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Niaradi FDSL, Niaradi MFDSL, Gasparetto MERF. Effect of Eutony, Holistic Gymnastics and Pilates on hamstring flexibility and back pain in pre-adolescent girls: Randomized clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 38:289-298. [PMID: 38763572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Eutony, Holistic Gymnastics, and Pilates on hamstring flexibility and back pain in pre-adolescent girls. METHODS This randomized prospective quantitative clinical trial compared the effects of Eutony, Holistic Gymnastics, and Pilates on hamstring flexibility and back pain. The sample consisted of 80 pre-adolescent girls aged 10-13 years and divided into three groups: Eutony, with 26 girls; Holistic Gymnastics, 27 girls; and Pilates, 27 girls. The participants underwent ten 1-h weekly interventions. Hamstring flexibility was evaluated using fingertip-to-floor, sit-and-reach, and hip angle tests; back pain was evaluated using the Body Posture Evaluation Instrument questionnaire and the way they carried their backpack by the Layout for Assessing Dynamic Posture. Descriptive statistical analysis, analysis of variance, and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed at a 5 % significance level (p < 0.05). RESULTS The three body practices increased hamstring flexibility in all fingertip-to-floor (7.77 cm), hip angle (5.58°), and sit-and-reach evaluations (9.07 cm). Before the intervention, 66.25 % of participants complained of back pain. After the intervention, only 37.50 % continued with the complaint. Moreover, 25 % of pre-adolescent girls started to carry their school backpack correctly. CONCLUSION Eutony, Holistic Gymnastics, and Pilates increased hamstring flexibility, reduced back pain complaints, and incentivized the girls to carry the school backpack correctly. REGISTRY OF CLINICAL TRIALS Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials ReBEC (RBR-25w6kk).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Dos Santos Lopes Niaradi
- Human and Rehabilitation Department: Graduate Program in Health, Interdisciplinarity and Rehabilitation from the Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maíra Fonseca Dos Santos Lopes Niaradi
- Human and Rehabilitation Department: Graduate Program in Health, Interdisciplinarity and Rehabilitation from the Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Rodrigues Freire Gasparetto
- Medical Sciences from the State University of Campinas, Professor at The Department of Human Development and Rehabilitation of the Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Health and Rehabilitation of the Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Pombo A, Cordovil R, Rodrigues LP, Moreira AC, Borrego R, Machado M, Costa V, Almeida A, Tavares AS, de Sá CC, Luz C. Effect of Motor Competence and Health-Related Fitness in the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:110-117. [PMID: 36751024 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2158998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: In the last decades we have seen an increase in sedentary behaviors and a decrease in physical activity in children when compared to past generations. This lifestyle is commonly associated with the development of clustering risk factors that define metabolic syndrome (MetS). Knowing that motor competence (MC) development can influence lifelong physical activity habits, it is reasonable to assume that children's MC will directly link to clustered cardiometabolic health outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of MC in MetS risk factors. Methods: Seventy children with a mean age of 7.49 (SD = 1.28) years were evaluated on motor competence (MCA-Motor Competence Assessment instrument), cardiovascular fitness (PACER test), upper body strength (UBS; handgrip), and the components of MetS, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, abdominal obesity, low concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high fasting blood glucose. The composite value of MetS was calculated according to Burns et al. (2017). Multiple standard regressions were performed to explore the effect of different variables on MetS. Motor competence and health-related fitness (cardiovascular fitness and relative upper body strength) were used as independent variables (predictors) and MetS as dependent variable. Results: Overall, the results showed that motor competence (β = -.072; p < .05) is a significant predictor and this model explained 7,1% of the variance in MetS. Conclusion: Although more studies are needed, our results indicate that MC seems to have a positive role in children's health markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Pombo
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT)
| | | | - Luis Paulo Rodrigues
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT)
- Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Luz
- Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT)
