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Uddin H, Hasan MK, Cuartas-Alvarez T, Castro-Delgado R. Effects of mass casualty incidents on anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder among doctors and nurses: a systematic review. Public Health 2024; 234:132-142. [PMID: 39002283 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Doctors and nurses suffer different mental health conditions following traumatic incidents. We systematically synthesized existing evidence on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and their associated risk factors among doctors and nurses following mass casualty incidents (MCIs). STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS Seven databases were searched (2010-2022) with peer-reviewed articles in English using the predefined keywords. Two reviewers screened the titles, abstracts, and full texts using the eligibility criteria and extracted data independently. We used the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tools (NIH-QAT) and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist (CASP) to measure the quality appraisal of the included studies. RESULTS A total of 5170 articles were retrieved, and 2512 articles were assessed by title and abstract (53 were eligible for full-text review). Finally, we included 19 studies. Most were assessed as of fair quality with a considerable risk of bias. PTSD was the highest-reported mental health condition. Nurses reported higher mental conditions, particularly PTSD. Two sets of risk factors (personal and workplace) are associated with anxiety, depression, and PTSD were found. CONCLUSIONS MCIs have a significant impact on the mental health outcomes of emergency health workers. Preventive measures should be designed considering the high-risk group, personal, and organizational risk factors of mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Uddin
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17177, Sweden; Department of Sociology, East West University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; South Asian Institute for Social Transformation (SAIST), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - M K Hasan
- Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Cuartas-Alvarez
- Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SAMU-Asturias), Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (Research Group on Prehospital Care and Disasters, GIAPREDE), Oviedo 33001, Spain; RINVEMER-SEMES (Research Network on Prehospital Care-Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Castro-Delgado
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SAMU-Asturias), Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (Research Group on Prehospital Care and Disasters, GIAPREDE), Oviedo 33001, Spain; RINVEMER-SEMES (Research Network on Prehospital Care-Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine), Madrid, Spain.
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Bakirci E, Sar V, Cetin A. Assessment of the Psychological Effects on Firefighters in the Aftermath of the Pazarcik and Elbistan Earthquakes in 2023. J Behav Health Serv Res 2024:10.1007/s11414-024-09896-1. [PMID: 39009820 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-024-09896-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In February 2023, two catastrophic earthquakes in Turkey resulted in over 50,000 fatalities and over 300,000 injuries. This study investigated the psychological effects on firefighters who engage in rescue operations following these earthquakes, focusing on trauma-related symptoms, depression, anxiety, stress, and resilience. The research employed validated psychometric instruments, including the Post-earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale (PETLDS); Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21); PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5); and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), to assess the psychological states of firefighters. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the psychological impact of earthquakes on firefighters. Specific objectives include quantifying trauma levels; identifying the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and stress among firefighters; and investigating the role of psychological resilience in mitigating the effects of disaster-related psychological trauma. This study is also aimed at providing empirical evidence to inform the development of psychological support and intervention strategies for firefighters in the aftermath of these earthquakes. In this study of 223 primarily male firefighters, significant psychological impacts from earthquake trauma were observed. The PETLDS scores indicated high trauma levels in 28 participants and modest levels in 195. Subscales revealed affective responses and cognitive structure were most affected. DASS-21 scores showed higher depression, anxiety, and stress in the high trauma group. PCL-5 and BRS analyses confirmed higher PTSD symptoms and lower resilience in high-trauma individuals. Correlation analysis highlighted strong associations between trauma, psychological distress, and decreased resilience. These findings highlight the necessity for targeted mental health interventions and support mechanisms for firefighters, contribute to the establishment of training programs to enhance psychological resilience among firefighters, and add valuable insights to the field of disaster psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Bakirci
- Department of Civil Defense and Firefighting, Vocational School of Technical Science, Cerrahpasa University-Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Vedat Sar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Cetin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital Affiliated with University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wagner SL, White N, White M, Fyfe T, Matthews LR, Randall C, Regehr C, Alden LE, Buys N, Carey MG, Corneil W, Krutop E, Fraess-Phillips A. Work outcomes in public safety personnel after potentially traumatic events: A systematic review. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:387-441. [PMID: 38458612 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well documented that public safety personnel are exposed to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) at elevated frequency and demonstrate higher prevalence of trauma-related symptoms compared to the general population. Lesser studied to date are the organizational consequences of workplace PTE exposure and associated mental health outcomes such as acute/posttraumatic stress disorder (ASD/PTSD), depression, and anxiety. METHODS The present review synthesizes international literature on work outcomes in public safety personnel (PSP) to explore whether and how PTE and trauma-related symptoms relate to workplace outcomes. A total of N = 55 eligible articles examining PTE or trauma-related symptoms in relation to work outcomes were systematically reviewed using best-evidence narrative synthesis. RESULTS Three primary work outcomes emerged across the literature: absenteeism, productivity/performance, and costs to organization. Across n = 21 studies of absenteeism, there was strong evidence that PTE or trauma-related symptoms are associated with increased sickness absence. N = 27 studies on productivity/performance demonstrated overall strong evidence of negative impacts in the workplace. N = 7 studies on cost to organizations demonstrated weak evidence that PTE exposure or trauma-related mental health outcomes are associated with increased cost to organization. CONCLUSIONS Based on available evidence, the experience of workplace PTE or trauma-related symptoms is associated with negative impact on PSP occupational functioning, though important potential confounds (e.g., organizational strain and individual risk factors) remain to be more extensively investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Wagner
- Office of the Vice President Research, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicole White
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marc White
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Trina Fyfe
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lynda R Matthews
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine Randall
- School of Health Sciences & Social Work, Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cheryl Regehr
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynn E Alden
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicholas Buys
- School of Health Sciences & Social Work, Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mary G Carey
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Wayne Corneil
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences & Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elyssa Krutop
- Aligned Counselling, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alex Fraess-Phillips
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
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Bu X, Wang Y, Du Y, Mu C, Zhang W, Wang P. Bridge the gap caused by public health crises: medical humanization and communication skills build a psychological bond that satisfies patients. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:40. [PMID: 38409009 PMCID: PMC10898071 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient satisfaction is an important outcome domain of patient-centered care. Medical humanization follows the patient-centered principle and provides a more holistic view to treat patients. The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant barriers to maintaining medical humanization. However, empirical study on the relationship between medical humanization and patient satisfaction is clearly absent. OBJECTIVES We examined the mediation effects of communication on the relationship between medical humanization and patient satisfaction when faced with a huge public health crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic, and the moderation effect of medical institutional trust on the mediation models. METHODS A cross-sectional survey study was performed. A final sample size of 1445 patients was surveyed on medical humanization, communication, patient satisfaction and medical institutional trust. RESULTS All correlations were significantly positive across the main variables (r = 0.35-0.67, p < 0.001 for all) except for medical institutional trust, which was negatively correlated with the medical humanization (r=-0.14, p < 0.001). Moderated mediation analysis showed that the indirect effect of medical humanization on patient satisfaction through communication was significant (b = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.18 ~ 0.25). Medical institutional trust significantly moderated the effect of medical humanization on patient satisfaction (b=-0.09, p < 0.001) and the effect of medical humanization on communication (b= -0.14, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Medical humanization positively influence patient satisfaction, communication mediated the association between medical humanization and patient satisfaction, and medical institutional trust negatively moderated the effects of medical humanization on patient satisfaction and communication. These findings suggest that humanistic communication contributes to patient satisfaction in the face of a huge public health crisis, and patients' evaluation of satisfaction is also regulated by rational cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoou Bu
- Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, No. 3663 North Zhongshan Road, 200062, Shanghai, China.
- College of Medical Humanities and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Yao Wang
- Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, No. 3663 North Zhongshan Road, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Du
- Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, No. 3663 North Zhongshan Road, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanglu Mu
- School of Marxism, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, No. 3663 North Zhongshan Road, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Wang
- College of Medical Humanities and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China.
- Key Research Center of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China.
