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Krenzlin H, Wesp DMA, Korinek AAE, Ubbens H, Volland J, Masomi-Bornwasser J, Weber KJ, Mole D, Sommer C, Ringel F, Alessandri B, Keric N. Effects of Argon in the Acute Phase of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in an Endovascular Perforation Model in Rats. Neurocrit Care 2024:10.1007/s12028-024-02090-3. [PMID: 39174846 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-024-02090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality. Neuroprotective effects of the noble gas argon have been shown in animal models of ischemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of argon in the immediate early phase of SAH in a rat model. METHODS A total of 19 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. SAH was induced using a endovascular filament perforation model. Cerebral blood flow, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and body temperature were measured continuously. Group A received 2 h of ventilation by 50% argon/50% O2 (n = 7) immediately following SAH. Group B underwent a sham operation and was also ventilated by 50% argon/50% O2 (n = 6). Group C underwent SAH and 50% O2/50% N2 ventilation (n = 6). Preoperative and postoperative neurological and behavioral testing were performed. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the extent of brain injury and vasospasm. RESULTS The cerebral blood flow dropped in both treatment groups after SAH induction (SAH, 63.0 ± 11.6% of baseline; SAH + argon, 80.2 ± 8.2% of baseline). During SAH, MAP increased (135.2 ± 10.5%) compared with baseline values (85.8 ± 26.0 mm Hg) and normalized thereafter. MAP in both groups showed no significant differences (p = 0.3123). Immunohistochemical staining for neuronal nuclear antigen demonstrated a decrease of hippocampal immunoreactivity after SAH in the cornu ammonis region (CA) 1-3 compared with baseline hippocampal immunoreactivity (p = 0.0127). Animals in the argon-ventilated group showed less neuronal loss compared with untreated SAH animals (p < 0.0001). Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 staining showed a decreased accumulation after SAH + argon (CA1, 2.57 ± 2.35%; CA2, 1.89 ± 1.89%; CA3, 2.19 ± 1.99%; DG, 2.6 ± 2.24%) compared with untreated SAH animals (CA1, 5.48 ± 2.39%; CA2, 4.85 ± 4.06%; CA3, 4.22 ± 3.01%; dentate gyrus (DG), 3.82 ± 3.23%; p = 0.0007). The neuroscore assessment revealed no treatment benefit after SAH compared with baseline (p = 0.385). CONCLUSION In the present study, neuroprotective effects of argon occurred early after SAH. Because neurological deterioration was similar in the preadministration and absence of argon, it remains uncertain if neuroprotective effects translate in improved outcome over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Krenzlin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Dominik M A Wesp
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anika A E Korinek
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Henning Ubbens
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jakob Volland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Masomi-Bornwasser
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina J Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Mole
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Clemens Sommer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Ringel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beat Alessandri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Naureen Keric
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Bao L, Liu Y, Jia Q, Chu S, Jiang H, He S. Argon neuroprotection in ischemic stroke and its underlying mechanism. Brain Res Bull 2024; 212:110964. [PMID: 38670471 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS), primarily caused by cerebrovascular obstruction, results in severe neurological deficits and has emerged as a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Recently, there has been increasing exploration of the neuroprotective properties of the inert gas argon. Argon has exhibited impressive neuroprotection in many in vivo and ex vivo experiments without signs of adverse effects, coupled with the advantages of being inexpensive and easily available. However, the efficient administration strategy and underlying mechanisms of neuroprotection by argon in IS are still unclear. This review summarizes current research on the neuroprotective effects of argon in IS with the goal to provide effective guidance for argon application and to elucidate the potential mechanisms of argon neuroprotection. Early and appropriate argon administration at as high a concentration as possible offers favorable neuroprotection in IS. Argon inhalation has been shown to provide some long-term protection benefits. Argon provides the anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic cytoprotective effects mainly around Toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4), mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) and B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Therefore, argon holds significant promise as a novel clinical neuroprotective gas agent for ischemic stroke after further researches to identify the optimal application strategy and elucidate the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bao
- Department of Stroke Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Liu
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Jia
- Department of Stroke Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihao Chu
- Department of Stroke Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Jiang
- Department of Stroke Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang He
- Department of Stroke Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China.
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Merigo G, Florio G, Madotto F, Magliocca A, Silvestri I, Fumagalli F, Cerrato M, Motta F, De Giorgio D, Panigada M, Zanella A, Grasselli G, Ristagno G. Treatment with inhaled Argon: a systematic review of pre-clinical and clinical studies with meta-analysis on neuroprotective effect. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105143. [PMID: 38691938 PMCID: PMC11070688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Argon (Ar) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic agent in multiple clinical conditions, specifically in organ protection. However, conflicting data on pre-clinical models, together with a great variability in Ar administration protocols and outcome assessments, have been reported. The aim of this study was to review evidence on treatment with Ar, with an extensive investigation on its neuroprotective effect, and to summarise all tested administration protocols. METHODS Using the PubMed database, all existing pre-clinical and clinical studies on the treatment with Ar were systematically reviewed (registration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7983D). Study titles and abstracts were screened, extracting data from relevant studies post full-text review. Exclusion criteria included absence of full text and non-English language. Furthermore, meta-analysis was also performed to assess Ar potential as neuroprotectant agent in different clinical conditions: cardiac arrest, traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, subarachnoid haemorrhage. Standardised mean differences for neurological, cognitive and locomotor, histological, and physiological measures were evaluated, through appropriate tests, clinical, and laboratory variables. In vivo studies were evaluated for risk of bias using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation tool, while in vitro studies underwent assessment with a tool developed by the Office of Health Assessment and Translation. FINDINGS The systematic review detected 60 experimental studies (16 in vitro, 7 ex vivo, 31 in vivo, 6 with both in vitro and in vivo) investigating the role of Ar. Only one clinical study was found. Data from six in vitro and nineteen in vivo studies were included in the meta-analyses. In pre-clinical models, Ar administration resulted in improved neurological, cognitive and locomotor, and histological outcomes without any change in physiological parameters (i.e., absence of adverse events). INTERPRETATION This systematic review and meta-analysis based on experimental studies supports the neuroprotective effect of Ar, thus providing a rationale for potential translation of Ar treatment in humans. Despite adherence to established guidelines and methodologies, limitations in data availability prevented further analyses to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity due to study design. FUNDING This study was funded in part by Italian Ministry of Health-Current researchIRCCS and by Ministero della Salute Italiano, Ricerca Finalizzata, project no. RF 2019-12371416.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Merigo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Florio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana Madotto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Magliocca
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Silvestri
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Fumagalli
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Cerrato
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Motta
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daria De Giorgio
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Panigada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zanella
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Grasselli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ristagno
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Hancock JT. Are Protein Cavities and Pockets Commonly Used by Redox Active Signalling Molecules? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2594. [PMID: 37514209 PMCID: PMC10383989 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
It has been well known for a long time that inert gases, such as xenon (Xe), have significant biological effects. As these atoms are extremely unlikely to partake in direct chemical reactions with biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, there must be some other mode of action to account for the effects reported. It has been shown that the topology of proteins allows for cavities and hydrophobic pockets, and it is via an interaction with such protein structures that inert gases are thought to have their action. Recently, it has been mooted that the relatively inert gas molecular hydrogen (H2) may also have its effects via such a mechanism, influencing protein structures and actions. H2 is thought to also act via interaction with redox active compounds, particularly the hydroxyl radical (·OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-), but not nitric oxide (NO·), superoxide anions (O2·-) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, instead of having a direct interaction with H2, is there any evidence that these redox compounds can also interact with Xe pockets and cavities in proteins, either having an independent effect on proteins or interfering with the action of inert gases? This suggestion will be explored here.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Hancock
- School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
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Rao JS, Pruett TL. Immunology of the transplanted cryopreserved kidney. Cryobiology 2023; 110:1-7. [PMID: 36640932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation has substituted dysfunctional organs with healthy organs from donors to significantly lower morbidity and mortality associated with end-stage organ disease. Since the advent of transplantation, the promise of functional replacement has attracted an exponential mismatch between organ supply and demand. Theoretical proposals to counter the increasing needs have either been to create a source through genetic engineering of porcine donors for xenotransplantation (with more potent immunosuppression protocols) or recreate one's organ in a pig using interspecies blastocyst complementation for exogenic organ transplantation (without immunosuppression). Another promising avenue has been organ banking through cryopreservation for transplantation. Although ice free preservation and acceptable early function following rewarming is critical for success in transplantation, the immunological response that predominantly defines short- and long-term graft survival has failed to captivate attention to date. It is well sorted that thermal and metabolic stress incurred at 4 °C during recovery and reperfusion of organs for clinical transplantation has varying impact on graft survival. Considering the magnitude of cellular imbalance and injury at sub-zero/ultralow temperatures in addition to the chemical toxicity of cryoprotective agents (CPA), it is essential to assess and address the immunological response associated following transplantation to maximize the success of cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sushil Rao
- Division of Solid Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Timothy L Pruett
- Division of Solid Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Yin H, Chen Z, Zhao H, Huang H, Liu W. Noble gas and neuroprotection: From bench to bedside. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1028688. [PMID: 36532733 PMCID: PMC9750501 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1028688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, inert gases such as helium, argon, and xenon have gained considerable attention for their medical value. Noble gases present an intriguing scientific paradox: although extremely chemically inert, they display a remarkable spectrum of clinically useful biological properties. Despite a relative paucity of knowledge about their mechanisms of action, some noble gases have been used successfully in clinical practice. The neuroprotection elicited by these noble gases has been investigated in experimental animal models of various types of brain injuries, such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. Collectively, these central nervous system injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality every year worldwide. Treatment options are presently limited to thrombolytic drugs and clot removal for ischemic stroke, or therapeutic cooling for other brain injuries before the application of noble gas. Currently, there is increasing interest in noble gases as novel treatments for various brain injuries. In recent years, neuroprotection elicited by particular noble gases, xenon, for example, has been reported under different conditions. In this article, we have reviewed the latest in vitro and in vivo experimental and clinical studies of the actions of xenon, argon, and helium, and discuss their potential use as neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailin Zhao
