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Bobak CA, Botha M, Workman L, Hill JE, Nicol MP, Holloway JW, Stein DJ, Martinez L, Zar HJ. Gene Expression in Cord Blood and Tuberculosis in Early Childhood: A Nested Case-Control Study in a South African Birth Cohort. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:438-449. [PMID: 37144357 PMCID: PMC10425199 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptomic profiling of adults with tuberculosis (TB) has become increasingly common, predominantly for diagnostic and risk prediction purposes. However, few studies have evaluated signatures in children, particularly in identifying those at risk for developing TB disease. We investigated the relationship between gene expression obtained from umbilical cord blood and both tuberculin skin test conversion and incident TB disease through the first 5 years of life. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study in the Drakenstein Child Health Study, a longitudinal, population-based birth cohort in South Africa. We applied transcriptome-wide screens to umbilical cord blood samples from neonates born to a subset of selected mothers (N = 131). Signatures identifying tuberculin conversion and risk of subsequent TB disease were identified from genome-wide analysis of RNA expression. RESULTS Gene expression signatures revealed clear differences predictive of tuberculin conversion (n = 26) and TB disease (n = 10); 114 genes were associated with tuberculin conversion and 30 genes were associated with the progression to TB disease among children with early infection. Coexpression network analysis revealed 6 modules associated with risk of TB infection or disease, including a module associated with neutrophil activation in immune response (P < .0001) and defense response to bacterium (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest multiple detectable differences in gene expression at birth that were associated with risk of TB infection or disease throughout early childhood. Such measures may provide novel insights into TB pathogenesis and susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A Bobak
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Maresa Botha
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lesley Workman
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jane E Hill
- School of Biomedical Engineering and the School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mark P Nicol
- Marshall Centre, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town
- Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, South African Medical Research Council
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leonardo Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Massachusetts
| | - Heather J Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, Cape Town, South Africa
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Grandt CL, Brackmann LK, Foraita R, Schwarz H, Hummel-Bartenschlager W, Hankeln T, Kraemer C, Zahnreich S, Drees P, Mirsch J, Spix C, Blettner M, Schmidberger H, Binder H, Hess M, Galetzka D, Marini F, Poplawski A, Marron M. Gene expression variability in long-term survivors of childhood cancer and cancer-free controls in response to ionizing irradiation. Mol Med 2023; 29:41. [PMID: 36997855 PMCID: PMC10061869 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential expression analysis is usually adjusted for variation. However, most studies that examined the expression variability (EV) have used computations affected by low expression levels and did not examine healthy tissue. This study aims to calculate and characterize an unbiased EV in primary fibroblasts of childhood cancer survivors and cancer-free controls (N0) in response to ionizing radiation. METHODS Human skin fibroblasts of 52 donors with a first primary neoplasm in childhood (N1), 52 donors with at least one second primary neoplasm (N2 +), as well as 52 N0 were obtained from the KiKme case-control study and exposed to a high (2 Gray) and a low dose (0.05 Gray) of X-rays and sham- irradiation (0 Gray). Genes were then classified as hypo-, non-, or hyper-variable per donor group and radiation treatment, and then examined for over-represented functional signatures. RESULTS We found 22 genes with considerable EV differences between donor groups, of which 11 genes were associated with response to ionizing radiation, stress, and DNA repair. The largest number of genes exclusive to one donor group and variability classification combination were all detected in N0: hypo-variable genes after 0 Gray (n = 49), 0.05 Gray (n = 41), and 2 Gray (n = 38), as well as hyper-variable genes after any dose (n = 43). While after 2 Gray positive regulation of cell cycle was hypo-variable in N0, (regulation of) fibroblast proliferation was over-represented in hyper-variable genes of N1 and N2+. In N2+, 30 genes were uniquely classified as hyper-variable after the low dose and were associated with the ERK1/ERK2 cascade. For N1, no exclusive gene sets with functions related to the radiation response were detected in our data. CONCLUSION N2+ showed high degrees of variability in pathways for the cell fate decision after genotoxic insults that may lead to the transfer and multiplication of DNA-damage via proliferation, where apoptosis and removal of the damaged genome would have been appropriate. Such a deficiency could potentially lead to a higher vulnerability towards side effects of exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation, but following low-dose applications employed in diagnostics, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caine Lucas Grandt
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Lara Kim Brackmann
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ronja Foraita
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Heike Schwarz
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular Genetics and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christiane Kraemer
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular Genetics and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zahnreich
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Drees
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johanna Mirsch
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Claudia Spix
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, German Childhood Cancer Registry, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria Blettner
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Center of the Johannes, University Medical, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz Schmidberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Binder
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Hess
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Danuta Galetzka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Center of the Johannes, University Medical, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alicia Poplawski
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Center of the Johannes, University Medical, Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuela Marron