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Alaniz-Arcos JL, Ortiz-Cornejo ME, Larios-Tinoco JO, Klünder-Klünder M, Vidal-Mitzi K, Gutiérrez-Camacho C. Differences in the absolute muscle strength and power of children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: a systematic review. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:474. [PMID: 37726719 PMCID: PMC10510195 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04290-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe absolute muscle strength and power in children and adolescents with obesity, overweight and normal weight, and the assessment tests and tools used. We retrieved observational studies from MEDLINE (PubMed), TripDataBase, Epistemonikos, EBSCO essentials, NICE, SCOPUS, and LILACs up to February 2023. In addition, we recovered data from studies with at least three comparison groups (obesity, overweight, normal weight) and with a description of the absolute muscle strength and power and the assessment tests and instruments used. The methodologic quality of the studies was assessed with the Joanna Briggs checklist, and the review was carried out using the PRISMA 2020 methodology. Eleven studies with 13,451 participants from 6 to 18 years of age were once included, finding that the absolute muscle strength of their upper extremities was greater when they were overweight or obese; however, in the same groups, absolute muscle strength was lower when they carried their body weight. In addition, lower limb absolute muscle strength was significantly lower in obese participants than in normal weight, regardless of age and gender. The most used tools to measure the absolute muscle strength of the upper limbs were the grip dynamometers and push-up exercises. In contrast, different jump tests were used to measure the power of the lower limbs. There are great differences in muscle strength and power between overweight or obese children and adolescents and those with normal weight. Therefore, it is recommended to use validated tests, preferably that assess strength through the load of the patient's body weight, either of the upper or lower limbs, for greater evaluation objectivity that facilitates the management of these children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Alaniz-Arcos
- Physiotherapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Dr. Márquez 162 Colonia Doctores, Mexico City, CP 06720 Mexico
| | - Ma. Elena Ortiz-Cornejo
- Physiotherapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Dr. Márquez 162 Colonia Doctores, Mexico City, CP 06720 Mexico
| | - José Omar Larios-Tinoco
- Physiotherapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Dr. Márquez 162 Colonia Doctores, Mexico City, CP 06720 Mexico
| | - Miguel Klünder-Klünder
- Research Headmaster’s Office, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, México
| | - Karla Vidal-Mitzi
- Physiotherapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Dr. Márquez 162 Colonia Doctores, Mexico City, CP 06720 Mexico
| | - Claudia Gutiérrez-Camacho
- Physiotherapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Dr. Márquez 162 Colonia Doctores, Mexico City, CP 06720 Mexico
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Saito A, Okada K, Sato H, Shibata K, Kamada T, Namiki Y, Terui Y. Increased Medial Elbow Torque Is Associated With Ball Velocity Rather Than a History of Medial Elbow Injuries in Youth Baseball Pitchers. Arthroscopy 2023; 39:719-727. [PMID: 35970452 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared medial elbow torque in youth baseball pitchers with and without a history of medial elbow injuries to determine the relationship between medial elbow torque during pitching and having a history of medial elbow injuries. METHODS We recruited 171 youth baseball pitchers aged 9 to 12 years old. The exclusion criteria included current pain with pitching, history of surgery on the tested extremity, or osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum. The participants were grouped into 3 groups: injury <1-year, injury >1-year, and control, based on ultrasonographic abnormalities of the elbow and the presence of elbow pain. Pitchers pitched 3 fastballs while wearing a sensor sleeve that recorded the medial elbow torque, arm speed, and shoulder rotation. Ball velocity was measured using a radar gun. RESULTS The final analysis included 164 pitchers. Thirty were assigned to the injury <1-year group, 34 to the injury >1-year group, and 100 to the control group. The medial elbow torque was significantly greater in the injury <1-year group compared with the control group (18.6 ± 3.6 Nm vs 16.2 ± 4.8 Nm, P = .023). A multiple regression analysis revealed that ball velocity (B = 0.282, P < .001) and body weight (B = -0.224, P < .001) were significantly associated with medial elbow torque, but not with the history of medial elbow injuries. CONCLUSIONS Increased medial elbow torque was associated with greater ball velocity regardless of the history of medial elbow injuries. Youth baseball pitchers with a history of medial elbow injuries within one year had greater medial elbow torque during pitching; however, having a history of medial elbow injuries was not an independent factor in increasing medial elbow torque. Limiting the ball velocity can reduce medial elbow torque and may prevent elbow injuries in youth baseball pitchers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, prospective comparative prognostic investigation with the patients enrolled at different time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Saito
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan.