- Division of Anesthetics, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Han Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Department of Anesthesia Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
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He J, Xue K, Liu J, Gu JH, Peng B, Xu L, Wang G, Jiang Z, Li X, Zhang Y. Timely and Appropriate Administration of Inhaled Argon Provides Better Outcomes for tMCAO Mice: A Controlled, Randomized, and Double-Blind Animal Study. Neurocrit Care 2022; 37:91-101. [PMID: 35137354 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-022-01448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled argon (iAr) has shown promising therapeutic efficacy for acute ischemic stroke and has exhibited impressive advantages over other inert gases as a neuroprotective agent. However, the optimal dose, duration, and time point of iAr for acute ischemic stroke are unknown. Here, we explored variable iAr schedules and evaluated the neuroprotective effects of acute iAr administration on lesion volume, brain edema, and neurological function in a mouse model of cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury. METHODS Adult ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice were randomly subjected to sham, moderate (1.5 h), or severe (3 h) transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). One hour after tMCAO, the mice were randomized to variable iAr protocols or air. General and focal deficit scores were assessed during double-blind treatment. Infarct volume, overall recovery, and brain edema were analyzed 24 h after cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury. RESULTS Compared with those in the tMCAO-only group, lesion volume (p < 0.0001) and neurologic outcome (general, p < 0.0001; focal, p < 0.0001) were significantly improved in the group administered iAr 1 h after stroke onset (during ischemia). Short-term argon treatment (1 or 3 h) significantly improved the infarct volume (1 vs. 24 h, p < 0.0001; 3 vs. 24 h, p < 0.0001) compared with argon inhalation for 24 h. The concentration of iAr was confirmed to be a key factor in improving focal neurological outcomes relative to that in the tMCAO group, with higher concentrations of iAr showing better effects. Additionally, even though ischemia research has shown an increase in cerebral damage proportional to the ischemia time, argon administration showed significant neuroprotective effects on infarct volume (p < 0.0001), neurological deficits (general, p < 0.0001; focal, p < 0.0001), weight recovery (p < 0.0001), and edema (p < 0.0001) in general, particularly in moderate stroke. CONCLUSIONS Timely iAr administration during ischemia showed optimal neurological outcomes and minimal infarct volumes. Moreover, an appropriate duration of argon administration was important for better neuroprotective efficacy. These findings may provide vital guidance for using argon as a neuroprotective agent and moving to clinical trials in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan He
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Xue
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Hua Gu
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenglin Jiang
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China.
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Antonova VV, Silachev DN, Ryzhkov IA, Lapin KN, Kalabushev SN, Ostrova IV, Varnakova LA, Grebenchikov OA. Three-Hour Argon Inhalation Has No Neuroprotective Effect after Open Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070920. [PMID: 35884727 PMCID: PMC9313057 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo studies of the therapeutic effects of argon in traumatic brain injury (TBI) are limited, and their results are contradictory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a three-hour inhalation of argon (70%Ar/30%O2) after an open TBI on the severity of the neurological deficit and the degree of brain damage in rats. The experiments were performed on male Wistar rats (n = 35). The TBI was simulated by the dosed open brain contusion injury. The animals were divided into three groups: sham-operated (SO, n = 7); TBI + 70%N2/30%O2 (TBI, n = 14); TBI + 70%Ar/30%O2 (TBI + iAr, n = 14). The Neurological status was assessed over a 14-day period (using the limb-placing and cylinder tests). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and a histological examination of the brain with an assessment of the volume of the lesions were performed 14 days after the injury. At each of the time points (days 1, 7, and 14), the limb-placing test score was lower in the TBI and TBI + iAr groups than in the SO group, while there were no significant differences between the TBI and TBI + iAr groups. Additionally, no differences were found between these groups in the cylinder test scores (day 13). The volume of brain damage (tissue loss) according to both the MRI and histological findings did not differ between the TBI and TBI + iAr groups. A three-hour inhalation of argon (70%Ar/30%O2) after a TBI had no neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya V. Antonova
- V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.R.); (K.N.L.); (S.N.K.); (I.V.O.); (L.A.V.); (O.A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-938-500-3034
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ivan A. Ryzhkov
- V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.R.); (K.N.L.); (S.N.K.); (I.V.O.); (L.A.V.); (O.A.G.)
| | - Konstantin N. Lapin
- V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.R.); (K.N.L.); (S.N.K.); (I.V.O.); (L.A.V.); (O.A.G.)
| | - Sergey N. Kalabushev
- V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.R.); (K.N.L.); (S.N.K.); (I.V.O.); (L.A.V.); (O.A.G.)
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Ostrova
- V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.R.); (K.N.L.); (S.N.K.); (I.V.O.); (L.A.V.); (O.A.G.)
| | - Lydia A. Varnakova
- V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.R.); (K.N.L.); (S.N.K.); (I.V.O.); (L.A.V.); (O.A.G.)
| | - Oleg A. Grebenchikov
- V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.R.); (K.N.L.); (S.N.K.); (I.V.O.); (L.A.V.); (O.A.G.)
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Wang J, Cai C, Geng P, Tan F, Yang Q, Wang R, Shen W. A New Discovery of Argon Functioning in Plants: Regulation of Salinity Tolerance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061168. [PMID: 35740064 PMCID: PMC9220380 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Argon, a non-polar molecule, easily diffuses into deeper tissue and interacts with larger proteins, protein cavities, or even receptors. Some of the biological effects of argon, notably its activity as an antioxidant, have been revealed in animals. However, whether and how argon influences plant physiology remains elusive. Here, we provide the first report that argon can enable plants to cope with salinity toxicity. Considering the convenience of the application, argon gas was dissolved into water (argon-rich water (ARW)) to investigate the argon’s functioning in phenotypes of alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth upon salinity stress. The biochemical evidence showed that NaCl-decreased α/β-amylase activities were abolished by the application of ARW. The qPCR experiments confirmed that ARW increased NHX1 (Na+/H+ antiporter) transcript and decreased SKOR (responsible for root-to-shoot translocation of K+) mRNA abundance, the latter of which could be used to explain the lower net K+ efflux and higher K accumulation. Subsequent results using non-invasive micro-test technology showed that the argon-intensified net Na+ efflux and its reduced Na accumulation resulted in a lower Na+/K+ ratio. NaCl-triggered redox imbalance and oxidative stress were impaired by ARW, as confirmed by histochemical and confocal analyses, and increased antioxidant defense was also detected. Combined with the pot experiments in a greenhouse, the above results clearly demonstrated that argon can enable plants to cope with salinity toxicity via reestablishing ion and redox homeostasis. To our knowledge, this is the first report to address the function of argon in plant physiology, and together these findings might open a new window for the study of argon biology in plant kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.W.); (C.C.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Chenxu Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.W.); (C.C.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Puze Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.W.); (C.C.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Feng Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.W.); (C.C.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.W.); (C.C.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Ren Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.W.); (C.C.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (Q.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-84399032
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Zhang J, Liu W, Bi M, Xu J, Yang H, Zhang Y. Noble Gases Therapy in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases: The Novel Stars? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:802783. [PMID: 35369316 PMCID: PMC8966230 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.802783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiocerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide; therefore, to deeply explore the pathogenesis of CCVDs and to find the cheap and efficient strategies to prevent and treat CCVDs, these are of great clinical and social significance. The discovery of nitric oxide (NO), as one of the endothelium-derived relaxing factors and its successful utilization in clinical practice for CCVDs, provides new ideas for us to develop drugs for CCVDs: “gas medicine” or “medical gases.” The endogenous gas molecules such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (SO2), methane (CH4), and hydrogen (H2) have essential biological effects on modulating cardiocerebrovascular homeostasis and CCVDs. Moreover, it has been shown that noble gas atoms such as helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), and xenon (Xe) display strong cytoprotective effects and therefore, act as the exogenous pharmacologic preventive and therapeutic agents for CCVDs. Mechanistically, besides the competitive inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in nervous system by xenon, the key and common mechanisms of noble gases are involved in modulation of cell death and inflammatory or immune signals. Moreover, gases interaction and reduction in oxidative stress are emerging as the novel biological mechanisms of noble gases. Therefore, to investigate the precise actions of noble gases on redox signals, gases interaction, different cell death forms, and the emerging field of gasoimmunology, which focus on the effects of gas atoms/molecules on innate immune signaling or immune cells under both the homeostatic and perturbed conditions, these will help us to uncover the mystery of noble gases in modulating CCVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongshan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Research Centre for Integrative Medicine (Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis and Therapy Research), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingmin Bi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinwen Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Research Centre for Integrative Medicine (Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis and Therapy Research), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Research Centre for Integrative Medicine (Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis and Therapy Research), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Schneider FI, Krieg SM, Lindauer U, Stoffel M, Ryang YM. Neuroprotective Effects of the Inert Gas Argon on Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury In Vivo with the Controlled Cortical Impact Model in Mice. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020158. [PMID: 35205025 PMCID: PMC8869506 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Traumatic brain injuries remain one of the leading causes of death in the western world and developing countries. There is an urgent need for causal therapies for such injuries. The noble gas argon has already shown promising results in in-vitro models. The influence of argon on the extent of damage after a craniocerebral trauma will be investigated in this study, in vivo, in mice. After the trauma, the animals were examined for neurological impairments and their brains were removed to detect brain edema and microscopically detectable alterations. Abstract Argon has shown neuroprotective effects after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cerebral ischemia in vitro and in focal cerebral ischemia in vivo. The purpose of this study is to show whether argon beneficially impacts brain contusion volume (BCV) as the primary outcome parameter, as well as secondary outcome parameters, such as brain edema, intracranial pressure (ICP), neurological outcome, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in an in-vivo model. Subjects were randomly assigned to either argon treatment or room air. After applying controlled cortical impact (CCI) onto the dura with 8 m/s (displacement 1 mm, impact duration 150 ms), treatment was administered by a recovery chamber with 25%, 50%, or 75% argon and the rest being oxygen for 4 h after trauma. Two control groups received room air for 15 min and 24 h, respectively. Neurological testing and ICP measurements were performed 24 h after trauma, and brains were removed to measure secondary brain damage. The primary outcome parameter, BCV, and the secondary outcome parameter, brain edema, were not significantly reduced by argon treatment at any concentration. There was a highly significant decrease in ICP at 50% argon (p = 0.001), and significant neurological improvement (beamwalk missteps) at 25% and 50% argon (p = 0.01; p = 0.049 respectively) compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz I. Schneider
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (F.I.S.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (Y.-M.R.)
