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Akbari E, Milani A, Seyedinkhorasani M, Bolhassani A. HPV co-infections with other pathogens in cancer development: A comprehensive review. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29236. [PMID: 37997472 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) cause various malignancies in the anogenital and oropharyngeal regions. About 70% of cervical and oropharyngeal cancers are caused by HPV types 16 and 18. Notably, some viruses including herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human immunodeficiency virus along with various bacteria often interact with HPV, potentially impacting its replication, persistence, and cancer progression. Thus, HPV infection can be significantly influenced by co-infecting agents that influence infection dynamics and disease progression. Bacterial co-infections (e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis) along with bacterial vaginosis-related species also interact with HPV in genital tract leading to viral persistence and disease outcomes. Co-infections involving HPV and diverse infectious agents have significant implications for disease transmission and clinical progression. This review explores multiple facets of HPV infection encompassing the co-infection dynamics with other pathogens, interaction with the human microbiome, and its role in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Akbari
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Milani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Li Y, Wei B, Xue X, Li H, Li J. Microbiome changes in esophageal cancer: implications for pathogenesis and prognosis. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 21:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0177. [PMID: 37817487 PMCID: PMC10884538 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Various factors, including dietary habits, and antacid and antibiotic use, have been shown to influence the esophageal microbiome. Conversely, enrichment and diversity of the esophageal microbiome can also impact its function. Recent studies have revealed prevalent changes in the esophageal microbiome among patients with EC, thus suggesting the potential contribution of the esophageal microbiome to EC development. Additionally, distinct microbiome compositions have been observed in patients with different responses to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, indicating the role of the esophageal microbiome in modulating treatment outcomes. In this review, we have examined previous studies on the esophageal microbiome in healthy individuals and patients with EC or other esophageal diseases, with a focus on identifying microbial communities associated with EC pathogenesis and prognosis. Understanding the role of the microbiome in EC may aid in early detection and optimized treatment strategies, ultimately leading to better outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Clinical Pathology Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Clinical Pathology Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xia Xue
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hongle Li
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Clinical Pathology Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Clinical Pathology Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Ling D, Liu A, Sun J, Wang Y, Wang L, Song X, Zhao X. Integration of IDPC Clustering Analysis and Interpretable Machine Learning for Survival Risk Prediction of Patients with ESCC. Interdiscip Sci 2023:10.1007/s12539-023-00569-9. [PMID: 37248421 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-023-00569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Precise forecasting of survival risk plays a pivotal role in comprehending and predicting the prognosis of patients afflicted with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The existing methods have the problems of insufficient fitting ability and poor interpretability. To address this issue, this work proposes a novel interpretable survival risk prediction method for ESCC patients based on extreme gradient boosting improved by whale optimization algorithm (WOA-XGBoost) and shapley additive explanations (SHAP). Given the imbalanced nature of the data set, the adaptive synthetic sampling (ADASYN) is first used to generate the samples with high survival risk. Then, an improved clustering by fast search and find of density peaks (IDPC) algorithm based on cosine distance and K nearest neighbors is used to cluster the patients. Next, the prediction model for each cluster is obtained by WOA-XGBoost and the constructed model is visualized with SHAP to uncover the factors hidden in the structured model and improve the interpretability of the black-box model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by analyzing the data collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The results of the analysis reveal that the proposed methodology exhibits superior performance, as indicated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.918 and accuracy of 0.881.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ling
- Henan Key Lab of Information-Based Electrical Appliances, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Anhao Liu
- Henan Key Lab of Information-Based Electrical Appliances, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Junwei Sun
- Henan Key Lab of Information-Based Electrical Appliances, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Henan Key Lab of Information-Based Electrical Appliances, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Lidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xueke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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Yu Q, Xia N, Zhao Y, Jin H, Chen R, Ye F, Chen L, Xie Y, Wan K, Zhou J, Zhou D, Lv X. Genome-wide methylation profiling identify hypermethylated HOXL subclass genes as potential markers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma detection. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:247. [PMID: 36447287 PMCID: PMC9706897 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have revealed aberrant DNA methylation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, they often focused on the partial genome, which resulted in an inadequate understanding of the shaped methylation features and the lack of available methylation markers for this disease. METHODS The current study investigated the methylation profiles between ESCC and paired normal samples using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data and obtained a group of differentially methylated CpGs (DMC), differentially methylated regions (DMR), and differentially methylated genes (DMG). The DMGs were then verified in independent datasets and Sanger sequencing in our custom samples. Finally, we attempted to evaluate the performance of these genes as methylation markers for the classification of ESCC. RESULTS We obtained 438,558 DMCs, 15,462 DMRs, and 1568 DMGs. The four significantly enriched gene families of DMGs were CD molecules, NKL subclass, HOXL subclass, and Zinc finger C2H2-type. The HOXL subclass homeobox genes were observed extensively hypermethylated in ESCC. The HOXL-score estimated by HOXC10 and HOXD1 methylation, whose methylation status were then confirmed by sanger sequencing in our custom ESCC samples, showed good ability in discriminating ESCC from normal samples. CONCLUSIONS We observed widespread hypomethylation events in ESCC, and the hypermethylated HOXL subclass homeobox genes presented promising applications for the early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuning Yu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Namei Xia
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Yanteng Zhao
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Huifang Jin
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Renyin Chen
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Fanglei Ye
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Liyinghui Chen
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Ying Xie
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Kangkang Wan
- Wuhan Ammunition Life-tech Company, Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Wuhan Ammunition Life-tech Company, Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Dihan Zhou
- Wuhan Ammunition Life-tech Company, Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xianping Lv
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
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Yuan W, Li S, Jia J, Wang L, Huang Y, Wang M, Xie F, Li J, Hao Y. Human papillomavirus is an important risk factor for esophageal carcinoma in a Chinese population. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04322-5. [PMID: 36394699 PMCID: PMC10349784 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Different types of HPV have been associated with cancer in humans, but the role of HPV in esophageal cancer (EC) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between HPV infection and EC in the Chinese population and to provide the scientific basis for the future prevention, control, early diagnosis, and treatment strategies of EC in China.
