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Basimane Bisimwa P, Koyaweda GW, Bihehe Masemo D, Ayagirwe RBB, Birindwa AB, Bisimwa PN, Kikuni Besulani G, Kashosi TM, Mugisho Matabishi C, Mitima Misuka B, Mukonkole JPM, Bisimwa Nachega J, Mukwege Mukengere D, Komas NPJ. High prevalence of hepatitis B and HIV among women survivors of sexual violence in South Kivu province, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292473. [PMID: 38959256 PMCID: PMC11221749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limited data are available on the prevalence rates of hepatitis B and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among women survivors of sexual violence (WSSV) in South Kivu province, in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where armed conflicts persist. Here, we aimed to assess the prevalence of these two infections in this vulnerable local population. METHODS A total of 1002 WSSV, aged from 18 to 70 years old were enrolled from May 2018 to May 2020 at three healthcare facilities (Panzi, Mulamba and Bulenga hospitals), which are called "The One-Stop Centre Care Model" for the management of sexual violence in South Kivu. Blood samples were collected and tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens and antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) methods. Subsequently, viral load quantification for HBV and HIV were performed using the GeneXpert. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with HIV-positive and HBV-positive status. RESULTS For HBV, overall prevalence was 8.9% (95% CI; 7.2-10.8%), 32.1% (95% CI; 29.3-35.0%), and 14.5% (95% CI; 12.3-16.8%) for HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs antibodies, respectively. Among the 89 HBsAg-positive patients, 17 (19.1%) were HBeAg-positive. The median age of individuals with a positive HBsAg test was higher than those with a negative test (median: 40 years (IQR 30-52) compared to 36 years (IQR 24-48)). Risk factors for HBV infection were age (≥35 years) (AOR = 1.83 [1.02-3.32]; p = 0.041), having no schooling (AOR = 4.14 [1.35-12.62]; p = 0.012) or only primary school-level (AOR = 4.88 [1.61-14.75]; p = 0.005), and multiple aggressors (AOR = 1.76 [1.09-2.84], p = 0.019). The prevalence of HIV was 4.3% [95% CI: 3.1-5.7%]. HIV/HBV co-infection occurred only in 5 individuals (0.5%). The HBV viral load was detectable (> 1 log10 UI/mL) in 61.8% of HBsAg-positive subjects and 64.8% HIV-positive subjects had a high viral load (≥ 3 log10 copies/mL). CONCLUSION This study revealed a high prevalence of HBV and HIV infections among WSSV in South Kivu. The results generated highlight the urgent need for systematic screening of HBV and HIV by integrating fourth-generation ELISA tests in HIV and HBV control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvine Basimane Bisimwa
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
- Faculty of Medecine, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Panzi General Referral Hospital, Internal Medicine, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- International Center Advanced for Research and Training (ICART)/Panzi Fondation, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Dieudonné Bihehe Masemo
- Faculty of Medecine, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Panzi General Referral Hospital, Internal Medicine, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Ahadi Bwihangane Birindwa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Patrick Ntagereka Bisimwa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Georges Kikuni Besulani
- Faculty of Medecine, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Panzi General Referral Hospital, Internal Medicine, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Théophile Mitima Kashosi
- Faculty of Medecine, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Bienfait Mitima Misuka
- Faculty of Medecine, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean Paulin Mbo Mukonkole
- Faculty of Medecine, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Panzi General Referral Hospital, Internal Medicine, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean Bisimwa Nachega
- Departments of Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Denis Mukwege Mukengere
- Faculty of Medecine, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Panzi General Referral Hospital, Internal Medicine, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
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Yost MT, Driban M, Dissak Delon FN, Mbianyor MA, Kinge T, Njock R, Nkusu D, Tsiagadigui JG, Carvalho M, Oke R, Chichom-Mefire A, Juillard C, Christie SA. Crystalloid resuscitation is associated with decreased treatment delays and improved systolic blood pressures in a blood-constrained setting. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2024; 9:e001290. [PMID: 38616791 PMCID: PMC11015245 DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2023-001290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives We analyzed resuscitation practices in Cameroonian patients with trauma as a first step toward developing a context-appropriate resuscitation protocol. We hypothesized that more patients would receive crystalloid-based (CB) resuscitation with a faster time to administration than blood product (BL) resuscitation. Methods We included patients enrolled between 2017 and 2019 in the Cameroon Trauma Registry (CTR). Patients presenting with hemorrhagic shock (systolic blood pressure (SBP) <100 mm Hg and active bleeding) were categorized as receiving CB, BL, or no resuscitation (NR). We evaluated differences between cohorts with the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. We compared time to treatment with the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results Of 9635 patients, 403 (4%) presented with hemorrhagic shock. Of these, 278 (69%) patients received CB, 39 (10%) received BL, and 86 (21%) received NR. BL patients presented with greater injury severity (Highest Estimated Abbreviated Injury Scale (HEAIS) 4 BL vs 3 CB vs 1 NR, p<0.001), and lower median hemoglobin (8.0 g/dL BL, 11.4 g/dL CB, 10.6 g/dL NR, p<0.001). CB showed greater initial improvement in SBP (12 mm Hg CB vs 9 mm Hg BL vs 0 NR mm Hg, p=0.04) compared with BL or no resuscitation, respectively. Median time to treatment was lower for CB than BL (12 vs 131 min, p<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for injury severity found no association between resuscitation type and mortality (CB adjusted OR (aOR) 1.28, p=0.82; BL aOR 1.05, p=0.97). Conclusions CB was associated with faster treatment, greater SBP elevation, and similar survival compared with BL in Cameroonian patients with trauma with hemorrhagic shock. In blood-constrained settings, treatment delays associated with blood product transfusion may offset the physiologic benefits of an early BL strategy. CB prior to definitive hemorrhage control in this resource-limited setting may be a necessary strategy to optimize perfusion pressure. Level of evidence and study type III, retrospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Yost
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matt Driban
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Melissa Carvalho
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rasheedat Oke
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Catherine Juillard
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - S Ariane Christie
