1
|
Ratcliff K, Hilton CL, Fingerhut PE, Jin Y, Hong I. Relationship between Emotional Support for Parents and Autistic Children's Participation in Social and Physical Activities. Occup Ther Health Care 2024; 38:651-665. [PMID: 37585721 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2023.2243513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if parents receiving emotional support is positively correlated with children's participation in physical and social activities and if such a correlation exists between parental emotional support in children labeled as autistic. Data were drawn from 30,501 children aged 6 to 17 years in the 2020 National Survey of Children's Health database and analyzed using a retrospective cross-sectional approach based on multivariate linear regression models. Results showed parental emotional support was statistically significantly correlated with children's physical and social activity in the total sample but was not significant for the emotional support of parents with autistic children. The findings suggest that other issues must be considered as contributing factors for parents of autistic children in relation to social and physical activity participation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Ratcliff
- Occupational Therapy Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia L Hilton
- Occupational Therapy Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia E Fingerhut
- Occupational Therapy Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yeonju Jin
- Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ickpyo Hong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lévesque-Vézina C, Lapointe M. Health and wellbeing benefits of urban forests in winter: a narrative review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38879884 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2363469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Urban trees and green spaces, hereafter, urban forests, are known to contribute to human health and wellbeing. However, research has predominantly focused on warm seasons. To understand whether these benefits extend to winter months, when vegetation is dormant, we conducted a narrative review of the health outcomes associated with urban forests in winter in cities with cold climates. We synthesized findings from 21 studies originating from Asia, Europe and North America. The most studied health outcomes were mental health, physical activity and physiological relaxation, all showing a positive relationship with urban forest exposure. These finding appear similar to those observed in warmer seasons. However, more studies are needed, on a diversity of health outcomes, to draw more robust conclusions in this emerging research field. Future research on urban forests should therefore consider winter and the effect of seasonality to improve health and wellbeing of urban dwellers in all seasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Lapointe
- Quebec National Institute of Public Health (INSPQ), Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lozano PM, Bobb JF, Kapos FP, Cruz M, Mooney SJ, Hurvitz PM, Anau J, Theis MK, Cook A, Moudon AV, Arterburn DE, Drewnowski A. Residential Density Is Associated With BMI Trajectories in Children and Adolescents: Findings From the Moving to Health Study. AJPM FOCUS 2024; 3:100225. [PMID: 38682047 PMCID: PMC11046231 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2024.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Introduction This study investigates the associations between built environment features and 3-year BMI trajectories in children and adolescents. Methods This retrospective cohort study utilized electronic health records of individuals aged 5-18 years living in King County, Washington, from 2005 to 2017. Built environment features such as residential density; counts of supermarkets, fast-food restaurants, and parks; and park area were measured using SmartMaps at 1,600-meter buffers. Linear mixed-effects models performed in 2022 tested whether built environment variables at baseline were associated with BMI change within age cohorts (5, 9, and 13 years), adjusting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, Medicaid, BMI, and residential property values (SES measure). Results At 3-year follow-up, higher residential density was associated with lower BMI increase for girls across all age cohorts and for boys in age cohorts of 5 and 13 years but not for the age cohort of 9 years. Presence of fast food was associated with higher BMI increase for boys in the age cohort of 5 years and for girls in the age cohort of 9 years. There were no significant associations between BMI change and counts of parks, and park area was only significantly associated with BMI change among boys in the age cohort of 5 years. Conclusions Higher residential density was associated with lower BMI increase in children and adolescents. The effect was small but may accumulate over the life course. Built environment factors have limited independent impact on 3-year BMI trajectories in children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Maria Lozano
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer F. Bobb
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Flavia P. Kapos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Maricela Cruz
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen J. Mooney
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Philip M. Hurvitz
- Urban Form Lab, Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Studies in Demography & Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jane Anau
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary Kay Theis
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrea Cook
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anne Vernez Moudon
- Urban Form Lab, Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David E. Arterburn
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mokhtari Dinani M, Moslehi L, Aghaei N. Transforming leisure time physical activity into a habit through social institutions. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38630621 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2024.2340533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity is a positive health behavior that has been shown to reduce the risk of physical and mental illnesses; There's strong evidence suggesting that Physical activity, as one of the components of a healthy lifestyle, if transformed into a consistent behavior or habit early in life, becomes easier to sustain throughout the lifecycle and leads to valuable outcomes for the society's health in various physical, mental, and social dimensions. Each social institution, considering its unique role and characteristics, can contribute to shaping individuals' behaviors in societies. Consequently, identifying the role of social institutions in the development of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) as a regular activity and a behavioral habit can result in the selection and implementation of highly effective intervention strategies. Therefore, this research aimed to present a model of the role of social institutions in institutionalizing leisure-time physical activity among Iranian adolescent girls. To collect data, the questionnaires were employed, and for presenting the model, structural equation modeling was utilized. Data analysis showed that the role of three social institutions in the institutionalization of physical activities including habituation, objectification and sedimentation was confirmed, although sedimentation was confirmed in all three institutions at the 0.05 level, which indicates that factors in this area can be investigated. Examining the role of social institutions in institutionalizing behaviors may vary across different ages and genders, which is open to investigation in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mokhtari Dinani
- Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Moslehi
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najaf Aghaei
- Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hazlehurst MF, Hajat A, Tandon PS, Szpiro AA, Kaufman JD, Tylavsky FA, Hare ME, Sathyanarayana S, Loftus CT, LeWinn KZ, Bush NR, Karr CJ. Associations of residential green space with internalizing and externalizing behavior in early childhood. Environ Health 2024; 23:17. [PMID: 38331928 PMCID: PMC10851463 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green space exposures may promote child mental health and well-being across multiple domains and stages of development. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between residential green space exposures and child mental and behavioral health at age 4-6 years. METHODS Children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) cohort in Shelby County, Tennessee, were parent-reported on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). We examined three exposures-residential surrounding greenness calculated as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), tree cover, and park proximity-averaged across the residential history for the year prior to outcome assessment. Linear regression models were adjusted for individual, household, and neighborhood-level confounders across multiple domains. Effect modification by neighborhood socioeconomic conditions was explored using multiplicative interaction terms. RESULTS Children were on average 4.2 years (range 3.8-6.0) at outcome assessment. Among CANDLE mothers, 65% self-identified as Black, 29% as White, and 6% as another or multiple races; 41% had at least a college degree. Higher residential surrounding greenness was associated with lower internalizing behavior scores (-0.66 per 0.1 unit higher NDVI; 95% CI: -1.26, -0.07) in fully-adjusted models. The association between tree cover and internalizing behavior was in the hypothesized direction but confidence intervals included the null (-0.29 per 10% higher tree cover; 95% CI: -0.62, 0.04). No associations were observed between park proximity and internalizing behavior. We did not find any associations with externalizing behaviors or the attention problems subscale. Estimates were larger in neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic opportunity, but interaction terms were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our findings add to the accumulating evidence of the importance of residential green space for the prevention of internalizing problems among young children. This research suggests the prioritization of urban green spaces as a resource for child mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marnie F Hazlehurst
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Anjum Hajat
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pooja S Tandon
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Public Health, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frances A Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Marion E Hare
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Seattle Children's Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine; Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Isma GE, Rämgård M, Enskär K. Perceptions of health among school-aged children living in socially vulnerable areas in Sweden. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1136832. [PMID: 37483930 PMCID: PMC10359979 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1136832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction According to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, all children have the right to health. Since good health is a decisive factor for children's future, investing in children's health is important, especially children from vulnerable areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of health among school-aged children from socially vulnerable areas. Methods The study has an explorative mixed-method design with a participatory and inductive approach based on focus group interviews with children and youth leaders, respectively, at Multi-activity Centers in three of the vulnerable areas in Malmö Municipality, as well as results from the Multi-activity Centers' own questionnaire. The data has been analyzed with inductive and deductive content analysis. Results The children and the youth leaders described health in terms of well-being, participation, and activity. Well-being included feeling good and safe, having a healthy body, and having fun by doing things together with friends and leaders. Participating in activities was described as having a feeling of involvement, being able to have an influence on the organization of the activities and participating on one's own terms. Discussion The result of this study shows that participating in activities increases the child's sense of well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella E. Isma
- Department of Care Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Research Program: Equal Health – Health Promotion Platform in Collaboration, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Margareta Rämgård
- Department of Care Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Research Program: Equal Health – Health Promotion Platform in Collaboration, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Enskär
