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Zhu M, Yu M, Meng Y, Yang J, Wang X, Li L, Liang Y, Kong F. HER3 receptor and its role in the therapeutic management of metastatic breast cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:665. [PMID: 39020378 PMCID: PMC11253420 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) poses a significant threat to women's health and is a major cause of malignant neoplasms in women. Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)3, an integral member of the ErbB/HER receptor tyrosine kinase family, is a crucial activator of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. HER3 overexpression significantly contributes to the development of resistance to drugs targeting other HER receptors, such as HER2 and epidermal growth factor receptors, and plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of mBC. Recently, numerous HER3-targeted therapeutic agents, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), bispecific antibodies (bAbs), and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), have emerged. However, the efficacy of HER3-targeted mAbs and bAbs is limited when used individually, and their combination may result in toxic adverse effects. On the other hand, ADCs are cytotoxic to cancer cells and can bind to target cells through antibodies, which highlights their use in targeted HER3 therapy for mBC. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in HER3 research, historical initiatives, and innovative approaches in targeted HER3 therapy for metastatic breast cancer. Evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of current methods may yield valuable insights and lessons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Cancer Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Minghui Yu
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuerui Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Longhui Li
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangyueying Liang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanming Kong
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
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Albert V, Bruss C, Tümen D, Piendl G, Weber F, Dahl E, Seitz S, Ortmann O, Wege AK, Brockhoff G. HER4 Affects Sensitivity to Tamoxifen and Abemaciclib in Luminal Breast Cancer Cells and Restricts Tumor Growth in MCF-7-Based Humanized Tumor Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7475. [PMID: 39000582 PMCID: PMC11242770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of the HER4 receptor on the growth and treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer is widely uncertain. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated stable HER4 knockout variants derived from the HER4-positive MCF-7, T-47D, and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cell lines. We investigated tumor cell proliferation as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen, abemaciclib, AMG232, and NRG1 treatments as a function of HER4 in vitro. HER4 differentially affects the cellular response to tamoxifen and abemaciclib treatment. Most conspicuous is the increased sensitivity of MCF-7 in vitro upon HER4 knockout and the inhibition of cell proliferation by NRG1. Additionally, we assessed tumor growth and immunological effects as responses to tamoxifen and abemaciclib therapy in humanized tumor mice (HTM) based on MCF-7 HER4-wildtype and the corresponding HER4-knockout cells. Without any treatment, the enhanced MCF-7 tumor growth in HTM upon HER4 knockout suggests a tumor-suppressive effect of HER4 under preclinical but human-like conditions. This phenomenon is associated with an increased HER2 expression in MCF-7 in vivo. Independent of HER4, abemaciclib and tamoxifen treatment considerably inhibited tumor growth in these mice. However, abemaciclib-treated hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients with tumor-associated mdm2 gene copy gains or pronounced HER4 expression showed a reduced event-free survival. Evidently, the presence of HER4 affects the efficacy of tamoxifen and abemaciclib treatment in different estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells, even to different extents, and is associated with unfavorable outcomes in abemaciclib-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veruschka Albert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93935 Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christina Bruss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93935 Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Deniz Tümen
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Piendl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93935 Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weber
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93093 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Edgar Dahl
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Seitz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93935 Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93935 Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja K Wege
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93935 Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gero Brockhoff
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93935 Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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O’Neill CE, Sun K, Sundararaman S, Chang JC, Glynn SA. The impact of nitric oxide on HER family post-translational modification and downstream signaling in cancer. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1358850. [PMID: 38601214 PMCID: PMC11004480 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1358850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family consists of four members, activated by two families of ligands. They are known for mediating cell-cell interactions in organogenesis, and their deregulation has been associated with various cancers, including breast and esophageal cancers. In particular, aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2 signaling drive disease progression and result in poorer patient outcomes. Nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed as an alternative activator of the HER family and may play a role in this aberrant activation due to its ability to induce s-nitrosation and phosphorylation of the EGFR. This review discusses the potential impact of NO on HER family activation and downstream signaling, along with its role in the efficacy of therapeutics targeting the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara E. O’Neill
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kai Sun
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Dr Mary and Ron Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Jenny C. Chang
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Dr Mary and Ron Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sharon A. Glynn
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Majumder A. HER3: Toward the Prognostic Significance, Therapeutic Potential, Current Challenges, and Future Therapeutics in Different Types of Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:2517. [PMID: 37947595 PMCID: PMC10648638 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is the only family member of the EGRF/HER family of receptor tyrosine kinases that lacks an active kinase domain (KD), which makes it an obligate binding partner with other receptors for its oncogenic role. When HER3 is activated in a ligand-dependent (NRG1/HRG) or independent manner, it can bind to other receptors (the most potent binding partner is HER2) to regulate many biological functions (growth, survival, nutrient sensing, metabolic regulation, etc.) through the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. HER3 has been found to promote tumorigenesis, tumor growth, and drug resistance in different cancer types, especially breast and non-small cell lung cancer. Given its ubiquitous expression across different solid tumors and role in oncogenesis and drug resistance, there has been a long effort to target HER3. As HER3 cannot be targeted through its KD with small-molecule kinase inhibitors via the conventional method, pharmaceutical companies have used various other approaches, including blocking either the ligand-binding domain or extracellular domain for dimerization with other receptors. The development of treatment options with anti-HER3 monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and different combination therapies showed limited clinical efficiency for various reasons. Recent reports showed that the extracellular domain of HER3 is not required for its binding with other receptors, which raises doubt about the efforts and applicability of the development of the HER3-antibodies for treatment. Whereas HER3-directed antibody-drug conjugates showed potentiality for treatment, these drugs are still under clinical trial. The currently understood model for dimerization-induced signaling remains incomplete due to the absence of the crystal structure of HER3 signaling complexes, and many lines of evidence suggest that HER family signaling involves more than the interaction of two members. This review article will significantly expand our knowledge of HER3 signaling and shed light on developing a new generation of drugs that have fewer side effects than the current treatment regimen for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Najjar MK, Manore SG, Regua AT, Lo HW. Antibody-Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13112065. [PMID: 36360302 PMCID: PMC9691220 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptor tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in 20-30% of breast cancers and is associated with poor prognosis and worse overall patient survival. Most women with HER2-positive breast cancer receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus HER2-targeted therapies. The development of HER2-directed therapeutics is an important advancement in targeting invasive breast cancer. Despite the efficacy of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies, they are still being combined with adjuvant chemotherapy to improve overall patient outcomes. Recently, significant progress has been made towards the development of a class of therapeutics known as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), which leverage the high specificity of HER2-targeted monoclonal antibodies with the potent cytotoxic effects of various small molecules, such as tubulin inhibitors and topoisomerase inhibitors. To date, two HER2-targeting ADCs have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer: Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1; Kadcyla®) and fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki (T-Dxd; Enhertu®). Kadcyla and Enhertu are approved for use as a second-line treatment after trastuzumab-taxane-based therapy in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. The success of ADCs in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer provides novel therapeutic advancements in the management of the disease. In this review, we discuss the basic biology of HER2, its downstream signaling pathways, currently available anti-HER2 therapeutic modalities and their mechanisms of action, and the latest clinical and safety characteristics of ADCs used for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana K. Najjar
- Wake Forest Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Sara G. Manore
- Wake Forest Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Angelina T. Regua
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, MSE R162, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, MSE R162, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Correspondence:
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Pitcher JL, Alexander N, Miranda PJ, Johns TG. ErbB4 in the brain: Focus on high grade glioma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:983514. [PMID: 36119496 PMCID: PMC9471956 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.983514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) consists of EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4. These receptors play key roles in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and in some cases, tumor promotion. ErbB4 is a unique member of the EGFR family, implicated not only in pro-tumorigenic mechanisms, such as cell proliferation and migration, but also in anti-tumorigenic activities, including cell differentiation and apoptosis. ErbB4 is differentially expressed in a wide variety of tissues, and interestingly, as different isoforms that result in vastly different signalling outcomes. Most studies have either ignored the presence of these isoforms or used overexpression models that may mask the true function of ErbB4. ErbB4 is widely expressed throughout the body with significant expression in skeletal tissue, mammary glands, heart, and brain. Knockout models have demonstrated embryonic lethality due to disrupted heart and brain development. Despite high expression in the brain and a critical role in brain development, remarkably little is known about the potential signalling activity of ErbB4 in brain cancer.This review focuses on the unique biology of ErbB4 in the brain, and in particular, highlights brain cancer research findings. We end the review with a focus on high grade gliomas, primarily glioblastoma, a disease that has been shown to involve EGFR and its mutant forms. The role of the different ErbB4 isotypes in high grade gliomas is still unclear and future research will hopefully shed some light on this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie-Lee Pitcher
