that occur in adolescence may diminish the negative effects of ACEs on young adult health and independently contribute to better health.
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Affiliation(s)
- AliceAnn Crandall
- Brigham Young University, Department of Public Health, 4103 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
| | - Eliza Broadbent
- Brigham Young University, Department of Public Health, 4103 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
| | - Melissa Stanfill
- Brigham Young University, Department of Public Health, 4103 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
| | - Brianna M Magnusson
- Brigham Young University, Department of Public Health, 4103 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
| | - M Lelinneth B Novilla
- Brigham Young University, Department of Public Health, 4103 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
| | - Carl L Hanson
- Brigham Young University, Department of Public Health, 4103 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
| | - Michael D Barnes
- Brigham Young University, Department of Public Health, 4103 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
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Pastrana FA, Moreland AD, Milman EJ, Williams JL, delMas S, Rheingold AA. Interventions for child and adolescent survivors of intrafamilial homicide: A review of the literature. DEATH STUDIES 2020; 46:1206-1218. [PMID: 32807043 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1805819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nature of intrafamilial homicide is complex and traumatic. Child survivors are at significant risk for maladjustment, including negative psychological sequela, grief complications, and contextual challenges associated with the homicide. Thus, children may benefit from services addressing specific psychosocial challenges following intrafamilial homicide. In this paper, we review the literature to identify trauma- and grief-informed interventions implemented for youth following violent bereavement. Given limited research on this vulnerable population, we discuss interventions that show promise for child survivors, exploring specific needs, challenges, and potential implications of these interventions for treating children and families experiencing intrafamilial homicide bereavement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddie A Pastrana
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Angela D Moreland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Joah L Williams
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Sara delMas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alyssa A Rheingold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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15
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Shah K, Bedi S, Onyeaka H, Singh R, Chaudhari G. The Role of Psychological First Aid to Support Public Mental Health in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cureus 2020; 12:e8821. [PMID: 32742836 PMCID: PMC7384717 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological first aid (PFA) is one of the vital tools in delivering psychological interventions to those who have undergone or experienced traumatic events. Traumatic experiences during calamities, outbreaks of infections, and war can induce a significant amount of stress in the absence of early and effective intervention provided by trained caregivers. The coronavirus pandemic has caused significant levels of fear as governments impose quarantine and lockdown to contain the infection. Countries around the globe have halted several social and economic operations to curb the spread of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). However, panic, helplessness, and horror aided by the infection due to the lack of a definitive cure has exposed the population to significant mental distress, thus warranting psychological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Shah
- Psychiatry, Griffin Memorial Hospital, Norman, USA
| | | | - Henry Onyeaka
- Psychiatry, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Romil Singh
- Internal Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital, Jaipur, IND
| | - Gaurav Chaudhari
- Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
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16
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Kottenstette S, Segal R, Roeder V, Rochford H, Schnieders E, Bayman L, McKissic DA, Dahlberg GJ, Krewer R, Chambliss J, Theurer JL, Oral R. Two-generational trauma-informed assessment improves documentation and service referral frequency in a child protection program. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 101:104327. [PMID: 31855665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two-generational trauma-informed assessment (TIA) helps providers conduct holistic family well-being assessment (FWbA). This tool makes it possible to use families' trauma history in the case-finding process. OBJECTIVE This study compares the documentation and frequency of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and service referral rates for index children and their caretakers in two groups of families evaluated in a child abuse clinic (CAC). PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample consisted of 364 children stratified into two groups: Group 1 - children seen in the CAC after implementation of FWbA in years 2014, 2015, 2016 and Group 2 - children seen in the CAC prior to implementation of FWbA in years 2011, 2012, 2013. METHODS Researchers utilized retrospective chart review method and analyzed data regarding ACEs and service referrals for patients and their caregivers. RESULTS Documentation of ACEs was higher in Group 1 for children (77.7 % vs 26.6 %,p < 0.0001) and caretakers (60.7 % vs 7.3 % p < 0.0001). Caretakers in Group 1 had a higher rate of four or more ACEs (47.0 % vs 5.1 % p < 0.001) while the increase for children was not statistically significant (61.4 % vs 51.1 %, p = 0.110). Both children and caretakers were referred to more services in Group 1 (2.7 + 1.5 vs 1.5 + 1.3, and 3.0 + 1.9 vs 1.2 + 1.2, respectively, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In families evaluated for child abuse and neglect, conducting TIA in addition to conventional psychosocial evaluation increased documentation regarding trauma history, which led to increased referral rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kottenstette
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Rachel Segal
- Carver College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 100 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Victoria Roeder
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Hannah Rochford
- College of Public Health, Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Iowa, 145 N. Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Eric Schnieders
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Levent Bayman
- College of Public Health, Clinical Trials Statistical & Data Management Center, University of Iowa, 2400 University Capital Centre, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Devin A McKissic
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Greta J Dahlberg
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Rebecca Krewer
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - James Chambliss
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; College of Public Health, Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Iowa, 145 N. Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Theurer
- Stead Family Children's Hospital, Child Protection Program, University of Iowa, 100 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Resmiye Oral
- Carver College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 100 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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17
