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Jie XL, Luo ZR, Yu J, Tong ZR, Li QQ, Wu JH, Tao Y, Feng PS, Lan JP, Wang P. Pi-Pa-Run-Fei-Tang alleviates lung injury by modulating IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/IL-17 and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway and balancing Th17 and Treg in murine model of OVA-induced asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116719. [PMID: 37268260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pi-Pa-Run-Fei-Tang (PPRFT) is an empirical TCM prescription for treating asthma. However, the underlying mechanisms of PPRFT in asthma treatment have yet to be elucidated. Recent advances have revealed that some natural components could ameliorate asthma injury by affecting host metabolism. Untargeted metabolomics can be used to better understand the biological mechanisms underlying asthma development and identify early biomarkers that can help advance treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to verification the efficacy of PPRFT in the treatment of asthma and to preliminarily explore its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse asthma model was built by OVA induction. Inflammatory cell in BALF was counted. The level of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in BALF were measured. The levels of IgE in the serum and EPO, NO, SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA in the lung tissue were measured. Furthermore, pathological damage to the lung tissues was detected to evaluate the protective effects of PPRFT. The serum metabolomic profiles of PPRFT in asthmatic mice were determined by GC-MS. The regulatory effects on mechanism pathways of PPRFT in asthmatic mice were explored via immunohistochemical staining and western blotting analysis. RESULTS PPRFT displayed lung-protective effects through decreasing oxidative stress, airway inflammation, and lung tissue damage in OVA-induced mice, which was demonstrated by decreasing inflammatory cell levels, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in BALF, and IgE levels in serum, decreasing EPO, NO, and MDA levels in lung tissue, elevating SOD and GSH-Px levels in lung tissue and lung histopathological changes. In addition, PPRFT could regulate the imbalance in Th17/Treg cell ratios, suppress RORγt, and increase the expression of IL-10 and Foxp3 in the lung. Moreover, PPRFT treatment led to decreased expression of IL-6, p-JAK2/Jak2, p-STAT3/STAT3, IL-17, NF-κB, p-AKT/AKT, and p-PI3K/PI3K. Serum metabolomics analysis revealed that 35 metabolites were significantly different among different groups. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that 31 pathways were involved. Moreover, correlation analysis and metabolic pathway analysis identified three key metabolic pathways: galactose metabolism; tricarboxylic acid cycle; and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. CONCLUSION This research indicated that PPRFT treatment not only attenuates the clinical symptoms of asthma but is also involved in regulating serum metabolism. The anti-asthmatic activity of PPRFT may be associated with the regulatory effects of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/IL-17 and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Jie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zi-Rui Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhe-Ren Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jia-Hui Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yi Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Pei-Shi Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ji-Ping Lan
- Experiment Center for Teaching & Learning Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Naomi R, Teoh SH, Halim S, Embong H, Hasain Z, Bahari H, Kumar J. Unraveling Obesity: Transgenerational Inheritance, Treatment Side Effects, Flavonoids, Mechanisms, Microbiota, Redox Balance, and Bioavailability-A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1549. [PMID: 37627544 PMCID: PMC10451614 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is known as a transgenerational vicious cycle and has become a global burden due to its unavoidable complications. Modern approaches to obesity management often involve the use of pharmaceutical drugs and surgeries that have been associated with negative side effects. In contrast, natural antioxidants, such as flavonoids, have emerged as a promising alternative due to their potential health benefits and minimal side effects. Thus, this narrative review explores the potential protective role of flavonoids as a natural antioxidant in managing obesity. To identify recent in vivo studies on the efficiency of flavonoids in managing obesity, a comprehensive search was conducted on Wiley Online Library, Scopus, Nature, and ScienceDirect. The search was limited to the past 10 years; from the search, we identified 31 articles to be further reviewed. Based on the reviewed articles, we concluded that flavonoids offer novel therapeutic strategies for preventing obesity and its associated co-morbidities. This is because the appropriate dosage of flavonoid compounds is able to reduce adipose tissue mass, the formation of intracellular free radicals, enhance endogenous antioxidant defences, modulate the redox balance, and reduce inflammatory signalling pathways. Thus, this review provides an insight into the domain of a natural product therapeutic approach for managing obesity and recapitulates the transgenerational inheritance of obesity, the current available treatments to manage obesity and its side effects, flavonoids and their sources, the molecular mechanism involved, the modulation of gut microbiota in obesity, redox balance, and the bioavailability of flavonoids. In toto, although flavonoids show promising positive outcome in managing obesity, a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the advantageous impacts of flavonoids-achieved through translation to clinical trials-would provide a novel approach to inculcating flavonoids in managing obesity in the future as this review is limited to animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Soo Huat Teoh
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Shariff Halim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Technology Mara (UiTM) Pulau Pinang, Bertam Campus, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Zubaidah Hasain
- Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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3
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Kaempferol and Kaempferide Attenuate Oleic Acid-Induced Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168847. [PMID: 34445549 PMCID: PMC8396315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases which lacks ideal treatment options. Kaempferol and kaempferide, two natural flavonol compounds isolated from Hippophae rhamnoides L., were reported to exhibit a strong regulatory effect on lipid metabolism, for which the mechanism is largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of kaempferol and kaempferide on oleic acid (OA)-treated HepG2 cells, a widely used in vitro model of NAFLD. The results indicated an increased accumulation of lipid droplets and triacylglycerol (TG) by OA, which was attenuated by kaempferol and kaempferide (5, 10 and 20 μM). Western blot analysis demonstrated that kaempferol and kaempferide reduced expression of lipogenesis-related proteins, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1). Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT enhancer binding proteins β (C/EBPβ), two adipogenic transcription factors, was also decreased by kaempferol and kaempferide treatment. In addition, western blot analysis also demonstrated that kaempferol and kaempferide reduced expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear transcription factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Molecular docking was performed to identify the direct molecular targets of kaempferol and kaempferide, and their binding to SCD-1, a critical regulator in lipid metabolism, was revealed. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that kaempferol and kaempferide could attenuate OA-induced lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells, which might benefit the treatment of NAFLD.
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Auranofin Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Suppressing Lipid Accumulation and NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Hepatic Inflammation In Vivo and In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111040. [PMID: 33114221 PMCID: PMC7690872 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) causes liver dysfunction and is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Chronic inflammation is associated not only with the development of NAFLD, but also with hepatic diseases, including steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Auranofin is a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and has recently been reported to have potential effects against a variety of diseases, including inflammation, cancer, and viral infection. In this study, auranofin may be considered as a new treatment for the management of metabolic syndrome, as well as in the treatment of NAFLD through immunomodulation. To determine the effect of auranofin on NAFLD, C57BL/6 mice were randomly grouped, fed a regular diet or a high fat diet (HFD), and injected with normal saline or auranofin for 8 weeks. Auranofin significantly decreased the body weight, epididymal fat weight, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and glucose, as well as the serum triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as compared to the HFD group. We also observed that hepatic steatosis was increased in the HFD group and was suppressed by auranofin treatment. In addition, auranofin suppressed the expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, and the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) in the liver tissue. Furthermore, the expression of NADPH oxidase 4 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), which are a major source of oxidative stress and a regulator of adipogenesis, respectively, were also decreased by auranofin. In addition, primary mouse hepatocytes were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and palmitic acid (PA) to induce lipid accumulation and hepatic inflammation for an in vitro model. Auranofin could significantly inhibit LPS- and PA-induced inflammatory activity including nitric oxide and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated cytokines. The results of this study demonstrate that auranofin treatment inhibits the characteristics of NAFLD through the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. Therefore, auranofin may have potential as a candidate for improving NAFLD symptoms.
