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Zhang C, Zhu L, Liang X, Li Y, Sun G, Hu J, Zhang H. Corneal characteristics of Mongolian population with type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy in inner Mongolia, China: an assessment using corneal confocal microscopy. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:460. [PMID: 37968622 PMCID: PMC10652475 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify corneal nerve fiber parameters in a Mongolian population with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) by corneal confocal microscopy. METHODS This study conducted a comprehensive evaluation of 114 participants from Hulunbuir between January 2020 and December 2021. The participants included healthy controls, Mongolian and Han patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Demographic, medical, and laboratory data were collected, and neuropathy was evaluated by confocal corneal microscopy. And compare various parameters between Han and Mongolian were performed using SPSS software. RESULTS The average waist circumference of Mongolian diabetic patients was larger than that of Han diabetic patients (P < 0.05). The mean HbA1c of Mongolian was 9.30 (8.15, 10.30) %, and that of Han was 8.30 (7.20, 9.40) % (P = 0.023). The average values of Corneal Nerve Fiber Density (CNFD), Corneal Nerve Fiber Length (CNFL) and corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) in Mongolian diabetic patients were significantly lower than those in Han diabetic patients (P < 0.05). The correlation coefficient between CNFL and age was - 0.368. ROC results show that CNBD has a certain diagnostic value for DPN in Mongolian patients with type 2 diabetes and the optimal cut-off point value is 24.99(no./mm2), the sensitivity is 80.0%, and the specificity is 77.8%. CONCLUSION The corneal confocal microscopy could possibly represent a promising adjuvant technique for the early diagnosis and assessment of PDN in Mongolian T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San-Xiang Road, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hulunbeir People's Hospital, Hulunbuir, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hulunbeir People's Hospital, Hulunbuir, China
| | - Xiuwen Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Hulunbuir Zhong Meng Hospital, Hulunbuir, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hulunbeir People's Hospital, Hulunbuir, China
| | - Guotong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shouguang Hospital of T.C.M, Weifang, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San-Xiang Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Honghong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San-Xiang Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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Zheng H, Wang Y, Yang B, Wu J, Qian Y, Wang W, Wang X. Interaction of Dietary Sodium-to-potassium Ratio and Dinner Energy Ratio on Prevalence of Hypertension in Inner Mongolia, China. J Epidemiol 2023; 33:547-555. [PMID: 35934788 PMCID: PMC10518379 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases, and dietary factors play an important role in hypertension. We examined the interaction of dietary sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio and dinner energy ratio on hypertension. METHODS We conducted this study using data from the cross-sectional National Survey for Nutrition and Adult Chronic Disease in 2015 in Inner Mongolia, China. Dietary data were collected using 24-hour diet records with food weights across 3 consecutive days. Logistic regression was used to determine the interaction of dinner energy ratio and dietary Na/K ratio on hypertension. RESULTS A total of 1,861 participants were included in this study, and 914 individuals were hypertensive (49.1%). Dinner energy ratio and high dietary Na/K ratio were independently related to high prevalence of hypertension. A formal test showed that dinner energy ratio interacted significantly with dietary Na/K ratio on hypertension (P < 0.001), with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.119 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.040-1.203). Participants whose dinner energy ratio greater than 39.1% and dietary Na/K ratio of 3.625-6.053 had the highest OR of hypertension prevalence, with an adjusted OR of 2.984 (95% CI, 1.758-5.066), compared with participants with dinner energy ratio of 30.2-39.1%, and dietary Na/K ratio less than 2.348. CONCLUSION Our study highlighted the interactive effect of dinner energy ratio and dietary Na/K ratio on hypertension among adults in Inner Mongolia. We advocated a balanced diet (dinner energy ratio not small or large) and a low dietary Na/K ratio for reducing the prevalence of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiu Zheng
- Center for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Center for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- National Institute for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yonggang Qian
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Center for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Vo HK, Nguyen DV, Vu TT, Tran HB, Nguyen HTT. Prevalence and risk factors of prehypertension/hypertension among freshman students from the Vietnam National University: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1166. [PMID: 37328903 PMCID: PMC10276403 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prehypertension (PHT) and hypertension (HTN) in young adults are essential risk factors for other cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in later years of life. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the burden and risk factors of PHT/HTN for Vietnamese youth. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of PHT/HTN and risk factors among university students in Hanoi, Vietnam. METHODS This study was designed as a cross-sectional investigation with 840 students (394 males and 446 females) randomly sampled from freshmen of Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU). Socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle data were collected using questionnaire forms and physical measurements. HTN was defined as blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140/90 mmHg and/or current treatment with antihypertensive medications. PHT was defined as a systolic BP from 120 to 139 mmHg and/or a diastolic BP from 80 to 89 mmHg. Body mass index (BMI) was classified according to the WHO diagnostic criteria for Asian adults: normal weight (BMI 18.5-22.9 kg/m2), underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 23-24.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Bivariable and multivariable log-binomial regression analyses were conducted to explore the association of PHT/HTN with different risk factors. RESULTS The overall prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 33.5% [95% CI: 30.3-36.8%] (54.1% in men and 15.3% in women) and 1.4% [95% CI: 0.7-2.5%] (2.5% in men and 0.5% in women), respectively. Regarding CVD major risk factors, 119 (14.2%) were identified as overweight/obese, 461 (54.9%) were physical inactivity, 29.4% of men and 8.1% of women reported consuming alcohol. The multivariable analysis indicated the male sex (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 3.07; 95% CI: 2.32-4.06), alcohol consumption (aPR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.03-1.59) and obesity (aPR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.08-1.68) as the independent risk factors for PHT/HTN. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed the high burden of prehypertension and hypertension among university freshmen in VNU. Male sex, alcohol consumption, and obesity were identified as important risk factors for PHT/HTN. Our study suggests an early screening program for PHT/HTN and campaigns to promote a healthy lifestyle for young adults in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Khoi Vo
- Neurology Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Neurology, VNU-University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dung Viet Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, VNU-University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National Heart Institute, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Thom Thi Vu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, VNU-University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hieu Ba Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, VNU-University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam National Heart Institute, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoai Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, VNU-University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National Heart Institute, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Jiang K, He T, Ji Y, Zhu T, Jiang E. The perspective of hypertension and salt intake in Chinese population. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1125608. [PMID: 36875386 PMCID: PMC9981806 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1125608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt intake is too high nowadays. It has been widely recognized that there is a close relationship between hypertension (HTN) and dietary salt intake. Investigations reveal that long-term high salt intake, mainly sodium intake, induces a relevant increase in blood pressure in hypertensive and normotensive individuals. According to most scientific evidence, a diet with high salt intake in public increases cardiovascular risk, salted-related HTN, and other HTN-associated outcomes. Given the clinical importance, this review aims to present the prevalence of HTN and trends in salt intake in the Chinese population and will comprehensively discuss the risk factors, causes, and mechanisms of the association between salt intake and HTN. The review also highlights the education of Chinese people regarding salt intake and the cost-effectiveness of salt reduction from a global perspective. Finally, the review will emphasize the need to customize the unique Chinese practices to reduce salt intake and how awareness changes people's eating lifestyle and helps adopt diet salt reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Jiang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tingting He
- Department of Basic Nursing, Henan Technical Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongzhi Ji
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Kaifeng Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Enshe Jiang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Scientific Research, Scope Research Institute of Electrophysiology, Kaifeng, China
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Rehman S, Rehman E, Mumtaz A, Jianglin Z. Cardiovascular Disease Mortality and Potential Risk Factor in China: A Multi-Dimensional Assessment by a Grey Relational Approach. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604599. [PMID: 35574277 PMCID: PMC9101313 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the impact of hypertension, diabetes, and high blood cholesterol on increased mortality from cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and pulmonary heart disease in a multi-dimensional way. Methods: The grey relational analysis methodology is adopted to assess the connection between cardiac risk factors and related mortality. The Hurwicz and the Conservative (Min-Max) criterion approach are also utilized to identify the prospective risk factor that contributes the most to increased cardiac mortality. Results: The findings reveal that hypertension has a more grounded relationship with stroke and pulmonary heart disease mortality, whereas high blood cholesterol appears to be the leading contributor to deaths from coronary heart disease. The results based on the Hurwicz and the Min-Max criterion show a robust connection between dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease mortality. Conclusion: Combating uncontrolled blood cholesterol and blood pressure levels would necessitate a multi-pronged strategy at both the national and local levels. Besides, the suggested methodologies provide a valuable tool and additional practical knowledge for public health policymakers and decision-makers in drawing rational decisions to combat China's rising CVD burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Rehman
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The first Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Erum Rehman
