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Armbruster KM, Jiang J, Sartorio MG, Scott NE, Peterson JM, Sexton JZ, Feldman MF, Koropatkin NM. Identification and Characterization of the Lipoprotein N-acyltransferase in Bacteroides. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.31.596883. [PMID: 38853980 PMCID: PMC11160734 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.31.596883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Members of the Bacteroidota compose a large portion of the human gut microbiota, contributing to overall gut health via the degradation of various polysaccharides. This process is facilitated by lipoproteins, globular proteins anchored to the cell surface by a lipidated N-terminal cysteine. Despite their importance, lipoprotein synthesis by these bacteria is understudied. In E. coli, the α-amino linked lipid of lipoproteins is added by the lipoprotein N-acyltransferase Lnt. Herein, we have identified a protein distinct from Lnt responsible for the same process in Bacteroides, named lipoprotein N-acyltransferase in Bacteroides (Lnb). Deletion of Lnb yields cells that synthesize diacylated lipoproteins, with impacts on cell viability and morphology, growth on polysaccharides, and protein composition of membranes and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Our results not only challenge the accepted paradigms of lipoprotein biosynthesis in Gram-negative bacteria, but also support the establishment of a new family of lipoprotein N-acyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Armbruster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jiawen Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mariana G Sartorio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Jenna M Peterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Sexton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mario F Feldman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nicole M Koropatkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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2
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Wang L, Pan Y, Zhang X, Ren X. Comparative study the alleviated effects of various oligosaccharides on colitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112293. [PMID: 38795596 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides, namely, chitosan oligosaccharides (COS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and 2'-fucosyllactose (2-FL) were used to prevent the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in vivo based on antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory activities, further comparing their alleviating effects to investigate the optimal anti-inflammatory agent. The results showed COS demonstrated the highest antioxidant properties, with a DPPH scavenging rate of 37.4% and an ABTS scavenging rate of 46.4% in these oligosaccharides. Consequently, COS exhibited the best anti-inflammatory activities on inflamed RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the COS intervention demonstrated the best attenuated effects on decrease in the body weight and increase in DAI score, as well as on the overexpressed inflammatory factors and underexpressed short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) compare to FOS and 2-FL. Therefore, these beneficial changes help prevent the damage to the inflammatory lesions in colonic histopathology. Additionally, COS significantly increased the diversity of gut microbiota and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes at phylum level. It also up-regulated the abundance of Lactobacillaceae and down-regulated Helicobacteraceae and Desulfovibrionaceae more effectively at family level to maintain oral tolerance against DSS. In short, COS intervention could be a promising nutritional strategy for alleviating colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Wang
- College of Food and Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Yue Pan
- College of Food and Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xuejiao Ren
- College of Food and Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
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El Mouzan M, Al Mofarreh M, Alsaleem B, Al Sarkhy A, Alanazi A, Khormi M, Almasoud A, Assiri A. Bacterial dysbiosis in newly diagnosed treatment naïve pediatric ulcerative colitis in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2024:00936815-990000000-00078. [PMID: 38708883 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_66_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of microbiota in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) has been increasingly recognized. However, most of the reports are from Western populations. In Middle Eastern countries, including Saudi Arabia, little is known about the role of microbiota. Therefore, our aim was to describe the bacterial microbiota profile and signature in pediatric UC in Saudi Arabia. METHODS Twenty children with UC and 20 healthy controls enrolled in the study gave stool samples. Twenty rectal mucosal samples were taken from UC and 20 from non-UC controls. Inclusion criteria included newly diagnosed and untreated children and lack of antibiotic exposure for at least 6 months before stool collection was required for children with UC and controls. Bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted and sequenced using shotgun metagenomic analysis. Statistical analysis included Shannon alpha diversity metrics, Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, DESeq2, and biomarker discovery. RESULTS The demographic characteristics were similar in children with UC and controls. There was a significant reduction in alpha diversity (P = 0.037) and beta diversity in samples from children with UC (P = 0.001). Many taxa were identified with log2 abundance analysis, revealing 110 and 102 species significantly depleted and enriched in UC, respectively. Eleven bacterial species' signatures were identified. CONCLUSIONS In Saudi Arabian children with UC, we demonstrate a dysbiosis similar to reports from Western populations, possibly related to changes of lifestyle. Microbial signature discovery in this report is an important contribution to research, leading to the development of adjunctive non-invasive diagnostic options in unusual cases of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad El Mouzan
- Department of Pediatrics (Gastroenterology Unit), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Badr Alsaleem
- King Fahad Medical City, Intestinal Failure Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al Sarkhy
- Department of Pediatrics (Gastroenterology Unit), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziz Alanazi
- King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, Gastroenterology Unit, National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musa Khormi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh-1 Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almasoud
- Department of Pediatrics (Gastroenterology Unit), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Assiri
- Department of Pediatrics (Gastroenterology Unit), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Garrett S, Zhang Y, Xia Y, Sun J. Intestinal Epithelial Axin1 Deficiency Protects Against Colitis via Altered Gut Microbiota. ENGINEERING (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 35:241-256. [PMID: 38911180 PMCID: PMC11192507 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is maintained by specialized host cells and the gut microbiota. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is essential for gastrointestinal development and homeostasis, and its dysregulation has been implicated in inflammation and colorectal cancer. Axin1 negatively regulates activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, but little is known regarding its role in regulating host-microbial interactions in health and disease. Here, we aim to demonstrate that intestinal Axin1 determines gut homeostasis and host response to inflammation. Axin1 expression was analyzed in human inflammatory bowel disease datasets. To explore the effects and mechanism of intestinal Axin1 in regulating intestinal homeostasis and colitis, we generated new mouse models with Axin1 conditional knockout in intestinal epithelial cell (IEC; Axin1 ΔIEC) and Paneth cell (PC; Axin1 ΔPC) to compare with control (Axin1 LoxP; LoxP: locus of X-over, P1) mice. We found increased Axin1 expression in the colonic epithelium of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Axin1 ΔIEC mice exhibited altered goblet cell spatial distribution, PC morphology, reduced lysozyme expression, and enriched Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila). The absence of intestinal epithelial and PC Axin1 decreased susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in vivo. Axin1 ΔIEC and Axin1 ΔPC mice became more susceptible to DSS-colitis after cohousing with control mice. Treatment with A. muciniphila reduced DSS-colitis severity. Antibiotic treatment did not change the IEC proliferation in the Axin1 Loxp mice. However, the intestinal proliferative cells in Axin1 ΔIEC mice with antibiotic treatment were reduced compared with those in Axin1 ΔIEC mice without treatment. These data suggest non-colitogenic effects driven by the gut microbiome. In conclusion, we found that the loss of intestinal Axin1 protects against colitis, likely driven by epithelial Axin1 and Axin1-associated A. muciniphila. Our study demonstrates a novel role of Axin1 in mediating intestinal homeostasis and the microbiota. Further mechanistic studies using specific Axin1 mutations elucidating how Axin1 modulates the microbiome and host inflammatory response will provide new therapeutic strategies for human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Garrett
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yongguo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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5
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Xiao H, Yin D, Du L, Li G, Lin J, Fang C, Shen S, Xiao G, Fang R. Effects of pork sausage on intestinal microecology and metabolism in mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3413-3427. [PMID: 38111159 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Processed meat, as an important part of the human diet, has been recognized as a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Although numerous epidemiological reports supported the IARC's view, the relevant evidence of a direct association between processed meat and carcinogenicity has been insufficient and the mechanism has been unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of pork sausage (as a representative example of processed meat) intake on gut microbial communities and metabolites of mice. Microbial communities and metabolites from all groups were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometer (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), respectively. RESULTS The levels of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, Lactobacillus, Prevotella_9, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Alistipes, Blautia, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Allobaculum, Helicobacter, Desulfovibrio, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006 and Streptococcus (P < 0.05) were obviously altered in the mice fed a pork sausage diet. Twenty-seven metabolites from intestinal content samples and fourteen matabolites from whole blood samples were identified as potential biomarkers from multivariate analysis, including Phosphatidic acid (PA), Sphingomyelin (SM), Lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), Diglyceride (DG), D-maltose, N-acylamides and so forth. The significant changes in these biomarkers demonstrate metabonomic variations in pork sausage treated rats, especially carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. CONCLUSION The present study provided evidence that a processed meat diet can increase the risk of colorectal cancer and other diseases significantly by altering the microbial community structure and disrupting the body's metabolic pathways. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Chemical and Biological Processing Technology, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danhan Yin
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lidan Du
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaotian Li
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Fang
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaolin Shen