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Motoki N, Morota H, Shibazaki T, Nakamura C, Nakazawa Y. Familial and lifestyle factors related to physical activity in elementary school students: a cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative survey in Japan. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:338. [PMID: 37400765 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The decrease in physical activity (PA) among children has become a global concern. Since the analysis of sociodemographic factors as determinants of exercise habits has been inconclusive, this study investigated the factors related to participation in organized sports and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) levels. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Sports-Life Survey conducted in 2019 by the Sasagawa Sports Foundation were used. Data on the gender, age, grade, annual household income, family members, and lifestyle habits of elementary school children as well as information on participation in organized sports and MVPA were collected by written questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to calculate the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for the association of each variable with participation in organized sports and frequent MVPA (≥ 60 min/day for ≥ 5 days/week). RESULTS A total of 1,197 participants were included in the analysis. Whereas 1,053 (88.2%) students expressed a like for PA, only 725 students (60.8%) actually took part in organized sports. Organized sports participation was significantly associated with gender, grade, population density, household income, daily breakfast, lower screen time, and frequent exercise with parents (all P < 0.05). We observed that 12.3% of participants met the frequent MVPA level, which was significantly related to lower screen time and exercise habits with parents (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Social and family factors may be strong determinants of engagement in PA among Japanese elementary school-aged children. Parental involvement appears particularly important for promoting PA among youths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Motoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Haruka Morota
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takumi Shibazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Chizuko Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Calcific aortic valve disease: mechanisms, prevention and treatment. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023:10.1038/s41569-023-00845-7. [PMID: 36829083 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common disorder affecting heart valves and is characterized by thickening, fibrosis and mineralization of the aortic valve leaflets. Analyses of surgically explanted aortic valve leaflets have shown that dystrophic mineralization and osteogenic transition of valve interstitial cells co-occur with neovascularization, microhaemorrhage and abnormal production of extracellular matrix. Age and congenital bicuspid aortic valve morphology are important and unalterable risk factors for CAVD, whereas additional risk is conferred by elevated blood pressure and plasma lipoprotein(a) levels and the presence of obesity and diabetes mellitus, which are modifiable factors. Genetic and molecular studies have identified that the NOTCH, WNT-β-catenin and myocardin signalling pathways are involved in the control and commitment of valvular cells to a fibrocalcific lineage. Complex interactions between valve endothelial and interstitial cells and immune cells promote the remodelling of aortic valve leaflets and the development of CAVD. Although no medical therapy is effective for reducing or preventing the progression of CAVD, studies have started to identify actionable targets.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pearson N, Griffiths P, van Sluijs E, Atkin AJ, Khunti K, Sherar LB. Associations between socioeconomic position and young people's physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the UK: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e051736. [PMID: 35501089 PMCID: PMC9062792 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the evidence on the associations between socioeconomic position and young people's physical activity and sedentary behaviours in the UK. DESIGN Scoping review. DATA SOURCES PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases were searched for articles published up to and including January 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Observational studies in children and adolescents (aged 5-18 years) from the UK that had assessed associations between at least one indicator of socioeconomic position and at least one outcome of physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were extracted by one reviewer and 20% were double checked. Indicators of socioeconomic position were tabulated with domains of physical activity and sedentary behaviour. RESULTS Fifty-seven publications were included in the review; 37 publications from 19 studies (k=23) of children and 21 publications from 15 studies (k=23) of adolescents. Most studies were cross-sectional. 63% of studies of children, and 40% of studies of adolescents assessed Index of Multiple Deprivation. Eighteen studies measured physical activity in children, 13 measured sedentary behaviour. Eleven studies of adolescents included a measure of physical activity, 10 included a measure of sedentary behaviour. Among children and adolescents, the association between socioeconomic position and measures of either physical activity or sedentary behaviour was highly variable depending on the measure of both socioeconomic position used and the behavioural outcome, with the exception of higher family affluence which was consistently associated with higher reported physical activity among adolescents. CONCLUSION Physical activity and sedentary behaviours of children and adolescents in the UK are complex and influenced by multiple indicators of socioeconomic position that are, in most cases, different across age stages, outcomes examined and measurement tools. Greater consistency in the use and measures of socioeconomic position as well as outcomes of behaviour are required for robust country-specific meta-analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Pearson
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Paula Griffiths
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Andrew J Atkin
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Lauren B Sherar
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen L, Xie J, Ma T, Chen M, Gao D, Li Y, Ma Y, Wen B, Jiang J, Wang X, Zhang J, Chen S, Wu L, Li W, Liu X, Dong B, Wei J, Guo X, Huang S, Song Y, Dong Y, Ma J. Greenness alleviates the effects of ambient particulate matter on the risks of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152431. [PMID: 34942264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Both ambient particulate matter (PM) and decrease of greenness have been suggested as risk factors for high blood pressure (HBP) in children and adolescents. But most evidence were from cross-sectional studies with limited data from prospective cohorts. In this cohort study, we included 588,004 children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years without HBP from 2005 to 2018 in Beijing (240,081) and Zhongshan (347,923) city of China. The cumulative incidence of HBP was 32.04%, and incidence rate was 14.86 per 100 person-year. After adjustment for confounders, the ten-unit increase in PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 exposure was significantly associated with 43%, 70%, and 43%- higher risks of HBP, respectively, but the 0.1-unit increase in NDVI exposure was significantly associated with a 25% lower risk of HBP. The HRs of PM1 on the HBP risk were 1.486 and 1.150 in the low and the high-level of greenness, and they were 2.635 and 2.507 for PM2.5, and for PM10 1.367 and 1.702 in the two groups. The attributable fraction (AFs) of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 on HBP incidents were 13.74%, 40.08%, and 15.47% in the low-level of greenness, which simultaneously was higher than those in the high-level of greenness (AF = 4.62%, 17.28%, and 9.96%). The exposure to higher ambient PM air pollution and lower greenness around schools were associated with a higher risk of HBP in children and adolescents, but higher greenness alleviated the adverse effects of ambient PM1 and PM2.5 on the HBP risks. Our findings highlighted a synergic strategy in preventing childhood HBP by decreasing air pollution reduction and improving greenness concurrently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junqing Xie