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Wang M, Zhang H, Luo Y, Xu M. Comprehensive risk management of health, safety and environment for social emergency rescue organization. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23021. [PMID: 38163236 PMCID: PMC10754858 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
During the rescue and relief work of social emergency rescue organizations, the rescue team members face significant responsibilities and risks. Social rescue organizations need to improve funding, available equipment and other aspects compared with professional emergency rescue organizations. Moreover, the development of rescue levels among emergency rescue organizations is unbalanced, and rescue teams'' comprehensive quality and skills are uneven. To understand the safety risks of these organizations before the implementation of rescue and relief tasks, the task situation and its characteristics must be assessed timely, and safety must be ensured under the premise of efficient completion of the rescue missions. Based on the theory of safety system engineering and health, safety, and environment risk management, a risk management model is established to achieve a closed-loop risk management. The risk factors in rescue and relief tasks of social rescue organizations were identified, and a health, safety and environment risk assessment index system and grading standard were established. A gray cloud model was applied for the evaluation method, the problems of information randomness, risk-level boundary fuzziness and randomness of the evaluation index data were effectively solved. Subsequently, a risk hierarchical early warning and control strategies were proposed to allocate emergency resources rationally. The proposed method was verified and found to have universal applicability and strong practicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Wang
- College of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geoscience (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haoying Zhang
- College of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geoscience (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yun Luo
- College of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geoscience (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ming Xu
- College of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geoscience (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
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Noda Y, Asano K, Shimizu E, Hirano Y. Assessing the association between probable posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and quality of life among emergency service workers using path analysis. Work 2024; 77:573-587. [PMID: 37718827 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency service workers have highly stressful occupations; the stressors encountered can contribute to the development of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). OBJECTIVE The present study used a conceptual model and survey to identify variables influencing the association between probable PTSD and quality of life (QOL) in emergency service workers. METHOD PTSD was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. QOL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey. Path analysis was used to determine whether stress-coping (Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced [Brief COPE] scores), social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support [MSPSS] scores), and resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale scores) explain the association between probable PTSD and QOL among 220 emergency service workers in Japan. RESULTS Impact of Event Scale-Revised scores were significantly positively associated with Brief COPE Active coping scores and significantly negatively associated with MSPSS scores. Brief COPE Active coping and MSPSS scores were significantly positively associated with Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale scores, which were in turn significantly positively associated with Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey scores. CONCLUSION Active coping in response to stressful situations is important for maintaining good mental health among emergency service workers. Active coping and social support may strengthen resilience, and resilience may improve QOL. Screening for mental health and QOL should include simultaneous assessment of stress-coping, social support, and resilience. Although the findings of this cross-sectional study are important, it could not confirm a causal relationship between PTSD and QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Noda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Care at Makuhari, Tohto University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Psychological Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, Mejiro University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development (Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui), Osaka, Japan
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development (Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui), Osaka, Japan
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Nishikawa A, Yamaguchi T, Yamada Y, Urata H, Shinkawa T, Matsunari Y. How Do Disaster Relief Nurses in Japan Perceive and Respond to Risks? A Cross-Sectional Study. NURSING REPORTS 2023; 13:1410-1420. [PMID: 37873825 PMCID: PMC10594493 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep13040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the risk perceptions among disaster relief nurses (DRNs) in Japan by focusing on 15 risk factors associated with frequent natural disasters and the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional study that targeted DRNs across six prefectures in Japan and explored nurses' perceptions of risks including radiation exposure, volcanic eruptions, and mass infections. The findings indicated a heightened perception of radiation and nuclear-related risks. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, DRNs perceived "mass infection" as a significant risk. An age-based analysis revealed that younger nurses had more dread about "mass infection" and had heightened uncertainty about the "X-ray test" compared with their older peers. Understanding DRNs' risk perceptions is crucial for effective disaster response preparedness and training. The study highlights the need to address these perceptions to ensure that DRNs are well prepared and supported in their roles. This study was not pre-registered on a publicly accessible registry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takumi Yamaguchi
- Research Administration Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
- Nuclear Safety Research Association, Tokyo 105-0004, Japan
- School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Yumiko Yamada
- Department of Nursing, Kwassui Women’s University, Nagasaki 856-0835, Japan;
| | - Hideko Urata
- Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (H.U.); (T.S.)
| | - Tetsuko Shinkawa
- Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (H.U.); (T.S.)
| | - Yuko Matsunari
- School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
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Flannery RB, Flannery GJ. Public Works Employees and Posttruamatic Stress Disorder: an At-Risk Population. Psychiatr Q 2023; 94:531-540. [PMID: 36808046 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-023-10014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Although not widely known, public works employees in the United States were designated as emergency providers during critical incidents in 2003 and have provided these public works services, when activated. These public works employees may be either employees of a specific government entity or, more recently, privately contracted employees who provide similar services for a government entity. First responders working critical incidents are at risk for psychological trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is less clear, however, whether government/contracted public works employees working the same critical incidents are subject to the same risk of onset. This paper reviewed 24 empirical studies assessing this possible association from 1980 to 2020. These studies included 94,302 government/contracted employees. Psychological trauma/PTSD was reported in all 24 manuscripts assessing PTSD. Three of these studies additionally reporting serious somatic health problems. Public works employees are at risk for onset and this is a worldwide issue. Study findings and treatment implications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond B Flannery
- The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- , Newton, MA, USA.
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Acharya Pandey R, Chalise P, Khadka S, Chaulagain B, Maharjan B, Pandey J, Nepal J, Pandey C. Post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors among survivors of 2015 earthquake in Nepal. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:340. [PMID: 37189110 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural disasters cause long term psychological consequences, especially post-traumatic stress disorders. It has been regarded as the most prevalent of psychiatric disorders after a natural disaster. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and determine its associated factors in adult survivors three years after the 2015 Nepal earthquake. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive design was used where 1076 adults within the age range of 19-65 were randomly selected and interviewed from four adversely affected districts due to the 2015 earthquake. Instruments included a demographic questionnaire, an earthquake exposure questionnaire, the Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS), and the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 16 for data analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of PTSD among earthquake survivors was 18.9%. The multivariate logistic regression showed that gender, ethnicity, education, occupation, social support and severity of damage to house and property were significantly associated with PTSD. Odds of having PTSD was 1.6 times higher among females (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.3) and nearly 2 times higher amongst illiterate survivors (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-2.8). Participants from the Janajati ethnic group and those who had a business occupation had a 50% lower risk of having PTSD. Around 39% of the participants had moderate social support and had 60% lower odds of having PTSD compared to those with poor social support (AOR = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2-0.5, p < 0.001). Participants with medium and very high-level damage to personal property were more likely to have PTSD. CONCLUSION Post-traumatic stress disorder remained prevalent amongst survivors three years after the 2015 Nepal Earthquake. It is important to provide psychological and social support for survivors to decrease the health burden from PTSD. Socio-demographic characteristics such as females, farmers, those survivors who endured significant personal property damage were at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Acharya Pandey
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, GPO Box 11008, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal.
| | - Pratibha Chalise
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, GPO Box 11008, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Sunita Khadka
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, GPO Box 11008, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Bina Chaulagain
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, GPO Box 11008, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Binu Maharjan
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, GPO Box 11008, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Jyotsna Pandey
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, GPO Box 11008, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Jyoti Nepal
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, GPO Box 11008, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Chandranshu Pandey
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, GPO Box 11008, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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Valkovskaya M, Hassan A, Zartaloudi E, Hussain F, Umar M, Khizar B, Khattak I, Gill SA, Khan SUDA, Dogar IA, Mustafa AB, Ansari MA, Qalb I Hyder S, Ali M, Ilyas N, Channar P, Mughal N, Channa S, Mufti K, Mufti AA, Hussain MI, Shafiq S, Tariq M, Khan MK, Chaudhry ST, Choudhary AR, Ali MN, Ali G, Hussain A, Rehman M, Ahmad N, Farooq S, Naeem F, Nasr T, Lewis G, Knowles JA, Ayub M, Kuchenbaecker K. Study protocol of DIVERGE, the first genetic epidemiological study of major depressive disorder in Pakistan. Psychiatr Genet 2023; 33:69-78. [PMID: 36538573 PMCID: PMC9997631 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, 80% of the burdenof major depressive disorder (MDD) pertains to low- and middle-income countries. Research into genetic and environmental risk factors has the potential to uncover disease mechanisms that may contribute to better diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, yet has so far been largely limited to participants with European ancestry from high-income countries. The DIVERGE study was established to help overcome this gap and investigate genetic and environmental risk factors for MDD in Pakistan. METHODS DIVERGE aims to enrol 9000 cases and 4000 controls in hospitals across the country. Here, we provide the rationale for DIVERGE, describe the study protocol and characterise the sample using data from the first 500 cases. Exploratory data analysis is performed to describe demographics, socioeconomic status, environmental risk factors, family history of mental illness and psychopathology. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Many participants had severe depression with 74% of patients who experienced multiple depressive episodes. It was a common practice to seek help for mental health struggles from faith healers and religious leaders. Socioeconomic variables reflected the local context with a large proportion of women not having access to any education and the majority of participants reporting no savings. CONCLUSION DIVERGE is a carefully designed case-control study of MDD in Pakistan that captures diverse risk factors. As the largest genetic study in Pakistan, DIVERGE helps address the severe underrepresentation of people from South Asian countries in genetic as well as psychiatric research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arsalan Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Eirini Zartaloudi
- Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fahad Hussain
- Lahore Institute of Research and Development, Lahore
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Lahore Institute of Research and Development, Lahore
| | - Bakht Khizar
- Lahore Institute of Research and Development, Lahore
| | | | | | | | | | - Ali Burhan Mustafa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan
| | - Moin Ahmed Ansari
- Sir Cowasjee Jehangir Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Sciences, Hyderabad
| | - Syed Qalb I Hyder
- Sir Cowasjee Jehangir Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Sciences, Hyderabad
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Sir Cowasjee Jehangir Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Sciences, Hyderabad
| | - Nilofar Ilyas
- Sir Cowasjee Jehangir Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Sciences, Hyderabad
| | - Parveen Channar
- Sir Cowasjee Jehangir Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Sciences, Hyderabad
| | - Nazish Mughal
- Sir Cowasjee Jehangir Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Sciences, Hyderabad
| | - Sumera Channa
- Sir Cowasjee Jehangir Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Sciences, Hyderabad
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gohar Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Saidu Teaching Hospital
| | | | | | - Noman Ahmad
- Punjab Institute of Mental Health (PIMH), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Farooq
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele
- Innovation Department, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Staffotdshire, UK
| | - Farooq Naeem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanveer Nasr
- Lahore Institute of Research and Development, Lahore
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - James A. Knowles
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey (HGINJ), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karoline Kuchenbaecker
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Tahernejad S, Ghaffari S, Ariza-Montes A, Wesemann U, Farahmandnia H, Sahebi A. Post-traumatic stress disorder in medical workers involved in earthquake response: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12794. [PMID: 36685451 PMCID: PMC9850193 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Medical workers involved in responding to the earthquake are exposed to frightening scenes and witness dead bodies and severely injured moaning people, predisposing them to multiple mental health consequences. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after earthquakes among medical workers using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and methods The review study was performed following PRISMA guidelines, and the study's protocol was registered in PROSPERO with the code CRD42022333069. The data resources of Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were searched to specify the related studies. To perform meta-analysis, the random effects model was utilized, and the I2 index was considered to assess heterogeneity between studies. The STATA software was used for data analysis. Results In the initial data resources search, 1399 articles were identified. From these articles, 13 were finally chosen for meta-analysis and quality assessment. The meta-analysis results indicated that the prevalence of post-earthquake PTSD among medical workers involved in the earthquake response was 16.37% (95% CI: 11.63-21.11, I2 = 97.33%, p = 0 < 0.001). Conclusion The medical workers involved in response to the earthquake have a relatively high risk of PTSD in the short and long term. Therefore, medical workers involved in response to disasters should undergo screening for mental health disorders before and after disasters and receive the necessary training with regard to stress management, psychological resilience, and how to express their feelings and emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Tahernejad
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sina Ghaffari
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering and Safety at Work, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Ulrich Wesemann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology, Bundeswehr Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hojjat Farahmandnia
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Sahebi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran,Corresponding author.