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan Institute of Measurement for Quality and Technique Supervision, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gongnian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Chemical and Biological Processing Technology, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruosi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Chemical and Biological Processing Technology, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Li J, Huang G, Wang J, Wang S, Yu Y. Hydrogen Regulates Ulcerative Colitis by Affecting the Intestinal Redox Environment. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:933-945. [PMID: 38370464 PMCID: PMC10871146 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s445152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The redox balance in the intestine plays an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and it is closely related to the intestinal mucosal barrier, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiota. Current research on the treatment of ulcerative colitis has focused on immune disorders, excessive inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, an imbalance in intestinal redox reaction plays a particularly critical role. Hydrogen is produced by some anaerobic bacteria via hydrogenases in the intestine. Increasing evidence suggests that hydrogen, as an inert gas, is crucial for immunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress and plays a protective role in ulcerative colitis. Hydrogen maintains the redox state balance in the intestine in ulcerative colitis and reduces damage to intestinal epithelial cells by exerting its selective antioxidant ability. Hydrogen also regulates the intestinal flora, reduces the harmful effects of bacteria on the intestinal epithelial barrier, promotes the restoration of normal anaerobic bacteria in the intestines, and ultimately improves the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier. The present review focuses on the therapeutic mechanisms of hydrogen-targeting ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juexin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Wang C, Zhao M, Xie J, Wang H, Gu Z, Sun F. Colon-Targeted Release of Gel Microspheres Loaded with Antioxidative Fullerenol for Relieving Radiation-Induced Colon Injury and Regulating Intestinal Flora. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301758. [PMID: 37657180 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced colitis is a serious clinical problem worldwide. However, the current treatment options for this condition have limited efficacy and can cause side effects. To address this issue, colon-targeted fullerenol@pectin@chitosan gel microspheres (FPCGMs) are developed, which can aggregate on colon tissue for a long time, scavenge free radicals generated in the process of radiation, and regulate intestinal flora to mitigate damage to colonic tissue. First, FPCGMs exhibit acid resistance and colon-targeted release properties, which reduce gastrointestinal exposure and extend the local colonic drug residence time. Second, fullerenol, which has a superior scavenging ability and chemical stability, reduces oxidative stress in colonic epithelial cells. Based on this, it is found that FPCGMs significantly reduce inflammation in colonic tissue, mitigated damage to tight junctions of colonic epithelial cells, and significantly relieved radiation-induced colitis in mice. Moreover, 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) sequencing results show that the composition of the intestinal flora is optimized after FPCGMs are utilized, indicating that the relative abundance of probiotics increases while harmful bacteria are inhibited. These findings suggest that it is a promising candidate for treating radiation-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Maoru Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiani Xie
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Hongping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
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Świrkosz G, Szczygieł A, Logoń K, Wrześniewska M, Gomułka K. The Role of the Microbiome in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis-A Literature Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3144. [PMID: 38137365 PMCID: PMC10740415 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the colon and rectum. UC's pathogenesis involves colonic epithelial cell abnormalities and mucosal barrier dysfunction, leading to recurrent mucosal inflammation. The purpose of the article is to show the complex interplay between ulcerative colitis and the microbiome. The literature search was conducted using the PubMed database. After a screening process of studies published before October 2023, a total of 136 articles were selected. It has been discovered that there is a fundamental correlation of a robust intestinal microbiota and the preservation of gastrointestinal health. Dysbiosis poses a grave risk to the host organism. It renders the host susceptible to infections and has been linked to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, with particular relevance to conditions such as ulcerative colitis. Current therapeutic strategies for UC involve medications such as aminosalicylic acids, glucocorticoids, and immunosuppressive agents, although recent breakthroughs in monoclonal antibody therapies have significantly improved UC treatment. Furthermore, modulating the gut microbiome with specific compounds and probiotics holds potential for inflammation reduction, while fecal microbiota transplantation shows promise for alleviating UC symptoms. This review provides an overview of the gut microbiome's role in UC pathogenesis and treatment, emphasizing areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Świrkosz
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland; (G.Ś.); (K.L.)
| | - Aleksandra Szczygieł
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland; (G.Ś.); (K.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Logoń
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland; (G.Ś.); (K.L.)
| | - Martyna Wrześniewska
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland; (G.Ś.); (K.L.)
| | - Krzysztof Gomułka
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland;
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Zou W, Fu Z, Guo X, Yao L, Hong H, Luo Y, Tan Y. Whey Protein Hydrolysate Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects to Alleviate Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-Induced Colitis via Microbiome Restoration. Nutrients 2023; 15:4393. [PMID: 37892468 PMCID: PMC10610201 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) has been shown to have a variety of bioactivities. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of WPH on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice. The results indicated that WPH intervention for 37 days was effective in delaying the development of colonic inflammation, and high doses of WPH significantly inhibited weight loss (9.16%, n = 8, p < 0.05), protected the colonic mucosal layer, and significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in mice with colitis (n = 8, p < 0.05). In addition, WPH intervention was able to up-regulate the short-chain fatty acids secretion and restore the gut microbiome imbalance in mice with colitis. Notably, high-dose WPH intervention increased the relative abundance of norank_f_Muribaculaceae by 1.52-fold and decreased the relative abundance of Romboutsia and Enterobacter by 3.77-fold and 2.45-fold, respectively, compared with the Model group. WPH intervention protected colitis mice mainly by reversing the microbiome imbalance and regulating the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I pathway. This study showed that WPH has anti-inflammatory activity and a promising colitis management future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.Z.); (Z.F.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zixin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.Z.); (Z.F.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- Department of Product and Development, Hebei Dongkang Dairy Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 052165, China; (X.G.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lei Yao
- Department of Product and Development, Hebei Dongkang Dairy Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 052165, China; (X.G.); (L.Y.)
| | - Hui Hong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.Z.); (Z.F.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongkang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.Z.); (Z.F.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuqing Tan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.Z.); (Z.F.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
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10
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Zhang C, Wang L, Liu X, Wang G, Guo X, Liu X, Zhao J, Chen W. The Different Ways Multi-Strain Probiotics with Different Ratios of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Relieve Constipation Induced by Loperamide in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4230. [PMID: 37836514 PMCID: PMC10574055 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Constipation is currently one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, and its causes are diverse. Multi-strain probiotics are often considered a more effective treatment than single-strain probiotics. In this study, a constipation model was constructed using loperamide hydrochloride to evaluate the ability of a multi-strain probiotic combination of four different ratios of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus to regulate intestinal flora, relieve constipation, and explore the initial mechanism in mice. After four weeks of probiotic intervention, BM1, BM2, and PB2 effectively relieved constipation; however, the pathways involved were different. The Bifidobacteria-dominated formulations BM1 and BM2 mainly changed the composition and structure of the intestinal flora and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Tyzzerella, Enterorhabdus, Faecalibaculum, Gordonibacter, and Mucispirillum in stool; increased the relative abundance of Parabacteroides and the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in stool; restored motilin (MTL) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels; and downregulated interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 levels in serum. This repaired the inflammatory response caused by constipation. Finally, it promoted peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract, increasing stool water content, and relieving constipation. While Lactobacillus-dominated formula PB2 mainly restored the levels of serum neurotransmitters (MTL, SP (substance P), VIP and PYY (Peptide YY)) and inflammatory factors (IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8), it significantly decreased the relative abundance of Tyzzerella, Enterorhabdus, Faecalibaculum, Gordonibacter and Mucispirillum in stool; it then increased acetic acid content, thereby reducing the level of inflammation and changing stool properties and gastrointestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (C.Z.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (C.Z.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (C.Z.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (C.Z.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Xinmei Guo
- JinQiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huai’an 223010, China; (X.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuecong Liu
- JinQiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huai’an 223010, China; (X.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (C.Z.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (C.Z.); (X.L.); (G.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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11
