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Zhang Y, Zhou L, Ren Y, Zhang H, Qiu W, Wang H. Assessment of serum vitamin D levels in children aged 0-17 years old in a Chinese population: a comprehensive study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12562. [PMID: 38821990 PMCID: PMC11143243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency pose global public health challenges, yet research on serum vitamin D levels in the 0-17-year-old age group in southeastern China remains limited. This study aimed to fill this gap by investigating serum 25(OH)D levels in children in the region aged 0-17 years, contributing crucial data for understanding vitamin D nutritional status. Liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) technology was used. Vitamin D testing was integrated into routine diagnostic procedures for 11,116 children in Wujiang District, Suzhou City. Among the 0-17-year age group, comprising 6348 boys and 4768 girls, the prevalence of serum 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency was 21.4% and 31.0%, respectively. The median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 29.72 ng/mL (21.84-39.84 ng/mL) in boys compared to 28.48 ng/mL (20.65-39.23 ng/mL) in girls. Seasonal variations were observed, with median serum 25(OH)D concentrations of 29.02 ng/mL (20.73-39.72 ng/mL) in spring, 28.79 ng/mL (21.53-39.37 ng/mL) in summer, 30.12 ng/mL (22.00-39.70 ng/mL) in autumn, and 28.58 ng/mL (19.97-39.46 ng/mL) in winter. Statistically significant differences were noted in the serum 25(OH)D levels during autumn and winter. In conclusion, the rate of adequate vitamin D levels in local children was 47.5%, revealing a relatively high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (21.4%) and insufficiency (31.0%), especially during the post-preschool period. Advocating for vitamin D supplementation in children is crucial for ensuring adequate vitamin D support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqiong Ren
- Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenna Qiu
- Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongying Wang
- Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Bouillon R, Antonio L, Narinx N. Vitamin D status in children. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024:S0021-7557(24)00037-8. [PMID: 38604241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Leen Antonio
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Narinx
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Benameur T. Seasonal Variations in 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels among Pediatric Patients Attending the Healthcare Centre. Nutrients 2024; 16:379. [PMID: 38337664 PMCID: PMC10856968 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an essential role in maintaining bone density, building the immune system, and regulating cell growth alongside other key biological functions. Limited data are available about the seasonal variation in vitamin D levels in the pediatric population in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to investigate the seasonal influence on the pediatric circulating levels of 25(OH)D. A total of 1790 pediatric outpatients who visited the University healthcare centre were included in this study. Overall, there was a noticeably high prevalence (69%) of both combined 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency. The highest mean serum concentration of 25(OH)D was recorded in summer (29 ng/mL) and autumn (27 ng/mL). The deficient and insufficient categories were predominant, accounting for 33% and 36%, respectively. Comparable patterns were recorded during autumn, winter, and spring. Interestingly, the 25(OH)D level was significantly associated with the four seasons (p = 0.001), with females having a higher prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in the spring and summer than males. Furthermore, only in autumn and winter, we found a significant association between gender and 25(OH)D status (p < 0.001 for both). Another association between nationality and the circulating levels 25(OH)D was found during autumn and winter (p < 0.001 and p = 0.01), respectively. In all seasons, age had a negative impact on serum (OH)D levels. However, this relationship was statistically significant (p < 0.05) only in summer, autumn, and winter. Gender was a significant predictor, with 25(OH)D levels in autumn and winter and an odds ratio of 1.67 in autumn and 2 in winter, indicating that being men had a positive influence on circulating 25(OH)D levels. There were highly significant differences in 25(OH)D concentrations among different age categories. The Saudi population experiences low levels of vitamin D, particularly in autumn and winter periods. This study showed that seasonality, age category, nationality, and gender influence vitamin D status, suggesting the need for tailored intervention and monitoring of 25(OH)D status to reach adequate levels of vitamin D. Healthcare practitioners and policymakers may consider the interplay between age, nationality, gender, and seasonal variations when addressing vitamin D status and a targeted supplementation approach for high-risk groups that may develop health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Benameur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Ayling K, Li R, Muhardi L, Melse-Boonstra A, Sun Y, Chen W, Kudla U. Systematic Literature Review of the Nutrient Status, Intake, and Diet Quality of Chinese Children across Different Age Groups. Nutrients 2023; 15:1536. [PMID: 36986271 PMCID: PMC10057142 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of comprehensive reports on nutrient deficiencies and dietary intake among various age groups of children in China. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the nutrient status, intake, and diet adequacy of Chinese children (0-18 years old). PubMed and Scopus were searched for literature published between January 2010 and July 2022. A systematic review approach with a quality assessment was performed to analyze 2986 identified articles in English and Chinese. Eighty-three articles were included in the analysis. In younger children, anemia and iron and Vitamin A deficiencies remain severe public health problems, despite high Vitamin A and adequate iron intake. In older children, a high prevalence of selenium; Vitamin A and D deficiencies; and inadequate intakes of Vitamins A, D, B, C, selenium, and calcium were reported. Intakes of dairy, soybeans, fruits, and vegetables were below recommended levels. High intakes of iodine, total and saturated fat, and sodium and low dietary diversity scores were also reported. As nutritional concerns vary with age and region, future nutrition interventions should be tailored accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Ayling
- Friesland Campina, 3818 LA Amersfoort, The Netherlands;
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Alida Melse-Boonstra
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ye Sun
- Friesland Campina Development Centre AMEA, Singapore 118261, Singapore
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Urszula Kudla
- Friesland Campina, 3818 LA Amersfoort, The Netherlands;
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Kuang L, Liang Z, Wang C, Lin T, Zhang Y, Zhu B. Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels in Children with Acute Respiratory Infections Caused by Respiratory Virus or Atypical Pathogen Infection. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061486. [PMID: 36986216 PMCID: PMC10056357 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to clarify the involvement of vitamin D status in virus or atypical pathogens infection in children with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). In this retrospective study, 295 patients with ARIs were attacked by a respiratory virus or a single atypical pathogen; 17 patients with ARIs induced by two pathogens, and 636 healthy children were included. Serum 25(OH)D levels of all children were measured. Oropharyngeal samples of the patients for viruses or atypical pathogens were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In our studies, 58.98% of the 295 single-infected subjects and 76.47% of the 17 co-infected subjects had 25(OH)D levels below the recommended 50.0 nmol/L; the mean 25(OH)D levels were 48.48 ± 19.91 nmol/L and 44.12 ± 12.78 nmol/L. Low serum 25(OH)D levels were remarkable in patients with one of seven viruses or atypical pathogens infected. These results were significantly different from those in the healthy group. There were no significant differences in 25(OH)D levels between single infection and co-infection groups. There were no differences in severity among means of 25(OH)D levels. Female or >6-year-old children patients with low serum 25(OH)D levels were more vulnerable to pathogenic respiratory pathogens. However, serum 25(OH)D levels may be related to the recovery of ARIs. These findings provide additional evidence for the development of strategies to prevent ARIs in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Kuang
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhuofu Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Changbing Wang
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Clinical Report. Optom Vis Sci 2022; 99:540-543. [DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Chen Z, Lv X, Hu W, Qian X, Wu T, Zhu Y. Vitamin D Status and Its Influence on the Health of Preschool Children in Hangzhou. Front Public Health 2021; 9:675403. [PMID: 34079788 PMCID: PMC8165265 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.675403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in children are global public health problems. However, few studies have focused on vitamin D status in healthy preschool children, especially in Asia. This study aimed to investigate vitamin D status and host-related factors in healthy preschool children in Hangzhou to analyze the impact of low vitamin D levels (<30 ng/mL) on health outcomes (obesity, early childhood caries, and respiratory tract infections). Methods: A total of 1,510 healthy children aged 24–72 months from 15 kindergartens in Hangzhou were included. Data on the children's gender, age, body mass index (BMI), caries, and blood samples available for vitamin D analysis were collected from June to August 2018. A total of 325 children aged 36–48 months took part in a survey on the frequency of respiratory tract infections in the last year. Results: The children's mean 25(OH)D level was 28.01 ± 7.29 ng/mL. A total of 11.4% of the children had vitamin D deficiency, and 52.6% had vitamin D insufficiency. Only 36.0% had vitamin D sufficiency. No significant difference was found by gender or BMI group. However, children in the obesity group had the highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the lowest 25(OH)D levels. A significant negative correlation was found between the 25(OH)D level and child age (r = −0.144, p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that the children’s 25(OH)D levels decreased by 0.17 ng/mL per month with age. In addition, children with low vitamin D levels might increase the risk of obesity and early childhood caries. Multiple linear regression indicated that the number of caries in children increased by 0.08 per 1-ng/mL decrease in the 25(OH)D level (β = −0.08, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is a serious problem among healthy preschool children in Hangzhou. Public health policies or interventions should be implemented to ensure that preschool children have adequate vitamin D to reduce the risk of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Chen