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12
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Majani AF, Ghazali SR, Yong CY, Pauzi N, Adenan F, Manogaran K. Job-related psychological trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depressive symptoms among Malaysian firefighters. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 76:103248. [PMID: 36037699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alia Fadaliana Majani
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Siti Raudzah Ghazali
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Chen Yoke Yong
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Norasikin Pauzi
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Faizul Adenan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Kokilah Manogaran
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
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13
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Hernández-Fernández C, Meneses-Falcón C. "The worst thing that has happened to me": Healthcare and social services professionals confronting death during the COVID-19 crisis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:957173. [PMID: 35968471 PMCID: PMC9374276 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.957173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study analyzes the subjective emotional impact COVID-19 deaths have had on healthcare, social services, and funeral services professionals, it explores the different implications, and analyzes the different reactions of health and social care professionals and funeral professionals to the volume of deaths. Methods This work is based on a qualitative, phenomenological, and interpretative approach through in-depth interviews with 42 informants, including 36 social and healthcare professionals, as well as 6 family members of those who died from COVID-19 in Madrid. The interviews were processed through a qualitative, interpretative, categorical analysis. Results Healthcare professionals were overexposed to a significant number of deaths under dramatic circumstances. Many of these professionals had difficulties processing their experiences and expressed the need for psychological help. The fact that certain professionals had previous exposure to high mortality rates was not a protective factor. Some coping differences were seen between healthcare professionals and professionals dedicated to the care of the deceased (undertakers or firemen), particularly in the degree to which they personalized the care they provided. Conclusion The overexposure to death with the circumstances that existed during the state of emergency had a significant emotional impact on the professionals, which can lead to mental health problems in the near term.
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14
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Noda Y, Asano K, Shimizu E, Hirano Y. The mediating effect of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression on the relationship between personality traits and quality of life in emergency service workers. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 116:152327. [PMID: 35643052 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency service workers are often exposed to fatalities during accidents or disasters. Therefore, they may be more prone to experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. It has been shown that these comorbid disorders are related to personality traits and quality of life (QOL). METHODS We hypothesized that mental disorders, such as symptoms of PTSD and depression, mediate the relationship between personality traits, as measured on the 10-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), and QOL, as measured on the MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTS Participants were aged 23-61 years. Questionnaires were sent to 373 participants, 220 of whom returned responses. A direct effect was found between two subscales of the TIPI (Extraversion and Emotional stability) and mental component summary scores of the SF-36 (Extraversion: β = 0.154, p < .001; Emotional stability: β = 0.179, p < .001), which indicated partial mediation. A significant indirect effect was revealed between two personality traits and mental health summary scores (Extraversion: β = 0.058, p < .001; Emotional stability: β = 0.087, p < .001). We also found a direct effect of extraversion scores of the TIPI on role/social component summary scores of the SF-36 (β = 0.084, p < .05). However, none of the 95% confidential intervals was significant, which indicated full mediation, and the indirect effect was significant (β = 0.023, p < .01). Sensitivity analysis indicated that a direct effect between extraversion scores of the TIPI and role/social component summary scores of the SF-36 was significant, which indicated partial mediation. CONCLUSIONS The findings of direct and indirect effects highlight the importance of identifying effective methods for protecting individuals from developing symptoms of PTSD and depression; moreover, they may help improve QOL. The capacity of dealing with incidents among emergency service workers may vary depending on their personality traits. Therefore, the screening of mental health states that includes a personality trait inventory may be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Noda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan; Department of Nursing, Teikyo University of Science, 34-1 Senjumotomachi, Adachi-ku, Tokyo 120-0041, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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15
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Kashiwazaki Y, Matsunaga H, Orita M, Taira Y, Oishi K, Takamura N. Occupational Difficulties of Disaster-Affected Local Government Employees in the Long-Term Recovery Phase after the Fukushima Nuclear Accident: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Modeling Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073979. [PMID: 35409662 PMCID: PMC8997478 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Local government officials play a central role in post-disaster community reconstruction. However, few studies have reported on the actual difficulties during a complex disaster involving a nuclear accident. A self-rated questionnaire survey was administered to a total of 583 public employees in four municipalities around the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. The relationship between universal occupational factors and radiation disaster-specific factors on job satisfaction and intention to leave the job due to radiation anxiety was evaluated using structural equation modeling. The results showed that interpersonal problems (β = −0.246) and service years (β = −0.127) were related to job satisfaction, whereas radiation-specific factors were not related to job satisfaction, and only to the intention to leave work due to radiation anxiety. A sense of coherence was associated with job satisfaction (β = 0.373) and intention to leave work due to radiation anxiety (β = −0.182), and it served as a moderator of the universal occupational factors and the radiation disaster-specific factors. Therefore, it is suggested that outcomes could be improved through increased stress coping capacity by providing support for relationships and radiation risk communication to public employees during the disaster recovery period.
