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Tarr GAM, Rounds J, Vachon MS, Smith K, Medus C, Hedberg CW. Differences in risk factors for transmission among Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroups and stx profiles. J Infect 2023; 87:498-505. [PMID: 38251470 PMCID: PMC10803930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trends in the incidence of O157 and non-O157 serogroups of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections have markedly diverged. Here, we estimate the extent to which STEC serogroups share the same transmission routes and risk factors, potentially explaining these trends. METHODS With 3048 STEC cases reported in Minnesota from 2010 to 2019, we used lasso penalized regression to estimate pooled odds ratios (pOR) for the association between STEC risk factors and specific STEC serogroups and Shiga toxin gene profiles. We used random forests as a confirmatory analysis. RESULTS Across an extended period of time, we found evidence for person-to-person transmission associated with the O26 serogroup, relative to other serogroups (pOR = 1.32 for contact with an individual with diarrhea). Rurality was less associated with non-O157 serogroups than O157 (pOR = 1.21 for each increasing level of rurality). We also found an association between unpasteurized juice and strains carrying only stx1 (pOR = 1.41). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results show differences in risk factors across STEC types, which suggest differences in the most effective routes of transmission. Serogroup-specific disease control strategies should be explored. Specifically, preventative measures for non-O157 STEC need to extend beyond those we have employed for O157 STEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian A M Tarr
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Joshua Rounds
- Foodborne, Waterborne, Vectorborne, and Zoonotic Diseases Section, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN 55164, United States
| | - Madhura S Vachon
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Kirk Smith
- Foodborne, Waterborne, Vectorborne, and Zoonotic Diseases Section, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN 55164, United States
| | - Carlota Medus
- Foodborne, Waterborne, Vectorborne, and Zoonotic Diseases Section, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN 55164, United States
| | - Craig W Hedberg
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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Baskaran V, Karthik L. Phages for treatment of Salmonella spp infection. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 200:241-273. [PMID: 37739557 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella, is one of the bacterial genera having more than 2500 serogroups is one of the most prominent food borne pathogen that is capable of causing disease out breaks among humans and animals. Recent reports clearly shows that this pathogen is evolved and it developed drug resistant towards most of the commercially available antibiotics. In order to overcome this emerging resistance, Bacteriophage therapy is one of the alternative solutions. It is more pathogen specific, high potency, and thereby highly safe for consumption. This chapter discuss about Rapid screening and Detection Methods Associated with Bacteriophage for Salmonella, commercially available phage products and regulatory status, Salmonella endolysins and future prospects of phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Baskaran
- R and D, Salem Microbes Private Limited, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L Karthik
- R and D, Salem Microbes Private Limited, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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Dong A, Liu C, Hua X, Yu Y, Guo Y, Wang D, Liu X, Chen H, Wang H, Zhu L. Bioinformatic analysis of structures and encoding genes of Escherichia coli surface polysaccharides sheds light on the heterologous biosynthesis of glycans. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:168. [PMID: 37016299 PMCID: PMC10072801 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface polysaccharides (SPs), such as lipopolysaccharide (O antigen) and capsular polysaccharide (K antigen), play a key role in the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli (E. coli). Gene cluster for polysaccharide antigen biosynthesis encodes various glycosyltransferases (GTs), which drive the process of SP synthesis and determine the serotype. RESULTS In this study, a total of 7,741 E. coli genomic sequences were chosen for systemic data mining. The monosaccharides in both O and K antigens were dominated by D-hexopyranose, and the SPs in 70-80% of the strains consisted of only the five most common hexoses (or some of them). The linkages between the two monosaccharides were mostly α-1,3 (23.15%) and β-1,3 (20.49%) bonds. Uridine diphosphate activated more than 50% of monosaccharides for glycosyltransferase reactions. These results suggest that the most common pathways could be integrated into chassis cells to promote glycan biosynthesis. We constructed a database (EcoSP, http://ecosp.dmicrobe.cn/ ) for browse this information, such as monosaccharide synthesis pathways. It can also be used for serotype analysis and GT annotation of known or novel E. coli sequences, thus facilitating the diagnosis and typing. CONCLUSIONS Summarizing and analyzing the properties of these polysaccharide antigens and GTs are of great significance for designing glycan-based vaccines and the synthetic glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Digital-Micro Biotech Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Hua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongshu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiankai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Hangzhou Digital-Micro Biotech Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hengliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.
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Genomic Island-Encoded Histidine Kinase and Response Regulator Coordinate Mannose Utilization with Virulence in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. mBio 2023; 14:e0315222. [PMID: 36786613 PMCID: PMC10128022 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03152-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a highly adaptive pathogen and has acquired diverse genetic elements, such as genomic islands and prophages, via horizontal gene transfer to promote fitness in vivo. Two-component signaling systems (TCSs) allow bacteria to sense, respond to, and adapt to various environments. This study identified a putative two-component signaling system composed of the histidine kinase EDL5436 (renamed LmvK) and the response regulator EDL5428 (renamed LmvR) in EHEC. lmvK and lmvR along with EDL5429 to EDL5434 (EDL5429-5434) between them constitute the OI167 genomic island and are highly associated with the EHEC pathotype. EDL5429-5434 encode transporters and metabolic enzymes that contribute to growth on mannose and are directly upregulated by LmvK/LmvR in the presence of mannose, as revealed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and DNase I footprint assays. Moreover, LmvR directly activates the expression of the type III secretion system in response to mannose and promotes the formation of attaching and effacing lesions on HeLa cells. Using human colonoid and mouse infection models, we show that lmvK and lmvR contributed greatly to adherence and microcolony (MC) formation ex vivo and colonization in vivo. Finally, RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with sequencing analyses identified additional direct targets of LmvR, most of which are involved in metabolism. Given that mannose is a mucus-derived sugar that induces virulence and is preferentially used by EHEC during infection, our data revealed a previously unknown mechanism by which EHEC recognizes the host metabolic landscape and regulates virulence expression accordingly. Our findings provide insights into how pathogenic bacteria evolve by acquiring genetic elements horizontally to adapt to host environments. IMPORTANCE The gastrointestinal tract represents a complex and challenging environment for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). However, EHEC is a highly adaptable pathogen, requiring only 10 to 100 CFUs to cause infection. This ability was achieved partially by acquiring mobile genetic elements, such as genomic islands, that promote overall fitness. Mannose is an intestinal mucus-derived sugar that stimulates virulence and is preferentially used by EHEC during infection. Here, we characterize the OI167 genomic island of EHEC, which encodes a novel two-component signaling system (TCS) and transporters and metabolic enzymes (EDL5429-5434) involved in mannose utilization. The TCS directly upregulates EDL5429-5434 and genes encoding the type III secretion system in the presence of mannose. Moreover, the TCS contributes greatly to EHEC virulence ex vivo and in vivo. Our data demonstrate an elegant example in which EHEC strains evolve by acquiring genetic elements horizontally to recognize the host metabolic landscape and regulate virulence expression accordingly, leading to successful infections.