| | - Kyoji Okada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Sato
- Department of Rehabilitation, Akita Kousei Medical Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuaki Kamada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Akita Kousei Medical Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Namiki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Akita City Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshino Terui
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan
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Hart P. Relationship between fitness performance and a newly developed continuous body composition score in U.S. adolescent boys. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2023; 35:69-79. [PMID: 32966234 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2020-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Body composition (BC) assessment typically requires the administration of a single test and can have different evaluation outcomes depending on the selected test and the specific population. The purpose of this study was twofold. Firstly, to develop and validate a novel continuous body composition (CBC) score using the continuous response model (CRM). Secondly, to examine the relationship between CBC scores and fitness performance. METHODS Data from the 2012 NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey (NNYFS) were used and consisted of n=212 adolescent boys 12-15 years of age. CBC scale variables included body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), arm circumference (AC), waist circumference (WC), calf circumference (CC), calf skinfold (CSF), triceps skinfold (TSF), and subscapular skinfold (SSF). Fitness performance variables included cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF, mL/kg/min), leg strength (LS, lb), modified pull-ups (MPU, #), grip strength (GS, kg), and plank (PL, sec). Samejima's CRM, factor analysis, convergent validity coefficients and score reliability were used to validate the CBC scale. Multinomial logistic regression and multiple linear regression were used to examine the relationship between CBC scores and fitness performance variables. RESULTS Factor analysis of the CBC scale variables retained a single factor (loadings >0.81, 88% explained variance) with strong internal consistency (α=0.96). The CRM analysis indicated all CBC scale variables fit a unidimensional construct with adequate discrimination (as: 0.71-2.16) and difficulty (bs: -0.04-1.44). CBC scores (Mean=0, SD=1.00) displayed strong reliability (SEE.θ=0.22, r.θ=0.95) with lower values representing smaller-more-lean individuals and higher values representing larger-less-lean individuals. All fully adjusted regression models showed significant (ps<0.05) negative relationships between CBC scores and CRF, MPU, and PL and positive relationships between CBC scores and LS and GS. CONCLUSION The CRM-derived CBC score is a novel measure of BC and found to be positively associated with strength performance and negatively associated with endurance performance in U.S. adolescent boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hart
- Health Promotion Research, Health Demographics, 930 4th Ave, Havre, 59501, MT, USA
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Suzuki K, Yamasaki S, Miyashita M, Ando S, Toriumi K, Yoshikawa A, Nakanishi M, Morimoto Y, Kanata S, Fujikawa S, Endo K, Koike S, Usami S, Itokawa M, Washizuka S, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa M, Meltzer HY, Kasai K, Nishida A, Arai M. Role of advanced glycation end products in the longitudinal association between muscular strength and psychotic symptoms among adolescents. SCHIZOPHRENIA 2022; 8:44. [PMID: 35853893 PMCID: PMC9261085 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMuscular strength, assessed by handgrip, is a risk indicator for psychiatric disorders, including psychosis. However, the biological mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Since advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play a key role in skeletal muscle underdevelopment and psychosis, we examined the role of AGEs in the longitudinal association between muscular strength and psychotic symptoms among adolescents. We first evaluated the direction of the relationship between handgrip strength and urine levels of pentosidine, a representative AGEs in a population-based birth cohort of 1,542 adolescents at ages 12 and 14. Then, we examined the role of AGEs in the longitudinal association between handgrip strength and thought problems (TP), as a psychotic symptom indicator, in a subsample of 256 adolescents at ages 13 and 14. An autoregressive cross-lagged model revealed that handgrip strength at age 12 negatively predicted pentosidine levels at age 14 (β = −0.20, p < 0.001), whereas pentosidine levels at age 12 did not predict handgrip strength at age 14 (β = 0.04, p = 0.062). Moreover, pentosidine levels had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between handgrip strength and TP (standard indirect effect = −0.051, p = 0.012), which remained significant after adjusting for gender and preceded TP and pentosidine levels. Thus, adolescents with low muscular strength are at a high risk of developing psychotic symptoms, which could be mediated by AGEs. Future studies need to investigate whether interventions focused on muscular strength prevent the accumulation of AGEs and thereby prevent the development of psychosis.
