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Rojas OC, Montoya AM, Treviño-Rangel RDJ. Clavispora lusitaniae: From a saprophytic yeast to an emergent pathogen. Fungal Biol 2024; 128:1933-1938. [PMID: 39059848 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Clavispora lusitaniae has been isolated from different substrates, such as soil, water, fruit, vegetables, plants, and the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans. However, its importance lies in being isolated from in invasive infections, particularly in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies. It is an emerging nosocomial pathogen commonly associated with fatal prognosis in immunocompromised hosts. C. lusitaniae has attracted attention in the last decade because of resistance to amphotericin B, 5- flucytosine, and fluconazole. The adaptations of this yeast to the human host may contribute to its pathogenicity. Further study will be needed to understand C. lusitaniae's ability as a potential pathogen. This mini-review highlights the importance of the growing number of invasive disease cases caused by this yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga C Rojas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Dr. José Eleuterio González 235, Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey, NL, 64460, Mexico; Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Monterrey, Av. Ignacio Morones Prieto 4500 Pte, San Pedro Garza García, NL, 66238, Mexico.
| | - Alexandra M Montoya
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Dr. José Eleuterio González 235, Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey, NL, 64460, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio de J Treviño-Rangel
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Dr. José Eleuterio González 235, Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey, NL, 64460, Mexico.
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Rojas OC, Amaral-Montesino C, Mendoza-Olazaran S, Carrión-Alvarez D, González-Álvarez R, Montoya AM. Isolation of Clavispora lusitaniae from the Oral Cavity of Immunocompetent Young Adults from the North of Mexico. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:475-481. [PMID: 39010992 PMCID: PMC11246318 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The human oral cavity is normally colonized by microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses and protozoa. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Candida spp., in de oral cavity in a group of medical students from the north of Mexico. Oral sample were obtained from 240 healthy students. The specimens were analyzed by traditional microbiology cultures and DNA sequencing. Candida spp., grew in Sabouraud dextrose agar from 57 samples and subsequently were isolated and phenotyped. The definitive identification to the species level was done by sequence analysis. The yeasts were identified as follow: 28 Clavispora lusitaniae, 20 Candida albicans, 5 Pichia kudriavzevii and 4 Candida parapsilosis. Our findings revealed that 23.75% of the healthy population has a potential pathogen in their mouth. Surprisingly, C. albicans is not the predominant yeast; instead other non-Candida species are the colonizers of the oral cavity as normal microbiota. C. lusitaniae is considered an emerging opportunistic pathogen in immunosuppressive patients. This paper pretends to highlight the presence of this yeast in the oral cavity in immunocompetent young adults. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-023-01145-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga C Rojas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Gonzalitos s/n, Colonia Mitras Centro, CP 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencia Básicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, CP 66238 San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Cintia Amaral-Montesino
- Departamento de Ciencia Básicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, CP 66238 San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Soraya Mendoza-Olazaran
- Departamento de Ciencia Básicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, CP 66238 San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Diego Carrión-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ciencia Básicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, CP 66238 San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | | | - Alexandra M Montoya
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Gonzalitos s/n, Colonia Mitras Centro, CP 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León Mexico
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Nogueira FC, de Souza AÁ, Araújo NMS, de Souza LAL, Guimarães Gomes Silva R, de Oliveira Bezerra de Sousa D, Coêlho Cavalcanti B, de Moraes Filho MO, Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá L, Vitoriano Nobre Júnior H, de Oliveira HD. Antifungal activity of a trypsin inhibitor from Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seeds against fluconazole-resistant strains of Candida spp. and evaluation of its toxicity in vitro. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1205-1217. [PMID: 38594492 PMCID: PMC11153404 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Candida species resistant to traditional antifungal drugs is increasing globally. This issue significantly impacts patients' lives and increases healthcare expenses, confirming the need to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Recently, a thermostable trypsin inhibitor named ShTI (11.558 kDa), which has antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, was isolated from Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seeds. This study aimed to assess the antifungal effect of ShTI against Candida species and its synergism with fluconazole and to evaluate its mode of action. Preliminary toxicological studies on mouse fibroblasts were also performed. ShTI exhibited antifungal effects against C. parapsilosis (ATCC® 22,019), C. krusei (ATCC® 6258), and six clinical fluconazole-resistant strains of C. albicans (2), C. parapsilosis (2), and C. tropicalis (2). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 4.1 µM (inhibiting 50% of the isolates) and 8.2 µM (inhibiting 100% of the isolates). Additionally, when combined with fluconazole, ShTI had a synergistic effect on C. albicans, altering the morphological structure of the yeast. The mode of action of ShTI against C. krusei (ATCC® 6258) and C. albicans involves cell membrane permeabilization, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, the formation of pseudohyphae, pore formation, and consequently, cell death. In addition, ShTI (8.65 and 17.3 µM) had noncytotoxic and nongenotoxic effects on L929 mouse fibroblasts. These findings suggest that ShTI could be a promising antimicrobial candidate, but further research is necessary to advance its application as a novel antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Cristiane Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Adson Ávila de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Nadine Monteiro Salgueiro Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Alves Lopes de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Guimarães Gomes Silva
- Department of Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Oliveira Bezerra de Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Porangabussu, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Porangabussu, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil
| | | | - Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Júnior
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Porangabussu, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Hermógenes David de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil.
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Sabadin CES, Matta DAD, Hoppe L, Fernandes FAV, Melo ASDA, Rigo L, Barbosa DA. Oral candidiasis in liver transplant patients: species identification and antifungal susceptibility profile. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2024; 22:eAO0138. [PMID: 38775603 PMCID: PMC11081021 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2024ao0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to verify oral candidiasis, identify the causative species, and investigate the antifungal susceptibility of yeasts isolated from liver transplant patients. METHODS A descriptive analysis of 97 patients who underwent liver transplantation was conducted at a hospital. Two clinical examinations (Collections A and B) of the oral cavity were performed. Oral material was collected from all patients, inoculated in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, and incubated at 35℃ for 48 hours. Samples were identified by molecular sequencing of the internal trascribed space region of rDNA. RESULTS An antifungal susceptibility test with fluconazole, amphotericin B, and micafungin was performed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute yeast broth microdilution method. Among the patients, 15 presented with oral candidiasis: eight in Collection A and seven in Collection B. The primary type of candidiasis was atrophic, followed by pseudomembranous candidiasis. The most prevalent species was Candida albicans (nine), followed by Candida glabrata (three), Candida tropicalis (two), and Candida dubliniensis (one). Regarding susceptibility to fluconazole, of the 15 samples, 11 were susceptible, three were susceptible in a dose-dependent manner, and one was resistant. CONCLUSION The most commonly identified type of candidiasis was atrophic, with C. albicans and C. glabrata being the most prevalent causative species. One fluconazole-resistant isolate each of C. tropicalis and C. albicans were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Archimedes Da Matta
- Universidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lísia Hoppe
- Universidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Lilian Rigo
- Meridional CollegePasso FundoRSBrazil Meridional College, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Dulce Aparecida Barbosa
- Universidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Hernández-Pabón JC, Tabares B, Gil Ó, Lugo-Sánchez C, Santana A, Barón A, Firacative C. Candida Non- albicans and Non- auris Causing Invasive Candidiasis in a Fourth-Level Hospital in Colombia: Epidemiology, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Genetic Diversity. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:326. [PMID: 38786681 PMCID: PMC11122357 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasingly common and associated with healthcare settings, Candida infections are very important, since some species of this genus can develop antifungal resistance. We contribute data on the epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility, and genetic diversity of Candida non-albicans and non-auris affecting critically ill patients in a fourth-level hospital in Colombia. Ninety-seven isolates causing invasive infections, identified by conventional methods over 18 months, were studied. Data from patients affected by these yeasts, including sex, age, comorbidities, treatment, and outcome, were analysed. The antifungal susceptibility of the isolates was determined, and the ribosomal DNA was sequenced. Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida dubliniensis, and Candida guilliermondii caused 48.5% of all cases of invasive candidiasis. The species were mainly recovered from blood (50%). Patients were mostly men (53.4%), between 18 days and 93 years old, hospitalized in the ICU (70.7%). Overall mortality was 46.6%, but patients in the ICU, using antibiotics, with diabetes mellitus, or with C. glabrata infections were more likely to die. Resistant isolates were identified in C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata. This study provides epidemiological data for the surveillance of emerging Candida species, highlighting their clinical impact, as well as the emergence of antifungal resistance and clonal dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Camilo Hernández-Pabón
- Group MICROS Research Incubator, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogota 111221, Colombia; (J.C.H.-P.); (Ó.G.); (C.L.-S.)
| | - Bryan Tabares
- Unidad de Extensión Hospitalaria, Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi, Bogota 111411, Colombia;
| | - Óscar Gil
- Group MICROS Research Incubator, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogota 111221, Colombia; (J.C.H.-P.); (Ó.G.); (C.L.-S.)
| | - Carlos Lugo-Sánchez
- Group MICROS Research Incubator, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogota 111221, Colombia; (J.C.H.-P.); (Ó.G.); (C.L.-S.)