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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Benowitz NL, Goniewicz ML, Halpern-Felsher B, Krishnan-Sarin S, Ling PM, O'Connor RJ, Pentz MA, Robertson RM, Bhatnagar A. Tobacco product use and the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19: current understanding and recommendations for future research. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2022; 10:900-915. [PMID: 35985357 PMCID: PMC9381032 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 progression underscores the urgent need to identify individual-level susceptibility factors that affect infection vulnerability and disease severity. Tobacco product use is a potential susceptibility factor. In this Personal View, we provide an overview of the findings of peer-reviewed, published studies relating tobacco product use to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 outcomes, with most studies focusing on cigarette smoking in adults. Findings pertaining to the effects of tobacco product use on the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection are inconsistent. However, evidence supports a role for cigarette smoking in increasing the risk of poor COVID-19 outcomes, including hospital admission, progression in disease severity, and COVID-19-related mortality. We discuss the potential effects of tobacco use behaviour on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and infection, and highlight the pathophysiological changes associated with cigarette smoking that could promote SARS-CoV-2 infection and increased disease severity. We consider the biological mechanisms by which nicotine and other tobacco product constituents might affect immune and inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we identify current knowledge gaps and suggest priorities for research to address acute and post-acute health outcomes of COVID-19 during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal L Benowitz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maciej L Goniewicz
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Pamela M Ling
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard J O'Connor
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mary Ann Pentz
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rose Marie Robertson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Rezk-Hanna M, Warda US, Stokes AC, Fetterman J, Li J, Macey PM, Darawad M, Song Y, Ben Taleb Z, Brecht ML, Benowitz NL. Associations of Smokeless Tobacco Use With Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Insights From the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1063-1070. [PMID: 34999825 PMCID: PMC9199939 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking is strongly associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, evidence is limited as to whether smokeless tobacco (ST) use is associated with CVD. AIMS AND METHODS Using data from 4347 adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2013-2014), we compared geometric mean concentrations of CVD-related harm biomarkers and biomarkers of exposure among exclusive ST users and exclusive cigarette smokers-in relation to recent nicotine exposure-and never tobacco users, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, body mass index, and CVD. Biomarker levels among exclusive ST users who were former established cigarette smokers were compared with exclusive cigarette smokers. RESULTS Compared with cigarette smokers, ST users had significantly higher concentrations of total nicotine equivalents (TNE) but lower concentrations of inflammatory (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, intercellular adhesion molecule, fibrinogen) and oxidative stress (8-isoprostane) biomarkers (all p < .05). Biomarker levels among ST users were similar to never smokers. ST users who were former cigarette smokers had lower levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and biomarkers of exposure (cadmium, lead, 1-hydroxypyrene, acrylonitrile, and acrolein), compared with cigarettes smokers (p < .05), despite having higher TNE levels (p < .05). Among cigarette smokers, but not among ST users, inflammatory biomarkers and TNE were highly correlated. CONCLUSIONS ST use is not associated with increases in biomarkers of CVD-related harm and exposure, compared with never smokers, despite exposure to nicotine at levels higher than those observed among cigarette smokers. These findings support the concept that increases in CVD risk among cigarette smokers is caused primarily by constituents of tobacco smoke other than nicotine. IMPLICATIONS Despite having higher levels of nicotine and compared with exclusive cigarette smokers, exclusive ST users (including those who were former cigarette smokers) had significantly lower concentrations of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, comparable to levels observed among never tobacco users. These findings suggest that increases in CVD risk among cigarette smokers is caused primarily by tobacco constituents other than nicotine and that switching to ST is likely associated with lower CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Rezk-Hanna
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Umme Shefa Warda
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew C Stokes
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Li
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Macey
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Yeonsu Song
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ziyad Ben Taleb
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Mary-Lynn Brecht
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neal L Benowitz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Yin L, Dinasarapu AR, Borkar SA, Chang KF, De Paris K, Kim-Chang JJ, Sleasman JW, Goodenow MM. Anti-inflammatory effects of recreational marijuana in virally suppressed youth with HIV-1 are reversed by use of tobacco products in combination with marijuana. Retrovirology 2022; 19:10. [PMID: 35642061 PMCID: PMC9151353 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-022-00594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marijuana's putative anti-inflammatory properties may benefit HIV-associated comorbidities. How recreational marijuana use affects gene expression in peripheral blood cells (PBC) among youth with HIV-1 (YWH) is unknown. APPROACH YWH with defined substance use (n = 54) receiving similar antiretroviral therapy (ART) were assigned to one of four analysis groups: YWH with detectable plasma HIV-1 (> 50 RNA copies/ml) who did not use substances (H+V+S-), and YWH with undetectable plasma HIV-1 who did not use substances (H+V-S-), or used marijuana alone (H+V-S+[M]), or marijuana in combination with tobacco (H+V-S+[M/T]). Non-substance using youth without HIV infection (H-S-, n = 25) provided a reference group. PBC mRNA was profiled by Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) within outcome groups were identified by Significance Analysis of Microarrays and used for Hierarchical Clustering, Principal Component Analysis, and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis. RESULTS HIV-1 replication resulted in > 3000 DEG involving 27 perturbed pathways. Viral suppression reduced DEG to 313, normalized all 27 pathways, and down-regulated two additional pathways, while marijuana use among virally suppressed YWH resulted in 434 DEG and no perturbed pathways. Relative to H+V-S-, multiple DEG normalized in H+V-S+[M]. In contrast, H+V-S+[M/T] had 1140 DEG and 10 dysregulated pathways, including multiple proinflammatory genes and six pathways shared by H+V+S-. CONCLUSIONS YWH receiving ART display unique transcriptome bioprofiles based on viral replication and substance use. In the context of HIV suppression, marijuana use, alone or combined with tobacco, has opposing effects on inflammatory gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Molecular HIV Host Interaction Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 50 South Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | | | - Samiksha A Borkar
- Molecular HIV Host Interaction Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 50 South Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kai-Fen Chang
- Molecular HIV Host Interaction Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 50 South Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kristina De Paris
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julie J Kim-Chang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John W Sleasman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maureen M Goodenow
- Molecular HIV Host Interaction Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 50 South Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
