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Sekgobela JM, Khabo-Mmekoa CM, Momba MNB. Tracking enteric pathogen contamination from on-site sanitation facilities to groundwater in selected rural areas of Vhembe District Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27271. [PMID: 38486784 PMCID: PMC10937690 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Groundwater is valued as a source of potable water, although it is vulnerable to environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to track enteric pathogen contamination from on-site sanitation (OSS) facilities to 70 household boreholes used by four villages of the Vhembe District Municipality. Two objectives were pursued: to measure the lateral distance between the borehole and the sanitation facilities in household yards, and to track the enteric pathogens. The borehole abstraction point and OSS system distance were determined using a steel measuring tape. Real-time PCR was used to track Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni, and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) from Wastewater (WW) from domestic septic tank and sludge from pit latrines to boreholes. Escherichia coli was used as an indicator of faecal contamination. Results showed that 25% of households kept a distance of ≥50 m between the OSS facilities and the boreholes. In total, 87.5% of household boreholes in the rainy season and 72.5% in the dry season were contaminated with E. coli and pathogenic bacteria: Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhimurium, and ETEC. The concentrations of the pathogens ranged from 2.03 to 2.12 LogEGC/100 mL. A very weak (r = -0.093) to moderate (r = -0.541) association was found between pathogens in groundwater and on-site sanitation systems (WW from septic tank and sludge from pit latrine). This suggests that the pathogens were not present in the sanitation compartment when they were found in the groundwater and vice versa. Moreover, a very weak (r = 0.007) to moderate (r = 0.525) association was found between the detected contaminants in groundwater and the lateral distance between the OSS facilities and the boreholes. The pathogens detected in all samples showed consistent concentrations, suggesting potential contamination from OSS systems' waste, possibly in groundwater, indicating potential contamination. The siting of OSS facilities at the yards in this study appeared to have a slight influence on the contaminants detected in groundwater. This study calls for an education program to be implemented by the Water and Sanitation Services Authorities to prevent contamination of groundwater and the risk of waterborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeridah Matlhokha Sekgobela
- Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Arcadia Campus, P/B X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Colette Mmapenya Khabo-Mmekoa
- Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arcadia Campus, P/B X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Maggy Ndombo Benteke Momba
- Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Arcadia Campus, P/B X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Hernández-Cabanyero C, Vonaesch P. Ectopic colonization by oral bacteria as an emerging theme in health and disease. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae012. [PMID: 38650052 PMCID: PMC11065354 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of research papers published on the involvement of the oral microbiota in systemic diseases has grown exponentially over the last 4 years clearly demonstrating the growing interest in this field. Indeed, accumulating evidence highlights the central role of ectopic colonization by oral bacteria in numerous noncommunicable diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), undernutrition, preterm birth, neurological diseases, liver diseases, lung diseases, heart diseases, or colonic cancer. There is thus much interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms that lead to the colonization and maintenance of ectopic oral bacteria. The aim of this review is to summarize and conceptualize the current knowledge about ectopic colonization by oral bacteria, highlight wherever possible the underlying molecular mechanisms and describe its implication in health and disease. The focus lies on the newly discovered molecular mechanisms, showcasing shared pathophysiological mechanisms across different body sites and syndromes and highlighting open questions in the field regarding the pathway from oral microbiota dysbiosis to noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Hernández-Cabanyero
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, UNIL-Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Vonaesch
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, UNIL-Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Fauzi A, Kifli N, Noor MHM, Hamzah H, Azlan A. Hematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluation of the Morus alba L. leaf extract from Brunei Darussalam: Acute toxicity study in ICR mice. Open Vet J 2024; 14:750-758. [PMID: 38682142 PMCID: PMC11052622 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have reported that the phytochemical content of Mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) is influenced by the area where it grows. On the other hand, the study of the bioactivity and toxicity of mulberry leaves from Brunei Darussalam still needs to be completed. In particular, the investigation regarding the safe dose for Mulberry's application from Brunei Darussalam has yet to be studied. Hence, toxicity information must be considered even though the community has used it for generations. Aim This study investigated Morus alba ethanolic leaf extract (MAE) to observe the acute toxicity in mice. Methods In particular, this study utilized 12 female Institute of Cancer Research mice, 8 weeks old, divided into 2 groups: the control group and the MAE group (2,000 mg/kg single dose). Physiology, hematology, biochemistry, and histology were analyzed during the study. Results The examination result indicated no mortality and behavioral changes throughout the testing period. However, the mice developed mild anemia and leukopenia, followed by decreased numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. In addition, the mice developed a mild hepatocellular injury, indicated by significant (p < 0.05) elevations of both alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). The histopathological findings of the liver were also consistent with the increment of ALT and AST, indicating mild hepatocellular necrosis through the eosinophilic cytoplasm and pyknosis (p > 0.05). Conclusion It was evident that a single oral administration of MAE was not lethal for mice (LD50, which was higher than 2,000 mg/kg). However, the administration of high doses of MAE must be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Fauzi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nurolaini Kifli
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Mohd. Hezmee Mohd. Noor
- Department of Veterinary Pre-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hazilawati Hamzah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Azrina Azlan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Banar M, Rokaya D, Azizian R, Khurshid Z, Banakar M. Oral bacteriophages: metagenomic clues to interpret microbiomes. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16947. [PMID: 38406289 PMCID: PMC10885796 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that are distributed throughout the environment. Lytic phages and prophages in saliva, oral mucosa, and dental plaque interact with the oral microbiota and can change biofilm formation. The interactions between phages and bacteria can be considered a portion of oral metagenomics. The metagenomic profile of the oral microbiome indicates various bacteria. Indeed, there are various phages against these bacteria in the oral cavity. However, some other phages, like phages against Absconditabacteria, Chlamydiae, or Chloroflexi, have not been identified in the oral cavity. This review gives an overview of oral bacteriophage and used for metagenomics. Metagenomics of these phages deals with multi-drug-resistant bacterial plaques (biofilms) in oral cavities and oral infection. Hence, dentists and pharmacologists should know this metagenomic profile to cope with predental and dental infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Banar
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dinesh Rokaya
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Reza Azizian
- Biomedical Innovation and Start-up student association (Biomino), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center (PIDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Morteza Banakar
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shoaib M, Ali Y, Shen Y, Ni J. Identification of potential natural products derived from fungus growing termite, inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing protein LasR using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1126-1144. [PMID: 37096792 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2198607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most common opportunistic pathogen, is becoming antibiotic-resistant worldwide. The fate of P. aeruginosa, a multidrug-resistant strain, can be determined by multidrug efflux pumps, enzyme synthesis, outer membrane protein depletion, and target alterations. Microbial niches have long used quorum sensing (QS) to synchronize virulence gene expression. Computational methods can aid in the development of novel P. aeruginosa drug-resistant treatments. The tripartite symbiosis in termites that grow fungus may help special microbes find new antimicrobial drugs. To find anti-quorum sensing natural products that could be used as alternative therapies, a library of 376 fungal-growing termite-associated natural products (NPs) was screened for their physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and drug-likeness. Using GOLD, the top 74 NPs were docked to the QS transcriptional regulator LasR protein. The five lead NPs with the highest gold score and drug-like properties were chosen for a 200-ns molecular dynamics simulation to test the competitive activity of different compounds against negative catechin. Fridamycin and Daidzein had stable conformations, with mean RMSDs of 2.48 and 3.67 Å, respectively, which were similar to Catechin's 3.22 Å. Fridamycin and Daidzein had absolute binding energies of -71.186 and -52.013 kcal/mol, respectively, which were higher than the control's -42.75 kcal/mol. All the compounds within the active site of the LasR protein were kept intact by Trp54, Arg55, Asp67, and Ser123. These findings indicate that termite gut and fungus-associated NPs, specifically Fridamycin and Daidzein, are potent QS antagonists that can be used to treat P. aeruginosa's multidrug resistance.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
- Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad Campus, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Ali
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yulong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Ni
- Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad Campus, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Goicochea-Vargas J, Salvatierra-Alor M, Acosta-Pachorro F, Rondón-Jorge W, Herrera-Briceño A, Morales-Parra E, Mialhe E. Genomic characterization and probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from feces of guinea pig ( Cavia porcellus). Open Vet J 2024; 14:716-729. [PMID: 38549567 PMCID: PMC10970124 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Presently, there exists a growing interest in mitigating the utilization of antibiotics in response to the challenges emanating from their usage in livestock. A viable alternative strategy encompasses the introduction of live microorganisms recognized as probiotics, exerting advantageous impacts on the immune system and nutritional aspects of the host animals. Native lactic acid bacteria, inherently possessing specific properties and adaptive capabilities tailored to each animal, are deemed optimal contenders for probiotic advancement. Aim In the current investigation, microorganisms exhibiting probiotic potential were isolated, characterized, and identified from the fecal samples of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) belonging to the Peruvian breed. Methods The lactic acid bacteria isolated on Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar underwent Gram staining, catalase testing, proteolytic, amylolytic, and cellulolytic activity assays, low pH tolerance assessment, hemolytic evaluation, antagonism against Salmonella sp., determination of autoaggregation and coaggregation capacity, and genotypic characterization through sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results A total of 33 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the feces of 30 guinea pigs, also 10 isolates were selected based on Gram staining and catalase testing. All strains exhibited proteolytic activity, while only one demonstrated amylolytic capability, and none displayed cellulase activity. These bacteria showed higher tolerance to pH 5.0 and, to a lesser extent, to pH 4.0. Furthermore, they exhibited antagonistic activity against Salmonella sp. Only two bacteria demonstrated hemolytic activity, and were subsequently excluded from further evaluations. Subsequent assessments revealed autoaggregation capacities ranging from 4.55% to 23.19%, with a lesser degree of coaggregation with Salmonella sp. ranging from 3.53% to 8.94% for the remaining eight bacterial isolates. Based on these comprehensive tests, five bacteria with notable probiotic potential were identified by molecular assays as Leuconostoc citreum, Enterococcus gallinarum, Exiguobacterium sp., and Lactococcus lactis. Conclusion The identified bacteria stand out as promising probiotic candidates, deserving further assessment in Peruvian breed guinea pigs. This exploration aims to enhance production outcomes while mitigating the adverse effects induced by pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Goicochea-Vargas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizan, Huánuco, Peru
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Unidad Central de Laboratorios, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizan, Huánuco, Peru
| | - Max Salvatierra-Alor
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Unidad Central de Laboratorios, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizan, Huánuco, Peru
| | - Fidel Acosta-Pachorro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizan, Huánuco, Peru
| | - Wilson Rondón-Jorge
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizan, Huánuco, Peru
| | - Arnold Herrera-Briceño
- Centros de Producción Canchán y Kotosh, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizan, Huánuco, Peru
| | - Edson Morales-Parra
- Centro de Información y Educación para la Prevención del Abuso de Drogas—CEDRO, Lima, Peru
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Cheng W, Chen X, Zeng H, Xue X. Association between microbial community composition and quality indicators of strong-flavor Daqu of different producing regions in China. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2022.2162974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, China
- Technology Center of Enterprise, Jinzhongzi Distillery Co. Ltd, FuYang, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, China
- Office of Management, Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Product Processing Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Huawei Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Xijia Xue
- Technology Center of Enterprise, Jinzhongzi Distillery Co. Ltd, FuYang, China
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Febres-Molina C, Prat-Resina X, Jaña GA. Resveratrol glucosylation by GTF-SI from Streptococcus mutans: computational insights into a GH70 family enzyme. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9591-9602. [PMID: 38014516 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01529g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound known for its health benefits but limited by poor water solubility and low bioavailability, represents a valuable substrate for glucosylation by carbohydrate-active enzymes such as glucosyltransferase-SI (GTF-SI). Using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, this study reveals the atomic scale dynamics of resveratrol glucosylation by wild-type GTF-SI. This enzyme exhibited an energy barrier of 8.8 kcal mol-1 and an exothermic process, both consistent with experimental data of similar enzymes. We report a concerted and synchronous reaction mechanism for the catalytic step, characterized by an oxocarbenium ion-like transition state, and elucidate a conformational itinerary of the glucosyl moiety (4H3/E3) → [E3]‡ → 4C1, which aligns with the consistent patterns observed across enzymes of the GH13 and GH70 families. A key interaction was observed between Asp477 and the OH group on carbon 6 of the glucosyl moiety, together with a 2.0 kcal mol-1 transition state stabilization by three water molecules within the active site. Comparative insights with the previously studied Q345F SP enzyme system shed light on the unique and common features that govern transglucosylation reactions. Importantly, the calculated activation barriers strongly support the capability of GTF-SI to facilitate resveratrol glucosylation. This study advances our understanding of the transglucosylation reaction and opens up new ways for the glycodiversification of organic compounds such as polyphenols, thus expanding their potential applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Febres-Molina
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Xavier Prat-Resina
- Center for Learning Innovation, University of Minnesota Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55904, USA
| | - Gonzalo A Jaña
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Concepción, Chile.