- School of Economics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China
| | - Ayesha Mumtaz
- School of Public Administration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Jianglin
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The first Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, Shenzhen, China
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Wang X, Carcel C, Woodward M, Schutte AE. Blood Pressure and Stroke: A Review of Sex- and Ethnic/Racial-Specific Attributes to the Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management of Raised Blood Pressure. Stroke 2022; 53:1114-1133. [PMID: 35344416 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.035852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Raised blood pressure (BP) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and its particular strong association with stroke is well established. Although systolic BP increases with age in both sexes, raised BP is more prevalent in males in early adulthood, overtaken by females at middle age, consistently across all ethnicities/races. However, there are clear regional differences on when females overtake males. Higher BP among males is observed until the seventh decade of life in high-income countries, compared with almost 3 decades earlier in low- and middle-income countries. Females and males tend to have different cardiovascular disease risk profiles, and many lifestyles also influence BP and cardiovascular disease in a sex-specific manner. Although no hypertension guidelines distinguish between sexes in BP thresholds to define or treat hypertension, observational evidence suggests that in terms of stroke risk, females would benefit from lower BP thresholds to the magnitude of 10 to 20 mm Hg. More randomized evidence is needed to determine if females have greater cardiovascular benefits from lowering BP and whether optimal BP is lower in females. Since 1990, the number of people with hypertension worldwide has doubled, with most of the increase occurring in low- and-middle-income countries where the greatest population growth was also seen. Sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania, and South Asia have the lowest detection, treatment, and control rates. High BP has a more significant effect on the burden of stroke among Black and Asian individuals than Whites, possibly attributable to differences in lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and health system resources. Although pharmacological therapy is recommended differently in local guidelines, recommendations on lifestyle modification are often very similar (salt restriction, increased potassium intake, reducing weight and alcohol, smoking cessation). This overall enhanced understanding of the sex- and ethnic/racial-specific attributes to BP motivates further scientific discovery to develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies to prevent stroke in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- The George Institute for Global Health (X.W., C.C., M.W., A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cheryl Carcel
- The George Institute for Global Health (X.W., C.C., M.W., A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C.)
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health (X.W., C.C., M.W., A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.W.)
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- The George Institute for Global Health (X.W., C.C., M.W., A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Hypertension in Africa Research Team, Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (A.E.S.)
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Xi Y, Tian Q, Na B, Han K, Duan M, Zhang X, Wang W, Wang Y. Protocol of the Inner Mongolian Healthy Aging Study (IMAGINS): a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:115. [PMID: 35039022 PMCID: PMC8762848 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of premature mortality and burden of diseases in the world. The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is located in northern China, constitute 17.66% individuals with Mongolian, which have unique diet and lifestyles. Therefore, the Inner Mongolian Healthy Aging Study (IMAGINS) was designed to explore risk factors for chronic diseases and evaluate the effectiveness of health management on CVDs in population at high-risk. METHODS The IMAGINS is an ongoing and prospective cohort study of men and women aged ≥35 years from Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, northern China. This study performed in investigating risk factors for CVDs, screening and providing health management strategy for high-risk population of CVDs. The IMAGINS began in September 2015 and scheduled to recruiting and follow-up outcome until 2030. For general population, a long-term follow-up will be conducted every 5 years to collect the information above and data on clinical outcomes. For high-risk population, comprehensive health managements were performed and scheduled to follow-up annually. All IMAGINS participants are followed for incident CVDs and death. DISCUSSION The IMAGINS is designed to increase understanding how cardiovascular-related risk factors contribute to the development of CVDs and the positive effect of health management strategy for high-risk CVD participants. Key features of this study include (i) a carefully characterized cohort between high risk of CVDs and non-high risk population; (ii) detailed measurement of CVDs risk factors and health management strategies for high risk population; (iii) long-term follow-up of CVDs and death. The IMAGINS represents a good research opportunity to investigate clinical and genetic factors in high-risk population, might providing basis for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xi
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Qiuyue Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 YouanmenXitoutiao, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Buqi Na
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Ke Han
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Mingrui Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 YouanmenXitoutiao, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xingguang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 YouanmenXitoutiao, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Xu X, Bao H, Tian Z, Zhu H, Zhu L, Niu L, Yan T, Dong H, Fang X, Zhang X. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:525. [PMID: 34736420 PMCID: PMC8567672 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension has always been a worldwide health concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension among adult residents of northern China, where people usually have a high-fat, high-salt diet and heavy alcohol consumption. Methods Through the Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention Project for High Risk Groups of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Inner Mongolia of northern China, we collected data of 70,380 residents, from September 2015 to June 2017. We assessed the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the total population and sub-populations. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with the prevalence and control of hypertension. Results Among participants, only 13.4% had optimal blood pressure levels. About 55.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 55.3–56.1%) of the participants had hypertension. In addition, the awareness, treatment, control and control under-treatment rate of hypertension were 52.8% (95%CI = 52.3–53.3%), 43.3% (95%CI = 42.8–43.8%), 8.6% (95%CI = 8.3–8.9%) and 19.8% (95%CI = 19.2–20.4%), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed that older, male, Han, living in rural areas, current drinker, not married, lower educational level, lower annual income, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia were more likely to be suffered from hypertension (P < 0.05). Controlled hypertension was less common in those younger, Mongol, not married, farmer, current drinker, lower educational level, obesity, diabetes, without prior CHD, and without prior CVD (P < 0.05). Conclusion Among populations aged 35–75 years in Northern China, more than half have hypertension, fewer than one-tenth have successfully controlled hypertension, and fewer than one-fifth of hypertension patients receiving treatment have controlled hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Xu
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Bao
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Tian
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhu
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Lige Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Niu
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yan
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fang
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingguang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Nephrology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
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Astutik E, Farapti F, Tama TD, Puspikawati SI. Differences Risk Factors for Hypertension Among Elderly Woman in Rural and Urban Indonesia. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 94:407-415. [PMID: 34602880 PMCID: PMC8461578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A high prevalence of hypertension is found in elderly women. Rural areas have different characteristics from urban areas. Therefore, it is necessary to identify risk factors for hypertension in rural and urban elderly women for optimal therapy management. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in rural (Banyuwangi district) and urban (Surabaya city) areas, East Java, Indonesia. The study was carried out in 2015-2016 in women aged ≥45 years, residing in an area for ≥10 years, and willing to collect urine for 24 hours. Respondents consisted of 54 older adults from rural areas and 51 older adults from urban areas who actively participate in the integrated healthcare center for the elderly. The independent t-test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The prevalence of hypertension in the rural area was 27.8% and in the urban area was 37.25%. The risk factors for hypertension in the urban area were urine sodium level (AOR=1.02, 95% CI=1.001-1.04, p-value=0.043), urine potassium level (AOR=0.88, 95% CI=0.78-0.999, p-value=0.022), and Body Mass Index (AOR=1.26, 95% CI=1.06-1.49, p-value=0.008). Meanwhile, the factor associated with hypertension in the rural area was age (AOR=1.08, 95% CI=1.003-1.16, p-value=0.042). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in the urban area was higher than in the rural area. There were differences in risk factors for hypertension that occurred both in rural and urban areas. However, risk factors in both areas are equally important to overcome. Collaboration from multiple stakeholders and sectors is urgently needed, such as the Public Health Center, Integrated Assistance Post for Non-Communicable Diseases, and the local health office.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erni Astutik
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population
Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga,
Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia,To whom all correspondence should be addressed:
Erni Astutik, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and
Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo
Kampus C, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, 60115; Tel: +6231-5920948, Fax:
+6231-5924618; ; ORCID iD:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2934-1290
| | - Farapti Farapti
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health,
Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Tika D. Tama
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sport Science,
Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Septa I. Puspikawati
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health,
Universitas Airlangga, Banyuwangi Campus, Banyuwangi, East Java Indonesia