| | - Aldair Santana
- Clinical Laboratory and Transfusion Service, Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi, Bogota 111411, Colombia;
| | - Alfonso Barón
- Department of Medical Clinics, Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi, Bogota 111411, Colombia;
| | - Carolina Firacative
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogota 111221, Colombia
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Freitas VAQ, Santos AS, Zara ALSA, da Costa RA, Barreto CC, Soares RDBA, Godoy CSDM, Silva MDRR. Lodderomyces elongisporus as causative organism of oropharyngeal infections - Two case reports. J Mycol Med 2024; 34:101459. [PMID: 38181627 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
We report two cases of patients with oropharyngeal infection by Lodderomyces elongisporus. The identification of the two isolates was confirmed after sequencing the ITS1 and ITS4 regions. The antifungal susceptibility test revealed low MIC values for the different antifungals tested. This is the first reported case of L. elongisporus present during an oropharyngeal infection and describes the laboratory methodology employed in the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andressa Santana Santos
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, CEP 74605-050, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Sene Amâncio Zara
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, CEP 74605-050, Goiás, Brazil
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Luo Z, Ning Y, Yu S, Xiao M, Dai R, Chen X, Wang Y, Kang W, Jiang Y, Yu H, Liang H, Xu Y, Sun T, Zhang L. The first established microsatellite markers to distinguish Candida orthopsilosis isolates and detection of a nosocomial outbreak in China. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0080623. [PMID: 37877725 PMCID: PMC10662339 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00806-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The infection proportion of Candida orthopsilosis, a member of the C. parapsilosis complex, has increased globally in recent years, and nosocomial outbreaks have been reported in several countries. This study aimed to establish microsatellite loci-based typing method that was able to effectively distinguish among C. orthopsilosis isolates. Three reference C. orthopsilosis genome sequences were analyzed to identify repeat loci. DNA sequences containing over eight bi- or more nucleotide repeats were selected. A total of 51 loci were initially identified, and locus-specific primers were designed and tested with 20 epidemiologically unrelated isolates. Four loci with excellent reproducibility, specificity, and resolution for molecular typing purposes were identified, and the combined discriminatory power (DP, based on 20 epidemiologically unrelated isolates) of these four loci was 1.0. Reproducibility was demonstrated by consistently testing three strains each in triplicate, and stability, demonstrated by testing 10 successive passages. Then, we collected 48 C. orthopsilosis non-duplicate clinical isolates from the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net study to compare the DP of the microsatellite-based typing with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) typing analyses, using ATCC 96139 as a reference strain. These 49 isolates were subdivided into 12 microsatellite types (COMT1-12), six AFLP types, and three ITS types, while all the isolates with the same COMT belonged to consistent AFLP and ITS type, demonstrating the high DP of our microsatellite-type method. According to our results, COMT12 was found to be the predominant type in China, and COMT5 was the second largest and responsible for causing a nosocomial outbreak. This microsatellite-type method is a valuable tool for the differentiation of C. orthopsilosis and could be vital for epidemiological studies to determine strain relatedness and monitor transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Ning
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuying Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rongchen Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjie Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshu Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
- Clinical Biobank, Medical Research Center, National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
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Pumeesat P, Wongsuk T. Genetic analysis of emerging fungal pathogens: Trichosporon asahii. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 107:116057. [PMID: 37659120 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Trichosporon asahii is an emerging opportunistic fungus that mainly causes fatal disseminated trichosporonosis, especially in immunocompromised patients. T. asahii infection has been reported in Thailand, but few studies of this fungus have been published. Therefore, this study investigated the genetic diversity of 51 clinical strains of T. asahii from urine samples in Thailand. We sequenced and characterized the beta-1-tubulin (TUB1), copper-exporting ATPase (ATP), phosphate carrier protein (PHCP), and topoisomerase-1 (TOP1) genes. In addition, intergenic spacer 1 (IGS1) sequences from our previous studies were investigated. The numbers of haplotypes were 3, 3, 2, 2, and 2 for IGS1, TUB1, ATP, PHCP, and TOP1, respectively. The results suggested a relatively low level of genetic diversity among the strains. The findings illustrated that IGS1, TUB1, ATP, PHCP, and TOP1 can be collectively used as an alternative molecular typing tool for investigating the population diversity and structure of T. asahii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Potjaman Pumeesat
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanwa Wongsuk
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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9
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Francisco EC, Ribeiro FDC, Almeida Junior JN, Pedoni DB, da Matta DA, Dolande M, Melo ASDA, Lima RF, Aquino VR, Corzo-León DE, Zurita J, Cortes JA, Nucci M, Colombo AL. Emergence of cryptic species and clades of Meyerozyma guilliermondii species complex exhibiting limited in vitro susceptibility to antifungals in patients with candidemia. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0511522. [PMID: 37698428 PMCID: PMC10580822 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05115-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Meyerozyma guilliermondii species complex are able to cause superficial and life-threatening systemic infections with low susceptibility to azoles and echinocandins. We tested 130 bloodstream M. guilliermondii complex isolates collected from eight Latin American medical centers over 18 years (period 1 = 2000-2008 and period 2 = 2009-2018) to investigate trends in species distribution and antifungal resistance. The isolates were identified by rDNA ITS region sequencing, and antifungal susceptibility tests were performed against fluconazole, voriconazole, anidulafungin, and amphotericin B using the CLSI microbroth method. M. guilliermondii sensu stricto (s.s.; n = 116) was the most prevalent species, followed by Meyerozyma caribbica (n = 12) and Meyerozyma carpophila (n = 2). Based on rDNA ITS identification, three clades within M. guilliermondii sensu stricto were characterized (clade 1 n = 94; clade 2 n = 19; and clade 3 n = 3). In the second period of study, we found a substantial increment in the isolation of M. caribbica (3.4% versus 13.8%; P = 0.06) and clade 2 M. guilliermondii s.s. exhibiting lower susceptibility to one or more triazoles. IMPORTANCE Yeast-invasive infections play a relevant role in human health, and there is a concern with the emergence of non-Candida pathogens causing disease worldwide. There is a lack of studies addressing the prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of different species within the M. guilliermondii complex that cause invasive infections. We evaluated 130 episodes of M. guilliermondii species complex candidemia documented in eight medical centers over 18 years. We detected the emergence of less common species within the Meyerozyma complex causing candidemia and described a new clade of M. guilliermondii with limited susceptibility to triazoles. These results support the relevance of continued global surveillance efforts to early detect, characterize, and report emergent fungal pathogens exhibiting limited susceptibility to antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Cristina Francisco
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe de Camargo Ribeiro
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Nobrega Almeida Junior
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Betto Pedoni
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Archimedes da Matta
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maribel Dolande
- Department of Mycology, Instituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Analy Salles de Azevedo Melo
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ferreira Lima
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dora E Corzo-León
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jeannete Zurita
- Unidad de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Quito, Ecuador
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Alberto Cortes
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marcio Nucci
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Asadzadeh M, Ahmad S, Al-Sweih N, Khan Z. Molecular fingerprinting by multi-locus sequence typing identifies microevolution and nosocomial transmission of Candida glabrata in Kuwait. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1242622. [PMID: 37744513 PMCID: PMC10515652 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1242622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Candida glabrata is a frequently isolated non-albicans Candida species and invasive C. glabrata infections in older patients are associated with high mortality rates. Opportunistic Candida infections in critically ill patients may be either endogenous or nosocomial in origin and this distinction is critical for effective intervention strategies. This study performed multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) to study genotypic relatedness among clinical C. glabrata isolates in Kuwait. Methods Candida glabrata isolates (n = 91) cultured from 91 patients were analyzed by MLST. Repeat isolates (n = 16) from 9 patients were also used. Antifungal susceptibility testing for fluconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin and amphotericin B (AMB) was determined by Etest. Genetic relatedness was determined by constructing phylogenetic tree and minimum spanning tree by using BioNumerics software. Results Resistance to fluconazole, voriconazole and AMB was detected in 7, 2 and 10 C. glabrata isolates, respectively. MLST identified 28 sequence types (STs), including 12 new STs. ST46 (n = 33), ST3 (n = 8), ST7 (n = 6) and ST55 (n = 6) were prevalent in ≥4 hospitals. Repeat isolates obtained from same or different site yielded identical ST. No association of ST46 with source of isolation or resistance to antifungals was apparent. Microevolution and cross-transmission of infection was indicated in two hospitals that yielded majority (57 of 91, 67%) of C. glabrata. Conclusion Our data suggest that C. glabrata undergoes microevolution in hospital environment and can be nosocomially transmitted to other susceptible patients. Thus, proper infection control practices during routine procedures on C. glabrata-infected patients may prevent transmission of this pathogen to other hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suhail Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
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11
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Wang Y, Xu J. Lodderomyces elongisporus: An emerging human fungal pathogen. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011613. [PMID: 37676851 PMCID: PMC10484426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Bezerra FM, Rocchetti TT, Lima SL, Yu MCZ, da Matta DA, Höfling-Lima AL, Melo ASA, de Oliveira LA. Candida species causing fungal keratitis: molecular identification, antifungal susceptibility, biofilm formation, and clinical aspects. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:629-636. [PMID: 37055625 PMCID: PMC10235373 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the clinical aspects, molecular identification, biofilm formation, and antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida species isolated from fungal keratitis. Thirteen Candida isolates from 13 patients diagnosed with Candida keratitis were retrieved and grown in pure culture. Species identification was performed by micromorphology analysis and ITS-rDNA sequencing. The broth microdilution method tested the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of four antifungal drugs (fluconazole, amphotericin B, voriconazole, and anidulafungin). The biofilms were cultured and incubated with antifungal drugs for 24 h. The XTT reduction assay measured the biofilm activity. Biofilm MICs were calculated based on a 50% reduction in metabolic activity compared with the activity of the drug-free control. Among isolates, two were C. albicans, 10 were C. parapsilosis (sensu stricto), and one was C. orthopsilosis. All isolates were classified as susceptible or intermediate to all four antifungal drugs. Four isolates were very low biofilm producers (30%). Nine isolates were biofilm producers, and all biofilm samples were unsusceptible to all drugs tested. Previous ocular surgery was the most common underlying condition for fungal keratitis (84.6%), and C. parapsilosis was the most frequent Candida species (76.9%). Four patients (30.7%) needed keratoplasty, whereas two (15.3%) required evisceration. The biofilm formation ability of Candida isolates decreased antifungal susceptibility compared with planktonic cells. Despite in vitro antifungal susceptibility, almost half of the patients were unresponsive to clinical treatment and needed surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Bezerra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita T Rocchetti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soraia L Lima
- Special Laboratory of Mycology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília Z Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel A da Matta
- Special Laboratory of Mycology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Höfling-Lima
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Analy S A Melo
- Special Laboratory of Mycology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lauro A de Oliveira
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Genetic Diversity of Human Fungal Pathogens. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-023-00188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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14
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Abstract
Revealing the phylogenetic relationships of Candida krusei strains (sexual form Pichia kudriavzevii) is a prerequisite for understanding the evolution of its virulence-associated mechanisms and ecological lifestyles. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on entire internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) data were carried out with sequences available in public databases and Hungarian isolates from animals obtained for the study. The ITS haplotype network yielded a high frequency haplotype at the centre of the network (H1; n = 204) indicating that various selective pressure might resulted in population expansion from H1. MLST analysis identified three new genotypes among animal-derived isolates, therefore overall 203 sequence types were investigated to determine the population structure of C. krusei. The most commonly encountered sequence types were ST 17 and ST 67. Phylogenetic analyses showed diverse genetic construction of C. krusei population. Evidence of potential recombination events were also observed that might play some role in high intraspecies genetic variability among strains, however, the limited data of C. krusei genotypes from different countries prevented us to identify accurate evolutionary routes of commensal and pathogenic strains or species-specific lineages. Further expansion of C. krusei MLST database may promote the better understanding of the mixed evolutionary history of this species.