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Liu HY, Li X, Wang ZG, Liu SL. Virus-mimicking nanosystems: from design to biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8481-8499. [PMID: 37929845 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00138e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine, as an interdisciplinary discipline involving the development and application of nanoscale materials and technologies, is rapidly developing under the impetus of bionanotechnology and has attracted a great deal of attention from researchers. Especially, with the global outbreak of COVID-19, the in-depth investigation of the infection mechanism of the viruses has made the study of virus-mimicking nanosystems (VMNs) a popular research topic. In this review, we initiate with a brief historical perspective on the emergence and development of VMNs for providing a comprehensive view of the field. Next, we present emerging design principles and functionalization strategies for fabricating VMNs in light of viral infection mechanisms. Then, we describe recent advances in VMNs in biology, with a major emphasis on representative examples. Finally, we summarize the opportunities and challenges that exist in this field, hoping to provide new insights and inspiration to develop VMNs for disease diagnosis and treatment and to attract the interest of more researchers from different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
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Rabee AE, Khalil MMH, Khadiga GA, Elmahdy A, Sabra EA, Zommara MA, Khattab IM. Response of rumen fermentation and microbiota to dietary supplementation of sodium selenite and bio-nanostructured selenium in lactating Barki sheep. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:247. [PMID: 38008716 PMCID: PMC10680236 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary selenium (Se) sources affects the structure of the rumen microbial community and rumen fermentation. This study evaluated the effects of sodium selenite (SS) and bio-nanostructured selenium (SeNSM) on rumen fermentation and structure of rumen microbial community of lactating Barki ewes. Twenty one lactating Barki ewes were assigned into three groups based on their body weight and milk yield. The experiment lasted for 50 days, whenever, the control group was fed basal diet; group SS received basal diets plus sodium selenite as inorganic source of Se; and group SeNSM received basal diet plus organic selenium bio-nanostructured. Ruminal pH and volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) was lower (P < 0.05) in SeNSM group compared to control. Principle Coordinate Analysis separated the microbial communities into three clusters based on feeding treatment. The bacterial community was dominated by phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes that were affected (P < 0.05) by Se sources. Specifically Bacteriodetes was higher (P < 0.05) in SS and SeNSM groups; and Firmicutes was higher (P < 0.05) in the control group. Moreover, the predominant bacterial genera were Prevotella, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Unclassified_Bacteroidales, which were higher (P < 0.05) in SeNSM group. The methanogenic community belonged to phylum Euryarchaeota and was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by Se supplementation. Principal component analysis based on rumen fermentation parameters, and relative abundances of bacteria and methanogens revealed three distinct clusters. These findings suggest that Se supplementation affected the relative abundances of dominant bacterial groups, declined rumen methanogens and SeNSM supplementation showed some positive impacts on some fibrolytic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Emara Rabee
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mayada M H Khalil
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Galal Abou Khadiga
- Departement of Poultry Production, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elmahdy
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Ebrahim A Sabra
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El-Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohsen A Zommara
- Dairy Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El- Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Khattab
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt.
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Lotfy WA, Badawy HM, Ghanem KM, El-Aassar SA. Improved production of Bacillus subtilis cholesterol oxidase by optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:141. [PMID: 37999804 PMCID: PMC10673797 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol oxidase has numerous biomedical and industrial applications. In the current study, a new bacterial strain was isolated from sewage and was selected for its high potency for cholesterol degradation (%) and production of high cholesterol oxidase activity (U/OD600). RESULTS Based on the sequence of 16S rRNA gene, the bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The fermentation conditions affecting cholesterol degradation (%) and the activity of cholesterol oxidase (U/OD600) of B. subtilis were optimized through fractional factorial design (FFD) and response surface methodology (RSM). According to this sequential optimization approach, 80.152% cholesterol degradation was achieved by setting the concentrations of cholesterol, inoculum size, and magnesium sulphate at 0.05 g/l, 6%, and 0.05 g/l, respectively. Moreover, 85.461 U of cholesterol oxidase/OD600 were attained by adjusting the fermentation conditions at initial pH, 6; volume of the fermentation medium, 15 ml/flask; and concentration of cholesterol, 0.05 g/l. The optimization process improved cholesterol degradation (%) and the activity of cholesterol oxidase (U/OD600) by 139% and 154%, respectively. No cholesterol was detected in the spectroscopic analysis of the optimized fermented medium via gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). CONCLUSION The current study provides principal information for the development of efficient production of cholesterol oxidase by B. subtilis that could be used in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid A Lotfy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hala M Badawy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Ghanem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samy A El-Aassar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Zahran M, El-Shabasy RM, Elrashedy A, Mousa W, Nayel M, Salama A, Zaghawa A, Elsify A. Recent progress in the genotyping of bovine tuberculosis and its rapid diagnosis via nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31795-31810. [PMID: 37908649 PMCID: PMC10613952 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05606f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is considered a worldwide infectious zoonotic disease. Mycobacterium bovis causes bTB disease. It is one of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) members. MTBC is a clonal complex of close relatives with approximately 99.95% similarity. M. bovis is a spillover pathogen that can transmit from animals to humans and rarely from humans to animals with contact. Genotyping techniques are important to discriminate and differentiate between MTBC species. Spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) are widely used but they have some limitations. As an alternative, whole genome sequencing approaches have been utilized due to their high-resolution power. They are employed in typing M. bovis and explain the evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships between isolates. The control of bTB disease has attracted a large amount of attention. Rapid and proper diagnosis is necessary for monitoring the disease as an initial step for its control and treatment. Nanotechnology has a potential impact on the rapid diagnosis and treatment of bTB through the use of nanocarrier and metal nanoparticles (NPs). Special attention has been paid to voltammetric and impedimetric electrochemical strategies as facile, sensitive, and selective methods for the efficient detection of tuberculosis. The efficacy of these sensors is enhanced in the presence of NPs, which act as recognition and/or redox probes. Gold, silver, copper, cobalt, graphene, and magnetic NPs, as well as polypyrrole nanowires and multiwalled carbon nanotubes have been employed for detecting tuberculosis. Overall, NP-based electrochemical sensors represent a promising tool for the diagnosis of bTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Zahran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University Shebin El-Kom 32512 Egypt
- Menoufia Company for Water and Wastewater, Holding Company for Water and Wastewater Menoufia 32514 Egypt
| | - Rehan M El-Shabasy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University Shebin El-Kom 32512 Egypt
- Chemistry Department, The American University in Cairo AUC Avenue New Cairo 11835 Egypt
| | - Alyaa Elrashedy
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City Egypt
| | - Walid Mousa
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nayel
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City Egypt
| | - Akram Salama
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zaghawa
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsify
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City Egypt
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Das J, Kumar R, Yadav SK, Jha G. Nicotinic Acid Catabolism Modulates Bacterial Mycophagy in Burkholderia gladioli Strain NGJ1. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0445722. [PMID: 37014254 PMCID: PMC10269826 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04457-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia gladioli strain NGJ1 exhibits mycophagous activity on a broad range of fungi, including Rhizoctonia solani, a devastating plant pathogen. Here, we demonstrate that the nicotinic acid (NA) catabolic pathway in NGJ1 is required for mycophagy. NGJ1 is auxotrophic to NA and it potentially senses R. solani as a NA source. Mutation in the nicC and nicX genes involved in NA catabolism renders defects in mycophagy and the mutant bacteria are unable to utilize R. solani extract as the sole nutrient source. As supplementation of NA, but not FA (fumaric acid, the end product of NA catabolism) restores the mycophagous ability of ΔnicC/ΔnicX mutants, we anticipate that NA is not required as a carbon source for the bacterium during mycophagy. Notably, nicR, a MarR-type of transcriptional regulator that functions as a negative regulator of the NA catabolic pathway is upregulated in ΔnicC/ΔnicX mutant and upon NA supplementation the nicR expression is reduced to the basal level in both the mutants. The ΔnicR mutant produces excessive biofilm and is completely defective in swimming motility. On the other hand, ΔnicC/ΔnicX mutants are compromised in swimming motility as well as biofilm formation, potentially due to the upregulation of nicR. Our data suggest that a defect in NA catabolism alters the NA pool in the bacterium and upregulates nicR which in turn suppresses bacterial motility as well as biofilm formation, leading to mycophagy defects. IMPORTANCE Mycophagy is an important trait through which certain bacteria forage over fungal mycelia and utilize fungal biomass as a nutrient source to thrive in hostile environments. The present study emphasizes that nicotinic acid (NA) is important for bacterial motility and biofilm formation during mycophagy by Burkholderia gladioli strain NGJ1. Defects in NA catabolism potentially alter the cellular NA pool, upregulate the expression of nicR, a negative regulator of biofilm, and therefore suppress bacterial motility as well as biofilm formation, leading to mycophagy defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyati Das
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Yadav
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- Plant Microbe Interactions Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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14
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Byaruhanga T, Kayiwa JT, Nankya AM, Ataliba IJ, McClure CP, Ball JK, Lutwama JJ. Arbovirus circulation, epidemiology and spatiotemporal distribution in Uganda. IJID REGIONS 2023; 6:171-176. [PMID: 36915800 PMCID: PMC10006739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Arboviruses are endemic in Uganda; however, little is known about their epidemiology, seasonality and spatiotemporal distribution. Our study sought to provide information on arbovirus outbreaks from acute clinical presentations. Methods Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and confirmatory Plaque Reduction Neutralisation Test (PRNT) results for arbovirus diagnosis of samples collected from patients attending sentinel sites from 2016-19 were analysed retrospectively. Demographic data were analysed with SaTScan and SPSS software to determine the epidemiology and spatiotemporal distribution of arboviruses. Results Arbovirus activity peaked consistently during March-May rainy seasons. Overall, arbovirus seroprevalence was 9.5%. Of 137 IgM positives, 52.6% were confirmed by PRNT, of which 73.6% cases were observed in central Uganda with Yellow Fever Virus had the highest prevalence (27.8%). The 5-14 age group were four times more likely to be infected with an arbovirus p=0.003, 4.1 (95% CI 1.3-12.3). Significant arboviral activity was observed among outdoor workers(p=0.05) . Spatiotemporal analysis indicated arboviral activity in 23 of the 85 districts analysed.. Interpretation Our study shows that arbovirus activity peaks during the March-May rainy season and highlights the need for YFV mass vaccination to reduce the clinical burden of arboviruses transmitted within the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Byaruhanga