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tao Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Di Gao
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Wen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, USA
| | - Xijie Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China; Wanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Beijing Health Center for Physical Examination, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Beijing Health Center for Physical Examination, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangtong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sizhe Huang
- Zhongshan Health Care Centers for Primary and Secondary School, Zhongshan 528403, China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Associations between Children's Physical Activity and Neighborhood Environments Using GIS: A Secondary Analysis from a Systematic Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031033. [PMID: 35162057 PMCID: PMC8834090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Regular participation in physical activity is essential for children's physical, mental, and cognitive health. Neighborhood environments may be especially important for children who are more likely to spend time in the environment proximal to home. This article provides an update of evidence for associations between children's physical activity behaviors and objectively assessed environmental characteristics derived using geographical information system (GIS)-based approaches. A systematic scoping review yielded 36 relevant articles of varying study quality. Most studies were conducted in the USA. Findings highlight the need for neighborhoods that are well connected, have higher population densities, and have a variety of destinations in the proximal neighborhood to support children's physical activity behaviors. A shorter distance to school and safe traffic environments were significant factors in supporting children's active travel behaviors. Areas for improvement in the field include the consideration of neighborhood self-selection bias, including more diverse population groups, ground-truthing GIS databases, utilising data-driven approaches to derive environmental indices, and improving the temporal alignment of GIS datasets with behavioral outcomes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Fyfe-Johnson AL, Hazlehurst MF, Perrins SP, Bratman GN, Thomas R, Garrett KA, Hafferty KR, Cullaz TM, Marcuse EK, Tandon PS. Nature and Children's Health: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2021; 148:e2020049155. [PMID: 34588297 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-049155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Daily outdoor play is encouraged by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Existing evidence is unclear on the independent effect of nature exposures on child health. OBJECTIVE We systematically evaluated evidence regarding the relationship between nature contact and children's health. DATA SOURCES The database search was conducted by using PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsychInfo, ERIC, Scopus, and Web of Science in February 2021. STUDY SELECTION We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. In all searches, the first element included nature terms; the second included child health outcome terms. DATA EXTRACTION Of the 10 940 studies identified, 296 were included. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed. RESULTS The strongest evidence for type of nature exposure was residential green space studies (n = 147, 50%). The strongest evidence for the beneficial health effects of nature was for physical activity (n = 108, 32%) and cognitive, behavioral, or mental health (n = 85, 25%). Physical activity was objectively measured in 55% of studies, and 41% of the cognitive, behavioral, or mental health studies were experimental in design. LIMITATIONS Types of nature exposures and health outcomes and behaviors were heterogenous. Risk of selection bias was moderate to high for all studies. Most studies were cross-sectional (n = 204, 69%), limiting our ability to assess causality. CONCLUSIONS Current literature supports a positive relationship between nature contact and children's health, especially for physical activity and mental health, both public health priorities. The evidence supports pediatricians in advocating for equitable nature contact for children in places where they live, play, and learn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Fyfe-Johnson
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | | | | | - Gregory N Bratman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rick Thomas
- National Academy of Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kimberly A Garrett
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kiana R Hafferty
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tess M Cullaz
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | | | - Pooja S Tandon
- Pediatrics
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Examining Environmental Predictors of Community Participation for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:2531-2537. [PMID: 32939608 PMCID: PMC8167888 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A geographic information system (GIS) approach systematically assessed whether population density and distribution of community resources contributed to caregiver reported community participation outcomes for 124 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Regression analyses examined whether GIS measures predicted community participation in areas of social activities and use of services, while also accounting for adult age, conversation ability, and daily living skills (DLS). Results indicated that in addition to person factors of greater DLS and better conversation ability, access to specific community features, such as bus stops, contributed to improved participation. Unexpectedly, population density where one lived made minimal contribution to participation outcomes, except in getting together with friends outside of organized activities.