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Jamie-Lee Pitcher,
| | - Naomi Alexander
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Panimaya Jeffreena Miranda
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics/Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Terrance G. Johns
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics/Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Brockhoff G. "Shedding" light on HER4 signaling in normal and malignant breast tissues. Cell Signal 2022; 97:110401. [PMID: 35820544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family play a pivotal role as drivers of carcinogenesis and uncontrolled cell growth for a variety of malignancies, not least for breast cancer. Besides the estrogen receptor, the HER2 receptor was and still is a representative marker for advanced taxonomic sub-differentiation of breast cancer and emerged as one of the first therapeutic targets for antibody based therapies. Since the approval of trastuzumab for the therapy of HER2-positive breast cancer in 1998 anti-HER2 treatment strategies are being modified, refined, and successfully combined with complementary treatments, nevertheless there is still potential for improvement. The HER2 relatives, namely HER1 (i.e., EGFR), HER3 and HER4 share a high degree of molecular homology and together form a functional unit for signal transmission. Under regular conditions, receptor coexpression patterns and receptor interaction represent key parameters for signaling robustness, which ensures cellular growth control and enables tissue differentiation. In addition, treatment efficiency of e.g., an anti-HER2 targeting is substantially determined by the expression pattern of HER receptors on target cells. Within the receptor family, the HER4 plays a particular role and is engaged in exceptional signaling activities. A favorable prognostic impact has been attributed to HER4 expression in breast cancer under specific molecular conditions. HER4-specific cellular effects are initially determined by a ligand-dependent or -independent receptor activation. Essential processes as cell growth and proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptotic cell death can be initiated by this receptor. This review gives an overview of the role of HER4 in normal and malignant breast epithelial cells and tissues. Specific mechanism of HER4 activation and subsequent intracellular signaling will be described by taking a focus on effects provoked by receptor shedding. HER4 activities and specific effects will be correlated to breast cancer subtypes and the impact of HER4 on course and outcome of disease will be considered. Moreover, current and potential therapeutic approaches will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gero Brockhoff
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Substantial cell apoptosis provoked by naked PAMAM dendrimers in HER2-positive human breast cancer via JNK and ERK1/ERK2 signalling pathways. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2881-2890. [PMID: 34093999 PMCID: PMC8144105 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2-positive breast cancer is one of its most challenging subtypes, forming around 15-25% of the total cases. It is characterized by aggressive behavior and treatment resistance. On the other hand, poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are widely used in drug delivery systems and gene transfection as carriers. PAMAMs can modulate gene expression and interfere with transactivation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor family members (HER1-4). Nevertheless, the outcome of PAMAMs on HER2-positive breast cancer remains unknown. Thus, in this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of different generations of PAMAM dendrimers (G4 and G6) and the outcome of their surface chemistries (cationic, neutral, and anionic) on HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines, SKBR3 and ZR75. Our data showed that PAMAM dendrimers, mainly cationic types, significantly reduce cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. More significantly, PAMAMs induce substantial cell apoptosis, accompanied by the up-regulation of apoptotic markers (Bax, Caspases-3, 8 and 9) in addition to down-regulation of Bcl-2. Moreover, our data pointed out that cationic PAMAMs inhibit colony formation compared to controls and other types of PAMAMs. The molecular pathway analysis of PAMAM exposed cells revealed that PAMAMs enhance JNK1/2/3 expression while blocking ERK1/2, in addition to EGFR1 (HER1) and HER2 activities, which could be the major molecular pathway behind these events. These observed effects were comparable to lapatinib treatment, a clinically used inhibitor of HER1 and 2 receptors phosphorylation. Our findings implicate that PAMAMs may possess important therapeutic effects against HER2-positive breast cancer via JNK1/2/3, ERK1/2, and HER1/2 signalling pathways.
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Key Words
- 7-AAD, 7-amino-actinomycin D
- Apoptosis
- Bax, Bcl-2 Associated X
- Bcl-2, B cell lymphoma-2
- Breast cancer
- Chemoprevention
- EGFR, Epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK, Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
- ErbB2, erythroblastic oncogene B
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- FITC, Fluorescein isothiocyanate
- GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HER2-positive
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- PAMAMs
- PAMAMs, poly(amidoamine) dendrimers
- PE, Phycoerythrin
- PVDF, Polyvinylidene difluoride
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Yang X, Miao Y, Wang J, Mi D. A pan-cancer analysis of the HER family gene and their association with prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and therapeutic targets. Life Sci 2021; 273:119307. [PMID: 33691171 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family gene is involved in a wide range of biological functions in human cancers. Nevertheless, there is little research that comprehensively analysis the correlation between HER family members and prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME) in different cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on updated public databases and integrated several bioinformatics analysis methods, we evaluated expression level, prognostic values of HER family gene and explore the association between expression of HER family gene and TME, Stemness score, immune subtype, drug sensitivity in pan-cancer. KEY FINDINGS EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3, and ERBB4 were higher expressed in four cancers, five cancers, ten cancers, and two cancers, respectively. HER family gene expression is related to the prognosis in several cancers from TCGA and has a significant correlation with stromal and immune scores in pan-cancer also has a significant correlation with RNA stemness score and DNA stemness score in pan-cancer. Expression level of HER family gene is associated with immune subtype in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. EGFR expression was negatively associated with drug sensitivity of Pipamperone, Tamoxifen, Bafetinib and positively related to drug sensitivity of Dasatinib and Staurosporine. ERBB2 expression was negatively related to drug sensitivity of Ifosfamide, Imexon, and Oxaliplatin. ERBB4 expression was positively related to drug sensitivity of E-7820. SIGNIFICANCE These findings may elucidate the roles played by HER family gene in cancer progression and providing insights for further investigation of the HER family gene as potential targets in pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yandong Miao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Denghai Mi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China; Gansu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China.
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Haikala HM, Jänne PA. Thirty Years of HER3: From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Interventions. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3528-3539. [PMID: 33608318 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HER3 is a pseudokinase member of the EGFR family having a role in both tumor progression and drug resistance. Although HER3 was discovered more than 30 years ago, no therapeutic interventions have reached clinical approval to date. Because the evidence of the importance of HER3 is accumulating, increased amounts of preclinical and clinical trials with HER3-targeting agents are emerging. In this review article, we discuss the most recent HER3 biology in tumorigenic events and drug resistance and provide an overview of the current and emerging strategies to target HER3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Haikala
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Maennling AE, Tur MK, Niebert M, Klockenbring T, Zeppernick F, Gattenlöhner S, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Hussain AF. Molecular Targeting Therapy against EGFR Family in Breast Cancer: Progress and Future Potentials. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121826. [PMID: 31756933 PMCID: PMC6966464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family contains four transmembrane tyrosine kinases (EGFR1/ErbB1, Her2/ErbB2, Her3/ErbB3 and Her4/ErbB4) and 13 secreted polypeptide ligands. EGFRs are overexpressed in many solid tumors, including breast, pancreas, head-and-neck, prostate, ovarian, renal, colon, and non-small-cell lung cancer. Such overexpression produces strong stimulation of downstream signaling pathways, which induce cell growth, cell differentiation, cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, cell motility and blocking of apoptosis.The high expression and/or functional activation of EGFRs correlates with the pathogenesis and progression of several cancers, which make them attractive targets for both diagnosis and therapy. Several approaches have been developed to target these receptors and/or the EGFR modulated effects in cancer cells. Most approaches include the development of anti-EGFRs antibodies and/or small-molecule EGFR inhibitors. This review presents the state-of-the-art and future prospects of targeting EGFRs to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Eleonora Maennling
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Kemal Tur
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Langhanssstr. 10, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Niebert
- Department of Molecular Cytology and Functional Genomics, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Langhanssstr. 10, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Klockenbring
- Department of Biological Sensing and Detection, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Zeppernick
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gattenlöhner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Langhanssstr. 10, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ahmad Fawzi Hussain
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-64199930570
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12
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Huynh TK, Ho CY, Tsai CH, Wang CK, Chen YJ, Bau DT, Tu CY, Li TS, Huang WC. Proteasome Inhibitors Suppress ErbB Family Expression through HSP90-Mediated Lysosomal Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194812. [PMID: 31569723 PMCID: PMC6801459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dual EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib has provided effective clinical benefits for HER2-positive breast cancer patients, acquired resistance to this drug remains a major concern. Thus, the development of alternative therapeutic strategies is urgently needed for patients who failed lapatinib treatment. Proteasome inhibitors have been reported to possess high anti-tumor activity to breast cancer cells. Therefore, this study aims to examine whether and how proteasome inhibitor bortezomib can overcome lapatinib resistance. Treatments with several proteasome inhibitors, including Bortezomib, MG132, and proteasome inhibitor I (PSI), as well as the viabilities of both HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines and their lapatinib-resistant clones, were inhibited. Importantly, the expressions of ErbB family were downregulated at both transcriptional and translational levels. Also, our results further indicated that proteasome inhibitors decreased ErbB family expression through lysosomal degradation pathway in a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90)-dependent manner. In this study, our data supported a potential approach to overcome the acquired resistance of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer patients to lapatinib using proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Kieu Huynh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Yi Ho
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu 302, Taiwan.