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Yue M, Huang J, Ma X, Huang P, Liu Y, Zeng J. Protopine Alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Improving Intestinal Barrier Function and Regulating Intestinal Microbiota. Molecules 2023; 28:5277. [PMID: 37446938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and its pathogenesis is related to intestinal mucosal barrier damage and gut microbiota imbalance. Protopine (PRO), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is one of the main anti-inflammatory ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine Macleaya cordata(Willd.) R. Br. This study investigated the effects of PRO on the intestinal mucosal barrier and gut microbiota in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice. C57BL/6J mice were treated with 3% DSS in drinking water to induce acute colitis, while PRO was administered orally once daily for 7 days. The results showed that PRO administration significantly alleviated the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice and inhibited the expression of inflammation-related genes. In addition, PRO restored the integrity of the intestinal barrier in colitis mice by restoring colonic mucin secretion and promoting the expression of tight junction proteins. Furthermore, PRO alleviated the DSS-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by decreasing the abundance of Proteobacteria, Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus, as well as enhancing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Firmicutes and Akkermansia. These findings suggested that PRO effectively alleviated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by suppressing the expression of inflammation-related genes, maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier and regulating the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meishan Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Jialu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiaolan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Peng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yisong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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12
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Du Y, Gao Y, Hu M, Hou J, Yang L, Wang X, Du W, Liu J, Xu Q. Colonization and development of the gut microbiome in calves. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:46. [PMID: 37031166 PMCID: PMC10082981 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonization and development of the gut microbiome are crucial for the growth and health of calves. In this review, we summarized the colonization, beneficial nutrition, immune function of gut microbiota, function of the gut barrier, and the evolution of core microbiota in the gut of calves of different ages. Homeostasis of gut microbiome is beneficial for nutritional and immune system development of calves. Disruption of the gut microbiome leads to digestive diseases in calves, such as diarrhea and intestinal inflammation. Microbiota already exists in the gut of calf fetuses, and the colonization of microbiota continues to change dynamically under the influence of various factors, which include probiotics, diet, age, and genotype. Colonization depends on the interaction between the gut microbiota and the immune system of calves. The abundance and diversity of these commensal microbiota stabilize and play a critical role in the health of calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Du
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ya Gao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mingyang Hu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiu Hou
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Linhai Yang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianghuang Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenjuan Du
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingbiao Xu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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13
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Zhao N, Liu C, Li N, Zhou S, Guo Y, Yang S, Liu H. Role of Interleukin-22 in ulcerative colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114273. [PMID: 36696801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic disease, in the progression of which an immune overreaction may play an important role. IL-22 is a member of the IL-10 superfamily of cytokines and is pleiotropic in immune regulation and inflammatory responses. IL-22 can produce protective effects, promote wound healing and tissue regeneration, while it can also induce inflammatory reactions when it is chronically overexpressed. Extensive literatures reported that IL-22 played an essential role in the pathogenic development of UC. IL-22 participates in the whole disease process of UC involving signaling pathways, gene expression regulation, and intestinal flora imbalance, making IL-22 a possible candidate for the treatment of UC. In this paper, the latest knowledge to further elucidate the role of IL-22 in UC was summarized and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Chuanguo Liu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Ning Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Shuang Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Yuting Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Shihua Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
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14
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Guo J, Shang X, Chen P, Huang X. How does carrageenan cause colitis? A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120374. [PMID: 36604052 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carrageenan is a common additive, but mounting studies have reported that it may cause or aggravate inflammation in the intestines. The safety of carrageenan remains controversial and its inflammatory mechanisms are unclear. In this review, the pathogenesis of colitis by carrageenans was discussed. We analyzed the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, followed that line of thought, the existing evidence of carrageenans causing colitis in cellular and animal models was summarized to draw its colitis pathogenesis. Two pathways were described including: 1) carrageenan changed the composition of intestinal microbiota, especially Akkermansia muciniphila, which destroyed the mucosal barrier and triggered the inflammatory immune response; and 2) carrageenan directly contacted with receptors on epithelial cells and activated the NF-κB inflammatory pathway. This review aim to provide guidance for exploring the treatment of colitis caused by carrageenan, and safe processing and utilization of carrageenan in food industry, which is worthy of study in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Guo
- College of Oceanology and Food Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Xuke Shang
- College of Oceanology and Food Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Peilin Chen
- College of Oceanology and Food Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Xiaozhou Huang
- College of Oceanology and Food Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
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15
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Chen J, Cai J, Lin J, Cheng Z, Long M. Inhibitory Effects of Bacillus Coagulans TL3 on the Ileal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Rats. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:84. [PMID: 36680608 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of Bacillus coagulans TL3 (B. coagulans TL3) on ileal inflammatory injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Animal models were established wherein male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, an LPS group, a high-concentration B. coagulans (HBC) group, and a low-concentration B. coagulans (LBC) group. The results showed that the biochemical indices changed, significant pathological changes were found, the number of apoptotic cells increased in the ileal tissue of the LPS group rats; the protein expressions of NFκB, MYD88, TLR4, TNF-α, Il-6, IL-1β, Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1 in the LPS group were significantly decreased. The biochemical indices, pathological changes, and protein expressions in rats subjected to intragastric administration with high or low concentrations of B. coagulans TL3, were significantly reversed compared with the LPS group. These results indicated that TL3 strain could protect rats against ileal oxidative stress and inflammation induced by LPS and the protective mechanism was related to inhibition of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) / myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jing Cai
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jiaxi Lin
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ziyang Cheng
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Miao Long
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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16
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Lee HL, Kim JM, Moon JH, Kim MJ, Jeong HR, Go MJ, Kim HJ, Eo HJ, Lee U, Heo HJ. Anti-Amnesic Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation Containing Corni fructus and Limosilactobacillus reuteri in DSS-Induced Colitis Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010090. [PMID: 36613533 PMCID: PMC9820465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the synbiotic activity between Corni fructus (C. fructus) and Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and cognitive dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice. C. fructus (as prebiotics, PRE), L. reuteri (as probiotics, PRO), and synbiotics (as a mixture of L. reuteri and C. fructus, SYN) were fed to mice for 3 weeks. Consumption of PRE, PRO, and SYN ameliorated colitis symptoms in body weight, large intestinal length, and serum albumin level. Moreover, SYN showed a synergistic effect on intestinal permeability and intestinal anti-inflammation response. Also, SYN significantly improved cognitive function as a result of measuring the Y-maze and passive avoidance tests in DSS-induced behavioral disorder mice. Especially, SYN also restored memory function by increasing the cholinergic system and reducing tau and amyloid β pathology. In addition, PRE, PRO, and SYN ameliorated dysbiosis by regulating the gut microbiota and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces. The bioactive compounds of C. fructus were identified with quinic acid, morroniside, loganin, and cornuside, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS2). In conclusion, synbiotic supplementation alleviated DSS-induced colitis and cognitive dysfunction by modulating gut microbiota, proinflammatory cytokines, and SCFAs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Lim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rin Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Go
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Eo
- Division of Special Forest Resources, Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Uk Lee
- Division of Special Forest Resources, Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(55)-7721907
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17
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Zhou P, Lai J, Li Y, Deng J, Zhao C, Huang Q, Yang F, Yang S, Wu Y, Tang X, Huang F, Wang L, Huang X, Zou W, Wu J. Methyl Gallate Alleviates Acute Ulcerative Colitis by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214024. [PMID: 36430509 PMCID: PMC9697899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a complex immune-mediated inflammatory disease. In recent years, the incidence of UC has increased rapidly, however, its exact etiology and mechanism are still unclear. Based on the definite anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of Sanguisorba officinalis L., we studied its monomer, methyl gallate (MG). In this study, we employed flow cytometry and detected nitric oxide production, finding MG regulated macrophage polarization and inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. MG also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity accompanying with ameliorating body weight loss, improving colon length and histological damage in dextran sulfate sodium-induced UC mice. Meanwhile, transcription sequencing and 16S rRNA sequencing analyzed the key signaling pathways and changes in the gut microbiota of MG for UC treatment, proving that MG could alleviate inflammation by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, MG altered the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota and changed the abundance of metabolic products. In conclusion, our results are the first to demonstrate that MG has obvious therapeutic effects against acute UC, which is related to macrophage polarization, improved intestinal flora dysbiosis and inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and MG may be a promising therapeutic agent for UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jia Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yueyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Junzhu Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chunling Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yuesong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Feihong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinwu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Wenjun Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (J.W.)