Collapse
|
14
|
Giles LV, Koehle MS, Saelens BE, Sbihi H, Carlsten C. When physical activity meets the physical environment: precision health insights from the intersection. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:68. [PMID: 34193051 PMCID: PMC8247190 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00990-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physical environment can facilitate or hinder physical activity. A challenge in promoting physical activity is ensuring that the physical environment is supportive and that these supports are appropriately tailored to the individual or group in question. Ideally, aspects of the environment that impact physical activity would be enhanced, but environmental changes take time, and identifying ways to provide more precision to physical activity recommendations might be helpful for specific individuals or groups. Therefore, moving beyond a "one size fits all" to a precision-based approach is critical. MAIN BODY To this end, we considered 4 critical aspects of the physical environment that influence physical activity (walkability, green space, traffic-related air pollution, and heat) and how these aspects could enhance our ability to precisely guide physical activity. Strategies to increase physical activity could include optimizing design of the built environment or mitigating of some of the environmental impediments to activity through personalized or population-wide interventions. CONCLUSIONS Although at present non-personalized approaches may be more widespread than those tailored to one person's physical environment, targeting intrinsic personal elements (e.g., medical conditions, sex, age, socioeconomic status) has interesting potential to enhance the likelihood and ability of individuals to participate in physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa V Giles
- School of Kinesiology, University of the Fraser Valley, 45190 Caen Ave, Chilliwack, British Columbia, V2R 0N3, Canada.
| | - Michael S Koehle
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Division of Sport & Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2553 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brian E Saelens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, and Seattle Children's Research Institute, 2001 Eighth Ave, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington, 98121, USA
| | - Hind Sbihi
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4R4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Chris Carlsten
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Legacy for Airway Health, 2775 Laurel Street, 7th Floor, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Virtual Reality Representations of Nature to Improve Well-Being amongst Older Adults: a Rapid Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6:464-485. [PMID: 33688575 PMCID: PMC7934124 DOI: 10.1007/s41347-021-00195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Poor well-being amongst older adults poses a serious health concern. Simultaneously, research shows that contact with nature can improve various facets of well-being, including physical, social, and mental well-being. However, nature is not always accessible for older adults due to mobility restrictions and related care needs that come with age. A promising strategy aims at bringing nature inside through pervasive technologies. However, so far, there is little academic understanding of essential nature characteristics, psychological processes involved, and means for implementation in practice. The current study used a three-folded rapid review to assess current understanding and strategies used for improving well-being for older adults through virtual reality representations of nature. Searches were performed across three databases, followed-up by content-based evaluation of abstracts. In total, a set of 25 relevant articles was identified. Only three studies specifically focus on digital nature as an intervention strategy for improving well-being amongst older adults. Although these studies provide useful starting points for the design and (technological) development of such environments, they do not generate understanding of how specific characteristics of virtual nature representations impact social well-being measures in particular, and of the underlying psychological processes involved. We conclude that follow-up research is warranted to close the gap between insights and findings from nature research, gerontology, health research, and human-technology interaction.