- Physical Examination Center, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu 302, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu 302, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Hua Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Kuo Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ju Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yen Tu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Tzong-Shiun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
- Innovation Research Center, Show Chwan Health Care System, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chien Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Abstract
The HER4 receptor tyrosine kinase is known to have promiscuous activity in malignant cells, last but not least in breast cancer. Evidently, the prognostic and predictive impact of HER4 expression depends on the expression of different receptor isotypes, the way of receptor activation (ligand dependent vs. independent), and on the complex interaction of the HER4 intracellular domain (4ICD) with intracellular regulative molecules which results in either oncogenic or rather tumor suppressive HER4 activity. Recent data suggest that HER4 unfavorably affects the endocrine treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer patients with tamoxifen and therefore might represent an additional therapeutic target in luminal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gero Brockhoff
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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14
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Comparison of Antibodies for Immunohistochemistry-based Detection of HER3 in Breast Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 26:212-219. [PMID: 27389555 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth factor receptor HER3 (ErbB3) lacks standardized immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based methods for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. We compared 4 different anti-HER3 antibodies to explain the differences found in the staining results reported in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four commercial HER3 antibodies were tested on FFPE samples including mouse monoclonal antibody clones, DAK-H3-IC and RTJ1, rabbit monoclonal antibody clone SP71, and rabbit polyclonal antibody (SAB4500793). Membranous and cytoplasmic staining patterns were analyzed and scored as 0, 1+, or 2+ according to the intensity of the staining and completeness of membranous and cytoplasmic staining. A large collection of HER2-amplified breast cancers (n=177) was stained with the best performing HER3 antibody. The breast cancer cell line, MDA-453, and human prostate tissue were used as positive controls. IHC results were confirmed by analysis of flow cytometry performed on breast cancer cell lines. Staining results of FFPE samples were compared with samples fixed with an epitope-sensitive fixative (PAXgene). RESULTS Clear circumferential cell membrane staining was found only with the HER3 antibody clone DAK-H3-IC. Other antibodies (RTJ1, SP71, and polyclonal) yielded uncertain and nonreproducible staining results. In addition to cell membrane staining, DAK-H3-IC was also localized to the cytoplasm, but no nuclear staining was observed. In HER2-amplified breast cancers, 80% of samples were classified as 1+ or 2+ according to the HER3 staining on the cell membrane. The results from FFPE cell line samples were comparable to those obtained from unfixed cells in flow cytometry. IHC conducted on FFPE samples and on PAXgene-fixed samples showed equivalent results. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that IHC with the monoclonal antibody, DAK-H3-IC, on FFPE samples is a reliable staining method for use in translational research. Assessment of membranous HER3 expression may be clinically relevant in selecting patients who may most benefit from pertuzumab or other novel anti-HER3 therapies.
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15
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Yu X, Ghamande S, Liu H, Xue L, Zhao S, Tan W, Zhao L, Tang SC, Wu D, Korkaya H, Maihle NJ, Liu HY. Targeting EGFR/HER2/HER3 with a Three-in-One Aptamer-siRNA Chimera Confers Superior Activity against HER2 + Breast Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 10:317-330. [PMID: 29499944 PMCID: PMC5862534 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HER family members are interdependent and functionally compensatory. Simultaneously targeting EGFR/HER2/HER3 by antibody combinations has demonstrated superior treatment efficacy over targeting one HER receptor. However, antibody combinations have their limitations, with high immunogenicity and high cost. In this study, we have developed a three-in-one nucleic acid aptamer-small interfering RNA (siRNA) chimera, which targets EGFR/HER2/HER3 in one molecule. This inhibitory molecule was constructed such that a single EGFR siRNA is positioned between the HER2 and HER3 aptamers to create a HER2 aptamer-EGFR siRNA-HER3 aptamer chimera (H2EH3). EGFR siRNA was delivered into HER2-expressing cells by HER2/HER3 aptamer-induced internalization. HER2/HER3 aptamers act as antagonist molecules for blocking HER2 and HER3 signaling pathways and also as tumor-targeting agents for siRNA delivery. H2EH3 enables down-modulation of the expression of all three receptors, thereby triggering cell apoptosis. In breast cancer xenograft models, H2EH3 is able to bind to breast tumors with high specificity and significantly inhibits tumor growth via either systemic or intratumoral administration. Owing to low immunogenicity, ease of production, and high thermostability, H2EH3 is a promising therapeutic to supplement current single HER inhibitors and may act as a treatment for HER2+ breast cancer with intrinsic or acquired resistance to current drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yu
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Sharad Ghamande
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Haitao Liu
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lu Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Wenxi Tan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Lijing Zhao
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Shou-Ching Tang
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Daqing Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Nita J Maihle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hong Yan Liu
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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16
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Sansregret L, Vanhaesebroeck B, Swanton C. Determinants and clinical implications of chromosomal instability in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2018; 15:139-150. [PMID: 29297505 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant chromosomal architecture, ranging from small insertions or deletions to large chromosomal alterations, is one of the most common characteristics of cancer genomes. Chromosomal instability (CIN) underpins much of the intratumoural heterogeneity observed in cancers and drives phenotypic adaptation during tumour evolution. Thus, an urgent need exists to increase our efforts to target CIN as if it were a molecular entity. Indeed, CIN accelerates the development of anticancer drug resistance, often leading to treatment failure and disease recurrence, which limit the effectiveness of most current therapies. Identifying novel strategies to modulate CIN and to exploit the fitness cost associated with aneuploidy in cancer is, therefore, of paramount importance for the successful treatment of cancer. Modern sequencing and analytical methods greatly facilitate the identification and cataloguing of somatic copy-number alterations and offer new possibilities to better exploit the dynamic process of CIN. In this Review, we describe the principles governing CIN propagation in cancer and how CIN might influence sensitivity to immune-checkpoint inhibition, and survey the vulnerabilities associated with CIN that offer potential therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Sansregret
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, Kings Cross, London NW1 1AT, UK
- University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, Kings Cross, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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17
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Sahu A, Patra PK, Yadav MK, Varma M. Identification and characterization of ErbB4 kinase inhibitors for effective breast cancer therapy. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2017; 37:470-480. [DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2017.1342129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sahu
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore, India
| | - P. K. Patra
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, India
| | - Meena Varma
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore, India
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18
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Gerarduzzi C, de Polo A, Liu XS, El Kharbili M, Little JB, Yuan ZM. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (Her4) Suppresses p53 Protein via Targeting the MDMX-MDM2 Protein Complex: IMPLICATION OF A NOVEL MDMX SER-314 PHOSPHOSITE. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25937-25949. [PMID: 27777309 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling is frequently associated with tumorigenesis and therapy resistance, but its underlying mechanisms still need to be elucidated. In this study, we have shown that the RTK human epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (Her4, also known as Erbb4) can inhibit the tumor suppressor p53 by regulating MDMX-mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) complex stability. Upon activation by either overexpression of a constitutively active vector or ligand binding (Neuregulin-1), Her4 was able to stabilize the MDMX-MDM2 complex, resulting in suppression of p53 transcriptional activity, as shown by p53-responsive element-driven luciferase assay and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. Using a phospho-proteomics approach, we functionally identified a novel Her4-induced posttranslational modification on MDMX at Ser-314, a putative phosphorylation site for the CDK4/6 kinase. Remarkably, inhibition of Ser-314 phosphorylation either with Ser-to-Ala substitution or with a specific inhibitor of CDK4/6 kinase blocked Her4-induced stabilization of MDMX-MDM2 and rescued p53 activity. Our study offers insights into the mechanisms of deregulated RTK-induced carcinogenesis and provides the basis for the use of inhibitors targeting RTK-mediated signals for p53 restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimiro Gerarduzzi
- From the John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Anna de Polo
- From the John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Xue-Song Liu
- From the John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Manale El Kharbili
- From the John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - John B Little
- From the John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Zhi-Min Yuan
- From the John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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19
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Shen H, Li L, Zhou S, Yu D, Yang S, Chen X, Wang D, Zhong S, Zhao J, Tang J. The role of ADAM17 in tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5418-y. [PMID: 27658778 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family members are known to process the target membrane-bound molecules through the quick induction of their protease activities under interaction with other molecules, which have diverse roles in tissue morphogenesis and pathophysiological remodeling. Among these, ADAM17 is a membrane-bound protease that sheds the extracellular domain of various receptors or its ligands from the cell membrane and subsequently activates downstream signaling transduction pathways. Importantly, breast cancer remains a mainspring of cancer-induced death in women, and numerous regulatory pathways have been implicated in the formation of breast cancer. Substantial evidence has demonstrated that an obvious increased in ADAM17 cell surface expression has been discovered in breast cancer and was shown to be associated with mammary tumorigenesis, invasiveness, and drug resistance. Over the last decades, it has received more than its share of attention that ADAM17 plays a potential role in breast cancer, including cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and trastuzumab resistance. In our review, we discuss the mechanisms through which ADAM17 acts on breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression. Thus, this will provide further impetus for exploiting ADAM17 as a new target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Shen
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Liangpeng Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changle Road 68, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, China
| | - Siying Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Sujin Yang