| | - Sandro M. Krieg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (F.I.S.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (Y.-M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4140-2151
| | - Ute Lindauer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (F.I.S.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (Y.-M.R.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum der RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Stoffel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (F.I.S.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (Y.-M.R.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helios Kliniken, 47805 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Yu-Mi Ryang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (F.I.S.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (Y.-M.R.)
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12
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Post-stroke treatment with argon preserved neurons and attenuated microglia/macrophage activation long-termly in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Sci Rep 2022; 12:691. [PMID: 35027642 PMCID: PMC8758662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study from our group, argon has shown to significantly attenuate brain injury, reduce brain inflammation and enhance M2 microglia/macrophage polarization until 7 days after ischemic stroke. However, the long-term effects of argon have not been reported thus far. In the present study, we analyzed the underlying neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of argon, up to 30 days after ischemic stroke. Argon administration with a 3 h delay after stroke onset and 1 h after reperfusion demonstrated long-term neuroprotective effect by preserving the neurons at the ischemic boundary zone 30 days after stroke. Furthermore, the excessive microglia/macrophage activation in rat brain was reduced by argon treatment 30 days after ischemic insult. However, long-lasting neurological improvement was not detectable. More sensorimotor functional measures, age- and disease-related models, as well as further histological and molecular biological analyses will be needed to extend the understanding of argon’s neuroprotective effects and mechanism of action after ischemic stroke.
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Repetitive Treatment with Volatile Anesthetics Does Not Affect the In Vivo Plasma Concentration and Composition of Extracellular Vesicles in Rats. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1997-2010. [PMID: 34889902 PMCID: PMC8929111 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anesthetic-induced preconditioning (AIP) with volatile anesthetics is a well-known experimental technique to protect tissues from ischemic injury or oxidative stress. Additionally, plasmatic extracellular vesicle (EV) populations and their cargo are known to be affected by AIP in vitro, and to provide organ protective properties via their cargo. We investigated whether AIP would affect the generation of EVs in an in vivo rat model. Methods: Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats received a repetitive treatment with either isoflurane or with sevoflurane for a duration of 4 or 8 weeks. EVs from blood plasma were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Western blot. A scratch assay (H9C2 cardiomyoblast cell line) was performed to investigate the protective capabilities of the isolated EVs. Results: TEM images as well as Western blot analysis indicated that EVs were successfully isolated. The AIP changed the flotillin and CD63 expression on the EV surface, but not the EV concentration. The scratch assay did not show increased cell migration and/or proliferation after EV treatment. Conclusion: AIP in rats changed the cargo of EVs but had no effect on EV concentration or cell migration/proliferation. Future studies are needed to investigate the cargo on a miRNA level and to investigate the properties of these EVs in additional functional experiments.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the current data on neuroprotection derived by noble gas treatment focusing on xenon and argon. RECENT FINDINGS Both xenon and argon have demonstrated neuroprotective properties in an array of disease models. However, current data for argon after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is conflicting. Recent human data is only available for xenon showing some beneficial aspects (fewer adverse events) but no effect on outcomes, such as incidence of postoperative delirium. SUMMARY Promising results are available for neuroprotection derived by noble gas treatment. Results for xenon are more consistent than those for argon. The mechanism of action of xenon (noncompetitive NMDA-receptor inhibition) is also better understood compared with that of argon. The evidence for argon's neuroprotective actions (particularly after TBI) remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Höllig
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Shin SS, Hwang M, Diaz-Arrastia R, Kilbaugh TJ. Inhalational Gases for Neuroprotection in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2634-2651. [PMID: 33940933 PMCID: PMC8820834 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite multiple prior pharmacological trials in traumatic brain injury (TBI), the search for an effective, safe, and practical treatment of these patients remains ongoing. Given the ease of delivery and rapid absorption into the systemic circulation, inhalational gases that have neuroprotective properties will be an invaluable resource in the clinical management of TBI patients. In this review, we perform a systematic review of both pre-clinical and clinical reports describing inhalational gas therapy in the setting of TBI. Hyperbaric oxygen, which has been investigated for many years, and some of the newest developments are reviewed. Also, promising new therapies such as hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide gas, and nitric oxide are discussed. Moreover, novel therapies such as xenon and argon gases and delivery methods using microbubbles are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Shin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Misun Hwang
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Todd J. Kilbaugh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kremer B, Coburn M, Weinandy A, Nolte K, Clusmann H, Veldeman M, Höllig A. Argon treatment after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage: evaluation of microglial activation and neuronal survival as a subanalysis of a randomized controlled animal trial. Med Gas Res 2021; 10:103-109. [PMID: 33004706 PMCID: PMC8086619 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.296039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereinafter, we evaluate argon's neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) examining various localizations (hippocampal and cortical regions) with respect to neuronal damage and microglial activation 6, 24 and 72 hours after SAH. One hour after SAH (endovascular perforation rat model) or sham surgery, a mixture of gas containing 50% argon (argon group) or 50% nitrogen (control group) was applied for 1 hour. At 6 hours after SAH, argon reduced neuronal damage in the hippocampal regions in the argon group compared to the control group (P < 0.034). Hippocampal microglial activation did not differ between the treatment groups over time. The basal cortical regions did not show a different lesion pattern, but microglial activation was significantly reduced in the argon group 72 hours after SAH (P = 0.034 vs. control group). Whereas callosal microglial activation was significantly reduced at 24 hours in the argon-treated group (P = 0.018). Argon treatment ameliorated only early hippocampal neuronal damage after SAH. Inhibition of microglial activation was seen in some areas later on. Thus, argon may influence the microglial inflammatory response and neuronal survival after SAH; however, due to low sample sizes the interpretation of our results is limited. The study protocol was approved by the Government Agency for Animal Use and Protection (Protocol number: TVA 10416G1; initially approved by the "Landesamt für Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz NRW," Recklinghausen, Germany, on April 28, 2009).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Kremer
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anaesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Weinandy
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kay Nolte
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans Clusmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Veldeman
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anke Höllig
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Creed J, Cantillana-Riquelme V, Yan BH, Ma S, Chu D, Wang H, Turner DA, Laskowitz DT, Hoffmann U. Argon Inhalation for 24 h After Closed-Head Injury Does not Improve Recovery, Neuroinflammation, or Neurologic Outcome in Mice. Neurocrit Care 2021; 34:833-843. [PMID: 32959200 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-01104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE In recent years, the noble gas argon (Ar) has been extensively studied for its organ protection properties. While mounting in vitro and in vivo evidence indicates that argon provides neuroprotection in ischemic brain injury, its neuroprotective potential in traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been evaluated in vivo. We tested the hypothesis that prolonged inhalation of 70% or 79% argon for 24 h after closed-head injury (CHI) improves neurologic outcome and overall recovery at 36 days post-injury. We also compared effects of the 30% or 21% residual oxygen on argon's potential neuroprotective capacity. METHODS Adult male C57/black mice (n = 240) were subjected to closed-head traumatic brain injury, followed by inhalation of 70% argon or nitrogen (30% oxygen), or 79% argon or nitrogen (21% oxygen) for 24 h. Neurologic outcome (rotarod, neuroscore, and Morris water maze) was evaluated for up to 36 days post-injury. Histologic parameters of neurologic degeneration (Fluoro-Jade staining) and inflammation (F4/80 microglia immunostaining) were assessed in subgroups at 24 h and on post-injury day 7. RESULTS Our CHI protocol consistently resulted in significant brain injury. After argon inhalation for 24 h at either concentration, mice did not show significant improvement with regard to neuroscores, rotarod performance, Morris water maze performance, or overall recovery (body weight), compared to nitrogen controls, up to 36 days. At 7 days post-injury, histologic markers of neurodegeneration and inflammation, particularly in the hippocampus, consistently demonstrated significant injury. Notably, recovery was reduced in mice treated with the higher oxygen concentration (30%) after CHI compared to 21%. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged argon treatment did not improve neurologic outcome, overall recovery (weight), nor markers of neurodegeneration or neuroinflammation after significant CHI compared to nitrogen. While neuroprotective in predominately ischemic injury, argon did not provide protection after TBI in this model, highlighting the crucial importance of assessing argon's strengths and weaknesses in preclinical models to fully understand its organ protective potential in different pathologies and gas mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Creed