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Immune cell-specific smoking-related expression characteristics are revealed by re-analysis of transcriptomes from the CEDAR cohort. Cent Eur J Immunol 2022; 47:246-259. [PMID: 36817262 PMCID: PMC9896985 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2022.120618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Smoking is known to affect whole-blood expression and methylation profiles. Although whole-genome methylation studies indicated that effects observed in blood may be driven by changes within leukocyte subtypes, these phenomena have not been explored using expression profiling. Material and methods This study reanalyzed data from the Correlated Expression and Disease Association Research (CEDAR) patient cohort recruited by Momozawa et al. (E-MTAB-6667). Data from gene expression profiling of immunomagnetically sorted CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD15+, and CD19+ cells were processed. Differential expression analyses were conducted in each immune cell type, followed by gene ontology analysis and supplementary investigations. Results Ninety-four differentially expressed genes were found (CD8+ n = 58, CD14+ n = 20, CD4+ n = 14, CD19+ n = 2). Two key smoking-related genes were overexpressed in specific cell types: LRRN3 (CD4+, CD8+) and MMP25 (CD8+, CD14+). In CD4+ cells smoking was associated with reduced expression of the NK cell receptor KLRB1, suggesting CD4+ subpopulation shifts and differences in interferon signaling (reduced IRF1 and IL18RAP in smokers). Key results and their integration with an immune protein-protein interaction network revealed that smoking influences integrins in CD8+ cells (ITGB7, ITGAL, ITGAM, ITGB2). C-type lectin CLEC4A was reduced in CD8+ cells and CLEC10A was increased in CD14+ cells from smokers; moreover, CLEC5A (CD8+), CLEC7A (CD8+) and CLEC9A (CD19+) were related to smoking in supplementary analyses. CD14+ cells from smokers exhibited overexpression of LDLR and the formyl peptide receptor FPR3. Conclusions Smoking specifically alters vital immune regulation genes in lymphocyte subtypes, especially CD4+, CD8+ and CD14+ cells.
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Reddy KD, Lan A, Boudewijn IM, Rathnayake SNH, Koppelman GH, Oliver BG, van den Berge M, Faiz A. Current-Smoking alters Gene Expression and DNA Methylation in the Nasal Epithelium of Asthmatics. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:366-377. [PMID: 33989148 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0553oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Current-smoking contributes to worsened asthma prognosis, more severe symptoms and limits the beneficial effects of corticosteroids. As the nasal epithelium can reflect smoking-induced changes in the lower airways, it is a relevant source to investigate changes in gene expression and DNA methylation. This study explores gene expression and DNA methylation changes in current and ex-smokers with asthma. Matched gene expression and epigenome-wide DNA methylation samples collected from nasal brushings of 55 patients enrolled in a clinical trial investigation of current and ex-smoker asthma patients were analysed. Differential gene expression and DNA methylation analyses were conducted comparing current- vs ex-smokers. Expression quantitative trait methylation (eQTM) analysis was completed to explore smoking relevant genes by CpG sites that differ between current and ex-smokers. To investigate the relevance of the smoking-associated DNA methylation changes for the lower airways, significant CpG sites were explored in bronchial biopsies from patients who had stopped smoking. 809 genes and 18,814 CpG sites were differentially associated with current-smoking in the nose. The cis-eQTM analysis uncovered 171 CpG sites whose methylation status associated with smoking-related gene expression, including AHRR, ALDH3A1, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. Methylation status of CpG sites altered by current-smoking reversed with one-year smoking cessation. We confirm current-smoking alters epigenetic patterns and affects gene expression in the nasal epithelium of asthma patients, which is partially reversible in bronhcial biopsies after smoking cessation. We demonstrate the ability to discern molecular changes in the nasal epithelium, presenting this as a tool in future investigations into disease-relevant effects of tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karosham D Reddy
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, 104349, Cell Biology, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Technology Sydney, 1994, School of Life Sciences, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Andy Lan
- University of Groningen, 3647, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen, 3647, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ilse M Boudewijn
- University of Groningen, 3647, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen, 3647, GRIAC Research Insitute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Senani N H Rathnayake
- University of Technology Sydney, 1994, Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology (RBMB) group,, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- University of Groningen, 3647, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergy, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen, 3647, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC research institute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, 104349, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Technology Sydney, 1994, School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, 3647, University Medical Center, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, Netherlands.,University Medical Center Göttingen, 84922, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Gottingen, Germany
| | - Alen Faiz
- University of Technology Sydney, 1994, Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology (RBMB), School of Life Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Silva CP, Kamens HM. Cigarette smoke-induced alterations in blood: A review of research on DNA methylation and gene expression. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2021; 29:116-135. [PMID: 32658533 PMCID: PMC7854868 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, smoking remains a threat to public health, causing preventable diseases and premature mortality. Cigarette smoke is a powerful inducer of DNA methylation and gene expression alterations, which have been associated with negative health consequences. Here, we review the current knowledge on smoking-related changes in DNA methylation and gene expression in human blood samples. We identified 30 studies focused on the association between active smoking, DNA methylation modifications, and gene expression alterations. Overall, we identified 1,758 genes with differentially methylated sites (DMS) and differentially expressed genes (DEG) between smokers and nonsmokers, of which 261 were detected in multiple studies (≥4). The most frequently (≥10 studies) reported genes were AHRR, GPR15, GFI1, and RARA. Functional enrichment analysis of the 261 genes identified the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor and T cell pathways (T helpers 1 and 2) as influenced by smoking status. These results highlight specific genes for future mechanistic and translational research that may be associated with cigarette smoke exposure and smoking-related diseases. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza P. Silva
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States of America
| | - Helen M. Kamens
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States of America.,Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Helen M. Kamens, 228 Biobehavioral Health Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; ; Phone number: 814-865-1269; Fax number: 814-863-7525