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5
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Haider SH, Veerappan A, Crowley G, Caraher EJ, Ostrofsky D, Mikhail M, Lam R, Wang Y, Sunseri M, Kwon S, Prezant DJ, Liu M, Schmidt AM, Nolan A. Multiomics of World Trade Center Particulate Matter-induced Persistent Airway Hyperreactivity. Role of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:219-233. [PMID: 32315541 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0064oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary disease after World Trade Center particulate matter (WTC-PM) exposure is associated with dyslipidemia and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE); however, the mechanisms are not well understood. We used a murine model and a multiomics assessment to understand the role of RAGE in the pulmonary long-term effects of a single high-intensity exposure to WTC-PM. After 1 month, WTC-PM-exposed wild-type (WT) mice had airway hyperreactivity, whereas RAGE-deficient (Ager-/-) mice were protected. PM-exposed WT mice also had histologic evidence of airspace disease, whereas Ager-/- mice remained unchanged. Inflammatory mediators such as G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), IP-10 (IFN-γ-induced protein 10), and KC (keratinocyte chemoattractant) were differentially expressed after WTC-PM exposure. WTC-PM induced α-SMA, DIAPH1 (protein diaphanous homolog 1), RAGE, and significant lung collagen deposition in WT compared with Ager-/- mice. Compared with WT mice with PM exposure, relative expression of phosphorylated to total CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) was significantly increased in the lung of PM-exposed Ager-/- mice, whereas Akt (protein kinase B) was decreased. Random forests of the refined lung metabolomic profile classified subjects with 92% accuracy; principal component analysis captured 86.7% of the variance in three components and demonstrated prominent subpathway involvement, including known mediators of lung disease such as vitamin B6 metabolites, sphingolipids, fatty acids, and phosphatidylcholines. Treatment with a partial RAGE antagonist, pioglitazone, yielded similar fold-change expression of metabolites (N6-carboxymethyllysine, 1-methylnicotinamide, N1+N8-acetylspermidine, and succinylcarnitine [C4-DC]) between WT and Ager-/- mice exposed to WTC-PM. RAGE can mediate WTC-PM-induced airway hyperreactivity and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed H Haider
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Arul Veerappan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - George Crowley
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Erin J Caraher
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Dean Ostrofsky
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Mena Mikhail
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Rachel Lam
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health
| | - Maria Sunseri
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Sophia Kwon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - David J Prezant
- Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, Fire Department of New York, Brooklyn, New York; and.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Mengling Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health.,Department of Environmental Medicine, and
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Anna Nolan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Department of Environmental Medicine, and.,Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, Fire Department of New York, Brooklyn, New York; and
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6
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Mani MS, Joshi MB, Shetty RR, DSouza VL, Swathi M, Kabekkodu SP, Dsouza HS. Lead exposure induces metabolic reprogramming in rat models. Toxicol Lett 2020; 335:11-27. [PMID: 32949623 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lead is a toxin of great public health concern affecting the young and aging population. Several factors such as age, gender, lifestyle, dose, and genetic makeup result in interindividual variations to lead toxicity mainly due to variations in metabolic consequences. Hence, the present study aimed to examine dose-dependent lead-induced systemic changes in metabolism using rat model by administering specific doses of lead such as 10 (low lead; L-Pb), 50 (moderate lead; M-Pb), and 100 mg/kg (high lead; H-Pb) body weight for a period of one month. Biochemical and haematological analysis revealed that H-Pb was associated with low body weight and feed efficiency, low total protein levels (p ≤ 0.05), high blood lead (Pb-B) levels (p ≤ 0.001), low ALAD (δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase) activity (p ≤ 0.0001), high creatinine (p ≤ 0.0001) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (p ≤ 0.01) levels, elevated RBC and WBC counts, reduced haemoglobin and blood cell indices compared to control. Spatial learning and memory test revealed that H-Pb exposed animals presented high latency to the target quadrant and escape platform compared to other groups indicating H-Pb alters cognition function in rats. Histopathological changes were observed in liver and kidney as they are the main target organs of lead toxicity. LC-MS analysis further revealed that Butyryl-L-carnitine (p ≤ 0.01) and Ganglioside GD2 (d18:0/20:0) (p ≤ 0.05) levels were significantly reduced in H-Pb group compared to all groups. Further, pathway enrichment analysis revealed abundance and significantly modulated metabolites associated with oxidative stress pathways. The present study is the first in vivo model of dose-dependent lead exposure for serum metabolite profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Shirley Mani
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Rashmi R Shetty
- Department of Pathology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Venzil Lavie DSouza
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - M Swathi
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Herman Sunil Dsouza
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Jandari S, Hatami E, Ziaei R, Ghavami A, Yamchi AM. The effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) supplementation on metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 2020; 52:102478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Lima KG, Schneider Levorse VG, Rosa Garcia MC, de Souza Basso B, Pasqualotto Costa B, Antunes GL, Luft C, Haute GV, Leal Xavier L, Donadio MVF, Rodrigues de Oliveira J. Octyl gallate induces hepatic steatosis in HepG2 cells through the regulation of SREBP-1c and PPAR-gamma gene expression. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:962-971. [PMID: 32788910 PMCID: PMC7415935 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Octyl gallate (OG) is an antioxidant commonly used in food, although there is no definition of its acceptable daily intake. There are reports in vitro and in vivo showing that food additives and drugs can alter lipid metabolism. Lipid droplet accumulation in hepatic cells is one of the main findings in the unregulated lipid metabolism and is strongly related to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we investigated the effects of OG on lipid metabolism in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). The results have shown, for the first time, that treatment with OG increased the overall amount of lipids, the triglyceride concentration, the lipid droplet area, and SREBP-1c and PPAR-γ gene expression. Taken together, the findings indicate that OG induces lipid droplet accumulation in HepG2 cells through the regulation of SREBP-1c and PPAR-γ gene expression without involving mTOR/S6K1 and may contribute to NAFLD when used as a food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Goulart Lima
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Vitor Giancarlo Schneider Levorse
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Maria Claudia Rosa Garcia
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Bruno de Souza Basso
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Bruna Pasqualotto Costa
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Gessica Luana Antunes
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Carolina Luft
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Gabriela Viegas Haute
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Léder Leal Xavier
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Márcio Vinícius Fagundes Donadio
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Jarbas Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
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Li Q, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Du H, Xu T, Xu X, Zhang J, Kuang T, Lai X, Fan G, Zhang Y. 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Coupled With Molecular Docking Reveal the Anti-Diabetic Effects and Potential Active Components of Berberis vernae on Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:932. [PMID: 32636751 PMCID: PMC7317004 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dried stem bark of Berberis vernae C.K.Schneid., known as “Xiao-bo-pi” in Chinese, is a representative anti-diabetic herb in traditional Tibetan medical system. However, its anti-diabetic mechanisms and active components remain unclear. In this study, 1H NMR-based metabolomics, biochemistry assay, molecular docking, and network analysis were integrated to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of B. vernae extract on type 2 diabetic rats, and to explore its active components and underlying mechanisms. Diabetes was induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin. After 30 days of treatment, B. vernae extract significantly decreased the serum levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index, glycated serum protein, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, whereas significantly increased the serum levels of insulin sensitivity index in type 2 diabetic rats. A total of 28 endogenous metabolites were identified by 1H NMR-based metabolomics, of which 9 metabolites that were changed by diabetes were significantly reversed by B. vernae extract. The constructed compound-protein-metabolite-disease (CPMD) interaction network revealed the correlation between chemical constituents, target proteins, differential metabolites, and type 2 diabetes. Ferulic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, bufotenidine, jatrorrhizine, and berberine showed good hit rates for both the 30 disease-related proteins and 14 differential metabolites-related proteins, indicating that these four compounds might be the active ingredients of B. vernae against type 2 diabetes. Moreover, pathway analysis revealed that the anti-diabetic mechanisms of B. vernae might be related to its regulation of several metabolic pathways (e.g., butanoate metabolism) and disease-related signal pathways (e.g., adipocytokine signaling pathway). In summary, B. vernae exerts a significant anti-diabetic effect and has potential as a drug candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunsen Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Du
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Xu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinmei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Kuang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianrong Lai
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Fan
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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10
