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Jongenelis MI, Budden T, Christian H, Coall DA, Jackson B, Nathan A, Glassenbury E. The Role of Grandparents in Facilitating Children's Physical Activity. J Phys Act Health 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39187252 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2024-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests there is considerable opportunity to improve children's movement behaviors while they are being cared for by their grandparents. An understanding of the extent to which grandparent practices facilitate children's engagement in physical activity is critical to the development of health interventions targeting grandparent caregivers. This study examined the activity-related beliefs and practices of grandparents and their association with grandchildren's engagement in various movement behaviors while in grandparental care. METHODS Australian grandparents (N = 1190; 60% women) who provided regular care to a grandchild aged 3-14 years were recruited via a web panel provider to complete an online survey. The survey assessed grandparents' physical activity-related beliefs (eg, perceived importance) and practices (eg, support and social control) and their grandchildren's engagement in physical activity (unstructured, structured, and outdoor play) and screen-based activities while in grandparental care. RESULTS The importance of grandchildren's physical activity was rated highly by grandparents. Grandparents' support for their grandchildren's physical activity was positively associated with their grandchildren's engagement in structured physical activity, unstructured physical activity, and outdoor play. Negative social control was associated with greater engagement in screen-based activities. Other correlates of grandchildren's physical activity and screen-based activities included grandparents' own engagement in these activities. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of reinforcing the beliefs and practices that positively influence children's movement behaviors and addressing those that have unintended consequences. Encouraging grandparents to support their grandchildren's physical activity and discouraging forms of negative social control are likely to be important in efforts to promote physical activity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle I Jongenelis
- Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy Budden
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Hayley Christian
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - David A Coall
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Ben Jackson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Andrea Nathan
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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2
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Ames ME, Robillard CL, Turner BJ, Garcia-Barrera M, Rush J, Craig SG. Associations between physical activity, affect regulation difficulties, and mental health among Canadian adolescents at two different points of the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Health 2024; 39:1042-1058. [PMID: 36184947 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2127718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Although physical activity declined with social distancing measures and stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic, youth who engaged in more physical activity experienced fewer mental health problems. If and how physical activity maintained its protective role throughout the ongoing pandemic remains unclear. This study models associations between three types of physical activity (indoor, outdoor, with parents), affect regulation, and anxious and depressive symptoms in two independent adolescent samples (T1: Summer 2020; T2: Winter 2020/21). Methods and Measures. Six hundred sixty-two Canadian adolescents (T1: Mage = 15.69, SD = 1.36; 52% girls; 5% trans+) and 675 Canadian adolescents (T2: Mage = 15.80, SD = 1.46; 50% girls; 6% trans+) participated in an online survey. Data included frequency of physical activity indoors, outdoors, and with parents, affect regulation difficulties, and measures of anxious and depressive symptoms. Results. Multiple-group path analysis showed indoor physical activity had an indirect effect on anxiety and depressive symptoms through affect dysregulation, but only at T1. Physical activity with parents was protective for adolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms at both T1 and T2 and had an indirect effect through affect dysregulation and suppression. Conclusion. Findings contribute to our understanding of how physical activity protects adolescent mental health, and point to strengthening family supports and recreation opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Ames
- University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Youth and Society, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christina L Robillard
- University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brianna J Turner
- University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Youth and Society, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan Rush
- University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephanie G Craig
- York University, LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Anneli Heikkilä E, Pokka TML, Korpelainen R, Tossavainen PH. Level, types and determinants of physical activity in children with type 1 diabetes and their parents: A cross-sectional study. Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15149. [PMID: 37199667 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to describe the level, types and determinants of leisure time PA and exercise among children with type 1 diabetes and their parents. METHODS One hundred twenty children aged 6-18 years with type 1 diabetes and 113 parents (n = 113) participated to this questionnaire-based study at Northern Ostrobothnia District Hospital in Oulu, western Finland. All participants gave informed consent before entering this study. RESULTS Twenty-three per cent of the children exercised briskly for at least 7 h a week which corresponds to 60 min per day. The total PA occasions children had with a parent accounted for the children's total number of PA occasions in a week (β = 0.83, 95% CI 0.20-1.47) and total weekly hours of PA (β = 0.90, 95% CI 0.07-1.73). There was a positive association between total weekly hours of brisk PA and HbA1 c (β = 0.65, 95% CI 0.02-0.13), while there was no such association with light PA (β = 0.42, 95% CI -0.04-0.87). Laziness, fear of unexpected glycaemic variability and tiredness were the most frequent barriers to PA in children. CONCLUSION Most of the children with type 1 diabetes did not reach generally recommended 60 min of brisk PA a day. Exercising with a parent was positively associated with children's weekly frequency and total hours of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Anneli Heikkilä
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tytti M-L Pokka
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department for Children and Adolescents and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Päivi H Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department for Children and Adolescents and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Vanderloo LM, Saravanamuttoo K, Bourke M, Zhong S, Szpunar M, Gilliland J, Burke SM, Irwin JD, Truelove S, Tucker P. Parents' attitudes regarding their children's play during COVID-19: Impact of socioeconomic status and urbanicity. SSM Popul Health 2023; 24:101549. [PMID: 38021457 PMCID: PMC10661847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the daily routines of parents and children. This study explored the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) and urbanicity on parents' attitudes toward their children's active play opportunities 6 months and 1.5 years into COVID-19. Methods A sample of 239 Ontario parents of children aged 12 and younger completed two online surveys (August-December 2020; 2021) to assess parents' intentions, beliefs, and comforts concerning their child's eventual return to play, in addition to various sociodemographic and physical activity variables. Descriptive analyses were run as well as an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to group the 14 attitude items into subscales for analysis, to ensure reliability and validity of attitude measures. Results In general, parents in communities with more urban features (e.g., densely populated areas), single-parents, full-time employed parents, and parents with lower-incomes were more hesitant to return their children to active play during the pandemic. Conclusion Findings from this work highlight SES and urbanicity disparities that continue to exist during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh M. Vanderloo