Methods
PCR detected HPV infection in 1112 esophageal cancer tissue samples, and 89 HPV-positive samples were detected by genotyping. Proximity ligation assays (PLAs) and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of HPV E6 and E7 proteins. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the integration of HPV16 E6. The level of HPV-specific antibody IgG in serum was detected by ELISA and PLA.
Results
The positive rates of HPV L1, HPV16, HPV18, hpv16 + 18 E6 and hpv16/18 E6 in 1,112 EC tissue samples were 77.6%, 41.4%, 27.2%, 14.2% and 55.4% respectively. Multiple HPV subtypes were detected in HPV-positive EC samples. PLA showed that E6 and E7 were expressed in EC109 and formed complexes with p53 and pRb, respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed that the positive rates of hpv16 + 18 E6 and E7 in HPV-positive EC samples were 56.4% and 37.0%, respectively. HPV-DNA integration rate in HPV-positive EC tissues (88.79%) was higher than that in adjacent tissues (54.17%). HPV antibody was found in the serum of EC patients by a serological test.
Conclusion
The study suggests that HPV, especially HPV16 and HPV18, the infection may be a risk factor for EC in the Chinese population and that the E6 protein may play a key role in HPV-associated malignancies. These results may be important for the prevention and treatment of HPV-positive EC in China.
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Rajput N, Gholap D, Mhatre S, Dikshit R. Epidemiological Review: Esophagus Squamous Cell Carcinoma in India. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWorldwide the incidence of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), remains one of the most common causes of cancer death. ESCC is one of the leading types of cancer in the North and Northeast regions of India among both genders. Risk factors of ESCC include tobacco, alcohol, areca nut, hot beverages, low fruit diet, poor oral hygiene, unpiped water, and human papillomavirus infection. This review tries to elaborate on various modifiable risk factors for ESCC, which have been studied worldwide and need to be studied in India. PubMed was used as a search platform using keywords, such as “esophagus cancer,” “esophagus squamous cell carcinoma,” “epidemiology,” “India,” “incidence,” “mortality,” “risk factors,” “treatment,” “survival,” “prevention” and their corresponding Medical Subject Heading terms, were used in combination with Boolean operators “OR” and “AND.” Studies from India are mostly hospital-based case-control studies from the North region. Further research is required in India to understand the etiology, to design large-scale screening and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Rajput
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Devyani Gholap
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sharayu Mhatre
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh Dikshit
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Hussain S, Rani J, Tulsyan S, Sisodiya S, Chikara A, Nazir SU, Srivastava A, Khan A, Dash NR, Saraya A, Das BC. Influence of HPV infection in esophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Baj J, Forma A, Dudek I, Chilimoniuk Z, Dobosz M, Dobrzyński M, Teresiński G, Buszewicz G, Flieger J, Portincasa P. The Involvement of Human Papilloma Virus in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112607. [PMID: 35681587 PMCID: PMC9179480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. HPV infection has a strong relationship with the onset of cervix uteri, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynx, but also tonsils and tongue cancers. Some epidemiological data indicate that except for gynecologic cancers, HPV infection can be one of the risk factors associated with a greater risk of induction and progression of gastrointestinal cancers. Data, however, remain contradictory and definite conclusions cannot be drawn, so far. The following review aims to organize recent evidence and summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the association between HPV infection and gastrointestinal tumors primarily focusing on esophageal, liver, gastric, colorectal, and anal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Iga Dudek
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Zuzanna Chilimoniuk
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Maciej Dobosz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Michał Dobrzyński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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Broecker F, Moelling K. The Roles of the Virome in Cancer. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122538. [PMID: 34946139 PMCID: PMC8706120 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections as well as changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and virome have been linked to cancer. Moreover, the success of cancer immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has been correlated with the intestinal microbial composition of patients. The transfer of feces-which contain mainly bacteria and their viruses (phages)-from immunotherapy responders to non-responders, known as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), has been shown to be able to convert some non-responders to responders. Since phages may also increase the response to immunotherapy, for example by inducing T cells cross-reacting with cancer antigens, modulating phage populations may provide a new avenue to improve immunotherapy responsiveness. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the human virome and its links to cancer, and discuss the potential utility of bacteriophages in increasing the responder rate for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Broecker
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Karin Moelling
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastr. 30, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (K.M.)