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Bai Hui Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection (CPOP), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi Province, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection (CPOP), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Dongmei Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection (CPOP), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Haichen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dennis A Turner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection (CPOP), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology, and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel T Laskowitz
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection (CPOP), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ulrike Hoffmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection (CPOP), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Htun Y, Nakamura S, Kusaka T. Hydrogen and therapeutic gases for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: potential neuroprotective adjuncts in translational research. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:753-759. [PMID: 32505123 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the potential use of therapeutic gases for the treatment of various neurological disorders. Hydrogen gas, a promising neuroprotective agent, has been a focus of study due to its potent antioxidative properties. In translational research into adult diseases, hydrogen has been shown to be neuroprotective in disorders such as cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury, and in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Animal and human studies have verified the safety and feasibility of molecular hydrogen. However, despite extensive research on its efficacy in adults, only a few studies have investigated its application in pediatric and neonatal medicine. Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is characterized by damage to neurons and other cells of the nervous system. One of the major contributing factors is excessive exposure to oxidative stress. Current research interest in HIE is shifting toward new neuroprotective agents, as single agents or as adjuncts to therapeutic hypothermia. Here, we review therapeutic gases, particularly hydrogen, and their potentials and limitations in the treatment of HIE in newborns. IMPACT: Translational animal models of neonatal HIE are a current focus of research into the therapeutic usefulness of various gases. Hydrogen ventilation as a single agent or in combination with therapeutic hypothermia shows short- and long-term neuroprotection in neonatal translational HIE models. The optimal target severity for therapeutic interventions should be well established to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinmon Htun
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
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Goebel U, Scheid S, Spassov S, Schallner N, Wollborn J, Buerkle H, Ulbrich F. Argon reduces microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:192-198. [PMID: 32788476 PMCID: PMC7818862 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.290098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that argon exerts its neuroprotective effect in part by inhibition of the toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4. The downstream transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) are also affected by argon and may play a role in neuroprotection. It also has been demonstrated that argon treatment could mitigate brain damage, reduce excessive microglial activation, and subsequently attenuate brain inflammation. Despite intensive research, the further exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, human neuroblastoma cells were damaged in vitro with rotenone over a period of 4 hours (to mimic cerebral ischemia and reperfusion damage), followed by a 2-hour post-conditioning with argon (75%). In a separate in vivo experiment, retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in rats by increasing intraocular pressure for 1 hour. Upon reperfusion, argon was administered by inhalation for 2 hours. Argon reduced the binding of the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein 1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, which are involved in regulation of neuronal damage. Flow cytometry analysis showed that argon downregulated the Fas ligand. Some transcription factors were regulated by toll-like receptors; therefore, their effects could be eliminated, at least in part, by the TLR2 and TLR4 inhibitor oxidized phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (OxPAPC). Argon treatment reduced microglial activation after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Our results suggest that argon reduced the extent of inflammation in retinal neurons after ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppression of transcription factors crucial for microglial activation. Argon has no known side effects or narcotic properties; therefore, therapeutic use of this noble gas appears ideal for treatment of patients with neuronal damage in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. The animal experiments were approved by the Commission for Animal Care of the University of Freiburg (approval No. 35-9185.81/G14-122) on October 19, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Goebel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheid
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sashko Spassov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Schallner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Wollborn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Buerkle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix Ulbrich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Failed Neuroprotection of Combined Inhibition of L-Type and ASIC1a Calcium Channels with Nimodipine and Amiloride. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238921. [PMID: 33255506 PMCID: PMC7727815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective pharmacological neuroprotection is one of the most desired aims in modern medicine. We postulated that a combination of two clinically used drugs-nimodipine (L-Type voltage-gated calcium channel blocker) and amiloride (acid-sensing ion channel inhibitor)-might act synergistically in an experimental model of ischaemia, targeting the intracellular rise in calcium as a pathway in neuronal cell death. We used organotypic hippocampal slices of mice pups and a well-established regimen of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to assess a possible neuroprotective effect. Neither nimodipine (at 10 or 20 µM) alone or in combination with amiloride (at 100 µM) showed any amelioration. Dissolved at 2.0 Vol.% dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO), the combination of both components even increased cell damage (p = 0.0001), an effect not observed with amiloride alone. We conclude that neither amiloride nor nimodipine do offer neuroprotection in an in vitro ischaemia model. On a technical note, the use of DMSO should be carefully evaluated in neuroprotective experiments, since it possibly alters cell damage.
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Argon: a noble, but not inert, treatment for brain trauma? Br J Anaesth 2020; 126:41-43. [PMID: 33097180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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22
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Moro F, Fossi F, Magliocca A, Pascente R, Sammali E, Baldini F, Tolomeo D, Micotti E, Citerio G, Stocchetti N, Fumagalli F, Magnoni S, Latini R, Ristagno G, Zanier ER. Efficacy of acute administration of inhaled argon on traumatic brain injury in mice. Br J Anaesth 2020; 126:256-264. [PMID: 32977957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst there has been progress in supportive treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI), specific neuroprotective interventions are lacking. Models of ischaemic heart and brain injury show the therapeutic potential of argon gas, but it is still not known whether inhaled argon (iAr) is protective in TBI. We tested the effects of acute administration of iAr on brain oedema, tissue micro-environmental changes, neurological functions, and structural outcome in a mouse model of TBI. METHODS Anaesthetised adult C57BL/6J mice were subjected to severe TBI by controlled cortical impact. Ten minutes after TBI, the mice were randomised to 24 h treatments with iAr 70%/O2 30% or air (iCtr). Sensorimotor deficits were evaluated up to 6 weeks post-TBI by three independent tests. Cognitive function was evaluated by Barnes maze test at 4 weeks. MRI was done to examine brain oedema at 3 days and white matter damage at 5 weeks. Microglia/macrophages activation and functional commitment were evaluated at 1 week after TBI by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS iAr significantly accelerated sensorimotor recovery and improved cognitive deficits 1 month after TBI, with less white matter damage in the ipsilateral fimbria and body of the corpus callosum. Early changes underpinning protection included a reduction of pericontusional vasogenic oedema and of the inflammatory response. iAr significantly reduced microglial activation with increases in ramified cells and the M2-like marker YM1. CONCLUSIONS iAr accelerates recovery of sensorimotor function and improves cognitive and structural outcome 1 month after severe TBI in adult mice. Early effects include a reduction of brain oedema and neuroinflammation in the contused tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Moro
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Fossi
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Magliocca
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosaria Pascente
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Sammali
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Baldini
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Tolomeo
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Micotti
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Nino Stocchetti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplants, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Fumagalli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Magnoni
- Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari Della Provincia di Trento-APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - Roberto Latini
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ristagno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplants, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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23
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Bustelo M, Barkhuizen M, van den Hove DLA, Steinbusch HWM, Bruno MA, Loidl CF, Gavilanes AWD. Clinical Implications of Epigenetic Dysregulation in Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage. Front Neurol 2020; 11:483. [PMID: 32582011 PMCID: PMC7296108 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental and fetal hypoxia caused by perinatal hypoxic-ischemic events are major causes of stillbirth, neonatal morbidity, and long-term neurological sequelae among surviving neonates. Brain hypoxia and associated pathological processes such as excitotoxicity, apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammation, are associated with lasting disruptions in epigenetic control of gene expression contributing to neurological dysfunction. Recent studies have pointed to DNA (de)methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs as crucial components of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The understanding of epigenetic dysregulation in HIE is essential in the development of new clinical interventions for perinatal HIE. Here, we summarize our current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms underlying the molecular pathology of HI brain damage and its clinical implications in terms of new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Bustelo