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Zaki NAM, Ambak R, Othman F, Wong NI, Man CS, Morad MFA, He FJ, MacGregor G, Palaniveloo L, Baharudin A. The prevalence of hypertension among Malaysian adults and its associated risk factors: data from Malaysian Community Salt Study (MyCoSS). JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2021; 40:8. [PMID: 34059165 PMCID: PMC8166007 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-021-00237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is one of the most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease and leading cause of mortality globally. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among Malaysian population using data from the Malaysian Community Salt Study (MyCoSS). METHODS This study was a cross-sectional study using multi-stage stratified sampling method. Data collection was carried out via face-to-face interview at the respondent's home from October 2017 until March 2018. A total of 1047 respondents aged 18 years and above completed the questionnaires and blood pressure measurement. A person who reported diagnosis of hypertension by a physician and had systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg on three readings was categorised as hypertensive. Risk factors of hypertension were analysed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension in the present study was 49.39% (95% CI 44.27-54.51). There was no statistically significant difference in gender. Age, household income, BMI, and diabetes were significantly associated with hypertension. Hypertension found had inverse association with the level of education. Age was the strongest predictor of hypertension (35-44 years old; OR=2.39, 95% CI=1.39-4.09, 45-54 years old; OR=5.50, 95% CI=3.23-9.38, 55-64 years old OR=13.56, 95% CI=7.77-23.64 and 65 years old and above; OR=25.28, 95% CI=13.33-48.66). Those who had higher BMI more likely to be hypertensive as compared to respondents with normal weight (overweight, OR=1.84; 95% CI=1.18-2.86; obese, OR=4.29% CI=2.56-7.29). CONCLUSION The findings showed that hypertension is prevalent among adults in Malaysia. Those with older age, higher BMI, and diabetes are more likely to have hypertension. Efforts regarding lifestyle modification and education could be important in hypertension management and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rashidah Ambak
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Othman
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Norazizah Ibrahim Wong
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Cheong Siew Man
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Faizul Azham Morad
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Feng J. He
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Graham MacGregor
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lalitha Palaniveloo
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Azli Baharudin
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
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11
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Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, Xue M, Qian Y, Wang W, Wang X. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:135. [PMID: 33622268 PMCID: PMC7903677 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a worldwide public health problem. We sought to examine the interactive associations among sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among older adult residents of Inner Mongolia in northern China. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the National Survey for Nutrition and Adult Chronic Disease in Inner Mongolia. The prevalence of hypertension was age standardized by the direct method. Sodium intake and alcohol consumption were estimated using a weighing method and 24-h recalls on 3 consecutive days. Hypertension was either self-reported or field-measured. Participants were categorized into six subgroups according to combinations of sodium intake status and drinking level. Logistic regression was used to determine the interactive effect of sodium intake and drinking on hypertension. Results Of the 820 older adults who participated in this study, 523 (63.80%, age-standardized rate = 62.33%) had been diagnosed with hypertension. The mean sodium intake was 4.88 g. Sodium intake and drinking excessively were both independently related to higher risk of hypertension. A formal test for a multiplicative interaction between sodium intake and drinking revealed a significant interaction (p = 0.042), and the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for the interaction was 1.1 (1.0–1.3). After adjusting for confounders, compared with moderate sodium intake and no drinking group, the risk of hypertension was highest among those with both excessive sodium intake and excessive alcohol consumption, with an odds ratio of 3.6 (95% CI: 1.7–7.9). Conclusions The study highlights the interactive effect of sodium intake and alcohol consumption on hypertension. Primary health care providers should pay special attention to older adults with hypertension—especially those with an unhealthy diet including both excessive sodium and excessive alcohol intake. These findings are applicable for older adults in Inner Mongolia and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Nan
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development District, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Haiwen Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Jing Wu
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mingming Xue
- School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Yonggang Qian
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, 010031, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, 010031, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development District, Hohhot, 010110, China.
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12
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Zhang Y, Yang H, Ren M, Wang R, Zhao F, Liu T, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Cong H. Distribution of risk factors of hypertension patients in different age groups in Tianjin. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:247. [PMID: 33514347 PMCID: PMC7846994 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To analyze the risk factors for hypertension in different age groups of urban and rural residents in Tianjin. Methods A total of 33,997 people (35–75 years old) from 13 community health service centers and primary hospitals in Tianjin participated in this study. They were divided into the youth group (≤ 40 years old), middle-aged group (41–65 years old), and elderly group (> 65 years old). Then, a questionnaire survey was administered, followed by physical and blood biochemical examinations. The demographic characteristics and prevalence were recorded and counted. Subsequently, risk factors were analyzed using univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results In the youth, middle-aged, and elderly groups, the prevalence rate of hypertension was 18.65, 51.80, and 76.61%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that obesity(OR: 3.263, 95% CI: 1.039–1.656), men (OR: 2.117, 95% CI: 1.691–2.651), diabetes (OR: 1.978, 95% CI: 1.398–2.799), high triglycerides(OR 1.968 95% CI: 1.590–2.434) and family history of stroke (OR: 1.936, 95% CI: 1.287–2.911) are the five factors in youth. In middle-aged group, the significantly associating factors were obesity (OR: 2.478, 95% CI: 2.330–2.636), diabetes (OR: 2.173, 95% CI: 1.398–2.799), family history of stroke (OR: 1.808, 95% CI: 1.619–2.020), maleness (OR: 1.507, 95% CI: 1.412–1.609),Hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.490 95% CI: 1.409–1.577),family history of cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.484, 95% CI: 1.307–1.684),Hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.228 95% CI: 1.160–1.299). In the elderly group, obesity (OR: 2.104, 95% CI: 1.830–2.418), family history of strokes (OR: 1.688, 95% CI: 1.243–2.292), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.544, 95% CI: 1.345–1.773), family history of cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.470, 95% CI: 1.061–2.036), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.348, 95% CI: 1.192–1.524) increased the risk for hypertension. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) increased with age, and the value of these two measures for predicting hypertension was better than BMI in middle-aged group. Conclusion Obesity is the most important risk factor for hypertension in all age groups. Diabetes, family history of strokes and high triglyceride were also significant risk factors for all age groups. There was a gender difference between the young and middle-aged groups, with men more likely to hypertension. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were better predictors of hypertension than BMI in middle-aged group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261 of Taierzhuang South Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261 of Taierzhuang South Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Min Ren
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Ruiying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261 of Taierzhuang South Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Fumei Zhao
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261 of Taierzhuang South Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Hongliang Cong
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No. 261 of Taierzhuang South Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, China.
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Xi Y, Niu L, Cao N, Bao H, Xu X, Zhu H, Yan T, Zhang N, Qiao L, Han K, Hang G, Wang W, Zhang X. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among adults aged ≥35 years in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1068. [PMID: 32631296 PMCID: PMC7339536 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence has increased continuously over the last 30 years in China. Dyslipidemia is an important modifiable risk factor in CVD. We aimed to collect current data on the prevalence of dyslipidemia in northern China and explore potential influencing factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we selected a representative sample of 65,128 participants aged ≥35 years in Inner Mongolia during 2015–2017. All participants completed a questionnaire and were examined for risk factors. Dyslipidemia was defined according to 2016 Chinese guidelines for adults. The associated factors for dyslipidemia were estimated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The age-standardized prevalence of dyslipidemia was 31.2% overall, with 4.3, 2.4, 14.7, and 17.4% for high total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), respectively. The dyslipidemia prevalence was significantly higher in men than women (37.9% vs. 27.5%, P < 0.001), but postmenopausal women had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia components (except low HDL-C). Compared with Han participants, Mongol participants had a lower prevalence of dyslipidemia (29.1% vs. 31.4%, P < 0.001). Male sex, living in urban areas, Han ethnicity, smoking, obesity, central obesity, hypertension, and diabetes were all positively correlated with dyslipidemia; alcohol consumption was linked to lower risk of dyslipidemia. Conclusions Our study revealed that dyslipidemia is a health problem in northern China. Greater efforts to prevent and manage dyslipidemia, especially in men under age 55 years, postmenopausal women, and people with unhealthy lifestyles or chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xi
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Ordos street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, 010000, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Niu
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Ning Cao
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Han Bao
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Xu
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Tao Yan
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Liying Qiao
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Ordos street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, 010000, P.R. China
| | - Ke Han
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Ordos street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, 010000, P.R. China
| | - Gai Hang
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Ordos street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, 010000, P.R. China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Ordos street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, 010000, P.R. China
| | - Xingguang Zhang
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China.