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16
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Miki T, Yamamoto S, Fukunaga A, Inoue Y, Ishiwari H, Ishii M, Miyo K, Konishi M, Ohmagari N, Mizoue T. Association between eating balanced meals and depressive symptoms in Japanese hospital workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2022; 42:109-113. [PMID: 35106943 PMCID: PMC8919113 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim While accumulating evidence suggests a protective role of healthy diet against depression, evidence on this issue is limited among healthcare workers combating COVID‐19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to determine the cross‐sectional association between frequency of balanced meal consumption and depressive symptoms among Japanese hospital workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods Participants were 2,457 workers of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine who responded to a questionnaire survey in October or December 2020. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the patient health questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9). The number of days per week of eating two or more balanced meals was categorized into four from ≤1 day/week to daily. The association between frequency of balanced meal consumption and depressive symptoms was assessed using logistic regression analysis, with adjustment for lifestyle and COVID‐19‐related factors. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 14.8%. The odds of depressive symptoms increased with decreasing frequency of balanced meal consumption. The multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of depressive symptoms were 1.00 (reference), 1.09 (0.75‐1.58), 1.62 (1.17‐2.24), and 2.21 (1.54‐3.17) for balanced meal consumption categories of daily, 4‐5 days/week, 2‐3 days/week, and ≤1 day/week, respectively (P for trend<0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that infrequent consumption of well‐balanced meal is associated with increased depressive symptoms among hospital workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Miki
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ami Fukunaga
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Inoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Ishiwari
- Center for Medical Informatics Intelligence, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Ishii
- Center for Medical Informatics Intelligence, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Miyo
- Center for Medical Informatics Intelligence, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Tanaka T, Takeshita S, Inoue T, Yoshino A, Sawamura T, Toda H. Psychological and traumatic stress and the risk of developing diabetes and psychiatric disorders after a disaster-relief mission: An eight-year longitudinal study of Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force personnel dispatched for the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake disaster-relief mission. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 146:118-124. [PMID: 34971909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Great East Japan Earthquake caused triple disasters-the earthquake itself, tsunamis, and nuclear leakage. Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) personnel engaged in disaster-relief suffered various degrees of psychological stress, which is associated with psychiatric as well as physical disorders, such as diabetes. This study aimed to assess the effect of mission-related stress on the development of diabetes and psychiatric disorders in these personnel using JMSDF annual physical check-up data from 2010 to 2018 and Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) questionnaire data. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the hazard ratios (HRs) of developing diabetes and psychiatric disorders in the dispatched (N = 3686) vs. non-dispatched (N = 13,953) groups and high IES-R (score ≥25) vs. low IES-R score and high K-10 (score ≥25) vs. low K-10 score subgroups. We found a significantly higher HR of developing diabetes in the high IES-R score subgroup (2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-3.80). However, the HRs were not significant when comparing dispatched vs. non-dispatched groups and high vs. low K-10 score subgroups. Although the HR of developing psychiatric disorders was significantly lower in the dispatched group (0.64; 95% CI, 0.48-0.84), it was significantly higher in the high IES-R (7.95; 95% CI, 3.38-18.74) and high K-10 (8.76; 95% CI, 4.34-17.68) score subgroups. Thus, this study indicates the importance of paying closer attention to the risk of diabetes and psychiatric disorders in individuals with high IES-R or K-10 scores after disaster-relief activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Self-Defense Forces Hospital Yokosuka, 1766-1 Tauraminatomachi, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa, 237-0071, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjyuku, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Shogo Takeshita
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjyuku, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Aihide Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takehito Sawamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital, Setagaya, 1-2-24 Ikejiri, Setagata-ku, Tokyo, 154-0001, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Toda
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
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18
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CANSEL N, UCUZ İ. Post-traumatic stress and associated factors among healthcare workers in the early stage following the 2020 Malatya-Elazığ earthquake. KONURALP TIP DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.18521/ktd.1000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Li S, Guo C, Chan SSS. ICD-11 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Complex PTSD Among Hospital Medical Workers in China: Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake Exposure, Workplaces, and Sociodemographic Factors. Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:735861. [PMID: 35111084 PMCID: PMC8801437 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.735861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies address posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following disasters as a public health issue. However, few studies investigate the long-term effect of disaster exposure on PTSD among hospital medical workers (HMWs). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to study the prevalence of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD (CPTSD) among exposed and non-exposed HMWs 11 years after the Wenchuan earthquake in China, to identify the factors associated with PTSD and CPTSD scores, and to examine the factor structures of PTSD and CPTSD models. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire. Two thousand fifty-nine valid samples were collected from four hospitals in 2019. Descriptive statistical analysis, multivariate regression models, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed. RESULTS The prevalence of PTSD and CPTSD was 0.58 and 0.34%, respectively. The unexposed group reported higher PTSD and CPTSD scores than the exposed group. The type of workplace and marital status were significantly associated with the PTSD and CPTSD scores of HMWs. The CFA results indicate that both the correlated first-order model and the correlated two-layer model were a good fit to explain the structure of PTSD and CPTSD. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that few HMWs who were exposed to the Wenchuan earthquake suffered from PTSD or CPTSD 11 years following the disaster. However, psychological support was still necessary for all HMWs, especially for unmarried HMWs who were Working in smaller hospitals. Further research is required to analyze mental health status using ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD to provide ongoing evidence to help HWMs cope effectively with the challenges of future disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijian Li
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chunlan Guo
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Community Health Services, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sunshine S. S. Chan
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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20
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Amanda AR, Hidajah AC, Wahyuni CU. The Effect of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Women After The Earthquake in Central Sulawesi. JURNAL BERKALA EPIDEMIOLOGI 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/jbe.v9i32021.303-309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder caused by uncommon occurrences such as threats or catastrophic events. Women are particularly susceptible to developing PTSD, as they have a range of threat perceptions. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of PTSD on women survivor of the earthquake in the Sigi Biromaru sub-district of Central Sulawesi. Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted using a cross-sectional design. The population for this study were housewives who have been displaced by the earthquake and are currently residing in temporary shelters (Huntara) in a village located in the Sigi Biromaru sub-district. The instrument used in this study was the PTSD measurement questionnaire sheet. It was conducted from March to April 2020 and included a total of 115 participants. Univariate analysis was used to determine the respondents’ characteristics, including their age, education, occupation, income, and a description of the PTSD condition. Results: The results show that the majority of respondents experienced severe PTSD (70.43%). Most of the respondents (35.65%) were between the ages of 37 and 46, were senior high school graduates (40%), were unemployed (74%), and had earnings of < 2,500,000 (85.22%). Three variables that affect PTSD are education with a p-value of 0.03 < 0.05, job/occupation with a p-value of 0.02 < 0.05, and income with a p-value of 0.03 < 0.05. Conclusion: Women who are elderly, have a low level of education, are unemployed, and have low income are more vulnerable to experiencing PTSD.
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21
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Molt F, Torres P, Flores V, Valladares C, Ibáñez JL, Cortés M. Trastornos del sueño en emergencias y desastres. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2021. [PMCID: PMC8635449 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Los trastornos del sueño son frecuentes en la población y una causa importante de morbilidad. El objetivo de esta revisión es evaluar las alteraciones del sueño en periodos de emergencia y desastres. A lo largo de la historia, la esfera biopsicosocial y el sueño de las personas ha sido abrumada por múltiples eventos a gran escala, tales como desastres naturales, tragedias provocadas por el hombre, conflictos bélicos, crisis sociales y pandemias, cuya experiencia puede derivar en problemas de salud a corto, mediano y/o largo plazo. En los estudios analizados, se ha observado el impacto negativo de las emergencias y desastres en el sueño, por lo que ha cobrado gran relevancia la difusión y promoción de medidas que incentiven el buen dormir. Debido a la llegada del COVID-19 y a la situación de confinamiento por periodos prolongados en el hogar para prevenir su propagación, han surgido importantes consecuencias a nivel social. Ciertos factores ocupacionales y características de los desastres se asocian a mayor comorbilidad, un alto riesgo de experimentar agotamiento físico, trastornos psicológicos e insomnio en grupos altamente vulnerables, como lo son los profesionales de la salud, rescatistas y socorristas. El insomnio es el trastorno de sueño más frecuente en la población general y su empeoramiento en el contexto de pandemia por COVID-19 representa un nuevo problema en salud pública. Es por ello, que es indispensable promover campañas de prevención de salud física y mental orientados a la pesquisa precoz y manejo de patologías de la esfera psicosocial, dentro de las posibilidades socioeconómicas.
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22
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Shiga T, Zhang W, Ohira T, Suzuki Y, Maeda M, Mashiko H, Yabe H, Iwasa H, Nakano H, Yasumura S, Kamiya K. Socioeconomic status, damage-related conditions, and PTSD following the Fukushima-daiichi nuclear power plant accident:The Fukushima Health Management Survey. Fukushima J Med Sci 2021; 67:71-82. [PMID: 34456222 PMCID: PMC8460284 DOI: 10.5387/fms.2020-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Great East Japan Earthquake severely damaged the Tohoku and Kanto districts, and Fukushima Prefecture faced a subsequent nuclear disaster. Few studies have reported the effects of socioeconomic stressors on individuals’ mental status following disasters. We analyzed the responses of 60,704 adult residents of a designated restricted area to the PTSD Checklist-Stressor-Specific Version (PCL-S). The relationships between the PCL-S scores and demographic, socioeconomic, and damage-related variables were analyzed using regression analysis to predict participants’ severity of PTSD symptoms. Approximately 14.1% of evacuees had severe PTSD symptoms (PCL-S ≥50) eighteen months post-earthquake. The PCL-S scores were higher among women, older adults, less educated people, those with a history of mental illness, and those living outside Fukushima Prefecture. The PCL-S scores increased with participants’ scores on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. The number of trauma-exposure stressors and socioeconomic stressors were associated with 1.52 and 3.77 increases in the PCL-S score, respectively. Furthermore, psychological distress, unemployment, decreased income, house damage, tsunami experience, nuclear power plant accident experience, and loss of someone close due to the disaster were associated with the prevalence of severe PTSD symptoms. The complex triple disaster of a major earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear accident created significant socioeconomic changes that may be important determinants of PTSD among residents of restricted access areas in Fukushima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Shiga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University.,Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University.,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Wen Zhang
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Yuriko Suzuki
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Hirobumi Mashiko
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University.,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University.,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Hajime Iwasa
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University.,Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Hironori Nakano
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University.,Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University.,Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University
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A Concept Analysis on Disaster Resilience in Rescue Workers: The Psychological Perspective. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 16:1682-1691. [PMID: 34286679 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The term disaster resilience has not been well defined. The purpose of this article is to scrutinize the concept of disaster resilience in rescue workers. METHODS A systematic search was conducted of the PsychInfo, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus databases using the key terms. The framework from Walker and Avant was used to analyze the concept of disaster resilience. RESULTS A total of 26 papers was included in this analysis. The attributes of disaster resilience have been identified from the literature as including personality, perceived control, self-efficacy, coping strategies, and social support. The antecedents of disaster resilience are disastrous events and preparedness for disaster. The consequences of disaster resilience are psychological well-being, posttraumatic growth, and enhanced work engagement. CONCLUSION This concept analysis presents a definition of the concept of disaster resilience that could contribute to the development of a standardized screening or assessment tool and tailored training programs to strengthen disaster resilience among those who are willing to be deployed to engage in disaster rescue work and those who have been involved in such work.