- Department of Child Health Care, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Lv
- Department of Teaching Office, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wensheng Hu
- Department of Child Health Care, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Qian
- Department of Child Health Care, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Child Health Care, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Department of Child Health Care, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital), Hangzhou, China
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Yu L, Ke HJ, Che D, Luo SL, Guo Y, Wu JL. Effect of Pandemic-Related Confinement on Vitamin D Status Among Children Aged 0-6 Years in Guangzhou, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:2669-2675. [PMID: 33239928 PMCID: PMC7682604 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s282495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pandemic-related confinement helps to contain the transmission of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) but restricts children’s exposure to sunlight, thereby possibly affecting their 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. This study aimed to examine the effect of COVID-19 measures on 25(OH)D levels in children. Patients and Methods This study included children who underwent health checks between March 1 and June 30, 2020, and those over the equivalent period during 2017–2019 (N = 3600). Children’s 25(OH)D levels and the proportion of children with vitamin D deficiency were compared between different observation periods. Results The mean serum 25(OH)D level was 84 ± 25nmol/L. The overall proportion of children with vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D level <50 nmol/L) was 4.6%. Home confinement led to an increase in the proportion of children aged 3–6 years with vitamin D deficiency during March 1–June 30, 2020 compared with the same months in previous years, and the most noticeable increase was found in March 2020. In children aged 3–6 years, 25(OH)D levels were lower in 2020 (65 ± 17nmol/L) than during 2017–2019, and the proportion of those with vitamin D deficiency was higher in 2020 (19.0%) than in previous years. Among children aged 0.5–1 and 1–3 years, 25(OH)D levels were higher (97 ± 25 nmol/L, 91 ± 27 nmol/L), while the proportion of children with vitamin D deficiency was lower in 2020 (2.3%, 3.0%) than during 2017–2019. Conclusion The 25(OH)D levels tended to decrease gradually with increasing age. Reduced sunlight exposure during confinement is associated with lower 25(OH)D levels among children aged 3–6 years. Therefore, vitamin D supplementation for children aged >3 years is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Children's Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jin Ke
- Department of Children's Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Che
- Department of Children's Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Lan Luo
- Department of Children's Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Children's Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Ling Wu
- Department of Children's Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Gallotti F, Lavelli V. The Effect of UV Irradiation on Vitamin D 2 Content and Antioxidant and Antiglycation Activities of Mushrooms. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081087. [PMID: 32784944 PMCID: PMC7464819 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushroom irradiation has been considered a sustainable process to generate high amounts of vitamin D2 due to the role of this vitamin for human health and of the global concerns regarding its deficient or inadequate intake. Mushrooms are also receiving increasing interest due to their nutritional and medicinal properties. However, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the effect of UV irradiation on mushroom bioactive compounds. In this study, two of the most cultivated mushroom species worldwide, Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus, were irradiated with UV-B, and the effect of processing was investigated on the contents of vitamin D2 as well as on antioxidant and antiglycation activities. UV irradiation increased vitamin D2 up to 57 µg/g d.w, which is an adequate level for the fortification of a number of target foods. UV irradiation decreased the antioxidant activity when measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6 trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl radical assay and the ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power assay, but did not decrease the mushroom’s ability to inhibit glycation of a target protein. These results open up a new area of investigation aimed at selecting mushroom species with high nutraceutical benefits for irradiation in order to maintain their potential properties to inhibit oxidative and glycation processes responsible for human diseases.
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