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, Elborn College, 1201 Western Road, Room 2547, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 1205, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
| | - Kendall Saravanamuttoo
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Matthew Bourke
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, Elborn College, 1201 Western Road, Room 2547, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Shiran Zhong
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Monika Szpunar
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Jason Gilliland
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Shauna M. Burke
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Jennifer D. Irwin
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Stephanie Truelove
- Member Interest Groups Section, Professional Development and Practice Support, College of Family Physicians of Canada, Mississauga, ON, L4W 5A4, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, Elborn College, 1201 Western Road, Room 2547, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada
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Donnelly S, Buchan DS, McLellan G, Arthur R. The Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Parent and Child Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Body Mass Index. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:758-768. [PMID: 34709139 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1918322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Physical inactivity and overweight status has been linked to low socioeconomic status (SES) in youth. Parents are known to influence both their child's weight and physical activity (PA). The relationship between parent and child PA is of interest to many researchers; however, previous research typically relies on self-reported measures. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parent and child moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of children (4-11 years old) using wrist-worn accelerometers and to explore mediating processes by which SES influences child MVPA and BMI through their parents MVPA and BMI. Methods: Parent and child dyads (n = 174) wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for 7 days. Mediation analyses were conducted to understand the indirect relationships between SES and child MVPA and BMI. Results: Weekend parent and child MVPA was significantly related (p < .01). Parent and child BMIs were also significantly related (p < .001). There was a significant negative direct effect of SES on child BMI (p < .05). Additionally, we observed a significant negative indirect effect of SES on child BMI via their parents BMI (B = -.04, SE .02, 95% CI = -.07 to -.01). Conclusions: Whilst parent and child MVPA were significantly related during the weekend, there were no associations between SES and MVPA. Future interventions aiming to improve health outcomes in children should consider the influence SES can have as well as parental activity on children's weekend MVPA.
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Hunter S, Spence JC, Leatherdale ST, Carson V. Associations Between Parent's Perceived Neighborhood Environment and Objectively Measured Walkability With Their Children's Physical Activity. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:811-819. [PMID: 36370701 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighborhoods are one setting to promote children's physical activity. This study examined associations between neighborhood features and children's physical activity and whether season or socioeconomic status modified these associations. METHODS Parents (n = 641) of children aged 6-10 years completed the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale-Abbreviated. Walkability was objectively measured at 400, 800, and 1200 m around the centroid of participants' postal codes. Children's physical activity was measured via StepsCount pedometers and parental report. Regression analyses were performed with interaction terms for season and socioeconomic status. Multiple imputation was used primarily to triangulate the results for children with missing steps data (n = 192). RESULTS Higher perceived residential density and traffic hazards were significantly associated with lower squareroot transformed parental-reported physical activity and steps per day, respectively. Higher perceived aesthetics was associated with higher squareroot transformed parental-reported physical activity. Socioeconomic status modified 2 associations though they were not significant upon stratification. During winter months, better perceived infrastructure and safety for walking was associated with higher squareroot transformed parental-reported physical activity. No other significant associations emerged. CONCLUSION Residential density, traffic hazards, and aesthetics are important for children's physical activity. Few associations were modified by socioeconomic status or season. The need for objective and subjective measures of the neighborhood environment and children's physical activity is apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON,Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
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7
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Szpunar M, Saravanamuttoo K, Vanderloo LM, Bruijns BA, Truelove S, Burke SM, Gilliland J, Irwin JD, Tucker P. Children's Physical Activity during COVID-19 in Ontario, Canada: Parents' Perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15061. [PMID: 36429780 PMCID: PMC9691234 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a large influence on children's physical activity (i.e., play and sport) opportunities. The purpose of this study was to describe parents' perspectives of their children's (ages 0-12) physical activity experiences during the pandemic (i.e., since the onset in March 2020 until follow-up survey completion date [between August to December 2021]). As part of the 'Return to Play' study conducted in Ontario, Canada, two-parent report surveys were completed online via Qualtrics. Surveys measured parents' perspectives regarding their children's physical activity since the onset of the pandemic (n = 17 items) and collected demographic information (n = 16 items). Open-ended questions were included to gather a rich understanding of parents' experiences (i.e., supports, challenges) with facilitating their children's physical activity. Descriptive statistics were calculated to describe parents' perspectives of their children's physical activity experiences and to determine parent demographics. Open-ended questions were analyzed via deductive content analysis. Parents (n = 382) reported that they noticed behavior changes in their children because of the pandemic (65.9%), and most (73.7%) reported challenges with supporting their children's activity during periods when public health measures were in place. Many parents (44.5%) stated that their children asked about returning to play/sport more than three times per week during periods when play/sport facilities were closed in Ontario. Qualitative data identified common supports parents used (e.g., getting active outdoors, forming mini social 'bubbles'), and challenges they faced (e.g., work, children's increased screen time, and home schooling), pertaining to their children's physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szpunar