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Li P, Lv H, Wu Y, Xu K, Xu M, Ma Y. E2F transcription factor 1 is involved in the phenotypic modulation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells via microRNA-375. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10047-10062. [PMID: 34699320 PMCID: PMC8809976 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F family of transcription factors modulates multiple cellular functions associated with cell cycle and apoptosis. Here, we focused on the relevance of E2F1 to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and identification of E2F1-mediated network in this study. Query of Gene Expression Omnibus database revealed that E2F1 was the core gene that was upregulated in ESCC. E2F1 downregulation inhibited ESCC cell activity. microRNA (miR)-375 was confirmed to be a downstream target of E2F1. E2F1 bound to miR-375 promoter and inhibited miR-375 transcription. Moreover, miR-375 inhibitor mitigated the repressive impacts of si-E2F1 on ESCC cells in part. Further study showed that sestrin 3 (SESN3) could interact with miR-375, and its knockdown annulled the stimulative effect of miR-375 inhibitor on ESCC development. Finally, E2F1 and SESN3 downregulation inhibited the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway activity in cells, while miR-375 inhibitor promoted PI3K/AKT pathway activation. These findings suggest that E2F1 inhibited miR-375 expression and promoted SESN3 expression to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huina Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongkai Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yegang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Xu J, Liu X, Liu X, Zhi Y. Long noncoding RNA KCNMB2-AS1 promotes the development of esophageal cancer by modulating the miR-3194-3p/PYGL axis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6687-6702. [PMID: 34516362 PMCID: PMC8806829 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1973775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (ESCA), as a common cancer worldwide, is a main cause of cancer-related mortality. Comprehensive studies on molecular mechanism of ESCA have been carried out. Though numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) was reported to participate in the occurrence and development of ESCA, the potential role of lncRNA potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 (KCNMB2) antisense RNA 1 (KCNMB2-AS1) in ESCA remains to be discovered. This study intends to investigate the detailed function and molecular mechanism of KCNMB2-AS1 in ESCA. Gene expression was evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell proliferation was examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay. Cell invasion and migration were measured by wound healing assay and Transwell assay. Luciferase reporter assay was adopted to validate the interaction between KCNMB2-AS1 and miR-3194-3p. Western blotting was performed to assess protein levels. We discovered that KCNMB2-AS1 was significantly upregulated in ESCA. KCNMB2-AS1 downregulation suppressed the growth, invasion, migration and stemness of ESCA cells. KCNMB2-AS1 bound with miR-3194-3p, and glycogen phosphorylase L (PYGL) was a direct target of miR-3194-3p. KCNMB2-AS1 upregulated PYGL expression by directly binding with miR-3194-3p. Additionally, PYGL overexpression abolished the inhibitory influence of KCNMB2-AS1 depletion on ESCA cell behaviors. Collectively, lncRNA KCNMB2-AS1 promotes ESCA development through targeting the miR-3194-3p/ PYGL axis, which might provide theoretical basis to explore novel biomarkers for ESCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yunlai Zhi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Different Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus between Cervical and Esophageal Cancers: A Study in Both High-Incidence Areas, Xinjiang, China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7926754. [PMID: 33354570 PMCID: PMC7735827 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7926754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to reveal the certain human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution between cervical cancer and esophageal cancer in the both high-incidence geographic regions. For this study, we collected and detected the infection of HPV in 120 paraffin-embedded esophageal tissues and 152 paraffin-embedded cervical tissues, respectively. The esophageal tissues include 40 normal epithelium (ENOR), 26 dysplasia (DYS), and 54 invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The cervical tissues consisted of 40 normal epithelium (CNOR), 53 intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 59 invasive squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Both esophageal and cervical tissues collected in this study came from the same area, in which both the ESCC and CSCC were in high incidence, Xinjiang province, China. HPV GenoArray test kits were served to analyze the HPV infection. The result shows that among the 59 CSCC tissues, the total infection rate of HPV was 98.3% (58/59). The positive rate of HPV-16 infection was 63.8% (37/58). It indicated that HPV-16 is the most common infection among all of the high-risk HPV. The multiple infection rate was 19.0% (11/58). Among the 54 ESCC, a total of 7 genotypes were detected. The total infection rate of HPV was 61.1% (33/54). The positive rate of HPV-16 infection was 63.6% (21/33). The multiple infection rate was 6.1% (2/33). Our result shows that high-risk-type HPV-16 was associated with both cervical cancer and esophageal cancer, which play a role in the high-incidence area in Xinjiang. We hope that our results could point out the direction for the treatment strategy of HPV-associated cancer, cervical cancer, and esophageal cancer and for the application of HPV vaccines in the future.