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, San Juan, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Prof. E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melinda Barkhuizen
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Daniel L A van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harry Wilhelm M Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martín A Bruno
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, San Juan, Argentina
| | - C Fabián Loidl
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, San Juan, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Prof. E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonio W Danilo Gavilanes
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación de Salud Integral, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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24
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Nespoli F, Redaelli S, Ruggeri L, Fumagalli F, Olivari D, Ristagno G. A complete review of preclinical and clinical uses of the noble gas argon: Evidence of safety and protection. Ann Card Anaesth 2020; 22:122-135. [PMID: 30971592 PMCID: PMC6489383 DOI: 10.4103/aca.aca_111_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The noble gas argon (Ar) is a "biologically" active element and has been extensively studied preclinically for its organ protection properties. This work reviews all preclinical studies employing Ar and describes the clinical uses reported in literature, analyzing 55 pertinent articles found by means of a search on PubMed and Embase. Ventilation with Ar has been tested in different models of acute disease at concentrations ranging from 20% to 80% and for durations between a few minutes up to days. Overall, lesser cell death, smaller infarct size, and better functional recovery after ischemia have been repeatedly observed. Modulation of the molecular pathways involved in cell survival, with resulting anti-apoptotic and pro-survival effects, appeared as the determinant mechanism by which Ar fulfills its protective role. These beneficial effects have been reported regardless of onset and duration of Ar exposure, especially after cardiac arrest. In addition, ventilation with Ar was safe both in animals and humans. Thus, preclinical and clinical data support future clinical studies on the role of inhalatory Ar as an organ protector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nespoli
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Redaelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Ruggeri
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Fumagalli
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Olivari
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ristagno
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Chattaraj R, Hwang M, Zemerov SD, Dmochowski IJ, Hammer DA, Lee D, Sehgal CM. Ultrasound Responsive Noble Gas Microbubbles for Applications in Image-Guided Gas Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901721. [PMID: 32207250 PMCID: PMC7457952 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Noble gases, especially xenon (Xe), have been shown to have antiapoptotic effects in treating hypoxia ischemia related injuries. Currently, in vivo gas delivery is systemic and performed through inhalation, leading to reduced efficacy at the injury site. This report provides a first demonstration of the encapsulation of pure Xe, Ar, or He in phospholipid-coated sub-10 µm microbubbles, without the necessity of stabilizing perfluorocarbon additives. Optimization of shell compositions and preparation techniques show that distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) with DSPE-PEG5000 can produce stable microbubbles upon shaking, while dibehenoylphosphatidylcholine (DBPC) blended with either DSPE-PEG2000 or DSPE-PEG5000 produces a high yield of microbubbles via a sonication/centrifugation method. Xe and Ar concentrations released into the microbubble suspension headspace are measured using GC-MS, while Xe released directly in solution is detected by the fluorescence quenching of a Xe-sensitive cryptophane molecule. Bubble production is found to be amenable to scale-up while maintaining their size distribution and stability. Excellent ultrasound contrast is observed in a phantom for several minutes under physiological conditions, while an intravenous administration of a bolus of pure Xe microbubbles provides significant contrast in a mouse in pre- and post-lung settings (heart and kidney, respectively), paving the way for image-guided, localized gas delivery for theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Chattaraj
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Misun Hwang
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States; Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Serge D. Zemerov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ivan J Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel A. Hammer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chandra M. Sehgal
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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26
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Grüßer L, Blaumeiser-Debarry R, Rossaint R, Krings M, Kremer B, Höllig A, Coburn M. A 6-Step Approach to Gain Higher Quality Results From Organotypic Hippocampal Brain Slices in a Traumatic Brain Injury Model. Basic Clin Neurosci 2020; 10:485-498. [PMID: 32284838 PMCID: PMC7149959 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Organotypic Hippocampal Brain Slices (OHBS) provide an advantageous alternative to in vivo models to scrutinize Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). We followed a well-established TBI protocol, but noticed that several factors may influence the results in such a setup. Here, we describe a structured approach to generate more comparable results and discuss why specific eligibility criteria should be applied. Methods We defined necessary checkpoints and developed inclusion and exclusion criteria that take the observed variation in such a model into consideration. Objective measures include the identification and exclusion of pre-damaged slices and outliers. Six steps were outlined in this study. Results A six-step approach to enhance comparability is proposed and summarized in a flowchart. We applied the suggested measures to data derived from our TBI-experiments examining the impact of three different interventions in 1459 OHBS. Our exemplary results show that through equal requirements set for all slices more precise findings are ensured. Conclusion Results in a TBI experiment on OHBS should be analyzed critically as inhomogeneities may occur. In order to ensure more precise findings, a structured approach of comparing the results should be followed. Further research is recommended to confirm and further develop this framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Grüßer
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Krings
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medizinisches Zentrum StaedteRegion Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kremer
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anke Höllig
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Anna R, Rolf R, Mark C. Update of the organoprotective properties of xenon and argon: from bench to beside. Intensive Care Med Exp 2020; 8:11. [PMID: 32096000 PMCID: PMC7040108 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-020-0294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of the elderly population has led to an increase in patients with myocardial infarction and stroke (Wajngarten and Silva, Eur Cardiol 14: 111–115, 2019). Patients receiving treatment for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) highly profit from early reperfusion therapy under 3 h from the onset of symptoms. However, mortality from STEMI remains high due to the increase in age and comorbidities (Menees et al., N Engl J Med 369: 901–909, 2013). These factors also account for patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Reperfusion therapy has been established as the gold standard within the first 4 to 5 h after onset of symptoms (Powers et al., Stroke 49: e46-e110, 2018). Nonetheless, not all patients are eligible for reperfusion therapy. The same is true for traumatic brain injury patients. Due to the complexity of acute myocardial and central nervous injury (CNS), finding organ protective substances to improve the function of remote myocardium and the ischaemic penumbra of the brain is urgent. This narrative review focuses on the noble gases argon and xenon and their possible cardiac, renal and neuroprotectant properties in the elderly high-risk (surgical) population. The article will provide an overview of the latest experimental and clinical studies. It is beyond the scope of this review to give a detailed summary of the mechanistic understanding of organ protection by xenon and argon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roehl Anna
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52072, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Rossaint Rolf
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52072, Aachen, Germany
| | - Coburn Mark
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52072, Aachen, Germany
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh G Nair
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala, India
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29
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Koziakova M, Harris K, Edge CJ, Franks NP, White IL, Dickinson R. Noble gas neuroprotection: xenon and argon protect against hypoxic-ischaemic injury in rat hippocampus in vitro via distinct mechanisms. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:601-609. [PMID: 31470983 PMCID: PMC6871267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Noble gases may provide novel treatments for neurological injuries such as ischaemic and traumatic brain injury. Few studies have evaluated the complete series of noble gases under identical conditions in the same model. Methods We used an in vitro model of hypoxia–ischaemia to evaluate the neuroprotective properties of the series of noble gases, helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. Organotypic hippocampal brain slices from mice were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation, and injury was quantified using propidium iodide fluorescence. Results Both xenon and argon were equally effective neuroprotectants, with 0.5 atm of xenon or argon reducing injury by 96% (P<0.0001), whereas helium, neon, and krypton were devoid of any protective effect. Neuroprotection by xenon, but not argon, was reversed by elevated glycine. Conclusions Xenon and argon are equally effective as neuroprotectants against hypoxia–ischaemia in vitro, with both gases preventing injury development. Although xenon's neuroprotective effect may be mediated by inhibition of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor at the glycine site, argon acts via a different mechanism. These findings may have important implications for their clinical use as neuroprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Koziakova
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katie Harris
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Edge
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London Road, Reading, UK
| | | | - Ian L White
- Department of Anaesthetics, St Peter's Hospital, Chertsey, UK
| | - Robert Dickinson
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Royal British Legion Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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30