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Pokharel P, Dhakal S, Dozois CM. The Diversity of Escherichia coli Pathotypes and Vaccination Strategies against This Versatile Bacterial Pathogen. Microorganisms 2023; 11:344. [PMID: 36838308 PMCID: PMC9965155 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a gram-negative bacillus and resident of the normal intestinal microbiota. However, some E. coli strains can cause diseases in humans, other mammals and birds ranging from intestinal infections, for example, diarrhea and dysentery, to extraintestinal infections, such as urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, meningitis, and sepsis. In terms of morbidity and mortality, pathogenic E. coli has a great impact on public health, with an economic cost of several billion dollars annually worldwide. Antibiotics are not usually used as first-line treatment for diarrheal illness caused by E. coli and in the case of bloody diarrhea, antibiotics are avoided due to the increased risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome. On the other hand, extraintestinal infections are treated with various antibiotics depending on the site of infection and susceptibility testing. Several alarming papers concerning the rising antibiotic resistance rates in E. coli strains have been published. The silent pandemic of multidrug-resistant bacteria including pathogenic E. coli that have become more difficult to treat favored prophylactic approaches such as E. coli vaccines. This review provides an overview of the pathogenesis of different pathotypes of E. coli, the virulence factors involved and updates on the major aspects of vaccine development against different E. coli pathotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravil Pokharel
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Sabin Dhakal
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Charles M. Dozois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Pasteur Network, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
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Alharbi MG, Al-Hindi RR, Esmael A, Alotibi IA, Azhari SA, Alseghayer MS, Teklemariam AD. The "Big Six": Hidden Emerging Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:356. [PMID: 36355898 PMCID: PMC9693546 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are emerging serogroups that often result in diseases ranging from diarrhea to severe hemorrhagic colitis in humans. The most common non-O157 STEC are O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145. These serogroups are known by the name "big six" because they cause severe illness and death in humans and the United States Department of Agriculture declared these serogroups as food contaminants. The lack of fast and efficient diagnostic methods exacerbates the public impact of the disease caused by these serogroups. Numerous outbreaks have been reported globally and most of these outbreaks were caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water as well as direct contact with reservoirs. Livestock harbor a variety of non-O157 STEC serovars that can contaminate meat and dairy products, or water sources when used for irrigation. Hence, effective control and prevention approaches are required to safeguard the public from infections. This review addresses the disease characteristics, reservoirs, the source of infections, the transmission of the disease, and major outbreaks associated with the six serogroups ("big six") of non-O157 STEC encountered all over the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona G. Alharbi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad R. Al-Hindi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Esmael
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A. Alotibi
- Health Information Technology Department, Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheren A. Azhari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen S. Alseghayer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Monitoring and Risk Assessment Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
| | - Addisu D. Teklemariam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Wang X, Yan K, Fu M, Liang S, Zhao H, Fu C, Yang L, Song Z, Sun D, Wan C. EspF of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Enhances Apoptosis via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Intestinal Epithelial Cells: An Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation-Based Comparative Proteomic Analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:900919. [PMID: 35847082 PMCID: PMC9279134 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.900919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been large foodborne outbreaks related to Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) around the world. Among its virulence proteins, the EspF encoded by locus of enterocyte effacement is one of the most known functional effector proteins. In this research, we infected the HT-29 cells with the EHEC wild type strain and EspF-deficient EHEC strain. Via the emerging technique isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), we explored the pathogenic characteristics of EspF within host cells. Our data showed that the differences regarding cellular responses mainly contained immune regulation, protein synthesis, signal transduction, cellular assembly and organization, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis. Notably, compared with the EspF-deficient strain, the protein processing in the ER and ribosome were upregulated during wild type (WT) infection. Our findings proved that the EspF of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli induced ER stress in intestinal epithelial cells; the ER stress-dependent apoptosis pathway was also activated within the host cells. This study provides insight into the virulence mechanism of protein EspF, which will deepen our general understanding of A/E pathogens and their interaction with host proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaina Yan
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muqing Fu
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Liang
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyi Zhao
- Genecreate Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., National Bio-industry Base, Wuhan, China
| | - Changzhu Fu
- MRC Toxicology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihong Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dayong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengsong Wan
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Martins FH, Rajan A, Carter HE, Baniasadi HR, Maresso AW, Sperandio V. Interactions between Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Gut Commensals at the Interface of Human Colonoids. mBio 2022; 13:e0132122. [PMID: 35638758 PMCID: PMC9239246 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01321-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between the gut microbiota and pathogens are complex and can determine the outcome of an infection. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a major human enteric pathogen that colonizes the colon through attaching and effacing (AE) lesions and uses microbiota-derived molecules as cues to control its virulence. Different gut commensals can modulate EHEC virulence. However, the lack of an animal model that recapitulates the human pathophysiology of EHEC infection makes it challenging to investigate how variations in microbiota composition could affect host susceptibility to this pathogen. Here, we addressed these interactions building from simple to more complex in vitro systems, culminating with the use of the physiological relevant human colonoids as a model to study the interactions between EHEC and different gut commensals. We demonstrated that Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Enterococcus faecalis enhance virulence expression and AE lesion formation in cultured epithelial cells, as well as on the colonic epithelium, while commensal E. coli did not affect these phenotypes. Importantly, in the presence of these three commensals together, virulence and AE lesion are enhanced. Moreover, we identified specific changes in the metabolic landscape promoted by different members of the gut microbiota and showed that soluble factors released by E. faecalis can increase EHEC virulence gene expression. Our study highlights the importance of interspecies bacterial interactions and chemical exchange in the modulation of EHEC virulence. IMPORTANCE Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is a natural human pathogen that poorly colonizes mice. Hence, the use of murine models to understand features of EHEC infection is a challenge. In this study, we use human colonoids as a physiologically relevant model to study interactions between EHEC and gut commensals. We demonstrate that the ability of EHEC to form AE lesions on the intestinal epithelium is enhanced by the presence of certain gut commensals, such as B. thetaiotaomicron and E. faecalis, while it is not affected by commensal E. coli. Furthermore, we show that commensal bacteria differently impact the metabolic landscape. These data suggest that microbiota compositions can differentially modulate EHEC-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando H. Martins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Anubama Rajan