Collapse
|
16
|
Enskär K, Isma GE, Rämgård M. Safe environments-Through the eyes of 9-year-old schoolchildren from a socially vulnerable area in Sweden. Child Care Health Dev 2021; 47:57-69. [PMID: 32901974 PMCID: PMC7756529 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children are more vulnerable than adults to environmental risks. Also, children have little control over their environment. Unlike adults, they may be both unaware of risks and unable to make choices to protect their health. Children living in especially vulnerable areas might be even more at risk due to socio-economic factors, immigration and high crime rates. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the perceptions that schoolchildren from a socially vulnerable area have of safe environments. METHODS Fifty-two 9-year-old schoolchildren from a socially vulnerable area participated in this study. The data collection consisted of an environmental walk with photovoicing, followed by rating of the photos and a focus-group discussion elaborating on the photos and ratings. Six focus groups, with six to eight children in each group, were conducted and analysed using inductive content analysis. RESULTS The results show that, according to the children, places that they think are bright and beautiful, where they can do fun things with others and do not risk being exposed to danger, create safety. To increase safety, the children suggested cleaning up, making the environment beautiful with grass and flowers and painting it in nice colours. Furthermore, they suggested that building features that increase the opportunities to play and engage in activities together with others would improve safety and enhance protection and surveillance. CONCLUSIONS All children have the right to protection and safety. Therefore, it is important to create safe environments for all children by listening to children's own voices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Enskär
- Department of Care Science, Faculty of Health and SocietyMalmö UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Gabriella E. Isma
- Department of Care Science, Faculty of Health and SocietyMalmö UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Margaretha Rämgård
- Department of Care Science, Faculty of Health and SocietyMalmö UniversityMalmöSweden
- The Health Promotion Platform in CollaborationMalmö UniversityMalmöSweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Smith M, Cui J, Ikeda E, Mavoa S, Hasanzadeh K, Zhao J, Rinne TE, Donnellan N, Kyttä M. Objective measurement of children's physical activity geographies: A systematic search and scoping review. Health Place 2020; 67:102489. [PMID: 33302122 PMCID: PMC7883215 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically identify, map out, and describe geographical information systems (GIS)-based approaches that have been employed to measure children's neighborhood geographies for physical activity behaviors. Forty studies were included, most were conducted in the USA. Heterogeneity in GIS methods and measures was found. The majority of studies estimated children's environments using Euclidean or network buffers ranging from 100 m to 5 km. No singular approach to measuring children's physical activity geographies was identified as optimal. Geographic diversity in studies as well as increased use of measures of actual neighborhood exposure are needed. Improved consistency and transparency in reporting research methods is urgently required. Varied GIS measures of children's physical activity geographies were identified. Evidence was heterogeneous and predominantly from the USA. Most research used Euclidean or network buffers ranging from 100 m to 5 km. Larger buffer sizes (i.e., ≥800 m) performed better than smaller buffer sizes. No optimal approach to measuring children's activity geographies was determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melody Smith
- School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jianqiang Cui
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Erika Ikeda
- Centre for Diet & Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Suzanne Mavoa
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - Jinfeng Zhao
- School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Tiina E Rinne
- Active Life Lab, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Mikkeli, Finland.
