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Biswas RK, Chowdhury S, Hossain S, Chowdhury PB. Hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in Bangladesh: Evaluating role of physical activity from cross-sectional STEPS 2018 survey. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2243. [PMID: 38978766 PMCID: PMC11228104 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The objective of this study was to assess current condition of three noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)-diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia and vulnerable cohorts among adults in Bangladesh. Methods The STEPwise Approach to the NCD Risk Factor Surveillance survey of 2018 was analyzed to evaluate the association between NCDs and sociodemographic factors, levels of physical activity, and behavioral measurements. Complex survey weight-adjusted logistic models were fitted. Results From 6875 samples, prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were 27.3%, 9.8%, and 30.2%, respectively. The prevalence of the three NCDs were higher among older respondents. Low occupational activity with obese-BMI status people was more prone to NCDs. Lower prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was observed in Rangpur, Rajshahi, and Mymensingh, whereas lesser diabetes in Khulna region. Likelihood of NCDs were higher among highly educated, urban residents with low physical activity. Lesser physical activity, and lack of weight maintenance were found to be key factors in higher rates of NCDs in Bangladesh. Conclusion Greater education and less strenuous profession led to a higher chance of NCDs. Overall, physical activity and maintenance of weight seem to be factors driving higher rates of NCDs in Bangladesh. As a preventive measure against NCDs, an active lifestyle is to be encouraged, particularly to the most vulnerable cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raaj Kishore Biswas
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Srizan Chowdhury
- Institute of Statistical Research and TrainingUniversity of DhakaDhakaBangladesh
| | - Sorif Hossain
- Department of StatisticsNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
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Okyere J, Ayebeng C, Sakyi B, Dickson KS. Place of residence and blood sugar testing practices among men: insights from the 2021 Madagascar demographic and health survey. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1690. [PMID: 38918758 PMCID: PMC11197228 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2021, Madagascar had approximately 13,919 people living with diabetes, with 66.1% of cases being undiagnosed. The implication is that this population are at high risk of developing diabetes complications which will affect their quality of life. However, promoting the uptake of screening practices such as the blood glucose test among the asymptomatic population would offer a chance to reduce the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in the country. This study examined the association between place of residence and blood sugar testing practices among men in Madagascar. METHODS Secondary data from the men recode file of the 2021 Madagascar Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) was used. A sample of 9,035 were used for the analysis. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed in STATA version 14. The results are presented in adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Only 5.83% reported to have ever had their blood glucose/sugar tested by a health professional. Residing in rural areas was associated in lower likelihood of undergoing a test to check one's blood sugar level [AOR = 0.23; 95%CI = 0.19-0.28] compared to those in urban areas. This association remained consistent even after adjusting for the effects of covariates [AOR = 0.67; 95%CI = 0.52-0.86]. CONCLUSION We conclude that place of residence plays a significant role in influencing men's decision to test their blood glucose level. It is, therefore, imperative for the Madagascar Public Health Department to liaise with the government to bridge the rural-urban disparities in terms of accessibility to blood glucose testing services. Practically, this can be achieved by instituting community-based health services centers in the rural areas of Madagascar to mitigate the rural-urban disparities. Also, health education campaigns to raise men's awareness about the need to test their blood glucose level must necessarily target older men, those without formal education, those without health insurance, and men who have been diagnosed with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Okyere
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Castro Ayebeng
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Barbara Sakyi
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Xu W, Yang T, Zhang J, Li H, Guo M. Rhodiola rosea: a review in the context of PPPM approach. EPMA J 2024; 15:233-259. [PMID: 38841616 PMCID: PMC11147995 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-024-00367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A natural "medicine and food" plant, Rhodiola rosea (RR) is primarily made up of organic acids, phenolic compounds, sterols, glycosides, vitamins, lipids, proteins, amino acids, trace elements, and other physiologically active substances. In vitro, non-clinical and clinical studies confirmed that it exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune regulatory effects, balances the gut microbiota, and alleviates vascular circulatory disorders. RR can prolong life and has great application potential in preventing and treating suboptimal health, non-communicable diseases, and COVID-19. This narrative review discusses the effects of RR in preventing organ damage (such as the liver, lung, heart, brain, kidneys, intestines, and blood vessels) in non-communicable diseases from the perspective of predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine (PPPM/3PM). In conclusion, as an adaptogen, RR can provide personalised health strategies to improve the quality of life and overall health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Xu
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Jinyuan Zhang
- The Third People’s Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Heguo Li