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Shanliang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
| | - Jinhai Tang
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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20
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Mohammed ZMA, Going JJ, McMillan DC, Orange C, Mallon E, Doughty JC, Edwards J. Comparison of visual and automated assessment of HER2 status and their impact on outcome in primary operable invasive ductal breast cancer. Histopathology 2016; 61:675-84. [PMID: 22747525 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare visual and computerized image analysis of HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) with fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) for HER2 status, and to examine the relationships with outcome in patients with primary operable invasive ductal breast cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS Tissue microarrays for 431 breast cancer patients were used to compare different approaches to the assessment of HER2 status. The cores were scored visually and with the Slidepath Tissue IA system, using the NICE-approved scoring system for the HercepTest, as well as by FISH. The agreement between visual and image analysis of HER2 IHC was excellent [interclass correlation coefficient (ICCC) = 0.95, rs = 0.90, r = 0.91, k = 0.81, and P < 0.001]. The agreement of HER2 FISH with visual and image analysis of HER2 IHC was also excellent (ICCC = 0.95 and ICCC = 0.92, respectively). Univariate survival analysis showed equivalent associations of visual and image analysis of HER2 and HER2 FISH with both recurrence-free survival (all P < 0.01) and cancer-specific survival (all P < 0.05) in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer. CONCLUSION Computerized image analysis of HER2 IHC gives results comparable to those obtained with visual assessment, with possible advantages in diagnostic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra M A Mohammed
- Academic Unit of Surgery, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Royal InfirmaryUniversity Department of PathologyUnit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Royal and Western InfirmaryDepartment of Surgery, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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21
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Langella E, Calce E, Saviano M, De Luca S. Structural identification of an HER2 receptor model binding pocket to optimize lead compounds: a combined experimental and computational approach. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:2159-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00158k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In silico methods and experimental data obtained from fluorescence studies allowed the identification of a new binding pocket for the HER2-DIVMP receptor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Langella
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging
- National Research Council
- 80134 Naples
- Italy
| | - Enrica Calce
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging
- National Research Council
- 80134 Naples
- Italy
| | - Michele Saviano
- Institute of Crystallography
- National Research Council
- 70126 Bari
- Italy
| | - Stefania De Luca
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging
- National Research Council
- 80134 Naples
- Italy
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22
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Mohd Nafi SN, Generali D, Kramer-Marek G, Gijsen M, Strina C, Cappelletti M, Andreis D, Haider S, Li JL, Bridges E, Capala J, Ioannis R, Harris AL, Kong A. Nuclear HER4 mediates acquired resistance to trastuzumab and is associated with poor outcome in HER2 positive breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5934-49. [PMID: 25153719 PMCID: PMC4171603 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of HER4 in breast cancer is controversial and its role in relation to trastuzumab resistance remains unclear. We showed that trastuzumab treatment and its acquired resistance induced HER4 upregulation, cleavage and nuclear translocation. However, knockdown of HER4 by specific siRNAs increased trastuzumab sensitivity and reversed its resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer cells. Preventing HER4 cleavage by a γ-secretase inhibitor and inhibiting HER4 tyrosine kinase activity by neratinib decreased trastuzumab-induced HER4 nuclear translocation and enhanced trastuzumab response. There was also increased nuclear HER4 staining in the tumours from BT474 xenograft mice and human patients treated with trastuzumab. Furthermore, nuclear HER4 predicted poor clinical response to trastuzumab monotherapy in patients undergoing a window study and was shown to be an independent poor prognostic factor in HER2 positive breast cancer. Our data suggest that HER4 plays a key role in relation to trastuzumab resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer. Therefore, our study provides novel findings that HER4 activation, cleavage and nuclear translocation influence trastuzumab sensitivity and resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer. Nuclear HER4 could be a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker and understanding the role of HER4 may provide strategies to overcome trastuzumab resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Norasikin Mohd Nafi
- Human Epidermal Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniele Generali
- U.O. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, U.S Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, A.O. Instituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, Cremona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, 15 Cotswold Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Merel Gijsen
- Human Epidermal Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Carla Strina
- U.O. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, U.S Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, A.O. Instituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, Cremona, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Cappelletti
- U.O. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, U.S Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, A.O. Instituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, Cremona, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreis
- U.O. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, U.S Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, A.O. Instituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, Cremona, Italy
| | - Syed Haider
- Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ji-Liang Li
- Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Esther Bridges
- Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacek Capala
- National Institutes of Health, Radiation Oncology Branch, Bethesda MD, US
| | - Roxanis Ioannis
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony Kong
- Human Epidermal Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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23
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Kovacevic Z, Menezes SV, Sahni S, Kalinowski DS, Bae DH, Lane DJR, Richardson DR. The Metastasis Suppressor, N-MYC Downstream-regulated Gene-1 (NDRG1), Down-regulates the ErbB Family of Receptors to Inhibit Downstream Oncogenic Signaling Pathways. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1029-52. [PMID: 26534963 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.689653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
N-MYC downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) is a potent growth and metastasis suppressor that acts through its inhibitory effects on a wide variety of cellular signaling pathways, including the TGF-β pathway, protein kinase B (AKT)/PI3K pathway, RAS, etc. To investigate the hypothesis that its multiple effects could be regulated by a common upstream effector, the role of NDRG1 on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and other members of the ErbB family, namely human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3), was examined. We demonstrate that NDRG1 markedly decreased the expression and activation of EGFR, HER2, and HER3 in response to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligand, while also inhibiting formation of the EGFR/HER2 and HER2/HER3 heterodimers. In addition, NDRG1 also decreased activation of the downstream MAPKK in response to EGF. Moreover, novel anti-tumor agents of the di-2-pyridylketone class of thiosemicarbazones, namely di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone and di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone, which markedly up-regulate NDRG1, were found to inhibit EGFR, HER2, and HER3 expression and phosphorylation in cancer cells. However, the mechanism involved appeared dependent on NDRG1 for di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone, but was independent of this metastasis suppressor for di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone. This observation demonstrates that small structural changes in thiosemicarbazones result in marked alterations in molecular targeting. Collectively, these results reveal a mechanism for the extensive downstream effects on cellular signaling attributed to NDRG1. Furthermore, this study identifies a novel approach for the treatment of tumors resistant to traditional EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaklina Kovacevic
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sharleen V Menezes
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Danuta S Kalinowski
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Dong-Hun Bae
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Darius J R Lane
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Wu VS, Kanaya N, Lo C, Mortimer J, Chen S. From bench to bedside: What do we know about hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 153:45-53. [PMID: 25998416 PMCID: PMC4568143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Thanks to extensive efforts from research scientists and clinicians, treatment for breast cancer has advanced into the era of targeted medicine. With the use of several well-established biomarkers, such as hormone receptors (HRs) (i.e., estrogen receptor [ER] and progesterone receptor [PgR]) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), breast cancer patients can be categorized into multiple subgroups with specific targeted treatment strategies. Although therapeutic strategies for HR-positive (HR+) HER2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer and HR-negative (HR-) HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer are well-defined, HR+ HER2+ breast cancer is still an overlooked subgroup without tailored therapeutic options. In this review, we have summarized the molecular characteristics, etiology, preclinical tools and therapeutic options for HR+ HER2+ breast cancer. We hope to raise the attention of both the research and the medical community on HR+ HER2+ breast cancer, and to advance patient care for this subtype of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Shang Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Noriko Kanaya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Chiao Lo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Joanne Mortimer
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Medical Center Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.
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Deregulation of the EGFR/PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC1 pathway in breast cancer: possibilities for therapeutic intervention. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4603-50. [PMID: 25051360 PMCID: PMC4148087 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The EGFR/PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC1/GSK-3 pathway plays prominent roles in malignant transformation, prevention of apoptosis, drug resistance and metastasis. The expression of this pathway is frequently altered in breast cancer due to mutations at or aberrant expression of: HER2, ERalpha, BRCA1, BRCA2, EGFR1, PIK3CA, PTEN, TP53, RB as well as other oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In some breast cancer cases, mutations at certain components of this pathway (e.g., PIK3CA) are associated with a better prognosis than breast cancers lacking these mutations. The expression of this pathway and upstream HER2 has been associated with breast cancer initiating cells (CICs) and in some cases resistance to treatment. The anti-diabetes drug metformin can suppress the growth of breast CICs and herceptin-resistant HER2+ cells. This review will discuss the importance of the EGFR/PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC1/GSK-3 pathway primarily in breast cancer but will also include relevant examples from other cancer types. The targeting of this pathway will be discussed as well as clinical trials with novel small molecule inhibitors. The targeting of the hormone receptor, HER2 and EGFR1 in breast cancer will be reviewed in association with suppression of the EGFR/PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC1/GSK-3 pathway.