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Gene expression in blood reflects smoking exposure among cancer-free women in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) postgenome cohort. Sci Rep 2021; 11:680. [PMID: 33436844 PMCID: PMC7803754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Active smoking has been linked to modulated gene expression in blood. However, there is a need for a more thorough understanding of how quantitative measures of smoking exposure relate to differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in whole-blood among ever smokers. This study analysed microarray-based gene expression profiles from whole-blood samples according to smoking status and quantitative measures of smoking exposure among cancer-free women (n = 1708) in the Norwegian Women and Cancer postgenome cohort. When compared with never smokers and former smokers, current smokers had 911 and 1082 DEGs, respectively and their biological functions could indicate systemic impacts of smoking. LRRN3 was associated with smoking status with the lowest FDR-adjusted p-value. When never smokers and all former smokers were compared, no DEGs were observed, but LRRN3 was differentially expressed when never smokers were compared with former smokers who quit smoking ≤ 10 years ago. Further, LRRN3 was positively associated with smoking intensity, pack-years, and comprehensive smoking index score among current smokers; and negatively associated with time since cessation among former smokers. Consequently, LRRN3 expression in whole-blood is a molecular signal of smoking exposure that could supplant self-reported smoking data in further research targeting blood-based markers related to the health effects of smoking.
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Benowitz NL, St Helen G, Nardone N, Addo N, Zhang JJ, Harvanko AM, Calfee CS, Jacob P. Twenty-Four-Hour Cardiovascular Effects of Electronic Cigarettes Compared With Cigarette Smoking in Dual Users. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017317. [PMID: 33208019 PMCID: PMC7763797 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular safety is an important consideration regarding the benefits versus risks of electronic cigarette use (EC) for public health. The single‐use cardiovascular effects of EC have been well studied but may not reflect effects of ad libitum use throughout the day. We aimed to compare the circadian hemodynamic effects as well as 24‐hour biomarkers of oxidative stress, and platelet aggregation and inflammation, with ad libitum cigarette smoking (CS) versus EC versus no tobacco product use. Methods and Results Thirty‐six healthy dual CS and EC users participated in a crossover study in a confined research setting. Circadian heart rate, blood pressure and plasma nicotine levels, 24‐hour urinary catecholamines, 8‐isoprostane and 11‐dehydro‐thromboxane B2, and plasma interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐8 were compared in CS, EC, and no nicotine conditions. Over 24 hours, and during daytime, heart rate and blood pressure were higher in CS and EC compared with no tobacco product conditions (P<0.01). Heart rate on average was higher with CS versus EC. Urinary catecholamines, 8‐isoprostane, and 11‐dehydro‐thromboxane B2 were not significantly different, but plasma IL‐6 and IL‐8 were higher with both CS and EC compared with no tobacco product (P<0.01). Conclusions CS and EC had similar 24‐hour patterns of hemodynamic effects compared with no tobacco product, with a higher average heart rate with CS versus EC, and similar effects on biomarkers of inflammation. EC may pose some cardiovascular risk, particularly to smokers with underlying cardiovascular disease, but may also provide a harm reduction opportunity for smokers willing to switch entirely to EC. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique Identifier: NCT02470754.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal L Benowitz
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Program Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA.,Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education University of California San Francisco CA.,Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science University of California San Francisco CA
| | - Gideon St Helen
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Program Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA.,Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education University of California San Francisco CA.,Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science University of California San Francisco CA
| | - Natalie Nardone
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Program Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA
| | - Newton Addo
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Program Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Global Health Institute & Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham NC.,Duke Cancer Institute Duke University Durham NC
| | - Arit M Harvanko
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Program Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA.,Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education University of California San Francisco CA.,Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science University of California San Francisco CA
| | - Carolyn S Calfee
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Allergy and Sleep Medicine Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA.,Department of Anaesthesia University of California San Francisco CA
| | - Peyton Jacob
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Program Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA.,Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education University of California San Francisco CA.,Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science University of California San Francisco CA.,Department of Psychiatry University of California San Francisco CA
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11
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Differences in biomarkers of inflammation and immune responses in chronic smokers and moist snuff users. Cytokine 2020; 137:155299. [PMID: 33011400 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for cancer and other diseases. While smoking induces chronic inflammation and aberrant immune responses, the effects of smokeless tobacco products (STPs) on immune responses is less clear. Here we evaluated markers related to immune regulation in smokers (SMK), moist snuff consumers (MSC) and non-tobacco consumers (NTC) to better understand the effects of chronic tobacco use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Several markers associated with immune regulation were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SMK (n = 40), MSC (n = 40), and NTC (n = 40) by flow cytometry. RESULTS Relative to NTC, seven markers were significantly suppressed in SMK, whereas in MSC, only one marker was significantly suppressed. In a logistic regression model, markers including granzyme B+ lymphocytes, perforin+ lymphocytes, granzyme B+ CD8+T cells, and KLRB1+ CD8+ T cells remained as statistically significant predictors for classifying the three cohorts. Further, cell-surface receptor signaling pathways and cell-cell signaling processes were downregulated in SMK relative to MSC; chemotaxis and LPS-mediated signaling pathways, were upregulated in SMK compared to MSC. A network of the tested markers was constructed to visualize the immunosuppression in SMK relative to MSC. CONCLUSION Moist snuff consumption is associated with significantly fewer perturbations in inflammation and immune function biomarkers relative to smoking. IMPACT This work identifies several key immunological biomarkers that differentiate the effects of chronic smoking from the use of moist snuff. Additionally, a molecular basis for aberrant immune responses that could render smokers more susceptible for infections and cancer is provided.