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hannah E. Carter
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hamid R. Baniasadi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony W. Maresso
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vanessa Sperandio
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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9
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Glassman H, Ferrato C, Chui L. Epidemiology of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in the Province of Alberta, Canada, from 2018 to 2021. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040814. [PMID: 35456864 PMCID: PMC9026152 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-O157 serogroups contribute significantly to the burden of disease caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and have been underrecognized by traditional detection algorithms. We described the epidemiology of non-O157 STEC in Alberta, Canada for the period of 2018 to 2021. All non-O157 STEC isolated from clinical samples were submitted for serotyping and qPCR targeting the stx1 and stx2 genes. A total of 729 isolates were identified. Increased detection occurred over the summer months, peaking in July. Patients 18 years and younger made up 42.4% of cases, with 31.1% in those 0–9 years of age. There was a slight female predominance (399/729, 54.7%) A total of 50 different serogroups were detected; the most common were O26 (30.3%), O103 (15.9%), O111 (12.8%), O121 (11.0%), O118 (3.3%) and O71 (2.9%). These six serogroups made up 76.2% of all isolates. In total, 567 (77.8%) were positive for stx1, 114 (15.6%) were positive for stx2 and 48 (6.6%) were positive for both stx1 and stx2. A wide variety of non-O157 serogroups have been detected in Alberta, with the most frequent serogroups differing from other locations. These results highlight the need for further characterization of their virulence factors and clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Glassman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Christina Ferrato
- Alberta Precision Laboratories-Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Calgary, AB T2N 4W4, Canada;
| | - Linda Chui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Alberta Precision Laboratories-Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Edmonton, AB T6G 2J2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-407-8951
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10
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Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals a New Genetic Clade among Escherichia coli O26 Strains. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0252521. [PMID: 35107330 PMCID: PMC8809355 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02525-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O26 is the predominant non-O157 serogroup causing hemolytic uremic syndrome worldwide. Moreover, the serogroup is highly dynamic and harbors several pathogenic clones. Here, we investigated the phylogenetic relationship of STEC O26 at a global level based on 1,367 strains from 20 countries deposited in NCBI and Enterobase databases. The whole-genome-based analysis identified a new genetic clade, called ST29C4. The new clade was unique in terms of multilocus sequence type (ST29), CRISPR (group Ia), and dominant plasmid gene profile (ehxA+/katP-/espP-/etpD-). Moreover, the combination of multiple typing methods (core genome single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] typing, CRISPR typing, and virulence genes analysis) demonstrated that this new lineage ST29C4 was in the intermediate phylogenetic position between ST29C3 and other non-ST29C3 strains. Besides, we observed that ST29C4 harbored extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC)-related virulence gene (VG), tsh, and STEC-associated VG, stx2a, suggesting the emergence of a hybrid pathogen. The ST29C4 strains also exhibited high similarity in stx2a-prophage and integrase with the O104:H4 strain, further demonstrating its potential risk to human health. Collectively, the large-scale phylogenetic analysis extends the understanding of the clonal structure of O26 strains and provides new insights for O26 strain microevolution. IMPORTANCE Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O26 is the second prevalent STEC serogroup only to O157, which can cause a series of diseases ranging from mild diarrhea to life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The serogroup is highly diverse and multiple clones are characterized, including ST29C1-C3 and ST21C1-C2. However, the phylogenetic relationship of these clones remains fully unclear. In this study, we revealed a new genetic clade among O26 strains, ST29C4, which was unique in terms of CRISPR, multilocus sequence type (MLST), and plasmid gene profile (PGP). Moreover, the combination of multiple typing methods demonstrated that this new clone was located in the intermediate phylogenetic position between ST29C3 and other non-ST29C3 strains (i.e., ST29C1-C2 and ST21C1-C2). Overall, the large-scale phylogenetic analysis extends our current understanding of O26 microevolution.
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Lattos A, Chaligiannis I, Papadopoulos D, Giantsis IA, Petridou EI, Vafeas G, Staikou A, Michaelidis B. How Safe to Eat Are Raw Bivalves? Host Pathogenic and Public Health Concern Microbes within Mussels, Oysters, and Clams in Greek Markets. Foods 2021; 10:2793. [PMID: 34829074 PMCID: PMC8623680 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Raw-bivalves consumption is a wide trend in Mediterranean countries. Despite the unambiguous nutritional value of seafood, raw consumption of bivalves may involve risks that could pose a significant threat to consumers' health. Their filter-feeding behavior is responsible for the potential hosting of a wide variety of microorganisms, either pathogenic for the bivalves or public health threats. Under this prism, the current study was conducted in an effort to evaluate the risk of eating raw bivalves originating from the two biggest seafood markets in Thessaloniki, the largest production area of bivalves in Greece. Both microbiological and molecular methodologies were applied in order to assess the presence of various harmful microbes, including noroviruses, Bonamia, Marteilia, Esherichia coli, Salmonella, and Vibrio. Results indicated the presence of several Vibrio strains in the analyzed samples, of which the halophilic Vibrio harveyi was verified by 16S rRNA sequencing; other than this, no enteropathogenic Vibrio spp. was detected. Furthermore, although Esherichia coli was detected in several samples, it was mostly below the European Union (EU) legislation thresholds. Interestingly, the non-target Photobacterium damselae was also detected, which is associated with both wound infections in human and aquatic animals. Regarding host pathogenic microorganisms, apart from Vibrio harveyi, the protozoan parasite Marteilia refrigens was identified in oysters, highlighting the continuous infection of this bivalve in Greece. In conclusion, bivalves can be generally characterized as a safe-to-eat raw food, hosting more bivalve pathogenic microbes than those of public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Lattos
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.C.); (D.P.); (B.M.)
- Environmental Control and Research Laboratory, Region of Central Macedonia, 54625 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ilias Chaligiannis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.C.); (D.P.); (B.M.)
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Campus of Thermi, 57001 Thermi, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.C.); (D.P.); (B.M.)
- Environmental Control and Research Laboratory, Region of Central Macedonia, 54625 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis A. Giantsis
- Environmental Control and Research Laboratory, Region of Central Macedonia, 54625 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100 Florina, Greece
| | - Evanthia I. Petridou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George Vafeas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Campus of Thermi, 57001 Thermi, Greece;
| | - Alexandra Staikou
- Environmental Control and Research Laboratory, Region of Central Macedonia, 54625 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.C.); (D.P.); (B.M.)