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Ngomtcho SCH, Njike Ngo Biyong O, Ekwere TA, Wandji Takemegni JM, Mbah H, Makamdoum Bogne SM, Nkengkanna OA, Fouamno Kamga HL. Trends in immunological markers of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in Mamfe District Hospital, Southwest Cameroon. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:370. [PMID: 38566025 PMCID: PMC10985861 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood transfusion is associated with exposure to blood Transfusion Transmissible Infection (TTIs). The threat posed by the blood-borne pathogens is disproportionately distributed in different healthcare facilities in Cameroon. Thus, there is a need for continuous surveillance of TTIs in the country. This study aimed to assess the screening procedure for blood transfusion and determine the trend in immunological markers of TTIs among blood donors at the Mamfe District Hospital. METHODS A prospective descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted at Mamfe District Hospital from March to May 2022. A total of 165 blood donors were recruited by the consecutive sampling method. Donors were screened using both Rapid diagnostic tests,T. pallidum haemagglutination test and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of TTIs. Data generated was entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analysed using the statistical software R, version 4.2.0. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics of percentages, means ± standard deviation, and student t-test was used to compare both diagnostic techniques, and was considered significant when p < 0.05. RESULTS A hundred and sixty-five donors were enrolled in the study with a male preponderance giving a male-female sex ratio of 22.5 and a mean age of 32.23 ± 8.60 years. The majority (75.2%) of the donors were of the O-positive blood type, repeat donors (69.1%) and were mainly family replacement and paid donors as against the voluntary blood donors (39.4% and 37.0% vs. 23.6% respectively). overall TTIs prevalence was 18.78% (31/165) (), with HBsAg being the most predominant marker at 12.12% (20/165) followed by Treponema pallidum, HCV and HIV antibodies at 4.85 (8/165), 1.21%(2/165), 0.60% (1/165) respectively. Except for the HBV, The prevalence of TTIs was higher when using a single RDT than the ELISA test, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Bloodborne pathogens remain a major menace to safe blood transfusion practice in Mamfe district hospital and their detection could be easily missed if the RDT method alone is used for donor screening. Therefore, the donor screening protocol in Mamfe District Hospital should systematically incorporate a confirmation diagnostic test such as ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Claudine Henriette Ngomtcho
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
- Molecular biology and serology units, National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health , Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Olive Njike Ngo Biyong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- Mamfe District Hospital, Mamfe, Cameroon
| | - Timothy Amos Ekwere
- Department of Haematology, University of Uyo/University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Jonas Merlin Wandji Takemegni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, New-bell District Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Sandra Maella Makamdoum Bogne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Omer Aurelle Nkengkanna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Henri Lucien Fouamno Kamga
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Quintas AE, Dias CC, Cogle ADC, Cordeiro L, Sarmento A. Seroprevalence of viral transfusion transmissible infections (HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, Syphilis) and coinfection among healthy volunteer blood donors during 5-years in Luanda, Angola. Braz J Infect Dis 2023; 27:103704. [PMID: 38036021 PMCID: PMC10698569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2023.103704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transmission of diseases by blood products continues to be a worldwide health problem, especially in Africa. Seroprevalence rates of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Syphilis, and Coinfection in Angola are poorly documented. This study aims to identify the seroprevalence of markers with positive results for Hepatitis B, C, HIV, Syphilis, and Coinfection in blood donors. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted using a database of positive serological markers for these infections and coinfection in 2734 blood donors traced from 2011 to 2016 in Luanda, Angola. The Chi-Square test (χ2) or Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate serological positivity and donors' characteristics. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS 2734 blood donors aged 18 to 64 (median age 32 ± 9) were screened from 2011 to 2016. 73.9 % of the donors were positive for one Transfusion-Transmitted Infection (TTI), and 5.9 % showed evidence of multiple infections. The overall seroprevalence rate was 50.2 % (1373) for HBV, 20 % (436) for Syphilis, 7 % (191) for HIV, 5.1 % (140) for HCV, and 5.8 % for coinfected donors. 2467 (90 %) were men, and 267 (10 %) were women. We identified 118 (5.8 %) coinfected donors. Of those, 40 (33.9 %) simultaneously presented Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)/Syphilis, 24 (20.3 %) HBsAg/HIV, 22 (18.6 %) HBsAg/HCV, 20 (16.9 %) HIV/Syphilis, 8 (6.8 %) HCV/Syphilis, and 4 (3.4 %) HIV/HCV. CONCLUSION A high transfusion-transmissible infection prevalence was found compared to some countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, intensifying the screening for these transfusion-transmitted infections in blood donors is critical to ensure blood safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Edna Quintas
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Departamento de Medicina Comunitária, Informação e Decisão em Saúde e Centro de Pesquisa em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Departamento de Medicina, Porto, Portugal; Clínica Girassol, Department of Education Office, Luanda, Angola.
| | - Cláudia Camila Dias
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Departamento de Medicina Comunitária, Informação e Ciências da Decisão em Saúde (MEDCIDS) e Unidade de Gestão do Conhecimento, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Lemuel Cordeiro
- Clínica Girassol, Department of Education Office, Luanda, Angola
| | - António Sarmento
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Departamento de Medicina, Porto, Portugal
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Rasool G, Khan AM, Malik IR, Riaz M, Tahir IM, Rehman AU, Abbas M. Reported Seroprevalence of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections in Voluntary and Replacement Donors. Transfus Med Rev 2023:S0887-7963(23)00002-0. [PMID: 36959032 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Arif Muhammad Khan
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Imran Riaz Malik
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Abbas
- Department of Basic Sciences (Section Biochemistry), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan
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Peliganga LB, Mello VM, de Sousa PSF, Horta MAP, Soares ÁD, Nunes JPDS, Nobrega M, Lewis-Ximenez LL. Transfusion Transmissible Infections in Blood Donors in the Province of Bié, Angola, during a 15-Year Follow-Up, Imply the Need for Pathogen Reduction Technologies. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121633. [PMID: 34959588 PMCID: PMC8705259 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs), caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunode-ficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis, have a high global impact, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated the trend of these infections over time in blood donors in Angola. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among blood donors in Angola from 2005 to 2020. Additionally, frozen samples obtained from blood donors in 2007 were investigated to identify chronic HCV carriers and possible occult HBV infection (OBI). The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis was 8.5, 3, 2.1, and 4.4%, respectively, among 57,979 blood donors. HBV was predominant among male donors, while the remaining TTIs were predominant among women. Donors >50 years had a significantly high prevalence for all TTIs. Chronic HCV infection was ab-sent in 500 samples tested and OBI was present in 3%. Our results show the continued high prev-alence of TTIs among blood donors in Angola. Most infections showed a significantly low preva-lence in years with campaigns seeking voluntary blood donors, thus, reinforcing the importance of this type of donor to ensure safe blood. Africa, with a high prevalence of diverse pathogens, should consider cost-effective pathogen reduction technologies, once they are commercially accessible, to increase the availability of safe blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Baião Peliganga
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (V.M.M.); (P.S.F.d.S.)