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12
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Juarez PD, Hood DB, Song MA, Ramesh A. Use of an Exposome Approach to Understand the Effects of Exposures From the Natural, Built, and Social Environments on Cardio-Vascular Disease Onset, Progression, and Outcomes. Front Public Health 2020; 8:379. [PMID: 32903514 PMCID: PMC7437454 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes, and hypertension have increased by epidemic proportions in recent years among African Americans in comparison to Whites resulting in significant adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) disparities. Today, African Americans are 30% more likely to die of heart disease than Whites and twice as likely to have a stroke. The causes of these disparities are not yet well-understood. Improved methods for identifying underlying risk factors is a critical first step toward reducing Black:White CVD disparities. This article will focus on environmental exposures in the external environment and how they can lead to changes at the cellular, molecular, and organ level to increase the personal risk for CVD and lead to population level CVD racial disparities. The external environment is defined in three broad domains: natural (air, water, land), built (places you live, work, and play) and social (social, demographic, economic, and political). We will describe how environmental exposures in the natural, built, and social environments "get under the skin" to affect gene expression though epigenetic, pan-omics, and related mechanisms that lead to increased risk for adverse CVD health outcomes and population level disparities. We also will examine the important role of metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, genomics, and epigenomics in understanding how exposures in the natural, built, and social environments lead to CVD disparities with implications for clinical, public health, and policy interventions. In this review, we apply an exposome approach to Black:White CVD racial disparities. The exposome is a measure of all the exposures of an individual across the life course and the relationship of those exposures to health effects. The exposome represents the totality of exogenous (external) and endogenous (internal) exposures from conception onwards, simultaneously distinguishing, characterizing, and quantifying etiologic, mediating, moderating, and co-occurring risk and protective factors and their relationship to disease. Specifically, it assesses the biological mechanisms and underlying pathways through which chemical and non-chemical environmental exposures are associated with CVD onset, progression and outcomes. The exposome is a promising approach for understanding the complex relationships among environment, behavior, biology, genetics, and disease phenotypes that underlie population level, Black: White CVD disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Juarez
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Darryl B Hood
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Min-Ae Song
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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13
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Zalewski DP, Ruszel KP, Stępniewski A, Gałkowski D, Bogucki J, Komsta Ł, Kołodziej P, Chmiel P, Zubilewicz T, Feldo M, Kocki J, Bogucka-Kocka A. Dysregulation of microRNA Modulatory Network in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061974. [PMID: 32599769 PMCID: PMC7355415 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal artery aneurysm (AAA) refers to abdominal aortic dilatation of 3 cm or greater. AAA is frequently underdiagnosed due to often asymptomatic character of the disease, leading to elevated mortality due to aneurysm rupture. MiRNA constitute a pool of small RNAs controlling gene expression and is involved in many pathologic conditions in human. Targeted panel detecting altered expression of miRNA and genes involved in AAA would improve early diagnosis of this disease. In the presented study, we selected and analyzed miRNA and gene expression signatures in AAA patients. Next, generation sequencing was applied to obtain miRNA and gene-wide expression profiles from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in individuals with AAA and healthy controls. Differential expression analysis was performed using DESeq2 and uninformative variable elimination by partial least squares (UVE-PLS) methods. A total of 31 miRNAs and 51 genes were selected as the most promising biomarkers of AAA. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis showed good diagnostic ability of proposed biomarkers. Genes regulated by selected miRNAs were determined in silico and associated with functional terms closely related to cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Proposed biomarkers may be used for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in management of AAA. The findings will also contribute to the pool of knowledge about miRNA-dependent regulatory mechanisms involved in pathology of that disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Zalewski
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (D.P.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Karol P. Ruszel
- Chair of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (K.P.R.); (J.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Andrzej Stępniewski
- Ecotech Complex Analytical and Programme Centre for Advanced Environmentally Friendly Technologies, University of Marie Curie-Skłodowska, 39 Głęboka St., 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Gałkowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, One Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, USA;
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Chair of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (K.P.R.); (J.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Łukasz Komsta
- Chair and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4 Jaczewskiego St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Kołodziej
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Parasitology, Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paulina Chmiel
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (D.P.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Tomasz Zubilewicz
- Chair and Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (T.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Chair and Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (T.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Chair of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (K.P.R.); (J.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (D.P.Z.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-7232
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14
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Hohmann E. Editorial Commentary: Bad For Your Cuff. Smoking Causes Alterations in Gene Expression Resulting in Inflammation, Fatty Degeneration, and Fibrosis. Or Maybe Not? Arthroscopy 2019; 35:3192-3193. [PMID: 31785744 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression is the transcription from DNA to RNA and then translation into proteins or other mediators. Smoking causes alterations in gene expression and can result in inflammatory changes, fatty degeneration, and fibrosis in patients with rotator cuff disease. Whether the smoking-related upregulation of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein is one of the responsible factors for rotator cuff tears and also influences healing after surgery is currently not known. The current evidence is inconclusive and controversial.