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Kendall Saravanamuttoo
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Leigh M. Vanderloo
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Elborn College, University of Western Ontario, 1201 Western Road, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 1205, Toronto, ON M5S 1M2, Canada
| | - Brianne A. Bruijns
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Elborn College, University of Western Ontario, 1201 Western Road, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Stephanie Truelove
- Member Interest Groups Section, Professional Development and Practice Support, College of Family Physicians of Canada, Mississauga, ON L4W 5A4, Canada
| | - Shauna M. Burke
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, 750 Base Line Rd E, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Jason Gilliland
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, 750 Base Line Rd E, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Jennifer D. Irwin
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Elborn College, University of Western Ontario, 1201 Western Road, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, 750 Base Line Rd E, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
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Zhang F, Liu W, Deng L, Li Z, Wang Y, Jin B. The Relationship Between Chinese College Student Offspring's Physical Activity and Father Physical Activity During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:896087. [PMID: 35719677 PMCID: PMC9204172 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.896087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the physical activity of Chinese college students and the physical activity of their parents. This relationship was examined by linear regression. The results showed that (1) the physical activities of China's college students will be refurbished and used for the parents. The offspring of COVID-19's later generation sports population showed that the offspring's physical activity was not broken during the later stage of the epidemic, and the coefficient of promotion (r = 1.515) (p < 0.01) of the offspring's participation in the physical activities was. (2) The increase or decrease of parents' sports population is affected by their children's occupation. Therefore, it shows the dynamic role of individuals and the two-way nature of socialization in the process of socialization. With the transformation from traditional society to modern society, promoting college students' physical activities can increase parents' physical activities and improve the level of social physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Physical Education Institute, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Anhui Vocational and Technical College of Sports, Hefei, China
| | - Lamei Deng
- Students' Affairs Division, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lamei Deng
| | - Zhifu Li
- Department of Physical Education, Anhui Vocational and Technical College of Sports, Hefei, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Anhui Vocational and Technical College of Sports, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (DEEC), Institute of Systems and Robotics (ISR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Donnelly S, Buchan DS, McLellan G, Arthur R. Relationship Between Parent and Child Physical Activity Using Novel Acceleration Metrics. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:180-188. [PMID: 32966164 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1817295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Raw acceleration data lend themselves to innovative metrics in which comparisons can be made across populations. This study examined whether the intensity gradient (IG) or average acceleration (AvAcc) was associated with body mass index (BMI) in children and adults and explored parent-child associations between time spent in physical activity intensities and BMI. Methods: Parent-child dyads (n = 90) wore a wrist-mounted ActiGraph GT3X+ monitor for ≥ 3 valid days (i.e., ≥ 16 hrs each day). Participants' BMI was calculated. Results: Girls' BMI-z scores were positively associated with parent BMI and inactive time. Parent BMI was negatively associated with boys' inactive time. Parental inactive time predicted girls' BMI-z scores. The metrics were not associated with parent BMI, and no independent effects were observed between the metrics. Associations between boys' IG and BMI z-score were observed. No independent effects were observed between the metrics and no significant associations were observed between boys' BMI z-score and AvAcc. Girls' AvAcc and IG were not associated with BMI z-score and no independent effects were observed between the metrics. Conclusion: Findings support previous research which suggests that parent's activity does not influence their child's activity.
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Matos R, Monteiro D, Amaro N, Antunes R, Coelho L, Mendes D, Arufe-Giráldez V. Parents' and Children's (6-12 Years Old) Physical Activity Association: A Systematic Review from 2001 to 2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312651. [PMID: 34886372 PMCID: PMC8656881 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, studies reveal that a significant proportion of adults and children do not meet the recommended guidelines for physical activity (PA). Therefore, it is crucial that proxy determinants for child physical activity enhancement could be identified. Parents have been considered to have a key role in child adherence to physical activity. Thus, this systematic review aimed to identify association between parents’ and children’s PA. The search of scientific papers was conducted from 31 October 2020 until 31 January 2021, on the Web of Science, Scopus, Psycinfo, SportDiscus, and Pubmed databases. The PRISMA protocol was used. Findings indicate a consistent association between parents’ and children’s (6–12 years old) PA. Despite the imbalance of the number of assessed fathers and mothers with the latter clearly overrepresented, a trend towards the same gender dyads on PA significant and positive association (father/son, mother/daughter) was evidenced. Results support the relevant importance of parents’ PA as role modeling (either explicitly or implicitly) for children’s PA. Besides, results revealed the importance of promoting PA in family for the enhancement of children’s PA. Moreover, and given the positive impact of exerting PA with the children on children’s PA, parents should spend more time practicing PA with their children, especially on MVPA and meeting the recommended guidelines for PA. Future studies should highlight the role of mediator variables on this interaction process, extending the knowledge on the contribution of other factors to the requested enhancement of children adherence to PA practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Matos
- ESECS-Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (D.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (L.C.); (D.M.)
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- ESECS-Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (D.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (L.C.); (D.M.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Amaro
- ESECS-Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (D.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (L.C.); (D.M.)
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Raul Antunes
- ESECS-Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (D.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (L.C.); (D.M.)
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Luís Coelho
- ESECS-Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (D.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (L.C.); (D.M.)
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Diogo Mendes
- ESECS-Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (D.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (L.C.); (D.M.)