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Chen HY, Ahmad CA, Abdullah KL. The impact of serving in disaster relief among volunteers in Malaysia. Chin J Traumatol 2021; 24:237-248. [PMID: 34112591 PMCID: PMC8343802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Malaysian disaster relief volunteers have a long and proud history of participating in relief missions within and outside the country. Despite of a plethora of researches into the various areas of disaster relief, there has been a little scholarly activity looking into the experiences of the medical volunteers worldwide and even less research on the experiences of the relief volunteers in Malaysia. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the effect of disaster relief works on volunteers in Malaysia. METHODS This is a non-experimental cross-sectional design study, which was conducted using survey questionnaire to examine the incidence of burnout, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the quality of life (QOL) among the disaster relief volunteers. And the study also examined the socio-demographic variables of the participants. In addition, the association between the sociodemographic variable and the preferred coping strategies was also investigated through self-reporting checklist. RESULTS The findings of this study revealed that 90.9% volunteers (n = 312) experienced some levels of recurring stress throughout their lives, which led to burnout. Also, 96.8% (n = 332) of the participants were categorized as having at least some symptoms of PTSD. However, self-reporting QOL measurements indicated that the participants are, in general, satisfied with their lives. Significant associations between the incidence of burnout, incidence of PTSD and QOL were identified. Both positive coping measures and behavioral or avoidant coping measures were also identified. Furthermore, a number of socio-demographic factors were also seen to interact significantly with burnout, PTSD and QOL. CONCLUSION This study provides some insights into the psychological challenges of disaster relief volunteers in Malaysia, and this impact can last a long time after the volunteers return to their hometowns. Several recommendations including practice development, policy and research were discussed in the study.
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25
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Implementing psychological first aid ontology. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252891. [PMID: 34106955 PMCID: PMC8189500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study develops an ontology of Psychological First Aid (PFA) by extracting relevant knowledge from a review of PFA literature. Materials and methods This study was conducted using the PFA ontology development 101 method. This review processes previously-developed PFA studies by consulting Google Scholar, CINHL, PUBMED, and MEDLINE. Protege 5.0 program was used to integrate with ontology development. The developed PFA ontology consisted of eight super classes: Action agenda, Assessment, Concrete method, Disaster type, Disaster disposition, Purpose, Qualification and Skill, Reaction. In total, 166 terms were collected. Results The eight super classes were divided into 72 classes and 64 subclasses. The composition yielded in a total of 166 axioms (85 logical axioms; 81 declaration axioms). Conclusions This study provides basic data to guide development and composition of PFA arbitration programs.
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Tsuboi A, Matsui H, Shiraishi N, Murakami T, Otsuki A, Kawashima J, Kiyama T, Tamahara T, Goto M, Koyama S, Sugawara J, Kodama EN, Metoki H, Hozawa A, Kuriyama S, Tomita H, Kikuya M, Minegishi N, Suzuki K, Koshiba S, Tamiya G, Fuse N, Aoki Y, Takai-Igarashi T, Ogishima S, Nakamura T, Sakurai-Yageta M, Nagami F, Kinoshita K, Kure S, Shimizu R, Sasaki K, Yamamoto M. Design and Progress of Oral Health Examinations in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2021; 251:97-115. [PMID: 32581193 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.251.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess the long-term impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on the oral health of disaster victims and to evaluate gene-environmental interactions in the development of major oral diseases and oral-systemic associations, the oral part of two large-scale genome cohort studies by the Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo), including the Community-based cohort (CommCohort) study and the Birth and Three-Generation cohort (BirThree) study, have been conducted. The study population comprised 32,185 subjects, including 16,886 participants in the CommCohort study and 15,299 participants in the BirThree cohort study, recruited from 2013 to 2017. The oral studies consist of a questionnaire regarding oral hygiene behavior, clinical examinations by dentists, and oral plaque and saliva sampling for microbiome analyses, which were carried out at seven community support centers in Miyagi prefecture. The median age of all participants was 55.0 years, and 66.1% of participants were women. Almost all participants reported that they brushed their teeth more than once a day. The median number of present teeth was 27.0, and the decayed, missing and filled tooth number was 16.0, with a significant difference according to age and sex. The median periodontal pocket and clinical attachment level was 2.48 mm and 4.00 mm, respectively. Periodontal parameters increased significantly according to age, except for the accumulation of dental calculus. The oral part of these extensive cross-sectional studies provides a unique and important platform for future studies on oral health and diseases that elicit through interactions with systemic diseases, lifestyles, life events and genetic backgrounds, and contributes to researches clarifying the long-term effects of disasters on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Tsuboi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Hiroyuki Matsui
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University
| | | | - Takahisa Murakami
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University.,Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Akihito Otsuki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | | | - Tomomi Kiyama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University
| | - Toru Tamahara
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University
| | - Maki Goto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | | | - Junichi Sugawara
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Eiichi N Kodama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University.,International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University
| | - Hirohito Metoki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University.,International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University.,International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University
| | - Masahiro Kikuya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University.,Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Naoko Minegishi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Kichiya Suzuki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Seizo Koshiba
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University.,Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN
| | - Nobuo Fuse
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Yuichi Aoki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Takako Takai-Igarashi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Soichi Ogishima
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | | | - Fuji Nagami
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Ritsuko Shimizu
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | | | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
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Zhang X, Gao Y, Dai X, Zhou J, Yan L, Hou F, Yuan P, Wen J. Health-related quality of life among survivors in minority area 2 years after Jiuzhaigou earthquake: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25089. [PMID: 33725900 PMCID: PMC7969211 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and related factors, the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among earthquake survivors in minority area 2 years after Jiuzhaigou earthquake.Two years after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake, a cross-sectional survey was conducted by a multi-stage sampling approach. HRQoL was measured by the short form 12 (SF-12), PTSD was measured by the PTSD Check List-Civilian Version (PCL-C), and social support was measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis were used for data analysis.Of the 561 participants, the mean scores on the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) were 46.36 ± 12.79 and 55.03 ± 8.73, and 5.73% reported the symptoms of PTSD. Lower PCS and MCS after an earthquake were associated with elderly age, physical illness, and low level of social support (P < .05). Meanwhile, PTSD was significantly associated with MCS.These findings showed that physical disease and psychological symptoms can adversely affect the HRQoL of survivors. Moreover, providing higher social support to survivors should be considered as a way to improve the HRQoL outcomes of survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health
| | - Yuyang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health
| | - Liuqing Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health
| | - Furang Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health
| | - Jin Wen
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Zheng Y, Xiao L, Huang Y, Wang Q, Xie Y, Wang H, Wang G. Possible Vicarious Traumatization Among Psychiatric Inpatients During the Remission Phase of the COVID-19: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:677082. [PMID: 34504442 PMCID: PMC8421644 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.677082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Far from being a clinical disease, the COVID-19 pandemic has become a threatening social event worldwide exerting long-term impacts on human beings. Objective: This study was designed to determine if and to what extent psychiatric inpatients during the remission phase of the pandemic suffered from vicarious traumatization. Method: Totally 266 eligible participants from psychiatric and psychological wards in a hospital were recruited during October 26th, 2020 to February 4th, 2021 to finish a self-made online questionnaire consisting of Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-Revised (PSQI-R), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Beck Suicide Ideation Scale (SSI), 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). Meanwhile, some socio-demographics and information related to the pandemic were also recorded. Results: The detection rate of vicarious traumatic symptoms (VTS) was 80.83%, including 40.98% for mild ones, 25.56% for moderate ones, and 14.29% for severe ones, among whom 98.14% possessed all three phenotypes. 27.07% of the sample were considered possible vicarious traumatization (pVT). Having acquaintances infected with or died from COVID-19, worries on re-outbreak of COVID-19, a higher score of OCI-R or lower score of SF-12, and long latency of VTS were independent risk factors of pVT. Conclusion: Our study showed that COVID-19 could have profound mental influences on psychiatric inpatients. It is high time we did some screening in the wards to seek for patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yage Zheng
- Mental Health Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Mental Health Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonglan Huang
- Mental Health Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Mental Health Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinping Xie
- Mental Health Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Mental Health Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Mental Health Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Moore A, van Loenhout JAF, de Almeida MM, Smith P, Guha-Sapir D. Measuring mental health burden in humanitarian settings: a critical review of assessment tools. Glob Health Action 2020; 13:1783957. [PMID: 32657249 PMCID: PMC7480646 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1783957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of disasters and conflicts are widespread and heavily studied. While attention to disasters' impacts on mental health is growing, mental health effects are not well understood due to inconsistencies in measurement. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to review mental health assessment tools and their use in populations affected by disasters and conflicts. METHOD Tools that assess posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, substance use disorder, and general mental health were examined. This review began with a search for assessment tools in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Next, validation studies for the tools were obtained through snowball sampling. A final search was conducted for scientific studies using the selected tools in humanitarian settings to collect the data for analysis. The benefits and limitations described for each tool were compiled into a complete table. RESULTS Twelve assessment tools were included, with 88 studies using them. The primary findings indicate that half of the studies used the Impact of Events Scale-Revised. The most common limitation discussed is that self-report tools inaccurately estimate the prevalence of mental health problems. This inaccuracy is further exacerbated by a lack of cultural appropriateness of the tools, as many are developed for Western contexts. CONCLUSION It is recommended that researchers and humanitarian workers reflect on the effectiveness of the mental health assessment tool they use to accurately represent the populations under study in emergency settings. In addition, mental health assessment should be coupled with action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Moore
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joris Adriaan Frank van Loenhout
- Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Moitinho de Almeida
- Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Smith
- Institute of Health and Society IRSS, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Debarati Guha-Sapir
- Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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30
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Characteristics of Resilience Among Disaster Rescue Workers: A Systematic Review. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 16:380-389. [PMID: 33138888 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Disasters can cause long-lasting damage to survivors and rescue workers. Some rescue workers suffer negative physical and psychological consequences, while others do not. Thus, it is of value to fully understand the characteristics of rescuers who have not been affected by rescue activities. Resilience refers to the ability or capacity to cope with adversity. The aim of this review is to explore and identify the characteristics of resilience among rescue workers. A systematic literature search was conducted of seven electronic databases from inception to May 2019, using keywords and medical subject heading terms related to the resilience of rescuers. Hand searches and searches of leading authors were also performed. A total of 31 articles were eligible for review. Six domains were identified to characterize the resilience of rescuers namely, demographic and physical characteristics, personality traits, coping strategies, perceived resources, being equipped with special skills for disaster rescue, and having less adverse consequences from exposure to disaster. Researchers and disaster managers can take note of these characteristics to comprehensively understand the 'positive concept' of resilience. This enhanced understanding of 'positive resilience' can in turn be used to develop a framework to assess and establish interventions, and consequently to improve the psychological wellbeing of rescuers after disaster rescue efforts.