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15
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Cupozak-Pinheiro WJ, Araújo de Almeida-Apolonio A, Sasaki MH, Maran NH, Pires de Araújo R, Silva DBDS, Víctor de Andrade Dos Santos J, Barufatti A, Chang MR, Pires de Oliveira KM. Candida species contamination in drinking groundwater from residence wells in three municipalities of midwestern Brazil and the potential human health risks. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105660. [PMID: 35764189 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Groundwater represents one of the largest safe drinking water sources worldwide; however, it has been threatened by increased human activities in recent years. Candida species express virulence factors that contribute to the establishment and worsening of infections, although little is known about the virulence profiles of these species in potable groundwater. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of yeasts in groundwater from residential wells and to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility profile, hydrolytic enzyme production, adhesion capacity, and biofilm formation of Candida spp. Fifty yeasts representing nine genera were isolated: Candida (48%), Meyerozyma (20%), Pichia (8%), Exophiala (8%), Clavispora (4%), Kodamaea (4%), Rhodotorula (4%), Hanseniaspora (2%), and Kazachstania (2%). Candida parapsilosis was the most commonly isolated species, and approximately 29% of the Candida isolates were resistant to at least one azole. All Candida isolates were able to produce hydrolytic enzymes and adhere to polystyrene, and most were classified as hydrophobic. Candida spp. can establish and form biofilms when cultivated in different media such as Sabouraud broth, water, and calcium hypochlorite. The use of contaminated groundwater for human consumption represents a possible route for the transmission of clinically relevant yeasts that can cause fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and establish effective measures for groundwater treatment to ensure the quality and safety for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melina Hatsue Sasaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Nayara Halimy Maran
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Renata Pires de Araújo
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexeia Barufatti
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Marilene Rodrigues Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Kelly Mari Pires de Oliveira
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
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Fiallos NDM, Aguiar ALR, Nascimento da Silva B, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJC, Castelo Branco de Souza Collares Maia D, Cordeiro RDA. Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans dual-species biofilm: establishment of an in vitro protocol and characterization. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:401-413. [PMID: 35655421 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2084612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is the most important agent of persistent apical periodontitis, and recently, Candida albicans has also been implicated in periapical infections. This study aimed to optimize an in vitro E. faecalis and C. albicans dual-species biofilm protocol for endodontic research. Different physicochemical conditions for biofilm formation were tested. Susceptibility assays to antimicrobials, biochemical composition and an ultra-morphological structure analyses were performed. Reproducible dual-species biofilms were established in BHI medium at 35 °C, for 48 h and in a microaerophilic atmosphere. An increase in biomass and chitin content was detected after vancomycin treatment. Structural analysis revealed that the dual-species biofilm was formed by both microorganisms adhered to the substrate. The proposed protocol could be useful for the study of interkingdom relationships and help to find new strategies against periapical infections.
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17
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García-Salazar E, Acosta-Altamirano G, Betancourt-Cisneros P, Reyes-Montes MDR, Rosas-De-Paz E, Duarte-Escalante E, Sánchez-Conejo AR, Ocharan Hernández E, Frías-De-León MG. Detection and Molecular Identification of Eight Candida Species in Clinical Samples by Simplex PCR. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020374. [PMID: 35208828 PMCID: PMC8880469 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic candidiasis is a frequent opportunistic mycosis that can be life-threatening. Its main etiological agent is Candida albicans; however, the isolation of non-albicans Candida species has been increasing. Some of these species exhibit greater resistance to antifungals, so the rapid and specific identification of yeasts is crucial for a timely diagnosis and optimal treatment of patients. Multiple molecular assays have been developed, based mainly on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), showing high specificity and sensitivity to detect and identify Candida spp. Nevertheless, its application in diagnosis has been limited due to specialized infrastructure or methodological complexity. The objective of this study was to develop a PCR assay that detects and identifies some of the most common pathogenic Candida species and evaluate their diagnostic utility in blood samples and bronchial lavage. A pair of oligonucleotides was designed, CandF and CandR, based on sequence analysis of the 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S region of the rDNA of Candida spp., deposited in GenBank. The designed oligonucleotides identified C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei/Pichia kudriazevii, C. guilliermondii/Meyerozyma guilliermondii, C. lusitaniae/Clavispora lusitaniae, and C. dubliniensis using simplex PCR based on the amplicon size, showing a detection limit of 10 pg/μL of DNA or 103 yeasts/mL. Based on cultures as the gold standard, it was determined that the sensitivity (73.9%), specificity (96.3%), and the positive (94.4%) and negative (81.2%) predictive values of the PCR assay with the designed oligonucleotides justify their reliable use in diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo García-Salazar
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México—Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (E.G.-S.); (G.A.-A.)
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07340, Mexico;
| | - Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México—Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (E.G.-S.); (G.A.-A.)
| | - Paola Betancourt-Cisneros
- Unidad de Investigación en Sistemática Vegetal y Suelo, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - María del Rocío Reyes-Montes
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.d.R.R.-M.); (E.D.-E.)
| | - Emmanuel Rosas-De-Paz
- Unidad de Microbiología, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer de l’Escorxador, s/n, 43003 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Esperanza Duarte-Escalante
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.d.R.R.-M.); (E.D.-E.)
| | - Alma Rosa Sánchez-Conejo
- Dirección General, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México—Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico;
| | - Esther Ocharan Hernández
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07340, Mexico;
| | - María Guadalupe Frías-De-León
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México—Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (E.G.-S.); (G.A.-A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5559729800
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18
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Rhimi W, Sgroi G, Aneke CI, Annoscia G, Latrofa MS, Mosca A, Veneziano V, Otranto D, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Cafarchia C. Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) as Reservoir of Zoonotic Yeasts: Bioindicator of Environmental Quality. Mycopathologia 2022; 187:235-248. [PMID: 35072853 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-021-00613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wildlife animals are recognized as reservoirs for zoonotic fungi and their faeces might play an important role in introducing pathogens into the environment. Thought wild boar (Sus scrofa) population has dramatically increased across Europe, information about their possible role in dissemination of zoonotic pathogenic yeasts in the environment is scant. Therefore, fecal samples (n = 124) from wild boars from Campania region (Southern Italy) were collected and yeasts identified biochemically and molecularly by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region and their phylogenetical relationship assessed. The antifungal susceptibility profiles of yeasts were also investigated using AFST-EUCAST method. Yeasts were isolated from 50.1% of the samples with the highest occurrence in samples from the province of Salerno (61.1%). A total of 368 Candida strains belonging to nine species were identified, with Candida albicans (45.7%), followed by Candida krusei (15.2%), Kazachstania slooffiae (9.8%) and Candida parapsilosis (7.6%) as the most prevalent identified species. Among C. albicans four sequence types (i.e., ST1-ST4) were identified with an intraspecific nucleotide difference up to 0.21%. The ML tree grouped all representative sequence types as paraphyletic clades with those of the references yeast species, respectively and supported by high bootstrap values. Fluconazole was the less active drug whereas, posaconazole, voriconazole, and isavuconazole the most active one. No resistance phenomena were observed for C. albicans and high MICs values for 5FC, azoles and echinocandines were registered in non-albicans Candida spp. This study showed, for the first time, the important role of wild boars in dissemination of pathogenic fungi in the environment. The absence of resistance phenomena in the Candida spp. might reflect environmental free from residues of azoles antifungals pollution or chemicals and suggests the role of wild boar as bio indicators of environment quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Rhimi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sgroi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Chioma Inyang Aneke
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Giada Annoscia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Adriana Mosca
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Veneziano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Osservatorio Faunistico Venatorio - Campania Region, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo
- Medical Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
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Aboualigalehdari E, Tahmasebi Birgani M, Fatahinia M, Hosseinzadeh M. Transcription Factors of CAT1, EFG1, and BCR1 Are Effective in Persister Cells of Candida albicans-Associated HIV-Positive and Chemotherapy Patients. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:651221. [PMID: 34512562 PMCID: PMC8425484 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.651221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biofilm is an accumulation of cells, which are formed on mucosal surfaces of the host as well as on medical devices. The inherent resistance of Candida strains producing biofilms to antimicrobial agents is an important and key feature for biofilm growth, which can lead to treatment failure. This resistance is due to the regulatory increase of the output pumps, the presence of extracellular matrix, and the existence of persister cells. Persister cells are phenotypic variants that have MICs similar to antibiotic-sensitive populations and are able to tolerate high doses of antibiotics. The current study investigated the possible role of EFG1, BCR1, and CAT1 in the establishment or maintenance of persister cells in Candida albicans strains that produce biofilms. Methods After identifying Candida isolates by molecular methods, C. albicans isolates were confirmed by sequencing. Isolation of persister cells and determination of their MIC were performed by microdilution method. Then, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed from 60 C. albicans isolates under promoting and inducing conditions. Afterward, the mean expression of BCR1, EFG1, and CAT1 genes in both persister and non-persister groups was calculated using real-time qPCR. Phylogeny tree of persister and non-persister group isolates was drawn using ITS fragment. Results A total of 77 persister isolates were taken from the oral cavity of HIV patients as well as from patients undergoing chemotherapy. Biofilm intensity in persister isolates separated from HIV-infected patients was different from the non-persister group. The mean fold change of BCR1 (10.73), CAT1 (15.34), and EFG1 (2.41) genes in persister isolates was significantly higher than these genes in isolates without persister. Conclusion It can be concluded that the most important factor in the production of persister cells is biofilm binding and production, not biofilm development or mature biofilm production, which was found in the expression of BCR1 gene without change in the expression of EFG1 gene in the persister group. Also, catalase plays an essential role in the production of persister in C. albicans biofilm producers with ROS detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Aboualigalehdari
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Tahmasebi Birgani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Fatahinia
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute and Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehran Hosseinzadeh
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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20