- Environmental Control and Research Laboratory, Region of Central Macedonia, 54625 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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12
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Yu L, Zhang S, Xu Y, Mi X, Xing T, Li J, Zhang L, Gao F, Jiang Y. Acid resistance of E. coli O157:H7 and O26:H11 exposure to lactic acid revealed by transcriptomic analysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Garrine M, Matambisso G, Nobela N, Vubil D, Massora S, Acácio S, Nhampossa T, Alonso P, Mandomando I. Low frequency of enterohemorrhagic, enteroinvasive and diffusely adherent Escherichia coli in children under 5 years in rural Mozambique: a case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:659. [PMID: 32894092 PMCID: PMC7475947 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are among the leading pathogens associated with endemic diarrhea in low income countries. Yet, few epidemiological studies have focused the contribution of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC). Methods We assessed the contribution of EHEC, EIEC and DAEC isolated from stool samples from a case-control study conducted in children aged < 5 years in Southern Mozambique between December 2007 and November 2012. The isolates were screened by conventional PCR targeting stx1 and stx2 (EHEC), ial and ipaH (EIEC), and daaE (DAEC) genes. Results We analyzed 297 samples from cases with less-severe diarrhea (LSD) matched to 297 controls, and 89 samples from cases with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) matched to 222 controls, collected between November 3, 2011 and November 2, 2012. DEC were more common among LSD cases (2.7%, [8/297] of cases vs. 1.3% [4/297] of controls; p = 0.243]) than in MSD cases (0%, [0/89] of cases vs. 0.4%, [1/222] of controls; p = 1.000). Detailed analysis revealed low frequency of EHEC, DAEC or EIEC and no association with diarrhea in all age strata. Although the low frequency, EIEC was predominant in LSD cases aged 24–59 months (4.1% for cases vs. 0% for controls), followed by DAEC in similar frequency for cases and controls in infants (1.9%) and lastly EHEC from one control. Analysis of a subset of samples from previous period (December 10, 2007 and October 31, 2011) showed high frequency of DEC in controls compared to MSD cases (16.2%, [25/154] vs. 11.9%, [14/118], p = 0.383, respectively). Among these, DAEC predominated, being detected in 7.7% of cases vs. 17.6% of controls aged 24–59 months, followed by EIEC in 7.7% of cases vs. 5.9% of controls for the same age category, although no association was observed. EHEC was detected in one sample from cases and two from controls. Conclusions Our data suggests that although EHEC, DAEC and EIEC are less frequent in endemic diarrhea in rural Mozambique, attention should be given to their transmission dynamics (e.g. the role on sporadic or epidemic diarrhea) considering that the role of asymptomatic individuals as source of dissemination remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Garrine
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Glória Matambisso
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Nélio Nobela
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Delfino Vubil
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sérgio Massora
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sozinho Acácio
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Tacilta Nhampossa
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Pedro Alonso
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inácio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique. .,Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique.
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Baba H, Kanamori H, Kudo H, Kuroki Y, Higashi S, Oka K, Takahashi M, Yoshida M, Oshima K, Aoyagi T, Tokuda K, Kaku M. Genomic analysis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from patients and asymptomatic food handlers in Japan. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225340. [PMID: 31743366 PMCID: PMC6863542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) can cause severe gastrointestinal disease and colonization among food handlers. In Japan, STEC infection is a notifiable disease, and food handlers are required to undergo routine stool examination for STEC. However, the molecular epidemiology of STEC is not entirely known. We investigated the genomic characteristics of STEC from patients and asymptomatic food handlers in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 65 STEC isolates obtained from 38 patients and 27 food handlers by public health surveillance in Miyagi Prefecture between April 2016 and March 2017. Isolates of O157:H7 ST11 and O26:H11 ST21 were predominant (n = 19, 29%, respectively). Non-O157 isolates accounted for 69% (n = 45) of all isolates. Among 48 isolates with serotypes found in the patients (serotype O157:H7 and 5 non-O157 serotypes, O26:H11, O103:H2, O103:H8, O121:H19 and O145:H28), adhesion genes eae, tir, and espB, and type III secretion system genes espA, espJ, nleA, nleB, and nleC were detected in 41 to 47 isolates (85–98%), whereas isolates with other serotypes found only in food handlers were negative for all of these genes. Non-O157 isolates were especially prevalent among patients younger than 5 years old. Shiga-toxin gene stx1a, adhesion gene efa1, secretion system genes espF and cif, and fimbrial gene lpfA were significantly more frequent among non-O157 isolates from patients than among O157 isolates from patients. The most prevalent resistance genes among our STEC isolates were aminoglycoside resistance genes, followed by sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim resistance genes. WGS revealed that 20 isolates were divided into 9 indistinguishable core genomes (<5 SNPs), demonstrating clonal expansion of these STEC strains in our region, including an O26:H11 strain with stx1a+stx2a. Non-O157 STEC with multiple virulence genes were prevalent among both patients and food handlers in our region of Japan, highlighting the importance of monitoring the genomic characteristics of STEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Baba
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hajime Kanamori
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hayami Kudo
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Seiya Higashi
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oka
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Makiko Yoshida
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kengo Oshima
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Aoyagi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Koichi Tokuda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kaku
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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15
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Iwata K, Goto M. Did the ban on serving raw beef liver in restaurants decrease Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection in Japan?: an interrupted time-series analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:949. [PMID: 31703557 PMCID: PMC6842200 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an important pathogen that causes diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). After an EHEC outbreak involving uncooked beef, serving raw beef liver dishes at restaurants was completely banned starting on July 1, 2012 in Japan. However, its long-term associations with the incidence rates of EHEC infections have never been assessed by formal interrupted time-series analysis (ITSA). METHODS A retrospective cohort study to assess the impact of banning raw beef liver provision at restaurants was conducted. The weekly incidence of asymptomatic and symptomatic EHEC infections, the incidence of HUS, and deaths were extracted from the national reportable diseases database from January 2008 to December 2017. ITSA was conducted to evaluate the impact of banning raw beef liver from July 2012. To account for a potential simultaneous external effect, the additional regulation on raw beef red meat handling (implemented in May 2011) and the seasonality were also incorporated into the model. RESULTS There were 32,179 asymptomatic and 21,250 symptomatic EHEC infections (including 717 HUS cases and 26 deaths) reported during the study period. During the pre-intervention period (before week 27, 2012), there were 0.45 asymptomatic EHEC infections per million-persons per week. The mean post-intervention asymptomatic EHEC infections were 0.51 per million-persons per week. ITSA revealed no baseline trend or change in the intercept and trend (0.002 infections per million-persons per week, 95% Confidence interval - 0.03-0.04, p = 0.93, 1.22, CI -1.96-4.39, p = 0.45, and - 0.006, CI -0.003-0.02, p = 0.68, respectively). For symptomatic EHEC infections, there were 0.30 cases per million per week during the pre-intervention period, and it became 0.33 cases per million per week after the intervention. Time series modeling again did not show a significant baseline trend or changes in the intercept and trend (0.0005, CI -0.02-0.02, p = 0.96, 0.69, CI -1.75-3.12, p = 0.58, and - 0.003, CI -0.02-0.01, p = 0.76, respectively). CONCLUSION We did not find a statistically significant reduction in the overall incidence rates of both asymptomatic and symptomatic EHEC infections in Japan after implementing measures, including a ban on serving raw beef liver dishes in the restaurant industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Iwata
- Division of Infectious Diseases Therapeutics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunokicho 7-5-2, Chuoku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| | - Michihiko Goto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
- Center for Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa 52246-2208 USA
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Miotto M, Ossai SA, Meredith JE, Barretta C, Kist A, Prudencio ES, R. W. Vieira C, Parveen S. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from mollusks in Brazil and the United States. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00738. [PMID: 30311420 PMCID: PMC6528596 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the serogroups, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Escherichia coli isolates from samples of bivalve mollusks collected along Santa Catarina coast, Brazil, and from the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA. One hundred forty-one E. coli isolates were characterized for serogroups with 181 specific O antisera and antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. The genetic diversity was assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The results showed that among the isolates, 19.9% were classified as multi-drug resistant (MDR) and resistance was most frequently observed to cephalothin, nitrofurantoin, and ampicillin. The predominant serogroups were O6, O8, and O38. Some serogroups were recognized as pathogenic E. coli. PFGE dendrograms indicated extensive genetic diversity among the isolates. Although characteristics of the E. coli isolates were highly variable, it is important to note that E. coli belonging to pathogenic serogroups and MDR isolates are present in mollusks of both study areas. This is the first report on the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of E. coli from mollusks from Santa Catarina and the Chesapeake Bay that should encourage studies focusing on comparison of isolates across countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Miotto