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14
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Zhu H, Xi Y, Bao H, Xu X, Niu L, Tao Y, Cao N, Wang W, Zhang X. Assessment of cardiovascular disease risk in Northern China: a cross-sectional study. Ann Hum Biol 2020; 47:498-503. [PMID: 32618477 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2020.1779814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a life-threatening chronic illness. CVD risk may be influenced by environment and lifestyle. People in northern China usually consume high-fat, high-salt diets and alcohol and live in a cold climate over long periods. However, there are limited studies on CVD risk among people in northern China. In the present study, we sought to estimate the CVD risk profile among residents of northern China. Using the Programme of Screening and Intervention Subjects with High Risk Cardiovascular Diseases, we collected data from residents in six cities from September 2015 to June 2017. In total, 56,716 participants aged 40 years and above were finally included in the CVD risk assessment. To assess the 10-year risk of CVD among participants, we used World Health Organisation/International Society of Hypertension risk prediction charts. Among the study participants, 22.7% had a high 10-year risk of CVD. We identified differences in the 10-year CVD risk according to sex, socioeconomic status, and marital status. We conclude that individuals with high socioeconomic status should be encouraged to change their lifestyle habits, and greater medical resources should be invested for individuals residing in rural areas and those with low education levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yunfeng Xi
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Han Bao
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoqian Xu
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Liwei Niu
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ning Cao
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Xingguang Zhang
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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15
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He H, Pan L, Cui Z, Sun J, Yu C, Cao Y, Wang Y, Shan G. Smoking Prevalence, Patterns, and Cessation Among Adults in Hebei Province, Central China: Implications From China National Health Survey (CNHS). Front Public Health 2020; 8:177. [PMID: 32596196 PMCID: PMC7300263 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the China National Health Survey, the objective of this study was to explore the prevalence, patterns, and influencing factors of smoking, and understand reasons for smoking cessation among adults in Hebei Province, central China. Using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, 6,552 adults (2,594 males) aged 20–80 were selected in 2017. Demographic, socioeconomic, and tobacco use information were collected by questionnaire interview. The prevalence of ever-smoking, current smoking, and ex-smoking was 28.94, 21.08, and 7.86%, respectively. Male participants had a much higher prevalence of ever-smoking and current smoking (67.39 and 48.77%) than females (3.74 and 2.93%). In male participants, the daily cigarette consumption was 16.61, and the mean age of smoking initiation was 20.95, decreasing with birth year (27.50 in people born before 1946 vs. 17.9 for those born after 1985, p for trend < 0.001). Over 40% of male ever-smokers initiated regular smoking before 20. Compared with never drinking, the ORs (95% CI) of ever-smoking for low, moderate, and high alcohol consumption in male participants were 1.44 (1.11–1.86), 2.80 (1.91–4.11), and 2.40 (1.72–3.33), respectively. Among 479 male ex-smokers, 50.94% stopped smoking because of illness and 49.06% by choice. Among male ex-smokers, hypertensive men were more likely to quit smoking than the normotensive individuals (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.13–1.96). For CVD patients, this effect was estimated as 2.27 (95% CI: 1.56–3.30). This study revealed a high prevalence of ever-smoking, especially in men, in a representative population in central China. Health education focus on tobacco control could be integrated with alcohol consumption reduction to achieve additional benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - Ze Cui
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jixin Sun
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chengdong Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Cao
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
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16
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Wang S, Geater AF, Duan S, Wang X, Zhang H, Zhao L. Alcohol Advertisements, Hazard Warnings, Knowledge of Alcohol-Related Harm and Health-Profession Students' Drinking in Inner Mongolia. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:954-963. [PMID: 32009488 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1716013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Consumption of alcohol among adults in Inner Mongolia is high even among health professionals. Little is known of the alcohol consumption patterns of health-profession students. Objectives: To assess the association of knowledge of alcohol-related harm (KAH), and exposure to media-based promotional alcohol sales advertisements (PASA) and alcohol hazard warnings (AHW) with drinking frequency of health-profession university students. Methods: Health-profession students (N = 1277) in the Medical University of Inner Mongolia were interviewed in 2017 regarding their alcohol drinking frequency, KAH, and exposure to PASA and AHW. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between exposure and drinking frequency. Results: Overall, 9% were nondrinkers, 35% occasional drinkers, and 56% frequent drinkers. Females were slightly less commonly drinkers but more commonly frequent drinkers. The prevalence of drinking decreased with age. Mongolians were more commonly frequent drinkers than Han. A majority of students had low KAH. Exposure to PASA was more common among drinkers, and exposure to AHW more common among nondrinkers. The main reason for drinking was social gathering. The relative probability of being an occasional or frequent drinker was lower among older students, those with higher KAH, and those exposed to AHW on television and internet but higher among those exposed to PASA in mini-supermarkets on campus. Conclusions: Students' drinking behavior was associated with low KAH and exposure to alcohol advertisements and warning media messages. Prevalence of frequent drinking might be reduced by wider use of AHW on internet and television and improving the level of knowledge of alcohol-related harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Wang
- Faculty of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Thailand
| | - Alan F Geater
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Thailand
| | - Shengyun Duan
- Faculty of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Faculty of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lingyan Zhao
- Faculty of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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17
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He H, Pan L, Liu F, Ma J, Wang L, Hu Z, Li Y, Shan G. Neck circumference as an indicator of elevated blood pressure independent from body composition: implications from the China nation health survey (CNHS). BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:244. [PMID: 31694566 PMCID: PMC6833177 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The independent association of neck circumference (NC) on elevated blood pressure is still uncertain in adults of China. The aim of this study is to explore such association and investigate the predictive value of NC on hypertension. Methods A total of 4279 adults aged 20–80 years participated in the cross-sectional study in 2014. Anthropometric information, NC, body composition indexes such as waist circumference, hip circumference and body fat percentage, and blood pressure were measured. General linear regression model was used to explore the association between NC and blood pressure; Logistic regression models were fitted to calculate the multi-variable adjusted prevalence, and the association of NC with hypertension. Results The overall prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension were 11.05 and 23.63%, respectively. NC was positively associated with both SBP and DBP (p < 0.001). The adjusted prevalence of hypertension increased with elevated NC quartiles in both sexes (p for trend < 0.001), from 17.81 to 42.93% in male and 9.72 to 21.31% in female. For male, NC was only associated with hypertension (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05–1.25) but not with pre-hypertension (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.88–1.06). However, in female, NC was associated with both pre-hypertension and hypertension, the BMI adjusted ORs were 1.15 (1.03–1.28) and 1.24 (1.14–1.34). The sex-specific AUCs for NC predicting hypertension were 0.633 in male and 0.663 in female, similar with AUCs of other body fat indexes. Conclusions NC was associated with both pre-HTN and HTN independent from other body composition indexes. NC is a simple and useful anthropometric index to identify elevated blood pressure in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical, Beijing, 100005, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical, Beijing, 100005, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jingang Ma
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical, Beijing, 100005, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical, Beijing, 100005, China. .,Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Diet quality is associated with reduced risk of hypertension among Inner Mongolia adults in northern China. Public Health Nutr 2019; 23:1543-1554. [PMID: 31685051 PMCID: PMC7196733 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001900301x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the association between dietary patterns and hypertension applying the Chinese Dietary Balance Index-07 (DBI-07). DESIGN A cross-sectional study on adult nutrition and chronic disease in Inner Mongolia. Dietary data were collected using 24 h recall over three consecutive days and weighing method. Dietary patterns were identified using principal components analysis. Generalized linear models and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between DBI-07 and dietary patterns, and between dietary patterns and hypertension. SETTING Inner Mongolia (n 1861). PARTICIPANTS A representative sample of adults aged ≥18 years in Inner Mongolia. RESULTS Four major dietary patterns were identified: 'high protein', 'traditional northern', 'modern' and 'condiments'. Generalized linear models showed higher factor scores in the 'high protein' pattern were associated with lower DBI-07 (βLBS = -1·993, βHBS = -0·206, βDQD = -2·199; all P < 0·001); the opposite in the 'condiments' pattern (βLBS = 0·967, βHBS = 0·751, βDQD = 1·718; all P < 0·001). OR for hypertension in the highest quartile of the 'high protein' pattern compared with the lowest was 0·374 (95 % CI 0·244, 0·573; Ptrend < 0·001) in males. OR for hypertension in the 'condiments' pattern was 1·663 (95 % CI 1·113, 2·483; Ptrend < 0·001) in males, 1·788 (95 % CI 1·155, 2·766; Ptrend < 0·001) in females. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested a higher-quality dietary pattern evaluated by DBI-07 was related to decreased risk for hypertension, whereas a lower-quality dietary pattern was related to increased risk for hypertension in Inner Mongolia.