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Marônek M, Link R, Monteleone G, Gardlík R, Stolfi C. Viruses in Cancers of the Digestive System: Active Contributors or Idle Bystanders? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218133. [PMID: 33143318 PMCID: PMC7663754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human virome, which is a collection of all the viruses that are present in the human body, is increasingly being recognized as an essential part of the human microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract and related organs (e.g., liver, pancreas, and gallbladder)-composing the gastrointestinal (or digestive) system-contain a huge number of viral particles which contribute to maintaining tissue homeostasis and keeping our body healthy. However, perturbations of the virome steady-state may, both directly and indirectly, ignite/sustain oncogenic mechanisms contributing to the initiation of a dysplastic process and/or cancer progression. In this review, we summarize and discuss the available evidence on the association and role of viruses in the development of cancers of the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Marônek
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (R.G.)
| | - René Link
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roman Gardlík
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-72596163
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MOHAMMADPOUR B, ROUHI S, KHODABANDEHLOO M, MORADI M. Prevalence and Association of Human Papillomavirus with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 48:1215-1226. [PMID: 31497542 PMCID: PMC6708531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) can infect the epithelium of the esophagus, but so far there is no reliable and comprehensive evidence about the prevalence and association of HPV with esophageal cancer in Iran, as high incidence region. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and association of HPV with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Iran. METHODS Relevant English and Persian articles published up to Aug 2017 and indexed in databases were reviewed. Frequency of HPV genotypes in ESCC cases and controls was surveyed according to regions of Iran. Data were meta-analyzed with random effects models using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. RESULTS Overall, 14 studies were eligible including 1444 samples (1062 ESCC cases and 382 controls). HPV was positive in 269 (25.32%) of 1062 ESCC cases and in 65 (17.01%) of 382 controls. Total prevalence of HPV in both groups was estimated 0.256 (95%CI, 0.208%-0.310%). The prevalence of HPV-16 and HPV-18 was estimated 0.121 (95%CI: 0.087-0.183) and 0.046 (95%CI; 0.023-0.088), respectively. The difference in HPV prevalence in different regions of Iran was statistically significant (Q=18.20, df =4, P=0.001). In 6 case-control studies, the pooled odds ratio was estimated 1.99 (95%CI; 0.916-4.315). CONCLUSION High-risk HPVs were observed in ESCC cases and controls from different regions of Iran. The odds ratio indicates that the HPV infection in ESCC cases was approximately 2 fold more than the controls. More case-control studies in other populations with larger sample size are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir MOHAMMADPOUR
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Samaneh ROUHI
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mazaher KHODABANDEHLOO
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran,Corresponding Author:
| | - Masoud MORADI
- Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Area socioeconomic status is independently associated with esophageal cancer mortality in Shandong, China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6388. [PMID: 31011152 PMCID: PMC6476882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a leading cause of cancer death in China. Within Shandong Province, a geographic cluster with high EC mortality has been identified, however little is known about how area-level socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with EC mortality in this province. Multilevel models were applied to EC mortality data in 2011–13 among Shandong residents aged 40+ years. Area-level SES factors consisted of residential type (urban/rural) of the sub-county-level units (n = 262) and SES index (range: 0–10) of the county-level units (n = 142). After adjustment for age and sex, residents living in rural areas had a 22% (95% CI: 13–32%) higher risk of dying from EC than those in urban areas. With each unit increase in the SES index, the average risk of dying from EC reduced by 10% (95% CI: 3–18%). The adjustment of area-level SES variables had little impact on the risk ratio of EC mortality between the high-mortality cluster and the rest of Shandong. In conclusion, rural residence and lower SES index are strongly associated with elevated risks of EC death. However, these factors are independent of the high mortality in the cluster area of Shandong. The underlying causes for this geographic disparity need to be further investigated.
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Wang L, Zhang Z, Yu X, Huang X, Liu Z, Chai Y, Yang L, Wang Q, Li M, Zhao J, Hou J, Li F. Unbalanced YAP-SOX9 circuit drives stemness and malignant progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2018; 38:2042-2055. [PMID: 30401982 PMCID: PMC6756096 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been identified as a key regulator of tissue homeostasis. However, the precise role and regulatory mechanism of YAP in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Here we report that the genetic or pharmacological inhibition of YAP repressed cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties, including tumorsphere-forming potential, cell motility, and chemoresistance in vitro, and was sufficient to attenuate tumor growth and CSC marker expression in ESCC xenografts. Mechanistically, YAP transcriptionally activated its downstream target SOX9 via TEAD1-mediated binding. We also observed a positive correlation between YAP signaling and SOX9 expression in two independent clinical cohorts. Intriguingly, YAP-targeting microRNAs, including miR-506-3p, which were induced by SOX9, post-transcriptionally repressed YAP expression, contributing to a negative feedback mechanism. Dual inhibition of YAP and SOX9 robustly suppressed malignant phenotypes. Notably, ESCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset had frequent (44%) instances of YAP gene amplification and genetic inactivation of Hippo pathway regulators. Nuclear YAP expression was elevated in 197 ESCC tissues from a Chinese cohort. Together, our findings provide evidence that genetic hyperactivation of YAP unbalances the YAP–SOX9 feedback loop and confers CSC-like features in ESCC, suggesting that this YAP–SOX9 circuit represents a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.,Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.,Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Chai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China. .,Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Agalliu I, Chen Z, Wang T, Hayes RB, Freedman ND, Gapstur SM, Burk RD. Oral Alpha, Beta, and Gamma HPV Types and Risk of Incident Esophageal Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:1168-1175. [PMID: 30087123 PMCID: PMC6170688 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have examined association between human papillomaviruses (HPV) and esophageal cancer, but results have been inconsistent. This is the first prospective study to investigate associations between α, β and γ HPV detection in the oral cavity and risk of esophageal cancer.Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study among 96,650 cancer-free participants in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Cohort and the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Incident esophageal cancer cases (n = 125) were identified during an average 3.9 years of follow-up. Three controls per case (n = 372) were selected and matched on age, sex, race/ethnicity, and time since mouthwash collection. α, β, and γ HPV DNA in oral samples were detected using a next-generation sequencing assay. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate OR and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for smoking and alcohol consumption. Statistical significance was evaluated using permutation test.Results: Prevalence of oral α, β, and γ HPV was 18.4%, 64.8%, and 42.4% in cases and 14.3%, 55.1%, and 33.6% in controls, respectively. Oral HPV16 detection was not associated with esophageal cancer (OR = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.1-4.84) and none of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases (n = 28) were HPV16 positive. Some oral HPV types were more common in cases than controls; however, none of the associations were statistically significant.Conclusions: Although HPVs in the oral cavity are very common, this study showed no evidence of association between oral HPVs and esophageal cancer.Impact: Oral HPVs may not contribute to risk of esophageal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(10); 1168-75. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Agalliu
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
| | - Zigui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Department of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Robert D Burk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology; and Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Hošnjak L, Poljak M. A systematic literature review of studies reporting human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in esophageal carcinoma over 36 years (1982–2017). ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2018. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2018.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cheah PL, Koh CC, Khang TF, Goh KL, Lau PC, Chin KF, Teoh KH, Toh YF, Looi LM. Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in a Malaysian cohort show a lack of association with human papillomavirus. J Dig Dis 2018; 19:272-278. [PMID: 29722130 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With an age-standardized incidence rate of 2 per 100 000, esophageal cancer is not common among Malaysians, but they are nevertheless important due to its poor prognosis. The study is to clarify whether the human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with esophageal cancer in Malaysians as there has been no report to date on this in Malaysians and other South East Asians. METHODS Altogether 67 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas histologically diagnosed between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2014 at the Department of Pathology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Malaysia were considered for HPV analysis using two commercially available methods, polymerase chain reaction with flow-through hybridization (21 HPV GenoArray Diagnostic Kit) and multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (Anyplex II HPV28 Detection). The DNA amplifiability of the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor was checked by amplification of a 268 bp segment of the human β-globin gene (GH20/PC04) prior to HPV detection. RESULTS HPV detection was finally carried out in 51 patients. HPV16 was detected in the moderately differentiated, stage IV lower esophageal tumor of a 32-year-old Malaysian-born Chinese woman by both methods. Except for a predilection for Indians, the clinical characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in this Malaysian cohort were generally similar to those of other populations. CONCLUSION It appears that HPV is rare and an unlikely oncovirus in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas of Malaysians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaik-Leng Cheah
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cing-Chai Koh
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tsung Fei Khang
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khean-Lee Goh
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Peng-Choong Lau
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kin-Fah Chin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kean-Hooi Teoh
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yen-Fa Toh
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lai-Meng Looi
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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High Prevalence of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Repair of Esophageal Atresia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 16:513-521.e6. [PMID: 29133255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Esophageal atresia is rare, but improved surgical and intensive care techniques have increased rates of survival in children, so there are now many adults with this disorder. Many patients with esophageal atresia develop gastroesophageal reflux (GER), raising concerns about increased risk of Barrett's esophagus (BE; prevalence of 1.3%-1.6% in general population) and esophageal carcinoma. We assessed the prevalence of BE and esophageal carcinoma in this population. METHODS We performed a prospective study of 289 patients with esophageal atresia at the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Erasmus MC University Medical Center in The Netherlands, from May 2012 through March 2017. A total of 151 (median age, 25.4 y; age range, 16.8-68.6 y) underwent upper endoscopies as part of a surveillance program for (pre)malignant esophageal lesions. Biopsies were collected and analyzed by histology. We collected data on patients' use of medications, tobacco, and alcohol; gastrointestinal symptoms; ability to swallow; complaints of GER; and type of atresia and surgeries. Prevalence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was determined using data from The Netherlands Cancer Registry. The number of persons alive on January 1, 2016, in the esophageal atresia cohort and in the general Dutch population were used to calculate the 10-year prevalence of ESCC per 100,000 persons in both populations. RESULTS Forty-seven percent of patients with esophageal atresia had a history of GER and 20.5% had undergone fundoplication surgery. Endoscopy revealed normal esophagus in 68.2% of patients, esophagitis in 7.3%, and columnar-lined esophagus in 24.5%. Histology revealed normal mucosa in 50.3% of patients, esophagitis in 23.2%, gastric metaplasia in 17.2%, and BE in 6.6% (at a median age of 31.6 years). A history of fundoplication surgery was associated with BE (P = .03). Three ESCCs developed, in 2 men, at ages 42, 44, and 60 years. This corresponded to a prevalence of 0.7% in patients with esophageal atresia-a value 108-fold higher than in the same age group in the general population. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of BE is 4-fold higher in young adults with esophageal atresia, and the prevalence of ESCC is 108-fold higher than in the general population. This finding could have important implications for transition of young adults from pediatric care to adult gastroenterology departments to receive life-long endoscopic follow-up evaluation to facilitate early diagnosis of relevant lesions.