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15
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Lorenz DR, Misra V, Gabuzda D. Transcriptomic analysis of monocytes from HIV-positive men on antiretroviral therapy reveals effects of tobacco smoking on interferon and stress response systems associated with depressive symptoms. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:59. [PMID: 31779701 PMCID: PMC6883692 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco smoking induces immunomodulatory and pro-inflammatory effects associated with transcriptome changes in monocytes and other immune cell types. While smoking is prevalent in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals, few studies have investigated its effects on gene expression in this population. Here, we report whole-transcriptome analyses of 125 peripheral blood monocyte samples from ART-treated HIV+ and uninfected (HIV−) men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) (n = 25 HIV+ smokers, n = 60 HIV+ non-smokers, n = 40 HIV− non-smoking controls). Gene expression profiling was performed using Illumina HumanHT-12 Expression BeadChip microarrays. Differential expression analysis was performed with weighted linear regression models using the R limma package, followed by functional enrichment and Ingenuity Pathway analyses. Results A total of 286 genes were differentially expressed in monocytes from HIV+ smokers compared with HIV− non-smokers; upregulated genes (n = 180) were enriched for immune and interferon response, chemical/stress response, mitochondria, and extracellular vesicle gene ontology (GO) terms. Expression of genes related to immune/interferon responses (AIM2, FCGR1A-B, IFI16, SP100), stress/chemical responses (APAF1, HSPD1, KLF4), and mitochondrial function (CISD1, MTHFD2, SQOR) was upregulated in HIV+ non-smokers and further increased in HIV+ smokers. Gene expression changes associated with smoking in previous studies of human monocytes were also observed (SASH1, STAB1, PID1, MMP25). Depressive symptoms (CES-D scores ≥ 16) were more prevalent in HIV+ tobacco smokers compared with HIV+ and HIV− non-smokers (50% vs. 26% and 13%, respectively; p = 0.007), and upregulation of immune/interferon response genes, including IFI35, IFNAR1, OAS1-2, STAT1, and SP100, was associated with depressive symptoms in logistic regression models adjusted for HIV status and smoking (p < 0.05). Network models linked the Stat1-mediated interferon pathway to transcriptional regulator Klf4 and smoking-associated toll-like receptor scaffolding protein Sash1, suggesting inter-relationships between smoking-associated genes, control of monocyte differentiation, and interferon-mediated inflammatory responses. Conclusions This study characterizes immune, interferon, stress response, and mitochondrial-associated gene expression changes in monocytes from HIV+ tobacco smokers, and identifies augmented interferon and stress responses associated with depressive symptoms. These findings help to explain complex interrelationships between pro-inflammatory effects of HIV and smoking, and their combined impact on comorbidities prevalent in HIV+ individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Lorenz
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Life Science 1010, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Vikas Misra
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Life Science 1010, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Dana Gabuzda
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Life Science 1010, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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16
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Gene expression microarray public dataset reanalysis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224750. [PMID: 31730674 PMCID: PMC6857915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was classified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2014 as the 3rd leading cause of death in the United States (US). The main cause of COPD is exposure to tobacco smoke and air pollutants. Problems associated with COPD include under-diagnosis of the disease and an increase in the number of smokers worldwide. The goal of our study is to identify disease variability in the gene expression profiles of COPD subjects compared to controls, by reanalyzing pre-existing, publicly available microarray expression datasets. Our inclusion criteria for microarray datasets selected for smoking status, age and sex of blood donors reported. Our datasets used Affymetrix, Agilent microarray platforms (7 datasets, 1,262 samples). We re-analyzed the curated raw microarray expression data using R packages, and used Box-Cox power transformations to normalize datasets. To identify significant differentially expressed genes we used generalized least squares models with disease state, age, sex, smoking status and study as effects that also included binary interactions, followed by likelihood ratio tests (LRT). We found 3,315 statistically significant (Storey-adjusted q-value <0.05) differentially expressed genes with respect to disease state (COPD or control). We further filtered these genes for biological effect using results from LRT q-value <0.05 and model estimates’ 10% two-tailed quantiles of mean differences between COPD and control), to identify 679 genes. Through analysis of disease, sex, age, and also smoking status and disease interactions we identified differentially expressed genes involved in a variety of immune responses and cell processes in COPD. We also trained a logistic regression model using the common array genes as features, which enabled prediction of disease status with 81.7% accuracy. Our results give potential for improving the diagnosis of COPD through blood and highlight novel gene expression disease signatures.
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17
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Liu G, Lee DP, Schmidt E, Prasad GL. Pathway Analysis of Global Metabolomic Profiles Identified Enrichment of Caffeine, Energy, and Arginine Metabolism in Smokers but Not Moist Snuff Consumers. Bioinform Biol Insights 2019; 13:1177932219882961. [PMID: 31666793 PMCID: PMC6798164 DOI: 10.1177/1177932219882961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing US epidemiological data demonstrate that consumption of smokeless
tobacco, particularly moist snuff, is less harmful than cigarette smoking.
However, the molecular and biochemical changes due to moist snuff consumption
relative to smoking remain incompletely understood. We previously reported that
smokers (SMK) exhibit elevated oxidative stress and inflammation relative to
moist snuff consumers (MSC) and non-tobacco consumers (NTC), based on
metabolomic profiling data of saliva, plasma, and urine from MSC, SMK, and NTC.