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Yoshinaga S, Shiomitsu T, Kamohara M, Fujii Y, Chosa E, Tsuruta K. Lifestyle-related signs of locomotive syndrome in the general Japanese population: A cross-sectional study. J Orthop Sci 2019; 24:1105-1109. [PMID: 31477343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of locomotive syndrome (LS) risk in age groups using the LS risk test proposed by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Based on this, this study identified the lifestyle-related signs that lead to LS, by clarifying the association between LS risk and lifestyle factors. METHODS A total of 728 individuals aged 20-91 years who were without specific mobility disorders were evaluated. Participants were asked to perform the LS risk test and complete a self-administered original questionnaire survey for this study. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine the relationships of sex and age with LS. The prevalence of LS by sex and age was compared using the Chi-squared test or Student's t-test, as appropriate. The Mantel-Haenszel test was used to examine the relationship of each component of the lifestyle factors. RESULTS Overall, 36.4% of males and 49.1% of females were classified into the LS group; the prevalence of LS was significantly higher in females than males (p < .001). The prevalence of LS tended to increase with age in both males and females (p < .05). As for health condition, pain in the locomotive organs, knees, back, and hip joints was significantly associated with LS (p < .05). Of the lifestyle-related diseases, only hypertension (p < .05) was significantly associated with LS, and drug treatment was significantly associated with LS (p < .05). As for lifestyle, anxiety about physical fitness, self-assessed poor health, irregular dietary habits, and lack of exercise were also associated with LS (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Interventions to prevent LS are important during its early stages, especially for females, and lifestyle-related signs of LS, such as pain in the locomotive organs, lifestyle-related disease, drug treatment, and a lower subjective evaluation of health must not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Yoshinaga
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shiomitsu
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Makuhari Human Care, Tohto College of Health Sciences, 1-1 Hibino, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 261-0021, Japan
| | - Masumi Kamohara
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujii
- Faculty of Education, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Etsuo Chosa
- Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Kurumi Tsuruta
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
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Chen X, He XY, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Li Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yin T, Li Y. Interaction between mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit-2 5178 C > A and clinical risk factors on the susceptibility of essential hypertension in Chinese population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:121. [PMID: 31277597 PMCID: PMC6612147 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrial genotype 5178 cytosine/adenine (5178 C > A) within the NADH dehydrogenase subunit-2 gene (ND2) was proved to associate with longevity and predispose resistance to adult-onset diseases. This study aimed to confirm the interactive effects between ND 25178 C > A and clinical risk factors on the susceptibility of essential hypertension in Chinese general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relationship between the ND2 5178 C > A variation and the risk of hypertension was investigated in 817 hypertensives and 821 matched normotensives. The interactive effects between ND2 5178 C > A and clinical risk factors were evaluated. RESULTS The ND2 5178 A allele was more frequent in normotensives than in hypertensives (32.64% vs. 24.24%; adjusted OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.49-0.79, P = 1.3 × 10- 4). After stratification, the significant association between ND2 5178 C > A and hypertension was found only in current smokers (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.31-0.62), but not in non-current smokers (p < 0.01 for interaction). Smoking status (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.11-2.06) and high triglycerides (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.10-2.24) were found independently associated with hypertension only in carriers of 5178 C allele but not in carriers of 5178 A allele. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, ND2 5178 A allele could confer a lower risk for essential hypertension in Chinese by the interaction with smoking status. The higher risk of hypertension imposed by smoking and high TG may be altered by ND2 5178 A allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No.28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiang-Yu He
- Department of Ophthalmology, 958 Hospital of PLA ARMY, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yusong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No.28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zongbin Li
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No.28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No.28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No.28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Tong Yin
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No.28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No.28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Prevalence of and risk factors for refractive error: a cross-sectional study in Han and Mongolian adults aged 40-80 years in Inner Mongolia, China. Eye (Lond) 2019; 33:1722-1732. [PMID: 31160702 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for refractive error (RE) in Han and Mongolian adults aged 40-80 years in Inner Mongolia in China and to identify ethnic differences in RE between these populations. METHODS Our cross-sectional study is part of the China National Health Survey (CNHS). The age-adjusted prevalence of RE in Han and Mongolian adults aged 40-80 in Inner Mongolia were compared. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors. RESULTS Among 2090 people, the age-adjusted prevalence of myopia (SE < -0.5D), hyperopia (SE > 0.5D), high myopia (SE < -6.0D) and astigmatism (cylinder ≥ 0.5D) were 29.4% (95% confidence interval (CI), 27.4-31.3%), 28.4% (95% CI, 26.4-30.5%), 3.6% (95% CI, 2.8-4.4%) and 65.9% (95% CI, 63.9-67.9%), respectively. The age-adjusted prevalence of myopia in the Han population was higher than that in the Mongolian population (31.8% vs. 23.0%, p < 0.001), but the prevalence of hyperopia was lower (25.8% vs. 35.3%, p = 0.002). In the multivariable logistic regression, ethnicity was associated with myopia (p = 0.001) and hyperopia (p = 0.001). Myopia was also associated with age, time spent in rural areas (p < 0.001) and middle/high school and undergraduate/graduate education levels (p = 0.027 and p < 0.001, respectively, compared with lower education levels). Additionally, age, height (p = 0.015) and pterygium (p = 0.014) were associated with hyperopia. CONCLUSIONS Ethnicity is closely related to RE in Inner Mongolia in mainland China. Our study investigates differences in prevalence of and risk factors for RE between the Han and Mongolian populations, which could not be explained by differences in the risk factors investigated in this study.