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Williams CS, Bernard JK, Demory Beckler M, Almohazey D, Washington MK, Smith JJ, Frey MR. ERBB4 is over-expressed in human colon cancer and enhances cellular transformation. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:710-8. [PMID: 25916654 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The ERBB4 receptor tyrosine kinase promotes colonocyte survival. Herein, we tested whether ERBB4's antiapoptotic signaling promotes transformation and colorectal tumorigenesis. ERBB4 alterations in a The Cancer Genome Atlas colorectal cancer (CRC) data set stratified survival, and in a combined Moffitt Cancer Center and Vanderbilt Medical Center CRC expression data set, ERBB4 message levels were increased at all tumor stages. Similarly, western blot and immunohistochemistry on additional CRC tissue banks showed elevated ERBB4 protein in tumors. ERBB4 was highly expressed in aggressive, dedifferentiated CRC cell lines, and its knockdown in LIM2405 cells reduced anchorage-independent colony formation. In nude mouse xenograft studies, ERBB4 alone was insufficient to induce tumor establishment of non-transformed mouse colonocytes, but its over-expression in cells harboring Apc(min) and v-Ha-Ras caused a doubling of tumor size. ERBB4-expressing xenografts displayed increased activation of survival pathways, including epidermal growth factor receptor and Akt phosphorylation and COX-2 expression, and decreased apoptotic signals. Finally, ERBB4 deletion from mouse intestinal epithelium impaired stem cell replication and in vitro enteroid establishment. In summary, we report that ERBB4 is over-expressed in human CRC, and in experimental systems enhances the survival and growth of cells driven by Ras and/or WNT signaling. Chronic ERBB4 over-expression in the context of, for example, inflammation may contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis. Tumors with high receptor levels are likely to have enhanced cell survival signaling through epidermal growth factor receptor, PI3K and COX-2. These results suggest ERBB4 as a novel therapeutic target in a subset of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Williams
- Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jessica K Bernard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Michelle Demory Beckler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Dana Almohazey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Mary Kay Washington
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA and
| | - Jesse J Smith
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark R Frey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Nuciforo P, Radosevic-Robin N, Ng T, Scaltriti M. Quantification of HER family receptors in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:53. [PMID: 25887735 PMCID: PMC4389676 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of trastuzumab in breast cancer taught us that appropriate tumor evaluation is mandatory for the correct identification of patients eligible for targeted therapies. Although HER2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays are routinely used to select patients to receive trastuzumab, both assays only partially predict response to the drug. In the case of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the link between the presence of the receptor or its amplification and response to anti-EGFR therapies could not be demonstrated. Even less is known for HER3 and HER4, mainly due to lack of robust and validated assays detecting these proteins. It is becoming evident that, besides FISH and IHC, we need better assays to quantify HER receptors and categorize the patients for individualized treatments. Here, we present the current available methodologies to measure HER family receptors and discuss the clinical implications of target quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Nuciforo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.
| | - Nina Radosevic-Robin
- ERTICa Research Group, University of Auvergne EA4677, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Biopathology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center, 58 rue Montalembert, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Department of Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital King's College London School of Medicine, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (HOPP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 20, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Yin LM, Wei Y, Wang WQ, Wang Y, Xu YD, Yang YQ. Simultaneous application of BrdU and WST-1 measurements for detection of the proliferation and viability of airway smooth muscle cells. Biol Res 2014; 47:75. [PMID: 25723317 PMCID: PMC4289569 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BrdU is a commonly used reagent in cell proliferation assays, and WST-1 measurement is widely used to detect cell viability. However, no previous study has formally reported the combination of the two assays, which may be used to detect the proliferation and viability simultaneously. In this study, we examined the effect of adding BrdU 2 h prior to the WST-1 assay and tried to test the possibility of the combined detection using rat airway smooth muscle cells. Results The WST-1 measurements obtained from the combined detection were consistent with those obtained from the separate detection, which suggested that the addition of BrdU 2 h prior to the WST-1 analysis did not affect the WST-1 results. The BrdU measurements obtained from the combined detection also demonstrated the same trend as that obtained from the separate detection, and dosages of 200, 400 and 800 ng/ml testing reagent significantly inhibited the proliferation of rat airway smooth muscle cells. Conclusions Our study suggests that the BrdU and WST-1 measurements can be applied simultaneously without mutual interference, which may increase the efficacy and consistency of these measurements to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Miao Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yue Yang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Ying Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yue Yang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Wen-Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yue Yang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yue Yang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yu-Dong Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yue Yang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yong-Qing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yue Yang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Tiwary S, Preziosi M, Rothberg PG, Zeitouni N, Corson N, Xu L. ERBB3 is required for metastasis formation of melanoma cells. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e110. [PMID: 25000258 PMCID: PMC4150209 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is curable when it is at an early phase but is lethal once it becomes metastatic. The recent development of BRAF(V600E) inhibitors (BIs) showed great promise in treating metastatic melanoma, but resistance developed quickly in the treated patients, and these inhibitors are not effective on melanomas that express wild-type BRAF. Alternative therapeutic strategies for metastatic melanoma are urgently needed. Here we report that ERBB3, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, is required for the formation of lung metastasis from both the BI-sensitive melanoma cell line, MA-2, and the BI-resistant melanoma cell line, 451Lu-R. Further analyses revealed that ERBB3 does not affect the initial seeding of melanoma cells in lung but is required for their further development into overt metastases, indicating that ERBB3 might be essential for the survival of melanoma cells after they reach the lung. Consistent with this, the ERBB3 ligand, NRG1, is highly expressed in mouse lungs and induces ERBB3-depdnent phosphorylation of AKT in both MA-2 and 451Lu-R cells in vitro. These findings suggest that ERBB3 may serve as a target for treating metastatic melanomas that are resistant to BIs. In support of this, administration of the pan-ERBB inhibitor, canertinib, significantly suppresses the metastasis formation of BI-resistant melanoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tiwary
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M Preziosi
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - P G Rothberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - N Zeitouni
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - N Corson
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - L Xu
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Canbaz MÇ, Şimşek ÇS, Sezgintürk MK. Electrochemical biosensor based on self-assembled monolayers modified with gold nanoparticles for detection of HER-3. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 814:31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gruessner C, Gruessner A, Glaser K, AbuShahin N, Laughren C, Zheng W, Chambers SK. Biomarkers and endosalpingiosis in the ovarian and tubal microenvironment of women at high-risk for pelvic serous carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:61-72. [PMID: 24482739 PMCID: PMC3902233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION BRCA mutations increase the risk for development of high-grade pelvic serous carcinomas. Tissue biomarkers distinguishing women at high-risk (HR) for ovarian cancer from those at low-risk (LR) may provide insights into tumor initiation pathways. METHODS A prospective study of 47 HR women (40% BRCA carriers) undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy and 48 LR controls undergoing salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Ovarian/tubal tissues were harvested. Immunohistochemical analysis of candidate proteins CSF-1, CSF-1R, ErbB4 is presented, with scores separately analyzed in epithelium and stroma, in ampulla, fimbria, ovary, and ovarian endosalpingiosis (ES). Comparison was performed between HR and LR groups. RESULTS Elevated levels of CSF-1 (p=0.005) or ErbB4 (p=0.005) in the ovarian epithelium, or ErbB4 (p=0.005) in the ovarian stroma, were significantly associated with both the HR status and carrying a BRCA mutation, as was nuclear ErbB4 staining. Ovarian ES, an entity which likely derives from the tubal mucosal epithelium, was also associated with HR (p=0.038) and BRCA mutation status (p=0.011). Among the BRCA carriers only, markers also found association when present in the tube as well as in ovarian ES (p < 0.05). ROCs were generated including in the regression model both CSF-1 and ErbB4 expression levels. A model including CSF-1 in ovarian epithelium, ErbB4 in ovarian stroma, and younger age achieves AUC=0.87 (73% sensitivity, 93% specificity) of detection of the HR status. In BRCA carriers, CSF-1 in ovarian epithelium alone achieves AUC=0.85. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that elevated levels of CSF-1/ErbB4 in the adnexae correlate with HR/BRCA carrier status. CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling is active in ovarian cancer progression; our data suggests a role in its initiation. ErbB4, in particular nuclear ErbB4, may have a role in tumor initiation as well. Ovarian ES, an entity which may represent a latent precursor to low-grade pelvic serous carcinomas, was surprisingly associated with both HR status and the BRCA carrier cohort. In line with these findings, both ErbB4 and CSF-1R expression in ovarian ES correlated with carrying a BRCA mutation. This analysis, which needs to be validated, indirectly suggests a potential link between ovarian ES and the development of pelvic serous carcinoma in women who are BRCA mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelika Gruessner
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
| | - Katherine Glaser
- College of Medicine, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nisreen AbuShahin
- Department of Pathology, University of JordanAmman, Jordan
- Department of Pathology, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Wenxin Zheng
- College of Medicine, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterTucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
| | - Setsuko K Chambers
- College of Medicine, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterTucson, AZ, USA