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Tsolakis C, Cherouveim ED, Skouras AZ, Antonakis-Karamintzas D, Czvekus C, Halvatsiotis P, Savvidou O, Koulouvaris P. The Impact of Obesity on the Fitness Performance of School-Aged Children Living in Rural Areas-The West Attica Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811476. [PMID: 36141749 PMCID: PMC9517351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship of body mass index (BMI) with muscle and cardiorespiratory fitness in children living within rural areas (regional unit of West Attica) in Greece. Participants included 399 students (187 boys, 212 girls), ages 8-12 years old, and were evaluated in physical performance tests. The point prevalence of overweight and obesity was 21.39% and 26.20% in boys, and 19.90% and 23.79% in girls. Significant differences were observed in all physical performance tests (handgrip, long jump, shuttle run, trunk flexors, and extensors endurance) between normal weight and obese participants. BMI was positively correlated with handgrip (r = 0.442-0.462, p < 0.001). There was a negative association with long jump (r = -0.206, p < 0.001), 20 m shuttle run (r = -0.394, p < 0.001), trunk flexors (r = -0.403, p < 0.001) and trunk extensors endurance (r = -0.280, p < 0.001). The regression analysis showed that 20-30% of the overall variation for physical performance assessments could be accounted for by BMI, age, and sex. With the exception of the long jump and the endurance of the trunk extensors, BMI alone may explain more than 10% of the outcome of most tests. This study highlights the determinant of BMI on muscle and cardiorespiratory fitness. The management of obesity should begin early in childhood to prevent adult chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charilaos Tsolakis
- 1st Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-693-275-5173
| | - Evgenia D. Cherouveim
- 1st Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zacharias Skouras
- 1st Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Cara Czvekus
- Health Science, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Panagiotis Halvatsiotis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutic “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Savvidou
- 1st Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Koulouvaris
- 1st Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
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Sun B, Chen HG, Duan P, Tu ZZ, Chen YJ, Meng TQ, Xiong CL, Wang YX, Pan A. Association of handgrip strength with semen characteristics: a study with repeated measurements among healthy Chinese men. Asian J Androl 2022; 24:594-600. [PMID: 35381698 PMCID: PMC9809492 DOI: 10.4103/aja20221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating epidemiological evidence shows that handgrip strength provides predictive potential in physical, mental, and reproductive health status. However, the associations between handgrip strength and semen characteristics have not been explored. We recruited 1382 eligible men at the Hubei Province Human Sperm Bank (Wuhan, China) who had their handgrip strength measured at recruitment and provided 6458 repeated semen specimens within a 6-month period. Semen characteristics, including semen volume, sperm motility parameters (immotility, nonprogressive motility, and progressive motility), and sperm concentration, were assessed. Mixed-effect models and restricted cubic spline functions were applied to investigate the relationship of handgrip strength with repeated measurements of semen characteristics. After adjusting for confounding factors, the mixed-effect models revealed that handgrip strength was positively associated with semen volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility, and total count (all P for trend < 0.05). Compared to men in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of handgrip strength had higher semen volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility, and total count, with measurements of 14.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.9%-23.2%), 19.5% (95% CI: 7.3%‒33.1%), 9.5% (95% CI: 3.4%‒15.9%), 8.8% (95% CI: 3.2%‒14.6%), and 36.4% (95% CI: 18.9%‒56.5%), respectively. These positive dose-response relationships were further confirmed in restricted cubic splines, where handgrip strength was modeled as a continuous variable. Handgrip strength, as an indicator of muscular function and strength, was positively associated with semen characteristics in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Heng-Gui Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Peng Duan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441100, China
| | - Zhou-Zheng Tu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Tian-Qing Meng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China,Hubei Province Human Sperm Bank, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Xiong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China,Hubei Province Human Sperm Bank, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA,
Correspondence: Dr. YX Wang () or Dr. A Pan ()
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China,
Correspondence: Dr. YX Wang () or Dr. A Pan ()