- Disease Control Department, National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
- Internal Medicine Investigation Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola
| | - Vinicius Motta Mello
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (V.M.M.); (P.S.F.d.S.)
| | - Paulo Sergio Fonseca de Sousa
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (V.M.M.); (P.S.F.d.S.)
| | | | | | - João Pedro da Silva Nunes
- Laboratory of Experimental Vaccines, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil;
| | | | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (V.M.M.); (P.S.F.d.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-(21)-991-921-519
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Samje M, Fondoh VN, Nguefack-Tsague G, Kamalieuk LK, Mbanya D, Murphy EL, Tagny CT. Trends in serological markers of transfusion transmissible infections in blood donations at the Bamenda Hospital-based Blood Service, Cameroon. Transfus Clin Biol 2021; 28:228-233. [PMID: 34102320 PMCID: PMC8825896 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The rate and trend of transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) in blood donations from 2012 to 2017 at the Bamenda Regional Hospital Blood Service (BRHBS), Cameroon was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A six-year retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the records of donors. Blood was screened for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 21. Differences in seropositivity rates for the four TTIs were analyzed using Chi2 test or Fisher's exact test where appropriate. Associations between sociodemographic characteristics and the TTIs markers were assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 12,115 blood donations was included in the study and of these, the overall seropositivity rate of the four conventional TTIs markers was 10.5% (n=1,273). Of the seropositive cases, 23.8% (n=303) showed reactivity with at least two of the markers combined. When the markers were assessed individually, HBsAg recorded the highest seropositivity rate (4.7%), followed by anti-HIV and anti-syphilis (2.2%), and then by anti-HCV (1.7%). A significant decrease in the trend of the combined serological markers, HBsAg and anti-syphilis was observed over the years (P≤0.05). CONCLUSION There is a decrease in seropositivity rates of TTIs markers in this blood service. Ongoing efforts toward the prevention of these infections is encouraged and should be intensified to improve blood safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Samje
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bamenda, Cameroon,Corresponding author: Moses Samje, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda, Cameroon P. O. Box: 39 Bambili, Cameroon, ; Tel: +237 677679112
| | | | - Georges Nguefack-Tsague
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon
| | | | - Dora Mbanya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bamenda, Cameroon,Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon
| | - Edward L. Murphy
- University of California San Francisco and Blood System Research Institute, USA
| | - Claude T. Tagny
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon
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Beykaso G, Teklehaymanot T, Giday M, Berhe N, Doyore F, Alemayehu DH, Mihret A, Mulu A. Estimating the Transmission Risks of Viral Hepatitis and HIV Among Blood Donors in Hossana, Southern Ethiopia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:3117-3127. [PMID: 34335061 PMCID: PMC8318006 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s323057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Screening of viral transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) among blood donors is of public health concern. It is a cost-effective method to monitor the occurrence, distribution, and trends of TTIs in healthy people. This study aimed to estimate the magnitude of the three common viral TTIs among blood donors in Hossana, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 417 blood donors from April to May 2020 in Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and laboratory blood screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using Wantai AiDTM HBsAg, anti-HCV, and HIV 1 + 2 Ag/Ab ELISA. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with each viral infection. The odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 417 blood donors participated in this study producing an overall prevalence of viral TTI was 14.38%. HBV, HCV, and HIV prevalence were 9.83%, 2.39%, and 4.31%, respectively. HBV-HIV was a common co-infection, which had 1.2%. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, family history of hepatitis (AOR=5.2, 95% CI (2.92, 7.41)) and multiple sexual contacts (AOR=4.2, 95% CI (2.32-7.43)) were significantly associated with HBV; low educational level (AOR=3.1, 95% CI (2.58-15.25)) and multiple sexual contacts (AOR=4.9, 95% CI (3.51-7.96)) were significantly associated with HIV, but the only variable alcohol consumption (AOR=2.7, 95% CI (6.72-23.76)) was also associated with HCV infection. Conclusion In this study, the magnitude of viral TTIs among blood donors is high. This indicates that there are high risks of transmission for these infectious pathogens. Therefore, effective stringent donor selection and screening protocols should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizachew Beykaso
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Teklehaymanot
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mirutse Giday
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Berhe
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Feleke Doyore
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | | | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Department of Virology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Andargachew Mulu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Department of Virology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Kebede E, Getnet G, Enyew G, Gebretsadik D. Transfusion Transmissible Infections Among Voluntary Blood Donors at Dessie Blood Bank, Northeast Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:4569-4576. [PMID: 33376363 PMCID: PMC7762780 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s287224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) among blood donors varies across different geographical populations. Establishing the sero-prevalence of the disease among blood donors is important to informing the direction of preventive and control strategies. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the sero-prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections among voluntarily blood donors at Dessie Blood Bank, North East Ethiopia. Methods and Materials A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 10 to December 12, 2018. A total of 384 blood donors were conveniently included in this study. Socio-demographic data and other factors were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Five milliliters of venous blood was collected using a sterile test tube from each blood donor and the blood was allowed to clot; then, serum was separated by centrifugation for laboratory investigation. Serum samples from blood donors were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the presence of hepatits B surface antigen (HBsAg), and antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1/2), hepatits C virus (HCV), and Treponema pallidum. Logistic regression was used to explore risk factors associated with each transfusion transmissible infection. Results From a total of 384 blood donors, 24 (6.25%) of them had serological evidence for at least one infection. The overall sero-prevalence rates of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis among blood donors were 4.2%, 0%, 0.26%, and 1.82%, respectively. Educational status was significantly associated with HBV infection. Multiple sexual behaviors had statistically significant association with syphilis. Conclusion In conclusion, 6.25% of blood donors still harbor transfusion transmissible infections despite recent blood donation safety improvements with the greater majority (4.2%) of cases caused by HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edosa Kebede
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Getnet
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia, Dessie Branch, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Getie Enyew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Dr. Mehretie Children's Speciality Clinic, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Gebretsadik