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18
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Xiao Y, Zhang F, Xu H, Yang C, Song X, Zhou Y, Zhou X, Liu X, Miao J. Cinnamaldehyde microcapsules enhance bioavailability and regulate intestinal flora in mice. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100441. [PMID: 36132744 PMCID: PMC9483564 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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19
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Lao L, Yang G, Zhang A, Liu L, Guo Y, Lian L, Pan D, Wu Z. Anti-inflammation and gut microbiota regulation properties of fatty acids derived from fermented milk in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7865-7877. [PMID: 36055856 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The by-products of milk fermentation by lactic acid bacteria provide potential health benefits to the balance of host intestinal microflora. In this study, the anti-inflammatory properties of fatty acids from monoculture-strain (Lactiplantibacillusplantarum A3) and multiple-strain (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and L. plantarum A3 1:1:2) fermented milk were evaluated in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, and the gut microbiota regulation properties of the fatty acids were also investigated. Results showed that fatty acids can attenuate the inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and blocking the phosphorylation of the JNK in MAPK signal pathway. In addition, the relative abundance of the taxa Akkermansia and Lactobacillus were both enriched after the fatty acid intervention. This finding suggests that fatty acids from the milk fermentation with mixed lactic acid bacteria starters can reduce the severity of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and enhance the abundance of the probiotics in the mice intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Lao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Guo Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Ao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Lianliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuxing Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Lian
- Ningbo Dairy Group, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
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20
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Wang S, Kang X, Alenius H, Wong SH, Karisola P, El-Nezami H. Oral exposure to Ag or TiO 2 nanoparticles perturbed gut transcriptome and microbiota in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113368. [PMID: 36087619 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Silver (nAg) and titanium dioxide (nTiO2) nanoparticles improve texture, flavour or anti-microbial properties of various food products and packaging materials. Despite their increased oral exposure, their potential toxicities in the dysfunctional intestine are unclear. Here, the effects of ingested nAg or nTiO2 on inflamed colon were revealed in a mouse model of chemical-induced acute ulcerative colitis. Mice (eight/group) were exposed to nAg or nTiO2 by oral gavage for 10 consecutive days. We characterized disease phenotypes, histology, and alterations in colonic transcriptome (RNA sequencing) and gut microbiome (16S sequencing). Oral exposure to nAg caused only minor changes in phenotypic hallmarks of colitic mice but induced extensive responses in gene expression enriching processes of apoptotic cell death and RNA metabolism. Instead, ingested nTiO2 yielded shorter colon, aggravated epithelial hyperplasia and deeper infiltration of inflammatory cells. Both nanoparticles significantly changed the gut microbiota composition, resulting in loss of diversity and increase of potential pathobionts. They also increased colonic mucus and abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila. Overall, nAg and nTiO2 induce dissimilar immunotoxicological changes at the molecular and microbiome level in the context of colon inflammation. The results provide valuable information for evaluation of utilizing metallic nanoparticles in food products for the vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Xing Kang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Harri Alenius
- Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Piia Karisola
- Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Nutrition and Health, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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21
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Gupta B, Rai R, Oertel M, Raeman R. Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Fatty Liver Disease: Roles of Microbiota, Mucosal Immune System, and Bile Acids. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:122-137. [PMID: 35738255 PMCID: PMC9307091 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a spectrum of progressive liver diseases ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Globally, NAFLD is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality associated with chronic liver disease, and NAFLD patients are at a higher risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While there is a consensus that inflammation plays a key role in promoting NAFLD progression, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Recent clinical and experimental evidence suggest that increased hepatic translocation of gut microbial antigens, secondary to diet-induced impairment of the intestinal barrier may be important in driving hepatic inflammation in NAFLD. Here, we briefly review various endogenous and exogenous factors influencing the intestinal barrier and present recent advances in our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal barrier dysfunction in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biki Gupta
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ravi Rai
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Oertel
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Reben Raeman
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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22
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Zhu T, Hu B, Ye C, Hu H, Yin M, Zhang Z, Li S, Liu Y, Liu H. Bletilla striata Oligosaccharides Improve Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Metabolites in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:867525. [PMID: 35548331 PMCID: PMC9081565 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.867525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of Bletilla striata oligosaccharides (BO) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). A UC mouse model was induced by 3% Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and BO (200 mg/kg/d) were administered for intervention. The results show that BO effectively inhibited the release of intestinal inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Also, BO profoundly elevated the secretion of mucins and the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins to attenuate dysfunction of the intestinal barrier. The 16S rDNA sequencing and liquid chromatography/gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC/GC-MS) analysis of mouse feces revealed that BO regulated the disturbance of gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites. By using the in vitro fermentation broth of BO and gut microbiota-depleted mice treated with antibiotics, we confirmed the protection of BO against UC. In conclusion, BO played a role in improving UC by modulating gut microbial composition and intestinal metabolites, which provided new therapeutic strategies for UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Zhu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Baifei Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- Wuhan Customs Technology Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiming Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuiqing Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanju Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yanju Liu, ; Hongtao Liu,
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yanju Liu, ; Hongtao Liu,
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23
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Roselli M, Maruszak A, Grimaldi R, Harthoorn L, Finamore A. Galactooligosaccharide Treatment Alleviates DSS-Induced Colonic Inflammation in Caco-2 Cell Model. Front Nutr 2022; 9:862974. [PMID: 35495925 PMCID: PMC9047546 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.862974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activities of dietary bioactive polysaccharides have been largely explored. Studies on the immunomodulating effects of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides have shown that they are able to modulate innate immunity. Prebiotics are a class of poorly digested carbohydrates that are mainly produced from dietary fibers, which are carbohydrate polymers with ten or more monomeric units as defined by the Codex Alimentarius Commission in 2009. Considering the capacity of prebiotics in reducing gut inflammation, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of galactooligosaccharide (Bimuno® GOS) in an in vitro model of ulcerative colitis (UC)-like inflamed intestinal cells. Differentiated Caco-2 cells were exposed to 2 % dextran-sulfate-sodium salt (DSS) to induce inflammation, and then with different concentrations of Bimuno GOS (1–1,000 μg/ml). Cell monolayer permeability, tight- and adherent junction protein distribution, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and NF-kB cascade were assessed. Bimuno GOS at different concentrations, while not affecting cell monolayer permeability, was shown to counteract UC-like intestinal inflammatory responses and damages induced by DSS. Indeed, Bimuno GOS was able to counteract the detrimental effects of DSS on cell permeability, determined by transepithelial electrical resistance, phenol red apparent permeability, and tight- and adherent junction protein distribution. Furthermore, Bimuno GOS inhibited the DSS-induced NF-kB nuclear translocation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Further analyses showed that Bimuno GOS was able to revert the expression levels of most of the proteins involved in the NF-kB cascade to control levels. Thus, the prebiotic Bimuno GOS can be a safe and effective way to modulate the gut inflammatory state through NF-kB pathway modulation, and could possibly further improve efficacy in inducing remission of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Roselli
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, CREA (Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria), Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Finamore
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, CREA (Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alberto Finamore
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24
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Molinero N, Taladrid D, Zorraquín-Peña I, de Celis M, Belda I, Mira A, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. Ulcerative Colitis Seems to Imply Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1513-1527. [PMID: 35723361 PMCID: PMC9164047 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurrent pathology of complex etiology that has been occasionally associated with oral lesions, but the overall composition of the oral microbiome in UC patients and its role in the pathogenesis of the disease are still poorly understood. In this study, the oral microbiome of UC patients and healthy individuals was compared to ascertain the possible changes in the oral microbial communities associated with UC. For this, the salivary microbiota of 10 patients diagnosed with an active phase of UC and 11 healthy controls was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (trial ref. ISRCTN39987). Metataxonomic analysis revealed a decrease in the alpha diversity and an imbalance in the relative proportions of some key members of the oral core microbiome in UC patients. Additionally, Staphylococcus members and four differential species or phylotypes were only present in UC patients, not being detected in healthy subjects. This study provides a global snapshot of the existence of oral dysbiosis associated with UC, and the possible presence of potential oral biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Molinero
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.); (D.T.); (I.Z.-P.); (B.B.)
| | - Diego Taladrid
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.); (D.T.); (I.Z.-P.); (B.B.)
| | - Irene Zorraquín-Peña
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.); (D.T.); (I.Z.-P.); (B.B.)
| | - Miguel de Celis
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Ignacio Belda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Alex Mira
- Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Department of Health and Genomics, FISABIO Foundation, 46020 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.); (D.T.); (I.Z.-P.); (B.B.)
| | - M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.); (D.T.); (I.Z.-P.); (B.B.)
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25
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Bacillus coagulans TL3 Inhibits LPS-Induced Caecum Damage in Rat by Regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and Nrf2 Signal Pathways and Modulating Intestinal Microflora. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5463290. [PMID: 35178157 PMCID: PMC8843965 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5463290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Bacillus coagulans has been widely used in food and feed additives, which can effectively inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, improve intestinal microecological environment, promote intestinal development, and enhance intestinal function, but its probiotic mechanism is not completely clear. Aim The aim of this study is to discuss the effect and mechanism of Bacillus coagulans TL3 on oxidative stress and inflammatory injury of cecum induced by LPS. Method The Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, each containing 7 animals. Two groups were fed with basic diet (the LPS and control, or CON, groups). The remaining groups were fed with basic diet and either a intragastric administration high or low dose of B. coagulans, forming the HBC and LBC groups, respectively. The rats were fed normally for two weeks. On the 15th day, those in the LPS, HBC, and LBC groups were injected intraperitoneally with LPS—the rats in the CON group were injected intraperitoneally with physiological saline. After 4 hours, all the rats were anesthetized and sacrificed by cervical dislocation, allowing samples to be collected and labeled. The inflammatory and antioxidant cytokine changes of the cecum were measured, and the pathological changes of the cecum were observed, determining the cecal antioxidant, inflammation, and changes in tight junction proteins and analysis of intestinal flora. Result The results show that LPS induces oxidative damage in the cecal tissues of rats and the occurrence of inflammation could also be detected in the serum. The Western blot results detected changes in the NF-κB- and Nrf2-related signaling pathways and TJ-related protein levels. Compared with the LPS group, the HBC group showed significantly downregulated levels of expression of Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, GPX, and GCLC. The expression of TLR4, MYD88, NF-κB, IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β was also significantly downregulated, while the expression of other proteins (ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1) increased significantly. Bacillus coagulans TL3 was also found to increase the relative abundance of the beneficial bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila in the intestines. There is also a significant reduction in the number of harmful bacteria Escherichia coli and Shigella (Enterobacteriaceae). Conclusion Bacillus coagulans TL3 regulates the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways in the cecal tissue of rats, protects the intestine from inflammation and oxidative damage caused by LPS, and inhibits the reproduction of harmful bacteria and promotes beneficial effects by regulating the intestinal flora bacteria grow, thereby enhancing intestinal immunity.