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de Lima TR, Martins PC, Moreno YMF, Chaput JP, Tremblay MS, Sui X, Silva DAS. Muscular Fitness and Cardiometabolic Variables in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2022; 52:1555-1575. [PMID: 35020179 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of muscular fitness (MF) in the performance of activities of daily living is unequivocal. Additionally, emerging evidence has shown MF can reduce cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine and summarize the evidence regarding the relationship between MF phenotypes (i.e., maximum muscular strength/power, muscular endurance, and maximum muscular strength/power/endurance) and cardiometabolic variables (obesity, blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis, inflammatory markers, and clustered cardiometabolic variables) in children and adolescents. DESIGN This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020179273. DATA SOURCES A systematic review was performed on five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) from database inception to May 2020, with complementary searches in reference lists. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Eligibility criteria included (1) a study sample of youth aged ≤ 19 years, (2) an assessment of MF with individual or clustered cardiometabolic variables derived from adjusted models (regardless of test/measurement adopted or direction of reported association), and (3) a report of the association between both, using observational studies. Only original articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English, Portuguese, and Spanish languages were considered. The quality of the included studies was assessed by using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute checklist. The percentage of results reporting a statistically significant inverse association between each MF phenotype and cardiometabolic variables was calculated. RESULTS Of the 23,686 articles initially identified, 96 were included (77 cross-sectional and 19 longitudinal), with data from children and adolescents from 35 countries. The score for the quality of evidence ranged from 0.33 to 0.92 (1.00 maximum). MF assessed by maximum muscular strength/power was inversely associated with lower obesity (64/113 total results (56.6%)) and reduction in clustered cardiometabolic risk (28/48 total results (58.3%)). When assessed by muscular endurance, an inverse association with obesity (30/44 total results (68.1%)) and cardiometabolic risk (5/8 total results (62.5%)) was identified. Most of the results for the relationship between MF phenotypes with blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory markers indicated a paucity of evidence for these interrelationships (percentage of results below 50.0%). CONCLUSION MF assessed by maximum muscular strength/power or muscular endurance is potentially associated with lower obesity and lower risk related to clustered cardiometabolic variables in children and adolescents. There is limited support for an inverse association between MF with blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis biomarkers, and inflammatory markers in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Rodrigues de Lima
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88010-970, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Custódio Martins
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88010-970, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Franco Moreno
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mark Stephen Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88010-970, Brazil
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Physical Illiteracy and Obesity Barrier: How Physical Education Can Overpass Potential Adverse Effects? A Narrative Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environments lacking in stimuli together with ineffective physical education programs can lead to motor illiteracy, causing several adverse effects that could be worsened by unhealthy weight conditions (e.g., obesity). Obesity can be seen as an actual barrier for children and adolescents, especially for affective, behavioral, physical, and cognitive domains. In this context, condensing what the literature proposes could be useful in order to improve the understanding of the best intervention strategies (i.e., proper physical education programs) to manage the adverse effects of motor illiteracy in relation to the obesity barrier. The purpose of this narrative review is to improve the understanding on how physical education programs can counteract the adverse effects of physical illiteracy and obesity barrier across childhood and adolescence. Proper physical education programs should develop motor competence by fostering an individual’s awareness, self-perception, autonomous motivation, and muscular fitness on a realistic scenario (functional task difficulty related to his/her possibilities) in the attempt to counteract the adverse effects of the obesity barrier. Such programs should be designed without overlooking a proper multi teaching style approach.
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He H, Pan L, Du J, Jin Y, Wang L, Jia P, Shan G. Effect of fat mass index, fat free mass index and body mass index on childhood blood pressure: a cross-sectional study in south China. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:541-551. [PMID: 33850812 PMCID: PMC8039780 DOI: 10.21037/tp-20-325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on how different body composition indexes, such as body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI), influence blood pressure (BP) in Chinese children and adolescents is sparse. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of different body composition on BP in participants aged 7-18 in south China. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013. A total of 1,609 children and adolescents from urban and rural areas in Hainan Province, South China, were selected using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Each participant underwent anthropometric and BP tests. BMI, FMI and FFMI were calculated and analyzed as body composition indexes. RESULTS In the population level stratified by sex, FFMI had the highest r-value (Partial Spearman correlations) of correlation with systolic BP in boys (rs=0.305, P<0.001) and girls (rs=0.237, P<0.001). FMI was found to have the highest r-value of correlation with DBP in boys (rs=0.154, P<0.001). The quantile regression model indicated that, within each age group, all body composition indexes was positively associated with systolic BP, and FFMI has the greatest value of regression coefficient (4.38, 95% CI: 3.81-4.95). But for diastolic BP, positive associations with BMI, FMI and FFMI were only observed in the 11-12 years group. Restrict cubic spline models showed that there were both linear and non-linear relations between BMI, FMI and BP, but for FFMI, there was only linear association with BP. CONCLUSIONS The relation between BP and FFMI was stronger than with BMI and FMI. Combined measurement of body composition should be considered to help health professionals interpret body mass data from children and adolescents with varied stature and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Du