- Department of Spleen, Stomach, Liver and Gallbladder, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Spleen, Stomach, Liver and Gallbladder, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Santos JV, Padron-Monedero A, Bikbov B, Grad DA, Plass D, Mechili EA, Gazzelloni F, Fischer F, Sulo G, Ngwa CH, Noguer-Zambrano I, Peñalvo JL, Haagsma JA, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Monasta L, Ghith N, Sarmiento-Suarez R, Hrzic R, Haneef R, O'Caoimh R, Cuschieri S, Mondello S, Kabir Z, Freitas A, Devleesschauwer B. The state of health in the European Union (EU-27) in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1374. [PMID: 38778362 PMCID: PMC11110444 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Union (EU) faces many health-related challenges. Burden of diseases information and the resulting trends over time are essential for health planning. This paper reports estimates of disease burden in the EU and individual 27 EU countries in 2019, and compares them with those in 2010. METHODS We used the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals for the whole EU and each country to evaluate age-standardised death, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates for Level 2 causes, as well as life expectancy and healthy life expectancy (HALE). RESULTS In 2019, the age-standardised death and DALY rates in the EU were 465.8 deaths and 20,251.0 DALYs per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. Between 2010 and 2019, there were significant decreases in age-standardised death and YLL rates across EU countries. However, YLD rates remained mainly unchanged. The largest decreases in age-standardised DALY rates were observed for "HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases" and "transport injuries" (each -19%). "Diabetes and kidney diseases" showed a significant increase for age-standardised DALY rates across the EU (3.5%). In addition, "mental disorders" showed an increasing age-standardised YLL rate (14.5%). CONCLUSIONS There was a clear trend towards improvement in the overall health status of the EU but with differences between countries. EU health policymakers need to address the burden of diseases, paying specific attention to causes such as mental disorders. There are many opportunities for mutual learning among otherwise similar countries with different patterns of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vasco Santos
- MEDCIDS, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
- Public Health Unit, ULS Santo António, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | | | - Diana Alecsandra Grad
- Department of Public Health, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
- RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dietrich Plass
- Department for Exposure Assessment and Environmental Health Indicators, Germany Environment Agency, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enkeleint A Mechili
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
- Department of Healthcare, Faculty of Public Health, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
| | | | - Florian Fischer
- Institute of Gerontological Health Services and Nursing Research, Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences, Weingarten, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sulo
- Centre for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Che Henry Ngwa
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - José L Peñalvo
- National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juanita A Haagsma
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek
- Department of Health Economics and Social Security, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nermin Ghith
- Research group for Childhood Cancer, Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suarez
- National School of Public Health. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine School, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Rok Hrzic
- Department of International Health, Maastricht University, Care and Public Health Research Institute - CAPHRI, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Haneef
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Injuries, Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Rónán O'Caoimh
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, College Road, Cork City, Ireland
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Mercy University Hospital, Grenville Place, Cork City, Ireland
| | - Sarah Cuschieri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Zubair Kabir
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alberto Freitas
- MEDCIDS, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent, Belgium
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Funuyet-Salas J, Martín-Rodríguez A, Pérez-San-Gregorio MÁ, Vale L, Robinson T, Anstee QM, Romero-Gómez M. Health-related quality of life in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-cultural study between Spain and the United Kingdom. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300362. [PMID: 38709751 PMCID: PMC11073709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear what biopsychosocial factors influence the impact of NAFLD on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and if these factors are equally important predictors between different nationalities. METHODS HRQoL (CLDQ) was measured in both Southern European (Spain, n = 513) and Northern European (United Kingdom -UK-, n = 224) cohorts of patients with NAFLD in this cross-sectional study. For each cohort, participant data were recorded on histological grade of steatohepatitis, stage of fibrosis and biopsychosocial variables. Regression analysis was used to explore which of these variables predicted HRQoL. Moderated mediation models were conducted using SPSS PROCESS v3.5 macro. RESULTS Participants with severe fibrosis reported more fatigue, systemic symptoms and worry, and lower HRQoL than those with none/mild fibrosis, regardless of place of origin. In addition, body mass index (BMI) and gender were found to be significant predictors of HRQoL in both Spanish and UK participants. Female gender was associated with worse emotional function, higher BMI and more fatigue, which predicted lower participants' HRQoL. UK participants showed more systemic symptoms and worry than Spanish participants, regardless of liver severity. The negative effects of gender on HRQoL through emotional function, BMI and fatigue were reported to a greater degree in UK than in Spanish participants. CONCLUSIONS UK participants showed a greater impairment in HRQoL as compared to Spanish participants. Higher fibrosis stage predicted lower HRQoL, mainly in the Spanish cohort. Factors such as female gender or higher BMI contributed to the impact on HRQoL in both cohorts of patients and should be considered in future multinational intervention studies in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agustín Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Pérez-San-Gregorio
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Luke Vale