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Víctor Arufe-Giráldez
- Faculty of Education, Research Unit of School Sports, Physical Education and Psychomotricity, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain;
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D'Egidio V, Lia L, Sinopoli A, Backhaus I, Mannocci A, Saulle R, Sestili C, Cocchiara R, Di Bella O, Yordanov T, Mazzacane M, La Torre G. Results of the Italian project 'GiochiAMO' to improve nutrition and PA among children. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 43:405-412. [PMID: 31786612 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdz129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of overweight and obesity during childhood is still elevated in high-income countries. GiochiAMO is a health promotion program that uses knowledge-based education and games to teach healthy nutrition and physical activity among children (6-8 years old). METHODS This study was a single arm field trial. Second and third grade classes of primary school attended an oral presentation about nutrition and physical activity and then were involved in three game sessions. Two multiple-choice questionnaires were administered at the beginning and at the end of the trail. The following scores were measured: nutrition behavior score (NTs), physical activity behavior score (PAs) and delta score (Ds). Wilcoxon, T-test and Mann Whitney were used to perform the univariate analysis. RESULTS A total number of 74 and 76 children participated in the physical activity and nutrition interventions. NTs was 4.17 (SD: 2.23) before and 5.03 (SD: 2.79) after the intervention (P = 0.005). PAs was 27.4 (SD: 9.6) before and 30.5 (SD: 10.7) after the intervention (P = 0.003). No significant differences were obtained comparing males and females for all scores. Ds was 0.86 for nutrition and 3.1 for physical activity. Univariate analysis of Delta scores obtained no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS The present results confirm the effectiveness of 'GiochiAMO' to change nutrition and physical activity behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D'Egidio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - L Lia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - A Sinopoli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - I Backhaus
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - A Mannocci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - R Saulle
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - C Sestili
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Ra Cocchiara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - O Di Bella
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - T Yordanov
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Ms Mazzacane
- Istituto Comprensivo Fratelli Bandiera, Piazza Ruggero di Sicilia, 2 Roma
| | - G La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
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Rittsteiger L, Hinz T, Oriwol D, Wäsche H, Santos-Hövener C, Woll A. Sports participation of children and adolescents in Germany: disentangling the influence of parental socioeconomic status. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1446. [PMID: 34294081 PMCID: PMC8299646 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in sports and physical activity (PA) is a critical resource for children's health and social development. This study analyzes how the parental socioeconomic status (SES) of children and adolescents affects their PA in sports clubs (organized sports) and outside of sports clubs (unorganized sports) and tests whether the potential impact of parental SES is mediated by the opportunity structure of their residential area (walkability, infrastructure, etc.) and by family and peer support for PA. Furthermore, PA is analyzed respecting differences by gender and migration background. METHODS Using representative data from the MoMo/KiGGS study (2009-2012 and 2014-2017), we take into account about 8000 measurements from about 7000 subjects. We estimate hurdle regression models to analyze the minutes per week spent on sports activities. RESULTS Results show that children with a higher parental SES, children living in areas with many opportunities for PA, and children receiving family and peer support are more physically active than children without these features. Controlled for opportunities and support, status effects are small but visible. The differences regarding parental SES are much more apparent for organized sports than for unorganized sports, indicating the relevance of economic resources. Boys are more active than girls, whereas there is no clear effect of migration background. CONCLUSIONS The coefficient of parental SES on organized sports most probably relates to the resources needed to participate in sports clubs, including fees and equipment. Lower membership fees might potentially help to integrate children with low parental SES into sports clubs and thereby make organized sports more accessible to all social classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Rittsteiger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Hinz
- Department for History and Sociology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Doris Oriwol
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hagen Wäsche
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Woll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Sports and Sports Science (IfSS), Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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An Interaction Path of Mothers' and Preschoolers' Food- and Physical Activity-Related Aspects in Disadvantaged Sicilian Urban Areas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062875. [PMID: 33799751 PMCID: PMC7998198 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: The relationship between mothers and their children’s lifestyle is still unclear, especially in disadvantaged areas. Consequently, the study aims to identify a path explaining the extent to which maternal eating habits and physical activity (PA) level predict food-related aspects, PA practice and Quotient of Gross Motor Development (QGMD) in preschoolers from disadvantaged urban areas. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 79 dyads of mothers and children were recruited from kindergartens. Information related to family socio-demographic aspects, mothers’ and children’s dietary intake frequencies and PA/sedentariness, mothers’ weight and height, mothers’ perception on children’s food intake, and children’s food literacy (FL) was collected with a questionnaire and the Food Literacy Assessment Tool (preschool-FLAT), while gross-motor skills were measured with the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD); weight and height of children were directly collected. Results: Associations were found between mothers’ and children’s food habits; mothers’ and children’s fruit/vegetables consumption, and intake of the other items; mothers’ education or PA level and children’s FL; mothers’ PA or sedentariness and children’s QGMD; mothers’ BMI and food habits and children’s BMI; education and food habits. Conclusions: These findings can be useful to plan effective interventions targeted both to preschoolers and their mothers of disadvantaged urban areas for promoting healthy lifestyles, which have become increasingly difficult to achieve during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Sigmundová D, Badura P, Sigmund E. Parent-child dyads and nuclear family association in pedometer-assessed physical activity: A cross-sectional study of 4-to-16-year-old Czech children. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:1314-1325. [PMID: 33045931 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1833086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to examine familial aggregation in pedometer-assessed physical activity (PA) and proxy-reported screen time (ST) with estimating which of the parents' lifestyle indicators help their offspring achieve step count (SC) recommendations under daily life conditions. The analysis included 773 parent-child dyads (591 mother-child, 182 father-child) and 511 nuclear family triads (mother-father-child) with data ambulatory PA monitored with a Yamax pedometer during a regular school/working week during the spring and autumn between 2013 and 2019. Based on Logistic regression analysis, an achievement of 10,000 steps a day by the mothers significantly (p < 0.001) increases the odds ratio of their children reaching the recommended daily SC in the parent-child dyads. Obesity/overweight of mothers (fathers) significantly (p < 0.05) increases (reduces) the chance of their children reaching the recommended daily SC in the analysis of the nuclear family triads. For both overweight/obese and non-overweight children, the odds of reaching the recommended daily SC are significantly (p < 0.05) increased by their regular participation (≥ twice per week) in organised leisure-time PA (analysis of the nuclear family triads) and non-excessive entertainment ST (≤2 h per day) in the mother-child and nuclear family triads. Despite the different mother-/father-child behavioural associations, SC of parents are positively associated with SC of their children (Linear regression analysis). The involvement of children in regular participation in organised leisure activities (at least twice a week) and limiting their excessive entertainment ST might be important factors contributing to the achievement of the recommended daily SC by children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Sigmundová
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Badura
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Sigmund
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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15
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Are the Parents' and Their Children's Physical Activity and Mode of Commuting Associated? Analysis by Gender and Age Group. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186864. [PMID: 32962197 PMCID: PMC7558568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Some studies have reported a positive parent–child association between physical activity (PA), but few have examined the difference in these associations concerning both genders. The objective of this study was to establish the association between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and mode of commuting (MC) of the parents with their children by gender and age group. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 686 mothers and fathers (43.4 ± 6.5 years old) and their children (children 9.7 ± 1.7 y. and adolescents 14.0 ± 1.7 y.). Each participant completed a questionnaire on PA and MC. Chi-square test, odds ratio for categorical variables, and lineal regressions for continuous variables were used to examine the parent–child associations. Results: An inverse association was found between fathers–children in the weekend MVPA in children and between mothers–adolescents in out-of-school and weekend MVPA. An inverse association was found in MVPA between mothers-girls, and the different parents’ MC to work was positively associated with the MC to school in children and adolescents except for the association AC parents–adolescents. The AC was mainly associated between mothers and girls and boys. Conclusions: A weak association in parent–child MVPA but a strong association in MC between parent–child was found.