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Sylvia A. Ossai
- Food Science and Technology ProgramUniversity of Maryland Eastern ShorePrincess AnneMaryland
| | - Joan E. Meredith
- Food Science and Technology ProgramUniversity of Maryland Eastern ShorePrincess AnneMaryland
| | - Clarissa Barretta
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Airton Kist
- Laboratory of Computational and Applied Statistics, Department of Mathematics and StatisticsState University of Ponta GrossaPonta GrossaParanaBrazil
| | - Elane S. Prudencio
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Cleide R. W. Vieira
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Salina Parveen
- Food Science and Technology ProgramUniversity of Maryland Eastern ShorePrincess AnneMaryland
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Ota M, Kamigaki T, Mimura S, Nakashima K, Ogami T. An enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli outbreak spread through the environment at an institute for people with intellectual disabilities in Japan in 2005. Western Pac Surveill Response J 2019; 10:14-21. [PMID: 31720050 PMCID: PMC6831959 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2017.8.4.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) outbreak at an institute with multiple facilities for children and adults with intellectual disabilities was investigated to characterize the cases and identify risk factors for infection. METHODS A case was defined as a resident, a staff member or a visitor at the institute from 16 May through 30 June 2005 testing positive for type 2 Vero toxin-producing EHEC O157:H7 (confirmed case) or exhibiting bloody diarrhoea for two or more days (probable case). We collected and analysed demographic, clinical, laboratory and individual behaviour data to identify possible risk factors for infection and infection routes. RESULTS We recorded 58 confirmed cases, of which 13 were symptomatic. One probable case was also found. The median age of the patients was 37 years (range: 6-59 years). Thirty-six patients (61%) were male. Thirteen patients (93%) had diarrhoea and six (43%) had abdominal pain. Two developed haemolytic-uraemic syndrome but recovered. All the patients were treated with antibiotics and tested negative after treatment. Some residents had problems with personal hygiene. The residents of one of the facilities who cleaned a particular restroom had 18.0 times higher odds of being infected with EHEC (95% confidence interval: 4.0-102.4) than those who did not. DISCUSSION The source of the outbreak could not be identified; however, the infection may have spread through environmental sources contaminated with EHEC. We recommend that institutional settings, particularly those that accommodate people with intellectual disabilities, clean restrooms as often as possible to reduce possible infection from contact with infected surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ota
- Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Kamigaki
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japan Self Defense Force Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nakashima
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Daito Bunka University, Saitama, Japan
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Karnisova L, Marejkova M, Hrbackova H, Mellmann A, Karch H, Fruth A, Drevinek P, Blahova K, Bielaszewska M, Nunvar J. Attack of the clones: whole genome-based characterization of two closely related enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O26 epidemic lineages. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:647. [PMID: 30170539 PMCID: PMC6119250 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O26:H11/H-, the most common non-O157 serotype causing hemolytic uremic syndrome worldwide, are evolutionarily highly dynamic with new pathogenic clones emerging rapidly. Here, we investigated the population structure of EHEC O26 isolated from patients in several European countries using whole genome sequencing, with emphasis on a detailed analysis of strains of the highly virulent new European clone (nEC) which has spread since 1990s. RESULTS Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based analysis of 32 EHEC O26 isolated in the Czech Republic, Germany, Austria and Italy demonstrated a split of the nEC (ST29C2 clonal group) into two distinct lineages, which we termed, based on their temporal emergence, as "early" nEC and "late" nEC. The evolutionary divergence of the early nEC and late nEC is marked by the presence of 59 and 70 lineage-specific SNPs (synapomorphic mutations) in the genomes of the respective lineages. In silico analyses of publicly available E. coli O26 genomic sequences identified the late nEC lineage worldwide. Using a PCR designed to target the late nEC synapomorphic mutation in the sen/ent gene, we identified the early nEC decline accompanied by the late nEC rise in Germany and the Czech Republic since 2004 and 2013, respectively. Most of the late nEC strains harbor one of two major types of Shiga toxin 2a (Stx2a)-encoding prophages. The type I stx2a-phage is virtually identical to stx2a-phage of EHEC O104:H4 outbreak strain, whereas the type II stx2a-phage is a hybrid of EHEC O104:H4 and EHEC O157:H7 stx2a-phages and carries a novel mutation in Stx2a. Strains harboring these two phage types do not differ by the amounts and biological activities of Stx2a produced. CONCLUSIONS Using SNP-level analyses, we provide the evidence of the evolutionary split of EHEC O26:H11/H- nEC into two distinct lineages, and a recent replacement of the early nEC by the late nEC in Germany and the Czech Republic. PCR targeting the late nEC synapomorphic mutation in ent/sen enables the discrimination of early nEC strains and late nEC strains in clinical and environmental samples, thereby facilitating further investigations of their geographic distribution, prevalence, clinical significance and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Karnisova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Marejkova
- National Reference Laboratory for E. coli and Shigella, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hrbackova
- Laboratory for Tissue Cultures, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Mellmann
- Institute for Hygiene and the National Consulting Laboratory on Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Helge Karch
- Institute for Hygiene and the National Consulting Laboratory on Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Angelika Fruth
- National Reference Center for Salmonella and Other Enteric Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Pavel Drevinek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kveta Blahova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Bielaszewska
- National Reference Laboratory for E. coli and Shigella, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Nunvar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kinnula S, Hemminki K, Kotilainen H, Ruotsalainen E, Tarkka E, Salmenlinna S, Hallanvuo S, Leinonen E, Jukka O, Rimhanen-Finne R. Outbreak of multiple strains of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli associated with rocket salad, Finland, autumn 2016. Euro Surveill 2018; 23:1700666. [PMID: 30180926 PMCID: PMC6124187 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.35.1700666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In August 2016, an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) with 237 cases occurred in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. Gastroenteritis cases were reported at 11 events served by one catering company. Microbiological and epidemiological investigations suggested rocket salad as the cause of the outbreak. STEC ONT H11 and EPEC O111:H8 strains isolated from food samples containing rocket were identical to the patient isolates. In this outbreak, the reported symptoms were milder than considered before for STEC infection, and the guidelines for STEC control measures need to be updated based on the severity of the illness. Based on our experience in this outbreak, national surveillance criteria for STEC have been updated to meet the practice in reporting laboratories covering both PCR-positive and culture-confirmed findings. We suggest that EPEC could be added to the national surveillance since diagnostics for EPEC are routinely done in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohvi Kinnula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health Security Department, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Hemminki
- Environmental Health, Social and Health Services Espoo, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hannele Kotilainen
- City of Helsinki, Communicable Diseases, Epidemiology Unit, Social Services and Health Care Sector, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Ruotsalainen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eveliina Tarkka
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Salmenlinna
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health Security Department, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saija Hallanvuo
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Research and Laboratory Services Department, Microbiology Research Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Leinonen
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Food Safety Department, Microbiological Food Safety Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ollgren Jukka
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health Security Department, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ruska Rimhanen-Finne
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health Security Department, Helsinki, Finland
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Scavia G, Gianviti A, Labriola V, Chiani P, Maugliani A, Michelacci V, Minelli F, Tozzoli R, Caprioli A, Morabito S. A case of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) revealed an outbreak of Shiga toxin-2-producing Escherichia coli O26:H11 infection in a nursery, with long-lasting shedders and person-to-person transmission, Italy 2015. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:775-782. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Scavia
- European Union and National Reference Laboratory for E. coli, Dip. Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione, Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianviti
- Dipartimento di Nefrologia-Urologia, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Labriola
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione, Servizio di Igiene e Sanità Pubblica, ASL Roma 3, Roma, Italy
| | - Paola Chiani
- European Union and National Reference Laboratory for E. coli, Dip. Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione, Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Maugliani
- European Union and National Reference Laboratory for E. coli, Dip. Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione, Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Michelacci
- European Union and National Reference Laboratory for E. coli, Dip. Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione, Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Minelli
- European Union and National Reference Laboratory for E. coli, Dip. Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione, Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosangela Tozzoli
- European Union and National Reference Laboratory for E. coli, Dip. Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione, Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caprioli
- European Union and National Reference Laboratory for E. coli, Dip. Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione, Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Morabito
- European Union and National Reference Laboratory for E. coli, Dip. Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione, Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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21
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McFarland N, Bundle N, Jenkins C, Godbole G, Mikhail A, Dallman T, O'Connor C, McCarthy N, O'Connell E, Treacy J, Dabke G, Mapstone J, Landy Y, Moore J, Partridge R, Jorgensen F, Willis C, Mook P, Rawlings C, Acornley R, Featherstone C, Gayle S, Edge J, McNamara E, Hawker J, Balasegaram S. Recurrent seasonal outbreak of an emerging serotype of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC O55:H7 Stx2a) in the south west of England, July 2014 to September 2015. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 22:30610. [PMID: 28920571 PMCID: PMC5685211 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.36.30610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The first documented British outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O55:H7 began in the county of Dorset, England, in July 2014. Since then, there have been a total of 31 cases of which 13 presented with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). The outbreak strain had Shiga toxin (Stx) subtype 2a associated with an elevated risk of HUS. This strain had not previously been isolated from humans or animals in England. The only epidemiological link was living in or having close links to two areas in Dorset. Extensive investigations included testing of animals and household pets. Control measures included extended screening, iterative interviewing and exclusion of cases and high risk contacts. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) confirmed that all the cases were infected with similar strains. A specific source could not be identified. The combination of epidemiological investigation and WGS indicated, however, that this outbreak was possibly caused by recurrent introductions from a local endemic zoonotic source, that a highly similar endemic reservoir appears to exist in the Republic of Ireland but has not been identified elsewhere, and that a subset of cases was associated with human-to-human transmission in a nursery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëleen McFarland
- Health Protection Team (Fareham), Public Health England South East Centre, Fareham, United Kingdom.,These authors contributed equally to this article and share first authorship
| | - Nick Bundle
- These authors contributed equally to this article and share first authorship.,UK Field Epidemiology Training Programme, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom.,Field Epidemiology Services, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom.,European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire Jenkins
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gauri Godbole
- Reference Microbiology Services, National infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Mikhail
- Gastrointestinal Infection Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Dallman
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine O'Connor
- Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, National infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Noel McCarthy
- Field Epidemiology Services, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom.,University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.,National Institute Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emer O'Connell
- Field Epidemiology Services, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom.,UK Public Health Training Scheme, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juli Treacy
- Health Protection Team (Fareham), Public Health England South East Centre, Fareham, United Kingdom
| | - Girija Dabke
- Health Protection Team (Fareham), Public Health England South East Centre, Fareham, United Kingdom
| | - James Mapstone
- Public Health England South of England Region, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yvette Landy
- Bournemouth Borough Council, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Moore
- Weymouth & Portland Borough Council and West Dorset District Council, Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Frieda Jorgensen
- Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Willis
- Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Piers Mook
- Field Epidemiology Services, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom.,University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Chas Rawlings
- Field Epidemiology Services, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Joanne Edge
- Food Standards Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor McNamara
- Public Health Laboratory, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Jeremy Hawker
- Field Epidemiology Services, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom.,Gastrointestinal Infection Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sooria Balasegaram
- Field Epidemiology Services, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Yahata Y, Ohshima N, Odaira F, Nakamura N, Ichikawa H, Ichikawa H, Matsuno K, Shuri J, Toyozawa T, Terajima J, Watanabe H, Nakashima K, Sunagawa T, Taniguchi K, Okabe N. Web survey-based selection of controls for epidemiological analyses of a multi-prefectural outbreak of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 in Japan associated with consumption of self-grilled beef hanging tender. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:450-457. [PMID: 29397049 PMCID: PMC9134521 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268817003132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 occurred in multiple prefectures of Japan in November 2009. We conducted two case-control studies with trace-back and trace-forward investigations to determine the source. The case definition was met by 21 individuals; 14 (66.7%) were hospitalised, but no haemolytic uraemic syndrome, acute encephalopathy or deaths occurred. Median age was 23 (range 12-48) years and 14 cases were male (66.7%). No significant associations with food were found in a case-control study by local public health centres, but our matched case-control study using Internet surveys found that beef hanging tender (or hanger steak), derived from the diaphragm of the cattle, was significantly associated with illness (odds ratio = 15.77; 95% confidence interval, 2.00-124.11). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of isolates from patients and the suspected food showed five different patterns: two in faecal and food samples, and another three in patient faecal samples only, although there were epidemiological links to the meat consumed at the restaurants. Trace-back investigation implicated a common food processing company from outside Japan. Examination of the logistics of the meat processing company suggested that contamination did not occur in Japan. We concluded that the source of the outbreak was imported hanging tender. This investigation revealed that Internet surveys could be useful for outbreak investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Yahata
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - N. Ohshima
- Public Health Center, Medical Care Bureau, City of Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0015, Japan
| | - F. Odaira
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka 573-0022, Japan
| | - N. Nakamura
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Medical Corporations ARCWELL, Kanagawa 213-0001, Japan
| | - H. Ichikawa
- Public Health Center, Medical Care Bureau, City of Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0015, Japan
| | - H. Ichikawa
- Public Health Center, Medical Care Bureau, City of Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0015, Japan
| | - K. Matsuno
- Public Health Center, Medical Care Bureau, City of Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0015, Japan
| | - J. Shuri
- Public Health Center, Medical Care Bureau, City of Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0015, Japan
| | - T. Toyozawa
- Public Health Center, Medical Care Bureau, City of Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0015, Japan
| | - J. Terajima
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - H. Watanabe
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- International University of Health and Welfare, Akasaka, Tokyo 107-8402, Japan
| | - K. Nakashima
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Daito Bunka University, Saitama 355-0054, Japan
| | - T. Sunagawa
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - K. Taniguchi
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Mie 514-0125, Japan
| | - N. Okabe
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, Kanagawa 201-0821, Japan
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23
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Morita-Ishihara T, Iyoda S, Iguchi A, Ohnishi M. Secondary Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infection, Japan, 2010-2012. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 22:2181-2184. [PMID: 27869602 PMCID: PMC5189154 DOI: 10.3201/eid2212.160783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the potential public health risk caused by secondary Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections in Japan, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of STEC isolated from healthy adults during 2010-2012. Although prevalence among healthy adults was high, most STEC organisms displayed characteristics rarely found in isolates from symptomatic patients.