- University of Nottingham School of Life Sciences, Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, Nottingham, UK
- Uganda Virus Research Institute, Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging infectious diseases
| | - John T. Kayiwa
- Uganda Virus Research Institute, Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging infectious diseases
| | - Annet M. Nankya
- Uganda Virus Research Institute, Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging infectious diseases
| | - Irene J. Ataliba
- Uganda Virus Research Institute, Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging infectious diseases
| | - C. Patrick McClure
- University of Nottingham School of Life Sciences, Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jonathan K. Ball
- University of Nottingham School of Life Sciences, Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, Nottingham, UK
| | - Julius J. Lutwama
- Uganda Virus Research Institute, Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging infectious diseases
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Abebe E, Gugsa G, Ahmed M, Awol N, Tefera Y, Abegaz S, Sisay T. Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from foods of Bovine origin in Dessie and Kombolcha towns, Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010706. [PMID: 36706075 PMCID: PMC9882751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
E. coli are frequently isolated food-borne pathogens from meat, milk, and their products. Moreover, there has been a significant rise in the antimicrobial resistance patterns of E. coli O157:H7 to commonly used antibiotics. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to July 2021 to estimate prevalence and identify associated factors of E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 and to determine antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli O157:H7 from foods of bovine origin in Dessie and Kombolcha towns. A total of 384 samples were collected. Systematic and simple random sampling techniques were employed for sampling carcasses and milking cows, respectively. E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 were detected according to recommended bacteriological protocols. E. coli O157:H7 strains were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility using agar disk diffusion method. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were applied to analyze the data. Overall prevalence rates of E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 were 54.7% and 6.5%, respectively. Highest prevalence rates of E. coli (79.6%) and E. coli O157:H7 (16.7%) were obtained from carcass swabs and milk tank samples, respectively. Unlike E. coli O157:H7, a statistically significant difference in the E. coli prevalence (P<0.05) was observed among the different sample types. Multidrug resistance was observed among all isolates of E. coli O157:H7. All E. coli O157:H7 isolates (100.0%) were susceptible to Ampicillin, Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and Norfloxacin. On the contrary, all of the isolates (100%) were resistant to Penicillin G, Vancomycin, and Oxacillin. The current study indicated that different foods of bovine origin in the study area were unsafe for human consumption. Hence, good hygienic production methods should be employed to ensure the safety of foods of bovine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engidaw Abebe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Gugsa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Meselu Ahmed
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Nesibu Awol
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Yalew Tefera
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Shimelis Abegaz
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Sisay
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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16
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Abbasi Kali R, Rajabi Z, Nofouzi K, Khordadmehr M. Effects of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 on immune responses of Japanese quails ( Coturnix japonica) to Newcastle disease vaccines. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2023; 24:116-121. [PMID: 37790117 PMCID: PMC10542874 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2023.44852.6612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Background The development of proper immune responses to Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines is important in controlling the disease. Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) is involved in regulating the immune system. Aims The current study evaluated the effects of EcN on immune responses to ND live vaccines in Japanese quails. Methods A total of 150 one-day-old quails were divided into three equal groups. Groups A and B received 107 and 106 CFU/ml/day of EcN, respectively, sprayed on their diets, while group C received 1 ml/day of PBS. All birds were vaccinated with B1 and Lasota vaccines at 10 and 20 days of age, respectively. Serum samples were collected in order to assay the levels of IgA and certain cytokines, including IL4, IFN-α, and IFN-γ, as well as antibody titers to NDV by HI and ELISA methods. Results No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in serum IgA and IFN-α levels among the groups. However, concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4 in 42-day-old chicks in group A were significantly (P<0.05) higher than in both other groups. After 15 days of the second vaccination, the mean HI titer following NDV was significantly higher in group A than group C. Groups B and C showed significantly lower HI titer than group A after 22 days of the second vaccination. Mean ELISA titer to NDV was significantly (P<0.05) higher in group A than in groups B and C after 22 days of the second vaccination. Conclusion It seems that the spraying of 107 CFU/ml/day of EcN on quail diets enhances the immune response to NDV vaccines by increasing serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Abbasi Kali
- Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Z. Rajabi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - K. Nofouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M. Khordadmehr
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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17
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Hemeda NA, Hegazy GE, Abdelgalil SA, Soliman NA, Abdel-Meguid DI, El-Assar SA. Maximization of red pigment production from Streptomyces sp. LS1 structure elucidation and application as antimicrobial/antifouling against human pathogens and marine microbes. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:168. [PMID: 36542258 PMCID: PMC9772370 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural dyes are present in living organisms such as animals and plants and microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, algae, and yeast. Pigments are fast and easy growth by using cheap components and do not effect by environmental conditions because they required some physical factors like heat, light, and pH and also they have many biotechnological applications such as medical and industrial needs. The natural pigments can act as antimicrobial agents and are used in drug manufacturing. Also, it can be used in the food industry as natural colorants instead of the synthetic colorants due to their safety on human health and low toxicity when emitted into the environment. RESULTS A pigmented actinomycetes LS1 strain isolated from El Mahmoudia canal (sediment soil) located in Egypt was microscopically examined and identified as Streptomyces sp. by molecular approach. Extraction, purification, and characterization of produced red pigment metabolite like carotenoids related were established based on spectroscopic studies and comparing the data from the literature. Factors (nutritional and physical) influencing red pigmentation by this isolate were investigated through One Variable At Time (OVAT), and then, the optimal levels of the significant key variables were recorded. Also, the productivity yield reached 30 mg of dried purified pigment/gram dry weight. The biological activity of the red product was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative marine bacterial pathogens; the recorded antimicrobial activity is more prominent against (P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883, S. aureus ATCC 6538, B. subtilis ATCC 6633 and E. coli ATCC 10418) at nearly 0.07 mg mL-1 concentration. Also, the tested red pigment showed a positive antifouling activity (AF) against marine microbes; the activity increased by increasing the pigment concentrations from 1 to 3 mg mL-1. CONCLUSION The present work focused on the optimization of culture conditions for the production of red pigment by Streptomyces sp. LS1; then, the antibacterial activity and antifouling activity of the produced pigments were tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesma A. Hemeda
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ghada E. Hegazy
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, Egypt ,grid.420020.40000 0004 0483 2576Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Soad A. Abdelgalil
- grid.420020.40000 0004 0483 2576Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nadia A. Soliman
- grid.420020.40000 0004 0483 2576Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dina I. Abdel-Meguid
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samy A. El-Assar
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Wells PM, Sprockett DD, Bowyer RCE, Kurushima Y, Relman DA, Williams FMK, Steves CJ. Influential factors of saliva microbiota composition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18894. [PMID: 36344584 PMCID: PMC9640688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiota is emerging as an influential factor of host physiology and disease state. Factors influencing oral microbiota composition have not been well characterised. In particular, there is a lack of population-based studies. We undertook a large hypothesis-free study of the saliva microbiota, considering potential influential factors of host health (frailty; diet; periodontal disease), demographics (age; sex; BMI) and sample processing (storage time), in a sample (n = 679) of the TwinsUK cohort of adult twins. Alpha and beta diversity of the saliva microbiota was associated most strongly with frailty (alpha diversity: β = -0.16, Q = 0.003, Observed; β = -0.16, Q = 0.002, Shannon; β = -0.16, Q = 0.003, Simpson; Beta diversity: Q = 0.002, Bray Curtis dissimilarity) and age (alpha diversity: β = 0.15, Q = 0.006, Shannon; β = 0.12, Q = 0.003, Simpson; beta diversity: Q = 0.002, Bray Curtis dissimilarity; Q = 0.032, Weighted UniFrac) in multivariate models including age, frailty, sex, BMI, frailty and diet, and adjustment for multiple testing. Those with a more advanced age were more likely to be dissimilar in the saliva microbiota composition than younger participants (P = 5.125e-06, ANOVA). In subsample analyses, including consideration of periodontal disease (total n = 138, periodontal disease n = 66), the association with frailty remained for alpha diversity (Q = 0.002, Observed ASVs; Q = 0.04 Shannon Index), but not beta diversity, whilst age was not demonstrated to associate with alpha or beta diversity in this subsample, potentially due to insufficient statistical power. Length of time that samples were stored prior to sequencing was associated with beta diversity (Q = 0.002, Bray Curtis dissimilarity). Six bacterial taxa were associated with age after adjustment for frailty and diet. Of the factors studied, frailty and age emerged as the most influential with regards to saliva microbiota composition. Whilst age and frailty are correlates, the associations were independent of each other, giving precedence to both biological and chronological ageing as processes of potential importance when considering saliva microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa M Wells
- Department of Twin Research, St Thomas Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel D Sprockett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ruth C E Bowyer
- Department of Twin Research, St Thomas Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yuko Kurushima
- Department of Twin Research, St Thomas Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David A Relman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Frances M K Williams
- Department of Twin Research, St Thomas Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research, St Thomas Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.