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Hassan MA, Al-Sakkaf K, Shait Mohammed MR, Dallol A, Al-Maghrabi J, Aldahlawi A, Ashoor S, Maamra M, Ragoussis J, Wu W, Khan MI, Al-Malki AL, Choudhry H. Integration of Transcriptome and Metabolome Provides Unique Insights to Pathways Associated With Obese Breast Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2020; 10:804. [PMID: 32509585 PMCID: PMC7248369 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Information regarding transcriptome and metabolome has significantly contributed to identifying potential therapeutic targets for the management of a variety of cancers. Obesity has profound effects on both cancer cell transcriptome and metabolome that can affect the outcome of cancer therapy. The information regarding the potential effects of obesity on breast cancer (BC) transcriptome, metabolome, and its integration to identify novel pathways related to disease progression are still elusive. We assessed the whole blood transcriptome and serum metabolome, as circulating metabolites, of obese BC patients compared them with non-obese BC patients. In these patients' samples, 186 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, comprising 156 upregulated and 30 downregulated. The expressions of these gene were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, 96 deregulated metabolites were identified as untargeted metabolomics in the same group of patients. These detected DEGs and deregulated metabolites enriched in many cellular pathways. Further investigation, by integration analysis between transcriptomics and metabolomics data at the pathway levels, revealed seven unique enriched pathways in obese BC patients when compared with non-obese BC patients, which may provide resistance for BC cells to dodge the circulating immune cells in the blood. In conclusion, this study provides information on the unique pathways altered at transcriptome and metabolome levels in obese BC patients that could provide an important tool for researchers and contribute further to knowledge on the molecular interaction between obesity and BC. Further studies are needed to confirm this and to elucidate the exact underlying mechanism for the effects of obesity on the BC initiation or/and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, Yemen
| | - Kaltoom Al-Sakkaf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ashraf Dallol
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia Aldahlawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan Ashoor
- Department of Radiology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mabrouka Maamra
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman L Al-Malki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Koelmel JP, Napolitano MP, Ulmer CZ, Vasiliou V, Garrett TJ, Yost RA, Prasad MNV, Godri Pollitt KJ, Bowden JA. Environmental lipidomics: understanding the response of organisms and ecosystems to a changing world. Metabolomics 2020; 16:56. [PMID: 32307636 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the interaction between organisms and the environment is important for predicting and mitigating the effects of global phenomena such as climate change, and the fate, transport, and health effects of anthropogenic pollutants. By understanding organism and ecosystem responses to environmental stressors at the molecular level, mechanisms of toxicity and adaptation can be determined. This information has important implications in human and environmental health, engineering biotechnologies, and understanding the interaction between anthropogenic induced changes and the biosphere. One class of molecules with unique promise for environmental science are lipids; lipids are highly abundant and ubiquitous across nearly all organisms, and lipid profiles often change drastically in response to external stimuli. These changes allow organisms to maintain essential biological functions, for example, membrane fluidity, as they adapt to a changing climate and chemical environment. Lipidomics can help scientists understand the historical and present biofeedback processes in climate change and the biogeochemical processes affecting nutrient cycles. Lipids can also be used to understand how ecosystems respond to historical environmental changes with lipid signatures dating back to hundreds of millions of years, which can help predict similar changes in the future. In addition, lipids are direct targets of environmental stressors, for example, lipids are easily prone to oxidative damage, which occurs during exposure to most toxins. AIM OF REVIEW This is the first review to summarize the current efforts to comprehensively measure lipids to better understand the interaction between organisms and their environment. This review focuses on lipidomic applications in the arenas of environmental toxicology and exposure assessment, xenobiotic exposures and health (e.g., obesity), global climate change, and nutrient cycles. Moreover, this review summarizes the use of and the potential for lipidomics in engineering biotechnologies for the remediation of persistent compounds and biofuel production. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT With the preservation of certain lipids across millions of years and our ever-increasing understanding of their diverse biological roles, lipidomic-based approaches provide a unique utility to increase our understanding of the contemporary and historical interactions between organisms, ecosystems, and anthropogenically-induced environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Koelmel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 125 Buckman Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Michael P Napolitano
- CSS, Inc., under contract to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Candice Z Ulmer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 125 Buckman Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Richard A Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 125 Buckman Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - M N V Prasad
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - John A Bowden
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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12
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Ronquillo MD, Mellnyk A, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Martínez E, Comoto DA, Carmona-Aparicio L, Herrera NE, Lara E, Pereyra A, Floriano-Sánchez E. Different gene expression profiles in subcutaneous & visceral adipose tissues from Mexican patients with obesity. Indian J Med Res 2020; 149:616-626. [PMID: 31417029 PMCID: PMC6702687 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1165_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Obesity is a health problem that requires substantial efforts to understand the physiopathology of its various types and to determine therapeutic strategies for its treatment. The objective of this study was to characterize differences in the global gene expression profiles of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) between control patients (normal weight) and patients with obesity (IMC≥30) using microarrays. Methods Employing RNA isolated from SAT and VAT samples obtained from eight control and eight class I, II and III patients with obesity, the gene expression profiles were compared between SAT and VAT using microarrays and the findings were validated via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results A total of 327 and 488 genes were found to be differentially expressed in SAT and VAT, respectively (P≤0.05). Upregulation of PPAP2C, CYP4A11 and CYP17A1 genes was seen in the VAT of obese individuals. Interpretation & conclusions SAT and VAT exhibited significant differences in terms of the expression of specific genes. These genes might be related to obesity. These findings may be used to improve the clinical diagnosis of obesity and could be a tool leading to the proposal of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D Ronquillo
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Research Unit, Faculty of Higher Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alla Mellnyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Oxidative Stress, Section of Research & Graduate Studies, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Subdirection of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Martínez
- Research Subdirection, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Military School of Graduate of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David A Comoto
- Research Subdirection, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Military School of Graduate of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Liliana Carmona-Aparicio
- Subdirection of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma E Herrera
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Oxidative Stress, Section of Research & Graduate Studies, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eleazar Lara
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Oxidative Stress, Section of Research & Graduate Studies, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Pereyra
- Department of Surgery, Military Central Hospital, SEDENA, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Esaú Floriano-Sánchez
- Research Subdirection, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Military School of Graduate of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Wójcik P, Biernacki M, Wroński A, Łuczaj W, Waeg G, Žarković N, Skrzydlewska E. Altered Lipid Metabolism in Blood Mononuclear Cells of Psoriatic Patients Indicates Differential Changes in Psoriasis Vulgaris and Psoriatic Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174249. [PMID: 31480263 PMCID: PMC6747546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate possible stress-associated disturbances in lipid metabolism in mononuclear cells, mainly lymphocytes of patients with psoriasis vulgaris (Ps, n = 32) or with psoriatic arthritis (PsA, n = 16) in respect to the healthy volunteers (n = 16). The results showed disturbances in lipid metabolism of psoriatic patients reflected by different phospholipid profiles. The levels of non-enzymatic lipid metabolites associated with oxidative stress 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-isoPGF2α) and free 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were higher in PsA, although levels of 4-HNE-His adducts were higher in Ps. In the case of the enzymatic metabolism of lipids, enhanced levels of endocannabinoids were observed in both forms of psoriasis, while higher expression of their receptors and activities of phospholipases were detected only in Ps. Moreover, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity was enhanced only in Ps, but cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was enhanced both in Ps and PsA, generating higher levels of eicosanoids: prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13HODE), thromboxane B2 (TXB2). Surprisingly, some of major eicosanoids 15-d-PGJ2 (15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2), 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) were elevated in Ps and reduced in PsA. The results of our study revealed changes in lipid metabolism with enhancement of immune system-modulating mediators in psoriatic mononuclear cells. Evaluating further differential stress responses in Ps and PsA affecting lipid metabolism and immunity might be useful to improve the prevention and therapeutic treatments of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Wójcik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Michał Biernacki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Wroński
- Dermatological Specialized Center "DERMAL" NZOZ in Bialystok, 15-453 Białystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Łuczaj
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Georg Waeg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Neven Žarković
- LabOS, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland.