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Vergouwe FWT, Gottrand M, Wijnhoven BPL, IJsselstijn H, Piessen G, Bruno MJ, Wijnen RMH, Spaander MCW. Four cancer cases after esophageal atresia repair: Time to start screening the upper gastrointestinal tract. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1056-1062. [PMID: 29531469 PMCID: PMC5840470 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i9.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal atresia (EA) is one of the most common congenital digestive malformations and requires surgical correction early in life. Dedicated centers have reported survival rates up to 95%. The most frequent comorbidities after EA repair are dysphagia (72%) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) (67%). Chronic GER after EA repair might lead to mucosal damage, esophageal stricturing, Barrett’s esophagus and eventually esophageal adenocarcinoma. Several long-term follow-up studies found an increased risk of Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal carcinoma in EA patients, both at a relatively young age. Given these findings, the recent ESPGHAN-NASPGHAN guideline recommends routine endoscopy in adults born with EA. We report a series of four EA patients who developed a carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract: three esophageal carcinoma and one colorectal carcinoma in a colonic interposition. These cases emphasize the importance of lifelong screening of the upper gastrointestinal tract in EA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor WT Vergouwe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam 3000 CB, Netherlands
| | - Madeleine Gottrand
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeanne de Flandre Children’s Hospital - Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Lille 59000, France
| | - Bas PL Wijnhoven
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke IJsselstijn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam 3000 CB, Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Piessen
- Department of Digestive and Oncological Surgery, Claude Huriez Hospital - Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Lille 59000, France
| | - Marco J Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, Netherlands
| | - René MH Wijnen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam 3000 CB, Netherlands
| | - Manon CW Spaander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, Netherlands
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Modifiable factors and esophageal cancer: a systematic review of published meta-analyses. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:37-51. [PMID: 28821981 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There are marked differences in the etiology of the major histological types of esophageal cancer (EC)-squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) and adenocarcinomas (EAC). This study aimed to summarize the current scientific knowledge on modifiable risk factors for EC, by histological type, through a systematic review of meta-analyses referenced in PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge. We identified 100 meta-analyses on risk factors for ESCC (n = 54), EAC (n = 43), or EC (n = 51). ESCC risk significantly increased with alcohol and maté drinking, smoking, red and processed meat consumption and human papillomavirus infection, while it was negatively associated with body mass index and consumption of fruit, vegetables, white meat, folate, and some carotenoids. Cessation of drinking and smoking significantly reduced ESCC risk. For EAC, an increased risk was reported for smoking, body mass index, and red and processed meat consumption, while risk decreased with Helicobacter pylori infection, low/moderate alcohol drinking, physical activity, and consumption of fruit, vegetables, folate, fiber, beta-carotene, and vitamin C. Differences in results between meta-analyses and mechanisms underlying some of the associations found are discussed. This work reinforces the importance of a separate assessment of EC subtypes to allow for a proper evaluation of incidence trends and planning of prevention/control interventions.
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Kigen G, Busakhala N, Kamuren Z, Rono H, Kimalat W, Njiru E. Factors associated with the high prevalence of oesophageal cancer in Western Kenya: a review. Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:59. [PMID: 29142587 PMCID: PMC5670732 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal carcinoma (OC) is highly prevalent in Western Kenya especially among the members of the Kalenjin community who reside in the Northern and Southern areas of the Rift Valley. Previous authors have suggested potential association of environmental and genetic risk factors with this high prevalence. The environmental factors that have been suggested include contamination of food by mycotoxins and/or pesticides, consumption of traditional alcohol (locally referred to “Busaa” and “Chan’gaa”), use of fermented milk (“Mursik”), poor diet, tobacco use and genetic predisposition. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the potential contribution of each of the factors that have been postulated to be associated with the high prevalence of the disease in order to establish the most likely cause. We have done this by analyzing the trends, characteristics and behaviours that are specifically unique in the region, and corroborated this with the available literature. From our findings, the most plausible cause of the high incidence of OC among the Kalenjin community is mycotoxins, particularly fumonisins from the food chain resulting from poor handling of cereals; particularly maize combined with traditional alcohol laced with the toxins interacting synergistically with other high-risk factors such as dietary deficiencies associated alcoholism and viral infections, especially HPV. Urgent mitigating strategies should be developed in order to minimize the levels of mycotoxins in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Kigen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Naftali Busakhala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P. O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Zipporah Kamuren
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Hillary Rono
- Kitale County Hospital; London School of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, P.O. Box 98-30200, Kitale, Kenya
| | - Wilfred Kimalat
- Retired Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education, Science & Technology, Provisional Administration & Internal Security, Office of the President, P. O. Box 28467-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evangeline Njiru
- Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606, Eldoret, 30100 Kenya