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Woods-Jaeger BA, Sexton CC, Branch C, Bolenbaugh M, Roth L, Stelson EA, Braaten N, Ramirez M. Engaging parent-child dyad and healthcare provider stakeholders in a patient-centered comparative effectiveness study. J Comp Eff Res 2019; 8:721-732. [PMID: 31290702 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2018-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Describe engagement activities in a comparative effectiveness study evaluating two interventions for promoting psychosocial health among youth ages 10-17 who have recently experienced a nonintentional injury. Methods: Institutional, community and patient stakeholders from four children's hospitals were engaged through consultation meetings, individual interviews and a collaborative meeting. Results: 67 engagement activities were conducted across four hospitals. Feedback to improve recruitment, retention and continuous engagement in the study was obtained. Finally, disseminating study interventions to school and healthcare settings, and adding alternative delivery formats were identified as priority next steps. Conclusion: Results highlight diverse methods of engaging patient and professional stakeholders, critical recommendations for improving study engagement and retention, and future directions for this patient-engaged comparative effectiveness research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana A Woods-Jaeger
- Developmental and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.,Emory University, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chris C Sexton
- Developmental and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.,Kansas Center for Anxiety Treatment (KCCAT), KS 66212, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa Roth
- University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA.,Blank Children's Hospital, IA 50309, USA
| | | | | | - Marizen Ramirez
- University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA.,University of Minnesota, MN 55455, USA
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18
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Tanner A, Miller WR, Gaudecker JV, Buelow JM. An Integrative Review of School-Based Mental Health Interventions and Implications for Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures. J Sch Nurs 2019; 36:33-48. [DOI: 10.1177/1059840519854796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of students with mental health concerns attend school each day. It is unknown how many of those students experience psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES); however, quality of life, academic, and mental health outcomes for students experiencing PNES can be bleak. Currently, no authors have addressed potential school nurse interventions for students with PNES. Because PNES is a mental health condition and is often influenced by underlying anxiety and/or depression, an integrative review of school nurse interventions and outcomes for students with general mental health concerns was conducted. An integrative review resulted in the identification of 13 quantitative and 2 qualitative studies that met inclusion criteria. The findings from this review suggest school nurses, following principles from the Framework for 21st Century School Nursing Practice, play an active role in mental health interventions and should be involved in replicating and testing known mental health interventions to investigate their effectiveness for students with PNES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tanner
- Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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19
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Yohannan J, Carlson JS. A systematic review of school‐based interventions and their outcomes for youth exposed to traumatic events. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Immerfall SJ, Ramirez MR. Link for Schools: A System to Prevent Trauma and Its Adverse Impacts. NASN Sch Nurse 2018; 34:21-24. [PMID: 30024821 DOI: 10.1177/1942602x18785010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
School-age children experience trauma at alarming rates. Children's ability to attend, concentrate, and participate in the educational process can be adversely impacted by trauma. How can school staff, especially school nurses, best listen, support, and encourage a student with trauma in their lives? Link for Schools is an evidence-informed intervention program that provides information and training for school staff. Link provides tools for listening or responding to a traumatized student with a focus on the principles of trauma-informed care, psychological first aid, and elements of motivational interviewing. Link-trained staff are better equipped to develop a relationship with a student, but future research is recommended to supports its evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally J Immerfall
- Research Clinical/Health Care Research Manager, University of Iowa College of Public Health.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Iowa City, IA
| | - Marizen R Ramirez
- Associate Professor, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota
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21
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Sales J, Krause K. Schools must include faculty and staff in sexual violence prevention efforts. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2017; 65:585-587. [PMID: 28665189 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2017.1349133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Creating a normative campus environment intolerant to sexual violence is important for prevention. While prevention initiatives focusing on students are vital, faculty and staff have a central role in supporting and sustaining a comprehensive strategy for preventing campus sexual violence. Nationwide, colleges and universities recently implemented campus climate surveys. At Emory, we decided to survey faculty and staff as well as students, motivated by our use of an ecological framing of campus sexual violence. Faculty and staff are long-term members of the community, and can provide stability and continuity that reinforces prevention efforts prioritized for students. We recommend that schools use a trauma-informed approach to guide the involvement of faculty and staff in prevention. We encourage colleges and universities to consider the experiences and needs of their faculty and staff, as professionals who serve as leaders on campus and as those who guide students through their academic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Sales
- a Behavioral Science and Health Education , Rollins School of Public Health Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
| | - Kathleen Krause
- a Behavioral Science and Health Education , Rollins School of Public Health Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
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22
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Pfefferbaum B, Jacobs AK, Jones RT, Reyes G, Wyche KF. A Skill Set for Supporting Displaced Children in Psychological Recovery After Disasters. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2017; 19:60. [PMID: 28736806 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-017-0814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Helping children, adolescents, and families displaced following a natural disaster is a daunting task made more challenging by the relatively small research base to inform services and interventions. This paper describes the current literature pertaining to intervention practices used with displaced youth. Where gaps in the literature exist, we pull from the more general research on relocation and post-disaster intervention to assist practitioners in tailoring their efforts. Specifically discussed are ways to enhance youth resilience, to help youth build new social connections and adjust to change and uncertainty while coping with trauma-related symptoms, and to meet needs through the systems in which children are embedded. The need for focused attention to cultural factors is discussed with an emphasis on collaborating with culture brokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Terrorism and Disaster Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, P.O. Box 26901, WP3217, Oklahoma City, OK, 73126-0901, USA.