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19
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Sattar S, Hussain R, Shah SM, Bibi S, Ahmad SR, Shahzad A, Zamir A, Rauf Z, Noshad A, Ahmad L. Composition, impacts, and removal of liquid petroleum waste through bioremediation as an alternative clean-up technology: A review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11101. [PMID: 36281410 PMCID: PMC9586903 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hazardous wastes, especially petroleum wastes hydrocarbon (PWHCs), can damage human health and biological diversity. A huge amount of petroleum waste along with persistent organic pollutants is being generated during exploration and processing of crude oil. The dumping of petroleum waste hydrocarbons in an open pit contaminates the soil which can cause severe threats to human health and agro-geo-environmental ecosystem. The current study aimed to evaluate the mode of occurrence, composition, environmental, and health impacts of petroleum waste by using recent literature. The extracted results show that oil emulsion contains 48% oil, suspension 23%, settled emulsion 42%, and sludge emulsion 36%. The study discusses the possible biological techniques for rehabilitation of petroleum waste-contaminated areas. Several physical and chemical techniques are available for remediation of petroleum waste, but they are either costly or environmentally not feasible. Whereas, biological remediation namely, Bioremediation (Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation), Phytoremediation (Phytodegradation, Rhizoremediation, Phytovolatilization, and Rhizo-filtration) is a cheap and environmentally friendly way to remove petroleum waste hydrocarbons from contaminated soil and water. Some important enzymes (i.e., peroxidase, nitrilase, nitroreductase, phosphatase) and plant species i.e., Acacia and Chloris species are prominent methods to remediate the PWHCs. The knowledge assembled in this review is expected to create new doors for researchers to develop more efficient techniques to control the harmful impacts of PWHCs on the environment and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehla Sattar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Swabi, KP 23561, Pakistan,National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Rahib Hussain
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan,College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, 54590, Pakistan,Corresponding author.
| | | | - Salma Bibi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Swabi, KP 23561, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid Ahmad
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Asim Shahzad
- Department of Botany, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Zamir
- Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Rauf
- Department of Geology, University of Swabi, KP 23561, Pakistan
| | - Asma Noshad
- Department of Agriculture, Bacha Khan University, KP, Pakistan
| | - Laeiq Ahmad
- Department of Geology, University of Swabi, KP 23561, Pakistan
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20
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Bradshaw MJ, Braun U, Pfister DH. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 1: Golovinomyces. Mycologia 2022; 114:964-993. [PMID: 36223598 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2115419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Powdery mildews are a monophyletic group of obligate plant pathogenic fungi in the family Erysiphaceae. Powdery mildews are economically important in that they cause damage to many agriculturally significant crops and plants in ecologically important habitats. In this contribution, we introduce a new series of publications focusing on the phylogeny and taxonomy of this group, with an emphasis on specimens collected from North America. The first part of the series focuses on the genus Golovinomyces and includes a section detailing the powdery mildew species concept. We conducted analyses of Golovinomyces spp. with available rDNA sequence data from GenBank and supplemented the data set with rDNA (ITS, 28S, IGS) as well as protein-coding (GAPDH) data from 94 North American collections. Many of the species evaluated are included in phylogenetic and morphological analyses for the first time, including the American species G. americanus, G. brunneopunctatus, G. californicus, G. greeneanus, G. hydrophyllacearum, and G. sparsus. A special emphasis was placed on acquiring ex-type or ex-epitype sequences or presenting reference sequences for phylogenetic-taxonomic purposes. Three new species, G. eurybiarum, G. galiorum, and G. malvacearum, are described, and the new combinations G. fuegianus, G. mutisiae, and G. reginae are introduced. Ex-holotype sequences of Erysiphe sparsa (≡ G. sparsus) reveal that it should be reduced to synonymy with G. ambrosiae, and ex-epitype sequences of G. valerianae reveal that it should be reduced to synonymy with G. orontii. Multiple epitypes are designated with ex-epitype sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bradshaw
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Uwe Braun
- Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University, Institute of Biology, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, Halle (Saale) 06099, Germany
| | - Donald H Pfister
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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21
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Das S, Verma S, Choudhary P, Singh R, Saxena AK. Deciphering the genetic and functional diversity of cultivable bacteria from chasmophytic pigweed ( Chenopodium album) from Tsomoriri, Ladakh, India. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:242. [PMID: 36032512 PMCID: PMC9399335 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chasmophytes are a group of diverse plants growing on cracks and crevices of rocks. They survive under nutrient and water-limited conditions. Microorganisms associated with chasmophytes may play a critical role in their survival. In the present study, 263 bacterial isolates were obtained from chasmophytic wild Chenopodium collected from Tsomoriri, Ladakh. Members of Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Alcaligenes comprised ~ 90% of the Gram-negative bacteria, while among Gram-positive, Bacillus, Solibacillus, Fictibacillus, Microbacterium, and Micrococcus were most abundant. When evaluated for various plant growth-promoting traits, 36 bacteria could solubilize insoluble phosphate, 10 bacteria could release potassium from silicate minerals, and 25 bacteria could solubilize ZnO, while 124 bacteria produced siderophores. ACC deaminase activity was present in 31 isolates, while 46 bacteria could produce IAA (10.40-232.0 μg/mL). Furthermore, more than 64% of the isolates could grow at 50 °C, while ~ 60% could grow at 4 °C. Similarly, ~ 50% isolates were able to grow with > 1.7 M NaCl and ~ 70% could grow under high osmolarity (~ 67 mOsmol/L). The ability of these microorganisms to grow under such a wide range of temperature, salinity, and osmolarity offers adaptive advantage to colonize plants surviving under harsh environmental conditions. A large number (30-49%) of these isolates could produce acids from various sugars and sugar alcohols which is crucial to release mineral nutrients trapped in the rocks. The results indicated that genetically and functionally diverse microflora associated with wild Chenopodium might be helping these plants to effectively mine nutrients and water under extreme conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03278-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Das
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh India
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Shaloo Verma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Prassan Choudhary
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rajni Singh
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh India
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22
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Hu J, Sun M, Qi N, Abuzeid AM, Li J, Cai H, Lv M, Lin X, Liao S, Li G. Inhibitory effect of morin on aldolase 2 from Eimeria tenella. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2022; 20:1-10. [PMID: 35952522 PMCID: PMC9385451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) is a protozoal parasite that can cause severe cecal lesions and death in chickens, seriously harming the chicken industry. Conventional control strategies mainly rely on anticoccidial drugs. However, the emerging problems of anticoccidial resistance and drug residues necessitate exploring potential drug targets for developing new anticoccidial drugs. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (ALD) is an essential enzyme for parasite energy metabolism that has been considered a potential drug target. In this study, we analyzed the molecular and biochemical properties of E. tenella ALD2 (EtALD2). EtALD2 mRNA expression was highest in second-generation merozoites, whereas the protein level was highest in unsporulated oocysts. Indirect immunofluorescence showed that EtALD2 was mainly distributed in sporozoite' cytoplasm. The natural product inhibitor (morin) was screened by computer-aided drug screening. Enzyme kinetic and inhibition kinetic assays showed that morin had a good inhibitory effect on EtALD2 activity (IC50 = 10.37 μM, Ki = 48.97 μM). In vitro inhibition assay demonstrated that morin had an inhibitory effect on E. tenella development, with an IC50 value of 3.98 μM and drug selection index of 177.49. In vivo, morin significantly improved cecal lesions (p < 0.05) and reduced oocyst excretion (p < 0.05) in E. tenella-infected chickens compared with the untreated group. The anticoccidial index of the group receiving 450 mg morin per kg feed was 162, showing a good anticoccidial effect. These findings suggest that EtALD2 could be a novel drug target for E. tenella treatment, and morin should be further evaluated as a therapeutic candidate for chicken coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China,Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Mingfei Sun
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Nanshan Qi
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Asmaa M.I. Abuzeid
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Juan Li
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Haiming Cai
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Minna Lv
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xuhui Lin
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shenquan Liao
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, PR China,Corresponding author.
| | - Guoqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China,Corresponding author.
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23
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Erysiphe iranica sp. nov. on Onobrychis caput-galli in Iran. MYCOTAXON 2022. [DOI: 10.5248/137.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In April 2014, powdery mildew symptoms were found on Onobrychis caputgalli in Khan Ahmad, Gachsaran, Iran. Morphological characters and analysis of ITS and 28S rDNA sequences revealed that this powdery mildew does not match previously recorded species on fabaceous hosts. It is
proposed as a new species, Erysiphe iranica, and is described and illustrated, and compared with previous species of powdery mildew recorded on Fabaceae.
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24
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Abd El-Aziz Gadallah M, El-Sayed WM, Hussien MZ, Elheniedy MA, Maxwell SY. In-vitro activity of plazomicin, meropenem-vaborbactam, and omadacycline against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative isolates in Egypt. J Chemother 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35822495 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2022.2095156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Anti-microbial resistance is an escalating worldwide threat. Thus, there is an utmost necessity for the introduction of novel anti-microbial agents. This research aimed to evaluate the in-vitro activity of plazomicin, meropenem-vaborbactam, and omadacycline against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative isolates gathered from one Egyptian University group of Hospitals. 210 intensive care units (ICU) and 113 non-ICU samples were included. Resistance to carbapenems was reported in 37.5% and 21.05% of the isolated Gram-negative ICU and non-ICU organisms respectively (P < 0.001). Via disc diffusion, the sensitivity rates for carbapenem-resistant non-ICU and ICU strains were 68.8% & 64.4% for plazomicin, 68.8% & 48.9% for meropenem-vaborbactam, and 56.25% & 44.5% for omadacycline, respectively. Regarding MIC50/90, it was 1/16 μg/mL for plazomicin and 4/32 μg/mL for both meropenem-vaborbactam and omadacycline separately. In conclusion, plazomicin displayed potent activity against carbapenem-resistant strains. Moreover, meropenem-vaborbactam and omadacycline demonstrated satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abd El-Aziz Gadallah
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Wasila Moursy El-Sayed
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Zakaria Hussien
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ahmed Elheniedy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Traumatology, and Surgical Intensive Care, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sara Youssef Maxwell
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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25
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Jabal-Uriel C, Alba C, Higes M, Rodríguez JM, Martín-Hernández R. Effect of Nosema ceranae infection and season on the gut bacteriome composition of the European honeybee (Apis mellifera). Sci Rep 2022; 12:9326. [PMID: 35662256 PMCID: PMC9167302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosema ceranae is an intracellular parasite that infects honeybees' gut altering the digestive functions; therefore, it has the potential of affecting the composition of the gut microbiome. In this work, individual bees of known age were sampled both in spring and autumn, and their digestive tracts were assessed for N. ceranae infection. Intestinal microbiome was assessed by sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA gene in two different gut sections, the anterior section (AS; midgut and a half of ileum) and the posterior section (PS; second half of ileum and rectum). A preliminary analysis with a first batch of samples (n = 42) showed that AS samples had a higher potential to discriminate between infected and non-infected bees than PS samples. As a consequence, AS samples were selected for subsequent analyses. When analyzing the whole set of AS samples (n = 158) no changes in α- or β-diversity were observed between infected and non-infected bees. However, significant changes in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes appeared when a subgroup of highly infected bees was compared to the group of non-infected bees. Seasonality and bees' age had a significant impact in shaping the bacteriome structure and composition of the bees' gut. Further research is needed to elucidate possible associations between the microbiome and N. ceranae infection in order to find efficient strategies for prevention of infections through modulation of bees' microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Jabal-Uriel
- Laboratorio de Patología Apícola, Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental (CIAPA), IRIAF - Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal, Consejería de Agricultura de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 19180, Marchamalo, Spain.
| | - Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Higes
- Laboratorio de Patología Apícola, Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental (CIAPA), IRIAF - Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal, Consejería de Agricultura de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 19180, Marchamalo, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Martín-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Patología Apícola, Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental (CIAPA), IRIAF - Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal, Consejería de Agricultura de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 19180, Marchamalo, Spain.