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, China
| | - Yuming Jin
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pengben Jia
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Ding C, Jiang Y. The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Physical Fitness among Chinese University Students: Results of a Longitudinal Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:E570. [PMID: 33348642 PMCID: PMC7765873 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, a gradual increase in sedentary lifestyles along with the increased consumption of a modern, hypercaloric diet has resulted in a substantial increase in the number of those classified as overweight or obese in China. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has become a key public health issue. However, it is important to be cautious when interpreting the literature as the majority of studies apply cross-sectional data to assess and subjectively compare the relationship between physical fitness and being overweight and obese. In the present study, longitudinal data were collected from 3066 students (enrolled in 2014) at a university in China at the beginning of each academic year throughout their four-year university program. The aim of this study was to analyze the various associations between BMI, explosive power, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory endurance, and a random-intercept panel model (RIPM) was separately employed on male and female participants to identify between- and within-person variations. In this way, the associations for between-person physical fitness and normal/overweight/obese weight ranges, and for within-person physical fitness and normal/overweight/obese weight ranges could be observed. The results of this study revealed that every physical fitness test chosen for evaluation (such as the standing long jump for explosive power or the distance run for cardiorespiratory endurance) was negatively related to the BMI results, irrespective of sex, with the notable exception of the flexibility results. In addition, this study showed that both males and females exhibited positively correlated results in both between-person BMI and flexibility as well as within-person BMI and flexibility. Furthermore, the relationships between and within persons of cardiorespiratory endurance, explosive power, and flexibility all showed positive correlations across both sexes. The dynamics between physical fitness and BMI identified in this study could prove useful to practitioners and researchers investigating such relationships in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yumei Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China;
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Physical Activity, Step Counts, and Grip Strength in the Chinese Children and Families Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176202. [PMID: 32859094 PMCID: PMC7504127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This paper describes the development of a physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) designed for Chinese adolescents and their mothers in urban and rural settings, and reports on results of the PAQ, pedometry, and hand grip dynamometry from the Chinese Children and Families Cohort Study pilot investigation (CFCS). Methods: As part of a pilot investigation to evaluate the feasibility to follow-up and obtain detailed nutrition, dietary, physical activity, and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) data from CFCS participants, data were collected in 2013 for 93 adolescent/mother pairs from a rural (n = 41) and an urban site (n = 52) in two provinces. Respondents were asked to wear a pedometer for seven days (Omron HJ-151), use a Takei Digital Grip Strength Dynamometer on (each hand; three trials; two separate days), and complete a 39 item, eight domain PAQ covering the past year. Self-reported physical activity (PA) was linked to metabolic equivalent of task (MET) scores in kcal/kg/hr and used to calculate METs for different domains of PA and intensity categories. Results: Compliance was high (95%) in this measurement protocol administered by health staff during a series of data collection efforts at home and local clinics or health centers. Step counts were highly variable, averaging between 5000 and 10000 per day with somewhat higher step counts in rural adolescent boys. Maximum grip strength (Kgs) was greater in children (Mean = 36.5, SE = 0.8) than mothers (Mean = 28.8, SE = 0.8) and similar in the urban (Mean = 29.6, SE = 0.6) compared to the rural (Mean = 29.6, SE = 0.5) communities overall. Grip strength, step counts, and measures of time spent in different activities or activity intensities were uncorrelated. Conclusion: Device and question-based measurement of PA and strength were readily accepted in these Chinese urban and rural populations. The PAQ on physical activity in the past year produced some plausible population averages, but individual responses suggested recall challenges. If data about specific activities are required, future studies should explore use of standardized survey questions concerning such fewer specific activities or instruments examining shorter time periods such as one, three, or seven day recalls.