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14
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Bakhtiarizadeh MR, Salehi A, Alamouti AA, Abdollahi-Arpanahi R, Salami SA. Deep transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq suggests novel insights into molecular aspects of fat-tail metabolism in sheep. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9203. [PMID: 31235755 PMCID: PMC6591244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat-tail content of sheep breeds is varied and the molecular mechanisms regulating fat-tail development have not been well characterized. Aiming at better identifying the important candidate genes and their functional pathways contributing to fat deposition in the tail, a comparative transcriptome analysis was performed between fat- (Lori-Bakhtiari) and thin-tailed (Zel) Iranian sheep breeds using RNA-seq. The experiment was conducted on six male lambs (three lambs per each breed) at seven months of age. Four different combinations of aligners and statistical methods including Hisat2 + edgeR, Hisat2 + DESeq2, STAR + edgeR and STAR + DESeq2 were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The DEGs were selected for functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Module analysis was also conducted to mine the functional sub-networks from the PPI network. In total, 264 genes including 80 up- and 184 down-regulated genes were identified as DEGs. The RNA-Seq results were validated by Q-RT-PCR. Functional analysis of DEGs and the module analysis of PPI network demonstrated that in addition to pathways affecting lipid metabolism, a series of enriched functional terms related to "response to interleukin", "MAPK signaling pathways", "Wnt signaling pathway", "ECM-receptor interaction", "regulation of actin cytoskeleton", and "response to cAMP" might contribute to the deposition of fat in tails of sheep. Overall results using RNA-Seq analysis characterized important candidate genes involved in the fatty acid metabolism and regulation of fat deposition, suggesting novel insights into molecular aspects of fat-tail metabolism in sheep. Selected DEGs should be further investigated as potential markers associated with the fat-tail development in sheep breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdolreza Salehi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali A Alamouti
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Mahmoudvand S, Shokri S, Taherkhani R, Farshadpour F. Hepatitis C virus core protein modulates several signaling pathways involved in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:42-58. [PMID: 30643357 PMCID: PMC6328967 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection plays a major role in HCC development. The molecular mechanisms by which HCV infection leads to HCC are varied. HCV core protein is an important risk factor in HCV-associated liver pathogenesis and can modulate several signaling pathways involved in cell cycle regulation, cell growth promotion, cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. The dysregulation of signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Wnt/β-catenin (WNT), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) by HCV core protein is implicated in the development of HCC. Therefore, it has been suggested that this protein be considered a favorable target for further studies in the development of HCC. In addition, considering the axial role of these signaling pathways in HCC, they are considered druggable targets for cancer therapy. Therefore, using strategies to limit the dysregulation effects of core protein on these signaling pathways seems necessary to prevent HCV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Mahmoudvand
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shokri
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farshadpour
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
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16
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Andrejeva D, Kugler JM, Nguyen HT, Malmendal A, Holm ML, Toft BG, Loya AC, Cohen SM. Metabolic control of PPAR activity by aldehyde dehydrogenase regulates invasive cell behavior and predicts survival in hepatocellular and renal clear cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1180. [PMID: 30486822 PMCID: PMC6264057 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in cellular metabolism are now recognized as potential drivers of cancer development, rather than as secondary consequences of disease. Here, we explore the mechanism by which metabolic changes dependent on aldehyde dehydrogenase impact cancer development. Methods ALDH7A1 was identified as a potential cancer gene using a Drosophila in vivo metastasis model. The role of the human ortholog was examined using RNA interference in cell-based assays of cell migration and invasion. 1H-NMR metabolite profiling was used to identify metabolic changes in ALDH7A1-depleted cells. Publically available cancer gene expression data was interrogated to identify a gene-expression signature associated with depletion of ALDH7A1. Computational pathway and gene set enrichment analysis was used to identify signaling pathways and cellular processes that were correlated with reduced ALDH7A1 expression in cancer. A variety of statistical tests used to evaluate these analyses are described in detail in the methods section. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess ALDH7A1 expression in tissue samples from cancer patients. Results Depletion of ALDH7A1 increased cellular migration and invasiveness in vitro. Depletion of ALDH7A1 led to reduced levels of metabolites identified as ligands for Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα). Analysis of publically available cancer gene expression data revealed that ALDH7A1 mRNA levels were reduced in many human cancers, and that this correlated with poor survival in kidney and liver cancer patients. Using pathway and gene set enrichment analysis, we establish a correlation between low ALDH7A1 levels, reduced PPAR signaling and reduced patient survival. Metabolic profiling showed that endogenous PPARα ligands were reduced in ALDH7A1-depleted cells. ALDH7A1-depletion led to reduced PPAR transcriptional activity. Treatment with a PPARα agonist restored normal cellular behavior. Low ALDH7A1 protein levels correlated with poor clinical outcome in hepatocellular and renal clear cell carcinoma patients. Conclusions We provide evidence that low ALDH7A1 expression is a useful prognostic marker of poor clinical outcome for hepatocellular and renal clear cell carcinomas and hypothesize that patients with low ALDH7A1 might benefit from therapeutic approaches addressing PPARα activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5061-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Andrejeva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jan-Michael Kugler
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Hung Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anders Malmendal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mette Lind Holm
- Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Anand C Loya
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Stephen M Cohen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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17
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Jönsson TJ, Schäfer HL, Herling AW, Brönstrup M. A metabolome-wide characterization of the diabetic phenotype in ZDF rats and its reversal by pioglitazone. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207210. [PMID: 30481177 PMCID: PMC6258476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disease associated with alterations in glucose, lipid and protein metabolism. In order to characterize the biochemical phenotype of the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat, the most common animal model for the study of T2D, and the impact of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone, a global, mass spectrometry-based analysis of the metabolome was conducted. Overall, 420 metabolites in serum, 443 in the liver and 603 in the intestine were identified at study end. In comparison to two control groups, obese diabetic ZDF rats showed characteristic metabolic signatures that included hyperglycemia, elevated β-oxidation, dyslipidemia—featured by an increase in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and a decrease of medium chain and of polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum–and decreased amino acid levels, consistent with their utilization in hepatic gluconeogenesis. A 13-week treatment with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone reversed most of these signatures: Pioglitazone improved glycemic control and the fatty acid profile, elevated amino acid levels in the liver, but decreased branched chain amino acids in serum. The hitherto most comprehensive metabolic profiling study identified a biochemical blueprint for the ZDF diabetic model and captured the impact of genetic, nutritional and pharmacological perturbations. The in-depth characterization on the molecular level deepens the understanding and further validates the ZDF rat as a suitable preclinical model of diabetes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Brönstrup
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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18
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Khajebishak Y, Payahoo L, Alivand M, Alipour B. Punicic acid: A potential compound of pomegranate seed oil in Type 2 diabetes mellitus management. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2112-2120. [PMID: 30317607 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases in the worldwide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the most common form of the disease, has become a serious threat to public health and is a growing burden on global economies. Due to the unexpected adverse effects of antidiabetic medicines, the use of nutraceuticals as a complementary therapy has drawn extensive attention by investigators. In this issue, a novel nutraceutical, Punicic acid (PA)-the main ingredient of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) that has potential therapeutic effects in T2DM-has been investigated. PA is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, and unlike synthetic ligands, such as thiazolidinediones, it has no side effects. PA exerts antidiabetic effects via various mechanisms, such as reducing inflammatory cytokines, modulating glucose homeostasis, and antioxidant properties. In this review, we discussed the potential therapeutic effects of PSO and PA and represented the related mechanisms involved in the management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Khajebishak
- Nutrition Research Center, Drug Applied Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Laleh Payahoo
- Nutrition Research Center, Drug Applied Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Maraghe University of Medical Sciences, Maraghe, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Beitollah Alipour