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Abdella S, Moshago Berheto T, Tolera G, Belete W, Deressa T, Feleke A, H/silassie A, Gezahegn N, Tadesse D, Tefera M, Dillnessa E, Kinfu A, Abate E, Kifle T. Sero-prevalence of transfusion transmittable infections: HIV, Hepatitis B, C and Treponema pallidum and associated factors among blood donors in Ethiopia: A retrospective study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241086. [PMID: 33119668 PMCID: PMC7595291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood transfusion is a therapeutic procedure that has proven to be effective in saving millions of lives. However, its safety is still a crucial issue that needs due attention. Unsafe blood transfusion is one of the sources of transmission for infectious agents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the sero-prevalence of Transfusion Transmittable Infections (TTIs) such as Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Treponema pallidum, and associated factors among blood donors in Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used to measure the prevalence of transfusion transmittable infections using data collected from 2014 to 2019 in fourteen blood bank facilities in Ethiopia. Screening of HIV, HBV and HCV was done by using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Presence of Treponema pallidum infection was assessed using rapid plasma reagin (RPR). Records of blood donors were collected using a checklist from Central Blood Bank Laboratory (BBL) electronic database and reviewed. Data was entered, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Logistic regression was fitted to identify factors associated with cumulative TTIs positivity, and for each of the transfusion transmittable infection. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result A total of 554,954 blood donors in the fourteen blood bank facilities from 2014–2019 was included in the study. The overall sero-prevalence of HBV, Treponema pallidum, HIV and HCV, was 2.4%, 0.9%, 0.4% and 0.4% respectively. The prevalence of TTIs was comparatively higher in 2014, 5.70% and lowest in 2019, 3.40%. The odds of screening HBV in blood donors in age group of 35–39 and 40–44 were 1.2 [1.1, 1.3] and 1.3 [1.1, 1.5] respectively. The odds of screening HCV in blood donors in the age group of 25–34, 35–44 and 45–54 were 1.3 [1.1, 1.5], 1.3 [1.1, 1.7] and 1.7 [1.2, 2.2] respectively. The likelihood of having at least one infection among blood donors was 1.2 [1.1, 1.3] times in male blood donors compared to female. The odds of getting at least one TTI and Treponema pallidum in unemployed blood donors were 2.4 [2.0, 2.8] and 8.1 [6.1, 10.7] respectively. The probability of getting those who have at least one TTIs, HBV and Treponema pallidum were higher in blood donors those who live in Semi Urban and Rural parts of the country than those who live in Urban areas. The odds of having at least one TTI, HBV and HCV in blood donors with mobile mode of blood donation were 1.4 [1.3, 1.6], 1.6 [1.4, 1.8], and 1.6 [1.1, 2.2]. Conclusion The current magnitudes of TTIs are lower when compared to other previous studies conducted in Ethiopia. Older age, male, occupation, donations from mobile sites, residents of semi urban and rural settings were found to be strongly associated with sero-positivity of TTIs. Hence, strict donor screening and testing particularly taking the above factors into consideration is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saro Abdella
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | - Altaye Feleke
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Demewoz Tadesse
- Ethiopian National Blood Bank Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistu Tefera
- Ethiopian National Blood Bank Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Abiy Kinfu
- Ethiopian National Blood Bank Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ebba Abate
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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11
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Xiao Y, Thompson AJ, Howell J. Point-of-Care Tests for Hepatitis B: An Overview. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102233. [PMID: 33023265 PMCID: PMC7650625 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the heavy disease burden posed by hepatitis B, around 90% of people living with hepatitis B are not diagnosed globally. Many of the affected populations still have limited or no access to essential blood tests for hepatitis B. Compared to conventional blood tests which heavily rely on centralised laboratory facilities, point-of-care testing for hepatitis B has the potential to broaden testing access in low-resource settings and to engage hard-to-reach populations. Few hepatitis B point-of-care tests have been ratified for clinical use by international and regional regulatory bodies, and countries have been slow to adopt point-of-care testing into hepatitis B programs. This review presents currently available point-of-care tests for hepatitis B and their roles in the care cascade, reviewing evidence for testing performance, utility, acceptability, costs and cost-effectiveness when integrated into hepatitis B diagnosis and monitoring programs. We further discuss challenges and future directions in aspects of technology, implementation, and regulation when adopting point-of-care testing in hepatitis B programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzong Xiao
- Burnet Institute, 3004 Melbourne, VIC, Australia;
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital, 3065 Fitzroy, VIC, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander J. Thompson
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital, 3065 Fitzroy, VIC, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Howell
- Burnet Institute, 3004 Melbourne, VIC, Australia;
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital, 3065 Fitzroy, VIC, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 3004 Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Correspondence:
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12
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Keleta YT, Achila OO, Haile AW, Gebrecherkos BH, Tesfaldet DT, Teklu KS, Mohammed MA, Ghedel ST. Seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors in Gash Barka Zonal Blood Transfusion Center, Barentu, Eritrea, 2014 through 2017. BMC HEMATOLOGY 2019; 19:5. [PMID: 30911398 PMCID: PMC6417238 DOI: 10.1186/s12878-019-0136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Transfusion-transmissible infections pose a major health risk in developing countries, including Eritrea. In the present study, we sought to determine the prevalence of specific transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) and the associated risk factors among blood donors at a newly established regional blood transfusion center in Barentu, Eritrea. Methods The seroprevalence of markers for specific TTIs by sex, age, educational status, residence, occupation, and donor type was evaluated for donors who donated blood between July 2014 and April 2017. The relationship between TTIs and the stated factors was evaluated using the Pearson Chi-square test/Fishers exact test. Adjusted and unadjusted binary logistic regression models were employed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the occurrence of TTIs. A two-sided p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result A total of 1939 donors were included in this study. Majority of the donors were males (88.2%), urban residents (68.8%), greater than 25 years of age (67%), and family replacement blood donors (FRBD) (59.7%). Two hundred and fifty (12.9%) donors were infected by at least one TTI. The cumulative seroprevalence of Human immunodeficiency virus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and syphilis were 16 (0.8%), 97 (5%), 13 (0.7%) and 140 (7.2%), respectively. Out of the total 266 infected donors, the prevalence of co-infection was 16 (0.8%). In the adjusted model, the OR and 95% CI for the seropositivity for any TTI associated with age, no formal education, elementary school educational level, and junior school educational level were 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01–1.04), 4.4 (95% CI: 2.58–7.49), 2.67 (95% CI: 1.49–4.80), and 2.00 (95% CI: 1.14–3.52), respectively. In addition, blood from FRBD had an increased likelihood of contamination with at least one TTI, with an OR (95% CI) of 1.56 (1.10–2.21). Conclusion The prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections is relatively high. In particular, specific groups in the population appear to be disproportionally affected. Therefore, targeted sensitization campaigns should be implemented in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacob Tesfamichael Keleta
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Oliver Okoth Achila
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Absera Woldu Haile
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
| | | | - Danait Tareke Tesfaldet
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Kibrom Solomon Teklu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Mesuda Abrhum Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Selihom Tesfaslase Ghedel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
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13