| | - Niamh Donnellan
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Marketta Kyttä
- Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nordbø ECA, Raanaas RK, Nordh H, Aamodt G. Disentangling how the built environment relates to children's well-being: Participation in leisure activities as a mediating pathway among 8-year-olds based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Health Place 2020; 64:102360. [PMID: 32838885 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
There is scarce insight into the role of the built environment for children's subjective well-being. In an attempt to increase our knowledge on this matter, we conducted a cross-sectional study comprising 23,043 children from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Information about children's leisure activities and their moods and feelings were linked to geospatial data on green space, facilities and population density to assess whether these built characteristics are related to subjective well-being and if participating in leisure activities is a mediator in such relations. We found that children having a park and more playgrounds/sports fields in the neighborhood, as well as those living in more densely populated areas, had more depressive moods and negative feelings. However, participating in leisure-time physical activity, organized activities and social activity with friends mediated these relations and contributed to counterbalancing some of the negative associations observed. The findings suggest that planners and policy makers should focus on ensuring children have neighborhood resources and venues that could support engagement in leisure activities that add positive experiences for their subjective well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Charlott Andersson Nordbø
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Ruth Kjærsti Raanaas
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Helena Nordh
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Geir Aamodt
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Y, Wang X, Zhou S, Wu W. The association between spatial access to physical activity facilities within home and workplace neighborhoods and time spent on physical activities: evidence from Guangzhou, China. Int J Health Geogr 2020; 19:22. [PMID: 32563255 PMCID: PMC7305624 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-020-00216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban residents from the developing world have increasingly adopted a sedentary lifestyle and spend less time on physical activities (PA). Previous studies on the association between PA facilities and individuals' PA levels are based on the assumption that individuals have opportunities to use PA facilities within neighborhoods all day long, ignoring the fact that their willingness and opportunities to use nearby facilities depend on how much discretionary time (any time when people have a choice what to do) they have. Further, scant attention has been paid to the influence of PA facilities within both residential and workplace neighborhoods in the dense urban context. To address the above research gaps, this study investigated the links between the spatial access to PA facilities within home/workplace neighborhoods and time spent on PA among working adults, focusing on whether results were different when different measures of accessibility were used and whether participants' discretionary time over a week affected their time spent on PA. METHOD This study used data from a questionnaire survey (n = 1002) in Guangzhou between June and July 2017 and point of interest (POI) data from online mapping resources. Outcome variables included the amount of time spent on physical activity/moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity (PA/MVPA) over the past week. Home/workplace neighborhoods were measured as different distance buffers (500 m circular buffers, 1000 m circular buffers, and 1080 m network buffers) around each respondent's home/workplace. Spatial access to PA facilities was measured using two indicators: the counts of PA facilities and proximity to PA facilities within home/workplace neighborhoods. The amount of discretionary time was calculated based on activity log data of working day/weekend day from the Guangzhou questionnaire survey, and regression models were used to examine relationships between the spatial access of PA facilities, the time spent on PA/MVPA, and the amount of discretionary time, adjusted for covariates. Associations were stratified by gender, age, education, and income. RESULTS Using different measures of accessibility (the counts of and proximity to PA facilities) generated different results. Specifically, participants spent more time on PA/MVPA when they lived in neighborhoods with more PA facilities and spent more time on MVPA when worked in closer proximity to PA facilities. A larger amount of discretionary time was associated with more time spent on PA/MVPA, but it did not strengthen the relationship between access to PA facilities and PA/MVPA time. In addition, relationships between access to PA facilities and PA levels varied by gender, age, education, and income. CONCLUSION This study contributes to the knowledge of PA-promoting environments by considering both the home and workplace contexts and by taking into account the temporal attributes of contextual influences. Policymakers and urban planners are advised to take into account the workplace context and the temporal variability of neighborhood influences when allocating public PA facilities and public spaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Xiaoge Wang
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Suhong Zhou
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275 China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- College of Economics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jimenez MP, Wellenius GA, James P, Subramanian SV, Buka S, Eaton C, Gilman SE, Loucks EB. Associations of types of green space across the life-course with blood pressure and body mass index. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109411. [PMID: 32240843 PMCID: PMC9993347 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Green space has been associated with better health and well-being. However, most studies have been cross-sectional with limited long-term exposure data. Further, research is limited in what type of green space is beneficial for health. We conducted a longitudinal study to assess sensitive periods (birth, childhood or adulthood) of exposure to different types of green space in association with adult blood pressure and body mass index (BMI). Using longitudinal data from the New England Family Study (1960-2000) and multilevel regression analysis, we examined associations between time-varying markers of residential exposure to green space, and adult BMI, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (N = 517). We created three exposure metrics: distance, average area, and green space count in the neighborhood throughout the life-course. In adjusted models, living one mile farther away from a green space at birth was associated with a 5.6 mmHg higher adult SBP (95%CI: 0.7, 10.5), and 3.5 mmHg higher DBP (95%CI: 0.3, 6.8). One more green space in the neighborhood at birth was also associated with lower DBP (-0.2 mmHg, 95%CI: -0.4, -0.02) in adulthood. Finally, average area of green space was not associated with SBP, DBP nor BMI. Analysis by type of green space suggested that parks may be more relevant than playgrounds, cemeteries or golf courses. Our study suggests that the perinatal period may be a critical time-period where living closer to green spaces may lower hypertension risk in adulthood, but not obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia P Jimenez
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peter James
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S V Subramanian
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H, Chan School of Public Health, USA
| | - Stephen Buka
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Charles Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephen E Gilman
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric B Loucks
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|