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26
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Li Y, Li N, Liu J, Wang T, Dong R, Ge D, Peng G. Gegen Qinlian Decoction Alleviates Experimental Colitis and Concurrent Lung Inflammation by Inhibiting the Recruitment of Inflammatory Myeloid Cells and Restoring Microbial Balance. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1273-1291. [PMID: 35237061 PMCID: PMC8884713 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s352706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ulcerative colitis (UC) as one of the intractable diseases in gastroenterology seriously threatens human health. Respiratory pathology is a representative extraintestinal manifestation of UC affecting the quality of life of patients. Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription for UC or acute lung injury. This study was aimed to reveal the therapeutic effect of GQD on UC and its pulmonary complications and uncover its molecular mechanism mediated by myeloid cells and microbiota. Methods Mice with DSS-induced colitis were orally administrated with GQD. Overall vital signs were assessed by body weight loss and disease activity index (DAI). Pulmonary general signs were evaluated by pulmonary pathology and lung function. The mechanism of GQD relieving UC was characterized by detecting myeloid cells (neutrophils, macrophages, inflammatory monocytes, and resident monocytes) in colonic and lung tissues, related inflammatory cytokines, as well as the microbiota in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and feces. Results GQD significantly reduced weight loss, DAI scores, and lung injury but improved the lung function of colitis mice. The DSS-induced colonic and concurrent pulmonary inflammation were also alleviated by GQD, as indicated by the down-regulated expressions of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CCR2, and CCL2) and the suppressed recruitment of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes. Meanwhile, GQD greatly improved intestinal microbiota imbalance by enriching Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 while decreasing Parabacteroides, [Eubacterium]_fissicatena_group, and Akkermansia in the feces of colitis mice. Expectantly, GQD also restored lung microbiota imbalance by clearing excessive Coprococcus 2 and Ochrobactrum in the BALF of colitis mice. Finally, significant correlations appeared between GQD-mediated specific bacteria and inflammatory cytokines or immune cells. Conclusion GQD could alleviate UC by decreasing excessive inflammatory myeloid cells and cytokines, and reshaping the microbiota between the colon and lung, which contributes to clarifying the mechanism by which GQD ameliorates colitis-associated pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruijuan Dong
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Ge
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiying Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guiying Peng, Email
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27
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Zhang C, Yao D, Su Z, Chen H, Hao P, Liao Y, Guo Y, Yang D. Copper/Zinc-Modified Palygorskite Protects Against Salmonella Typhimurium Infection and Modulates the Intestinal Microbiota in Chickens. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:739348. [PMID: 34956111 PMCID: PMC8696032 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.739348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Palygorskite (Pal), a clay nanoparticle, has been demonstrated to be a vehicle for drug delivery. Copper has antibacterial properties, and zinc is an essential micronutrient for intestinal health in animals and humans. However, whether copper/zinc-modified Pal (Cu/Zn-Pal) can protect chickens from Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection remains unclear. In this study, three complexes (Cu/Zn-Pal-1, Cu/Zn-Pal-2, and Cu/Zn-Pal-3) were prepared, and Cu/Zn-Pal-1 was shown to be the most effective at inhibiting the growth of S. Typhimurium in vitro, whereas natural Pal alone had no inhibitory effect. In vivo, Cu/Zn-Pal-1 reduced S. Typhimurium colonization in the intestine of infected chickens and relieved S. Typhimurium-induced organ and intestinal mucosal barrier damage. Moreover, this reduction in Salmonella load attenuated intestinal inflammation and the oxidative stress response in challenged chickens. Additionally, Cu/Zn-Pal-1 modulated the intestinal microbiota in infected chickens, which was characterized by the reduced abundance of Firmicutes and the increased abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Our results indicated that the Cu/Zn-Pal-1 complex may be an effective feed supplement for reducing S. Typhimurium colonization of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zenan Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pan Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Deji Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Huangfu LX, Cai XT, Yang JN, Wang HC, Li YX, Dai ZF, Yang RL, Lin XH. Irisin attenuates inflammation in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis by altering the intestinal microbiota. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1433. [PMID: 34707714 PMCID: PMC8543469 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiota, which consists of probiotics and pathogenic microorganisms, is involved in the initiation of ulcerative colitis (UC) via the dysregulation of intestinal microflora and normal immune interactions, which ultimately leads to intestinal mucosal dysfunction. Irisin is released from muscle cells and displays anti-inflammatory effects; however, the mechanisms underlying irisin-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in UC have not been previously reported. In the present study, mice were divided into the following four groups: i) Control; ii) irisin; iii) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) salt; and iv) DSS + irisin. Subsequently, the effects of irisin were investigated by observing alterations in intestinal microbes. Irisin significantly reduced the degree of inflammation in UC by reversing alterations to the macroscopic score, histological score, number of CD64+ cells and inflammatory cytokine alterations (P<0.05). Analysis of the microbial diversity in the stools of mice with active UC indicated that the five bacteria that displayed the greatest alterations in relative abundance were Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae-UCG-001, Prebotellaceae-UCG-001 and Rikenellaceae-RCB-gut-group. Furthermore, Bactoroides were positively correlated with the histopathological score (P=0.001; R=0.977) and interleukin (IL)-23 levels (P=0.008; R=0.924). Alloprevotella (P=0.001; R=-0.943), Lachnospiraceae-UCG-001 (P=0.000; R=-0.973) and Rikenollaceae-RC8-gut-group (P=0.001; R=-0.971) were negatively correlated with the histopathological score. Furthermore, Lachnospiraceae-UCG-001 (P=0.01; R=-0.873) and Rikenollaceae-RC8-gut-group (P=0.049; R=-0.814) were negatively correlated with IL-23 levels. In summary, the results of the present study suggested that irisin improved inflammation in a UC mouse model potentially via altering the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xin Huangfu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China.,Department of Geriatrics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Tong Cai
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Nan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xia Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Feng Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Lin Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Hong Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
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29
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Popov J, Caputi V, Nandeesha N, Rodriguez DA, Pai N. Microbiota-Immune Interactions in Ulcerative Colitis and Colitis Associated Cancer and Emerging Microbiota-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11365. [PMID: 34768795 PMCID: PMC8584103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the colonic mucosa. UC is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease along with Crohn's disease and presents with varying extraintestinal manifestations. No single etiology for UC has been found, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors is suspected. Research has focused on the role of intestinal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of UC, including the effects of dysbiosis on the integrity of the colonic mucosal barrier, priming and regulation of the host immune system, chronic inflammation, and progression to tumorigenesis. Characterization of key microbial taxa and their implications in the pathogenesis of UC and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) may present opportunities for modulating intestinal inflammation through microbial-targeted therapies. In this review, we discuss the microbiota-immune crosstalk in UC and CAC, as well as the evolution of microbiota-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Popov
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
- College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Valentina Caputi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Nandini Nandeesha
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
| | | | - Nikhil Pai
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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30
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Age and Giardia intestinalis Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091862. [PMID: 34576757 PMCID: PMC8469385 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis is a flagellated protozoan responsible for giardiosis (also called giardiasis in humans), the most prevalent and widespread parasitic infection in humans and mammals worldwide. The intestinal microbiota is highly diverse and any alteration in its composition may impact on the health of the host. While studies on the mouse model of giardiosis described the role of the gut microbiota in host susceptibility to infection by the parasite, little is known about the gut microbiota during natural infections in dogs and particularly in puppies. In this study, we monitored naturally G. intestinalis-infected puppies for 3 months and quantified cyst excretion every 2 weeks. All puppies remained subclinically infected during the sampling period as confirmed by fecal examination. In parallel, we performed 16S Illumina sequencing of fecal samples from the different time points to assess the impact of G. intestinalis infection on gut microbiota development of the puppies, as well as gut health markers of immunity such as fecal IgA and calprotectin. Sequencing results revealed that the canine fecal microbiota of Giardia-infected puppies becomes more complex and less diverse with increasing age. In addition, significant differences in the structure of the microbiota were observed between puppies with high and low Giardia cyst excretion. Chronic subclinical G. intestinalis infection appears to be associated with some detrimental structural changes in the gut microbiota. G. intestinalis-associated dysbiosis is characterized by an enrichment of facultative anaerobic, mucus-degrading, pro-inflammatory species and opportunistic pathogens, as well as a reduction of Lactobacillus johnsonii at specific time points. Calprotectin levels increased with age, suggesting the establishment of chronic low-grade inflammation in puppies. Further work is needed to demonstrate whether these alterations in the canine gut microbiota could lead to a dysbiosis-related disease, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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31
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He N, Yang Y, Wang H, Liu N, Yang Z, Li S. Unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides (UAOS) protects against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis associated with regulation of gut microbiota. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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32
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Ran B, Guo CE, Li W, Li W, Wang Q, Qian J, Li H. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fermentation liquid protects against alcoholic liver disease linked to regulation of liver metabolome and the abundance of gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2846-2854. [PMID: 33145761 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) refers to liver damage caused by long-term heavy drinking, which causes oxidative stress and changes in gut microbiota. In this paper, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of sea buckthorn fermentation liquid on ALD in mice and the interaction between ALD and gut microbiota using animal experiments and gut microbiota measurements. RESULTS We found that the contents of total flavonoids, total triterpenes and related short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in sea buckthorn fermentation liquid (SFL) were significantly greater. Liver index, kidney index, spleen index, serum indexes of liver injury - alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and spartate aminotransferase (AST), inflammatory factors in liver tissues - tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), oxidation indexes - malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid metabolism indexes - high-density liptein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG), suggested that SFL significantly ameliorates liver injury caused by alcohol. By measuring gut microbiota in mice feces samples, we found that the high-dose group of SFL reversed the declining trend of the gut microbiota Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio caused by alcohol, reducing the number of gram-negative bacteroidetes. Patescibacteria was tightly connected with the indicators of ALD. At the genus level, high-dose SFL significantly downregulated Akkermansia, Turicibacter, Alistipes and Ruminiclostridium, and improved the abundance of beneficial bacteria in Lactobacillus. In addition, Alistipes and Ruminiclostridium was closely connected with the indicators of ALD. CONCLUSION Sea buckthorn fermentation liquid protected against alcoholic liver disease and modulated the composition of gut microbiota. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Ran
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chang-E Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Weishi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinxiu Qian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
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Rahman S, Davids M, van Hamersveld PHP, Welting O, Rahaoui H, Schuren F, Meijer SL, van den Wijngaard RM, Hakvoort TBM, de Jonge WJ, Heinsbroek SEM. Dietary Curdlan Enhances Bifidobacteria and Reduces Intestinal Inflammation in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:1305. [PMID: 33920960 PMCID: PMC8071228 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucan consumption is known for its beneficial health effects, but the mode of action is unclear. While humans and mice lack the required enzymes to digest β-glucans, certain intestinal microbes can digest β-glucans, triggering gut microbial changes. Curdlan, a particulate β-glucan isolated from Alcaligenes faecalis, is used as a food additive. In this study we determined the effect of curdlan intake in mice on the intestinal microbiota and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation. The effect of curdlan on the human intestinal microbiota was assessed using i-screen, an assay for studying anaerobic microbial interactions. Mice received oral gavage with vehicle or curdlan for 14 days followed by DSS for 7 days. The curdlan-fed group showed reduced weight loss and colonic inflammation compared to the vehicle-fed group. Curdlan intake did not induce general microbiota community changes, although a specific Bifidobacterium, closely related to Bifidobacterium choerinum, was observed to be 10- to 100-fold more prevalent in the curdlan-fed group under control and colitis conditions, respectively. When tested in i-screen, curdlan induced a global change in the microbial composition of the healthy intestinal microbiota from a human. Overall, these results suggest that dietary curdlan induces microbiota changes that could reduce intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaque Rahman
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (O.W.); (R.M.v.d.W.); (T.B.M.H.); (W.J.d.J.)