In this study, we investigated the effects of tobacco consumption on additional
metabolic pathways using pathway-based analysis tools. To this end, metabolic
pathway enrichment analysis and topology analysis were performed through
pair-wise comparisons of global metabolomic profiles of SMK, MSC, and NTC. The
analyses identified >8 significantly perturbed metabolic pathways in SMK
compared with NTC and MSC in all 3 matrices. Among these differentially enriched
pathways, perturbations of caffeine metabolism, energy metabolism, and arginine
metabolism were mostly observed. In comparison, fewer enriched metabolic
pathways were identified in MSC compared with NTC (5 in plasma, none in urine
and saliva). This is consistent with our transcriptomics profiling results that
show no significant differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene
expression between MSC and NTC. These findings, taken together with our previous
biochemical, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analysis results, provide a better
understanding of the relative changes in healthy tobacco consumers, and
demonstrate that chronic cigarette smoking, relative to the use of smokeless
tobacco, results in more pronounced biological changes, which could culminate in
smoking-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | - G L Prasad
- RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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18
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Cigarette smoke preparations, not moist snuff, impair expression of genes involved in immune signaling and cytolytic functions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13390. [PMID: 31527707 PMCID: PMC6746724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48822-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke-induced chronic inflammation is associated with compromised immune responses. To understand how tobacco products impact immune responses, we assessed transcriptomic profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) pretreated with Whole Smoke-Conditioned Medium (WS-CM) or Smokeless Tobacco Extracts (STE), and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, phorbol myristate and ionomycin (agonists). Gene expression profiles from PBMCs treated with low equi-nicotine units (0.3 μg/mL) of WS-CM and one high dose of STE (100 μg/mL) were similar to those from untreated controls. Cells treated with medium and high doses of WS-CM (1.0 and 3.0 μg/mL) exhibited significantly different gene expression profiles compared to the low WS-CM dose and STE. Pre-treatment with higher doses of WS-CM inhibited the expression of several pro-inflammatory genes (IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-2), while CSF1-R and IL17RA were upregulated. Pre-treatment with high doses of WS-CM abolished agonist-stimulated secretion of IFNγ, TNF and IL-2 proteins. Pathway analyses revealed that higher doses of WS-CM inhibited NF-ĸB signaling, immune cell differentiation and inflammatory responses, and increased apoptotic pathways. Our results show that pre-treatment of PBMCs with higher doses of WS-CM inhibits immune activation and effector cytokine expression and secretion, resulting in a reduced immune response, whereas STE exerted minimal effects.
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Khowal S, Wajid S. Role of Smoking-Mediated molecular events in the genesis of oral cancers. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:665-685. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1646372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Khowal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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20
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Arimilli S, Makena P, Liu G, Prasad GL. Distinct gene expression changes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with different tobacco product preparations. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 57:117-125. [PMID: 30776502 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking exerts diverse physiological effects including immune suppression. To better characterize the biological effects of different categories of tobacco products, a genome-wide gene expression study was performed. Transcriptomic profiling was performed in PBMCs treated with different equi-nicotine units of aqueous extracts of cigarette smoke (termed Whole Smoke-Conditioned Medium, or WS-CM), or a single dose smokeless tobacco extract (STE) prepared from reference tobacco products. WS-CM induced dose-dependent changes in the expression of several genes. No significant expression differences between low WS-CM and media control were detected. However, transcripts were significantly affected by medium WS-CM (479), high WS-CM (2, 703), and STE (2, 156). The overlap between medium WS-CM and STE, and high WS-CM and STE, was minimal (34 and 65 transcripts, respectively). Hierarchical clustering revealed that gene expression profiles for STE and medium WS-CM co-clustered, while those affected by the high dose of WS-CM clustered distinctly. Functional analysis revealed that WS-CM, but not STE, uniquely affected genes involved in immune cell development and inflammatory response. Cascades of upstream regulators (e.g., TNF, IL1β, NFƙB) were identified for the observed gene expression changes and generally suppressed by WS-CM, but not by STE. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that combustible and non-combustible tobacco products elicit distinct biological effects, which could explain the observed chronic immune suppression in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrudu Makena
- RAI Services Company, 401 North Main Street, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- RAI Services Company, 401 North Main Street, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - G L Prasad
- RAI Services Company, 401 North Main Street, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA.
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21
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Menezes IC, von Werne Baes C, Lacchini R, Juruena MF. Genetic biomarkers for differential diagnosis of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: A systematic and critical review. Behav Brain Res 2019; 357-358:29-38. [PMID: 29331712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are present in the depressive mood state of bipolar disorder (BPD) and major depression disorder (MDD). Often, in clinical practice, BPD patients are misdiagnosed with MDD. Therefore, genetic biomarkers could contribute to the improvement of differential diagnosis between BPD and MDD. This systematic and critical review aimed to find in literature reliable genetic biomarkers that may show differences between BPD and MDD. This systematic review followed the PRISMA-P method. The terms used to search PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were depress*, bipolar, diagnos*, genetic*, biomark*. After applying the selection criteria, N = 27 studies were selected, being n = 9 about biomarkers for BPD; n = 15, about MDD; and n = 3 for distinguishing MDD from BPD. A total of N = 3086 subjects were assessed in the selected studies (n = 486 in BPD group; n = 1212 in MDD group; and n = 1388, healthy control group). The articles were dated up to June 2017. Of the N = 27 studies, n = 16 assessed gene, n = 1 miRNA, n = 2 lcnRNA and n = 3 protein expressions, n = 4 methylation, and n = 4 polymorphisms. Some studies applied more than one of these genetic analyses. To find reliable genetic biomarkers we have taken into account the methodological care during the studies development and their validity. The genetic biomarkers selected are related to genes that play a fundamental role in synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, mood control, brain ageing, immune-inflammatory processes and mitochondrial respiratory chain. BDNF gene expression was one of the genetic biomarkers that highlighted because of its capacity of distinguishing BPD and MDD groups, and being adequately reproduced by more than one selected study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itiana Castro Menezes
- Stress and Affective Disorders (SAD) Programme, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane von Werne Baes
- Stress and Affective Disorders (SAD) Programme, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Departament of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Francisco Juruena
- Stress and Affective Disorders (SAD) Programme, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Centre for Affective Disorders, Psychological Medicine, King's College London, UK.