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16
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Peral-Suárez Á, Cuadrado-Soto E, Perea JM, Navia B, López-Sobaler AM, Ortega RM. Physical activity practice and sports preferences in a group of Spanish schoolchildren depending on sex and parental care: a gender perspective. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:337. [PMID: 32635918 PMCID: PMC7339494 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity plays an important role in the maintenance of health, and it is especially important during childhood. However, the lack of information about differences in physical activity practice and sports preferences of children considering gender differences can result in non-effective policies that enhance inequalities between sexes. The aim of this study is to identify the sports preferences of Spanish schoolchildren and their physical activity practice behaviors depending on their sex and their parental care, analyzing the possible differences from a gender perspective. METHOD Three hundred sixty-four Spanish schoolchildren (179 girls, 185 boys) participated in this cross-sectional study. A daily physical activity questionnaire was used to evaluate physical activity level (PAL), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sports preferences and a socio-health questionnaire were used to collect data about parental care. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and applying Student's T-test for normal variables, Mann-Whitney U-test for non-parametrical variables, and chi-square (χ2) test for categorical variables. Subsequently, odds ratios were used to analyze associations between the physical activity practice of the children and parental care. RESULTS PAL and time spent in MVPA was significantly lower for girls compared to boys (1.44 ± 0.07 vs. 1.46 ± 0.07, p < 0.001 and 0.74 ± 0.40 h/day vs. 0.90 ± 0.45 h/day; p < 0.001, respectively). Dancing, rhythmic gymnastics, skating, and water sports were practiced more by girls, while football, wrestling sports, handball, and racket sports were practiced more by boys (p < 0.05). Children cared for by their fathers had higher odds for physical activity practice (OR = 1.995 (1.202-3.310), p = 0.008). CONCLUSION Physical activity among girls was less frequent and less intense. Girls opted for individual sports with artistic connotations, while boys often practiced more team contact sports. Furthermore, children are more physically actives when their father is in charge of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- África Peral-Suárez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Cuadrado-Soto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Perea
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science at Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group VALORNUT-UCM (920030), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Navia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group VALORNUT-UCM (920030), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. López-Sobaler
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group VALORNUT-UCM (920030), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Ortega
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group VALORNUT-UCM (920030), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Petersen TL, Møller LB, Brønd JC, Jepsen R, Grøntved A. Association between parent and child physical activity: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:67. [PMID: 32423407 PMCID: PMC7236180 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood represents an important life stage for establishment of physical activity (PA) habits. Parents are assumed to play an important role in influencing children’s PA. Earlier reviews have mainly focused on parental modelling, encouragement, and support for PA, rather than the actual PA levels of parents. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to systematically summarize the evidence on the relationship between parent and child PA. Methods Papers were identified using electronic databases and manual searches of reference lists. Papers reporting on associations between objectively measured child PA and at least one measure of parental PA were included. The quality of the papers was assessed using a modified version of the ROBINS-I tool. For interpretation of the results across studies, we produced albatross plots for all studies combined and by age-groups, sex of the parents, sex of the child, methodology of assessment of parental PA, and type of PA. Results Thirty-nine papers were included with sample size of parent-child dyads ranging from 15 to 1267 (mean = 319 dyads, median = 227 dyads). The majority of studies were published from 2008 to 2018 and used accelerometry to assess PA. Most of the studies were classified as having moderate, serious, or critical risk of bias. The albatross plot for all studies combined showed that the clear majority of studies observed a positive relationship between parent and child PA. The plot suggested an average magnitude of correlation across studies to be around 0.13, and the overall impression was that this was fairly similar across child age-groups and gender of parent-child dyads. Studies using objective assessment of parental PA showed stronger relationship between parent and child PA compared with studies using self-report (average magnitude of correlation around 0.16 vs 0.04 respectively). No clear evidence was found for the strength of relationship being dependent on type of PA measure of parent and child (total PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA, steps), however, the relationship for light PA appeared weaker. Conclusion This systematic review showed that the clear majority of studies observed a weak positive relationship between parent and child PA regardless of age of the child, the gender of the parent-child dyad, and type of PA. Trial registration Registration in PROSPERO: CRD42019093462.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Lockenwitz Petersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark. .,Lolland-Falster Health Study, Centre for Epidemiological Research, Nykøbing F. Hospital, Fjordvej 15, 4800, Nykøbing F, Denmark. .,University College Absalon, Region Zealand, Bispegade 5, 4800, Nykøbing F, Denmark.