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Pharkjaksu S, Boonmee N, Mitrpant C, Ngamskulrungroj P. Immunopathogenesis of Emerging Candida auris and Candida haemulonii Strains. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:725. [PMID: 34575763 PMCID: PMC8469599 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a multidrug-resistant Candida species, C. auris and C. haemulonii, has been reported worldwide. In Thailand, information on them is limited. We collected clinical isolates from Thai patients with invasive candidiasis. Both species were compared with a laboratory C. albicans strain. In vitro antifungal susceptibility and thermotolerance, and pathogenesis in the zebrafish model of infection were investigated. Both species demonstrated high minimal inhibitory concentrations to fluconazole and amphotericin B. Only C. auris tolerated high temperatures, like C. albicans. In a zebrafish swim-bladder-inoculation model, the C. auris-infected group had the highest mortality rate and infectivity, suggesting the highest virulence. The case fatality rates of C. auris, C. haemulonii, and C. albicans were 100%, 83.33%, and 51.52%, respectively. Further immunological studies revealed that both emerging Candida species stimulated genes involved in the proinflammatory cytokine group. Interestingly, the genes relating to leukocyte recruitment were downregulated only for C. auris infections. Almost all immune response genes to C. auris had a peak response at an early infection time, which contrasted with C. haemulonii. In conclusion, both emerging species were virulent in a zebrafish model of infection and could activate the inflammatory pathway. This study serves as a stepping stone for further pathogenesis studies of these important emerging species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujiraphong Pharkjaksu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 10700 Bangkok, Thailand;
| | - Nawarat Boonmee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 10700 Bangkok, Thailand; (N.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Chalermchai Mitrpant
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 10700 Bangkok, Thailand; (N.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Popchai Ngamskulrungroj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 10700 Bangkok, Thailand;
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21
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Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Intestinal Candida spp. in Tunisia. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.113800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Yeasts naturally colonize the mammalian digestive tract and play an important role in health and disease. This community is composed of commensal yeasts, mostly Candida and Saccharomyces described as a part of the intestinal mycobiome and could be associated with resident or transient flora. Objectives: The aim of our study was to perform the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of culturable Candida isolates present in stool specimens of healthy Tunisian individuals and to evaluate their antifungal susceptibility. Methods: Yeasts were recovered from 46 stool samples cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar at 37°C. Species were identified using conventional methods and ITS-PCR sequencing. Candida isolates were tested by exploring their tolerance to oxidative stress and extreme acidic conditions. In addition, their biofilm formation ability and in vitro resistance to antifungals was determined by the VITEK 2 system. Results: The identification by sequencing the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of the 56 yeast strains isolated from 37 stool samples revealed that Candida was the dominant genus and was represented by Candida albicans (n = 21), C. parapsilosis (n = 10), C. glabrata (n = 9), and C. krusei (n = 9). In contrast, the other genera, including Trichosporon, Geotrichum, and Rhodotorula, were sporadically occurring. We found that most Candida isolates were able to form biofilms under oxidative stress and extreme pH conditions. Regarding antifungal susceptibility, a higher resistance rate to fluconazole was revealed in comparison to caspofungin and micafungin. However, no resistance was revealed against voriconazole, amphotericin B, and 5-flucytosine. Conclusions: This is the first work-generated data on cultivable yeasts from stool specimens of healthy individuals in Tunisia. Further metagenomic studies with a larger sample size are needed to better characterize the intestinal mycobiota.
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Comparative evaluation of the Bruker Biotyper and Vitek MS matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) systems for non-albicans Candida and uncommon yeast isolates. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 185:106232. [PMID: 33961963 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rapid and accurate diagnosis is critically important in invasive and disseminated fungal infections for appropriate antifungal treatment. HYPOTHESIS MALDI-TOF MS systems are effective for fast and accurate identification of Candida species. AIM We aimed to compare two MALDI-TOF MS systems for the rapid identification of non-albicans Candida and rare clinical yeast species. METHODOLOGY This study included 157 isolates representing 23 yeast species. All isolates were identified using Bruker MALDI Biotyper and VITEK MS systems. If both MALDI-TOF MS systems yielded the same results for a certain isolate, the identification is regarded as correct. We performed internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequencing on five fungal isolates with discordant species names or that were unidentified by the two MALDI-TOF MS systems. RESULTS The yeast identification sensitivity of MALDI Biotyper was 98.7%, whereas that of VITEK MS was 96.8%. Both MALDI-TOF MS systems correctly identified all strains belonging to four prevalent species, namely, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei. For the 19 rare clinical yeast species, identification rates were 96.7% for MALDI Biotyper and 91.7% for VITEK MS. The ITS sequence analysis of five isolates yielded two Meyerozyma caribbica, two Cyberlindnera fabianii, and one Candida dubliniensis. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the high performance of both MALDI-TOF MS systems, identifying over 90% of yeast isolates in a short time. The disadvantages of these systems are that some species are not present in the databases and it cannot distinguish closely related species. The sensitivity of MALDI-TOF MS systems constantly improves with the expansion of databases in parallel with taxonomic developments for the identification of rare clinical yeast species.
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de Oliveira CS, Colombo AL, Francisco EC, de Lima B, Gandra RF, de Carvalho MCP, Carrilho CMDDM, Petinelli R, Pelison M, Helbel C, Czelusniak G, Paz Morales HM, Perozin JS, Pinheiro RL, Cognialli R, Breda GL, Queiroz-Telles F. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of Candidemia in eight medical centers in the state of Parana, Brazil: Parana Candidemia Network. Braz J Infect Dis 2020; 25:101041. [PMID: 33370563 PMCID: PMC9392142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Candida spp. has been reported as one of the common agents of nosocomial bloodstream infections and is associated with a high mortality. Therefore, this study evaluated the clinical findings, local epidemiology, and microbiological aspects of candidemia in eight tertiary medical centers in the state of Parana, South of Brazil. Methods In this study, we reported 100 episodes of candidemia in patients admitted to eight different hospitals in five cities of the state of Parana, Brazil, using data collected locally (2016 and 2017) and tabulated online. Results The incidence was found to be 2.7 / 1000 patients / day and 1.2 / 1000 admissions. C. albicans was responsible for 49% of all candidemia episodes. Cancer and surgery were the two most common underlying conditions associated with candidemia. The mortality rate within 30 days was 48%, and removal of the central venous catheter (p = 0.029) as well as empirical or prophylactic exposure to antifungals were both related to improved survival (p = 0.033). Conclusions This study highlights the high burden and mortality rates of candidemia in hospitals from Parana as well as the need to enhance antifungal stewardship program in the enrolled medical centers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório Especial de Micologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cesar Helbel
- Hospital Santa Casa de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rosangela Lameira Pinheiro
- Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Micologia, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Regielly Cognialli
- Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Micologia, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Luis Breda
- Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Micologia, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Flávio Queiroz-Telles
- Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Micologia, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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24
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Nishikaku AS, Soldá MV, Ricci G, Ponzio V, Pagliari C, Medina-Pestana JO, de Franco MF, Colombo AL. Correlation between clinical outcome and tissue inflammatory response in kidney transplant recipients with cryptococcosis. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:5908379. [PMID: 32945853 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is the second most common invasive fungal infection reported in renal transplant recipients. Tissue granulomatous inflammation is necessary to contain Cryptococcus infection. This study aims to analyze the granuloma patterns and in situ expression of regulatory T (Treg) immune response in tissue samples from 12 renal transplant recipients with cryptococcosis. Fungal isolates were molecularly identified as Cryptococcus neoformans species complex. A detailed characterization of granulomas in tissue samples from 12 kidney transplant recipients with cryptococcosis was described by checking six lung and six skin biopsies by conventional histology and for immunohistochemical detection of CD4 and Treg markers: forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming-growth factor (TGF)-β. Granulomas were classified as compact, loose or mixed. Patients with mixed (n = 4) and compact (n = 3) granulomatous inflammation patterns were associated with a better prognosis and presented a higher number of CD4+FoxP3+T cells compared to the group of patients with loose granulomas. In counterpart, three out of five patients with loose granulomas died with cryptococcosis. We suggest that Treg may have a protective role in the tissue response to Cryptococcus infection given its association with compact and mixed granulomas in patients with better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Nishikaku
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcel V Soldá
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giannina Ricci
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Ponzio
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Hospital do Rim, Fundação Oswaldo Ramos, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Pagliari
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José O Medina-Pestana
- Hospital do Rim, Fundação Oswaldo Ramos, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcello F de Franco
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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25
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Sabadin CES, Lopes SL, Gompertz OF, Santana GNP, de Azevedo Melo AS, Rigo L, Da Matta DA, Barbosa DA. Oral colonization by Candida spp. in liver transplant patients: Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibilityOral colonization by Candida spp. in liver transplant. Med Mycol 2020; 59:myaa085. [PMID: 33038894 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida species are commensal to normal oral microbiota; however, they can cause infections if immune functions are reduced. The aim of this study was to investigate oral colonization, identify species, and test the susceptibility profile to antifungals. A descriptive study included 97 liver transplant patients who attended the transplant center of a referral hospital in southern Brazil. Two oral swab collections were performed, with a 6-month gap between collections. The samples were identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer ITS region of the ribosomal DNA. The sensitivity test was performed with fluconazole, amphotericin B, and micafungin using a broth microdilution method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute document M27-A4. Eighty-two patients were investigated and 15 were excluded for presenting clinical infection. The identification of yeasts showed colonization in 66% and 61.9% in collections A and B, respectively. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species in both collections (n = 29/50 and n = 27/49, respectively). In 31 (62%) patients, the yeast species remained the same for 6 months, and in 19 (38%) the colonizing species was substituted. Thirty-two isolates from collection A were sensitive (S) to Fluconazole, 13 sensitive dose-dependent (SDD), and five resistant (R). In collection B, 32 were S, 12 SDD, and 5 R. For amphotericin B and micafungin, all isolates were sensitive. With knowledge of the species and identification of strains resistant to fluconazole, useful information can be alerts about the emergence of antifungal resistance strains. LAY SUMMARY Study of great importance because it is the first investigation that identifies Candida in the oral cavity of liver transplant patients, allowing an understanding of epidemiology and contributing to the knowledge about strains resistant to fluconazole.