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Rasti M, Honardar Z, Nikseresht M, Owji A. Quantitative Analysis of ErbB1 and ErbB2 Genes Amplification by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2014; 6:228-37. [PMID: 25414785 PMCID: PMC4224662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genes for human epidermal growth factor receptors B1 (ErbB1) and B2 (ErbB2) were amplified in breast and ovarian cancers. Both of them were associated with aggressive disease and worse prognosis. The ErbB1 or ErbB2 status of a tumor may provide an indication of the response to ErbB1 and ErbB2 -targeted therapies. For accurate and rapid assessment of amplification of ErbB1 and ErbB2 oncogenes, a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was developed in this study. METHODS DNA was extracted from 30 primary breast tumors and 20 blood samples of healthy donors. ErbB1 and ErbB2 genes along with a reference gene were co-amplificated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The PCR products were separated and quantified using an anion-exchange column within 30 min and in a single step. Optimum resolution was obtained when a sodium chloride gradient and a column temperature of 35°C were used. The results of HPLC analysis of ErbB1 and ErbB2 PCR products were compared with real time PCR method as a gold standard test for 7 tumor samples. RESULTS The proposed HPLC method was confirmed by real time PCR method. Twenty two and ten of the specimens in our breast cancer cohort showed more than a two-fold amplification of ErbB2 and ErbB1 oncogenes, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results were confirmed by real time PCR and showed that HPLC method is a specific, cheap and clinically applicable analytical approach for assessment of ErbB1 and ErbB2 statuses in breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Rasti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding author: Mozhgan Rasti, Ph.D., Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Tel/Fax: +98 711 2303029. E-mail:
| | - Zohreh Honardar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nikseresht
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Owji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mirtavoos-Mahyari H, Khosravi A, Esfahani-Monfared Z. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and estrogen receptor status in respect to tumor characteristics in non-metastatic breast cancer. TANAFFOS 2014; 13:26-34. [PMID: 25191491 PMCID: PMC4153272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expressions of estrogen receptor (ER) and cell surface receptor, Tyrosine Kinase Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER 2), have emerged as the most important molecular biomarkers determining the breast cancer prognosis. In this study, interactions between ER and HER2 were assessed to determine if they modulate tumor characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue samples from 120 patients with early stage breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy were reviewed to evaluate ER and HER2 status quantified by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization, and the correlation of ER and HER2 with patient characteristics and tumor pathology was studied. RESULTS A total of 37(30.8%) and 80(66.6%) out of 120 samples were HER2 (3+ by immunohistochemistry or positive by fluorescent in situ hybridization) and ER positive (by immunohistochemistry), respectively. ER-negative tumors were significantly more likely to be HER-2 positive than were ER-positive tumors (21.25%; odds ratio, 0.270; 95% CI, 0.119 to 0.612; P = 0.002). ER positivity was associated with <2 cm tumor size and higher histological grade (P = 0.007 and 0.019, respectively). No significant correlation was seen between the co-expression of HER2 and ER and tumor characteristics. CONCLUSION HER2 positive tumors were less common compared to ER positive tumors in early stage breast cancer Iranian patients. Also, higher histological grade among ER negative tumors showed higher aggressiveness of the tumor. Future studies are needed to evaluate the effect of receptor status on prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanifeh Mirtavoos-Mahyari
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adnan Khosravi
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Esfahani-Monfared
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rutherford C, Childs S, Ohotski J, McGlynn L, Riddick M, MacFarlane S, Tasker D, Pyne S, Pyne NJ, Edwards J, Palmer TM. Regulation of cell survival by sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor S1P1 via reciprocal ERK-dependent suppression of Bim and PI-3-kinase/protein kinase C-mediated upregulation of Mcl-1. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e927. [PMID: 24263101 PMCID: PMC3847331 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the ability of bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) to positively regulate anti-apoptotic/pro-survival responses by binding to S1P1 is well known, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that expression of S1P1 renders CCL39 lung fibroblasts resistant to apoptosis following growth factor withdrawal. Resistance to apoptosis was associated with attenuated accumulation of pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein Bim. However, although blockade of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation could reverse S1P1-mediated suppression of Bim accumulation, inhibition of caspase-3 cleavage was unaffected. Instead S1P1-mediated inhibition of caspase-3 cleavage was reversed by inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase C (PKC), which had no effect on S1P1 regulation of Bim. However, S1P1 suppression of caspase-3 was associated with increased expression of anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1, the expression of which was also reduced by inhibition of PI3K and PKC. A role for the induction of Mcl-1 in regulating endogenous S1P receptor-dependent pro-survival responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells was confirmed using S1P receptor agonist FTY720-phosphate (FTY720P). FTY720P induced a transient accumulation of Mcl-1 that was associated with a delayed onset of caspase-3 cleavage following growth factor withdrawal, whereas Mcl-1 knockdown was sufficient to enhance caspase-3 cleavage even in the presence of FTY720P. Consistent with a pro-survival role of S1P1 in disease, analysis of tissue microarrays from ER(+) breast cancer patients revealed a significant correlation between S1P1 expression and tumour cell survival. In these tumours, S1P1 expression and cancer cell survival were correlated with increased activation of ERK, but not the PI3K/PKB pathway. In summary, pro-survival/anti-apoptotic signalling from S1P1 is intimately linked to its ability to promote the accumulation of pro-survival protein Mcl-1 and downregulation of pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein Bim via distinct signalling pathways. However, the functional importance of each pathway is dependent on the specific cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rutherford
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - S Childs
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - J Ohotski
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - L McGlynn
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - M Riddick
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - S MacFarlane
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - D Tasker
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - S Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - N J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - J Edwards
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - T M Palmer
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Bartlett JMS, Brookes CL, Piper T, van de Velde CJH, Stocken D, Lyttle N, Hasenburg A, Quintayo MA, Kieback DG, Putter H, Markopoulos C, Kranenbarg EMK, Mallon EA, Dirix LY, Seynaeve C, Rea DW. Do type 1 receptor tyrosine kinases inform treatment choice? A prospectively planned analysis of the TEAM trial. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2453-61. [PMID: 24091623 PMCID: PMC3817340 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptors contribute to breast cancer relapse during endocrine therapy. Substitution of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) may improve outcomes in HER-positive cancers. METHODS Tissue microarrays were constructed. Quantitative analysis of HER1, HER2, and HER3 was performed. Data were analysed relative to disease-free survival and treatment using outcomes at 2.75 and 6.5 years. RESULTS Among 4541 eligible samples, 4225 (93%) had complete HER1-3 data. Overall, 5% were HER1-positive, 13% HER2-positive, and 21% HER3-positive; 32% (n=1351) overexpressed at least one HER receptor. In the HER1-3-negative subgroup, the hazard ratio (HR) for upfront exemestane vs tamoxifen at 2.75 years was 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52-0.87), in the HER1-3-positive subgroup, the HR was 1.15 (95% CI, 0.85-1.56). A prospectively planned treatment-by-marker analysis demonstrated a significant interaction between HER1-3 and treatment at 2.75 years (HR=0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.87; P=0.008), as confirmed by multivariate regression analysis adjusting for prognostic factors (HR=0.55; 95% CI, 0.36-0.85; P=0.005). This effect was time dependent. CONCLUSION In the 2.75 years prior to switching patients initially treated with tamoxifen to exemestane, a significant treatment-by-marker effect exists between AI/tamoxifen treatment and HER1-3 expression, suggesting HER expression could be used to select appropriate endocrine treatment at diagnosis to prevent or delay early relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M S Bartlett
- Transformative Pathology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada M5G 0A3
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - C L Brookes
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - T Piper
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | | | - D Stocken
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - N Lyttle
- Transformative Pathology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada M5G 0A3
| | - A Hasenburg
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital, Freiburg D-79106, Germany
| | - M A Quintayo
- Transformative Pathology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada M5G 0A3
| | - D G Kieback
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Elblandklinikum, Riesa 01589, Germany
| | - H Putter
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - C Markopoulos
- Department of Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - E M-K Kranenbarg
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - E A Mallon
- Department of Pathology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK
| | - L Y Dirix
- Oncology Center, St Augustinus, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - C Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam 3075EA, The Netherlands
| | - D W Rea
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
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Machleidt A, Buchholz S, Diermeier-Daucher S, Zeman F, Ortmann O, Brockhoff G. The prognostic value of Her4 receptor isoform expression in triple-negative and Her2 positive breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:437. [PMID: 24063248 PMCID: PMC3849049 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Not only four but rather seven different human epidermal growth factor receptor related (Her) receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been described to be expressed in a variety of normal and neoplastic tissues: Her1, Her2, Her3, and additionally four Her4 isoforms have been identified. A differential expression of Her4 isoforms does not, however, play any role in either the molecular diagnostics or treatment decision for breast cancer patients. The prognostic and predictive impact of Her4 expression in breast cancer is basically unclear. METHODS We quantified the Her4 variants JM-a/CYT1, JM-a/CYT2, JM-b/CYT1, and JM-b/CYT2 by isoform-specific polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in (i) triple-negative, (ii) Her2 positive breast cancer tissues and (iii) in benign breast tissues. RESULTS In all three tissue collectives we never found the JM-b/CYT1 or the JM-b/CYT2 isoform expressed. In contrast, the two JM-a/CYT1 and JM-a/CYT2 isoforms were always simultaneously expressed but at different ratios. We identified a positive prognostic impact on overall survival (OS) in triple-negative and event-free survival (EFS) in Her2 positive patients. This finding is independent of the absolute JM-a/CYT1 to JM-a/CYT2 expression ratio. In Her2 positive patients, Her4 expression only has a favorable effect in estrogen-receptor (ER)-positive but not in ER-negative individuals. CONCLUSION In summary, JM-a/CYT1 and JM-a/CYT2 but not JM-b isoforms of the Her4 receptor are simultaneously expressed in both triple-negative and Her2 positive breast cancer tissues. Although different expression ratios of the two JM-a isoforms did not reveal any additional information, Her4 expression basically indicates a prolonged EFS and OFS. An extended expression analysis that takes all Her receptor homologs, including the Her4 isoforms, into account might render more precisely the molecular diagnostics required for the development of optimized targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Machleidt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Caritas Hospital St, Josef, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Strasse 65, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Morrison MM, Hutchinson K, Williams MM, Stanford JC, Balko JM, Young C, Kuba MG, Sánchez V, Williams AJ, Hicks DJ, Arteaga CL, Prat A, Perou CM, Earp HS, Massarweh S, Cook RS. ErbB3 downregulation enhances luminal breast tumor response to antiestrogens. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4329-43. [PMID: 23999432 DOI: 10.1172/jci66764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of the erythroblastosis oncogene B (ErbB) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their ligands is common in human cancers. ErbB3 is required in luminal mammary epithelial cells (MECs) for growth and survival. Since breast cancer phenotypes may reflect biological traits of the MECs from which they originate, we tested the hypothesis that ErbB3 drives luminal breast cancer growth. We found higher ERBB3 expression and more frequent ERBB3 gene copy gains in luminal A/B breast cancers compared with other breast cancer subtypes. In cell culture, ErbB3 increased growth of luminal breast cancer cells. Targeted depletion of ErbB3 with an anti-ErbB3 antibody decreased 3D colony growth, increased apoptosis, and decreased tumor growth in vivo. Treatment of clinical breast tumors with the antiendocrine drug fulvestrant resulted in increased ErbB3 expression and PI3K/mTOR signaling. Depletion of ErbB3 in fulvestrant-treated tumor cells reduced PI3K/mTOR signaling, thus decreasing tumor cell survival and tumor growth. Fulvestrant treatment increased phosphorylation of all ErbB family RTKs; however, phospho-RTK upregulation was not seen in tumors treated with both fulvestrant and anti-ErbB3. These data indicate that upregulation of ErbB3 in luminal breast cancer cells promotes growth, survival, and resistance to fulvestrant, thus suggesting ErbB3 as a target for breast cancer treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drug Synergism
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Estradiol/analogs & derivatives
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estrogen Receptor Modulators/pharmacology
- Female
- Fulvestrant
- Gene Dosage
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-3/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-3/immunology
- Receptor, ErbB-3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
- Transcriptome
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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38
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BEN HASSEN HANEN, KALLEL IMEN, BOUCHAALA LOBNA, REBAI AHMED. ANALYSIS OF BREAST CANCER PROFILES USING BAYESIAN NETWORK MODELING. INT J BIOMATH 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524513500149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death for women in Tunisia and the prognosis of its metastasis remains a major problem for oncologists despite advances in treatment. In this work we use Bayesian networks to develop a decision support system that is based on the modeling of relationships between key signaling proteins and clinical and pathological characteristics of breast tumors and patients. Motivated by the lack of prior information on the parameters of the problem, we use the Implicit inference for the structure and parameter learning. A dataset of 84 Tunisian breast cancer patients was used and new prognosis factors were identified. The system predicts a metastasis risk for different patients by computing a score that is the joint probability of the Bayesian network using parameters estimated on the learning database. Based on the results of the developed system we identified that overexpression of ErbB2, ErbB3, bcl2 as well as of oestrogen and progesterone receptors associated with a low level of ErbB4 was the predominant profile associated with high risk of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- HANEN BEN HASSEN
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax/3038, Tunisia
| | - IMEN KALLEL
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax/3038, Tunisia
| | - LOBNA BOUCHAALA
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax/3038, Tunisia
| | - AHMED REBAI
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax/3038, Tunisia
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Is HER2 overexpression sufficient for optimal response to Pertuzumab? Med Oncol 2012; 29:2565-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Bernard JK, McCann SP, Bhardwaj V, Washington MK, Frey MR. Neuregulin-4 is a survival factor for colon epithelial cells both in culture and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:39850-8. [PMID: 23033483 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.400846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the ErbB4 tyrosine kinase is elevated in colonic epithelial cells during inflammatory bowel disease, whereas ErbB4 overexpression in cultured colonocytes blocks TNF-induced apoptosis in a ligand-dependent manner. Together, these observations suggest that ErbB4 induction may be a protective response. However, the effects of ErbB4 signaling in the colonic epithelium in vivo are not known. Furthermore, previous work on ErbB4 used ligands shared with other receptors, raising the question of whether the observed responses are explicitly due to ErbB4. In this study, we used the ErbB4-specific ligand neuregulin-4 (NRG4) to activate ErbB4 and define its role in colonocyte biology. NRG4 treatment, either in cultured cells or in mice, blocked colonic epithelial apoptosis induced by TNF and IFN-γ. It was also protective in a murine experimental colitis model. NRG4 stimulated phosphorylation of ErbB4 but not other ErbB receptors, indicating that this is a specific response. Furthermore, in contrast to related ligands, NRG4 enhanced cell survival but not proliferation or migration, and stimulated phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic mediator Akt but not ERK MAPK. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling reversed the anti-apoptotic effects of NRG4, confirming the role of this cascade in NRG4-induced cell survival. With regard to the potential clinical importance of this pathway, NRG4 expression was decreased in human inflammatory bowel disease samples and mouse models of colitis, suggesting that activation of ErbB4 is altered in disease. Thus, exogenous NRG4 may be beneficial for disorders in which epithelial apoptosis is part of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Bernard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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41
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Oloomi M, Bouzari S, Mohagheghi MA, Khodayaran-Tehrani H. Molecular markers in peripheral blood of Iranian women with breast cancer. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2012; 6:109-16. [PMID: 22828927 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-012-0118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A biomarker is a quantifiable laboratory measure of a disease specific biologically relevant molecule that can act as an indicator of a current or future disease state. The purpose of this study is to detect the expression of RNA biomarkers using Cytokeratin 19 (CK-19), Mammaglobin (MAM), Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Mucin (MUC), C-Myc, erb-B2, a proliferation marker (Ki-67), Epidermal growth factor receptor (Her2/neu) and Estrogen receptor (ER) in Iranian women who were diagnosed with breast cancer. In this study, 90 samples; 60 cancer patients and 30 healthy controls were considered. 73.4 % patients were in stage I/II and 26.6 % were in stage III/IV. Patients were selected prior to the administration of any adjuvant systemic therapy. Total RNA extraction was obtained from peripheral blood of each patient and healthy control. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used for detection of mRNA of the selected biomarkers of circulating breast cancer cells in blood. Molecular characterization is assessed as a method for early detection of breast cancer. For this purpose, eleven specific primers were selected and RT-PCR was used. The data of RT-PCR revealed that expression of MUC1, CK19, CEA, MAM, erbB-2, Ki67 and C-Myc biomarkers were significantly different between breast cancer patients and healthy controls. On the other hand, ERα, ERβ and Her2 markers were not significantly different between the two mentioned groups. Biomarkers detection of breast cancer patients could be assessed as a diagnostic factor and its potential for conveying as a prognostic factor require further studies, with a larger number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Oloomi
- Molecular Biology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., 13164, Tehran, Iran,
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42
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Ohotski J, Edwards J, Elsberger B, Watson C, Orange C, Mallon E, Pyne S, Pyne NJ. Identification of novel functional and spatial associations between sphingosine kinase 1, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors and other signaling proteins that affect prognostic outcome in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:605-16. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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43
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Tamaki K, Ishida T, Tamaki N, Kamada Y, Uehara K, Miyashita M, Amari M, Tadano-Sato A, Takahashi Y, Watanabe M, McNamara K, Ohuchi N, Sasano H. Analysis of clinically relevant values of Ki-67 labeling index in Japanese breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer 2012; 21:325-33. [PMID: 22782361 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-012-0387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has become important to standardize the methods of Ki-67 evaluation in breast cancer patients, especially those used in the interpretation and scoring of immunoreactivity. Therefore, in this study, we examined the Ki-67 immunoreactivity of breast cancer surgical specimens processed and stained in the same manner in one single Japanese institution by counting nuclear immunoreactivity in the same fashion. METHODS We examined 408 Japanese breast cancers with invasive ductal carcinoma and studied the correlation between Ki-67 labeling index and ER/HER2 status and histological grade of breast cancer. We also analyzed overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of these patients according to individual Ki-67 labeling index. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences of Ki-67 labeling index between ER positive/HER2 negative and ER positive/HER2 positive, ER negative/HER2 positive or ER negative/HER2 negative, and ER positive/HER2 positive and ER negative/HER2 negative groups (all P < 0.001). There were also statistically significant differences of Ki-67 labeling index among each histological grade (P < 0.001, respectively). As for multivariate analyses, Ki-67 labeling index was strongly associated with OS (HR 39.12, P = 0.031) and DFS (HR 10.85, P = 0.011) in ER positive and HER2 negative breast cancer patients. In addition, a statistically significant difference was noted between classical luminal A group and "20 % luminal A" in DFS (P = 0.039) but not between classical luminal A group and "25 % luminal A" (P = 0.105). CONCLUSIONS A significant positive correlation was detected between Ki-67 labeling index and ER/HER2 status and histological grades of the cases examined in our study. The suggested optimal cutoff point of Ki-67 labeling index is between 20 and 25 % in ER positive and HER2 negative breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tamaki
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nahanishi Clinic, 2-1-9 Akamine, Naha, Okinawa, 901-0154, Japan,