- Instituto de Recursos Humanos para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (INCRECYT - ESF/EC-FSE), Fundación Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Castilla - La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain.
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26
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Jadimurthy R, Mayegowda SB, Nayak S, Mohan CD, Rangappa KS. Escaping mechanisms of ESKAPE pathogens from antibiotics and their targeting by natural compounds. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 34:e00728. [PMID: 35686013 PMCID: PMC9171455 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The microorganisms that have developed resistance to available therapeutic agents are threatening the globe and multidrug resistance among the bacterial pathogens is becoming a major concern of public health worldwide. Bacteria develop protective mechanisms to counteract the deleterious effects of antibiotics, which may eventually result in loss of growth-inhibitory potential of antibiotics. ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens display multidrug resistance and virulence through various mechanisms and it is the need of the hour to discover or design new antibiotics against ESKAPE pathogens. In this article, we have discussed the mechanisms acquired by ESKAPE pathogens to counteract the effect of antibiotics and elaborated on recently discovered secondary metabolites derived from bacteria and plant sources that are endowed with good antibacterial activity towards pathogenic bacteria in general, ESKAPE organisms in particular. Abyssomicin C, allicin, anthracimycin, berberine, biochanin A, caffeic acid, daptomycin, kibdelomycin, piperine, platensimycin, plazomicin, taxifolin, teixobactin, and thymol are the major metabolites whose antibacterial potential have been discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragi Jadimurthy
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Shilpa Borehalli Mayegowda
- Dayananda Sagar University, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Shavige Malleswara Hills, Kumaraswamy layout, Bengaluru 560111, India
| | - S.Chandra Nayak
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
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27
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Kumar V, Prasher IB. Seasonal variation and tissues specificity of endophytic fungi of Dillenia indica L. and their extracellular enzymatic activity. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:341. [PMID: 35593972 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes are microbes that live inside the tissues of plants without causing any disease. Many of these belonging to fungi have been exploited earlier for their biological activities. This study focused on the exploration and characterization of culturable endophytic fungi inhabiting the medicinal plant Dillenia indica L. during four different seasons (summer, monsoon, autumn, and winter) from 2018 to 2019. A total of 2360 segments from different parts (leaves, fruits, and stem) were screened to isolate endophytic fungi. During the study, 25 species of fungi belonging to 20 genera were isolated from the selected plant. The identification of these fungi was validated at morphological, microscopic, and molecular levels. Results indicate the plant has the highest affinity for Daldinia eschscholtzii, followed by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Cladosporium cladosporioides. Further, the percent frequency was highest in leaves, followed by stem and fruits. The results were further supported by a similar trend of colonization rate for different plant parts. The monsoon season had the highest number of isolates (312), followed by summer (208), winter (164), and autumn (114). Species diversity was highest during the monsoon season and lowest during the winter. These fungi also produce amylase, lipase, protease, asparaginase, cellulase, and ligninolytic enzymes. This study focused only on culturable fungal endophytes, yet the scope can be extended for other non-culturable microbes and their interaction by using high-throughput genomics and novel next-generation sequencing (NGS) tools. The results indicate that Dillenia indica L. harbors novel endophytic fungi having industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Lab., Department of Botany, Panjab University Chandigarh, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - I B Prasher
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Lab., Department of Botany, Panjab University Chandigarh, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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28
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Du Y, Li H, Shao J, Wu T, Xu W, Hu X, Chen J. Adhesion and Colonization of the Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum HC-2 in the Intestine of Litopenaeus Vannamei Are Associated With Bacterial Surface Proteins. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:878874. [PMID: 35535252 PMCID: PMC9076606 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.878874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface proteins are a type of proteins expressed on the surface of bacteria that play an important role in cell wall synthesis, maintenance of cell morphology, and signaling with the host. Our previous study showed that the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum HC-2 improved the growth performance and immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei. To further investigate the probiotic mechanism, we determined the automatic aggregation ability of the bacteria and surface hydrophobicity of HC-2 after being treated with 5 M of lithium chloride (LiCl) and observed the morphology and adhesion of the bacteria to HCT116 cells. The results showed that with the removal of the HC-2 surface protein, the auto-aggregation ability and surface hydrophobicity of HC-2 decreased, and the crude mucus layer coated on the bacterial surface gradually dissociated. The adhesion rate of HC-2 to HCT116 cells decreased from 98.1 to 20.9%. Moreover, a total of 201 unique proteins were identified from the mixture of the surface proteins by mass spectrometry (MS). Several proteins are involved in transcription and translation, biosynthetic or metabolic process, cell cycle or division, cell wall synthesis, and emergency response. Meanwhile, a quantitative real-time PCR qPCR_ showed that HC-2 was mainly colonized in the midgut of shrimp, and the colonization numbers were 15 times higher than that in the foregut, while the colonization rate in the hindgut was lower. The adhesion activity measurement showed that the adhesion level of HC-2 to crude intestinal mucus of L. vannamei was higher than that of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and collagen, and the adhesion capacity of the bacterial cells decreased with the extension of LiCl-treatment time. Finally, we identified the elongation factor Tu, Type I glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, small heat shock protein, and 30S ribosomal protein from the surface proteins, which may be the adhesion proteins of HC-2 colonization in the shrimp intestine. The above results indicate that surface proteins play an important role in maintaining the cell structure stability and cell adhesion. Surface proteomics analysis contributes to describing potential protein-mediated probiotic-host interactions. The identification of some interacting proteins in this work may be beneficial to further understand the adhesion/colonization mechanism and probiotic properties of L. plantarum HC-2 in the shrimp intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianchun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - WenLong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoman Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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29
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Wang Y, Li H. Gut microbiota modulation: a tool for the management of colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2022; 20:178. [PMID: 35449107 PMCID: PMC9022293 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of cancer death and the third most frequently diagnosed cancer. Besides the lifestyle, genetic and epigenetic alterations, and environmental factors, gut microbiota also plays a vital role in CRC development. The interruption of the commensal relationship between gut microbiota and the host could lead to an imbalance in the bacteria population, in which the pathogenic bacteria become the predominant population in the gut. Different therapeutic strategies have been developed to modify the gut immune system, prevent pathogen colonization, and alter the activity and composition of gut microbiota, such as prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Even though the employed strategies exhibit promising results, their translation into the clinic requires evaluating potential implications and risks, as well as assessment of their long-term effects. This study was set to review the gut microbiota imbalances and their relationship with CRC and their effects on CRC therapy, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. More importantly, we reviewed the strategies that have been used to modulate gut microbiota, their impact on the treatment of CRC, and the challenges of each strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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30
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Zhou J, Lin X, Liu S, Wang Z, Liu D, Huo Y, Li D. Effects of Compound Elicitors on the Biosynthesis of Triterpenoids and Activity of Defense Enzymes from Inonotus hispidus (Basidiomycetes). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092618. [PMID: 35565966 PMCID: PMC9102530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inonotus hispidus has various health-promoting activities, such as anticancer effects and immune-stimulating activity. The commercialization of valuable plant triterpenoids faces major challenges, including low abundance in natural hosts and costly downstream purification procedures. In this work, orthogonal design was used to compound methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), oleic acid, and Cu2+, and the effects of combinations on the total triterpenes biosynthesized were studied. The optimal combination was screened out and its effect on the activity of PAL, CAT, and SOD was studied. The optimal concentration of oleic acid was 2% when MeJA was 100 mol/L, and the total triterpenoid content and mycelia production were 3.918 g and 85.17 mg/g, respectively. MeJA treatment induced oxidative stress, and at the same time increased the activity of related defense enzymes. Oleic acid is thought to regulate cell permeability by recombining cell membranes. It promotes the material exchange process between cells and the environment without affecting cell growth. When oleic acid was used in combination with MeJA, a synergistic effect on triterpene production was observed. In conclusion, our findings provide a strategy for triterpenoid enrichment of I. hispidus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dehai Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18645005091 or +86-451-82190514
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31
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Söder J, Wernersson S, Höglund K, Hagman R, Lindåse S, Dicksved J. Composition and short-term stability of gut microbiota in lean and spontaneously overweight healthy Labrador retriever dogs. Acta Vet Scand 2022; 64:8. [PMID: 35346308 PMCID: PMC8962211 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-022-00628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota and its metabolic end-products act in close collaboration with the nutrient metabolism of the animal. A relationship between excess adiposity and alterations in gut microbiota composition has been identified in humans and rodents, but data are scarce for overweight dogs. This study compared composition and temporal variations of gut microbiota in healthy lean and spontaneously overweight dogs. The analysis was based on three individual fresh faeces samples from each dog during a 10-day period. Twenty-seven healthy and intact male Labrador retriever dogs were included, 12 of which were classified as lean (body condition score (BCS) 4–5 on a 9-point scale) and 15 as overweight (BCS 6–8). Gut microbiota was analysed by Illumina sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Results Lean and overweight groups of dogs were not separated by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), analysis of similarity (one-way ANOSIM, P = 0.99) or species indicator analysis (IndVal) using operational taxonomic units (OTU) data. Gut microbial taxa at phylum, family or genus level did not differ between lean and overweight dogs in mixed-model repeated measures analyses. Short-term stability, evaluated by similarity index, did not differ between lean and overweight dogs over the 10-day period. Pooled Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was 3.1 ± 3.7 in overweight dogs and 2.1 ± 1.2 in lean dogs (P = 0.83). Individual dogs, irrespective of body condition (lean or overweight), displayed variation in mean alpha diversity (Chao-1 index range 122–245, Shannon index range 2.6–3.6) and mean similarity index (range 44–85%). Conclusions Healthy lean and spontaneously overweight Labrador retriever dogs had comparable gut microbiota composition and short-term stability over a 10-day sampling period. There were no alterations in microbial diversity or in relative abundance of specific taxa at phylum, family or genus level in overweight compared to lean dogs. Our findings suggest that there are few detectable differences in gut microbiota composition between healthy spontaneously overweight and lean dogs by the current method. Future application of metagenomic or metabolomic techniques could be used to investigate microbial genes or microbial end-products that may differ even when microbiota compositional analyses fail to detect a significant difference between lean and overweight dogs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13028-022-00628-z.