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24
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Fan R, Bai X, Fu S, Xu Y, Sun H, Wang H, Xiong Y. Tellurite resistance profiles and performance of different chromogenic agars for detection of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 266:295-300. [PMID: 29274486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are globally important food-borne pathogens. The isolation of non-O157 STEC is a significant public health challenge due to the dramatic diversity of their phenotypes and genotypes. In the present study, 476 non-O157 STEC strains representing 95 different O-serogroups were used to evaluate tellurite resistance and the performance of 12 different chromogenic agars. Of 476 strains, only 108 (22.7%) strains showed the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for potassium tellurite being higher than 4μg/ml, and 96 (20.2%) strains harbored intact ter genes cluster. The presence of ter genes was significantly correlated with tellurite resistance. Six commercial chromogenic agars (TBX, MAC, SMAC, Rainbow® Agar O157, CHROMagar™ ECC, and Fluorocult O157) supported the growth of all strains. However, CT-SMAC, CHROMagar™ O157, and CHROMagar™ STEC agars exhibited 12.2%, 31.1%, and 38.0% of growth inhibition, respectively. Furthermore, 4.6%, 33.2%, and 45.0% of strains were inhibited on RBA-USDA, RBA-NT, and BCM O157 agar media. Variations in tellurite resistance and colony appearance might result in discrepant performance of non-O157 STEC recovery from different chromogenic agars. Using inclusive agars or less selective agar in combination with highly selective agar should be suggested to recover most non-O157 STEC strains, which would increase the probability of recovering STECs from complex background microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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25
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Wang X, Du Y, Hua Y, Fu M, Niu C, Zhang B, Zhao W, Zhang Q, Wan C. The EspF N-Terminal of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL933w Imparts Stronger Toxicity Effects on HT-29 Cells than the C-Terminal. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:410. [PMID: 28983470 PMCID: PMC5613159 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 EspF is an important multifunctional protein that destroys the tight junctions of intestinal epithelial cells and promotes host cell apoptosis. However, its molecular mechanism remains elusive. We knocked out the espF sequence (747 bp, ΔespF), N-terminal sequence (219 bp, ΔespFN), and C-terminal sequence (528 bp, ΔespFC) separately using the pKD46-mediated λ Red homologous recombination system. Then, we built the corresponding complementation strains, namely, ΔespF/pespF, ΔespFN/pespFN, and ΔespFC/pespFC by overlap PCR, which were used in infecting HT-29 cells and BALB/C mice. The level of reactive oxygen species, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial trans-membrane potential, inflammatory factors, transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), and animal mortality were evaluated by DCFH-DA, double staining of Annexin V-FITC/PI, JC-1 staining, ELISA kit, and a mouse assay. The wild-type (WT), ΔespF, ΔespF/pespF, ΔespFC, ΔespFC/pespFC, ΔespFN, and ΔespFN/pespFN groups exhibited apoptotic rates of 68.3, 27.9, 64.9, 65.7, 73.4, 41.3, and 35.3% respectively, and mean TNF-α expression levels of 428 pg/mL, 342, 466, 446, 381, 383, and 374 pg/mL, respectively. In addition, the apoptotic rates and TNF-α levels of the WT, ΔespF/pespF, and ΔespFC were significantly higher than that of ΔespF, ΔespFN, ΔespFC/pespFC, and ΔespFN/pespFN group (p < 0.05). The N-terminal of EspF resulted in an increase in the number of apoptotic cells, TNF-α secretion, ROS generation, mitochondria apoptosis, and pathogenicity in BalB/c mice. In conclusion, the N-terminal domain of the Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 EspF more strongly promotes apoptosis and inflammation than the C-terminal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Du
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Ying Hua
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Muqing Fu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Cong Niu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Chengsong Wan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
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26
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Real-time genomic investigation underlying the public health response to a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26:H11 outbreak in a nursery. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 145:2998-3006. [PMID: 28925349 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268817001923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a significant cause of gastrointestinal infection and the haemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). STEC outbreaks are commonly associated with food but animal contact is increasingly being implicated in its transmission. We report an outbreak of STEC affecting young infants at a nursery in a rural community (three HUS cases, one definite case, one probable case, three possible cases and five carriers, based on the combination of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data) identified using culture-based and molecular techniques. The investigation identified repeated animal contact (animal farming and petting) as a likely source of STEC introduction followed by horizontal transmission. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used for real-time investigation of the incident and revealed a unique strain of STEC O26:H11 carrying stx2a and intimin. Following a public health intervention, no additional cases have occurred. This is the first STEC outbreak reported from Israel. WGS proved as a useful tool for rapid laboratory characterization and typing of the outbreak strain and informed the public health response at an early stage of this unusual outbreak.
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27
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Shiga Toxin (Verotoxin)-producing
Escherichia coli and Foodborne Disease:
A Review. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2017; 5:35-53. [PMID: 32231928 DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2016029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin (verotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important cause of foodborne disease. Since outcomes of the infections with STEC have a broad range of manifestation from asymptomatic infection or mild intestinal discomfort, to bloody diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and death, the disease is a serious burden in public health and classified as a notifiable infectious disease in many countries. Cattle and other ruminants are considered to be the major reservoirs of STEC though isolation of STEC from other animals have been reported. Hence, the source of contamination extends to a wide range of foods, not only beef products but also fresh produce, water, and environment contaminated by excretes from the animals, mainly cattle. A low- infectious dose of STEC makes the disease relatively contagious, and causes outbreaks with unknown contamination sources and, therefore, as a preventive measure against STEC infection, it is important to obtain characteristics of prevailing STEC isolates in the region through robust surveillance. Analysis of the isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) could help finding unrecognized foodborne outbreaks due to consumption of respective contaminated sources. However, though the results of molecular analysis of the isolates could indicate linkage of sporadic cases of STEC infection, it is hardly concluded that the cases are related via contaminated food source if it were not for epidemiological information. Therefore, it is essential to combine the results of strain analysis and epidemiological investigation rapidly to detect rapidly foodborne outbreaks caused by bacteria. This article reviews STEC infection as foodborne disease and further discusses key characteristics of STEC including pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, prevention and control of STEC infection. We also present the recent situation of the disease in Japan based on the surveillance of STEC infection.