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Mohammed ZMA, Edwards J, Orange C, Mallon E, Doughty JC, McMillan DC, Going JJ. Breast cancer outcomes by steroid hormone receptor status assessed visually and by computer image analysis. Histopathology 2012; 61:283-92. [PMID: 22571413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the assessment of steroid hormone receptor immunohistochemistry by eye and by computer-aided image analysis, and to examine their relationships with survival in breast cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS Allred scores and weighted histoscores for oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) immunohistochemistry were determined by eye (visual histoscore) for 459 primary invasive ductal breast carcinomas in triplicate tissue microarrays. Histoscores were also determined by computerized image analysis (automated histoscore). ER and PR status determined by these different methods were compared with each other and in their ability to predict survival over at least 142 months of follow-up. Allred and visual histoscore were highly associated for ER and PR (both P < 0.001). By univariate analysis, Allred score and visual histoscore for ER and PR were highly associated with recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival (both P < 0.001) in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer overall, in those who received tamoxifen, and in those with recurrence on tamoxifen. Visual and automated histoscores were in excellent agreement for ER and PR (both P < 0.001), and were equally effective in predicting recurrence and survival for patients with invasive breast cancer who received tamoxifen. CONCLUSIONS Automated histoscore appears to be a valid alternative to visual histoscore or Allred score for determining ER and PR status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra M A Mohammed
- Academic Unit of Surgery, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
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45
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Schrohl AS, Pedersen HC, Jensen SS, Nielsen SL, Brünner N. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunoreactivity: specificity of three pharmacodiagnostic antibodies. Histopathology 2012; 59:975-83. [PMID: 22092409 PMCID: PMC3263426 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aims The availability of specific antibody-based test systems is essential to testing of HER2 protein expression. Here, we mapped epitopes recognized by three pharmacodiagnostic HER2 antibodies and investigated their specificity towards peptides and fusion proteins homologous to the intracellular domains of HER1, HER2, HER3 and HER4. The investigated antibodies were PATHWAY® HER2 (clone 4B5; Ventana Medical Systems Inc., Tucson, AZ, USA), HercepTest™ (Dako Denmark A/S, Glostrup, Denmark), and Oracle® HER2 (clone CB11; Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). Methods and results Epitopes were mapped using the alanine scanning method. Specificity was investigated in immunohistochemical stainings, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. All three antibodies reacted with HER2 proteins and peptides in immunohistochemical stainings, ELISA and immunoblotting. PATHWAY® HER2 also stained HER4-expressing cells, reacted with HER4 peptide in ELISA and detected HER4 fusion protein in an immunoblot. Oracle® HER2 weakly detected HER4 in immunohistochemical stainings, whereas the HercepTest™ antibody showed no cross-reactivity with other HER proteins. Conclusion Our study shows that the PATHWAY® HER2 antibody can bind HER4 peptides and fusion proteins in three different experimental settings. This should be investigated further to determine whether binding of HER4 also occurs in tissue samples and if such binding would have implications for therapy decisions for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Schrohl
- The Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute for Veterinary Disease Biology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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46
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Du Y, Yang H, Xu Y, Cang X, Luo C, Mao Y, Wang Y, Qin G, Luo X, Jiang H. Conformational transition and energy landscape of ErbB4 activated by neuregulin1β: one microsecond molecular dynamics simulations. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:6720-31. [PMID: 22316159 DOI: 10.1021/ja211941d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ErbB4, a receptor tyrosine kinase of the ErbB family, plays crucial roles in cell growth and differentiation, especially in the development of the heart and nervous system. Ligand binding to its extracellular region could modulate the activation process. To understand the mechanism of ErbB4 activation induced by ligand binding, we performed one microsecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on the ErbB4 extracellular region (ECR) with and without its endogenous ligand neuregulin1β (NRG1β). The conformational transition of the ECR-ErbB4/NRG1β complex from a tethered inactive conformation to an extended active-like form has been observed, while such large and function-related conformational change has not been seen in the simulation on the ECR-ErbB4, suggesting that ligand binding is indeed the active inducing force for the conformational transition and further dimerization. On the basis of MD simulations and principal component analysis, we constructed a rough energy landscape for the conformational transition of ECR-ErbB4/NRG1β complex, suggesting that the conformational change from the inactive state to active-like state involves a stable conformation. The energy barrier for the tether opening was estimated as ~2.7 kcal/mol, which is very close to the experimental value (1-2 kcal/mol) reported for ErbB1. On the basis of the simulation results, an atomic mechanism for the ligand-induced activation of ErbB4 was postulated. The present MD simulations provide a new insight into the conformational changes underlying the activation of ErbB4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Du
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Carlsson J. Potential for clinical radionuclide-based imaging and therapy of common cancers expressing EGFR-family receptors. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:653-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Yang XQ, Chen C, Peng CW, Hou JX, Liu SP, Qi CB, Gong YP, Zhu XB, Pang DW, Li Y. Quantum dot-based quantitative immunofluorescence detection and spectrum analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor in breast cancer tissue arrays. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2265-73. [PMID: 22072864 PMCID: PMC3205123 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s24161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a promising therapeutic target in cancer, but its clinical value in breast cancer remains controversial. Our previous studies have found that quantitative analysis of biomarkers with quantum dot-based nanotechnology had better detection performance than conventional immunohistochemistry. The present study was undertaken to investigate the prognostic value of EGFR in breast cancer using quantum dot-based quantitative spectral analysis. METHODS EGFR expression in 65 breast cancer specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantum dot-immunohistochemistry, and comparisons were made between the two methods. EGFR expression in tissue microarrays of 240 breast cancer patients was then detected by quantum dot-immunohistochemistry and spectral analysis. The prognostic value of EGFR immunofluorescence area (EGFR area) for five-year recurrence-free survival was investigated. RESULTS The same antigen localization, high correlation of staining rates (r = 0.914), and high agreement of measurement (κ = 0.848) of EGFR expression in breast cancer were found by quantum dot-immunohistochemistry and immunohistochemistry. The EGFR area showed significant differences by tumor grade, lymph node status, HER2 status, and hormone receptor status (all P < 0.05). Patients in the large EGFR area (≥ 30.51) group had a significantly higher five-year recurrence rate (47.2% versus 27.4%, P = 0.002) and worse five-year recurrence-free survival (log-rank test, P = 0.0015) than those in the small EGFR area (<30.51) group. In the subgroups, EGFR area was an independent prognosticator in the HER2-positive and lymph node-positive subgroups. CONCLUSION Quantum dot-based quantitative detection demonstrates the prognostic value of EGFR area in the HER2-positive and lymph node-positive subgroups of invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qin Yang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory on Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Dowsett M, Nielsen TO, A'Hern R, Bartlett J, Coombes RC, Cuzick J, Ellis M, Henry NL, Hugh JC, Lively T, McShane L, Paik S, Penault-Llorca F, Prudkin L, Regan M, Salter J, Sotiriou C, Smith IE, Viale G, Zujewski JA, Hayes DF. Assessment of Ki67 in breast cancer: recommendations from the International Ki67 in Breast Cancer working group. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011; 103:1656-64. [PMID: 21960707 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djr393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1254] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled proliferation is a hallmark of cancer. In breast cancer, immunohistochemical assessment of the proportion of cells staining for the nuclear antigen Ki67 has become the most widely used method for comparing proliferation between tumor samples. Potential uses include prognosis, prediction of relative responsiveness or resistance to chemotherapy or endocrine therapy, estimation of residual risk in patients on standard therapy and as a dynamic biomarker of treatment efficacy in samples taken before, during, and after neoadjuvant therapy, particularly neoadjuvant endocrine therapy. Increasingly, Ki67 is measured in these scenarios for clinical research, including as a primary efficacy endpoint for clinical trials, and sometimes for clinical management. At present, the enormous variation in analytical practice markedly limits the value of Ki67 in each of these contexts. On March 12, 2010, an international panel of investigators with substantial expertise in the assessment of Ki67 and in the development of biomarker guidelines was convened in London by the co-chairs of the Breast International Group and North American Breast Cancer Group Biomarker Working Party to consider evidence for potential applications. Comprehensive recommendations on preanalytical and analytical assessment, and interpretation and scoring of Ki67 were formulated based on current evidence. These recommendations are geared toward achieving a harmonized methodology, create greater between-laboratory and between-study comparability, and allow earlier valid applications of this marker in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch Dowsett
- Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Centre, Fulham Road, London, UK.
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Trocmé E, Mougiakakos D, Johansson CC, All-Eriksson C, Economou MA, Larsson O, Seregard S, Kiessling R, Lin Y. Nuclear HER3 is associated with favorable overall survival in uveal melanoma. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:1120-7. [PMID: 21484789 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
HER3 is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family and is expressed in several types of cancer. Both the cytoplasmic and nuclear appearances of the receptor have been reported. Here, we investigate the expression and subcellular distribution of HER3 in uveal melanoma (UM) cells and tissues and its potential impact on clinical outcome of patients. Paraffin-embedded samples from 128 consecutive UM patients, enucleated without alternative treatment on UM diagnosis, were evaluated for HER3 using immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity was scored for frequency, intensity of positive cells, and subcellular distribution. The results were correlated with the established clinicopathological parameters using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. HER3 expression was shown in 70% of the cases (89/128). This contrasts with the other EGFR family receptors (EGFR, HER2 and HER4) that are infrequently expressed in UM. Surprisingly, HER3 was found to be localized solely in the cell nuclei in 56 cases. The remaining 33 HER3 positive cases showed diffuse distribution (cytoplasmic ± nuclear). Nuclear HER3 was independently correlated with a more favorable overall survival (p = 0.043 and hazard ratio = 0.618) compared to cases with diffuse and/or no HER3. Nuclear localization of HER3 was also confirmed in fresh UM material and in UM cell lines. In conclusion, HER3 is frequently localized solely in the cell nuclei in UM and as such it predicts a more favorable overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Trocmé
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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