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Zhou F, Li YH, Wang JJ, Pan J, Lu H. Endoplasmic reticulum stress could induce autophagy and apoptosis and enhance chemotherapy sensitivity in human esophageal cancer EC9706 cells by mediating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28631572 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to explore the mechanism of tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in human esophageal cancer EC9706 cells and EC109 cells, as well as its effects on cell autophagy, apoptosis, and chemoresistance. Tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress model was established in EC9706 and EC109 cell lines. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress iconic protein GRP78. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to evaluate the effect of different cisplatin and tunicamycin concentrations on survival rate of EC9706 cells and EC109 cells. Autophagy was monitored using monodansylcadaverin and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins (PERK, eIF2α, and CHOP), PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins, autophagy-related proteins (LC3-I/LC3-II, Beclin-1, and p62), and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3). Tunicamycin led to increased expression of GRP78. With tunicamycin treatment, phosphorylation of PERK and eIF2α and CHOP expression increased. Meanwhile, the increase in cytolysosome was concentration and time dependent. With the increased tunicamycin concentration, there were increased expressions of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, decreased expression of Bcl-2, and lower phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combination of tunicamycin and cisplatin could improve the sensitivity of EC9706 cells and EC109 cells to cisplatin; PI3K inhibitor BEZ235 could enhance cell autophagy and apoptosis and increase cell sensitivity to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- Department of Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
| | - Jia Pan
- Department of Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
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Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a male-dominant aggressive malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are the two predominant histological subtypes with varying geographical and racial distribution. Globally, squamous cell carcinoma remains the most common histological type. In Western countries, however, adenocarcinoma has become the leading histological subtype, corresponding to a rise in the incidence of obesity, gastro-esophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus. The risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma conferred by Barrett's esophagus depends on factors such as genomic instability, race and gender of the patient. Treatment requires a multidisciplinary team approach and optimal therapy is still debated. Endoscopic therapies, including radiofrequency ablation, endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic sub mucosal dissection, have become the standard treatment modality for Barrett's esophagus and early carcinoma. Multimodal treatment, which includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy followed by surgical resection or without surgical resection, in varying orders remains the main mode of treatment for most patients. Minimally invasive surgical approaches have become the standard for esophagectomy and the current literature has demonstrated similar oncological outcomes with reduced morbidity. Recently, there has been a modest improvement in the overall survival of patients with esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Abbas
- Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery-Meridian Health, Red Bank, USA
| | - Mark Krasna
- Corporate Medical Director of Oncology, Meridian Cancer Care, Clinical Professor of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Ackerman South rm 553, 1945 rt 33 Neptune, USA
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Wang DB, Sun ZY, Deng LM, Zhu DQ, Xia HG, Zhu PZ. Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Improving Survival Outcomes for Esophageal Carcinoma: An Updated Meta-analysis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 129:2974-2982. [PMID: 27958230 PMCID: PMC5198533 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.195464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) treatment for patients with esophageal carcinoma (EC) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of NCRT followed by surgery (NCRTS) with surgery alone (SA) for EC. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched up to August 2015 for all the published studies that investigated EC patients receiving either NCRTS or SA, and the reference lists were also manually examined for the eligible studies. The risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI s) as effective size was determined to assess the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates (SRs), postoperative morbidity, and postoperative mortality. Heterogeneity was determined using the Q-test. The Begg's test and Egger's test were used for assessing any potential publication bias. RESULTS Of 1120 identified studies, 16 eligible studies were included in this analysis (involving 2549 patients). Overall, the pooled results suggested that NCRTS was associated with significantly improved 1-year (RR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.13), 3-year (RR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.14-1.39), and 5-year (RR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.18-1.56) SRs. However, the results also indicated that NCRTS had no or little effect on postoperative morbidity (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.82-1.05) and postoperative mortality (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.56-2.44). CONCLUSIONS Compared with SA, NCRTS can increase 1-, 3-, and 5-year SRs in patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Li-Min Deng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - De-Qing Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Hong-Gang Xia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Peng-Zhi Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
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27
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Pan Z, Mao W, Bao Y, Zhang M, Su X, Xu X. The long noncoding RNA CASC9 regulates migration and invasion in esophageal cancer. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2442-7. [PMID: 27431358 PMCID: PMC5055159 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the expression and functions of CASC9 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) upregulated in ESCC tissues were detected by RNA sequencing. Expression of CASC9 was determined from clinical samples and cell lines by qRT‐PCR. The effects of CASC9 knockdown on migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing assay, cell migration and invasion assays in vitro. We found that the lncRNA, CASC9, was markedly upregulated in ESCC tissues. Furthermore, knockdown of CASC9 significantly suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, enhanced CASC9 expression level was correlated with differentiation. The results indicated that CASC9 is significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues and may represent a new marker of poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for esophageal cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Weimin Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Yejiang Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Xinhua Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China. .,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China.