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Vatanshenassan M, Boekhout T, Mauder N, Robert V, Maier T, Meis JF, Berman J, Then E, Kostrzewa M, Hagen F. Evaluation of Microsatellite Typing, ITS Sequencing, AFLP Fingerprinting, MALDI-TOF MS, and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Candida auris. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6030146. [PMID: 32854308 PMCID: PMC7576496 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging opportunistic yeast species causing nosocomial outbreaks at a global scale. A few studies have focused on the C. auris genotypic structure. Here, we compared five epidemiological typing tools using a set of 96 C. auris isolates from 14 geographical areas. Isolates were analyzed by microsatellite typing, ITS sequencing, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprint analysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods. Microsatellite typing grouped the isolates into four main clusters, corresponding to the four known clades in concordance with whole genome sequencing studies. The other investigated typing tools showed poor performance compared with microsatellite typing. A comparison between the five methods showed the highest agreement between microsatellite typing and ITS sequencing with 45% similarity, followed by microsatellite typing and the FTIR method with 33% similarity. The lowest agreement was observed between FTIR spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF MS, and ITS sequencing. This study indicates that microsatellite typing is the tool of choice for C. auris outbreak investigations. Additionally, FTIR spectroscopy requires further optimization and evaluation before it can be used as an epidemiological typing method, comparable with microsatellite typing, as a rapid method for tracing nosocomial fungal outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Vatanshenassan
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.V.); (N.M.); (T.M.)
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.B.); (V.R.); (E.T.)
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.B.); (V.R.); (E.T.)
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Norman Mauder
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.V.); (N.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Vincent Robert
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.B.); (V.R.); (E.T.)
- BioAware, B-4280 Hannut, Belgium
| | - Thomas Maier
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.V.); (N.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Jacques F. Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, 80060-000 Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Judith Berman
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel;
| | - Euníce Then
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.B.); (V.R.); (E.T.)
| | - Markus Kostrzewa
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.V.); (N.M.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (F.H.); Tel.: +49-421-2205-1258 (M.K.); +31-30-2122-600 (F.H.)
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.B.); (V.R.); (E.T.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (F.H.); Tel.: +49-421-2205-1258 (M.K.); +31-30-2122-600 (F.H.)
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27
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Mendoza JL, Fischer S, Gee MH, Lam LH, Brackenridge S, Powrie FM, Birnbaum M, McMichael AJ, Garcia KC, Gillespie GM. Interrogating the recognition landscape of a conserved HIV-specific TCR reveals distinct bacterial peptide cross-reactivity. eLife 2020; 9:58128. [PMID: 32716298 PMCID: PMC7384859 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell cross-reactivity ensures that diverse pathogen-derived epitopes encountered during a lifetime are recognized by the available TCR repertoire. A feature of cross-reactivity where previous exposure to one microbe can alter immunity to subsequent, non-related pathogens has been mainly explored for viruses. Yet cross-reactivity to additional microbes is important to consider, especially in HIV infection where gut-intestinal barrier dysfunction could facilitate T cell exposure to commensal/pathogenic microbes. Here we evaluated the cross-reactivity of a ‘public’, HIV-specific, CD8 T cell-derived TCR (AGA1 TCR) using MHC class I yeast display technology. Via screening of MHC-restricted libraries comprising ~2×108 sequence-diverse peptides, AGA1 TCR specificity was mapped to a central peptide di-motif. Using the top TCR-enriched library peptides to probe the non-redundant protein database, bacterial peptides that elicited functional responses by AGA1-expressing T cells were identified. The possibility that in context-specific settings, MHC class I proteins presenting microbial peptides influence virus-specific T cell populations in vivo is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Mendoza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Suzanne Fischer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Marvin H Gee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Lilian H Lam
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Brackenridge
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Birnbaum
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Koch Institute at MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Geraldine M Gillespie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Increasing Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Candida haemulonii Species Complex among All Yeast Cultures Collected by a Reference Laboratory over the Past 11 Years. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6030110. [PMID: 32679832 PMCID: PMC7558365 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is worldwide concern with the increasing rates of infections due to multiresistant Candida isolates reported in tertiary medical centers. We checked for historical trends in terms of prevalence rates and antifungal susceptibility of the Candida haemulonii species complex in our yeast stock culture collected during the last 11 years. The isolates were identified by sequencing the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and antifungal susceptibility tests for amphotericin B, voriconazole, fluconazole, anidulafungin, and 5-fluorocytosine were performed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) microbroth method. A total of 49 isolates were identified as Candida haemuloniisensu stricto (n = 21), followed by C. haemulonii var. vulnera (n = 15) and C. duobushaemulonii (n = 13), including 38 isolates cultured from patients with deep-seated Candida infections. The prevalence of the C. haemulonii species complex increased from 0.9% (18 isolates among 1931) in the first period (December 2008 to June 2013) to 1.7% (31 isolates among 1868) in the second period (July 2014 to December 2019) of analysis (p = 0.047). All isolates tested exhibited high minimum inhibition concentrations for amphotericin B and fluconazole, but they remained susceptible to 5-fluorocytosine and anidulafungin. We were able to demonstrate the increased isolation of the multiresistant Candida haemulonii species complex in our culture collection, where most isolates were cultured from patients with deep-seated infections.