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He H, Pan L, Liu F, Ma J, Hu Z, Wang L, Li Y, Shan G. Expanded normal weight obesity and blood pressure in Chinese adults: a community-based cross-sectional study. Aust J Prim Health 2019; 25:256-263. [PMID: 31196378 DOI: 10.1071/py18166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the independent association between expanded normal weight obesity categories and blood pressure among adults aged 20-80 years in China. By cross-sectional design, a total of 4279 adults living in Shaanxi Province, China, were selected from communities via multi-stage stratified cluster sampling in 2014. Information on anthropometric, body composition and blood pressure was collected and analysed. Expanded normal weight obesity (ENWO) categories were used to identify the level of bodyweight based on the combination of body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP) categories. The age- and sex-standardised prevalence of hypertension increased within ENWO groups, from 10.12% in the underweight-low body fat group to 45.92% in the obesity-high body fat group. In under or normal weight participants, body fat percentage was found independently associated with hypertension in men, with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.69 in the fourth quartile of BFP compared with the first one. However, this effect was not observed in women. BFP was independently associated with increased risk of hypertension, especially in men. People with normal BMI should be re-identified as a high-risk population based on BFP level when it comes to hypertension prevention in primary healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 Jiandong Street, Beilin District, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jingang Ma
- Institute of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 Jiandong Street, Beilin District, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Institute of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 Jiandong Street, Beilin District, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Institute of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 Jiandong Street, Beilin District, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100005, China; and Corresponding author
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You Y, Wang J, Teng W, Ma G, Liu P. Blood pressure and noncommunicable diseases in middle-aged and older adults in China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206635. [PMID: 30388163 PMCID: PMC6214538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are few studies examining the association between blood pressure (BP) and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in consideration of the new hypertension guidelines in China. Methods Data were drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. 14 390 eligible participants (aged 45 years and older) were selected through four-stage, stratified, and cluster sampling. Hypertension was considered as a mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 130 mm Hg (old definition: 140 mm Hg) or higher, a mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 80 mm Hg (old definition: 90 mm Hg) or higher or taking anti-hypertensive medication. Cochran-Armitage trend test and logistic regression analyses were conducted to test the association between BP level and NCDs. Results The prevalence of hypertension based on the latest definition was 56.35% (while by old definition: 42.75%). The awareness, treatment, and control among hypertensive participants were 38.62% (51.18%), 43.10% (56.81%), and 9.91% (13.06%), respectively. An increasing rate of NCDs (diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and memory-related disease) among participants were found with the ascending of BP level. After adjusted for demographics and behavioral risks, the following 3 NCDs had been shown to correlate with hypertension: diabetes (adjusted OR 1.15, 0.91–1.45 for elevated BP; 1.20, 0.97–1.49 for hypertension stage 1; 1.55, 1.28–1.86 hypertension stage 2), heart disease (0.94, 0.79–1.12; 1.05, 0.90–1.22; 1.28, 1.12–1.47), and stroke (1.77, 1.25–2.51; 1.32, 0.93–1.87; 1.85, 1.37–2.49). Conclusions The association between hypertension and the risk of NCDs is of concern in China. The combined efforts on NCDs prevention and lowered blood pressure should be made by nationally integrated strategies, especially in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui You
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jincai Wang
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenjie Teng
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guifeng Ma
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pengtao Liu
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
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Wang XY, Zhuang Y, Ma TT, Zhang B, Wang XY. Prevalence of Self-Reported Food Allergy in Six Regions of Inner Mongolia, Northern China: A Population-Based Survey. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1902-1911. [PMID: 29605827 PMCID: PMC5894567 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of self-reported food allergy in 6 regions of Inner Mongolia, northern China. Material/Methods A random cluster sampling population study using a field questionnaire was distributed to 4714 individuals in 6 regions within Inner Mongolia, northern China; the study included ethnic Mongol minorities and Chinese Han populations. The questionnaire obtained data on ethnicity, age, sex, level of education, income, socioeconomic status, rural versus urban location, medical and family history, and food allergy. Results There were 4441 (73.5%) completed questionnaires. The prevalence of self-reported food allergy was 18.0% (15.2% men; 20.6% women) and was age-related, being significantly greater in children compared with adults (38.7% vs. 11.9%) (P<0.001). There was a significant difference in self-reported food allergy between rural and urban populations (14.6% vs. 21.4%) (P<0.001) and between Mongolian and Han populations (20.8% vs. 15.8%) (P<0.001). Socioeconomic status, higher education level, and increased family income were significantly correlated with the prevalence of food allergy (P<0.001). Participants with allergic diseases and atopic family history were at increased risk (OR>1, P<0.001). There were no significant associations between the prevalence of food allergy and birth history, infant feeding, and duration of breastfeeding. Conclusions An increase in the prevalence of self-reported food allergy was found in the Inner Mongolia region of northern China, which was greater in urban areas compared with rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Ting-Ting Ma
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xue-Yan Wang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Wu J, Li T, Song X, Sun W, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li L, Yu Y, Liu Y, Qi C, Liu B. Prevalence and distribution of hypertension and related risk factors in Jilin Province, China 2015: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020126. [PMID: 29599392 PMCID: PMC5875623 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of hypertension and its related factors in Jilin province, China. DESIGN A cross-sectional study in four cities and four rural counties in Jilin as part of a national Chinese study. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total of 15 206 participants who were ≥15 years old and were selected using a stratified multistage random sampling method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence of hypertension. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension in Jilin province was 24.7%. Moreover, the prevalence of hypertension increased with age in both sexes, and was higher in men than in women. The modifiable factors that were associated with hypertension were body mass index, smoking and alcohol drinking. The risk factors identified are similar to those in southern China, except smoking, which has no association with hypertension prevalence in the South. CONCLUSIONS Age, sex, body mass index, smoking and alcohol drinking were risk factors of hypertension. Control of these related risk factors, especially smoking, may be helpful in the treatment and management of hypertension in Jilin province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junduo Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianjing Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Longbo Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunpeng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yihang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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The prevalence of alcohol dependence and its association with hypertension: a population-based cross-sectional study4 in Xuzhou city, China. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:364. [PMID: 29548314 PMCID: PMC5857079 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To describe the prevalence of alcohol dependence and to explore the relationship between alcohol dependence and newly detected hypertension in China. Methods A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to obtain samples from February to June 2013. The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test was used to estimate alcohol dependence level. A standard questionnaire measured other independent variables. Enumeration data were analyzed using chi-square; quantitative data were analyzed using t-tests. Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the relationship between alcohol dependence and hypertension. Results The alcohol dependence rate was 11.56%; 22.02% of males (3854/17501) and 1.74% of females (324/18656) were classified as alcohol dependent. The newly detected hypertension rate was 9.46% (3422/36157). Significant associations were found between alcohol dependence levels and blood pressure (P < 0.01). Alcohol dependence was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.071, P < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.077, P < 0.01) and was an independent risk factor for hypertension after adjusting for confounders (low alcohol dependence: odds ratio [OR] = 1.44, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.14–1.81, P < 0.01; light alcohol dependence: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.11–1.64, P < 0.01; medium alcohol dependence: OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.40–2.41, P < 0.01). Conclusion Alcohol dependence was high and associated with hypertension. Health education and precautions against alcoholism should be implemented in Xuzhou city.
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The burden, management rates and influencing factors of high blood pressure in a Chinese rural population: the Rural Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (RuralDiab) study. J Hum Hypertens 2018; 32:236-246. [PMID: 29440701 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-018-0039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and potentially influencing factors of high blood pressure (HBP) in Chinese rural adults based on a cross-sectional study. Using data from the Rural Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (RuralDiab) study, a total of 30,834 participants aged 18-74 years were enrolled for the epidemiological study. The multivariate logistic regression model including all selected potentially influencing factors was carried out for the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, a total of 9872 individuals were diagnosed as HBP (32.02%) with substantial imparity between men and women (32.87% vs. 30.58%), and the corresponding age-standardized prevalence of HBP were 19.50% (20.94% in men and 18.85% in women). Among the HBP patients, 6654 were aware of the diagnosis (67.40%), 5391 were taking medication (54.61%), and 2572 had their blood pressure controlled (26.05%).The corresponding age-adjusted awareness, treatment, and control of HBP were 59.35%, 45.91%, and 23.87%, respectively, and the corresponding rates were higher in women than those in men. The age-specific prevalence and management rates of HBP displayed increased trends with aging in both sexes(P trend < 0.05). Aging, low level of education, unhealthy lifestyle, positive family history of hypertension, overweight, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were associated with the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of HBP. In conclusion, uncontrolled HBP was common with high prevalence in Chinese rural residents. Strengthening the primary prevention through lifestyle modifications is necessary for reducing the disease burden and improving the management rates of HBP.