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28
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Torres AG. Escherichia coli diseases in Latin America-a 'One Health' multidisciplinary approach. Pathog Dis 2017; 75:2966471. [PMID: 28158404 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and evolution of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains associated with animal and human infections continues being a topic of active investigation in recent years. Latin America has responded to this thread establishing the Latin American Coalition for Escherichia coli Research (LACER), a multidisciplinary group of scientists applying principles of the One Health initiative. LACER is integrating animal, human and environmental health for the mutual benefit of all, while reducing the impact of human disease. Here, I depict the usefulness of this approach by providing three examples from several priority areas in E. coli research and comparing them to the activities performed by LACER, which are enhancing collaborative efforts in biomedical research and providing a translational platform to connect with epidemiological studies and public health policy makers. The manuscript concludes with a brief historical description regarding the establishment of LACER, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between health professionals of different international organizations and not only across one specific country, to effectively combat current and future E. coli infections. The benefits of utilizing 'One Health' concepts in the establishment of LACER should encourage other professionals studying zoonotic or environmentally acquired human infections to implement effective international collaborations to combat common problems.
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29
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Pereira C, Moreirinha C, Lewicka M, Almeida P, Clemente C, Romalde JL, Nunes ML, Almeida A. Characterization and in vitro evaluation of new bacteriophages for the biocontrol of Escherichia coli. Virus Res 2016; 227:171-182. [PMID: 27756632 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the present study two new phages (phT4A and ECA2) were characterized and their efficacy was evaluated separately and in cocktail (phT4A/ECA2) to control Escherichia coli. The isolated phages, phT4A and ECA2, belonged to the Myoviridae and Podoviridae family, respectively and both are safe (no integrase and toxin codifying genes) to be used in bacterial control. In general, the increase of multiplicity of infection (MOI) from 1 to 100 promoted a significant increase in the efficiency of phage phT4A and phage cocktail phT4A/ECA2. Both phages were effective against E. coli, but phage phT4A (reduction of 5.8 log CFU/mL after 8h treatment) was more effective than phage ECA2 phage (reduction of 4.7 log CFU/mL after 8h treatment). The use of a cocktail phT4A/ECA2 was significantly more effective (reductions of 6.2 log CFU/mL after 6h treatment) than the use single phage suspensions of phT4A and ECA2 (reductions 5.3 log CFU/mL and 4.9 log CFU/mL, respectively, after 6h treatment). The rate of emergence of phage-resistant mutants was lower for phage phT4A when compared with phage ECA2 and phage cocktail phT4A/ECA2.The results indicate that in addition to the efficacy, the potential development of phage-resistant mutants must also be considered in the design of phage cocktails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina Moreirinha
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Magdalena Lewicka
- STAB VIDA-Investigação e Serviços em Ciências Biológicas, Madan Parque, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paulo Almeida
- STAB VIDA-Investigação e Serviços em Ciências Biológicas, Madan Parque, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carla Clemente
- STAB VIDA-Investigação e Serviços em Ciências Biológicas, Madan Parque, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Departamento de Microbiología e Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biologia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n., 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria L Nunes
- Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA IP), Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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30
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Pereira C, Moreirinha C, Teles L, Rocha RJM, Calado R, Romalde JL, Nunes ML, Almeida A. Application of phage therapy during bivalve depuration improves Escherichia coli decontamination. Food Microbiol 2016; 61:102-112. [PMID: 27697159 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential application of the bacteriophage (or phage) phT4A, ECA2 and the phage cocktail phT4A/ECA2 to decrease the concentration of Escherichia coli during the depuration of natural and artificially contaminated cockles. Depuration in static seawater at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 with single phage suspensions of phT4A and ECA2 was the best condition, as it decreased by ∼2.0 log CFU/g the concentration of E. coli in artificially contaminated cockles after a 4 h of treatment. When naturally contaminated cockles were treated in static seawater with single phage suspensions and the phage cocktail, similar decreases in the concentration of E. coli (∼0.7 log CFU/g) were achieved. However, when employing the phage cocktail, a longer treatment time was required to obtain comparable results to those achieved when using single phage suspensions. When naturally contaminated cockles were depurated with phage phT4A in a recirculated seawater system (mimicking industrial depuration conditions), a 0.6 log CFU/g reduction of E. coli was achieved after a 2 h of treatment. When the depuration process was performed without phage addition, a 4 h treatment was necessary to obtain a similar decrease. By combining phage therapy and depuration procedures, a reduction in bivalves depuration period can be achieved for, thus decreasing the cost associated with this procedure and even enhance the quality and safety of depurated bivalves destined for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pereira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina Moreirinha
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luís Teles
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui J M Rocha
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calado
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Departamento de Microbiología e Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biologia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n., 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria L Nunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Pereira C, Moreirinha C, Lewicka M, Almeida P, Clemente C, Cunha Â, Delgadillo I, Romalde JL, Nunes ML, Almeida A. Bacteriophages with potential to inactivate Salmonella Typhimurium: Use of single phage suspensions and phage cocktails. Virus Res 2016; 220:179-92. [PMID: 27126773 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the dynamics of three previously isolated bacteriophages (or phages) individually (phSE-1, phSE-2 and phSE-5) or combined in cocktails of two or three phages (phSE-1/phSE-2, phSE-1/phSE-5, phSE-2/phSE-5 and phSE-1/phSE-2/phSE-5) to control Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium) in order to evaluate their potential application during depuration. Phages were assigned to the family Siphoviridae and revealed identical restriction digest profiles, although they showed a different phage adsorption, host range, burst size, explosion time and survival in seawater. The three phages were effective against S. Typhimurium (reduction of ∼2.0 log CFU/mL after 4h treatment). The use of cocktails was not significantly more effective than the use of single phages. A big fraction of the remained bacteria are phage-resistant mutants (frequency of phage-resistant mutants 9.19×10(-5)-5.11×10(-4)) but phage- resistant bacterial mutants was lower for the cocktail phages than for the single phage suspensions and the phage phSE-1 presented the highest rate of resistance and phage phSE-5 the lowest one. The spectral changes of S. Typhimurium resistant and phage-sensitive cells were compared and revealed relevant differences for peaks associated to amide I (1620cm(-1)) and amide II (1515cm(-1)) from proteins and from carbohydrates and phosphates region (1080-1000cm(-1)). Despite the similar efficiency of individual phages, the development of lower resistance indicates that phage cocktails might be the most promising choice to be used during the bivalve depuration to control the transmission of salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina Moreirinha
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Magdalena Lewicka
- STAB VIDA-Investigação e Serviços em Ciências Biológicas, Madan Parque, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paulo Almeida
- STAB VIDA-Investigação e Serviços em Ciências Biológicas, Madan Parque, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carla Clemente
- STAB VIDA-Investigação e Serviços em Ciências Biológicas, Madan Parque, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ângela Cunha
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ivonne Delgadillo
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jésus L Romalde
- Departamento de Microbiología e Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biologia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria L Nunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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