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de la Rosa-García E, Olalde-Hernández MJ, Irigoyen-Camacho ME, Mondragón-Padilla A, Mendoza-Juache A, Sánchez-Vargas LO. Antifungal susceptibility of oral isolates of Candida species from chronic kidney disease patients on chronic dialysis. J Mycol Med 2020; 30:101009. [PMID: 32620497 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic renal disease patients under chronic dialysis (CRDD) have a multifactorial immunological deterioration with an increased risk of Candida infections. Incidence of Candida infections is increasing. Choice of suitable antifungal agents is limited due to the resistance of some species to several antifungals. Aim of the present study was to identify the distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of oral isolated Candida species from infected and colonized patients, as well as to investigate the risk factors for oral infection in patients on dialysis. Cross-sectional study, approved by the institutional bioethics committees was performed in CRDD patients. Demographic, clinic data, and oral mucosa samples were obtained. Infection diagnosis was established clinically and confirmed with exfoliative cytology, each sample was plated on CHROMagar Candida and incubated at 36°C for 2 days. Yeast species were identified by carbohydrate assimilation ID 32C AUX system and the apiweb database. For the antifungal susceptibility test, the M44 A-3 method (CLSI) using fluconazole (FCZ), miconazole (MCZ), nystatin (NYS), and voriconazole (VCZ). Study included 119 participants, the main cause of CRD was nephropathy due to DM2 (58%), and three-fourths of the patients were under hemodialysis. Candida prevalence was 56.3% of 67 colonized or infected patients, 88 isolates were obtained. Principal identified species were C. albicans (51.1%), C. glabrata (25%), and C. tropicalis (14.8%). C. glabrata showed a reduced response to FCZ in 50% of isolates and C. albicans had a reduced response in 16% of the isolates. Antifungal agent with the least efficacious response or with the lowest susceptibility in the isolates of these patients was MCZ, followed by VCZ and FCZ, whereas NYS induced the best antifungal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de la Rosa-García
- Department of Health Care, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Xochimilco, México City, Mexico
| | - M J Olalde-Hernández
- Department of Health Care, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Xochimilco, México City, Mexico
| | - M E Irigoyen-Camacho
- Department of Health Care, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Xochimilco, México City, Mexico
| | - A Mondragón-Padilla
- Simplified Surgery Specialty Clinic "Dr. Pedro Barcenas Hiriart", Institute of Social Security and Services of State Workers (ISSSTE), San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - A Mendoza-Juache
- Biochemistry and Microbiology laboratory, Faculty of Stomatology - University Autonomous of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - L O Sánchez-Vargas
- Biochemistry and Microbiology laboratory, Faculty of Stomatology - University Autonomous of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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Fatahinia M, Halvaeizadeh M, Zarei Mahmoudabadi A, AboualiGalehdari E, Kiasat N. In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of six antifungal drugs against clinical Candida glabrata isolates according to EUCAST. Curr Med Mycol 2020; 6:1-6. [PMID: 33628974 PMCID: PMC7888517 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.6.2.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Candida glabrata is the second cause of candidiasis. The mortality rate of C. glabrata infections is about 40%; accordingly, it may be life threatening, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Regarding this, the current study was conducted to evaluate the regional patterns of the antifungal susceptibility of clinical C. glabrataisolated from the patients referring to the health centers located in Ahvaz, Iran Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 30 clinical strains of C. glabrata isolates were recovered from different body sites (i.e., vagina, mouth, and urine). Phenotypic characteristics and molecular methods were used to identify the isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Results: Our findings demonstrated that 20%, 80%, and 6.7% of the isolates were resistant to amphotericin B, terbinafine, and posaconazole, respectively, while all the isolates were found to be fluconazole susceptible dose dependent and susceptible to voriconazole and caspofungin Conclusion: Our study suggested that voriconazole had high potency against C. glabrata isolates. Consequently, this antifungal agent can be an alternative drug in the treatment of resistant patients. These results can be helpful for the successful treatment of patients in different regions
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Fatahinia
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Halvaeizadeh
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham AboualiGalehdari
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Neda Kiasat
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Farahyar S, Izadi S, Razmjou E, Falahati M, Roudbary M, Ashrafi-Khozani M, Ansari S, Fattahi A, Ghahri-Mobaser Z, Rahimi M. Low prevalence of antifungal resistant Candida africana, in the C. albicans complex causing vulvovaginal candidiasis. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03619. [PMID: 32215332 PMCID: PMC7090347 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Candida (C.) albicans complex includes C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. stellatoidea, and C. africana, with the last mentioned as an important emerging agent of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). The aim of the study was to identify C. africana and C. dubliniensis and assess their drug susceptibility in vaginitis. One-hundred Candida isolates of the C. albicans complex from women diagnosed with vaginitis and from vaginal samples in the culture collection of a medical mycology laboratory were examined. Species of the C. albicans complex were identified with conventional and molecular methods using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, PCR for partial amplification of hyphal wall protein 1 (HWP1) gene and duplex PCR. The effects of antifungal drugs were evaluated according to standard broth microdilution protocols. Ninety-seven C. albicans (97%) and three C. africana (3%) isolates were identified. Results of susceptibility testing revealed one isolate of C. africana to be resistant to both clotrimazole and fluconazole, and one showed reduced susceptibility to itraconazole. Identification of Candida species especially C. africana in vaginitis is crucial, there are varying levels of resistance to antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Farahyar
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center (MBiRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Izadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Razmjou
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehraban Falahati
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Roudbary
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Ashrafi-Khozani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saham Ansari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Fattahi
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Rahimi
- Department of Gynecology, Shahid Akbar Abadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mamtani S, Aljanabi NM, Gupta Rauniyar RP, Acharya A, Malik BH. Candida Endocarditis: A Review of the Pathogenesis, Morphology, Risk Factors, and Management of an Emerging and Serious Condition. Cureus 2020; 12:e6695. [PMID: 32104631 PMCID: PMC7026878 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis is a significant healthcare burden due to the associated high mortality and complications. Endocarditis caused by both Candida albicans (C. albicans) and non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species has been associated with a substantial rise in in-hospital morbidity and mortality. We used the Pubmed database to identify 47 out of 101 articles that had met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. We had put in place a broad inclusion criterion with no age or gender restrictions. These 47 articles included abstracts, 11 review articles, 13 case reports, 10 research articles, 1 clinical trial report, 1 meta-analysis, and other research articles. And they comprehensively cover the pathogenesis, risk factors, and management of infections caused by C. albicans and NCAC species in the past 26 years. The articles we scanned provided us with information on different associations in correlation to multiple types of Candida species. Here, we discuss the association between Candida and endocarditis, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both C. albicans and NCAC. We also present our understanding regarding this interesting association and attempt to address some of the recurring questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Mamtani
- Infectious Diseases Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lebanon, USA
| | - Nawar Muneer Aljanabi
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - Ashu Acharya
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Bilal Haider Malik
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Zangl I, Pap IJ, Aspöck C, Schüller C. The role of Lactobacillus species in the control of Candida via biotrophic interactions. MICROBIAL CELL 2019; 7:1-14. [PMID: 31921929 PMCID: PMC6946018 DOI: 10.15698/mic2020.01.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microbial communities have an important role in health and disease. Candida spp. are ubiquitous commensals and sometimes opportunistic fungal pathogens of humans, colonizing mucosal surfaces of the genital, urinary, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and the oral cavity. They mainly cause local mucosal infections in immune competent individuals. However, in the case of an ineffective immune defense, Candida infections may become a serious threat. Lactobacillus spp. are part of the human microbiome and are natural competitors of Candida in the vaginal environment. Lactic acid, low pH and other secreted metabolites are environmental signals sensed by fungal species present in the microbiome. This review briefly discusses the ternary interaction between host, Lactobacillus species and Candida with regard to fungal infections and the potential antifungal and fungistatic effect of Lactobacillus species. Our understanding of these interactions is incomplete due to the variability of the involved species and isolates and the complexity of the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Zangl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), Tulln, Austria
| | - Ildiko-Julia Pap
- University Hospital of St. Pölten, Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, St Pölten, Austria
| | - Christoph Aspöck
- University Hospital of St. Pölten, Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, St Pölten, Austria
| | - Christoph Schüller
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), Tulln, Austria.,Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), BOKU, Tulln, Austria
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Raimondi S, Amaretti A, Gozzoli C, Simone M, Righini L, Candeliere F, Brun P, Ardizzoni A, Colombari B, Paulone S, Castagliuolo I, Cavalieri D, Blasi E, Rossi M, Peppoloni S. Longitudinal Survey of Fungi in the Human Gut: ITS Profiling, Phenotyping, and Colonization. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1575. [PMID: 31354669 PMCID: PMC6636193 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal component of the intestinal microbiota of eight healthy subjects was studied over 12 months using metagenome survey and culture-based approaches. Aspergillus, Candida, Debaryomyces, Malassezia, Penicillium, Pichia, and Saccharomyces were the most recurrent and/or dominant fungal genera, according to metagenomic analysis. The biodiversity of fungal communities was lower and characterized by greater unevenness, when compared to bacterial microbiome. The dissimilarities both among subjects and over the time within the same subject suggested that most of the fungi passed through the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) without becoming stable colonizers. Certain genera, such as Aspergillus and Penicillium, were isolated in a minority of cases, although they recurred abundantly and frequently in the metagenomics survey, likely being environmental or food-borne fungi that do not inhabit the GIT. Candida genus was recurrently detected. Candida albicans isolates dominated among the cultivable mycobiota and longitudinally persisted, likely as commensals inhabiting the intestine or regularly reaching it from Candida-colonized districts, such as the oral cavity. Other putative colonizers belonged to Candida zeylanoides, Geotrichum candidum, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, with persisting biotypes being identified. Phenotyping of fungal isolates indicated that C. albicans adhered to human epithelial cells more efficiently and produced greater amounts of biofilm in vitro than non-albicans Candida (NAC) and non-Candida fungi (NCF). The C. albicans isolates also induced the highest release of HBD-2 by human epithelial cells, further differing from NAC and NCF. Nine representative isolates were administered to mice to evaluate the ability to colonize the intestine. Only two out of three C. albicans strains persisted in stools of animals 2 weeks after the end of the oral administration, whereas NAC and NCF did not. These results confirm the allochthonous nature of most the intestinal fungi, while C. albicans appears to be commonly involved in stable colonization. A combination of specific genetic features in the microbe and in the host likely allow colonization from fungi normally present solely as passengers. It remains to be established if other species identified as potential colonizers, in addition to Candida, are true inhabitants of the GIT or rather reach the intestine spreading from other body districts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Raimondi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Amaretti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Caterina Gozzoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marta Simone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucia Righini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Candeliere
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Bruna Colombari
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Simona Paulone
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Blasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maddalena Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Samuele Peppoloni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Dal Mas C, Rossato L, Shimizu T, Oliveira EB, da Silva Junior PI, Meis JF, Colombo AL, Hayashi MAF. Effects of the Natural Peptide Crotamine from a South American Rattlesnake on Candida auris, an Emergent Multidrug Antifungal Resistant Human Pathogen. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060205. [PMID: 31141959 PMCID: PMC6627186 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive Candida infections are an important growing medical concern and treatment options are limited to a few antifungal drug classes, with limited efficacies depending on the infecting organism. In this scenario, invasive infections caused by multiresistant Candida auris are emerging in several places around the world as important healthcare-associated infections. As antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exert their activities primarily through mechanisms involving membrane disruption, they have a lower chance of inducing drug resistance than general chemical antimicrobials. Interestingly, we previously described the potent candicidal effect of a rattlesnake AMP, crotamine, against standard and treatment-resistant clinical isolates, with no hemolytic activity. We evaluated the antifungal susceptibility of several Candida spp. strains cultured from different patients by using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) microdilution assay, and the antifungal activity of native crotamine was evaluated by a microbial growth inhibition microdilution assay. Although all Candida isolates evaluated here showed resistance to amphotericin B and fluconazole, crotamine (40–80 µM) exhibited in vitro activity against most isolates tested. We suggest that this native polypeptide from the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus has potential as a structural model for the generation of a new class of antimicrobial compounds with the power to fight against multiresistant Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dal Mas
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo SP 04038-032, Brazil.
| | - Luana Rossato
- Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo SP 04038-032, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Shimizu
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo SP 04038-032, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo B Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP-RP), Ribeirão Preto SP 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Pedro I da Silva Junior
- Special Laboratory for Applied Toxinology (LETA), Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Butantan Institute, São Paulo SP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), 6532 Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
- Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo SP 04038-032, Brazil.
| | - Mirian A F Hayashi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo SP 04038-032, Brazil.