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Wang J, Zhao L, Yan H, Che J, Huihui L, Jun W, Liu B, Cao B. A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review on the Association between Human Papillomavirus (Types 16 and 18) Infection and Esophageal Cancer Worldwide. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159140. [PMID: 27409078 PMCID: PMC4943681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is a common and aggressive malignant tumor. This study aimed to investigate the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) Types 16 and 18 and esophageal carcinoma (EC) in the world population by conducting a meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computerized bibliographic and manual searches were performed to identify all eligible literatures between 1982 and 2014. PUBMED (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) and CNKI (http://www.cnki.net/) were the primary sources of case-control studies, and key words used include human papillomavirus, HPV, esophageal, esophagus, cancer, carcinoma, and tumor. All searches were performed by reviewing articles and abstracts cited in the published systematic reviews and case-control studies. Prospective studies that reported relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% CIs for the association between HPV and EC were included. RESULTS Thirty-three randomized studies were identified, and the main features of these trials were included in this systematic review. HPV infection rate in the EC group was 46.5%, while HPV infection rate in the control group was 26.2% (OR = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.33-1.98). In China, the merger OR value was 1.62 (95% CI: 1.26-2.07); while in the Asian region, the merger OR value was 1.63 (95% CI: 1.29-2.04). There were statistical differences in HPV testing due to different detection methods such as PCR, IHC and ISH. In the PCR detection group, the merger OR value was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.33-1.95). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that HPV infection and the incidence of EC are closely associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juanjuan Che
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Huihui
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Jun
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (BL); (BC)
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (BL); (BC)
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29
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MicroRNA-21 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and resistance to apoptosis through PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in esophageal cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12061-12070. [PMID: 27188433 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to explore associations between microRNA-21 (miR-21) and PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and, further, to elucidate the regulation of miR-21 on biological behaviors in human esophageal cancer cells. The expressions of miR-21, PTEN, PI3K, and AKT were detected in 89 esophageal cancer samples and 58 adjacent normal tissues respectively. The human esophageal cancer cells (TE11) were grouped as following: blank (TE11 cells without transfection), negative (TE11 cells with miR-21 negative inhibitor), and Inhibition-miR21 (TE11 cells with miR-21 inhibitor). Western blot was used for detection of PTEN, P13K, and AKT protein expressions, MTT method for cell proliferation, Transwell assay for cell migration and invasion, and flow cytometry for cell cycle and apoptosis. MiR-21, PI3K, and AKT have higher expressions, but PTEN has lower expression in esophageal cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. The esophageal cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis and poor differentiation showed significantly low positive rate of PTEN protein, but high positive rates of PI3K and AKT proteins. Compared with blank and negative groups, PTEN expression of TE11 cells in Inhibition-miR21 group was significantly up-regulated, but PI3K and AKT were down-regulated. Further, PTEN was a target gene of miR-21. Besides, compared with blank and negative groups, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TE11 cells were less active in Inhibition-miR21 group. TE11 cells were significantly increased in the G0/G1 phase of cell cycles, but decreased in the S and G2/M phase in Inhibition-miR21 group. The TE11 cells exhibited significantly increased apoptosis rates. MiR-21 targets key proteins in PTEN/PI3K/AKT signal pathway, promoting proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle, and inhibiting apoptosis of human esophageal cancer cells. It may serve as a novel therapeutic target in esophageal cancer.
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von Knebel Doeberitz M. The causal role of human papillomavirus infections in non-anogenital cancers. It's time to ask for the functional evidence. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:9-11. [PMID: 26999772 PMCID: PMC5071689 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Detection of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus and Human Papillomavirus in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Non-Cancerous Esophageal Samples in Northern Iran. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 22:667-72. [PMID: 26879397 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the hypothesized causes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the etiological association remains uncertain. It was postulated that other infectious agents together with HPV may increase the risk of ESCC. The current investigation aimed to explore the presence of a new human tumor virus, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), together with HPV in ESCC tumors and non-cancerous esophageal samples in northern Iran. In total, 96 esophageal samples (51 with ESCC, and 45 without esophageal malignancy) were examined. HPV DNA was detected in esophageal specimens of 16 out of the 51 ESCC cases (31.4 %) and 20 out of the 45 non-cancerous samples (44.4 %). Untypable HPV genotypes were recognized in high rates in cancerous (75.0 %) and non-cancerous (55.0 %) esophageal specimens. MCPyV DNA was detected in esophageal specimens of 23 out of the 51 ESCC cases (45.1 %) and 16 out of the 45 non-cancerous samples (35.6 %). The mean MCPyV DNA copy number was 1.0 × 10(-5) ± 2.4 × 10(-5) and 6.0 × 10(-6) ± 1.3 × 10(-5) per cell in ESCC cases and non-cancerous samples, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between cancerous and non-cancerous samples regarding mean MCPyV DNA load (P = 0.353). A bayesian logistic regression model adjusted to the location of esophageal specimen and MCPyV infection, revealed a significant association between HPV and odds of ESCC (OR, 2.45; 95 % CI: 1.01-6.16). This study provides the evidence of the detection of the MCPyV DNA at a low viral copy number in cancerous and non- cancerous esophageal samples.
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