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Effects of cigarette smoke on immunity, neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 329:24-34. [PMID: 30361070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the most prominent significant cause of death and morbidity. It is recognised as a risk factor for a number of immune mediated, inflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we review the complex immunological effects of smoking on the immune system, which include enhancement of inflammatory responses with a parallel reduction of some immune defences, resulting in an increased susceptibility to infection and a persistent proinflammatory environment. We discuss the effect of smoking on the susceptibility, clinical course, disability, and mortality in MS, the likely benefits of smoking cessation, and the specific immunological effects of smoking in MS. In conclusion, smoking is an important environmental risk factor for MS occurrence and outcome, and it acts in significant part through immunological mechanisms.
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Jessen WJ, Borgerding MF, Prasad GL. Global methylation profiles in buccal cells of long-term smokers and moist snuff consumers. Biomarkers 2018; 23:625-639. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1466367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter J. Jessen
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Burlington, NC, USA
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Sgambato JA, Jones BA, Caraway JW, Prasad G. Inflammatory profile analysis reveals differences in cytokine expression between smokers, moist snuff users, and dual users compared to non-tobacco consumers. Cytokine 2018; 107:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Rajagopalan P, Patel K, Jain AP, Nanjappa V, Datta KK, Subbannayya T, Mangalaparthi KK, Kumari A, Manoharan M, Coral K, Murugan S, Nair B, Prasad TSK, Mathur PP, Gupta R, Gupta R, Khanna-Gupta A, Califano J, Sidransky D, Gowda H, Chatterjee A. Molecular alterations associated with chronic exposure to cigarette smoke and chewing tobacco in normal oral keratinocytes. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:773-785. [PMID: 29723088 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1470724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco usage is a known risk factor associated with development of oral cancer. It is mainly consumed in two different forms (smoking and chewing) that vary in their composition and methods of intake. Despite being the leading cause of oral cancer, molecular alterations induced by tobacco are poorly understood. We therefore sought to investigate the adverse effects of cigarette smoke/chewing tobacco exposure in oral keratinocytes (OKF6/TERT1). OKF6/TERT1 cells acquired oncogenic phenotype after treating with cigarette smoke/chewing tobacco for a period of 8 months. We employed whole exome sequencing (WES) and quantitative proteomics to investigate the molecular alterations in oral keratinocytes chronically exposed to smoke/ chewing tobacco. Exome sequencing revealed distinct mutational spectrum and copy number alterations in smoke/ chewing tobacco treated cells. We also observed differences in proteomic alterations. Proteins downstream of MAPK1 and EGFR were dysregulated in smoke and chewing tobacco exposed cells, respectively. This study can serve as a reference for fundamental damages on oral cells as a consequence of exposure to different forms of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Rajagopalan
- a Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park , Bangalor , India.,b School of Biotechnology , Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology , Bhubaneswar , India
| | - Krishna Patel
- a Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park , Bangalor , India.,c School of Biotechnology , Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Kollam , India
| | - Ankit P Jain
- a Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park , Bangalor , India.,b School of Biotechnology , Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology , Bhubaneswar , India
| | | | - Keshava K Datta
- a Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park , Bangalor , India
| | | | - Kiran K Mangalaparthi
- a Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park , Bangalor , India.,c School of Biotechnology , Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Kollam , India
| | | | | | | | | | - Bipin Nair
- c School of Biotechnology , Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Kollam , India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- a Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park , Bangalor , India.,e NIMHANS-IOB Bioinformatics and Proteomics Laboratory , Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences , Bangalore , India.,f Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine , Yenepoya , Mangalore , India
| | - Premendu P Mathur
- b School of Biotechnology , Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology , Bhubaneswar , India.,g Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology , School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University , Pondicherry , India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- d Medgenome Labs Pvt. Ltd. , Bangalore , India
| | - Rohit Gupta
- d Medgenome Labs Pvt. Ltd. , Bangalore , India
| | | | - Joseph Califano
- h Department of Surgery , UC San Diego, Moores Cancer Center , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - David Sidransky
- i Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Harsha Gowda
- a Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park , Bangalor , India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- a Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park , Bangalor , India
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Kopa PN, Pawliczak R. Effect of smoking on gene expression profile – overall mechanism, impact on respiratory system function, and reference to electronic cigarettes. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 28:397-409. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1461289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Natalia Kopa
- Department of Immunopathology, Division of Allergology, Immunology and Dermatology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Division of Allergology, Immunology and Dermatology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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