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Haq F, Xu X, Ma W, Shah SMA, Liu L, Zhu B, Zou L, Chen G. A Xanthomonas transcription activator-like effector is trapped in nonhost plants for immunity. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100249. [PMID: 35059629 PMCID: PMC8760140 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight in rice, delivers transcription activator-like effector (TALE) proteins into host cells to activate susceptibility or resistance (R) genes that promote disease or immunity, respectively. Nonhost plants serve as potential reservoirs of R genes; consequently, nonhost R genes may trap TALEs to trigger an immune response. In this study, we screened 17 Xoo TALEs for their ability to induce a hypersensitive response (HR) in the nonhost plant Nicotiana benthamiana (Nb); only AvrXa10 elicited an HR when transiently expressed in Nb. The HR generated by AvrXa10 required both the central repeat region and the activation domain, suggesting a specific interaction between AvrXa10 and a potential R-like gene in nonhost plants. Evans blue staining and ion leakage measurements confirmed that the AvrXa10-triggered HR was a form of cell death, and the transient expression of AvrXa10 in Nb induced immune responses. Genes targeted by AvrXa10 in the Nb genome were identified by transcriptome profiling and prediction of effector binding sites. Using several approaches (in vivo reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility-shift assays, targeted designer TALEs, and on-spot gene silencing), we confirmed that AvrXa10 targets NbZnFP1, a C2H2-type zinc finger protein that resides in the nucleus. Functional analysis indicated that overexpression of NbZnFP1 and its rice orthologs triggered cell death in rice protoplasts. An NbZnFP1 ortholog was also identified in tomato and was specifically activated by AvrXa10. These results demonstrate that NbZnFP1 is a nonhost R gene that traps AvrXa10 to promote plant immunity in Nb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Haq
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiameng Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenxiu Ma
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Syed Mashab Ali Shah
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Zou
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Gongyou Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Corresponding author
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Dong L, Bian X, Zhao Y, Yang H, Xu Y, Han Y, Zhang L. Rhizosphere analysis of field-grown Panax ginseng with different degrees of red skin provides the basis for preventing red skin syndrome. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:12. [PMID: 34991491 PMCID: PMC8734182 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng red skin root syndrome (GRS) is one of the most common ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) diseases. It leads to a severe decline in P. ginseng quality and seriously affects the P. ginseng industry in China. However, as a root disease, the characteristics of the GRS rhizosphere microbiome are still unclear. Methods The amplicon bacterial 16 S rRNA genes and fungal ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) regions Illumina sequencing technology, combined with microbial diversity and composition analysis based on R software, was used to explore the relationship between soil ecological environment and GRS. Results There were significant differences in the diversity and richness of soil microorganisms between the rhizosphere with different degrees of disease, especially between healthy P. ginseng (HG) and heavily diseased groups. The variation characteristics of microbial abundance in different taxa levels were analyzed. The interaction network of rhizosphere microorganisms of P. ginseng under GRS background was established. We also found that different P. ginseng rhizosphere microbial communities have multiple changes in stability and complexity through the established interaction network. Microbes closely related to potential pathogenic fungi were also identified according to the interaction network, which provided clues for looking for biological control agents. Finally, the Distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) results indicated that total phosphorus (TP), available potassium (AK), available phosphorus (AP), catalase (CAT), invertase (INV) are the key factors that influence the microbial communities. Moreover, the content of these key factors in the rhizosphere was negatively correlated with disease degrees. Conclusions In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the rhizosphere characteristics of P. ginseng with different levels of disease, and explored the interaction relationship among microorganisms. These results provide a basis for soil improvement and biological control of field-grown in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02430-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Dong
- National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xingbo Bian
- National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - He Yang
- National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yonghua Xu
- National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China. .,College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Yongzhong Han
- Jilin Provincial Ginseng and Pilose Antler Office, Changchun, China
| | - Lianxue Zhang
- National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China. .,College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
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Lawrence D, Campbell DE, Schriefer LA, Rodgers R, Walker FC, Turkin M, Droit L, Parkes M, Handley SA, Baldridge MT. Single-cell genomics for resolution of conserved bacterial genes and mobile genetic elements of the human intestinal microbiota using flow cytometry. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2029673. [PMID: 35130125 PMCID: PMC8824198 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2029673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As our understanding of the importance of the human microbiota in health and disease grows, so does our need to carefully resolve and delineate its genomic content. 16S rRNA gene-based analyses yield important insights into taxonomic composition, and metagenomics-based approaches reveal the functional potential of microbial communities. However, these methods generally fail to directly link genetic features, including bacterial genes and mobile genetic elements, to each other and to their source bacterial genomes. Further, they are inadequate to capture the microdiversity present within a genus, species, or strain of bacteria within these complex communities. Here, we present a method utilizing fluorescence-activated cell sorting for isolation of single bacterial cells, amplifying their genomes, screening them by 16S rRNA gene analysis, and selecting cells for genomic sequencing. We apply this method to both a cultured laboratory strain of Escherichia coli and human stool samples. Our analyses reveal the capacity of this method to provide nearly complete coverage of bacterial genomes when applied to isolates and partial genomes of bacterial species recovered from complex communities. Additionally, this method permits exploration and comparison of conserved and variable genomic features between individual cells. We generate assemblies of novel genomes within the Ruminococcaceae family and the Holdemanella genus by combining several 16S rRNA gene-matched single cells, and report novel prophages and conjugative transposons for both Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcaceae. Thus, we demonstrate an approach for flow cytometric separation and sequencing of single bacterial cells from the human microbiota, which yields a variety of critical insights into both the functional potential of individual microbes and the variation among those microbes. This method definitively links a variety of conserved and mobile genomic features, and can be extended to further resolve diverse elements present in the human microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Lawrence
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Danielle E. Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lawrence A. Schriefer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel Rodgers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Forrest C. Walker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marissa Turkin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lindsay Droit
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Miles Parkes
- Division of Gastroenterology Addenbrooke’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Scott A. Handley
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Megan T. Baldridge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Shukla A, Shukla G, Parmar P, Patel B, Goswami D, Saraf M. Exemplifying the next generation of antibiotic susceptibility intensifiers of phytochemicals by LasR-mediated quorum sensing inhibition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22421. [PMID: 34789810 PMCID: PMC8599845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There persists a constant threat from multidrug resistance being acquired by all human pathogens that challenges the well-being of humans. This phenomenon is predominantly led by Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is already resistant to the current generations of antibiotic by altering its metabolic pathways to survive. Specifically for this microbe the phenomenon of quorum sensing (QS) plays a crucial role in acquiring virulence and pathogenicity. QS is simply the cross talk between the bacterial community driven by signals that bind to receptors, enabling the entire bacterial microcosm to function as a single unit which has led to control P. aeruginosa cumbersome even in presence of antibiotics. Inhibition of QS can, therefore, be of a significant importance to curb such virulent and pathogenic strains of P. aeruginosa. Natural compounds are well known for their antimicrobial properties, of which, information on their mode of action is scarce. There can be many antimicrobial phytochemicals that act by hindering QS-pathways. The rationale of the current study is to identify such natural compounds that can inhibit QS in P. aeruginosa driven by LasR, PhzR, and RhlR dependent pathways. To achieve this rationale, in silico studies were first performed to identify such natural compounds which were then validated by in vitro experiments. Gingerol and Curcumin were identified as QS-antagonists (QSA) which could further suppress the production of biofilm, EPS, pyocyanin, and rhamnolipid along with improving the susceptibility to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Shukla
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Gaurav Shukla
- Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Raysan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Paritosh Parmar
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Baldev Patel
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Dweipayan Goswami
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
| | - Meenu Saraf
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
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Survey on phenotypic resistance in Enterococcus faecalis: comparison between the expression of biofilm-associated genes in Enterococcus faecalis persister and non-persister cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:971-979. [PMID: 34751916 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic resistance is considered as a serious therapeutic challenge for which a definitive remedy has not been discovered yet. Biofilm and persister cell formation are two well-studied phenotypic resistance phenomena, leading to the recalcitrance and relapse of different types of chronic infections. The presence of persister cells in biofilm structures seems to be one of the main factors contributing to the relapse of infections and treatment failure. Given the dormant and inert nature of persister cells, they can be easy targets for the immune system factors. Biofilm formation can be a survival strategy for the defenseless persister cells. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the expression of biofilm-associated genes in Enterococcus faecalis persister and non-persister cells. METHODS Vancomycin susceptibility and biofilm formation ability were investigated among 95 E. faecalis clinical isolates using microtiter broth dilution and microtiter plate assays, respectively. PCR was used to determine the presence of biofilm-related genes (gelE, esp, and agg) among the vancomycin-susceptible, biofilm producer E. faecalis isolates (91 isolates). Minimum bactericidal concentration for biofilms (MBCB) were determined for vancomycin using the MTP assay. Bacterial persister assay was performed using an enzymatic lysis assay. Finally, the expression of biofilm-related genes was compared between the persister and non-persister isolates of E. faecalis using real-time qPCR. RESULTS E. faecalis isolates showed a high level of susceptibility (95.8%) to vancomycin (MIC < 1 µg/mL). The gelE, esp, and agg genes were found in 91 (100%), 72 (79.12), and 74 (81.32) of the isolates, respectively. All the E. faecalis isolates were tolerant to vancomycin in the biofilm condition, showing a MBCB of > 2500 µg/mL. Based on the enzymatic lysis assay, only 3 isolates, out of the 91, had the ability to form persister cells. The expression of biofilm-associated genes was higher among the persister compared to non-persister E. faecalis isolates. CONCLUSIONS Biofilm-associated persister cells indicated a high vancomycin tolerance compared to non-persister cells. Moreover, persister isolates showed a higher tendency for biofilm formation and a higher expression level of the biofilm-associated genes, compared to non-persister isolates.