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31
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Takeshita S, Toda H, Tanaka T, Koga M, Yoshino A, Sawamura T. Psychological and physical condition of Japan maritime self-defense force personnel who performed disaster-relief missions after the 2011 great east Japan earthquake. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 130:104-111. [PMID: 32805519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred on March 11, 2011, was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan. In the present study, we examine personnel from the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force who performed disaster relief in the earthquake's aftermath, focusing on the associated psychological and physical impacts. Overall, 8733 personnel were examined. In both July-August 2011 (M1) and July 2012 (M2), these personnel answered the Impact of Events Scale-Revised, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and the Disaster Relief Questionnaire. We also analyzed the sample's physical examination records for the periods before and after the earthquake, using as controls a sample of peers who were not dispatched to the disaster area (N = 32,270). The psychological examinations showed that, in M1, holding the rank of private/sergeant (odds ratio [OR] = 2.13), performing body-recovery duties (OR = 1.94), and having disaster-affected family members (OR = 2.13) were significant risk factors for high post-traumatic stress response (PTSR). In M2, performing body-recovery duties (OR = 1.45) and having disaster-affected family members (OR = 2.60) were significant risk factors for high PTSR. Also, being woman (OR = 2.18) and having disaster-affected family members (OR = 1.68) were significant risk factors for high general psychological distress. For the physical examinations, the mean alanine transaminase in the dispatched group (31.73 ± 25.21) was significantly higher than that in the non-dispatched group (29.56 ± 21.03). These findings suggest that personnel involved in disaster relief experience psychological impacts in the subacute stage, but that these impacts attenuate one year after the event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Takeshita
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Toda
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Teppei Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Self-Defense Forces Yokosuka Hospital, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Minori Koga
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Aihide Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takehito Sawamura
- Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan; Medical Planning Office, Maritime Staff Office, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Hardiness and Coping Strategies as Mediators of Stress and Secondary Trauma in Emergency Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The work environment of emergency workers is an important factor related to stress. Coping with the COVID-19 emergency is a factor that is highly related to stress, and severe stress is a risk factor for developing secondary trauma. Coping and resilience can help rescue workers to better respond in emergency situations and could protect them from secondary trauma. We aimed to explore the relationship of emergency stress, hardiness, coping strategies, and secondary trauma among emergency workers and the mediating roles of coping strategies and hardiness on the effect of stress in producing secondary trauma. The study involved 513 emergency workers from the Red Cross Committee in Veneto, one of the Italian regions most affected by the COVID-19. Participants completed questionnaires online to measure emergency stress (physical, emotional, cognitive, organizational‒relational, COVID-19, and inefficacy decisional), hardiness, coping strategies, and secondary trauma. Other variables analyzed were age, gender, weekly hours of service, and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). We performed t-tests, a correlational analysis, regressions, and a mediation analysis. Hardiness and coping strategies, in particular, which stop unpleasant emotions and thoughts and problem-focused, emerged as mediators in reducing the predicted effect of stress on secondary trauma. The mediating effects of hardiness and coping strategies were found to reduce the effect of stress on arousal by 15% and the effect on avoidance by 25%.
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Vagni M, Maiorano T, Giostra V, Pajardi D. Coping With COVID-19: Emergency Stress, Secondary Trauma and Self-Efficacy in Healthcare and Emergency Workers in Italy. Front Psychol 2020; 11:566912. [PMID: 33013603 PMCID: PMC7494735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Coping with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a significant risk factor for the psychological distress of health workers. Hence, this study explores the relationship between coping strategies used by healthcare and emergency workers in Italy to manage the stress factors related to the COVID-19 emergency, which may result in the risk of developing secondary trauma. We study differences between healthcare (n = 121) and emergency workers (n = 89) in terms of their coping strategies, emergency stress, and secondary trauma, as well as the relationships of these differences to demographic variables and other stress factors (Instructions and Equipment). For this purpose, we collected data from participants through the following questionnaires online: Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale - Italian Version, The Coping Self-Efficacy Scale - Short Form, an original questionnaire on stressors, and the Emergency Stress Questionnaire (to assess organizational-relational, physical, decisional inefficacy, emotional, cognitive, and COVID-19 stress). We performed a t-test, correlational analysis, and hierarchical regression. The analyses reveal that compared with the emergency worker group, the health worker group has greater levels of emergency stress and arousal and is more willing to use problem-focused coping. Healthcare workers involved in the treatment of COVID-19 are exposed to a large degree of stress and could experience secondary trauma; hence, it is essential to plan prevention strategies for future pandemic situations. Moreover, individual efficacy in stopping negative emotions and thoughts could be a protective strategy against stress and secondary trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Vagni
- Department of Humanities, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Giostra
- Department of Humanities, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Daniela Pajardi
- Department of Humanities, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
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Nagamine M, Giltay EJ, Shigemura J, van der Wee NJ, Yamamoto T, Takahashi Y, Saito T, Tanichi M, Koga M, Toda H, Shimizu K, Yoshino A, Vermetten E. Assessment of Factors Associated With Long-term Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among 56 388 First Responders After the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2018339. [PMID: 32990742 PMCID: PMC7525349 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE First responders are at risk for developing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Little is known about the risk factors for developing PTSD during a years-long period after complex mass disasters. OBJECTIVE To explore the long-term course of PTSD symptoms and to identify risk factors and their relative association with PTSD among first responders dispatched to the 2011 Japanese earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear disaster. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This 6-year, large, prospective cohort study was part of a continuous longitudinal study of Japan Ground Self-Defense Force first responders. The data were collected at 1, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 months after mission completion from 2011 to 2017. Of approximately 70 000 eligible participants, 56 388 were enrolled in this study. Data were analyzed from 2017 to 2020. EXPOSURES Stress exposures owing to personal or professional disaster experience (eg, duties with body recovery or radiation exposure risk) and working conditions (eg, deployment length, postdeployment overtime work). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The Impact of Event Scale-Revised score assessed PTSD symptoms; scores of at least 25 were defined as probable PTSD. Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed the risk factors for incidence of probable PTSD. RESULTS Among the 56 388 participants, 97.1% were men, and the median age at enrollment was 34 (range, 18-63) years. A probable PTSD rate was 2.7% at 1 month and showed a downward trend in the first year and a subsequent plateau. The cumulative incidence of probable PTSD was 6.75%. The severity of PTSD symptoms demonstrated a high degree of rank-order stability over time. Rather than professional disaster experience, sociodemographic factors and working conditions were independently associated with the incidence of probable PTSD: personal experience of the disaster (hazard ratio [HR], 1.96; 95% CI, 1.72-2.24), deployment length of at least 3 months (HR vs <1 month, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.52-2.02), increased age (HR for ≥46 vs ≤25 years, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.79-2.92), and postdeployment overtime work of at least 3 months (HR vs little to none, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.39-1.87). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Given these findings, in the future, first responders' PTSD symptoms might be mitigated by shortening deployment length, avoiding postdeployment overtime work, and paying special attention to the needs of personnel with personal experience of the disaster or older age. Efforts to alleviate responders' initial symptoms will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nagamine
- Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa City, Japan
| | - Erik J. Giltay
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jun Shigemura
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nic J. van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Taisuke Yamamoto
- Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa City, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Takahashi
- Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa City, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tanichi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Minori Koga
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Toda
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kunio Shimizu
- Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa City, Japan
| | - Aihide Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eric Vermetten
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Center, Diemen, the Netherlands
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Sakuma A, Ueda I, Shoji W, Tomita H, Matsuoka H, Matsumoto K. Trajectories for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Local Disaster Recovery Workers Following the Great East Japan Earthquake: Group-based Trajectory Modeling. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:742-751. [PMID: 32664010 PMCID: PMC7261355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As many local municipality and medical workers were involved in disaster recovery duties following the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) on March 11, 2011, the aim of this work was to elucidate the distinct trajectories for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and associated factors among these personnel. They confronted a diverse range of stressors both as survivors and as relief workers; however, little is known about their longitudinal PTSD symptoms. METHODS The participants were 745 local municipality and hospital medical workers [average age: 43.6 ± 9.5 years, range: 20 - 66 years; 306 (59%) women] involved in disaster recovery duties following the GEJE. PTSD symptoms were measured using the Japanese version of the PTSD Checklist Specific Version (PCL-S) at four time points: 14, 30, 43, and 54 months after the GEJE. Using group-based trajectory modeling, distinct trajectories were elucidated. RESULTS We identified five distinct PTSD symptoms profiles: resistance (n = 467, 62.7%), subsyndromal (n = 181, 24.3%), recovery (n = 47, 6.3%), fluctuating (n = 26, 3.5%), and chronic (n = 24, 3.2%). The trajectories differed according to the post-disaster working conditions and personal disaster experiences. LIMITATIONS Potential selection bias resulting from the limited number of participants who completed all waves. The survey was conducted in one region of the disaster area. CONCLUSIONS The majority of participants remained stable, with a relatively small group classified as chronic and fluctuating. Our results highlight the importance of improved working conditions and sustained monitoring of workers responding to natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sakuma
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital; Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center.