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Liu J, Nolte K, Brook G, Liebenstund L, Weinandy A, Höllig A, Veldeman M, Willuweit A, Langen KJ, Rossaint R, Coburn M. Post-stroke treatment with argon attenuated brain injury, reduced brain inflammation and enhanced M2 microglia/macrophage polarization: a randomized controlled animal study. Crit Care 2019; 23:198. [PMID: 31159847 PMCID: PMC6547472 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, argon has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in an array of models. However, the mechanisms by which argon exerts its neuroprotective characteristics remain unclear. Accumulating evidence imply that argon may exert neuroprotective effects via modulating the activation and polarization of microglia/macrophages after ischemic stroke. In the present study, we analyzed the underlying neuroprotective effects of delayed argon application until 7 days after reperfusion and explored the potential mechanisms. METHODS Twenty-one male Wistar rats underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion or sham surgery randomly for 2 h using the endoluminal thread model. Three hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion induction and 1 h after reperfusion, animals received either 50% vol Argon/50% vol O2 or 50% vol N2/50% vol O2 for 1 h. The primary outcome was the 6-point neuroscore from 24 h to d7 after reperfusion. Histological analyses including infarct volume, survival of neurons (NeuN) at the ischemic boundary zone, white matter integrity (Luxol Fast Blue), microglia/macrophage activation (Iba1), and polarization (Iba1/Arginase1 double staining) on d7 were conducted as well. Sample size calculation was performed using nQuery Advisor + nTerim 4.0. Independent t test, one-way ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA were performed, respectively, for statistical analysis (SPSS 23.0). RESULTS The 6-point neuroscore from 24 h to d7 after reperfusion showed that tMCAO Ar group displayed significantly improved neurological performance compared to tMCAO N2 group (p = 0.026). The relative numbers of NeuN-positive cells in the ROIs of tMCAO Ar group significantly increased compared to tMCAO N2 group (p = 0.010 for cortex and p = 0.011 for subcortex). Argon significantly suppressed the microglia/macrophage activation as revealed by Iba1 staining (p = 0.0076) and promoted the M2 microglia/macrophage polarization as revealed by Iba1/Arginase 1 double staining (p = 0.000095). CONCLUSIONS Argon administration with a 3 h delay after stroke onset and 1 h after reperfusion significantly alleviated neurological deficit within the first week and preserved the neurons at the ischemic boundary zone 7 days after stroke. Moreover, argon reduced the excessive microglia/macrophage activation and promoted the switch of microglia/macrophage polarization towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Studies making efforts to further elucidate the protective mechanisms and to benefit the translational application are of great value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kay Nolte
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gary Brook
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lisa Liebenstund
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Weinandy
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anke Höllig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Veldeman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antje Willuweit
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Suleiman S, Klassen S, Katz I, Balakirski G, Krabbe J, von Stillfried S, Kintsler S, Braunschweig T, Babendreyer A, Spillner J, Kalverkamp S, Schröder T, Moeller M, Coburn M, Uhlig S, Martin C, Rieg AD. Argon reduces the pulmonary vascular tone in rats and humans by GABA-receptor activation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1902. [PMID: 30760775 PMCID: PMC6374423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Argon exerts neuroprotection. Thus, it might improve patients' neurological outcome after cerebral disorders or cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, limited data are available concerning its effect on pulmonary vessel and airways. We used rat isolated perfused lungs (IPL) and precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) of rats and humans to assess this topic. IPL: Airway and perfusion parameters, oedema formation and the pulmonary capillary pressure (Pcap) were measured and the precapillary and postcapillary resistance (Rpost) was calculated. In IPLs and PCLS, the pulmonary vessel tone was enhanced with ET-1 or remained unchanged. IPLs were ventilated and PCLS were gassed with argon-mixture or room-air. IPL: Argon reduced the ET-1-induced increase of Pcap, Rpost and oedema formation (p < 0.05). PCLS (rat): Argon relaxed naïve pulmonary arteries (PAs) (p < 0.05). PCLS (rat/human): Argon attenuated the ET-1-induced contraction in PAs (p < 0.05). Inhibition of GABAB-receptors abolished argon-induced relaxation (p < 0.05) in naïve or ET-1-pre-contracted PAs; whereas inhibition of GABAA-receptors only affected ET-1-pre-contracted PAs (p < 0.01). GABAA/B-receptor agonists attenuated ET-1-induced contraction in PAs and baclofen (GABAB-agonist) even in pulmonary veins (p < 0.001). PLCS (rat): Argon did not affect the airways. Finally, argon decreases the pulmonary vessel tone by activation of GABA-receptors. Hence, argon might be applicable in patients with pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Suleiman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sergej Klassen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ira Katz
- Medical Research & Development, Air Liquide Santé Internationale, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, 78354, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Galina Balakirski
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Krabbe
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Svetlana Kintsler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aaron Babendreyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Spillner
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kalverkamp
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schröder
- Department of Surgery, Luisenhospital Aachen, 52064, Aachen, Germany
| | - Manfred Moeller
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annette D Rieg
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Ning J, Zhao H, Chen B, Mi EZ, Yang Z, Qing W, Lam KWJ, Yi B, Chen Q, Gu J, Ichim T, Bogin V, Lu K, Ma D. Argon Mitigates Impaired Wound Healing Process and Enhances Wound Healing In Vitro and In Vivo. Theranostics 2019; 9:477-490. [PMID: 30809288 PMCID: PMC6376177 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and current treatments are far from optimal. Chronic wounds in diabetes are characterised by impaired angiogenesis, leukocyte function, fibroblast proliferation, and keratinocyte migration and proliferation. Methods: We tested the effect of exposure to argon gas on endothelial cell, fibroblast, macrophage and keratinocyte cell cultures in vitro and in vivo of a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. Results: Exposure to normobaric argon gas promotes multiple steps of the wound healing process. Argon accelerated angiogenesis, associated with upregulation of pro-angiogenic Angiopoietin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with argon enhanced expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, early recruitment of macrophages and keratinocyte proliferation. Argon had a pro-survival effect, inducing expression of cytoprotective mediators B-cell lymphoma 2 and heme oxygenase 1. Argon was able to accelerate wound closure in a diabetic mouse model. Conclusion: Together these findings indicate that argon gas may be a promising candidate for clinical use in treatment of diabetic ulcers.
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Tolaymat Y, Doré S, Griffin HW, Shih S, Edwards ME, Weiss MD. Inhaled Gases for Neuroprotection of Neonates: A Review. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:558. [PMID: 32047729 PMCID: PMC6996209 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. The incidence of HIE is 1-8 per 1,000 live births in developed countries. Whole-body hypothermia reduces the risk of disability or death, but 7 infants needed to be treated to prevent death or major neurodevelopmental disability. Inhalational gases may be promising synergistic agents due to their rapid onset and easy titratability. Objective: To review current data on different inhaled gases with neuroprotective properties that may serve as adjunct therapies to hypothermia. Evidence review: Literature review was performed using the PubMed database, google scholar, and ClinicalTrials.Gov. Results focused on articles published from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2017. Articles published earlier than 2005 were included when appropriate for historical perspective. Our review emphasized preclinical and clinical studies relevant to the use of inhaled agents for neuroprotection. Findings: Based on the relevance to our topic, 111 articles were selected pertaining to the incidence of HIE, pathophysiology of HIE, therapeutic hypothermia, and emerging therapies for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in preclinical and clinical settings. Supplemental tables summarizes highly relevant 49 publications that were included in this review. The selected publications emphasize the emergence of promising inhaled gases that may improve neurologic survival and alleviate neurodevelopmental disability when combined with therapeutic hypothermia in the future. Conclusions: Many inhaled agents have neuroprotective properties and could serve as an adjunct therapy to whole-body hypothermia. Inhaled agents are ideal due to their easy administration, titrability, and rapid onset and offset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youness Tolaymat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Pharmaceuticals and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hudson W Griffin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Susana Shih
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mary E Edwards
- Health Science Center Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael D Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Abstract