| | - Liselotte Bang Møller
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Nykøbing F. Hospital, Fjordvej 15, Nykøbing F, 4800, Denmark
| | - Jan Christian Brønd
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Randi Jepsen
- Lolland-Falster Health Study, Centre for Epidemiological Research, Nykøbing F. Hospital, Fjordvej 15, 4800, Nykøbing F, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
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18
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Börjesson U, Wigren M, Billhult A, Nordeman L, Gunnarsson R. Providing Mothers with a Pedometer and Subsequent Effect on the Physical Activity of Their Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Children with Obesity. Child Obes 2020; 16:20-25. [PMID: 31580727 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2019.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity continues to rise, particularly among children, and is one of the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century. Physical activity may reduce weight and increase well-being. A pedometer study from the United States, Australia, and Sweden showed that boys need to walk 15,000 steps/day, and girls 12,000 steps/day to maintain a healthy profile. Research shows children with obesity have limited physical activity and they may need parent support to increase their physical activity level. Objective: The aim of this randomized controlled study was to estimate the effect of mothers using pedometers on their children's daily number of steps. Methods: Children/adolescents aged 6-16 years were included and all of them received a pedometer and a step diary. In the intervention group, their mothers received pedometers but not so in the control group. Fifty children were randomized and 32 could be followed-up for 24 weeks. There was no difference in outcome between groups in intention to treat analysis. A complete case analysis showed that the intervention group increased their daily steps (2400, 95% confidence interval 430-4500) compared with the control group (p = 0.019). Conclusions: Involving and activating mothers may increase the children and adolescent's physical activity if implemented more successfully than was done in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margareta Wigren
- Region Västra Götaland Närhälsan, Research and Development Primary Health Care, Research and Development Center Södra Älvsborg, Borås, Sweden
| | - Annika Billhult
- Faculty of Caring Sciences, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Lena Nordeman
- Region Västra Götaland Närhälsan, Research and Development Primary Health Care, Research and Development Center Södra Älvsborg, Borås, Sweden.,Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ronny Gunnarsson
- Region Västra Götaland Närhälsan, Research and Development Primary Health Care, Research and Development Center Södra Älvsborg, Borås, Sweden.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Corr M, McMullen J, Morgan PJ, Barnes A, Murtagh EM. Supporting Our Lifelong Engagement: Mothers and Teens Exercising ( SOLE MATES); a feasibility trial. Women Health 2019; 60:618-635. [PMID: 31709910 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2019.1688446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the feasibility of the Supporting Our Lifelong Engagement; Mothers and Teens Exercising (SOLE MATES) program. SOLE MATES, a single-arm six-week feasibility trial, comprised six face-to-face sessions. Participants were mothers (n = 27) with daughters (n = 31) aged 12-16 years. Data were collected in Ireland between January 2018 and March 2018. Feasibility benchmarks examined recruitment, data collection, acceptability, resources and participant responses. The primary outcome was daughters' step counts, measured via sealed pedometer for seven consecutive days at baseline and six weeks. Secondary outcomes included mothers' step counts, measures of communication, co-participation in activity, health-related quality of life and parenting practices. Feasibility benchmarks were reached or exceeded, except for retention. Eligibility rates were 93.4%, and baseline activity levels were low. Program content, measures and facilitators were acceptable, demonstrated through a mean score of 4.14 (SD 0.3) on a 5-point Likert Scale. Daily steps increased in mothers (2,875 increase, p = .009) and daughters (1,393 increase, p = .007). Positive feasibility metrics demonstrated the program's appeal. Participant responses for outcome measures also indicated program success. However, the relatively homogenous sample and relatively poor initial participation rate were study limitations. The intervention should be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méabh Corr
- Department of Arts Education and Physical Education, Mary Immaculate College, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jaimie McMullen
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado , Greeley, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip J Morgan
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, Australia
| | - Alyce Barnes
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, Australia
| | - Elaine M Murtagh
- Department of Arts Education and Physical Education, Mary Immaculate College, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
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20
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Rhodes RE, Spence JC, Berry T, Faulkner G, Latimer-Cheung AE, O’Reilly N, Tremblay MS, Vanderloo L. Parental support of the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth: prevalence and correlates. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1385. [PMID: 31660925 PMCID: PMC6816147 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the prevalence of parental support for meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth, identify key interactive support profiles among the four movement behaviors, and investigate subsequent sociodemographic and social cognitive correlates of these profiles. METHODS A sample of Canadian parents (N = 1208) with children aged 5 to 17 years completed measures of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and support of the four child movement behaviors via questionnaire. Differences in the proportion of parents supporting these four health behaviors were explored and demographic and social cognitive (attitude and perceived control) correlates of combinations of parental support for the four health behaviors were evaluated. RESULTS Child and youth sleep behavior had the highest parental support (73%) and moderate to vigorous physical activity support had the lowest prevalence (23%). Interactive profiles of the four movement behaviors yielded six primary clusters and comprised wide variation from parents who supported none of these behaviors (19%), to parents who supported all four behaviors (14%). These profiles could be distinguished by the age of the child (younger children had higher support) and the gender of the parent (mothers provided more support), as well as constructs of the TPB, but TPB cognitions were more specific predictors of each health behavior rather than general predictors of aggregate health behavior clusters. CONCLUSIONS Teenagers and fathers may represent key targets for parental support intervention of the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines. Intervention content may need to comprise the underlying foundations of attitude and perceived behavioral control to change parental support while considering the unique features of each health behavior to maximize related intervention effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E. Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | | | | | - Guy Faulkner
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | | | | | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
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Kruk M, Zarychta K, Horodyska K, Boberska M, Scholz U, Radtke T, Luszczynska A. From enjoyment to physical activity or from physical activity to enjoyment? Longitudinal associations in parent–child dyads. Psychol Health 2018; 33:1269-1283. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2018.1489049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kruk
- Wroclaw Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Zarychta
- Wroclaw Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Horodyska
- Wroclaw Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Boberska
- Wroclaw Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urte Scholz