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Heyredin I, Mengistie B, Weldegebreal F. Sero-prevalence of transfusion-transmittable infections and associated factors among blood donors in Eastern Ethiopia: an Institutional-based cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119834468. [PMID: 30834117 PMCID: PMC6393942 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119834468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood transfusion saves millions of lives each year globally. But, it was associated with certain risks which can lead to adverse consequences. However, there is paucity of information regarding to the sero-prevalence and risk factor of transfusion-transmittable infections among blood donors in Eastern Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the sero-prevalence of transfusion-transmittable infections and associated factors among blood donors in Eastern Ethiopia from February to March 2018. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 blood donors in Eastern Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and laboratory blood screening. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Statistically significance was considered at p < 0.05. RESULTS The overall sero-prevalence of transfusion-transmittable infections was 12.4% (95% confidence interval: 9.5, 15.3). Hepatitis B virus (6.6%) and syphilis (3.4%) were found at high magnitude. Those with family having human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis (adjusted odd ratio = 2.91; 95% confidence interval: 1.33, 6.33), giving care for human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis patient (adjusted odd ratio = 3.24; 95% confidence interval: 1.49, 7.07), multiple sex partner (adjusted odd ratio = 2.56; 95% confidence interval: 1.21, 5.19), unsafe sex (adjusted odd ratio = 2.99; 95% confidence interval: 1.51, 5.92), dental procedure (adjusted odd ratio = 2.75; 95% confidence interval: 1.20, 6.28), and had no formal education (adjusted odd ratio = 2.46; 95% confidence interval: 1.24, 4.86) were significantly associated with transfusion-transmittable infections. CONCLUSION The prevalence of transfusion-transmittable infections in this study was relatively high compared to studies conducted earlier in Ethiopia. Factors such as unsafe sex, multiple sex partner, dental procedure, and family with human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis, provide health care for human immunodeficiency virus-infected or hepatitis patients, donor type, and educational level were significantly associated with transmission-transmittable infections. Thus, health promotion about prevention and control transmission-transmittable infections should be given to the community by considering the identified risk factors. Each of the blood banks and regional health bureaus in the study area should mobilize community for increasing repeated voluntary donors through promotion of blood bank activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bezatu Mengistie
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Weldegebreal
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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14
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Bisseye C, Mombo LE, Bie SMM, Edou A, Eko-Mba JM, Etho-Mengue JC, Mbacky K, Mongo-Delis A, M'batchi B, Nagalo BM. Trends of blood-borne infectious diseases in a rural blood donation center of southeast Gabon (Koula-Moutou). Pan Afr Med J 2018; 31:81. [PMID: 31007828 PMCID: PMC6457734 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.31.81.16331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Blood-borne pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and C (HBV and HCV) viruses and Treponema pallidum remain a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and clinical implications of HIV, HBV, HCV and Treponema pallidum markers in blood donors in a rural area of Southeast Gabon (Koula-Moutou) from 2012 to 2017. Methods Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HIV, anti-HCV and anti-Treponema pallidum antibodies were screened using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Results Of a total of 5,706 blood donors, 1,054 (18.5%) were seropositive for at least one infectious marker and 59 (5.6%) had serologic evidence of multiple infections. The overall seroprevalence of HIV, HBsAg, HCV, and syphilis was 3.1%; 5.9%; 6.2% and 3.3%, respectively. HIV, syphilis and HCV distributions were associated with neither the sex nor the age of the donors. Only HBsAg seroprevalence was significantly higher in donors of the age group 26-35 years old compared to donors of the age group 36-45 years (OR = 1.43 (95% CI: 1.01-2.04), P = 0.045). There was a significant increase in the frequencies of HIV and syphilis and a regression of HBsAg and HCV among blood donors. Conclusion This study presents the epidemiology of the main pathogens detected in blood donors in a rural area in Gabon. We found that the overall distribution of transfusion transmitted infectious diseases were lower than those observed in the general population but could be underestimated due to the use of RDTs in the screening process of the blood donations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Bisseye
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (LABMC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, BP 943, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Landry-Erik Mombo
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (LABMC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, BP 943, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Stéphane Meyet Me Bie
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (LABMC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, BP 943, Franceville, Gabon.,Centre Hospitalier Régional Paul Moukambi (CHRPM), BP 03 Koula-Moutou, Gabon
| | - Apollinaire Edou
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Paul Moukambi (CHRPM), BP 03 Koula-Moutou, Gabon
| | - Jean Marie Eko-Mba
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (LABMC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, BP 943, Franceville, Gabon
| | | | - Kévin Mbacky
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Paul Moukambi (CHRPM), BP 03 Koula-Moutou, Gabon
| | - Arnaud Mongo-Delis
- Centre de Traitement ambulatoire de Koula-Moutou, BP 383 Koula-Moutou, Gabon
| | - Bertrand M'batchi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (LABMC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, BP 943, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Bolni Marius Nagalo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E, Shea Blvd Scottsdale, 85259 AZ, USA
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15
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Agbor VN, Tagny CT, Kenmegne JB, Awazi B, Ngansop C, Mbanya D, Ndembi N. Prevalence of anti-hepatitis C antibodies and its co-infection with HIV in rural Cameroon. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:459. [PMID: 29996927 PMCID: PMC6042353 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the prevalence of the co-infection between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the prevalence of factors associated with HCV transmission in a rural Cameroonian community. Results The mean age of the 174 participants included in the study was 30.3 (standard deviation = 13.26) years (age range 12–77 years). the prevalence of HCV/HIV co-infection was 1.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–5.9]. The prevalence of HCV and HIV were 6.3% (95% CI 2.9–10.3) and 6.9 (95% CI 5.2–11.3), respectively. Histories of scarification (62.1%), multiple sex partners (31.0%) and sexually transmitted diseases (66.1%) were the most common risk factors of HCV transmission in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valirie Ndip Agbor
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Claude Tayou Tagny
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jules-Bertrand Kenmegne
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bih Awazi
- Society for Women and AIDS in Africa (SWAA), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Charlotte Ngansop
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Dora Mbanya
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH), Yaoundé, Cameroon
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16
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Siraj N, Achila OO, Issac J, Menghisteab E, Hailemariam M, Hagos S, Gebremeskel Y, Tesfamichael D. Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors at National Blood Transfusion Service, Eritrea: a seven-year retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:264. [PMID: 29879912 PMCID: PMC5992706 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood transfusion is associated with several risks particularly exposure to blood transfusion-transmissible infections (TTI), including: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Syphilis, among others. The threat posed by these blood-borne pathogens is disproportionately high in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This fact underscores the need for continuous surveillance of TTIs in the region. Therefore, the study objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of TTIs and donor characteristics associated with positivity for TTIs at the National Blood Transfusion Center (NBTC) in Asmara, Eritrea. METHODS A retrospective analysis of blood donors' records covering the period from January 2010 to December 2016 was undertaken. The records were analyzed to evaluate the annualised cumulative prevalence of TTIs. Chi-square test (χ2) or Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the relationship between serological positivity and particular donor characteristics. Logistic regression was fitted to identify factors associated with cumulative TTIs positivity. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT A total of 60,236 consecutive blood donors were screened between 2010 and 2016. At least 3.6% of donated blood was positive for at least one TTI and 0.1% showed evidence of multiple infections. The sero-prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis and co-infection was 2.0, 0.7, 0.3 and 0.6%, respectively. Sex, type of donor and region were associated with TTI positivity. Except for donation frequency, there was a significant relationship (P < 0.005) between HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis sero-positivity and other donor characteristics evaluated in the study. CONCLUSION The result demonstrates that Eritrea has relatively low TTI prevalence compared to other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, the prevalence, particularly that of HCV, increased significantly in 2016. Enhancing donor screening and additional research utilizing nucleic acid based techniques should therefore be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejat Siraj