Stroke, also known as “cerebrovascular accident”, is an acute cerebrovascular disease that is caused by a sudden rupture of blood vessels in the brain or obstruction of the blood supply by blockage of blood vessels, thus including hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes. The incidence of ischemic stroke is higher than that of hemorrhagic stroke, and accounts for 80% of the total number of strokes. However, the mortality rate of hemorrhagic stroke is relatively high. Internal carotid artery and vertebral artery occlusion and stenosis can cause ischemic stroke, and especially males over 40 years of age are at a high risk of morbidity. According to the survey, stroke in urban and rural areas has become the first cause of death in China. It is also the leading cause of disability in Chinese adults. In a word, stroke is characterized by high morbidity, high mortality and high disability rates. Studies have shown that many noble gases have the neuroprotective effects. For example, xenon has been extensively studied in various animal models of neurological injury including stroke, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Compared to xenon, Argon, as a noble gas, is abundant, cheap and widely applicable, and has been also demonstrated to be neuroprotective in many research studies. In a variety of models, ranging from oxygen-glucose deprivation in cell culture to complex models of mid-cerebral artery occlusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage or retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in animals. Argon administration after individual injury demonstrated favorable effects, particularly increased cell survival and even improved neuronal function. Therefore the neuroprotective effects of argon may be of possible clinical use for opening a potential therapeutic window in stroke. It is important to illuminate the mechanisms of argon in nerve function and to explore the best use of this gas in stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhu-Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin-Quan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Lehmke L, Coburn M, Möller M, Blaumeiser-Debarry R, Lenzig P, Wiemuth D, Gründer S. Inhalational anesthetics accelerate desensitization of acid-sensing ion channels. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:496-505. [PMID: 29627444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are neuronal Na+ channels that are activated by extracellular acidification. Inhibiting ASICs is neuroprotective in mouse models of ischemic stroke. As inhalational anesthetics interact with many ion channels and as some of them have neuroprotective effects, we hypothesized that inhalational anesthetics modulate ASICs. We expressed different homo- and heteromeric ASICs heterologously in Xenopus oocytes. We co-applied with acidic pH the halogenated inhalational anesthetics sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane and the noble gases xenon and argon at concentrations that are roughly equivalent to their minimal alveolar concentrations and analyzed their effect on current kinetics and amplitude. Sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane as well as xenon and argon accelerated by a factor of ∼1.5 channel desensitization of the main ASICs of the central nervous system: homomeric ASIC1a and heteromeric ASIC1a/2a and ASIC1a/2b. Moreover, they decreased current amplitudes by ∼25%. For example, isoflurane accelerated desensitization of homomeric ASIC1a from 1.0 ± 0.4 s (mean ± SD) to 0.6 ± 0.2 s (n = 12; p = 0.0003) and decreased current amplitudes from 12.1 ± 7.5 μA to 9.3 ± 5.6 μA (n = 12; p = 0.0009). While inhalational anesthetics had similar effects on homomeric ASIC3, desensitization of ASIC1b was only accelerated by halogenated anesthetics but not noble gases; desensitization of homomeric ASIC2a was not modulated. In summary, we found a significant modulation of ASICs by different inhalational anesthetics. We conclude that ASICs should be considered as relevant targets of inhalation anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Lehmke
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Manfred Möller
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Pia Lenzig
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominik Wiemuth
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gründer
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Gardner A, Menon D. Moving to human trials for argon neuroprotection in neurological injury: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2018; 120:453-468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Zhao H, Alam A, Soo AP, George AJT, Ma D. Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Reduces Long Term Renal Graft Survival: Mechanism and Beyond. EBioMedicine 2018; 28:31-42. [PMID: 29398595 PMCID: PMC5835570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) during renal transplantation often initiates non-specific inflammatory responses that can result in the loss of kidney graft viability. However, the long-term consequence of IRI on renal grafts survival is uncertain. Here we review clinical evidence and laboratory studies, and elucidate the association between early IRI and later graft loss. Our critical analysis of previous publications indicates that early IRI does contribute to later graft loss through reduction of renal functional mass, graft vascular injury, and chronic hypoxia, as well as subsequent fibrosis. IRI is also known to induce kidney allograft dysfunction and acute rejection, reducing graft survival. Therefore, attempts have been made to substitute traditional preserving solutions with novel agents, yielding promising results. Ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) potentiates delayed renal graft function and causes reduction in renal graft survival IRI causes innate immune system activation, hypoxic injury, inflammation and graft vascular disease Reducing prolonged cold ischaemic time improves graft survival Novel protective strategies include mesenchymal stem cells, machine perfusion, and ex vivo preservation solution saturated with gas. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of novel ex vivo preservation agents
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhao
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Azeem Alam
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aurelie Pac Soo
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Daqing Ma
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
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Grüßer L, Blaumeiser-Debarry R, Krings M, Kremer B, Höllig A, Rossaint R, Coburn M. Argon attenuates the emergence of secondary injury after traumatic brain injury within a 2-hour incubation period compared to desflurane: an in vitro study. Med Gas Res 2017; 7:93-100. [PMID: 28744361 PMCID: PMC5510299 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.208512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite years of research, treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains challenging. Considerable data exists that some volatile anesthetics might be neuroprotective. However, several studies have also revealed a rather neurotoxic profile of anesthetics. In this study, we investigated the effects of argon 50%, desflurane 6% and their combination in an in vitro TBI model with incubation times similar to narcotic time slots in a daily clinical routine. Organotypic hippocampal brain slices of 5- to 7-day-old mice were cultivated for 14 days before TBI was performed. Slices were eventually incubated for 2 hours in an atmosphere containing no anesthetic gas, argon 50% or desflurane 6% or both. Trauma intensity was evaluated via fluorescent imagery. Our results show that neither argon 50% nor desflurane 6% nor their combination could significantly reduce the trauma intensity in comparison to the standard atmosphere. However, in comparison to desflurane 6%, argon 50% displayed a rather neuroprotective profile within the first 2 hours after a focal mechanical trauma (P = 0.015). A 2-hour incubation in an atmosphere containing both gases, argon 50% and desflurane 6%, did not result in significant effects in comparison to the argon 50% group or the desflurane 6% group. Our findings demonstrate that within a 2-hour incubation time neither argon nor desflurane could affect propidium iodide-detectable cell death in an in vitro TBI model in comparison to the standard atmosphere, although cell death was less with argon 50% than with desflurane 6%. The results show that within this short time period processes concerning the development of secondary injury are already taking place and may be manipulated by argon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Grüßer
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Krings
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medizinisches Zentrum StaedteRegion Aachen, Wuerselen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kremer
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anke Höllig
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Litwin PD, Reis Dib AL, Chen J, Noga M, Finlay WH, Martin AR. Theoretical and experimental evaluation of the effects of an argon gas mixture on the pressure drop through adult tracheobronchial airway replicas. J Biomech 2017; 58:217-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Influence of argon on temperature modulation and neurological outcome in hypothermia treated rats following cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2017; 117:32-39. [PMID: 28579371 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Combining xenon and mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) after cardiac arrest (CA) confers a degree of protection that is greater than either of the two interventions alone. However, xenon is very costly which might preclude a widespread use. We investigated whether the inexpensive gas argon would enhance hypothermia induced neurologic recovery in a similar manner. METHODS Following nine minutes of CA and three minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation 21 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive MTH (33°C for 6h), MTH plus argon (70% for 1h), or no treatment. A first day condition score assessed behaviour, motor activity and overall condition. A neurological deficit score (NDS) was calculated daily for seven days following the experiment before the animals were killed and the brains harvested for histopathological analysis. RESULTS All animals survived. Animals that received MTH alone showed best overall neurologic function. Strikingly, this effect was abolished in the argon-augmented MTH group, where animals showed worse neurologic outcome being significant in the first day condition score and on day one to three and five in the NDS in comparison to MTH treated rats. Results were reflected by the neurohistopathological analysis. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that argon augmented MTH does not improve functional recovery after CA in rats, but may even worsen neurologic function in this model.
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Modulation by the Noble Gas Helium of Tissue Plasminogen Activator: Effects in a Rat Model of Thromboembolic Stroke. Crit Care Med 2017; 44:e383-9. [PMID: 26646461 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTERVENTIONS Helium has been shown to provide neuroprotection in mechanical model of acute ischemic stroke by inducing hypothermia, a condition shown by itself to reduce the thrombolytic and proteolytic properties of tissue plasminogen activator. However, whether or not helium interacts with the thrombolytic drug tissue plasminogen activator, the only approved therapy of acute ischemic stroke still remains unknown. This point is not trivial since previous data have shown the critical importance of the time at which the neuroprotective noble gases xenon and argon should be administered, during or after ischemia, in order not to block tissue plasminogen activator-induced thrombolysis and to obtain neuroprotection and inhibition of tissue plasminogen activator-induced brain hemorrhages. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We show that helium of 25-75 vol% inhibits in a concentration-dependent fashion the catalytic and thrombolytic activity of tissue plasminogen activator in vitro and ex vivo. In vivo, in rats subjected to thromboembolic brain ischemia, we found that intraischemic helium at 75 vol% inhibits tissue plasminogen activator-induced thrombolysis and subsequent reduction of ischemic brain damage and that postischemic helium at 75 vol% reduces ischemic brain damage and brain hemorrhages. CONCLUSIONS In a clinical perspective for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, these data suggest that helium 1) should not be administered before or together with tissue plasminogen activator therapy due to the risk of inhibiting the benefit of tissue plasminogen activator-induced thrombolysis; and 2) could be an efficient neuroprotective agent if given after tissue plasminogen activator-induced reperfusion.