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theda Radtke
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Luszczynska
- Wroclaw Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
- University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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22
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Objectively measured physical activity in population-representative parent-child pairs: parental modelling matters and is context-specific. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1024. [PMID: 30119661 PMCID: PMC6098593 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence for the context-specific influence of parental modelling on physical activity (PA) in childhood remains inconclusive. This nationwide Swiss study assessed the cross-sectional association between objectively measured PA of parents and their children and whether it varied across different levels of sociodemographic and environmental factors. In a second step a structural equation-model (SEM) was used to assess, whether associations between children’s PA and sociodemographic and environmental factors are mediated by the parental PA behaviour. Methods The population-based sample of the SOPHYA-study consisted of 889 children aged 6 to 16 years living in Switzerland and 1059 parents. PA was measured using accelerometers. Information on sociodemographics, sports behaviour, family characteristics, and perceived environment was obtained by telephone interview and parental questionnaire. Objective environmental data was allocated to each family’s residential address using GIS (geographic information system). A structural equation model tested these factors for both independent associations with children’s PA and associations mediated through the parental PA behaviour. Results Parental moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with MVPA of their children in general (p < 0.001). Correlations between parents’ and children’s MVPA were stronger for children aged 10–12 years and for those living in the Italian speaking part of Switzerland. An increase of 1 min of mother’s and of father’s MVPA was associated with 0.24 and 0.21 min more MVPA in children, respectively. Father’s PA was associated with that of their sons, but not with that of their daughters, whereas the association of mothers’ and children’s PA did not depend on the parent-offspring sex-match. The pathway analysis in our structural equation model showed direct effects on children’s MVPA as well as indirect effects mediated by the parental PA behaviour. Conclusions Parental modelling seems relevant for children’s PA, but not to the same degree in all children. Interventions focusing on strengthening parental PA behaviour for the promotion of PA in the young must consider additional contextual factors related to the socio-cultural and structural environment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5949-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Sigmund E, Sigmundová D, Badura P, Madarasová Gecková A. Health-related parental indicators and their association with healthy weight and overweight/obese children's physical activity. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:676. [PMID: 29855285 PMCID: PMC5984306 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although it is accepted that parents play a key role in forming children’s health behaviours, differences in parent-child physical activity (PA) have not previously been analysed simultaneously in random samples of families with non-overweight and overweight to obese preschool and school-aged children. This study answers the question which of the health-related parental indicators (daily step count (SC), screen time (ST), and weight status and participation in organized leisure-time PA) help their children achieve the step count recommendations. Methods A nationally representative sample comprising 834 families including 1564 parent-child dyads who wore the Yamax Digiwalker SW-200 pedometer for at least 8 h a day on at least four weekdays and both weekend days and completed a family log book (anthropometric parameters, SC, and ST). Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate whether parental achievement of the daily SC recommendation (10,000 SC/day), non-excessive ST (< 2 h/day), weight status, and active participation in organized PA were associated with children’s achievement of their daily SC (11,500 SC/day for pre-schoolers and 13,000/11,000 SC/day for school-aged boys/girls). Results While living in a family with non-overweight parents helps children achieve the daily SC recommendation (mothers in the model: OR = 3.50, 95% CI = 2.29–5.34, p < 0.001; fathers in the model: OR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.37–4.26, p < 0.01) regardless of their age category, gender, or ST, for families with overweight/obese children, only the mother’s achievement of the SC recommendations and non-excessive ST significantly (p < 0.05) increase the odds of their children reaching the daily SC recommendation. The active participation of children in organized leisure-time PA increases the odds of all children achieving the daily SC recommendations (OR = 1.80–2.85); however, for overweight/obese children this remains non-significant. The participation of parents in organized leisure-time PA does not have a significant relationship to the odds of their overweight/obese or non-overweight children achieving the daily SC recommendations. Conclusions The mother’s health-related behaviours (PA and ST) significantly affect the level of PA of overweight/obese preschool and school-aged children. PA enhancement programmes for overweight/obese children cannot rely solely on the active participation of children in organized leisure-time PA; they also need to take other family-based PA, especially at weekends, into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sigmund
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - D Sigmundová
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - P Badura
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Madarasová Gecková
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Safarik University, Košice, Slovakia.,Graduate School, Košice Institute for Society and Health, Safarik University, Košice, Slovakia
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24
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Chen R, Fall K, Czene K, Kennedy B, Valdimarsdóttir U, Fang F. Impact of parental cancer on IQ, stress resilience, and physical fitness in young men. Clin Epidemiol 2018; 10:593-604. [PMID: 29872348 PMCID: PMC5973433 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s152210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A parental cancer diagnosis is a stressful life event, potentially leading to increased risks of mental and physical problems among children. This study aimed to investigate the associations of parental cancer with IQ, stress resilience, and physical fitness of the affected men during early adulthood. Materials and methods In this Swedish population-based study, we included 465,249 men born during 1973–1983 who underwent the military conscription examination around the age of 18 years. We identified cancer diagnoses among the parents of these men from the Cancer Register. IQ, stress resilience, and physical fitness of the men were assessed at the time of conscription and categorized into three levels: low, moderate, and high (reference category). We used multinomial logistic regression to assess the studied associations. Results Overall, parental cancer was associated with higher risks of low stress resilience (relative risk ratio [RRR]: 1.09 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.15]) and low physical fitness (RRR: 1.12 [95% CI 1.05–1.19]). Stronger associations were observed for parental cancer with a poor expected prognosis (low stress resilience: RRR: 1.59 [95% CI 1.31–1.94]; low physical fitness: RRR: 1.45 [95% CI 1.14–1.85]) and for parental death after cancer diagnosis (low stress resilience: RRR: 1.29 [95% CI 1.16–1.43]; low physical fitness: RRR: 1.40 [95% CI 1.23–1.59]). Although there was no overall association between parental cancer and IQ, parental death after cancer diagnosis was associated with a higher risk of low IQ (RRR: 1.11 [95% CI 1.01–1.24]). Conclusion Parental cancer, particularly severe and fatal type, is associated with higher risks of low stress resilience and low physical fitness among men during early adulthood. Men who experienced parental death after cancer diagnosis also have a higher risk of low IQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqing Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katja Fall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Kennedy