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Oliver Okoth Achila
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - John Issac
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Efrem Menghisteab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Maedn Hailemariam
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Semere Hagos
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Yosan Gebremeskel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Daniel Tesfamichael
- Data Mangement Unit, National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS), Asmara, Eritrea
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Yambasu EE, Reid A, Owiti P, Manzi M, Murray MJS, Edwin AK. Hidden dangers-prevalence of blood borne pathogens, hepatitis B, C, HIV and syphilis, among blood donors in Sierra Leone in 2016: opportunities for improvement: a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 30:44. [PMID: 30167071 PMCID: PMC6110571 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.30.44.14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transmissible blood-borne infections are a serious threat to blood transfusion safety in West African countries; and yet blood remains a key therapeutic product in the clinical management of patients. Sierra Leone screens blood donors for blood-borne infections but has not implemented prevention of mother-to-child transmission for hepatitis B. This study aimed to describe the overall prevalence of hepatitis B and C, HIV and syphilis among blood donors in Sierra Leone in 2016 and to compare the differences between volunteer versus family replacement donors, as well as urban versus rural donors. METHODS Retrospective, cross-sectional study from January-December 2016 in five blood bank laboratories across the country. Routinely-collected programme data were analyzed; blood donors were tested with rapid diagnostic tests-HBsAg for HBV, anti-HCV antibody for HCV, antibodies HIV1&2 for HIV and TPHA for syphilis. RESULTS There were 16807 blood samples analysed, with 80% from males; 2285 (13.6%) tested positive for at least one of the four pathogens. Overall prevalence was: 9.7% hepatitis B; 1.0% hepatitis C; 2.8% HIV; 0.8% syphilis. Prevalence was higher among samples from rural blood banks, the difference most marked for hepatitis C. The proportion of voluntary donors was 12%. Family replacement donors had a higher prevalence of hepatitis B, C and HIV than volunteers. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of blood-borne pathogens, particularly hepatitis B, was revealed in Sierra Leone blood donors. The study suggests the country should implement the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B and push to recruit more volunteer, non-remunerated blood donors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Reid
- Operational Research Unit, MSF Brussels, Luxembourg
| | - Philip Owiti
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | | | - Ama Kyerewaa Edwin
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
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18
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Onyango CG, Ogonda L, Guyah B, Okoth P, Shiluli C, Humwa F, Opollo V. Seroprevalence and determinants of transfusion transmissible infections among voluntary blood donors in Homabay, Kisumu and Siaya counties in western Kenya. BMC Res Notes 2018. [PMID: 29530086 PMCID: PMC5848540 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Since the implementation of a series of blood donation safety improvements in Kenya, information about seroprevalence and determinants of transfusion transmissible infections among voluntary blood donors especially in high HIV burden regions of Homabay, Kisumu and Siaya counties remain scanty. A cross-sectional study examining HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C virus sero-markers and associated determinants was conducted among voluntary blood donors. Their demographic characteristics and previous risk exposure were recorded in a pre-donation questionnaire, while blood samples collected were screened for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency viruses by ELISA and RPR (syphilis), then confirmed using CMIA. Results Overall TTIs seroprevalence was 114 (9.4%), distributed among HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis at 14 (1.15%), 42 (3.46%), 39 (3.21%) and 19 (1.56%), respectively, with co-infections of 3 (0.25%). There were no significant differences in proportions distributions among demographic variables. However, high risk sex was significantly associated with higher odds of HBV infections [> 1 partner vs. 0–1 partner; odd ratio (OR) 2.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.098–6.86; p = 0.046]. In conclusion, a substantial percentage of blood donors still harbor transfusion transmissible infections despite recent safety improvements with greater majority cases caused by HBV infections arising from previous exposure to high risk sex. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3276-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calleb George Onyango
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya. .,Regional Blood Transfusion Center, Kisumu, Kenya. .,, Kisumu-Kakamega Road, P.O Box 849, Kisumu, Code 40100, Kenya.
| | - Lilian Ogonda
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Bernard Guyah
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Peter Okoth
- Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Clement Shiluli
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Felix Humwa
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya
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Boushab BM, Mohamed Limame OCM, Fatim Zahra FM, Mamoudou S, Roseline Darnycka BM, Saliou SM. Estimation of seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and C virus and syphilis among blood donors in the hospital of Aïoun, Mauritania. Pan Afr Med J 2017. [PMID: 29515736 PMCID: PMC5837177 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.28.118.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To estimating the seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis among blood donors in the Aïoun hospital. Methods This is a retrospective study from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2015. Results On the five-year study period, 1,123 donors were collected. Of these, 182 were HIV-positive, an overall prevalence of 16.2% with predominance in male with a sex ratio Man/Woman of 5.2. The average age of donors was 32.7 ± 10 years (range 17-73 years). The most represented that age group 21-30 years (40.5%). The seroprevalence found were 1.2% for HIV, 11.8% for HBV, HCV 0.2% and 3% for syphilis. Co-infection was found in 0.7% of which 0.5% of dual HIV HBV/Syphilis and 0.2% in HBV/HIV. Conclusion The transmission of infectious agents related to transfusion represents the greatest threat to transfusion safety of the recipient. Therefore, a rigorous selection and screening of blood donors are highly recommended to ensure blood safety for the recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fall-Malick Fatim Zahra
- National Institute of Hepatology-Virology in Nouakchott, School of Medicine, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Savadogo Mamoudou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouédrago, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Sow Mamadou Saliou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Teaching Hospital Donka, Conakry, Guinée
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Bigna JJ, Amougou MA, Asangbeh SL, Kenne AM, Nansseu JR. Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015748. [PMID: 28851778 PMCID: PMC5724202 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Better knowledge of hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroprevalence at the national level can help to implement pertinent strategies to address the HCV-related burden. The aim of this paper was to estimate the seroprevalence of HCV infection in Cameroon. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. PARTICIPANTS People residing in Cameroon. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, AJOL, WHO-Afro Library, Africa Index Medicus, National Institute of Statistics and National AIDS Control Committee, Cameroon from 1 January 2000 to 15 December 2016 were searched. English and French languages papers were considered. Two independent investigators selected studies. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS 31 studies including 36 407 individuals were finally considered. There was no national representative study. The overall pooled prevalence was 6.5% (95% CI 4.5% to 8.8%; I²=98.3%). A sensitivity analysis of individuals at low risk of HCV infection showed a pooled prevalence of 3.6% (95% CI 2.3% to 5.2%, I²=97.7%, 18 studies) among 22 860 individuals (general population, blood donors and pregnant women), which was higher than for a high-risk population (healthcare workers and people with other identified comorbidities), 12.2% (95% CI 4.9% to 22.2%; I²=98.3%, 13 studies); p=0.018. The prevalence was higher in the East region, in rural settings, and when using an enzyme immunoassay technique for detecting HCV antibodies. Sex, sites, study period, sample size, timing of data collection and methodological quality of studies were not sources of heterogeneity. LIMITATION One-third of studies (29.0%) had a low risk bias in their methodology and most were facility-based (87.1%). CONCLUSION The seroprevalence of HCV infection in Cameroon indicates the need for comprehensive and effective strategies to interrupt HCV transmission in the Cameroonian population. Specific attention is needed for the East region of the country, rural settings and high-risk populations. A national representative study is needed to provide better estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Joel Bigna