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Qin Q, Wang B, Wang J, Chang M, Xia T, Shi X, Xu G. A comprehensive strategy for studying protein-metabolite interactions by metabolomics and native mass spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 194:63-72. [PMID: 30609583 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein-metabolite interactions play important roles in many cellular and physiological processes in biological systems. However, the lack of effective research approaches impedes the understanding of the protein-metabolite interactions. In this study, a novel comprehensive strategy by combining metabolomics platform with native mass spectrometry was developed for investigating the protein-metabolite interactions. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARγ) is a lipid-binding nuclear receptors that plays a key role in regulating fatty-acid oxidation and lipid metabolism, which was selected as the model protein. Seven metabolites including lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) 16:0, LPC18:0, LPC18:1, arachidonic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitoleic acid (p < 0.05) were found to have the possible interactions with the PPARγ, these LPCs were discovered as candidate ligands for the first time by using untargeted metabolomics method. Native mass spectrometry based on 15 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer was employed to directly detect the PPARγ-LPCs complexes to obtain their stoichiometry and kinetic constants. Isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectrum and molecular modeling were further utilized to investigate the thermodynamics, conformation and binding mechanism of the interaction between PPARγ and LPCs. It was found that the PPARγ-LPC interaction was an endothermic process, and these LPCs have similar binding constants with stoichiometric number of 1:1. The novel strategy can provide a very useful approach for mapping and identifying unknown protein-metabolite interactions in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bohong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengmeng Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tian Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xianzhe Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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Construction of lentiviral RNAi vector of PPARγ gene in cashmere goats and comparison with the transcriptome analysis of adipose cells treatments. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y. Crosstalk Between Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma and the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress During Carcinogenesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:745. [PMID: 29706964 PMCID: PMC5908886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are common and co-substantial pathological processes accompanying, promoting, and even initiating numerous cancers. The canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) generally work in opposition. If one of them is upregulated, the other one is downregulated and vice versa. WNT/β-catenin signaling is upregulated in inflammatory processes and oxidative stress and in many cancers, although there are some exceptions for cancers. The opposite is observed with PPARγ, which is generally downregulated during inflammation and oxidative stress and in many cancers. This helps to explain in part the opposite and unidirectional profile of the canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling and PPARγ in these three frequent and morbid processes that potentiate each other and create a vicious circle. Many intracellular pathways commonly involved downstream will help maintain and amplify inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer. Thus, many WNT/β-catenin target genes such as c-Myc, cyclin D1, and HIF-1α are involved in the development of cancers. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NFκB) can activate many inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, TGF-β, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, MMP, vascular endothelial growth factor, COX2, Bcl2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. These factors are often associated with cancerous processes and may even promote them. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by cellular alterations, stimulate the production of inflammatory factors such as NFκB, signal transducer and activator transcription, activator protein-1, and HIF-α. NFκB inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and therefore activates the canonical WNT pathway. ROS activates the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling in many cancers. PI3K/Akt also inhibits GSK-3β. Many gene mutations of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway giving rise to cancers have been reported (CTNNB1, AXIN, APC). Conversely, a significant reduction in the expression of PPARγ has been observed in many cancers. Moreover, PPARγ agonists promote cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, and apoptosis and reduce inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, invasion, and cell migration. All these complex and opposing interactions between the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ appear to be fairly common in inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
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22
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Lowe AD, Bawazeer S, Watson DG, McGill S, Burchmore RJS, Pomeroy PPP, Kennedy MW. Rapid changes in Atlantic grey seal milk from birth to weaning - immune factors and indicators of metabolic strain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16093. [PMID: 29170469 PMCID: PMC5700954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
True seals have the shortest lactation periods of any group of placental mammal. Most are capital breeders that undergo short, intense lactations, during which they fast while transferring substantial proportions of their body reserves to their pups, which they then abruptly wean. Milk was collected from Atlantic grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) periodically from birth until near weaning. Milk protein profiles matured within 24 hours or less, indicating the most rapid transition from colostrum to mature phase lactation yet observed. There was an unexpected persistence of immunoglobulin G almost until weaning, potentially indicating prolonged trans-intestinal transfer of IgG. Among components of innate immune protection were found fucosyllactose and siallylactose that are thought to impede colonisation by pathogens and encourage an appropriate milk-digestive and protective gut microbiome. These oligosaccharides decreased from early lactation to almost undetectable levels by weaning. Taurine levels were initially high, then fell, possibly indicative of taurine dependency in seals, and progressive depletion of maternal reserves. Metabolites that signal changes in the mother’s metabolism of fats, such as nicotinamide and derivatives, rose from virtual absence, and acetylcarnitines fell. It is therefore possible that indicators of maternal metabolic strain exist that signal the imminence of weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D Lowe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, and School of Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Sami Bawazeer
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - David G Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Suzanne McGill
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Glasgow, G12 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Richard J S Burchmore
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Glasgow, G12 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - P P Paddy Pomeroy
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm W Kennedy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, and School of Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
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Acharjee A, Ament Z, West JA, Stanley E, Griffin JL. Integration of metabolomics, lipidomics and clinical data using a machine learning method. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:440. [PMID: 28185575 PMCID: PMC5133491 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent pandemic of obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has led to the realisation that new drug targets are needed to either reduce obesity or the subsequent pathophysiological consequences associated with excess weight gain. Certain nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) play a pivotal role in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and have been highlighted as potential treatments for obesity. This realisation started a search for NR agonists in order to understand and successfully treat MetS and associated conditions such as insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity and cardiovascular disease. The most studied NRs for treating metabolic diseases are the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, and PPAR-δ. However, prolonged PPAR treatment in animal models has led to adverse side effects including increased risk of a number of cancers, but how these receptors change metabolism long term in terms of pathology, despite many beneficial effects shorter term, is not fully understood. In the current study, changes in male Sprague Dawley rat liver caused by dietary treatment with a PPAR-pan (PPAR-α, -γ, and -δ) agonist were profiled by classical toxicology (clinical chemistry) and high throughput metabolomics and lipidomics approaches using mass spectrometry. RESULTS In order to integrate an extensive set of nine different multivariate metabolic and lipidomics datasets with classical toxicological parameters we developed a hypotheses free, data driven machine learning approach. From the data analysis, we examined how the nine datasets were able to model dose and clinical chemistry results, with the different datasets having very different information content. CONCLUSIONS We found lipidomics (Direct Infusion-Mass Spectrometry) data the most predictive for different dose responses. In addition, associations with the metabolic and lipidomic data with aspartate amino transaminase (AST), a hepatic leakage enzyme to assess organ damage, and albumin, indicative of altered liver synthetic function, were established. Furthermore, by establishing correlations and network connections between eicosanoids, phospholipids and triacylglycerols, we provide evidence that these lipids function as a key link between inflammatory processes and intermediary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Acharjee
- Medical Research Council, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK.,The Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Zsuzsanna Ament
- Medical Research Council, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK
| | - James A West
- Medical Research Council, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK
| | - Elizabeth Stanley
- Medical Research Council, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Medical Research Council, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK. .,The Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.
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24
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Commonalities in the Association between PPARG and Vitamin D Related with Obesity and Carcinogenesis. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:2308249. [PMID: 27579030 PMCID: PMC4992792 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2308249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The PPAR nuclear receptor family has acquired great relevance in the last decade, which is formed by three different isoforms (PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPAR ϒ). Those nuclear receptors are members of the steroid receptor superfamily which take part in essential metabolic and life-sustaining actions. Specifically, PPARG has been implicated in the regulation of processes concerning metabolism, inflammation, atherosclerosis, cell differentiation, and proliferation. Thus, a considerable amount of literature has emerged in the last ten years linking PPARG signalling with metabolic conditions such as obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and, more recently, cancer. This review paper, at crossroads of basic sciences, preclinical, and clinical data, intends to analyse the last research concerning PPARG signalling in obesity and cancer. Afterwards, possible links between four interrelated actors will be established: PPARG, the vitamin D/VDR system, obesity, and cancer, opening up the door to further investigation and new hypothesis in this fascinating area of research.