| | - Anne K Jacobs
- Terrorism and Disaster Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 4621 N.W. 157th Terrace, Edmond, OK, 73013, USA
| | - Russell T Jones
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Psychology, 137 Williams Hall, Drill Field Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Gilbert Reyes
- National Child Traumatic Stress Network, 11150 W. Olympic Blvd., Suite 650, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Karen F Wyche
- School of Nursing, The George Washington University, 45085 University Drive, Suite 201, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
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23
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Injury, the most common type of pediatric trauma, can lead to a number of adverse psychosocial outcomes, including posttraumatic stress disorder. Currently, few evidence-based parent programs exist to support children hospitalized after a traumatic injury. Using methods in evaluation and intervention research, we completed a formative research study to develop a new program of psychological first aid, Link for Injured Kids, aimed to educate parents in supporting their children after a severe traumatic injury. METHODS Using qualitative methods, we held focus groups with parents and pediatric trauma providers of children hospitalized at a Level I Children's Hospital because of an injury in 2012. We asked focus group participants to describe reactions to trauma and review drafts of our intervention materials. RESULTS Health professionals and caregivers reported a broad spectrum of emotional responses by their children or patients; however, difficulties were experienced during recovery at home and upon returning to school. All parents and health professionals recommended that interventions be offered to parents either in the emergency department or close to discharge among admissions. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study strongly indicate a need for posttrauma interventions, particularly in rural settings, to support families of children to address the psychosocial outcomes in the aftermath of an injury. Findings presented here describe the process of intervention development that responds to the needs of an affected population.
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24
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Early Child Disaster Mental Health Interventions: A Review of the Empirical Evidence. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-017-9397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Children exposed to disasters are a vulnerable population, making the assessment of children post-disaster an important issue. Utilizing a Multiple Gating Stepped Care framework, we highlight recent literature related to post-disaster assessment and intervention for children. In particular, we focus on screening, clinical evaluation, and feedback-informed service delivery. Screening allows large populations of children to be assessed at a relatively low cost. Children identified by screening as being at risk may then be assessed through more in-depth clinical evaluations, in order to assess clinical symptoms, strengths, and stressors, and to make determinations about appropriate interventions. Continued assessment during therapy provides important feedback for the delivery of appropriate care. New formats for assessment, as well as issues related to identifying sources for assessment, are discussed. Recommendations for future directions are provided.
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26
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Oral R, Ramirez M, Coohey C, Nakada S, Walz A, Kuntz A, Benoit J, Peek-Asa C. Adverse childhood experiences and trauma informed care: the future of health care. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:227-33. [PMID: 26460523 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are related to short- and long-term negative physical and mental health consequences among children and adults. Studies of the last three decades on ACEs and traumatic stress have emphasized their impact and the importance of preventing and addressing trauma across all service systems utilizing universal systemic approaches. Current developments on the implementation of trauma informed care (TIC) in a variety of service systems call for the surveillance of trauma, resiliency, functional capacity, and health impact of ACEs. Despite such efforts in adult medical care, early identification of childhood trauma in children still remains a significant public health need. This article reviews childhood adversity and traumatic toxic stress, presents epidemiologic data on the prevalence of ACEs and their physical and mental health impacts, and discusses intervention modalities for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resmiye Oral
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Marizen Ramirez
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Carol Coohey
- School of Social Work, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Amy Walz
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Angela Kuntz
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jenna Benoit
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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From Postimpact to Reconstruction: Considerations When Treating Traumatized Child and Adolescent Clients. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10879-015-9299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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28
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Ramirez M, Harland K, Frederick M, Shepherd R, Wong M, Cavanaugh JE. Erratum to: Listen protect connect for traumatized schoolchildren: a pilot study of psychological first aid. BMC Psychol 2014. [PMCID: PMC4269985 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-014-0045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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