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Health Economics Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Newcastle In Vitro Diagnostics Co-Operative and NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North East and North Cumbria, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Tomos Robinson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Health Economics Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin M. Anstee
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, UCM Digestive Diseases and Ciberehd, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Megerssa Y, Kune G, Nigatu M. Health-related quality of life and its predictors among hypertensive patients on follow up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: application of Tobit regression model. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:126. [PMID: 38702824 PMCID: PMC11069134 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life and its associated factors among hypertensive patients living in Ethiopia are not well studied. Therefore, this study aims to assess the level of health-related quality of life and its associated factors in hypertensive patients on follow-up in Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 339 hypertensive patients on follow-up at Yekatit 12 &Zewditu Hospitals. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using Euro Quality of Life Groups 5 Dimensions 5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) in combination with Euro Quality of Life Groups Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS). A multivariable Tobit regression model was employed to assess the association between EQ-5D-5L index, EQ-VAS, and potential predicting factors. RESULTS The median index value and EQ-VAS Scales score was 0.86 (IQR = 0.74, 0.94) and 69 (IQR = 55, 80) respectively. The proportion of participants reporting anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort problems was highest, while the fewest patients reported problems in the self-care dimension. Older, rural residents, low income, higher stages of hypertension, increased use of antihypertensive medications, and patients with an increased hospitalization rate scored lower on health-related quality of life than others. CONCLUSION Health-related quality of life among hypertensive patients attending public health hospitals in Addis Ababa is unacceptably poor. Emphasis should be given to patients with higher stages of hypertension, increased use of antihypertensive medications, and an increased hospitalization rate giving due focus to older, rural residents, and low-income patients to promote their health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordanos Megerssa
- Medical and Sales Representative at Beker General Business PLC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Guta Kune
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Mamo Nigatu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Sirili N, Kilonzi M, Kiwango G, Lengai E, Nandala R, Mwakawanga DL, Philipo EG, Thobias JM, Frumence G. Knowledge of non-communicable diseases and access to healthcare services among adults before and during COVID-19 pandemic in rural Tanzania. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1342885. [PMID: 38605870 PMCID: PMC11008714 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1342885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected access to healthcare services, particularly among individuals living with Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) who require regular healthcare visits. Studies suggest that knowledge about a specific disease is closely linked to the ability to access services for that condition. In preparation for the future, we conducted the study to assess knowledge of NCDs and access to healthcare services among adults residing in rural areas before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in rural Tanzania in October 2022, a few months after the end of the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 689 community residents participated in the study. The level of knowledge of NCDs was assessed using an 11-item Likert questionnaire, which was later dichotomized into adequate and inadequate levels of knowledge. In addition, access to healthcare was assessed before and during the pandemic. We summarized the results using descriptive statistics and logistic regression was applied to determine factors associated with adequate levels of knowledge of NCDs. All statistical tests were two-sided; a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. All data analyses were performed using SPSS. Results Among 689 participants, more than half 369 (55%) had adequate knowledge of whether a disease is NCD or not; specifically, 495 (73.8%), 465 (69.3%), and 349 (52%) knew that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and stroke are NCDs while 424 (63.2%) know that UTI is not NCD. Of the interviewed participants, 75 (11.2%) had at least one NCD. During the COVID-19 pandemic the majority 57 (72.2%) accessed healthcare services from nearby health facilities followed by traditional healers 10 (12.7%) and community drug outlets 8 (10.1%). Residence and education level were found to be significantly associated with knowledge of NCDs among participants. Conclusion The study revealed that the community has a moderate level of knowledge of NCDs, and during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreaks, people living with NCD (s) relied on nearby health facilities to obtain healthcare services. Health system preparedness and response to pandemics should take into account empowering the community members to understand that NCD care is continuously needed even during pandemic times. We further advocate for a qualitative study to explore contextual factors influencing the knowledge of NCDs and access to healthcare services beyond the big domains of education and residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael Sirili
- School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Manase Kilonzi
- School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - George Kiwango
- School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Dorkasi L. Mwakawanga
- School of Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Erick G. Philipo
- School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Joseph Matobo Thobias
- School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gasto Frumence
- School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Yeravdekar R, Zodpey S. Health promotion at higher educational institutions a clarion call for action in India. Glob Health Promot 2024:17579759241232984. [PMID: 38532565 DOI: 10.1177/17579759241232984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