| | - Ikki Ueda
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital,Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center
| | - Wataru Shoji
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Tohoku Gakuin University,Department of Preventive Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center,Department of Preventive Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine,Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroo Matsuoka
- Department of Preventive Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazunori Matsumoto
- Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center,Department of Preventive Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine,Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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The Usefulness of Brief Telephonic Intervention After a Nuclear Crisis: Long-Term Community-Based Support for Fukushima Evacuees. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 16:123-131. [PMID: 32815496 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident in 2011 produced over 100000 evacuees. In order to deal with an increased need of mental health care, brief, transdiagnostic Telephonic Interventions (TI) have been provided for those at risk of different mental health problems identified based on results of the Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey (MHLS). This study aimed to examine usefulness of TI with focusing on evacuees' subjective estimation assessed in individual follow-up interviews. The sample comprised 484 persons who had been evacuated from 13 municipalities in Fukushima Prefecture to 8 safer regions in and out of Fukushima. We conducted semi-structured interviews for participants receiving TI (intervention group) and those not receiving TI despite being identified as high risk (non-intervention group). The intervention group was older, had a higher proportion of self-reported mental illness, and higher unemployment compared with the non-intervention group. The satisfaction proportion of those who underwent TI was as high as 74.6%. Satisfaction was significantly associated with advance knowledge of TI availability (OR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.59-5.64), and advice on health-related practices (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.12-4.13). Thus, TI is considered to be feasible and useful for public health management practices in major disasters.
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Sugawara Y, Tomata Y, Sekiguchi T, Yabe Y, Hagiwara Y, Tsuji I. Social trust predicts sleep disorder at 6 years after the Great East Japan earthquake: data from a prospective cohort study. BMC Psychol 2020; 8:69. [PMID: 32611365 PMCID: PMC7329408 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-020-00436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The physical and psychological health impacts on victims of the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) have lasted for a long time. Some cross-sectional studies have reported a relationship between social networks and/or social support and mental health among victims. Previous studies were cross-sectional observations at one time point after a disaster, it remains unclear whether the lack of social trust soon after the GEJE predicts long-term mental health outcomes among the victims. The objective of the present study was to examine prospectively the association between social trust soon after the GEJE and trends in sleep disorders up to 6 years after the GEJE. Methods We conducted a health survey on residents living in two areas affected by the GEJE. We analyzed data from 1293 adults (aged ≥18 years) who had participated in an initial health survey. The participants responded to a self-administrated questionnaire composed of items on health condition, mental health, including sleep disorders (based on the Athens Insomnia Scale [AIS]), and social trust. We classified the participants into two categories (high or low) based on the level of social trust at the first health survey. A linear mixed model was used to estimate trends in AIS scores in relation to social trust at the first health survey. Results The AIS scores of participants in the low social trust group were significantly higher than those in the high social trust group throughout the 6 years after the GEJE (P < 0.01). After adjusting for some covariates, the AIS score estimate for the participants who had low social trust was 1.30 point higher than those for the participants who had high social trust. Conclusion Social trust at 3 to 5 months after the GEJE predicted AIS scores at 6 years after the GEJE among victims. This finding suggests that it may be possible to identify people who have a lower potential for mental resilience from disaster damage over the long term. Further, health interventions for this high-risk group could help promote resilience after a disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Sugawara
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Yasutake Tomata
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takuya Sekiguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
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Kwak K, Kim BK, Jang TW, Sim CS, Ahn YS, Choi KS, Jeong KS. Association between Shift Work and Neurocognitive Function among Firefighters in South Korea: A Prospective Before-After Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134647. [PMID: 32605225 PMCID: PMC7369884 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent research indicates that shift work is associated with neurocognitive function. However, studies that examine the association between shift work and neurocognitive function in firefighters have not yet been performed. We examined the effect of shift work on neurocognitive function in firefighters by measuring and comparing neurocognitive function before and after night shift. Methods: 352 firefighters from eight fire stations in South Korea were included in this study. We performed neurocognitive function test using central nervous system vital signs (CNSVS) during daytime work and on the next day after night work. We performed paired t-tests to assess differences between neurocognitive function before and after night work. We also compared neurocognitive function in insomnia and depression. We used a general linear model to analyze the associations between shiftwork schedule and the changes in neurocognitive function. Results: The neurocognitive function significantly decreased in six domains (composite memory, verbal memory, visual memory, complex attention, psychomotor speed, and motor speed) as did the neurocognitive index on the next day after night work compared with during day work. These decreased domains were the same following night work regardless of the type of shift work. Conclusion: Night work in firefighters may cause neurocognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongmin Kwak
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea;
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Bong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Daewoo Hospital, Geoje 53317, Korea
| | - Tae-Won Jang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Chang Sun Sim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea;
| | - Yeon-Soon Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea;
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Sook Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34824, Korea;
| | - Kyoung Sook Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju 26426, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-741-0630
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Abstract
Firefighting service is known to involve high rates of exposure to potentially traumatic situations, and research on mental health in firefighting populations is of critical importance in understanding the impact of occupational exposure. To date, the literature concerning prevalence of trauma-related mental disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has not distinguished between symptomology associated routine duty-related exposure and exposure to large-scale disaster. The present systematic review synthesizes a heterogeneous cross-national literature on large-scale disaster exposure in firefighters and provides support for the hypothesis that the prevalence of PTSD, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders are elevated in firefighters compared with rates observed in the general population. In addition, we conducted narrative synthesis concerning several commonly assessed predictive factors for disorder and found that sociodemographic factors appear to bear a weak relationship to mental disorder, while incident-related factors, such as severity and duration of disaster exposure, bear a stronger and more consistent relationship to the development of PTSD and depression in cross-national samples. Future work should expand on these preliminary findings to better understand the impact of disaster exposure in firefighting personnel.
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Lee JY, Kim SW, Kim JM. The Impact of Community Disaster Trauma: A Focus on Emerging Research of PTSD and Other Mental Health Outcomes. Chonnam Med J 2020; 56:99-107. [PMID: 32509556 PMCID: PMC7250671 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2020.56.2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews community residents' mental health following exposure to a community disaster trauma, with a focus on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health outcomes, such as emotional disorders, behavioral problems including addictive disorders, and personality as a maladaptive trait. This review concludes with recommendations to advance the field of community disaster research by exploring how natural and man-made disasters impact community residents across multiple domains. Moreover, this study suggests that residents impacted by community disaster trauma are frequently appropriate targets for mental health assessments or services in a community setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Lee W, Lee YR, Yoon JH, Lee HJ, Kang MY. Occupational post-traumatic stress disorder: an updated systematic review. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:768. [PMID: 32448255 PMCID: PMC7245752 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous studies on occupational post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been conducted prior to the 1950-2010 seminal systematic review by Skogstad et al., the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of this disorder following traumatic events in occupational settings remain unclear. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by reviewing the literature published after 2010. METHODS We reviewed literature from databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using PRISMA guidelines to identify studies that address occupational PTSD and examined the status (prevalence or incidence), the risk factors, and the health effects of PTSD among workers. RESULTS In total, 123 articles were identified, and finally, 31 (25.2%) articles were selected after excluding duplicates. Various occupational traumatic physical events were reported such as natural or manmade disaster, explosion, accident, handling refugee corpses, or bullying at work. Risk of PTSD was closely associated with working conditions, severity of injury, history of mental disorder, occurrence of psychiatric symptoms at the time of the event, personality, interpersonal relationships, etc. Workers with PTSD were likely to experience a deterioration of physical and psychological health and impairment of social and occupational functioning. CONCLUSIONS Our review suggests that many workers remain highly vulnerable to occupational PTSD and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhyung Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Ryoung Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ji Lee
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mo-Yeol Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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French Red Cross Volunteer Rescue Workers: Psychological Characteristics and Healthcare Support After the January 2015 Terrorist Attacks in Paris. J Nerv Ment Dis 2020; 208:413-417. [PMID: 31985563 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have explored the psychological consequences of terrorism on volunteer rescuers. We examined the psychological characteristics of volunteer rescuers after the January 2015 terrorist attacks in France. We analyzed the results of the IMPACTS study regarding the somatic, psychological, and social characteristics of the French Red Cross volunteer rescuers who intervened during these terrorist attacks. We used a standardized questionnaire during a face-to-face interview, 6 to 9 months after the attacks. Forty-one volunteers were included. Nine were presenting anxiety disorders, 11 were displaying recurrent depressive episodes, and five were displaying abusive alcohol consumption. Twenty-seven were provided with a debriefing after their intervention. Half of the most exposed volunteers had no contact with mental health professional 9 months after their intervention. A healthcare protocol, covering short-, medium-, and long-term care, should be systematically proposed to volunteer rescue workers to minimize the risk of chronic psychic posttraumatic disorders.