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Roles of the Transcription Factors Sfl2 and Efg1 in White-Opaque Switching in a/α Strains of Candida albicans. mSphere 2019; 4:4/2/e00703-18. [PMID: 30996111 PMCID: PMC6470211 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00703-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans remains the most pervasive fungal pathogen colonizing humans. The majority of isolates from hosts are heterozygous at the mating type locus (MTL a/α), and a third of these have recently been shown to be capable of switching to the opaque phenotype. Here we have investigated the roles of two transcription factors (TFs) Sfl2 and Efg1, in repressing switching in a/α strains. Deleting either gene results in the capacity of a/α cells to switch to opaque en masse under facilitating environmental conditions, which include N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) as the carbon source, physiological temperature (37°C), and high CO2 (5%). These conditions are similar to those in the host. Our results further reveal that while glucose is a repressor of sfl2Δ and efg1Δ switching, GlcNAc is an inducer. Finally, we show that when GlcNAc is the carbon source, and the temperature is low (25°C), the efg1Δ mutants, but not the sfl2Δ mutants, form a tiny, elongate cell, which differentiates into an opaque cell when transferred to conditions optimal for a/α switching. These results demonstrate that at least two TFs, Sfl2 and Efg1, repress switching in a/α cells and that a/α strains with either an sfl2Δ or efg1Δ mutation can switch en masse but only under physiological conditions. The role of opaque a/α cells in commensalism and pathogenesis must, therefore, be investigated.IMPORTANCE More than 95% of Candida albicans strains isolated from humans are MTL a/α, and approximately a third of these can undergo the white-to-opaque transition. Therefore, besides being a requirement for MTL-homozygous strains to mate, the opaque phenotype very likely plays a role in the commensalism and pathogenesis of nonmating, a/α populations colonizing humans.
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Alfouzan W, Dhar R, Albarrag A, Al-Abdely H. The emerging pathogen Candida auris: A focus on the Middle-Eastern countries. J Infect Public Health 2019; 12:451-459. [PMID: 31000491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent emergence of Candida auris as a multidrug resistant fungal pathogen, associated with difficult-to-control nosocomial transmission and high mortality, raises serious concerns for public health. Since it was first reported from Japan in 2009, C. auris infections have been diagnosed in several countries from all over the world. However, there is a paucity of reported cases from the Middle East. Literature search resulted in finding only six countries (Kuwait, Israel, Oman, KSA, UAE and Iran) reporting C. auris infections in the past three years. All patients were adults with several underlying comorbidities. Majority of the cases presented with bloodstream infection with crude mortality rate of 60%. All isolates were misidentified as C. haemulonii by commercial systems requiring specialized methods for identification. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing showed 100% strains to be resistant to fluconazole (MIC 32 ≥ 256 mg/L) while variable resistance against other antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadha Alfouzan
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Farwania Hospital, Kuwait; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | - Rita Dhar
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Farwania Hospital, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed Albarrag
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hail Al-Abdely
- Section Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Maciel NO, Johann S, Brandão LR, Kucharíková S, Morais CG, Oliveira AP, Freitas GJ, Borelli BM, Pellizzari FM, Santos DA, Van Dijck P, Rosa CA. Occurrence, antifungal susceptibility, and virulence factors of opportunistic yeasts isolated from Brazilian beaches. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019; 114:e180566. [PMID: 30892381 PMCID: PMC6419412 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opportunistic pathogenic yeast species are frequently associated with water
habitats that have pollution sources of human or animal origin.
Candida albicans has already been suggested as a faecal
indicator microorganism for aquatic environments. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to investigate the occurrence of C.
albicans and other opportunistic yeasts in sand and seawater
samples from beaches in Brazil to assess their correlation with
Escherichia coli, and to characterise the pathogenic
potential of the yeast isolates. METHODS Opportunistic species (yeasts that grow at 37ºC) were isolated from sand and
seawater samples from eight beaches in Brazil during the summer and the
winter. Opportunistic yeast species were evaluated for their susceptibility
to antifungal drugs, virulence factors, and the in vitro
and in vivo biofilm formation. Strains were selected to
carry out virulence tests using BALB/c mice. FINDINGS Several water samples could be classified as inappropriate for primary
contact recreation in relation to E. coli densities.
C. albicans was isolated in low densities. Of the 144
opportunistic yeasts evaluated, 61% displayed resistance or dose-dependent
sensitivity to at least one tested drug, and 40% produced proteinase.
Strains of C. albicans and Kodamaea ohmeri
exhibited the highest rates of adhesion to buccal epithelial cells. All the
C. albicans strains that were tested were able to
undergo morphogenesis and form a biofilm on catheter fragments in both
in vitro and in vivo experiments. It
was possible to confirm the pathogenic potential of three of these strains
during the disseminated infection test. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The identification of opportunistic yeast species in seawater and sand
samples from Brazilian beaches suggest a potential risk to the health of
people who use these environments for recreational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Op Maciel
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Susana Johann
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Luciana R Brandão
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Sona Kucharíková
- VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Camila G Morais
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Alexandre P Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Jc Freitas
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Beatriz M Borelli
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Franciane M Pellizzari
- Universidade Estadual do Paraná, Laboratório de Ficologia e Qualidade de Água Marinha, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Daniel A Santos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Anticandidal Potential of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Dryopteris Uniformis (Makino). Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.69878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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40
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Ricci G, Santos DW, Kovacs JA, Nishikaku AS, de Sandes-Freitas TV, Rodrigues AM, Kutty G, Affonso R, Silva HT, Medina-Pestana JO, de Franco MF, Colombo AL. Genetic diversity of Pneumocystis jirovecii from a cluster of cases of pneumonia in renal transplant patients: Cross-sectional study. Mycoses 2018; 61:845-852. [PMID: 29992629 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii can cause severe potentially life-threatening pneumonia (PCP) in kidney transplant patients. Prophylaxis of patients against PCP in this setting is usually performed during 6 months after transplantation. The aim of this study is to describe the molecular epidemiology of a cluster of PCP in renal transplant recipients in Brazil. Renal transplant patients who developed PCP between May and December 2011 had their formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung biopsy samples analysed. Pneumocystis jirovecii 23S mitochondrial large subunit of ribosomal RNA (23S mtLSU-rRNA), 26S rRNA, and dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequenced, and analysed for genetic variation. During the study period, 17 patients developed PCP (only four infections were documented within the first year after transplantation) and six (35.3%) died. Thirty FFPE samples from 11 patients, including one external control HIV-infected patient, had fungal DNA successfully extracted for further amplification and sequencing for all three genes. A total of five genotypes were identified among the 10 infected patients. Of note, four patients were infected by more than one genotype and seven patients were infected by the same genotype. DNA extracted from FFPE samples can be used for genotyping; this approach allowed us to demonstrate that multiple P. jirovecii strains were responsible for this cluster, and one genotype was found infecting seven patients. The knowledge of the causative agents of PCP may help to develop new initiatives for control and prevention of PCP among patients undergoing renal transplant and improve routine PCP prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannina Ricci
- Special Mycology Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Wagner Santos
- Special Mycology Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Hospital do Rim, Fundação Oswaldo Ramos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Joseph A Kovacs
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Angela Satie Nishikaku
- Special Mycology Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Molecular Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (DMIP), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Geetha Kutty
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Regina Affonso
- Biotechnology Center, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
- Special Mycology Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Aguiar Cordeiro RD, de Jesus Evangelista AJ, Serpa R, Colares de Andrade AR, Leite Mendes PB, Silva Franco JD, de Oliveira JS, de Alencar LP, Sales JA, Carneiro Câmara LM, Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco DD, Nogueira Brilhante RS, Costa Sidrim JJ, Gadelha Rocha MF. β-lactam antibiotics & vancomycin increase the growth & virulence of Candida spp. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:869-875. [PMID: 29882422 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the direct effect of antibiotics on growth and virulence of the major Candida species associated with invasive infections. MATERIALS & METHODS Cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, amoxicillin and vancomycin were tested at twofold the peak plasma concentration (2× PP) and the peak plasma concentration (PP). The effects of antibiotics on Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis were investigated by colony counting, flow cytometry, proteolytic activity and virulence in Caenorhabditis elegans. RESULTS Antibiotics increase growth and proteolytic activity of Candida spp; In addition, amoxicillin potentiates virulence of C. krusei and C. tropicalis against Caenorhabditis elegans. CONCLUSION These results suggest that antimicrobial therapy may have a direct effect on the pathophysiology of invasive fungal infections in patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Medical Mycology Specialized Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Medical Mycology Specialized Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rosana Serpa
- Departament of of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Raquel Colares de Andrade
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Medical Mycology Specialized Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bruna Leite Mendes
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Medical Mycology Specialized Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jônatas da Silva Franco
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Medical Mycology Specialized Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Medical Mycology Specialized Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pereira de Alencar
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Medical Mycology Specialized Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jamille Alencar Sales
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Medical Mycology Specialized Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lília Maria Carneiro Câmara
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Medical Mycology Specialized Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Medical Mycology Specialized Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Medical Mycology Specialized Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Hou X, Xiao M, Chen SC, Kong F, Wang H, Fan X, Zhao YP, Xu YC. Identification of Candida glabrata complex species: use of Vitek MS ® RUO & Bruker ClinproTools ®. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:645-657. [PMID: 29745727 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Distinction of species within the Candida glabrata complex (i.e., C. glabrata sensu stricto, Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis) is relevant for epidemiological purposes and antifungal management. MATERIALS & METHODS Two commercial matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry systems were comprehensively evaluated for the identification of fungi within this complex. RESULTS None of the species (C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis) were identified correctly by Vitek mass spectrometry (MS®) v2.0 In Vitro Diagnosis system and Bruker Biotyper MS® v3.1, but all were correct by the Vitek MS® Research Use Only system. The Bruker ClinProTools software showed 100% recognition capability and cross validation for the discrimination of C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis. CONCLUSION Using Vitek MS Research Use Only and Bruker ClinProTools can overcome limitations of the Vitek MS In Vitro Diagnosis and Bruker Biotyper databases in the identification of C. glabrata complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research & Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, PR China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research & Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, PR China
| | - Sharon Ca Chen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR - Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Darcy Road, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fanrong Kong
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR - Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Darcy Road, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - He Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research & Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research & Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu-Pei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ying-Chun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research & Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, PR China
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Candida albicans - Biology, molecular characterization, pathogenicity, and advances in diagnosis and control – An update. Microb Pathog 2018; 117:128-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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The Genomes of Four Meyerozyma caribbica Isolates and Novel Insights into the Meyerozyma guilliermondii Species Complex. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:755-759. [PMID: 29311113 PMCID: PMC5844296 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts of the Meyerozyma guilliermondii species complex are widespread in nature and can be isolated from a variety of sources, from the environment to arthropods to hospital patients. To date, the species complex comprises the thoroughly studied and versatile M. guilliermondii, the hard to distinguish M. caribbica, and Candida carpophila. Here we report the whole genome sequencing and de novo assembly of four M. caribbica isolates, identified with the most recent molecular techniques, derived from four Diptera species. The four novel assemblies present reduced fragmentation and comparable metrics (genome size, gene content) to the available genomes belonging to the species complex. We performed a phylogenomic analysis comprising all known members of the species complex, to investigate evolutionary relationships within this clade. Our results show a compact phylogenetic structure for the complex and indicate the presence of a sizable core set of genes. Furthermore, M. caribbica, despite a broad literature on the difficulties of discerning it from M. guilliermondii, seems to be more closely related to C. carpophila. Finally, we believe that there is evidence for considering these four genomes to be the first published for the species M. caribbica. Raw reads and assembled contigs have been made public to further the study of these organisms.