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25
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Jiao F, Yan X, Yu Y, Zhu X, Ma Y, Yue Z, Ou H, Yan Z. Protective effects of maternal methyl donor supplementation on adult offspring of high fat diet-fed dams. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 34:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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26
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Ament Z, West JA, Stanley E, Ashmore T, Roberts LD, Wright J, Nicholls AW, Griffin JL. PPAR-pan activation induces hepatic oxidative stress and lipidomic remodelling. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 95:357-68. [PMID: 26654758 PMCID: PMC4891066 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand activated nuclear receptors that regulate cellular homoeostasis and metabolism. PPARs control the expression of genes involved in fatty-acid and lipid metabolism. Despite evidence showing beneficial effects of their activation in the treatment of metabolic diseases, particularly dyslipidaemias and type 2 diabetes, PPAR agonists have also been associated with a variety of side effects and adverse pathological changes. Agonists have been developed that simultaneously activate the three PPAR receptors (PPARα, γ and δ) in the hope that the beneficial effects can be harnessed while avoiding some of the negative side effects. In this study, the hepatic effects of a discontinued PPAR-pan agonist (a triple agonist of PPAR-α, -γ, and -δ), was investigated after dietary treatment of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The agonist induced liver enlargement in conjunction with metabolomic and lipidomic remodelling. Increased concentrations of several metabolites related to processes of oxidation, such as oxo-methionine, methyl-cytosine and adenosyl-methionine indicated increased stress and immune status. These changes are reflected in lipidomic changes, and increased energy demands as determined by free fatty acid (decreased 18:3 n-3, 20:5 n-3 and increased ratios of n-6/n-3 fatty acids) triacylglycerol, phospholipid (decreased and increased bulk changes respectively) and eicosanoid content (increases in PGB2 and 15-deoxy PGJ2). We conclude that the investigated PPAR agonist, GW625019, induces liver enlargement, accompanied by lipidomic remodelling, oxidative stress and increases in several pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. This suggests that such pathways should be monitored in the drug development process and also outline how PPAR agonists induce liver proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Ament
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK; The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; The Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (CSBC), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - James A West
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK; The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; The Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (CSBC), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Elizabeth Stanley
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK; The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; The Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (CSBC), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Tom Ashmore
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK; The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; The Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (CSBC), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Lee D Roberts
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK; The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; The Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (CSBC), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Jayne Wright
- Jayne Wright Ltd., Underhill House, Ledbury, Herefordshire HR8 2QR, UK
| | - Andrew W Nicholls
- GlaxoSmithKline, Investigative Preclinical Toxicology, Park Road, Ware SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK; The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; The Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (CSBC), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
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27
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Kumar M, Hemalatha R, Nagpal R, Singh B, Parasannanavar D, Verma V, Kumar A, Marotta F, Catanzaro R, Cuffari B, Jain S, Bissi L, Yadav H. PROBIOTIC APPROACHES FOR TARGETING INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: AN UPDATE ON ADVANCES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN MANAGING THE DISEASE. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROBIOTICS & PREBIOTICS 2016; 11:99-116. [PMID: 31452650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2022]
Abstract
Various commensal enteric and pathogenic bacteria may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), a chronic condition with a pathogenic background that involves both immunogenetic and environmental factors. IBDs comprising of Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis, and pauchitis are chronic inflammatory conditions, and known for causing disturbed homeostatic balance among the intestinal immune compartment, gut epithelium and microbiome. An increasing trend of IBDs in incidence, prevalence, and severity has been reported during recent years. Probiotic strains have been reported to manage the IBDs and related pathologies, and hence are current hot topics of research for their potential to manage metabolic diseases as well as various immunopathologies. However, the probiotics industry will need to undergo a transformation, with increased focus on stringent manufacturing guidelines and high-quality clinical trials. This article reviews the present state of art of role of probiotic bacteria in reducing inflammation and strengthening the host immune system with reference to the management of IBDs. We infer that t healthcare will move beyond its prevailing focus on human physiology, and embrace the superorganism as a paradigm to understand and ameliorate IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad
| | - Rajkumar Hemalatha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo
| | - Birbal Singh
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, India
| | - Devraj Parasannanavar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad
| | - Vinod Verma
- Centre of Biotechnology, Nehru Science Complex, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Zoology, M.L.K. Post-Graduate College, Balrampur (U.P.), India
| | - Francesco Marotta
- ReGenera Research Group for Aging Intervention & MMC-Milano Medical, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Catanzaro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Biagio Cuffari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Shalini Jain
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Bissi
- ReGenera Research Group for Aging Intervention & MMC-Milano Medical, Milano, Italy
| | - Hariom Yadav
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ahmad MS, Ashrafian H, Alsaleh M, Holmes E. Role of metabolic phenotyping in understanding obesity and related conditions in Gulf Co-operation Council countries. Clin Obes 2015; 5:302-11. [PMID: 26567983 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health concern in the Middle East and the incidence is rising in all sections of the population. Efforts to control obesity through diet and lifestyle interventions, and by surgical means, have had limited effect, and the gene-environment interactions underpinning the development of obesity and related pathologies such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and certain cancers are poorly defined. Lifestyle, genetics, inflammation and the interaction between the intestinal bacteria and host metabolism have all been implicated in creating an obesogenic environment. We summarize the role of metabolic and microbial phenotyping in understanding the aetiopathogenesis of obesity and in characterizing the metabolic responses to surgical and non-surgical interventions, and explore the potential for clinical translation of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ahmad
- Drug Metabolism Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Ashrafian
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Alsaleh
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E Holmes
- Drug Metabolism Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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29
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Lin CM, Tsai JT, Chang CK, Cheng JT, Lin JW. Development of telmisartan in the therapy of spinal cord injury: pre-clinical study in rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:4709-17. [PMID: 26316709 PMCID: PMC4544623 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s86616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decrease of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-δ (PPARδ) expression has been observed after spinal cord injury (SCI). Increase of PPARδ may improve the damage in SCI. Telmisartan, the antihypertensive agent, has been mentioned to increase the expression of PPARδ. Thus, we are going to screen the effectiveness of telmisartan in SCI for the development of it in clinical application. METHODS In the present study, we used compressive SCI in rats. Telmisartan was then used to evaluate the influence in rats after SCI. Change in PPARδ expression was identified by Western blots. Also, behavioral tests were performed to check the recovery of damage. RESULTS Recovery of damage from SCI was observed in telmisartan-treated rats. Additionally, this action of telmisartan was inhibited by GSK0660 at the dose sufficient to block PPARδ. However, metformin at the dose enough to activate adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase failed to produce similar action as telmisartan. Thus, mediation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in this action of telmisartan can be rule out. Moreover, telmisartan reversed the expressions of PPARδ in rats with SCI. CONCLUSION The obtained data suggest that telmisartan can improve the damage of SCI in rats through an increase in PPARδ expression. Thus, telmisartan is useful to be developed as an agent in the therapy of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Min Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital-Taipei Medical University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Ting Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shuang Ho Hospital-Taipei Medical University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chen Kuei Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital-Taipei Medical University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital-Taipei Medical University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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30
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Sanders FWB, Griffin JL. De novo lipogenesis in the liver in health and disease: more than just a shunting yard for glucose. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:452-68. [PMID: 25740151 PMCID: PMC4832395 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is the biochemical process of synthesising fatty acids from acetyl‐CoA subunits that are produced from a number of different pathways within the cell, most commonly carbohydrate catabolism. In addition to glucose which most commonly supplies carbon units for DNL, fructose is also a profoundly lipogenic substrate that can drive DNL, important when considering the increasing use of fructose in corn syrup as a sweetener. In the context of disease, DNL is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, a common condition often associated with the metabolic syndrome and consequent insulin resistance. Whether DNL plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance is yet to be fully elucidated, but it may be that the prevalent products of this synthetic process induce some aspect of hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis W B Sanders
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, U.K.,The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Julian L Griffin
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, U.K.,The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
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31