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Unnur Valdimarsdóttir
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sigmundová D, Badura P, Sigmund E, Bucksch J. Weekday-weekend variations in mother-/father-child physical activity and screen time relationship: A cross-sectional study in a random sample of Czech families with 5- to 12-year-old children. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:1158-1167. [PMID: 29792130 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1474951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the associations between these factors in a random sample of Czech families with preschool and school-aged children. A nationally representative sample comprised 185 families with preschool children and 649 families with school-aged children (dyads; both parents and child n = 365, mother and child n = 730, and father and child n = 469). The participants wore Yamax Digiwalker SW-200 pedometers at least four weekdays and both weekend days and completed family logbooks (anthropometric parameters, daily step counts (SC), and screen time (ST)). When a parent (fathers at weekends and mothers both on weekdays and at weekends) achieved 10,000 SC per day, their children were also significantly (OR = 2.93-6.06, 95% CI = 2.02-9.26) more likely to meet the daily SC recommendation. On the contrary, the involvement of fathers in organized leisure-time PA reduced their children's odds of meeting the SC recommendation on weekdays (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.31-0.89) and at weekends (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.24-0.72). The excessive ST of parents at weekends reduced the odds of their children meeting the SC recommendation (mother-child dyads: OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.26-0.72; father-child dyads: OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.37-1.06). High levels of parents' PA contribute to the achievement of the recommended daily PA in children on weekdays and at weekends. Excessive weekend ST of parents reduces their odds of their children achieving the recommended daily PA; however, the influence of parents' PA on their children's achieving the recommended daily PA is stronger than the inhibitory effect of ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Sigmundová
- a Faculty of Physical Culture , Institute of Active Lifestyle, Palacký University , Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Badura
- a Faculty of Physical Culture , Institute of Active Lifestyle, Palacký University , Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Erik Sigmund
- a Faculty of Physical Culture , Institute of Active Lifestyle, Palacký University , Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Jens Bucksch
- b Faculty of Natural and Human Sciences , Heidelberg University of Education , Heidelberg , Germany
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Lee EY, Hesketh KD, Rhodes RE, Rinaldi CM, Spence JC, Carson V. Role of parental and environmental characteristics in toddlers' physical activity and screen time: Bayesian analysis of structural equation models. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:17. [PMID: 29426324 PMCID: PMC5807771 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Guided by the Socialization Model of Child Behavior (SMCB), this cross-sectional study examined direct and indirect associations of parental cognitions and behavior, the home and neighborhood environment, and toddlers’ personal attributes with toddlers’ physical activity and screen time. Methods Participants included 193 toddlers (1.6 ± 0.2 years) from the Parents’ Role in Establishing healthy Physical activity and Sedentary behavior habits (PREPS) project. Toddlers’ screen time and personal attributes, physical activity- or screen time-specific parental cognitions and behaviors, and the home and neighborhood environment were measured via parental-report using the PREPS questionnaire. Accelerometry-measured physical activity was available in 123 toddlers. Bayesian estimation in structural equation modeling (SEM) using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm was performed to test an SMCB hypothesized model. Covariates included toddlers’ age, sex, race/ethnicity, main type of childcare, and family household income. Results In the SMCB hypothesized screen time model, higher parental barrier self-efficacy for limiting toddlers’ screen time was associated with higher parental screen time limiting practices (β = 0.451), while higher parental negative outcome expectations for limiting toddlers’ screen time was associated with lower parental screen time limiting practices (β = − 0.147). In turn, higher parental screen time limiting practices was associated with lower screen time among toddlers (β = − 0.179). Parental modeling of higher screen time was associated with higher screen time among toddlers directly (β = 0.212) and indirectly through the home environment. Specifically, higher screen time among parents was associated with having at least one electronic device in toddlers’ bedrooms (β = 0.146) and, in turn, having electronics in the bedroom, compared to none, was associated with higher screen time among toddlers (β = 0.250). Neighborhood safety was not associated with toddlers’ screen time in the SEM analysis. No significant correlations were observed between the SMCB variables and toddlers’ physical activity; thus, no further analyses were performed for physical activity. Conclusions Parents and their interactions with the home environment may play an important role in shaping toddlers’ screen time. Findings can inform family-based interventions aiming to minimize toddlers’ screen time. Future research is needed to identify correlates of toddlers’ physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Christina M Rinaldi
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G5, Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada.
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Potter M, Spence JC, Boulé NG, Stearns JA, Carson V. Associations between physical activity, screen time, and fitness among 6- to 10-year-old children living in Edmonton, Canada. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:487-494. [PMID: 28177727 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to describe fitness levels; examine associations between physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and fitness; and examine sex-moderating effects in a sample of children. Participants were 649 children (age, 7.8 ± 0.6 years; 52.4% female) from Edmonton, Canada. Hours/week of PA and ST were parent-reported. PA was also objectively measured with pedometers and expressed in increments of 1000 steps/day. Fitness components (i.e., vertical jump, sit-and-reach, waist circumference, grip strength, predicted maximal oxygen consumption, push-ups, partial curl-ups, overall fitness) were measured according to the Canadian Physical Activity, Fitness, and Lifestyle Approach protocols and expressed as z scores or low/high fitness. Positive associations were observed between PA and overall fitness for both the complete (subjective: β = 0.009, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.001-0.017) and partial (≥3 available fitness measures; subjective: β = 0.006, 95% CI: 0.000-0.011; objective: β = 0.025, 95% CI: 0.007-0.042) fitness scores. Subjective (β = 0.011, 95% CI: 0.000-0.022) and objective (β = 0.043, 95% CI: 0.008-0.078) PAs were positively associated with vertical jump. Children with higher objective PA were more likely to be in the high push-ups group (odds ratio = 1.156, 95% CI: 1.054-1.267). PA was positively associated with predicted maximal oxygen uptake (subjective: β = 0.040, 95% CI: 0.018-0.063; objective: β = 0.084, 95% CI: 0.012-0.157) and grip strength (subjective: β = 0.025, 95% CI: 0.011-0.040) in boys only. ST was negatively associated with grip strength (β = -0.016, 95% CI: -0.028 to -0.004) in boys. PA was associated with several components of fitness, especially in boys. However, few associations were observed between ST and fitness. Promoting regular PA in young children may address declining fitness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Potter
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Normand G Boulé
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Jodie A Stearns
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
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