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie A Amougou
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Serra Lem Asangbeh
- Clinical Research Department, Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Jobert Richie Nansseu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Bigna JJ, Amougou MA, Asangbeh SL, Kenne AM, Noumegni SRN, Ngo-Malabo ET, Noubiap JJ. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015298. [PMID: 28667212 PMCID: PMC5734365 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Better knowledge of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection prevalence at the national level can help to implement pertinent strategies to address HBV related burden. The aim was to estimate the seroprevalence of HBV infection in Cameroon. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. PARTICIPANTS People residing in Cameroon. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, African Journals Online (AJOL), ScienceDirect, WHO-Afro Library, WHO-IRIS, African Index Medicus, National Institute of Statistics and National AIDS Control Committee, Cameroon; regardless of language and from 1 January 2000 to 30 September 2016. This was completed with a manual search of references of relevant papers. Risk of bias in methodology of studies was measured using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Out of 511 retrieved papers, 44 studies with a total of 105 603 individuals were finally included. The overall pooled seroprevalence was 11.2% (95% CI 9.7% to 12.8%) with high heterogeneity between studies (I2=97.9%). Egger's test showed no publication bias (p=0.167). A sensitivity analysis excluding individuals at high risk of HBV infection and after adjustment using trim and fill method showed a pooled seroprevalence of 10.6% (95% CI 8.6% to 12.6%) among 100 501 individuals (general population, blood donors and pregnant women). Sources of heterogeneity included geographical regions across country and setting (rural 13.3% vs urban 9.0%), and implementation of HBV universal immunisation (born after 9.2% vs born before 0.7%). Sex, site, timing of data collection, HBV screening tools and methodological quality of studies were not sources of heterogeneity. LIMITATION Only a third of the studies had low risk of bias in their methodology. CONCLUSION The seroprevalence of HBV infection in Cameroon is high. Effective strategies to interrupt the transmission of HBV are urgently required. Specific attention is needed for rural settings, certain regions and people born before the implementation of the HBV universal immunisation programme in Cameroon in 2005. REGISTRATION PROSPERO, CRD42016042654.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Joel Bigna
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie A Amougou
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Serra Lem Asangbeh
- Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Angeladine Malaha Kenne
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Steve Raoul N Noumegni
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Elodie T Ngo-Malabo
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Jacques Noubiap
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Japhet MO, Adewumi MO, Adesina OA, Donbraye E. High prevalence of HIV p24 antigen among HIV antibody negative prospective blood donors in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2017; 37:555-63. [PMID: 27049173 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2016.1174133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Blood transfusion service centers in Nigeria screen donated blood for markers of HIV infection using antibody- (Ab) based rapid test and in some centers, positives are re-tested using Ab-based ELISA. Paucity of data exists on p24 antigen prevalence among HIV Ab-negative donors in Nigeria. This study aims at detecting HIV p24 antigen among prospective blood donors in Osun State, Nigeria. Prospective blood donors negative for HIV antibodies using Determine test kit were re-tested using BIORAD GENSCREEN Ultra Ag-Ab ELISA kit, a fourth-generation ELISA kit that detects HIV antibodies/p24 antigen. Of the 169 HIV Ab-negative prospective donors, 10 (5.9%) were positive for HIV p24 antigen and 70% (7/10) of them were in the age range 18-30 years. Results of this study show that blood transfusion is still one of the major routes of HIV transmission in Nigeria and a higher proportion is among youth. Inclusion of p24 antigen testing into the blood donor screening will help reduce transfusion associated HIV in Nigeria if Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) of all blood donor samples is not affordable; also, HIV enlightenment programs tailored toward youth may help reduce this rate among donors since more young people donate blood in low/middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moses Olubusuyi Adewumi
- b Department of Virology , Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
| | | | - Emmanuel Donbraye
- c Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology , Faculty of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University , Ile-Ife , Nigeria
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Rodgers MA, Vallari AS, Harris B, Yamaguchi J, Holzmayer V, Forberg K, Berg MG, Kenmenge J, Ngansop C, Awazi B, Mbanya D, Kaptue L, Brennan C, Cloherty G, Ndembi N. Identification of rare HIV-1 Group N, HBV AE, and HTLV-3 strains in rural South Cameroon. Virology 2017; 504:141-151. [PMID: 28193549 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Surveillance of emerging viral variants is critical to ensuring that blood screening and diagnostic tests detect all infections regardless of strain or geographic location. In this study, we conducted serological and molecular surveillance to monitor the prevalence and diversity of HIV, HBV, and HTLV in South Cameroon. The prevalence of HIV was 8.53%, HBV was 10.45%, and HTLV was 1.04% amongst study participants. Molecular characterization of 555 HIV-1 specimens identified incredible diversity, including 7 subtypes, 12 CRFs, 6 unclassified, 24 Group O and 2 Group N infections. Amongst 401 HBV sequences were found a rare HBV AE recombinant and two emerging sub-genotype A strains. In addition to HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 strains, sequencing confirmed the fifth known HTLV-3 infection to date. Continued HIV/HBV/HTLV surveillance and vigilance for newly emerging strains in South Cameroon will be essential to ensure diagnostic tests and research stay a step ahead of these rapidly evolving viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B Harris
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | | | | | - K Forberg
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - M G Berg
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - J Kenmenge
- Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - C Ngansop
- Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - B Awazi
- Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - D Mbanya
- Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - L Kaptue
- Université des Montagnes, Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon
| | - C Brennan
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - G Cloherty
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - N Ndembi
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