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The Association between Body Mass Index and Physical Fitness of Normal Weight/Overweight/Obese University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155391. [PMID: 32727007 PMCID: PMC7432298 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to apply longitudinal data (in four waves) to examine relationships between body mass index (BMI), flexibility, muscular endurance, and explosive power, and employed a random-intercept panel model (RIPM) to divide the variations of different waves into between- and within-person variations. Furthermore, a multi-group model test was conducted to explore whether an interaction effect existed between sex and these relationships. The data were collected from a university in Taiwan between August 2009 and July 2010, and 3863 freshman and junior students were recruited. Results showed that the between- and within-person relationships between BMI and explosive power, and between BMI and muscular endurance, were negative (independent of sex). The negative between- and within-person associations between BMI and muscular endurance were both invariant with respect to sex. The negative between-person associations between BMI and explosive power were not equivalent for both sexes, yet the within-person associations between BMI and explosive power were equivalent for both sexes. The between-person associations between BMI and flexibility were positive for both sexes, but the within-person associations of these two variables were negative for both sexes. The invariance test confirmed that the positive associations of between-person BMI and between-person flexibility were invariant for both sexes, yet the negative associations of within-person BMI and within-person flexibility were not equivalent for both sexes. Between-and within-person correlations among explosive power, muscular endurance, and flexibility were significantly positive. Only the auto-regressions of BMI and muscular endurance were significant and equivalent for both sexes.
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Effects of Anthropometric Growth and Basketball Experience on Physical Performance in Pre-Adolescent Male Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072196. [PMID: 32218293 PMCID: PMC7178209 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
During pre-adolescence, several variables connected to growth and weight status could influence physical performance and technical skills. This study aims to assess the influence of growth-related anthropometric changes, weight status, and basketball experience on physical performance in pre-adolescent basketball players. The sample consisted of 50 male basketball players (12.2 ± 0.4 years-old) included in the U-13 category. Anthropometric characteristics were collected using standard procedures. Physical performance was evaluated by 20 m Dash, T-test, squat jump, countermovement jump, and medicine ball throw. In order to assess growth-related changes, we conducted two surveys within a 10-week time span. Student’s t-test was used to compare the data collected in the two surveys and multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the effects of growth, weight status, and basketball experience on performance. After 10 weeks there was a significant increase in FFM (Fat-Free Mass) and a significant decrease in fat parameters. Moreover, between the two surveys, all motor tests significantly improved. The results of linear regression models showed that changes in %F (percentage of body fat) were significantly associated with speed and agility, while handgrip strength and weight status were associated with upper limb explosive strength. Basketball experience was a significant predictor of all three motor tests. In conclusion, body composition changes, years of experience, and weight status influenced physical performance and players’ motor skills ability, especially speed, agility, and upper limb explosive strength.
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He H, Pan L, Du J, Liu F, Jin Y, Ma J, Wang L, Jia P, Hu Z, Shan G. Body Composition and Serum Total Calcium Were Associated With Blood Pressure Among Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:411. [PMID: 31649908 PMCID: PMC6794364 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of childhood pre-hypertension and hypertension (elevated blood pressure, EBP) and explore their risk factors, especially the role of body composition and serum total calcium on EBP. Methods: From Nov 2013 to Jul 2014, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Hainan and Shaanxi Provinces in China. Two thousand two hundred eighty-three children and adolescents aged 7-18 underwent anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Fasting blood was collected and serum total calcium was tested. Blood pressure standards from the updated Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents were used to classify BP groups based on age, sex and stature. Results: The overall prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension were 8.36 and 7.06%, respectively. Boys, older age, living in Hainan Province, excess adiposity and higher level of serum total calcium were found to be associated with EBP. Lean subjects had an average 3.87 mmHg decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) than normal weight groups. In contrary, overweight/obesity had increased SBP (3.69 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (2.58 mmHg) than the normal weight group. Participants with high-level serum total calcium had a 1.60 mmHg increased SBP and 1.77 mmHg increased DBP than the low-level group. Compared with normal weight individuals, lean subjects appeared to have decreased odds of EBP (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.98) but overweight/obese individuals were more likely to have EBP (OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.68-4.25). High-level of serum total calcium was associated with increased odds of EBP, the OR (95% CI) was 1.51 (1.17-1.94). The restrict cubic spline presented a linear relationship between serum total calcium and OR of EBP (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Body composition and serum total calcium were positively associated with blood pressure in children and adolescents. Serum calcium could be considered as an untraditional risk factors for high blood pressure screening along with other body composition indexes in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Du
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuming Jin
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, China
| | - Jingang Ma
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pengben Jia
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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