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Jha V, Purohit H, Dafale NA. Revealing the potential of Klebsiella pneumoniae PVN-1 for plant beneficial attributes by genome sequencing and analysis. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:473. [PMID: 34777930 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome sequencing of Klebsiella pneumoniae PVN-1, isolated from effluent treatment plant (ETP), generates a 5.064 Mb draft genome with 57.6% GC content. The draft genome assembled into 19 contigs comprises 4783 proteins, 3 rRNA, 44 tRNA, 8 other RNA, 4911 genes, and 73 pseudogenes. Genome information revealed the presence of phosphate metabolism/solubilizing, potassium solubilizing, auxin production, and other plant benefiting attributes like enterobactin and pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis genes. Presence of gcd and pqq genes in K. pneumoniae PVN-1 genome validates the inorganic phosphate solubilizing potential (528.5 mg/L). Pangenome analysis identified a unique 5'-Nucleotidase that further assists in enhanced phosphate acquisition. Additionally, the genetic potential for complete benzoate, catechol, and phenylacetate degradation with stress response and heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Ni, Co) resistance was identified in K. pneumoniae PVN-1. Functioning of annotated plant benefiting genes validates by the metabolic activity of auxin production (7.40 µg/mL), nitrogen fixation, catalase activity, potassium solubilization (solubilization index-3.47), and protease activity (proteolytic index-2.27). In conclusion, the K. pneumoniae PVN-1 genome has numerous beneficial qualities that can be employed to enhance plant growth as well as for phytoremediation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03020-2.
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Callegari M, Crotti E, Fusi M, Marasco R, Gonella E, De Noni I, Romano D, Borin S, Tsiamis G, Cherif A, Alma A, Daffonchio D. Compartmentalization of bacterial and fungal microbiomes in the gut of adult honeybees. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:42. [PMID: 33963194 PMCID: PMC8105395 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The core gut microbiome of adult honeybee comprises a set of recurring bacterial phylotypes, accompanied by lineage-specific, variable, and less abundant environmental bacterial phylotypes. Several mutual interactions and functional services to the host, including the support provided for growth, hormonal signaling, and behavior, are attributed to the core and lineage-specific taxa. By contrast, the diversity and distribution of the minor environmental phylotypes and fungal members in the gut remain overlooked. In the present study, we hypothesized that the microbial components of forager honeybees (i.e., core bacteria, minor environmental phylotypes, and fungal members) are compartmentalized along the gut portions. The diversity and distribution of such three microbial components were investigated in the context of the physico-chemical conditions of different gut compartments. We observed that changes in the distribution and abundance of microbial components in the gut are consistently compartment-specific for all the three microbial components, indicating that the ecological and physiological interactions among the host and microbiome vary with changing physico-chemical and metabolic conditions of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Callegari
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elena Crotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Fusi
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ramona Marasco
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elena Gonella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ivano De Noni
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Borin
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - George Tsiamis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Agrinion, Greece
| | - Ameur Cherif
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie Sidi Thabet (ISBST), BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Alberto Alma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Daniele Daffonchio
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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Ferreira FV, Musumeci MA. Trichoderma as biological control agent: scope and prospects to improve efficacy. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:90. [PMID: 33899136 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A major current challenge is to increase the food production while preserving natural resources. Agricultural practices that enhance the productivity and progressively improve the soil quality are relevant to face this challenge. Trichoderma species are widely used in agriculture to stimulate the plant growth and to control different pathogens affecting crops, representing useful tools for sustainable food production. This mini-review summarizes applications of Trichoderma strains in agriculture to control fungal pathogens, nematodes and insects, the involved biocontrol mechanisms, efficacy and inoculation forms in greenhouse, field and post-harvest conditions. Aspects of Trichoderma handling that influence on biocontrol efficacy such as preventive treatments, frequency of applications and delivery methods are discussed. Strategies useful to improve the antagonistic performance such as the use of native strains, protoplast fusion, formulation, growth on pathogen cell wall medium and combination with other antagonists in integrated treatments are discussed. This mini-review provides practical knowledge to design safe and optimal biocontrol strategies based on Trichoderma and pose challenges to expand its antagonist performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia V Ferreira
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Entre Ríos (CITER), Monseñor Tavella 1450 (E3202 BCJ), Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Matías A Musumeci
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Entre Ríos (CITER), Monseñor Tavella 1450 (E3202 BCJ), Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Monseñor Tavella 1450 (E3202 BCJ), Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
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Li S, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Li J, Li Y, Li H, Li W, Jia J, Ge S, Sun Y. Helicobacter pylori infection is correlated with the incidence of erosive oral lichen planus and the alteration of the oral microbiome composition. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:122. [PMID: 33879055 PMCID: PMC8059323 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP), a common clinical oral disease, is associated with an increased risk of malignant transformation. The mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of OLP is unknown. Oral dysbacteriosis is reported to be one of the aetiological factors of OLP. Although Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with various oral diseases, the correlation between H. pylori infection and OLP is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of H. pylori infection on OLP pathogenesis and oral microbiome composition in the Chinese population, which has a high incidence of H. pylori infection. RESULT In this study, saliva samples of 30 patients with OLP (OLP group) and 21 negative controls (NC group) were collected. H. pylori infection was detected using the carbon-13-labeled urea breath test (UBT). The saliva samples were divided into the following four groups based on the H. pylori status: H. pylori-positive OLP (OLP+), H. pylori-positive NC (NC+), H. pylori-negative OLP (OLP-), and H. pylori-negative NC (NC-). Oral microbiome compositions were significantly different between the OLP and NC groups and between the OLP- and OLP+ groups. Compared with those in the OLP- group, those in the OLP+ group had a higher incidence of erosive OLP and higher levels of salivary cytokines. In contrast, the oral microbiome composition and cytokine levels were not significantly different between the NC- and NC+ groups. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to demonstrate that H. pylori infection is significantly correlated with the pathogenesis of erosive OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yangheng Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zongcheng Yang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ya Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Huanjie Li
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jihui Jia
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Yundong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Bostanghadiri N, Ardebili A, Ghalavand Z, Teymouri S, Mirzarazi M, Goudarzi M, Ghasemi E, Hashemi A. Antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and biofilm-associated genes among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:151. [PMID: 33879237 PMCID: PMC8059177 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biofilm production, and the presence of biofilm genes among the S. maltophilia clinical isolates. A total of 85 clinical isolates of S. maltophilia were collected from patients referred to several hospitals. Susceptibility to antibiotics was investigated by disc diffusion method according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). By the crystal violet staining method, the capability of biofilm formation was examined. The genes associated with biofilm production were investigated by the PCR-sequencing techniques. Results All isolates were resistant to doripenem, imipenem, and meropenem. Minocycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and levofloxacin exhibited the highest susceptibility of 100%, 97.65%, and 95.29%, respectively. The results of crystal violet staining assay showed that all isolates (100%) form biofilm. Moreover, 24 (28.23%), 32 (37.65%), and 29 (34.12%) of isolates were categorized as weak, moderate, and strong biofilm producers, respectively. Biofilm genes including rpfF, spgM and rmlA had an overall prevalence of 89.41% (76/85), 100% (85/85) and 84.71% (72/85), respectively. Rational prescribing of antibiotics and implementation of infection control protocols are necessary to prevent further infection and development of antimicrobial resistance. Combination strategies based on the appropriate antibiotics along with anti-biofilm agents can also be selected to eliminate biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjess Bostanghadiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Ardebili
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ghalavand
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samane Teymouri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mirzarazi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Dang H, Zhang T, Wang Z, Li G, Zhao W, Lv X, Zhuang L. Differences in the endophytic fungal community and effective ingredients in root of three Glycyrrhiza species in Xinjiang, China. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11047. [PMID: 33854843 PMCID: PMC7953873 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endophytic fungi influence the quality and quantity of the medicinal plant’s bioactive compounds through specific fungus-host interactions. Nevertheless, due to the paucity of information, the composition of endophytic fungal communities and the mechanism by which effective ingredients regulate endophytic fungal communities in roots remains unclear. Methods In this study, we collected root and soil samples (depth range: 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) of three Glycyrrhiza species (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza inflata, and Glycyrrhiza glabra). Glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin content were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and total flavonoid content was determined using ultraviolet spectrophotometry. High-throughput sequencing technology was employed to explore the composition and diversity of the endophytic fungal community in different root segments of three Glycyrrhiza species. Furthermore, soil samples were subjected to physicochemical analyses. Results We observed that the liquiritin content was not affected by the root depth (0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, and 40–60 cm). Still, it was significantly affected by the Glycyrrhiza species (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza inflata, Glycyrrhiza glabra) (P < 0.05). In Glycyrrhiza root, a total of eight phyla and 140 genera were annotated so far, out of which Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla, and the Fusarium, Paraphoma, and Helminthosporium genera were found to be significantly dominant. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that liquiritin content was accountable for the differences in the diversity of the endophytic fungal community. Furthermore, distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) showed that physicochemical properties of the soil (available potassium and ammonium nitrogen) and the root factors (liquiritin and water content) were the main contributing factors for the variations in the overall structure of the endophytic fungal community. Our results showed that the effective ingredients of Glycyrrhiza root and physicochemical properties of the soil regulated the endophytic fungal community composition and medicinal licorice diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanli Dang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhongke Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenqin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinhua Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Afrasiabi S, Bahador A, Partoazar A. Combinatorial therapy of chitosan hydrogel-based zinc oxide nanocomposite attenuates the virulence of Streptococcus mutans. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:62. [PMID: 33622240 PMCID: PMC7903727 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biofilm formation is an important causative factor in the expansion of the carious lesions in the enamel. Hence, new approaches to efficient antibacterial agents are highly demanded. This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial-biofilm activity of chitosan hydrogel (CS gel), zinc oxide/ zeolite nanocomposite (ZnONC) either separately or combined together [ZnONC / CS gel (ZnONC-CS)] against Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Results MTT assay demonstrated that the ZnONC-CS exhibits a non-cytotoxic effect (> 90% cell viability) toward human gingival fibroblast cells at different dosages (78.1–625 μg/mL) within 72 h. In comparison with CS gel and ZnONC, ZnONC-CS was superior at biofilm formation and metabolic activity reduction by 33 and 45%, respectively; (P < 0.05). The field emission scanning electron microscopy micrographs of the biofilms grown on the enamel slabs were largely in concordance with the quantitative biofilm assay results. Consistent with the reducing effect of ZnONC-CS on biofilm formation, the expression levels of gtfB, gtfC, and ftf significantly decreased. Conclusions Taken together, excellent compatibility coupled with an enhanced antimicrobial effect against S. mutans biofilm has equipped ZnONC-CS as a promising candidate for dental biofilm control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Afrasiabi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Partoazar