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Bonja F, Hussein M, Alemu J, Gemechu D, Birhaneselassie M. The prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections: A focus on hepatitis B virus among blood donors at Hawassa blood bank center, Southern Ethiopia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5348/ijbti-2017-29-oa-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Birhaneselassie M. Prevalence of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections in Donors to an Ethiopian Blood Bank Between 2009 and 2013 and Donation Factors That Would Improve the Safety of the Blood Supply in Underdeveloped Countries. Lab Med 2016; 47:134-9. [PMID: 27069031 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmw003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the percentages of blood donors at an Ethiopian blood bank who tested positive for 4 transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) and to compare TTI infection levels among individuals of different sociodemographic characteristics. METHOD We reviewed 5 years of data (2009 to 2013) from registration records of blood donors at the blood bank of Yirgalem Hospital in Hawassa, Ethiopia. RESULT Of the 6367 donors, 447 (7.0%) tested positive for 1 of the TTIs for which infection necessitates discarding the infected blood unit. The prevalence of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), HBV (hepatitis B virus), HCV (hepatitis C virus), and syphilis were 1.6%, 4.8%, 0.6%, and 0.5%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV was significantly increased among donors who were replacing blood for family members compared with volunteer donors (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.34; 95% CI, .15 to .77), and employed donors compared with students (2.48; 1.22 to 5.02). HCV prevalence was significantly increased with replacement donors compared with volunteers. The prevalence of the 4 studied TTIs in volunteers' donations are lower than that in family replacement donation. The discard rate of blood from volunteers was 1.1%, versus 5.9% from replacement donors. CONCLUSION The prevalence of TTIs is significant, and blood collected from volunteer donors is associated with lower risk of TTIs. Therefore, agencies must ensure a safe, adequate blood supply, designating unremunerated volunteers as a preferred donor group. Moreover, more sensitive and specific screening methods and a regular supply of materials and reagents must be provided to improve the quality standard of blood-bank laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misganaw Birhaneselassie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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26
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Tietcheu Galani BR, Njouom R, Moundipa PF. Hepatitis C in Cameroon: What is the progress from 2001 to 2016? J Transl Int Med 2016; 4:162-169. [PMID: 28191540 DOI: 10.1515/jtim-2016-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan countries and particularly in Cameroon where the prevalence rate is around 7.6% in the age group of 55-59 years. Recent investigations into this infection allowed defining a national seroprevalence, characterizing virological and biological profiles of infected patients and identifying medicinal plants of potential interest in hepatitis C therapy. However, in Cameroon, no existing report currently presents a good overview of hepatitis C research in relation to these parameters. This review seeks to discuss major findings published since 2001 that have significantly advanced our understanding of the epidemiology and treatment of hepatitis C in Cameroonian patients and highlight the major challenges that remain to overcome. We performed a systematic search in Pubmed and Google Scholar. Studies evaluating prevalence, treatment, coinfection, and genetic diversity of HCV infection in Cameroon were included. Studies suggest that HCV prevalence in Cameroon would be low (around 1.1%) with a lot of disparities according to regions and age of participants. Elders, pregnant women, blood donors, health care workers, patients on hemodialysis, and homozygous sickle cell patients have been identified as risk groups. Moreover, HCV/HBV coinfection was found more prevalent than HCV/HIV coinfection. Phylogenic studies reported circulation of three main genotypes such genotypes 1, 2, and 4 but little is known about antiviral candidates from the Cameroonian pharmacopeia. In conclusion, some epidemiological data prove that hepatitis C in Cameroon is well known but efforts are still necessary to prevent or control this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borris Rosnay Tietcheu Galani
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 454 Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon, Cameroon; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Unit, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Paul Fewou Moundipa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Yang S, Jiao D, Liu C, Lv M, Li S, Chen Z, Deng Y, Zhao Y, Li J. Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, and Treponema pallidum infections among blood donors at Shiyan, Central China. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:531. [PMID: 27716251 PMCID: PMC5045580 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ordinary screening of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) among blood donors is essential for blood transfusion. Although there is several TTIs studies focus on human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, and Treponema pallidum infections in China, it is no data to illustrate any firm conclusion from Shiyan City, Central China. It aims to verify the seroprevalence of TTIs among blood donors at Shiyan. Methods A retrospective analysis of blood donors’ information was conducted for the presence of HIV, HBV, HCV and T. pallidum. Logistic regression analysis was used to demonstrate risk factors including age, gender and occupation associated with them. The variation tendency in seroprevalence of these TTIs over the study period was evaluated by Cochran-Armitage trend test. Results Of 211 639 blood donors, 2 858 (1.35 %) had serological evidence of TTIs. The seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and T. pallidum were 0.08 %, 0.51 %, 0.20 % and 0.57 %, respectively. However, the co-infection prevalence of TTIs has not been detected. The HIV seropositivity significantly increased among female donors (OR = 1.63, P < 0.001) and farmers (OR = 2.02, P = 0.020). Significantly increased HBV seropositivity was only observed framers (OR = 1.87, P <0.001) compared to workers. Analogously, significantly increased HCV seropositivity was observed among farmers (OR = 2.59, P < 0.001), students (OR = 2.43, P < 0.001), merchants (OR = 1.70, P = 0.014) and others (OR = 1.78, P =0.001). The T. pallidum seroprevalence was notably increased among female (OR = 1.54, P < 0.001), and farmers (OR = 1.70, P <0.001). Moreover, significantly increasing trends of HIV (Z = −6.88, P < 0.01), HBV (Z = −4.52, P < 0.01), HCV (Z = −4.16, P < 0.01) and T. pallidum (Z = −1.36, P < 0.01) seropositivity were observed over the study period. Conclusions It originally offers a substantial prevalence of TTIs among blood donors at Shiyan, Central China. Severe blood donor selection and all-inclusive screening of blood are highly recommended. It might be helpful for developing and updating guidance for blood safety. Trial registration Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguo Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Basic Medicine; Department of Infectious Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Danmei Jiao
- Shiyan Blood Transfusion Center, Laboratory Medical Center, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Ming Lv
- Shiyan Blood Transfusion Center, Laboratory Medical Center, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Shan Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Basic Medicine; Department of Infectious Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Zongyun Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Basic Medicine; Department of Infectious Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Yanqing Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Basic Medicine; Department of Infectious Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Basic Medicine; Department of Infectious Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China.
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Hepatitis B, HIV, and Syphilis Seroprevalence in Pregnant Women and Blood Donors in Cameroon. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2016; 2016:4359401. [PMID: 27578957 PMCID: PMC4992796 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4359401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. We estimated seroprevalence and correlates of selected infections in pregnant women and blood donors in a resource-limited setting. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of laboratory seroprevalence data from pregnant women and voluntary blood donors from facilities in Cameroon in 2014. Rapid tests were performed to detect hepatitis B surface antigen, syphilis treponemal antibodies, and HIV-1/2 antibodies. Blood donations were also tested for hepatitis C and malaria. Results. The seroprevalence rates and ranges among 7069 pregnant women were hepatitis B 4.4% (1.1–9.6%), HIV 6% (3.0–10.2%), and syphilis 1.7% (1.3–3.8%) with significant variability among the sites. Correlates of infection in pregnancy in adjusted regression models included urban residence for hepatitis B (aOR 2.9, CI 1.6–5.4) and HIV (aOR 3.5, CI 1.9–6.7). Blood donor seroprevalence rates and ranges were hepatitis B 6.8% (5.0–8.8%), HIV 2.2% (1.4–2.8%), syphilis 4% (3.3–4.5%), malaria 1.9%, and hepatitis C 1.7% (0.5–2.5%). Conclusions. Hepatitis B, HIV, and syphilis infections are common among pregnant women and blood donors in Cameroon with higher rates in urban areas. Future interventions to reduce vertical transmission should include universal screening for these infections early in pregnancy and provision of effective prevention tools including the birth dose of univalent hepatitis B vaccine.
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