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Wakhid A, Hamid AYS. Family resilience minimizes post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang Y, Xu J, Lu Y. Associations among trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression symptoms in adolescent survivors of the 2013 Lushan earthquake. J Affect Disord 2020; 264:407-413. [PMID: 31791678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently occurs in survivors of natural disasters, while symptom of depression is related mostly to interpersonal trauma. These conditions are highly correlated and strongly impact adolescent quality of life. This study aimed to explore the relationship among trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and/or depression symptoms in adolescent survivors of the 2013 Lushan (China) earthquake. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 2921 adolescents in the Longmenshan seismic fault zone was conducted three years after the Lushan earthquake. Participants were evaluated using the Earthquake Experience Scale, the Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC), the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13), and the Depression Self-Rating Scale (KADS-6). Stepwise regression was used to explore relationships between trauma exposure and PTSD or depression symptoms. RESULTS There was a strong correlation between PTSD and depression symptoms, with a 10.7% comorbidity. Earthquake-related exposure, negative life events, prior exposure to the 2008 Wenchuan (China) earthquake, and being left behind by parents all contributed to PTSD and depressive symptoms. Earthquake exposures contributed mainly to PTSD symptoms, while interpersonal traumas contributed mainly to depression symptoms. CONCLUSION PTSD and depression symptoms strongly correlate in adolescent survivors of the 2013 Lushan earthquake. The high comorbidity between PTSD and depression symptoms may reflect shared risk factors. Natural disasters are more likely to cause PTSD symptoms, while interpersonal traumas are more likely to cause depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Business School, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China; Institute of Emergency Management and Reconstruction in Post-disaster, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Jiuping Xu
- Business School, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China; Institute of Emergency Management and Reconstruction in Post-disaster, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Yi Lu
- Business School, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China; Institute of Emergency Management and Reconstruction in Post-disaster, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
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Nagata K, Tateishi S, Mori K. A literature review of the health effects of workers responding to the Great East Japan Earthquake. ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1539/eohp.2020-0005-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Nagata
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Seiichiro Tateishi
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Koji Mori
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
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Ma IC, Chang WH, Wu CL, Lin CH. Risks of post-traumatic stress disorder among emergency medical technicians who responded to the 2016 Taiwan earthquake. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 119:1360-1371. [PMID: 31839523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored the field experiences and risk factors related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among disaster rescue workers. METHODS A 6.4-magnitude earthquake struck southern Taiwan on February 6, 2016. A standardized, paper-based, self-administered survey questionnaire including demographic information, field experiences and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) was conducted among emergency medical technicians (EMTs) one month after the earthquake. A multivariate regression model was used to analyze the associations between risk factors and the PCL. A two-sided p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The survey response rate was 86.1% (447/519). The respondents who exceeded the cut-off points for the re-experience, avoidance, or hyperarousal domains were 11.8%, 2.7%, or 4.7%, respectively. A proportion of 12.7% of respondents met partial PTSD. The personality characteristics of anxiety (p < 0.001), perfectionism (p = 0.023) and introvert tendency (p = 0.002) were significantly correlated with partial PTSD. Emergency medical services (EMS) were significantly associated with partial PTSD than other main tasks (p < 0.001). The prevalence of partial PTSD was higher but was not significantly different in the groups of lower educational level, longer EMT careers, earlier arrival date, fewer field working hours, or managing dead people. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that an anxious personality and EMS as the main task during the missions were significantly associated with PTSD risk. CONCLUSION Not only personality characteristics but also the task components could alter the PTSD risks in disasters. A broad realization of these risks may improve the mental outcomes of disaster rescuers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chun Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei Hung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Long Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Hsiao YY, Chang WH, Ma IC, Wu CL, Chen PS, Yang YK, Lin CH. Long-Term PTSD Risks in Emergency Medical Technicians Who Responded to the 2016 Taiwan Earthquake: A Six-Month Observational Follow-Up Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16244983. [PMID: 31817877 PMCID: PMC6950686 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although several factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in disaster rescue workers were identified in previous studies, the results were inconsistent. This study aimed to explore the prognostic factors of PTSD among disaster rescuers using different screening tools. A 6.4 magnitude earthquake struck southern Taiwan on February 6, 2016. Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) who responded to the earthquake were recruited. The initial survey was conducted one month after the earthquake using a standardized, self-reported, paper-based questionnaire. After six months, we re-evaluated the EMTs using the same questionnaire that was used in the baseline survey. A total of 38 EMT-paramedics were enrolled in the final analysis. Significant differences in PTSD scores at baseline existed between EMTs with and without certain risk factors. The interaction between survey time and risk factors was not significant, but several risk factors correlated with a nonsignificant improvement in the PTSD score after the 6-month follow-up. Perfectionism personality characteristics and several specific field experiences (managing injured patients, managing dead victims, managing dead victims who were pregnant, managing emotionally distraught families, or guilty feelings during the missions) might affect different subdomains of PTSD symptom improvement. Disaster rescuers should be followed up after their missions, regardless of their age, gender, or previous experience with disaster response. EMTs with certain personality characteristics or who are involved in specific field operations should be carefully monitored during and after disaster rescue missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ying Hsiao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Y.Y.H.); (W.H.C.); (P.S.C.); (Y.K.Y.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wei Hung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Y.Y.H.); (W.H.C.); (P.S.C.); (Y.K.Y.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - I Chun Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Long Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan;
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Y.Y.H.); (W.H.C.); (P.S.C.); (Y.K.Y.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Y.Y.H.); (W.H.C.); (P.S.C.); (Y.K.Y.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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Safety and Security in International Humanitarian Missions - Assessing the Stress Level of Responders in Critical Situations during a Realistic Full-Scale Training. Prehosp Disaster Med 2019; 34:575-579. [PMID: 31630694 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x19005016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Crises, wars, and disasters are remarkably increasing across the world. Responders are frequently tackled with an ever-greater number of challenges, and undoubtedly, they are physically and mentally affected during and after their missions, during which posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is considered high-risk. To the authors' knowledge, no studies have addressed which type of incident has the greatest influence to trigger stress, and consequently, to cause PTSD for the responders after their missions. METHODS A prospective longitudinal study was conducted with 69 participants of the "Safety and Security" course at the Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Aid of the Federal Ministry of Interior Affairs (Berlin, Germany). The course is certified by the Hostile Environment Awareness Training (HEAT) guidelines of Europe's New Training Initiative for Civilian Crisis Management (ENTRi; Center for International Peace Operations; Berlin, Germany). Four incidents were evaluated: hostage-taking, carjacking, evacuation, and border-crossing. The participants completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) before and after each incident. For each incident, the delta of the PANAS scores was calculated. The differences between the described incidents, as well as the differences between novice and experienced responders, were evaluated. RESULTS The hostage-taking incident had the greatest influence on the participants' temper, followed by carjacking and evacuation. Ultimately, the border-crossing event had the least effect on the responders. Novices were more affected by hostage-taking than experienced responders; however, no significant difference had been demonstrated between novices and experienced responders for the other evaluated incidents. CONCLUSION Different incidents have big psychological impacts on humanitarian responders, in which consequences vary from short-term effects to PTSD. Therefore, humanitarian responders should be selected very carefully. They should also have more specific preparation for their missions. Mental after-care should be obligatory. Further studies are needed to understand and avoid reasons for the development of PTSD or other potential problems of responders.
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A Systematic Review of the Impact of Disaster on the Mental Health of Medical Responders. Prehosp Disaster Med 2019; 34:632-643. [PMID: 31625487 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x19004874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical responders are at-risk of experiencing a wide range of negative psychological health conditions following a disaster. AIM Published literature was reviewed on the adverse psychological health outcomes in medical responders to various disasters and mass casualties in order to: (1) assess the psychological impact of disasters on medical responders; and (2) identify the possible risk factors associated with psychological impacts on medical responders. METHODS A literature search of PubMed, Discovery Service, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases for studies on the prevalence/risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental disorders in medical responders of disasters and mass casualties was carried out using pre-determined keywords. Two reviewers screened the 3,545 abstracts and 28 full-length articles which were included for final review. RESULTS Depression and PTSD were the most studied outcomes in medical responders. Nurses reported higher levels of adverse outcomes than physicians. Lack of social support and communication, maladaptive coping, and lack of training were important risk factors for developing negative psychological outcomes across all types of disasters. CONCLUSIONS Disasters have significant adverse effects on the mental well-being of medical responders. The prevalence rates and presumptive risk factors varied among three different types of disasters. There are certain high-risk, vulnerable groups among medical responders, as well as certain risk factors for adverse psychological outcomes. Adapting preventive measures and mitigation strategies aimed at high-risk groups would be beneficial in decreasing negative outcomes.
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50
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Corpuz HMT, Sabordo LSV, Allanic NDE, Bulan PMP. The psychological well-being of emergency response personnel in the province of Cebu. WORLD FEDERATION OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS BULLETIN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14473828.2019.1649350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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