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tigabu A, Jember A, Nega T, Wubishet G, Misganaw H, Goshu T, Negash M. Bacterial Meningitis Among Adult Patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:565-574. [PMID: 33623397 PMCID: PMC7895910 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s296792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial meningitis is a bacterial infection that causes inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. The most frequent causes of bacterial meningitis are Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Haemophilus influenzae. This study aimed to determine bacterial meningitis and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns among adult patients. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on records of 3,683 patients to determine bacterial meningitis and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns from 2011 to 2020. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected, inoculated on blood and chocolate agar plates, and then incubated at 37°c for 24 hours. Bacterial identification performed using morphological characters, Gram stain, and biochemical tests. And then antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique. Records of 3,683 culture results were collected and reviewed using a checklist from the registration book. Finally, data was entered, cleared, and checked using Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Results Of the 3,683 patients, the overall prevalence of culture-positive bacterial meningitis was 1.28% (47/3683). Of them, bacterial meningitis in males was 1.61% (33/2052). Streptococcus pneumoniae (32%, 15/47) was the commonest isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus, (12.80%, 6/47), Escherichia coli, (12.80%, 6/47), and Neisseria meningitidis, (10.60%, 5/47). Out of 47 culture-positive isolates, 15 of them were MDR isolates. Ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, clindamycin, and erythromycin were the most effective antibiotics whereas penicillin, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole were the least effective antibiotics for isolates. Gender (P = 0.047, AOR = 0.528, CI = 0.282–0.99) is significantly associated with bacterial meningitis. Conclusion The prevalence of bacterial meningitis among adult patients was 1.28%. Males are at high risk for bacterial meningitis compared to females. Therefore, infection preventive measures are required with a particular focus on adult patients. Further research is needed to explore the epidemiology and risk factors of bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiye Tigabu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abiyot Jember
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Temesgen Nega
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Wubishet
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Hana Misganaw
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Goshu
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Markos Negash
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Palma-Hidalgo JM, Jiménez E, Popova M, Morgavi DP, Martín-García AI, Yáñez-Ruiz DR, Belanche A. Inoculation with rumen fluid in early life accelerates the rumen microbial development and favours the weaning process in goats. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:11. [PMID: 33499992 PMCID: PMC7814744 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newborn ruminants possess an underdeveloped rumen which is colonized by microorganisms acquired from adult animals and the surrounding environment. This microbial transfer can be limited in dairy systems in which newborns are separated from their dams at birth. This study explores whether the direct inoculation of fresh or autoclaved rumen fluid from adult goats to newborn kids has a beneficial effect on rumen microbial development and function. RESULTS Repetitive inoculation of young kids with fresh rumen fluid from adult goats adapted to forage (RFF) or concentrate diets (RFC) accelerated microbial colonization of the rumen during the pre-weaning period leading to high protozoal numbers, a greater diversity of bacterial (+ 234 OTUs), methanogens (+ 6 OTUs) and protozoal communities (+ 25 OTUs) than observed in control kids (CTL) without inoculation. This inoculation also increased the size of the core bacterial and methanogens community and the abundance of key rumen bacteria (Ruminococcaceae, Fibrobacteres, Veillonellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Tenericutes), methanogens (Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, Methanomicrobium mobile and Group 9), anaerobic fungi (Piromyces and Orpinomyces) and protozoal taxa (Enoploplastron, Diplodinium, Polyplastron, Ophryoscolex, Isotricha and Dasytricha) before weaning whereas CTL kids remained protozoa-free through the study. Most of these taxa were positively correlated with indicators of the rumen microbiological and physiological development (higher forage and concentrate intakes and animal growth during the post-weaning period) favoring the weaning process in RFF and RFC kids in comparison to CTL kids. Some of these microbiological differences tended to decrease during the post-weaning period, although RFF and RFC kids retained a more complex and matured rumen microbial ecosystem than CTL kids. Inoculation with autoclaved rumen fluid promoted lower development of the bacterial and protozoal communities during the pre-weaning period than using fresh inocula, but it favored a more rapid microbial development during the post-weaning than observed for CTL kids. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that inoculation of young ruminants with fresh rumen fluid from adult animals accelerated the rumen microbial colonization which was associated with an earlier rumen functional development. This strategy facilitated a smoother transition from milk to solid feed favoring the animal performance during post-weaning and minimizing stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth Jiménez
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Milka Popova
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Diego Pablo Morgavi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | | | | | - Alejandro Belanche
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Schneider B, Hüttel B, Zübert C, Kube M. Genetic variation, phylogenetic relationship and spatial distribution of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi' strains in Germany. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21864. [PMID: 33318538 PMCID: PMC7736341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78745-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent survey in Germany revealed the wide presence of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi' in native elm stands. Accessions were studied for their genetic variability and phylogenetic relationship based on the conserved groEL and the variable imp gene. While the groEL sequences revealed a high intraspecific homology of more than 99%, the homology of the imp gene dropped to 71% between distantly related sequences. Twenty-nine groEL and 74 imp genotypes were distinguished based on polymorphic sites. Phylogenetic analysis of the groEL gene clustered all 'Ca. P. ulmi' strains and separated them from related phytoplasmas of the 16SrV group. The inferred phylogeny of the imp gene resulted in a different tree topology and separated the 'Ca. P. ulmi' genotypes into two clusters, one closely related to the flavescence dorée phytoplasma strain FD-D (16SrV-D), the other affiliated with the flavescence dorée phytoplasma strains FD-C and FD70 and the alder yellows phytoplasma (16SrV-C). In both phylograms, 'Ca. P. ulmi' genotypes from Scots elm trees formed a coherent cluster, while genotypes from European white elms and field elms grouped less strictly. The regional distribution pattern was congruent for some of the groEL and imp genotypes, but a strict linkage for all genotypes was not apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schneider
- Thuenen-Institute of Forest Genetics, 15377, Waldsieversdorf, Germany.
| | - B Hüttel
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Max Planck Genome Centre Cologne, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Zübert
- Department of Integrative Infection Biology Crops-Livestock, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Kube
- Department of Integrative Infection Biology Crops-Livestock, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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Ganeshkumar A, Suvaithenamudhan S, Rajaram R. In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of Ascorbic Acid Towards Lanosterol 14-α-Demethylase Enzyme of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans. Curr Microbiol 2020; 78:292-302. [PMID: 33170381 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the major concerns and the biggest threats to the world population. The incidents of antibiotic resistance in Candida spp. were frequently recorded. In the present investigation, antifungal potential of ascorbic acid (AA) was evaluated. According to the in vitro analysis, the zone of inhibition of AA (24.75 ± 0.35 mm) against C. albicans was greater as compared to other vitamins tested. AA significantly modulate the growth of C. albicans at 25 mg/ml. The highest percentage (94.67%) of cell viability was observed in untreated cells, and low cell viability (29.36%) was observed in cells treated with 50 mg/ml of AA (2 × MIC). Further, AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide), propidium iodide staining, and real-time qPCR confirmed the loss of membrane integrity due to membrane lesions that caused cell death. Lanosterol 14-α-demethylase (L-14α-DM) is the product of ERG11 and acted as superior drug target of C. albicans. Molecular docking analysis confirmed that active interaction of ascorbic acid with L-14α-DM. Based on the present investigation, the efficiency of AA was effectively proved through the in vitro and in silico analysis. This finding has evidenced the effectiveness of AA as a potential candidate against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Ganeshkumar
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Suvaiyarasan Suvaithenamudhan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Rajendran Rajaram
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India.
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Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Chen YJ, Papp V, Palla B, Papp D, Bhunjun CS, Hurdeal VG, Senwanna C, Manawasinghe IS, Harischandra DL, Gautam AK, Avasthi S, Chuankid B, Goonasekara ID, Hongsanan S, Zeng X, Liyanage KK, Liu N, Karunarathna A, Hapuarachchi KK, Luangharn T, Raspé O, Brahmanage R, Doilom M, Lee HB, Mei L, Jeewon R, Huanraluek N, Chaiwan N, Stadler M, Wang Y. One stop shop IV: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 76–100 (2020). FUNGAL DIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-020-00460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis is a continuation of a series focused on providing a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi and fungus-like organisms. This paper focuses on one family: Erysiphaceae and 24 phytopathogenic genera: Armillaria, Barriopsis, Cercospora, Cladosporium, Clinoconidium, Colletotrichum, Cylindrocladiella, Dothidotthia,, Fomitopsis, Ganoderma, Golovinomyces, Heterobasidium, Meliola, Mucor, Neoerysiphe, Nothophoma, Phellinus, Phytophthora, Pseudoseptoria, Pythium, Rhizopus, Stemphylium, Thyrostroma and Wojnowiciella. Each genus is provided with a taxonomic background, distribution, hosts, disease symptoms, and updated backbone trees. Species confirmed with pathogenicity studies are denoted when data are available. Six of the genera are updated from previous entries as many new species have been described.
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Zhang R, Dong N, Shen Z, Zeng Y, Lu J, Liu C, Zhou H, Hu Y, Sun Q, Cheng Q, Shu L, Cai J, Chan EWC, Chen G, Chen S. Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis reveals Flavobacteriaceae as potential ancestral source of tigecycline resistance gene tet(X). Nat Commun 2020; 11:4648. [PMID: 32938927 PMCID: PMC7494873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of tigecycline-resistance tet(X) gene orthologues rendered tigecycline ineffective as last-resort antibiotic. To understand the potential origin and transmission mechanisms of these genes, we survey the prevalence of tet(X) and its orthologues in 2997 clinical E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates collected nationwide in China with results showing very low prevalence on these two types of strains, 0.32% and 0%, respectively. Further surveillance of tet(X) orthologues in 3692 different clinical Gram-negative bacterial strains collected during 1994–2019 in hospitals in Zhejiang province, China reveals 106 (2.7%) tet(X)-bearing strains with Flavobacteriaceae being the dominant (97/376, 25.8%) bacteria. In addition, tet(X)s are found to be predominantly located on the chromosomes of Flavobacteriaceae and share similar GC-content as Flavobacteriaceae. It also further evolves into different orthologues and transmits among different species. Data from this work suggest that Flavobacteriaceae could be the potential ancestral source of the tigecycline resistance gene tet(X). Emergence of tigecycline-resistance tet(X) genes is of concern. Here, the authors determine tet(X) prevalence in more than 6,000 clinical Gram-negative bacterial isolates collected between 1994 to 2019 in hospitals in China and suggest that Flavobacteriaceae could be the potential ancestral source of the tigecycline resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhangqi Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiauyue Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qipeng Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, China
| | - Lingbing Shu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiachang Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Edward Wai-Chi Chan
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, China
| | - Gongxiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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