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Segobola J, Adriaenssens E, Tsekoa T, Rashamuse K, Cowan D. Exploring Viral Diversity in a Unique South African Soil Habitat. Sci Rep 2018; 8:111. [PMID: 29311639 PMCID: PMC5758573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve in the Cape Floral Kingdom in South Africa is known for its unique plant biodiversity. The potential presence of unique microbial and viral biodiversity associated with this unique plant biodiversity led us to explore the fynbos soil using metaviromic techniques. In this study, metaviromes of a soil community from the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve has been characterised in detail for the first time. Metaviromic DNA was recovered from soil and sequenced by Next Generation Sequencing. The MetaVir, MG-RAST and VIROME bioinformatics pipelines were used to analyse taxonomic composition, phylogenetic and functional assessments of the sequences. Taxonomic composition revealed members of the order Caudovirales, in particular the family Siphoviridae, as prevalent in the soil samples and other compared viromes. Functional analysis and other metaviromes showed a relatively high frequency of phage-related and structural proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of PolB, PolB2, terL and T7gp17 genes indicated that many viral sequences are closely related to the order Caudovirales, while the remainder were distinct from known isolates. The use of single virome which only includes double stranded DNA viruses limits this study. Novel phage sequences were detected, presenting an opportunity for future studies aimed at targeting novel genetic resources for applied biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Segobola
- Biosciences Unit, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Evelien Adriaenssens
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tsepo Tsekoa
- Biosciences Unit, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Konanani Rashamuse
- Biosciences Unit, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Don Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Rapid Detection and Differentiation of Clinically Relevant Candida Species Simultaneously from Blood Culture by Use of a Novel Signal Amplification Approach. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 56:JCM.00982-17. [PMID: 29046411 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00982-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal bloodstream infections are a significant problem in the United States, with an attributable mortality rate of up to 40%. An early diagnosis to direct appropriate therapy has been shown to be critical to reduce mortality rates. Conventional phenotypic methods for fungal detection take several days, which is often too late to impact outcomes. Herein, we describe a cost-effective multiplex assay platform for the rapid detection and differentiation of major clinically relevant Candida species directly from blood culture. This approach utilizes a novel biotin-labeled polymer-mediated signal amplification process combined with targeting rRNA to exploit phylogenetic differences for sensitive and unambiguous species identification; this assay detects seven pathogenic Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, and C. guilliermondii) simultaneously with very high specificity to the species level in less than 80 min with the limits of detection at 1 × 103 to 10 × 103 CFU/ml or as few as 50 CFU per assay. The performance of the described assay was verified with 67 clinical samples (including mixed multiple-species infections as well), with an overall 100% agreement with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry-based reference results. By providing a species identity rapidly, the clinician is aided with information that may direct appropriate therapy sooner and more accurately than current approaches, including PCR-based tests.
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Monfredini PM, Souza ACR, Cavalheiro RP, Siqueira RA, Colombo AL. Clinical impact of Candida spp. biofilm production in a cohort of patients with candidemia. Med Mycol 2017; 56:803-808. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Morais Monfredini
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Remondi Souza
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan Pelluzzi Cavalheiro
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andreotti Siqueira
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Agrosoaie R, Streinu-Cercel A, Azoicai D, Bejan C, Dorobat O, Mihai A, Popoiu M, Rafila A. Epidemiological data and antifungal susceptibility in invasive fungal infections - a Romanian infectious diseases tertiary hospital’s experience. Preliminary report. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/rrlm-2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Invasive fungal infections have stood as an important research subject for the past 20 years, being considered as a crucial effect of advancing healthcare services. Low identification rates of invasive fungal infections in blood cultures and low sensibility of biomarkers determine empiric treatments which lead to a change in epidemiological data and antifungal susceptibility. The aim: The epidemiological evaluation of invasive fungal infections and the assessment of antifungal resistance related to this condition. Methods and material: An “antifungal stewardship” retrospective study was developed between January 2010 and April 2016. An epidemiological analysis was performed on 79 cases with proven invasive fungal infections in bloodstream, catheter, and cerebrospinal fluid. We considered: age, gender, HIV status, place of residence, and first option in medical practice of antifungal treatment. The laboratory analysis was performed by the Microbiology Laboratory at “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC’s) of 15 isolates were identified using colorimetric micro broth dilution panel YEASTONE ®YO10 and compared with susceptibilities obtained by VITEK2®C system. Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 was used as reference. Results: The incidence of invasive fungal infections was 3.7 on 1000 hospitalized patients. The age of the study population ranged between 12 and 83 years, and most were male (59%). The majority of subjects were from an urban area (84%), and 27% of them were HIV positive. The results obtained in VITEK2C® were similar with those from YEASTONE® YO10 for fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B (100%), without any minor, major or very major errors. The fluconazole was the first option of treatment, followed by voriconazole, caspofungin, anidulafungin. In 37% of cases the first treatment option was replaced with a secondary antifungal therapy accordingly with antifungal breakpoints obtained by Vitek ®. Conclusions: No rates of resistance to fluconazole, amphotericin B, voriconazole were obtained. Fluconazole was the major first line antifungal therapy. Conclusions: No rates of resistance to fluconazole, amphotericin B, voriconazole were obtained. Fluconazole was the major first line antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Agrosoaie
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Pharmacy and Medicine Iasi , Romania
| | - Adrian Streinu-Cercel
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest , Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute of Infectious Diseases Bucharest , Romania
| | - Doina Azoicai
- "Grigore T. Popa” University of Pharmacy and Medicine Iasi , Romania
| | - Codrina Bejan
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Pharmacy and Medicine Iasi , Romania
| | - Olga Dorobat
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute of Infectious Diseases Bucharest , Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute of Infectious Diseases Bucharest , Romania
| | - Mona Popoiu
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute of Infectious Diseases Bucharest , Romania
| | - Alexandru Rafila
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest , Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute of Infectious Diseases Bucharest , Romania
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Kamamoto CSL, Nishikaku AS, Gompertz OF, Melo AS, Hassun KM, Bagatin E. Cutaneous fungal microbiome: Malassezia yeasts in seborrheic dermatitis scalp in a randomized, comparative and therapeutic trial. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2017; 9:e1361573. [PMID: 29484095 PMCID: PMC5821162 DOI: 10.1080/19381980.2017.1361573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Malassezia spp in skin microbiome scalp has been implicated in seborrheic dermatitis pathogenesis. Thus, treatment based in antifungal combined to topical keratolitic agents have been indicated as well as oral isotretinoin as it reduces the sebum production, glandular's size and possesses anti-inflammatory properties. This randomized, comparative and therapeutic trial aimed toper form the genotypic identification of Malassezia species before and after low-dose oral isotretinoin or topical antifungal treatments for moderate to severe seborrhea and/or seborrheic dermatitis on scalp. Scales and sebum of the scalp were seeded in the middle of modified Dixon and incubated at 32°C. For genotypic identification polymerase chain reaction primers for the ITS and D1/D2 ribossomal DNA were used and followed by samples sequencing. The procedure was conducted before and after therapeutic and randomized intervention for moderate to severe seborrhea/seborrheic dermatitis on the scalp, including oral isotretinoin, 10 mg, every other day and anti-seborrheic shampoo (piroctone olamine), over six months. The M. globosa and M. restricta were the most frequent species isolated on the scalp before and after both treatments. Other non-Malassezia species were also identified. The Malassezia spp. were maintained in the scalp after both treatments that were equally effective for the control of seborrhea/seborrheic dermatitis clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S L Kamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A S Nishikaku
- Department of Medicine, Special Mycology Laboratory, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - O F Gompertz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A S Melo
- Department of Medicine, Special Mycology Laboratory, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - K M Hassun
- Department of Dermatology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E Bagatin
- Department of Dermatology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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