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Ulmer TF, Fragoulis A, Dohmeier H, Kroh A, Andert A, Stoppe C, Alizai H, Klink C, Coburn M, Neumann UP. Argon Delays Initiation of Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy in Rats. Eur Surg Res 2017; 58:204-215. [PMID: 28433997 DOI: 10.1159/000466690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver can heal up to restitutio ad integrum following damage resulting from various causes. Different studies have demonstrated the protective effect of argon on various cells and organs. To the best of our knowledge, the organ-protective effects of the noble gas argon on the liver have not yet been investigated, although argon appears to influence signal paths that are well-known mediators of liver regeneration. We hypothesized that argon inhalation prior to partial hepatectomy (70%) has a positive effect on the initiation of liver regeneration in rats. METHODS Partial hepatectomy (70%) with or without inhaled argon (50 vol%) was performed for 1 h. Liver tissue was harvested after 3, 36, and 96 h to analyze the mRNA and protein expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Histological tissue samples were prepared for immunohistochemistry (bromodeoxyuridine [BrdU], Ki-67, and TUNEL) and blood was analyzed regarding the effects of argon on liver function. Statistical analyses were performed using 1-way ANOVA followed by the post hoc Tukey-Kramer test. RESULTS After 3 h, the primary outcome parameter of hepatocyte proliferation was significantly reduced with argon 50 vol% inhalation in comparison to nitrogen inhalation (BrdU: 15.7 ± 9.7 vs. 7.7 ± 3.1 positive cells/1,000 hepatocytes, p = 0.013; Ki-67: 17.6 ± 13.3 vs. 4.7 ± 5.4 positive cells/1,000 hepatocytes, p = 0.006). This was most likely mediated by significant downregulation of HGF (after 3 h: 5.2 ± 3.2 vs. 2.3 ± 1.0 fold, p = 0.032; after 96 h: 2.1 ± 0.5 vs. 1.3 ± 0.3 fold, p = 0.029) and IL-6 (after 3 h: 43.7 ± 39.6 vs. 8.5 ± 9.2 fold, p = 0.032). Nevertheless, we could detect no significant effect on the weight of the residual liver, liver-body weight ratio, or liver blood test results after argon inhalation. CONCLUSION Impairment of liver regeneration was apparent after argon 50 vol% inhalation that was most probably mediated by downregulation of HGF and IL-6 in the initial phase. However, the present study was not adequately powered to prove that argon has detrimental effects on the liver. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of argon on livers with preexisting conditions as well as on ischemia-reperfusion models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Florian Ulmer
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Lemoine S, Blanchart K, Souplis M, Lemaitre A, Legallois D, Coulbault L, Simard C, Allouche S, Abraini JH, Hanouz JL, Rouet R, Sallé L, Guinamard R, Manrique A. Argon Exposure Induces Postconditioning in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2017; 22:564-573. [PMID: 28381122 DOI: 10.1177/1074248417702891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damages remains a major concern during prehospital management of acute myocardial infarction. Noble gases have shown beneficial effects in preconditioning studies. Because emergency proceedings in the context of myocardial infarction require postconditioning strategies, we evaluated the effects of argon in such protocols on mammalian cardiac tissue. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES In rat, cardiac I/R was induced in vivo by transient coronary artery ligature and cardiac functions were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)-induced arrhythmias were evaluated in vitro using intracellular microelectrodes on both rat-isolated ventricle and a model of border zone in guinea pig ventricle. Hypoxia-reoxygenation loss of contractile force was assessed in human atrial appendages. In those models, postconditioning was induced by 5 minutes application of argon at the time of reperfusion. KEY RESULTS In the in vivo model, I/R produced left ventricular ejection fraction decrease (24%) and wall motion score increase (36%) which was prevented when argon was applied in postconditioning. In vitro, argon postconditioning abolished H/R-induced arrhythmias such as early after depolarizations, conduction blocks, and reentries. Recovery of contractile force in human atrial appendages after H/R was enhanced in the argon group, increasing from 51% ± 2% in the nonconditioned group to 83% ± 7% in the argon-treated group ( P < .001). This effect of argon was abolished in the presence of wortmannin and PD98059 which inhibit prosurvival phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and MEK/extracellular receptor kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), respectively, or in the presence of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opener atractyloside, suggesting the involvement of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase pathway. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Argon has strong cardioprotective properties when applied in conditions of postconditioning and thus appears as a potential therapeutic tool in I/R situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lemoine
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Katrien Blanchart
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Mathieu Souplis
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Adrien Lemaitre
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Damien Legallois
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Coulbault
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Christophe Simard
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Allouche
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Jacques H Abraini
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Luc Hanouz
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - René Rouet
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Sallé
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Romain Guinamard
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Alain Manrique
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
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Martens A, Ordies S, Vanaudenaerde BM, Verleden SE, Vos R, Verleden GM, Verbeken EK, Van Raemdonck DE, Claes S, Schols D, Chalopin M, Katz I, Farjot G, Neyrinck AP. A porcine ex vivo lung perfusion model with maximal argon exposure to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury. Med Gas Res 2017; 7:28-36. [PMID: 28480029 PMCID: PMC5402344 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.202907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Argon (Ar) is a noble gas with known organoprotective effects in rodents and in vitro models. In a previous study we failed to find a postconditioning effect of Ar during ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) on warm-ischemic injury in a porcine model. In this study, we further investigated a prolonged exposure to Ar to decrease cold ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation in a porcine model with EVLP assessment. Domestic pigs (n = 6/group) were pre-conditioned for 6 hours with 21% O2 and 79% N2 (CONTR) or 79% Ar (ARG). Subsequently, lungs were cold flushed and stored inflated on ice for 18 hours inflated with the same gas mixtures. Next, lungs were perfused for 4 hours on EVLP (acellular) while ventilated with 12% O2 and 88% N2 (CONTR group) or 88% Ar (ARG group). The perfusate was saturated with the same gas mixture but with the addition of CO2 to an end-tidal CO2 of 35-45 mmHg. The saturated perfusate was drained and lungs were perfused with whole blood for an additional 2 hours on EVLP. Evaluation at the end of EVLP did not show significant effects on physiologic parameters by prolonged exposure to Ar. Also wet-to-dry weight ratio did not improve in the ARG group. Although in other organ systems protective effects of Ar have been shown, we did not detect beneficial effects of a high concentration of Ar on cold pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury in a porcine lung model after prolonged exposure to Ar in this porcine model with EVLP assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Martens
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Algology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Ordies
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Algology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart M Vanaudenaerde
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Pneumology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn E Verleden
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Pneumology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Vos
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Pneumology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert M Verleden
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Pneumology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric K Verbeken
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Histopathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk E Van Raemdonck
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Thoracic Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Claes
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy (Rega Institute), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy (Rega Institute), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Chalopin
- Air Liquide Santé International Medical R&D; Paris-Saclay Research Center, Jouy-en Josas, France
| | - Ira Katz
- Air Liquide Santé International Medical R&D; Paris-Saclay Research Center, Jouy-en Josas, France
| | - Geraldine Farjot
- Air Liquide Santé International Medical R&D; Paris-Saclay Research Center, Jouy-en Josas, France
| | - Arne P Neyrinck
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Algology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Grüne F, Kazmaier S, Hoeks SE, Stolker RJ, Coburn M, Weyland A. Argon does not affect cerebral circulation or metabolism in male humans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171962. [PMID: 28207907 PMCID: PMC5313187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating data have recently underlined argon´s neuroprotective potential. However, to the best of our knowledge, no data are available on the cerebrovascular effects of argon (Ar) in humans. We hypothesized that argon inhalation does not affect mean blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery (Vmca), cerebral flow index (FI), zero flow pressure (ZFP), effective cerebral perfusion pressure (CPPe), resistance area product (RAP) and the arterio-jugular venous content differences of oxygen (AJVDO2), glucose (AJVDG), and lactate (AJVDL) in anesthetized patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a secondary analysis of an earlier controlled cross-over trial we compared parameters of the cerebral circulation under 15 minutes exposure to 70%Ar/30%O2 versus 70%N2/30%O2 in 29 male patients under fentanyl-midazolam anaesthesia before coronary surgery. Vmca was measured by transcranial Doppler sonography. ZFP and RAP were estimated by linear regression analysis of pressure-flow velocity relationships of the middle cerebral artery. CPPe was calculated as the difference between mean arterial pressure and ZFP. AJVDO2, AJVDG and AJVDL were calculated as the differences in contents between arterial and jugular-venous blood of oxygen, glucose, and lactate. Statistical analysis was done by t-tests and ANOVA. RESULTS Mechanical ventilation with 70% Ar did not cause any significant changes in mean arterial pressure, Vmca, FI, ZFP, CPPe, RAP, AJVDO2, AJVDG, and AJVDL. DISCUSSION Short-term inhalation of 70% Ar does not affect global cerebral circulation or metabolism in male humans under general anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Grüne
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephan Kazmaier
- Centre of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy (ZARI), University-Hospital of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sanne Elisabeth Hoeks
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Jan Stolker
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Coburn
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Weyland
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, Klinikum Oldenburg, Medical Campus University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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49
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The Molecular Pathway of Argon-Mediated Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111816. [PMID: 27809248 PMCID: PMC5133817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The noble gas argon has attracted increasing attention in recent years, especially because of its neuroprotective properties. In a variety of models, ranging from oxygen-glucose deprivation in cell culture to complex models of mid-cerebral artery occlusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage or retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in animals, argon administration after individual injury demonstrated favorable effects, particularly increased cell survival and even improved neuronal function. As an inert molecule, argon did not show signs of adverse effects in the in vitro and in vivo model used, while being comparably cheap and easy to apply. However, the molecular mechanism by which argon is able to exert its protective and beneficial characteristics remains unclear. Although there are many pieces missing to complete the signaling pathway throughout the cell, it is the aim of this review to summarize the known parts of the molecular pathways and to combine them to provide a clear insight into the cellular pathway, starting with the receptors that may be involved in mediating argons effects and ending with the translational response.
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50
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Shuvalova NS, Kordium VA. Morphological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton jelly, cultivated under physiological oxygen tensions, in various gas mixtures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7124/bc.000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. S. Shuvalova
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, NAMS of Ukraine
| | - V. A. Kordium
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, NAMS of Ukraine
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine
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