| | - Mark Davids
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Patricia H. P. van Hamersveld
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (O.W.); (R.M.v.d.W.); (T.B.M.H.); (W.J.d.J.)
| | - Olaf Welting
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (O.W.); (R.M.v.d.W.); (T.B.M.H.); (W.J.d.J.)
| | - Hakim Rahaoui
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; (H.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Frank Schuren
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; (H.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Sybren L. Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - René M. van den Wijngaard
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (O.W.); (R.M.v.d.W.); (T.B.M.H.); (W.J.d.J.)
| | - Theodorus B. M. Hakvoort
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (O.W.); (R.M.v.d.W.); (T.B.M.H.); (W.J.d.J.)
| | - Wouter J. de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (O.W.); (R.M.v.d.W.); (T.B.M.H.); (W.J.d.J.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sigrid E. M. Heinsbroek
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (O.W.); (R.M.v.d.W.); (T.B.M.H.); (W.J.d.J.)
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Mishra R, Rajsiglová L, Lukáč P, Tenti P, Šima P, Čaja F, Vannucci L. Spontaneous and Induced Tumors in Germ-Free Animals: A General Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030260. [PMID: 33799911 PMCID: PMC8002107 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, bacteria, and immunity relationships are much-debated topics in the last decade. Microbiome’s importance for metabolic and immunologic modulation of the organism adaptation and responses has become progressively evident, and models to study these relationships, especially about carcinogenesis, have acquired primary importance. The availability of germ-free (GF) animals, i.e., animals born and maintained under completely sterile conditions avoiding the microbiome development offers a unique tool to investigate the role that bacteria can have in carcinogenesis and tumor development. The comparison between GF animals with the conventional (CV) counterpart with microbiome can help to evidence conditions and mechanisms directly involving bacterial activities in the modulation of carcinogenesis processes. Here, we review the literature about spontaneous cancer and cancer modeling in GF animals since the early studies, trying to offer a practical overview on the argument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbardhan Mishra
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (L.R.); (P.L.); (P.T.); (P.Š.); (F.Č.)
| | - Lenka Rajsiglová
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (L.R.); (P.L.); (P.T.); (P.Š.); (F.Č.)
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Lukáč
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (L.R.); (P.L.); (P.T.); (P.Š.); (F.Č.)
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Tenti
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (L.R.); (P.L.); (P.T.); (P.Š.); (F.Č.)
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Šima
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (L.R.); (P.L.); (P.T.); (P.Š.); (F.Č.)
| | - Fabián Čaja
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (L.R.); (P.L.); (P.T.); (P.Š.); (F.Č.)
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Vannucci
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (L.R.); (P.L.); (P.T.); (P.Š.); (F.Č.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-024-106-2394
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Cheng CK, Wang C, Shang W, Lau CW, Luo JY, Wang L, Huang Y. A high methionine and low folate diet alters glucose homeostasis and gut microbiome. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 25:100921. [PMID: 33537464 PMCID: PMC7838713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is considered as a risk factor for several complications, including cardiovascular and neurological disorders. A high methionine low folate (HMLF) diet chronically causes HHcy by accumulating homocysteine in the systemic circulation. Elevated Hcy level is also associated with the incidence of diabetes mellitus. However, very few studies focus on the impact of HMLF diet on glucose homeostasis, and that on gut microbiome profile. HHcy was induced by feeding C57BL/6 mice a HMLF diet for 8 weeks. The HMLF diet feeding resulted in a progressive body weight loss, and development of slight glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in HHcy mice. Notably, the HMLF diet alters the gut microbiome profile and increases the relative abundance of porphyromonadaceae family of bacteria in HHcy mice. These findings provide new insights into the roles of dysregulated glucose homeostasis and gut flora in the pathogenesis of HHcy-related complications.
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Key Words
- 16S rRNA sequencing
- Glucose homeostasis
- Gut microbiome
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HHcy, hyperhomocysteinemia
- HMLF diet
- HMLF, high methionine low folate
- Hcy, homocysteine
- Hyperhomocysteinemia
- LEfSe, linear discriminant analysis effect size
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NMDS, non-metric multi-dimensional scaling
- OTU, operational taxonomic unit
- PCA, principal component analysis
- Porphyromonadaceae
- SCFA, short-chain fatty acids
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Kwong Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenbin Shang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang-Yun Luo
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Drug Disposition in the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract: Targeting and Monitoring. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020161. [PMID: 33530468 PMCID: PMC7912393 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of colonic diseases calls for a better understanding of the various colonic drug absorption barriers of colon-targeted formulations, and for reliable in vitro tools that accurately predict local drug disposition. In vivo relevant incubation conditions have been shown to better capture the composition of the limited colonic fluid and have resulted in relevant degradation and dissolution kinetics of drugs and formulations. Furthermore, drug hurdles such as efflux transporters and metabolising enzymes, and the presence of mucus and microbiome are slowly integrated into drug stability- and permeation assays. Traditionally, the well characterized Caco-2 cell line and the Ussing chamber technique are used to assess the absorption characteristics of small drug molecules. Recently, various stem cell-derived intestinal systems have emerged, closely mimicking epithelial physiology. Models that can assess microbiome-mediated drug metabolism or enable coculturing of gut microbiome with epithelial cells are also increasingly explored. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the colonic physiology in relation to drug absorption, and review colon-targeting formulation strategies and in vitro tools to characterize colonic drug disposition.
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Zhang L, Gui S, Xu Y, Zeng J, Wang J, Chen Q, Su L, Wang Z, Deng R, Chu F, Liu W, Jin X, Lu X. Colon tissue-accumulating mesoporous carbon nanoparticles loaded with Musca domestica cecropin for ulcerative colitis therapy. Theranostics 2021; 11:3417-3438. [PMID: 33537095 PMCID: PMC7847694 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a modern refractory disease with steadily increasing incidence worldwide that urgently requires effective and safe therapies. Therapeutic peptides delivered using nanocarriers have shown promising developments for the treatment of UC. We developed a novel colon-accumulating oral drug delivery nanoplatform consisting of Musca domestica cecropin (MDC) and mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCNs) and investigated its effects and mechanism of action for the treatment of UC. Methods: An optimized one-step soft templating method was developed to synthesize MCNs, into which MDC was loaded to fabricate MDC@MCNs. MCNs and MDC@MCNs were characterized by BET, XRD, and TEM. MDC and MDC@MCNs resistance to trypsin degradation was measured through Oxford cup antibacterial experiments using Salmonella typhimurium as the indicator. Uptake of MDC and MDC@MCNs by NCM460 cells was observed by fluorescence microscopy. The biocompatibility of MDC, MCNs, and MDC@MCNs was evaluated in three cell lines (NCM460, L02, and NIH3T3) and C57BL/6 mice. Dextran sulphate sodium was used to establish models of NCM460 cell injury and UC in mice. MTT assay, flow cytometry, and mitochondrial membrane potential assay were applied to determine the effects of MDC@MCNs on NCM460 cells injury. Additionally, a variety of biological methods such as H&E staining, TEM, ELISA, qPCR, Western blotting, and 16s rDNA sequencing were performed to explore the effects and underlying mechanism of MDC@MCN on UC in vivo. Colonic adhesion of MCNs was compared in normal and UC mice. The oral biodistributions of MDC and MDC@MCNs in the gastrointestinal tract of mice were also determined. Results: MDC@MCNs were successfully developed and exhibited excellent ability to resist destruction by trypsin and were taken up by NCM460 cells more readily than MDC. In vitro studies showed that MDC@MCNs better inhibited DSS-induced NCM460 cells damage with lower toxicity to L02 and NIH3T3 cells compared with MDC. In vivo results indicated that MDC@MCNs have good biocompatibility and significantly improved colonic injury in UC mice by effectively inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, maintaining colonic tight junctions, and regulating intestinal flora. Moreover, MDC@MCNs were strongly retained in the intestines, which was attributed to intestinal adhesion and aggregation of MCNs, serving as one of the important reasons for its enhanced efficacy after oral administration compared with MDC. Conclusion: MDC@MCNs alleviated DSS-induced UC by ameliorating colonic epithelial cells damage, inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, enhancing colonic tight junctions, and regulating intestinal flora. This colon-accumulating oral drug delivery nanoplatform may provide a novel and precise therapeutic strategy for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuiqing Gui
- Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingru Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqian Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujiang Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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Li GH, Huang SJ, Li X, Liu XS, Du QL. Response of gut microbiota to serum metabolome changes in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant patients. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7338-7351. [PMID: 33362388 PMCID: PMC7739160 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i46.7338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy (ICP) is the most common liver disease during pregnancy, and its exact etiology and course of progression are still poorly understood.