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Ma C. An investigation of factors influencing self-care behaviors in young and middle-aged adults with hypertension based on a health belief model. Heart Lung 2018; 47:136-141. [PMID: 29395265 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore whether five variables of the health belief model were factors influencing self-care behaviors in young and middle-aged adults with hypertension. BACKGROUND The self-care behaviors of young and middle-aged adults with hypertension are suboptimal in China, and the factors associated with self-care behaviors have rarely been studied in the population. METHODS A questionnaire survey was adopted in the study. 382 eligible participants were recruited from two tertiary teaching hospitals using the convenience sampling. RESULTS The predictors of self-care behaviors in young and middle-aged adults with hypertension included age, complications related to hypertension, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers and self-efficacy. Five aspects of health beliefs model accounted for 47.0% of total variance. CONCLUSIONS The perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy were key factors affecting self-care behaviors in young and middle-aged adults with hypertension. A health education program targeting improving health beliefs for the population should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Ma
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Yang ZQ, Zhao Q, Jiang P, Zheng SB, Xu B. Prevalence and control of hypertension among a Community of Elderly Population in Changning District of shanghai: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2017; 17:296. [PMID: 29281978 PMCID: PMC5745978 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is considered a major public health challenge. It is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is a prominent risk for China's elderly population. However, few studies have addressed the effect of blood pressure control on elderly hypertension patients in China. In response, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and control of hypertension in the elderly population in Shanghai's communities. METHODS A secondary data analysis based on a government-financed health check-up program for an elderly population aged 65 and older from 2012 to 2014 was conducted in a central district of Shanghai. RESULTS Of the 44,978 study participants, 20,305 (45.1%) were males and 24,673 (54.9%) were females. The participants' median age was 72. Half of the participants were overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m2). The prevalence of hypertension was 59.9%. In the 18,032 participants without prior diagnosis of hypertension, 5530 (30.7%) had increased blood pressure. Among the 26,946 confirmed hypertension patients, the proportions of treatment and blood pressure control were 32.8% and 43.4% respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the uncontrolled hypertension was significantly associated with older age, being overweight or obese, a lower level of education, an unbalanced dietary pattern, regular drinking and non-comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hypertension was high in China's elderly population. The proportion of individuals who received treatment remained low, and blood pressure control was poor among hypertension patients. These results indicate that improvement of the ability to manage and control hypertension among urban elderly residents is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qi Yang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Changning District Health and Family Planning Commission, Changning District, Shanghai, China
| | - Song-Bai Zheng
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Department of Public Health Sciences (Global Health/IHCAR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, China
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Zhang FL, Guo ZN, Xing YQ, Wu YH, Liu HY, Yang Y. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in northeast China: a population-based cross-sectional survey. J Hum Hypertens 2017; 32:54-65. [DOI: 10.1038/s41371-017-0003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Li G, Wang H, Wang K, Wang W, Dong F, Qian Y, Gong H, Hui C, Xu G, Li Y, Pan L, Zhang B, Shan G. The association between smoking and blood pressure in men: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:797. [PMID: 29017534 PMCID: PMC5634904 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the association between smoking and blood pressure is unclear. Thus, the current study examined the association between cigarette smoking and blood pressure in men. METHODS Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were examined using digital blood pressure measuring device, and smoking status was determined with China National Health Survey. RESULTS The ANCOVA showed that the adjusted DBP and MAP were lower in current smokers versus nonsmokers and the adjusted SBP was lower in current smokers versus former smokers (P < 0.05). Additionally, the adjusted PP tend to be decreased steadily as the pack·years increased in current smokers. In a fully adjusted logistic regression model, former smokers had increased ORs (95% CI) of 1.48 (1.01, 2.18) of hypertension and current smokers had not increased ORs (95% CI) of 0.83 (0.61, 1.12), compared with never smokers. CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed that the adjusted blood pressure were lower in current smokers versus nonsmokers and former smokers. No significant dose-dependent effect of current smoking on blood pressure indices except PP was observed. Smoking cessation was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension. However, current smoking was not a risk factor of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoju Li
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266011, China
| | - Hailing Wang
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, Department of Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Fen Dong
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yonggang Qian
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Haiying Gong
- Fangshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxia Hui
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Huang G, Yang X, Huang J. Morning surge in blood pressure and sympathetic activity in Mongolians and Han Chinese: a multimodality investigation of hypertension and dyssomnia. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3758. [PMID: 28948098 PMCID: PMC5609520 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension and dyssomnia are increasing significantly in Mongolians, and the related factors of ethnic differences in hypertension and dyssomnia between Mongolians and Han Chinese are unclear. This study examined the relationship of morning surge in blood pressure (MBP) with ethnicity, sleep situation, and sympathetic activity throughout the day. Methods Of 692 hypertensive patients screened, 202 subjects with dyssomnia were selected. They were then divided into Mongolian (n = 87) and Han (n = 115) groups. The differences in dyssomnia, 24-h blood pressure, and urinary catecholamine were analyzed in all subjects; they were then further divided according to the degree of dyssomnia (low, moderate, and severe) to determine the differences in blood pressure and catecholamine. Results Mongolians had a lower history of smoking, daytime dysfunction, nocturnal heart rates, and dopamine levels, but their body mass index, triglyceride, fasting glucose, morning surge in systolic blood pressure (MSBP), nocturnal systolic blood pressure (NSBP), nocturnal diastolic blood pressure, daytime systolic blood pressure, daytime heart rates, and dopamine level (D-DA) were higher than those of Han Chinese. With the aggravation of dyssomnia, MSBP, NSBP, D-NE, daytime epinephrine, and D-DA of Mongolians and Han Chinese increased gradually, but the rate of increase was faster in the latter (p < 0.05). D-DA was entered into the MSBP regression model of Mongolians (intercept, 157 mmHg), whereas D-DA and D-NE were entered into the MSBP regression model of Han Chinese (intercept, 142 mmHg). Conclusion Worsened dyssomnia induces higher MSBP and augments sympathetic excitability in Mongolians and Han Chinese. Mongolians with hypertension and dyssomnia had higher MSBP baseline and D-DA but lower N-DA. With an increase in D-DA, MSBP in Han and Mongolian patients increased gradually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Social disparities explain differences in hypertension prevalence, detection and control in Colombia. J Hypertens 2017; 34:2344-2352. [PMID: 27662189 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension is the principal risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The global Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study showed that the levels of awareness, treatment and control of this condition are very low worldwide and show large regional variations related to a country's income index. The aim of the present analysis was to identify associations between sociodemographic, geographic, anthropometric, behavioral and clinical factors and the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension within Colombia - a high-middle income country which participated in the global Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study. METHODS AND RESULTS The sample comprised 7485 individuals aged 35-70 years (mean age 50.8 years, 64% women). Mean SBP and DBP were 129.12 ± 21.23 and 80.39 ± 11.81 mmHg, respectively. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 37.5% and was substantially higher amongst participants with the lowest educational level, who had a 25% higher prevalence (<0.001). Hypertension awareness, treatment amongst those aware, and control amongst those treated were 51.9, 77.5 and 37.1%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was higher amongst those with a higher BMI (<0.001) or larger waist-hip ratio (<0.001). Being male, younger, a rural resident and having a low level of education was associated with significantly lower hypertension awareness, treatment and control. The use of combination therapy was very low (27.5%) and was significantly lower in rural areas and amongst those with a low income. CONCLUSION Overall Colombia has a high prevalence of hypertension in combination with very low levels of awareness, treatment and control; however, we found large variations within the country that appear to be associated with sociodemographic disparities.