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Yin P, Lehmann R, Xu G. Effects of pre-analytical processes on blood samples used in metabolomics studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:4879-92. [PMID: 25736245 PMCID: PMC4471316 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Every day, analytical and bio-analytical chemists make sustained efforts to improve the sensitivity, specificity, robustness, and reproducibility of their methods. Especially in targeted and non-targeted profiling approaches, including metabolomics analysis, these objectives are not easy to achieve; however, robust and reproducible measurements and low coefficients of variation (CV) are crucial for successful metabolomics approaches. Nevertheless, all efforts from the analysts are in vain if the sample quality is poor, i.e. if preanalytical errors are made by the partner during sample collection. Preanalytical risks and errors are more common than expected, even when standard operating procedures (SOP) are used. This risk is particularly high in clinical studies, and poor sample quality may heavily bias the CV of the final analytical results, leading to disappointing outcomes of the study and consequently, although unjustified, to critical questions about the analytical performance of the approach from the partner who provided the samples. This review focuses on the preanalytical phase of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-driven metabolomics analysis of body fluids. Several important preanalytical factors that may seriously affect the profile of the investigated metabolome in body fluids, including factors before sample collection, blood drawing, subsequent handling of the whole blood (transportation), processing of plasma and serum, and inadequate conditions for sample storage, will be discussed. In addition, a detailed description of latent effects on the stability of the blood metabolome and a suggestion for a practical procedure to circumvent risks in the preanalytical phase will be given. The procedures and potential problems in preanalytical aspects of metabolomics studies using blood samples. Bias in the preanalytical phase may lead to unwanted results in the subsequential studies ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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Chan CB, Gupta J, Kozicky L, Hashemi Z, Yang K. Improved glucose tolerance in insulin-resistant rats after pea hull feeding is associated with changes in lipid metabolism-targeted transcriptome. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:1112-9. [PMID: 24930679 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the mechanisms by which pulse grain fractions elicit beneficial effects on glucose tolerance is incomplete. An untargeted metabolomic analysis of serum from insulin-resistant rats was carried out to identify potential metabolic pathways affected by feeding rats the hull fraction of dried peas for 4 weeks. From this, we hypothesized that transcription of hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism would be altered. cDNA was prepared from total RNA extracted from livers of rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD + pea hulls (PH) diet. The liver lipid transcriptome of each cDNA sample was characterized using a PCR-based array of 84 genes. The activity of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) was measured in hepatocyte nuclei. The predominant findings of the metabolomic analysis revealed a significant increase in the intermediaries of β-oxidation: C16-OH and C16:1 acylcarnitines (>50%, p < 0.05) and 3-hydroxybutyrate (100%, p < 0.05) in the PH group compared with the HFD group. mRNA of hadha, a gene involved in β-oxidation, was significantly reduced by 53% (p < 0.005) in the PH group compared with the HFD group, but no differences in PPAR-α activity were detected. 3-Hydroxybutyrate concentrations were associated with insulin sensitivity and reduced demand for insulin. The results indicate that feeding PH alters lipid metabolism in liver, which may contribute to improved glucose tolerance in insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B Chan
- a Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada
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Decrease of PPARδ in Type-1-Like Diabetic Rat for Higher Mortality after Spinal Cord Injury. PPAR Res 2014; 2014:456386. [PMID: 24817882 PMCID: PMC4003751 DOI: 10.1155/2014/456386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-δ (PPARδ) expression in rats after spinal cord injury (SCI) have been previously reported. Diabetic animals show a higher mortality after SCI. However, the relationship between the progress of diabetes and PPARδ in SCI remains unknown. In the present study, we used compressive SCI in streptozotocin-(STZ-) induced diabetic rats. GW0742, a PPARδ agonist, was used to evaluate its merit in STZ rats after SCI. Changes in PPARδ expression were detected by Western blot. Survival rates were also estimated. A lower expression of PPARδ in spinal cords of STZ-diabetic rats was observed. In addition, the survival times in two-week induction diabetes were longer than those in eight-week induction group, which is consistent with the expression of PPARδ in the spinal cord. Moreover, GW0742 significantly increased the survival time of STZ rats. Furthermore, their motor function and pain response were attenuated by GSK0660, a selective PPARδ antagonist, but were enhanced by GW0742. In conclusion, the data suggest that higher mortality rate in STZ-diabetic rats with SCI is associated with the decrease of PPARδ expression. Thus, change of PPARδ expression with the progress of diabetes seems responsible for the higher mortality rate after SCI.
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Bouhifd M, Hartung T, Hogberg HT, Kleensang A, Zhao L. Review: toxicometabolomics. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 33:1365-83. [PMID: 23722930 PMCID: PMC3808515 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics use in toxicology is rapidly increasing, particularly owing to advances in mass spectroscopy, which is widely used in the life sciences for phenotyping disease states. Toxicology has the advantage of having the disease agent, the toxicant, available for experimental induction of metabolomics changes monitored over time and dose. This review summarizes the different technologies employed and gives examples of their use in various areas of toxicology. A prominent use of metabolomics is the identification of signatures of toxicity - patterns of metabolite changes predictive of a hazard manifestation. Increasingly, such signatures indicative of a certain hazard manifestation are identified, suggesting that certain modes of action result in specific derangements of the metabolism. This might enable the deduction of underlying pathways of toxicity, which, in their entirety, form the Human Toxome, a key concept for implementing the vision of Toxicity Testing for the 21st century. This review summarizes the current state of metabolomics technologies and principles, their uses in toxicology and gives a thorough overview on metabolomics bioinformatics, pathway identification and quality assurance. In addition, this review lays out the prospects for further metabolomics application also in a regulatory context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Correspondence to: T. Hartung, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, Chair for Evidence-based Toxicology, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Ament Z, Waterman CL, West JA, Waterfield C, Currie RA, Wright J, Griffin JL. A metabolomics investigation of non-genotoxic carcinogenicity in the rat. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:5775-90. [PMID: 24161236 DOI: 10.1021/pr4007766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGCs) promote tumor growth by altering gene expression, which ultimately leads to cancer without directly causing a change in DNA sequence. As a result NGCs are not detected in mutagenesis assays. While there are proposed biomarkers of carcinogenic potential, the definitive identification of non-genotoxic carcinogens still rests with the rat and mouse long-term bioassay. Such assays are expensive and time-consuming and require a large number of animals, and their relevance to human health risk assessments is debatable. Metabolomics and lipidomics in combination with pathology and clinical chemistry were used to profile perturbations produced by 10 compounds that represented a range of rat non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens (NGC), non-genotoxic non-hepatocarcinogens (non-NGC), and a genotoxic hepatocarcinogen. Each compound was administered at its maximum tolerated dose level for 7, 28, and 91 days to male Fisher 344 rats. Changes in liver metabolite concentration differentiated the treated groups across different time points. The most significant differences were driven by pharmacological mode of action, specifically by the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) agonists. Despite these dominant effects, good predictions could be made when differentiating NGCs from non-NGCs. Predictive ability measured by leave one out cross validation was 87% and 77% after 28 days of dosing for NGCs and non-NGCs, respectively. Among the discriminatory metabolites we identified free fatty acids, phospholipids, and triacylglycerols, as well as precursors of eicosanoid and the products of reactive oxygen species linked to processes of inflammation, proliferation, and oxidative stress. Thus, metabolic profiling is able to identify changes due to the pharmacological mode of action of xenobiotics and contribute to early screening for non-genotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Ament
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (MRC HNR), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, U.K. , The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K. , and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (CSBC), University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1QR, U.K
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Periyalil HA, Gibson PG, Wood LG. Immunometabolism in obese asthmatics: are we there yet? Nutrients 2013; 5:3506-30. [PMID: 24025484 PMCID: PMC3798918 DOI: 10.3390/nu5093506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now recognised as a worldwide epidemic. The recent International Association for the Study of Obesity/International Obesity Taskforce (IASO/IOTF) analysis estimates that approximately 1.0 billion adults are currently overweight and a further 475 million are obese. Obesity has huge psychosocial impact with obese children and adolescents facing discrimination and stigmatization in many areas of their lives leading to body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem and depression. Indeed, obesity is recognised as an important risk factor for the development of several chronic diseases such as hypertension, cancer, asthma and metabolic syndrome. Chronic low grade systemic inflammation is considered as a hallmark of obesity and may possibly explain the link between obesity and chronic disease, in particular the increased incidence, prevalence and severity of asthma in obese individuals. There is now strong evidence for infiltration of immune and inflammatory cells into adipose tissue that drives systemic inflammation and subsequent end organ damage. In addition to adipocytes, the key adipose tissue resident immune cells are macrophages and mast cells. Immunometabolism, as an emerging field of investigation, explores the pivotal role of these immune cells in translating immunological changes to metabolic effects in obesity. Abundance of free fatty acids, along with other inflammatory cytokines shift the balance of metabolic homeostasis to pro-inflammatory status by influencing the development of inflammatory cell lineage, which, further exhibits distinct functional phenotypes. There is emerging evidence for macrophage activation and functional polarization of an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype towards a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype of macrophages in obese adipose tissue. Similarly, studies in both obese humans and murine models reveal the pathognomic presence of an increased number of mast cells in visceral adipose tissue. These suggest a possible contribution of mast cells to the unique metabolome of obese asthma. This review examines proposed multilevel interactions between metabolic and immune systems in obese asthmatics that underlie the negative effects of obesity and may offer significant therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim A. Periyalil
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; E-Mails: (H.A.P.); (L.G.W.)
| | - Peter G. Gibson
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; E-Mails: (H.A.P.); (L.G.W.)