AIM To investigate the link between the gut microbiota and serum metabolome in ICP patients.
METHODS In this study, a total of 30 patients were recruited, including 15 patients with ICP (disease group) and 15 healthy pregnant patients (healthy group). The serum nontarget metabolomes from both groups were determined. Amplification of the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region was performed using fecal samples from the disease and healthy groups. By comparing the differences in the microbiota and metabolite compositions between the two groups, the relationship between the gut microbiota and serum metabolites was also investigated.
RESULTS The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis results showed that the primary bile acid biosynthesis, bile secretion and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathways were enriched in the ICP patients compared with the healthy controls. In addition, some pathways related to protein metabolism were also enriched in the ICP patients. The principal coordination analysis results showed that there was a distinct difference in the gut microbiota composition (beta diversity) between the ICP patients and healthy controls. At the phylum level, we observed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes was higher in the healthy group, while Bacteroidetes were enriched in the disease group. At the genus level, most of the bacteria depleted in ICP are able to produce short-chain fatty acids (e.g., Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Eubacterium hallii), while the bacteria enriched in ICP are associated with bile acid metabolism (e.g., Parabacteroides and Bilophila). Our results also showed that specific genera were associated with the serum metabolome.
CONCLUSION Our study showed that the serum metabolome was altered in ICP patients compared to healthy controls, with significant differences in the bile, taurine and hypotaurine metabolite pathways. Alterations in the metabolization of these pathways may lead to disturbances in the gut microbiota, which may further affect the course of progression of ICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Li
- Department of Reproductive Immunology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shi-Jia Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Song Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qiao-Ling Du
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
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Mukherjee A, Lordan C, Ross RP, Cotter PD. Gut microbes from the phylogenetically diverse genus Eubacterium and their various contributions to gut health. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1802866. [PMID: 32835590 PMCID: PMC7524325 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1802866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades our understanding of the gut microbiota and its contribution to health and disease has been transformed. Among a new 'generation' of potentially beneficial microbes to have been recognized are members of the genus Eubacterium, who form a part of the core human gut microbiome. The genus consists of phylogenetically, and quite frequently phenotypically, diverse species, making Eubacterium a taxonomically unique and challenging genus. Several members of the genus produce butyrate, which plays a critical role in energy homeostasis, colonic motility, immunomodulation and suppression of inflammation in the gut. Eubacterium spp. also carry out bile acid and cholesterol transformations in the gut, thereby contributing to their homeostasis. Gut dysbiosis and a consequently modified representation of Eubacterium spp. in the gut, have been linked with various human disease states. This review provides an overview of Eubacterium species from a phylogenetic perspective, describes how they alter with diet and age and summarizes its association with the human gut and various health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Mukherjee
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Cathy Lordan
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease activity in children using serum trefoil factor peptide. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:792-795. [PMID: 32120375 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of IBD and evaluation of treatment require endoscopy, which is difficult in children. This study evaluated the use of TFF3 as a biomarker. METHODS Permeability of the intestinal mucosa and serum TFF3 were assayed and colon tissue was harvested 7 days after inducing IBD in mice with TNBSA. TFF3 was monitored in 51 pediatric IBD patients stratified by active disease or remission and in 20 healthy children. Mucosal healing was assessed by the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn Disease and Baron scores in CD and UC patients. RESULTS Histological evaluation revealed transmural inflammation of the colon in IBD model mice. Permeability of the intestinal mucosa and serum TFF3 were both higher in TNBSA-treated than in control mice (P < 0.05). TFF3 was higher in children with active IBD than in those in remission and in healthy children (P < 0.05). TFF3 was positively correlated with the SES-CD score (P < 0.05) but not with either the pediatric CDAI score or the serum CRP. The sensitivity of serum TFF3 for monitoring CD activity was 100% and the specificity was 76.2%. CONCLUSIONS TFF3 level increased with CD activity, which is of significance for diagnosis and for evaluation of mucosal healing. TFF3 could also be a marker in pediatric UC, as TFF3 positively correlated with UCAI. IMPACT The diagnosis and evaluation of IBD is difficult; endoscopy provides objective assessment; TFF3 can be a useful marker instead of endoscopy. TFF3 was increased in active CD of children; TFF3 can be used as a clinical marker of pediatric CD; TFF3 can diagnose and evaluate mucosal healing of CD. Pediatrician should pay attention to clinical marker; TFF3 level may be a key evaluation of mucosal healing of CD; the value of diagnosis of TFF3 in CD is important.
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Peng L, Gao X, Nie L, Xie J, Dai T, Shi C, Tao L, Wang Y, Tian Y, Sheng J. Astragalin Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Acute Experimental Colitis by Alleviating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Inhibiting NF-κB Activation in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2058. [PMID: 33042117 PMCID: PMC7523281 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the ulcerative colitis (UC) incidence increasing worldwide, it is of great importance to prevent and treat UC. However, efficient treatment options for UC are relatively limited. Due to the potentially serious adverse effects of existing drugs, there is an increasing demand for alternative candidate resources derived from natural and functional foods. Astragalin (AG) is a type of anti-inflammatory flavonoid, with Moringa oleifera and Cassia alata being its main sources. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of AG on mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Our results suggested that AG treatment reduced weight loss and the disease activity index (DAI), prevented colon shortening and alleviated colonic tissue damage. AG treatment reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and related mRNAs (such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), inhibited colonic infiltration by macrophages and neutrophils, ameliorated metabolic endotoxemia, and improved intestinal mucosal barrier function (increased expression levels of mRNAs such as ZO-1, occludin, and Muc2). Western blot analysis revealed that AG downregulated the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, AG treatment partially reversed the alterations in the gut microbiota in colitis mice, mainly by increasing the abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria (such as Ruminococcaceae) and decreasing the abundance of potentially harmful bacteria (such as Escherichia-Shigella). Ruminococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia-Shigella) were thought to be the key groups affected by AG to improve UC. Therefore, AG might exert a good anti-UC effect through microbiota/LPS/TLR4/NF-kB-related pathways in mice. The results of this study reveal the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of AG and provide an important reference for studying the mechanisms of natural flavonoids involved in preventing inflammation-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Research Institute of Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Research Institute of Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Long Nie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tianyi Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chongying Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Yunnan Province Research Institute of Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Chen JC. Research progress on regulation of intestinal mucosal barrier of patients with ulcerative colitis with traditional Chinese medicine. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:725-729. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i15.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease. Intestinal mucosal barrier structure damage and functional imbalance are important mechanisms for its occurrence and development. Modern research has confirmed that many traditional Chinese medicines have the functions of regulating inflammatory cells, promoting the secretion of immunologically active substances, and maintaining the intestinal microbial ecology. They are of great significance for the maintenance and repair of the intestinal mucosal barrier. This article elaborates the regulatory effect and mechanisms of single compositions of Chinese materia medica and compound prescriptions on the mucosal barrier of patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated First Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zhang Y, Tan L, Li C, Wu H, Ran D, Zhang Z. Sulforaphane alter the microbiota and mitigate colitis severity on mice ulcerative colitis induced by DSS. AMB Express 2020; 10:119. [PMID: 32621086 PMCID: PMC7334330 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a kind of natural isothiocyanate, which exists in cruciferous plants. Only few studies were about the anti-inflammatory effects of sulforaphane in ulcerative colitis. In this study, our purpose is to explore the effects of sulforaphane on the intestinal microbial community of UC mice. The severity of mice colitis were measured by colon length, survial rate, body weight and disease activity index (DAI) score. Histological and morphological evaluation of colon tissues were performed by HE. 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing was used to analyza the changes of mouse flora. The variety of flora expression were explored using quantitative PCR. Sulforaphane treated mice had larger body weight and longer colon length than DSS-induced mice. The colon tissues of DSS group showed congestion and edema. Meanwhile, treatment with sulforaphane effectively reducted the damage scores and MPO activity. Sulforaphane reversed DSS-induced gut dysbiosis. Sulforaphane would shift the balance to Butyricicoccus on inflammation. The possible anti-inflammatory mechanism of sulforaphane is to coordinate with the probiotics such as Butyricicoccus. In summary, these findings proved that sulforaphane might be a useful content and serve as a potential therapy in the treatment of UC.