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Li G, Guo G, Wang W, Wang K, Wang H, Dong F, Qian Y, Gong H, Xu G, Li Y, Pan L, Zhang B, Shan G. Association of prehypertension and cardiovascular risk factor clustering in Inner Mongolia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015340. [PMID: 28667215 PMCID: PMC5734362 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Han and Mongolian adults with prehypertension or hypertension in Northern China. METHODS We selected 3227 Han and Mongolian participants (20-80 years old) using a multistage cluster sampling method in 2014. The participants were interviewed by standard questionnaires and underwent anthropometric measurement and biochemical testing. Han and Mongolian participants were divided into optimal, prehypertension, and hypertension groups based on blood pressure. A multinomial logit analysis was performed to explore relationships between CVD risk factor clustering and prehypertension or hypertension, and the heterogeneity between Han and Mongolian was evaluated by the Cochran Q test. The differences between the ethnic groups in the proportions of risk factors was tested with the χ2 test. RESULTS The clustering of two or three CVD risk factors in the prehypertension or hypertension groups was consistently higher than in the optimal group (Bonferroni, p<0.0167). The odds ratios (ORs) of prehypertension and hypertension increased with the number of CVD risk factors (ptrend <0.0001). In multivariate modelling, the adjusted ORs of one, two, and ≥3 CVD risk factors versus no risk factors was, respectively, 1.95, 2.25, and 2.28 in Han prehypertensive participants, and 1.73, 2.83, and 3.69 in Mongolian prehypertensive participants. In addition, the adjusted ORs were 3.15, 4.75, and 6.49 in Han hypertensive participants, and 1.90, 5.29, and 8.13 in Mongolian hypertensive participants (all p<0.05). There was no significant heterogeneity between Han and Mongolian participants in the prehypertension or hypertension groups. The age-standardised prevalence of ≥3 risk factors was 38.30% in Han men and 39.79% in Mongolian men. The rate was significantly lower in Han women than Mongolian women (9.18% vs 14.55%, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS These findings showed clustering of CVD risk factors in prehypertensive Han and Mongolian adults, and showed prehypertension may be a useful target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoju Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghong Guo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of 9 Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China 10 Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailing Wang
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Fen Dong
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yonggang Qian
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Haiying Gong
- Fangshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Wang H, Wang K, Wang W, Dong F, Qian Y, Gong H, Xu G, Li G, Pan L, Zhu G, Shan G. Optimal body fat percentage cut-off values for identifying cardiovascular risk factors in Mongolian and Han adults: a population-based cross-sectional study in Inner Mongolia, China. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014675. [PMID: 28420663 PMCID: PMC5719662 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to determine the optimal cut-off values of body fat percentage (BF%) for the detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Mongolian and Han adults. METHOD This cross-sectional study involving 3221 Chinese adults (2308 Han and 913 Mongolian) aged 20-80 years was conducted in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, in 2014. Data from a standardised questionnaire, physical examination and blood sample were obtained. The BF% was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Optimal BF% cut-offs were analysed by receiver operating characteristic curves to predict the risk of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the OR of each CVD risk factor according to obesity defined by BF%. RESULTS Mean BF% levels were lower in men than in women (22.54±5.77 vs 32.95±6.18 in Han, 23.86±5.72 vs 33.98±6.40 in Mongolian population, respectively; p<0.001). In Han population, the area under curve (AUC) values for BF% ranged from 0.589 to 0.699 for men and from 0.711 to 0.763 for women. Compared with men, AUCs for diabetes and clustering of ≥2 risk factors in women were significantly higher (p<0.05). The AUCs for BF% in women (0.685-0.783) were similar with those in men (0.686-0.736) for CVD risk factors in Mongolian population. In Han adults, the optimal BF% cut-off values to detect CVD risk factors varied from 18.7% to 24.2% in men and 32.7% to 35.4% in women. In Mongolian population, the optimal cut-off values of BF% for men and women ranged from 21.0% to 24.6% and from 35.7% to 40.0%, respectively. Subjects with high BF% (≥24% in men, ≥34% in women) had higher risk of CVD risk factors in Han (age-adjusted ORs from 1.479 to 3.680, 2.660 to 4.016, respectively). In Mongolia, adults with high BF% (≥25% in men, ≥35% in women) had higher risk of CVD risk factors (age-adjusted ORs from 2.587 to 3.772, 2.061 to 4.882, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The optimal BF% cut-offs for obesity for the prediction of CVD risk factors in Chinese men and women were approximately 24% and 34% for Han adults and 25% and 35% for Mongolian population of Inner Mongolia, China, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hailing Wang
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, Department of Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education Sichuan, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fen Dong
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yonggang Qian
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Haiying Gong
- Fangshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoju Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Guangjin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Hu L, Huang X, You C, Li J, Hong K, Li P, Wu Y, Wu Q, Bao H, Cheng X. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Prehypertension and Hypertension in Southern China. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170238. [PMID: 28095471 PMCID: PMC5240940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to describe the prevalence and risk factors of prehypertension and hypertension in Jiangxi Province, China. Individuals with prehypertension frequently progress into hypertension and are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease and stroke. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 15,296 participants (15 years or older) was conducted in Jiangxi Province, China, in 2013, using questionnaire forms and physical measurements. Results The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 32.3% (39.2% in men and 27.6% in women) and 29.0% (30.1% in men and 28.2% in women), respectively. The awareness, treatment, and control rates among all hypertensive participants were 64.8%, 27.1%, and 12.6%, respectively. The prevalence of prehypertension in males declined with age, but the prevalence of hypertension increased in different genders. The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension increased with increasing body mass index (BMI). The prevalence of prehypertension decreased, in parallel to an increase in the prevalence of hypertension, with increasing waist circumference (WC). A combination of WC and BMI was superior to individual indices in identifying hypertension. A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that increasing age, high BMI, high visceral adipose index, and high heart rate were risk factors for prehypertension and hypertension. The high body fat percentage was significantly associated with prehypertension. Living in an urban area, male sex, abdominal obesity, and menopause were correlated with hypertension. Conclusions Prehypertension and hypertension are epidemic in southern China. Further studies are needed to explore an indicator that can represent the visceral fat accurately and has a close relationship with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunjiao You
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
| | - Juxiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
| | - Qinhua Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
| | - Huihui Bao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
- * E-mail: (XSC); (HHB)
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, China
- * E-mail: (XSC); (HHB)
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Socioeconomic differences in prevalence, awareness, control and self-management of hypertension among four minority ethnic groups, Na Xi, Li Shu, Dai and Jing Po, in rural southwest China. J Hum Hypertens 2017; 31:388-394. [PMID: 28054570 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2016.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates socioeconomic differences in prevalence, awareness, control and self-management of hypertension in rural China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among four ethnic minority groups in Yunnan Province: Na Xi, Li Shu, Dai and Jing Po. Approximately 5532 consenting individuals aged ⩾35 years (48.4% of whom were male) were selected to participate in the study using a stratified, multistage sampling technique. Information about participants' demographic characteristics and hypertension awareness, treatment, control and self-management practices was obtained using a standard questionnaire. The age-standardised prevalence of hypertension in the study population was 33.6%. In hypertensive subjects, the overall levels of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were 42.1%, 28.5% and 6.7%, respectively. Approximately 58.7% of hypertensive patients regularly self-monitored blood pressure (BP), 64.7% adhered to their physician-prescribed anti-hypertensive drugs, and 88.0% took at least one measure to control BP. Hypertensive patients of Jing Po ethnicity had the lowest rates of awareness, treatment, control and self-management of hypertension among the four ethnic minority groups studied. Individuals with lower levels of education were more likely to be hypertensive. Further, individuals with lower levels of education had a lower probability of awareness of their hypertensive status and of treatment with antihypertensive medication. Access to medical services was positively associated with awareness of suffering from hypertension, being treated with antihypertensive medication, and compliance with antihypertensive drug treatment. This study suggests that effective strategies to enhance awareness, treatment and management of hypertension should focus on individuals with low levels of education and poor access to medical services.
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Allibe M, Babici D, Chantrel YF, Lesquerbault B, Dubau M, Fickl R, Takla Z, Preissig-Dirhold C, Bucura R, Sissoko A, Coliban M, Chantrel F. Appraisal of the Knowledge of Hypertensive Patients Regarding Blood Pressure Control and Comorbidities: Results of a French Regional Survey. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2016; 23:365-372. [DOI: 10.1007/s40292-016-0174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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