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: or ; Tel.: +61-2-404-201-43; Fax: +61-2-404-200-46
| | - Lisa G. Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; E-Mails: (H.A.P.); (L.G.W.)
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Merrill AH, Dennis EA, McDonald JG, Fahy E. Lipidomics technologies at the end of the first decade and the beginning of the next. Adv Nutr 2013; 4:565-7. [PMID: 24038259 PMCID: PMC3771151 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.004333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipidome is composed of all of the biomolecules defined as lipids, which encompass compounds of amazing structural diversity and complexity. It has been ∼1 decade since the study of "lipidomics" was begun in earnest, and the technologies and tools for data analysis have advanced considerably over this period. This workshop summarized the scope of the lipidome and technologies for its analysis, lipidomics databases and other online tools, and examples of the application of lipidomics to nutritional research. The slides from the workshop, online lipidomics tools, and databases are available at http://www.lipidmaps.org.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward A. Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Jeffrey G. McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Eoin Fahy
- San Diego Supercomputing Center, University of California, San Diego, CA
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Lee HJ, Jang M, Kim H, Kwak W, Park W, Hwang JY, Lee CK, Jang GW, Park MN, Kim HC, Jeong JY, Seo KS, Kim H, Cho S, Lee BY. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Adipose Tissues Reveals that ECM-Receptor Interaction Is Involved in the Depot-Specific Adipogenesis in Cattle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66267. [PMID: 23805208 PMCID: PMC3689780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes mainly function as energy storage and endocrine cells. Adipose tissues showed the biological and genetic difference based on their depots. The difference of adipocytes between depots might be influenced by the inherent genetic programing for adipogenesis. We used RNA-seq technique to investigate the transcriptomes in 3 adipose tissues of omental (O), subcutaneous (S) and intramuscular (I) fats in cattle. Sequence reads were obtained from Illumina HiSeq2000 and mapped to the bovine genome using Tophat2. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) between adipose tissues were detected by EdgeR. We identified 5797, 2156, and 5455 DEGs in the comparison between OI, OS, and IS respectively and also found 5657 DEGs in the comparison between the intramuscular and the combined omental and subcutaneous fats (C) (FDR<0.01). Depot specifically up- and down- regulated DEGs were 853 in S, 48 in I, and 979 in O. The numbers of DEGs and functional annotation studies suggested that I had the different genetic profile compared to other two adipose tissues. In I, DEGs involved in the developmental process (eg. EGR2, FAS, and KLF7) were up-regulated and those in the immune system process were down-regulated. Many DEGs from the adipose tissues were enriched in the various GO terms of developmental process and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the ECM-receptor interaction was one of commonly enriched pathways in all of the 3 adipose tissues and also functioned as a sub-pathway of other enriched pathways. However, genes involved in the ECM-receptor interaction were differentially regulated depending on the depots. Collagens, main ECM constituents, were significantly up-regulated in S and integrins, transmembrane receptors, were up-regulated in I. Different laminins were up-regulated in the different depots. This comparative transcriptome analysis of three adipose tissues suggested that the interactions between ECM components and transmembrane receptors of fat cells depend on the depot specific adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jeong Lee
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongmin Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woori Kwak
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- C&K genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - WonCheoul Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gul Won Jang
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Na Park
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Cheol Kim
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Jeong
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Seok Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoae Cho
- C&K genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Du F, Virtue A, Wang H, Yang XF. Metabolomic analyses for atherosclerosis, diabetes, and obesity. Biomark Res 2013; 1:17. [PMID: 24252331 PMCID: PMC4177614 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7771-1-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and atherosclerosis is a global health problem. A portfolio of abnormalities of metabolic and vascular homeostasis accompanies T2DM and obesity, which are believed to conspire to lead to accelerated atherosclerosis and premature death. The complexity of metabolic changes in the diseases presents challenges for a full understanding of the molecular pathways contributing to the development of these diseases. The recent advent of new technologies in this area termed “Metabolomics” may aid in comprehensive metabolic analysis of these diseases. Therefore, metabolomics has been extensively applied to the metabolites of T2DM, obesity, and atherosclerosis not only for the assessment of disease development and prognosis, but also for the biomarker discovery of disease diagnosis. Herein, we summarize the recent applications of metabolomics technology and the generated datasets in the metabolic profiling of these diseases, in particular, the applications of these technologies to these diseases at the cellular, animal models, and human disease levels. In addition, we also extensively discuss the mechanisms linking the metabolic profiling in insulin resistance, T2DM, obesity, and atherosclerosis, with a particular emphasis on potential roles of increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Induction of mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration is associated with mTOR regulation in hepatocytes of rats treated with the pan-PPAR activator tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 430:573-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Diabetes - the Role of Metabolomics in the Discovery of New Mechanisms and Novel Biomarkers. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-012-0282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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42
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Sozmen M, Kabak YB, Gulbahar MY, Gacar A, Karayigit MO, Guvenc T, Yarim M. Immunohistochemical characterization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in canine normal testis and testicular tumours. J Comp Pathol 2012; 149:10-8. [PMID: 23219070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Recent studies have demonstrated that PPARs regulate lipid metabolism and are expressed in various cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of PPAR-α, -β and -γ in normal canine testicular tissue and canine testicular tumours (CTTs). Expression of PPAR-α, -β and -γ was greater (P <0.05) than in normal testicular tissue. PPARs were therefore induced in CTTs and they may play a role in the biology of these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, TR-55139 Samsun, Turkey.
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Ferreira AM, Minarrieta L, Lamas Bervejillo M, Rubbo H. Nitro-fatty acids as novel electrophilic ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1654-63. [PMID: 22982052 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.08.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipid nitration has been observed during oxidative/nitrative stress conditions generating a variety of biomolecules capable of modulating cellular responses. This concept has grown as a result of studies with nitro-derivatives of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids containing a nitroalkene group (nitro-fatty acids). This review focuses on the interactions of nitro-fatty acids with members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) family. These nuclear receptors belong to a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, which serve as sensors of lipophilic molecules and regulate the expression of a set of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Here we discuss how nitro-fatty acids bind and activate PPARs, including the current knowledge of the molecular interactions and cell signaling events involved as well as their therapeutic potential associated with chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Ferreira
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias/Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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PPARs and HCV-Related Hepatocarcinoma: A Mitochondrial Point of View. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:605302. [PMID: 22966221 PMCID: PMC3431172 DOI: 10.1155/2012/605302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis-C-virus-related infective diseases are worldwide spread pathologies affecting primarily liver. The infection is often asymptomatic, but when chronically persisting can lead to liver scarring and ultimately to cirrhosis, which is generally apparent after decades. In some cases, cirrhosis will progress to develop liver failure, liver cancer, or life-threatening esophageal and gastric varices. HCV-infected cells undergo profound metabolic dysregulation whose mechanisms are yet not well understood. An emerging feature in the pathogenesis of the HCV-related disease is the setting of a pro-oxidative condition caused by dysfunctions of mitochondria which proved to be targets of viral proteins. This causes deregulation of mitochondria-dependent catabolic pathway including fatty acid oxidation. Nuclear receptors and their ligands are fundamental regulators of the liver metabolic homeostasis, which are disrupted following HCV infection. In this contest, specific attention has been focused on the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors given their role in controlling liver lipid metabolism and the availability of specific pharmacological drugs of potential therapeutic utilization. However, the reported role of PPARs in HCV infection provides conflicting results likely due to different species-specific contests. In this paper we summarize the current knowledge on this issue and offer a reconciling model based on mitochondria-related features.
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Multi-target drugs: the trend of drug research and development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40262. [PMID: 22768266 PMCID: PMC3386979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Summarizing the status of drugs in the market and examining the trend of drug research and development is important in drug discovery. In this study, we compared the drug targets and the market sales of the new molecular entities approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration from January 2000 to December 2009. Two networks, namely, the target–target and drug–drug networks, have been set up using the network analysis tools. The multi-target drugs have much more potential, as shown by the network visualization and the market trends. We discussed the possible reasons and proposed the rational strategies for drug research and development in the future.
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