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Jia K, Wang Y, Tong X, Wang R. KGF Is Delivered to Inflammatory and Induces the Epithelial Hyperplasia in Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:217-231. [PMID: 32021106 PMCID: PMC6970615 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s227651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction KGF-modified MSCs can promote the repair of spinal cord injury and pulmonary fibrosis injury in rats. However, the effect of KGF-modified MSCs on UC rats is unclear. We aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of KGF gene-modified MSCs on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced UC rats. Methods The lentivirus-mediated KGF gene was introduced into bone marrow MSCs of male rats. Female SD rats were induced to establish a UC model by TNBS. Untreated MSCs, MSCs carrying empty vectors (MSCs-vec) or MSCs carrying KGF gene (MSCs-KGF) were transplanted into UC rats by tail vein injection. Results Significantly high expression of KGF was observed in the intestinal tissues of the MSCs-KGF group. Compared with the challenged control group, the DAI score, CMDI score and TDI score of the MSCs group, MSCs-vec group and MSCs-KGF group were markedly lower. Treatment with MSCs obviously promoted the expression of claudin-1 and PCNA in intestinal tissues of UC rats. Simultaneously, compared with the challenged control group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in the intestinal tissues of the MSCs groups were significantly decreased, while the levels of IL-10 were significantly increased. Most importantly, we found that MSCs-KGF significantly improved colonic morphology and tissue damage and inflammation in UC rats compared with MSCs and MSCs-vec. Further analysis showed that MSCs-KGF clearly promoted phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt and inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB in intestinal tissues of UC rats. Discussion MSCs, especially KGF-modified MSCs, can improve colonic tissue damage in UC rats by promoting intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and reducing colonic inflammatory response, which may be related to activation of PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibition of NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jia
- Department of Nutrition, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Nutrition, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Yuan Z, Yang L, Zhang X, Ji P, Wei Y. Therapeutic effect of n-butanol fraction of Huang-lian-Jie-du Decoction on ulcerative colitis and its regulation on intestinal flora in colitis mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109638. [PMID: 31810136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Huang-lian-Jie-du Decoction (HLJDD) is a classical prescription for clearing away heat and detoxification. In order to screen the effective fraction of HLJDD in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice and explore its effects on intestinal flora in UC mice, we prepared different polar fractions of HLJDD by system solvent extraction method. Subsequently, the contents of 13 active compounds in different polar fractions of HLJDD were determined by HPLC. Further, the UC model induced by dextran sodium sulfate was used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of different polar fractions of HLJDD. Finally, cecal contents were used for sequencing and analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The results showed that the yield of HLJDD-n-butanol (HLJDD-NBA) fraction was the highest, and the content or proportion of 13 active compounds in HLJDD-NBA fraction were the most similar to HLJDD. In addition, in vivo pharmacodynamic experiments showed that HLJDD-NBA intervention not only significantly alleviated the clinical symptoms of UC mice and ameliorated the pathological damage of colon tissue, but also showed significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects (p < 0.05), which were comparable to HLJDD (p > 0.05). Moreover, both HLDD and HLJDD-NBA treatments can restore the intestinal flora homeostasis of UC mice by inhibiting the growth of intestinal pathogens and preventing the decrease of beneficial bacteria. Meanwhile, they can also significantly correct the dysfunction of intestinal flora in UC mice. In conclusion, we proved that HLJDD-NBA fraction is an effective fraction of HLJDD in treating UC in mice, and it can maintain the intestinal flora homeostasis of UC mice, which increases our understanding of the mechanism of HLJDD in treating UC and lays a foundation for the development of new anti-ulcer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanming Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
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Pei LY, Ke YS, Zhao HH, Liu WZ, Wang L, Jia C, Shi MN, Fu QH, Cui J, Li SC. Regulatory effect of Garidisan on dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in the mouse model of ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:329. [PMID: 31752807 PMCID: PMC6873523 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a modern refractory disease, and its etiology has been difficult to discern. Studies have shown that UC is closely associated with the gut microbiota. Garidisan is composed of wild poppy and Artemisia frigida Willd and is commonly used for the treatment of UC in Inner Mongolia, China. In clinical settings, Garidisan has been found to treat UC effectively, with low recurrence. Previous studies have shown that Garidisan has a good therapeutic effect on mice with UC, but the therapeutic mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effect of Garidisan on dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in a UC mouse model and explored the possible mechanism of the therapeutic effect of Garidisan on UC. Methods The UC mouse model was established by the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) circulating free water drinking method, and the luminal contents were sampled under sterile conditions. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3 + V4 region of the luminal contents of the control group, model group, and Garidisan group was conducted, and clustering of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and species annotation were performed. The differences in species composition and microbial community structure between individual groups of samples were analyzed using MetaStat, LefSe, rank sum test, and Bayesian causal network analysis. Results The UC mouse model was successfully established and the sequencing results were of adequate quality. There were significant differences in the diversity of luminal contents between the control group, model group, and Garidisan group, and the differences between groups were greater than those within any group. The therapeutic effect of Garidisan on UC is attributed to the direct effect on the Lachnospiraceae family of bacteria. Conclusion Garidisan has a good regulatory effect on the gut microbiota, and Lachnospiraceae could be an important direct target of Garidisan for the treatment of UC.
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Iannone LF, Preda A, Blottière HM, Clarke G, Albani D, Belcastro V, Carotenuto M, Cattaneo A, Citraro R, Ferraris C, Ronchi F, Luongo G, Santocchi E, Guiducci L, Baldelli P, Iannetti P, Pedersen S, Petretto A, Provasi S, Selmer K, Spalice A, Tagliabue A, Verrotti A, Segata N, Zimmermann J, Minetti C, Mainardi P, Giordano C, Sisodiya S, Zara F, Russo E, Striano P. Microbiota-gut brain axis involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:1037-1050. [PMID: 31260640 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1638763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The microbiota-gut brain (MGB) axis is the bidirectional communication between the intestinal microbiota and the brain. An increasing body of preclinical and clinical evidence has revealed that the gut microbial ecosystem can affect neuropsychiatric health. However, there is still a need of further studies to elucidate the complex gene-environment interactions and the role of the MGB axis in neuropsychiatric diseases, with the aim of identifying biomarkers and new therapeutic targets, to allow early diagnosis and improving treatments. Areas covered: To review the role of MGB axis in neuropsychiatric disorders, prediction and prevention of disease through exploitation, integration, and combination of data from existing gut microbiome/microbiota projects and appropriate other International '-Omics' studies. The authors also evaluated the new technological advances to investigate and modulate, through nutritional and other interventions, the gut microbiota. Expert opinion: The clinical studies have documented an association between alterations in gut microbiota composition and/or function, whereas the preclinical studies support a role for the gut microbiota in impacting behaviors which are of relevance to psychiatry and other central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Targeting MGB axis could be an additional approach for treating CNS disorders and all conditions in which alterations of the gut microbiota are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Francesco Iannone
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Alberto Preda
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute , Genova , Italy
| | - Hervé M Blottière
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, JouyenJosas&MetaGenoPolis, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , Jouyen Josas , France
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Marco Carotenuto
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Napoli , Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli , Brescia , Italy.,Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry , King's College , London
| | - Rita Citraro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Cinzia Ferraris
- Human Nutrition and Eating Disorder Research Center, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Francesca Ronchi
- Department forBiomedical Research, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Gaia Luongo
- Ordine dei Tecnologi Alimentari Campania e Lazio , Napoli , Italy
| | | | - Letizia Guiducci
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology , Pisa , Italy
| | - Pietro Baldelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology, University of Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Paola Iannetti
- Department of Pediatrics`, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Sigrid Pedersen
- Department of Refractory Epilepsy, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry - Core Facilities, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova , Italy
| | - Stefania Provasi
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli , Brescia , Italy
| | - Kaja Selmer
- Department of Research and Development, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Osla, Norway and Department of Refractory Epilepsy, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital , Osla , Norway
| | - Alberto Spalice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology, University of Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Anna Tagliabue
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry , King's College , London
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Nicola Segata
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento , Trento , Italy
| | - Jakob Zimmermann
- Human Nutrition and Eating Disorder Research Center, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Carlo Minetti
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute , Genova , Italy
| | | | - Carmen Giordano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Sanjay Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology , Queen Square, London , UK
| | - Federico Zara
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova , Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute , Genova , Italy
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