This article introduces the concept of a health-promoting university (HPU) in an Indian context. The importance of health promotion through a 'settings-based' approach that focuses on India's needs is outlined. We highlight the aims and objectives of a HPU and the mechanisms to evaluate its impact. We call for action by stakeholders to develop a HPU project consistent with public health issues, including health development and sustainability. Furthermore, this settings-based approach provides a template that can be replicated in other low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Yeravdekar
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Mulshi Rd, Pune, Maharashtra 412115, India
| | - Sanjay Zodpey
- Public Health Foundation of India, 431A, 4th Floor Rectangle No.1, Behind Saket Sheraton Hotel, Commercial Complex D4, Saket, New Delhi-110017, India
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Niu J, Li B, Zhang Q, Chen G, Papadaki A. Exploring the traditional Chinese diet and its association with health status-a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae013. [PMID: 38452296 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Increased adherence to a traditional Chinese diet (TCD) could reduce the increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases. Currently, there is no consistent definition of the TCD in the literature, and its associations with health outcomes have not yet been identified. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to assess the definition of the TCD, in the literature, and to evaluate whether the TCD, as described, is associated with health outcomes. DATA SOURCES Fourteen databases were searched up to April 25, 2022. DATA EXTRACTION Three reviewers (in pairs) independently screened and extracted data. A modified risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the quality of the studies assessing the TCD definition; the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool were used to assess the quality of the observational studies and randomized controlled trials assessing associations between the TCD and health outcomes. DATA ANALYSIS Ninety-nine studies were identified that assessed the TCD definition. In at least 75% of the studies, rice and leafy vegetables were consistently reported as food groups that characterize the TCD; the most frequently cited food items were white rice, spinach, bokchoy, and cabbage. Fish and seafood, pork, and pork products were consistently reported in studies exclusively referring to the TCD consumed in southern China (n = 21 studies), whereas wheat and wheat products were commonly reported in studies focusing on northern China (n = 14 studies). Fifteen studies reported on the quantities of food groups that are characteristic of the TCD, but their findings were inconsistent. Of the 99 studies, 54 assessed associations with health outcomes. The TCD was overall inversely associated with obesity risk and weight gain, while relationships between the TCD and other health outcomes were inconsistent. CONCLUSION Further studies are needed to determine the quantities of foods consumed in the TCD and to establish a consistent definition for further exploration of the TCD's potential role in preventing non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhao Niu
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bai Li
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ge Chen
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angeliki Papadaki
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Flaherman VJ, Murungi J, Bale C, Dickinson S, Chen X, Namiiro F, Nankunda J, Pollack LM, Laleau V, Kim MO, Allison DB, Ginsburg AS, Braima de Sa A, Nankabirwa V. Breastfeeding and Once-Daily Small-Volume Formula Supplementation to Prevent Infant Growth Impairment. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023062228. [PMID: 38062778 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-062228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized controlled trials in Guinea-Bissau and Uganda have revealed that the intensive promotion of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) impairs growth in early infancy. When newborn growth is impaired, small amounts of formula may be combined with breastfeeding to promote growth. METHODS To determine if breastfeeding combined with once-daily formula supplementation improves growth among at-risk newborns, we conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau and Kampala, Uganda. We randomly assigned 324 healthy breastfeeding newborns who weighed 2000 g to 2499 g at birth or <2600 g at 4 days old to once-daily formula feeding through 30 days as a supplement to frequent breastfeeding followed by EBF from 31 days through 6 months, or to EBF through 6 months. The primary outcome was weight-for-age z score (WAZ) at 30 days. Other outcomes included weight-for-length z score (WLZ), length-for-age z score (LAZ), breastfeeding cessation, adverse events, and serious adverse events through 180 days. RESULTS Daily formula consumption in the intervention group was 31.9 ± 11.8 mL. The random assignment did not impact WAZ, WLZ, LAZ, breastfeeding cessation, adverse events, or serious adverse events through 180 days. In the intervention and control groups, 19 (12%) and 35 (21%) infants, respectively, reported nonformula supplementation in the first 30 days (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Once-daily formula supplementation for 30 days was well-tolerated, but the small volume consumed did not alter growth through 180 days of age. Further research would be required to determine if larger formula volumes, longer duration of treatment, or more frequent feeding are effective at increasing growth for this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Murungi
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Carlito Bale
- International Partnership for Human Development, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | | | - Xiwei Chen
- School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Flavia Namiiro
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jolly Nankunda
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lance M Pollack
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Victoria Laleau
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mi-Ok Kim
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - David B Allison
- School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | | | | | - Victoria Nankabirwa
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Centre for Intervention Science for Maternal and Child Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Gilan NR, Mohamadi J, Irankhah A, Khezeli M, Zangeneh A. Review of the effect cultural capital and subjective socioeconomic status on life satisfaction in Iran: the mediating role of health-promoting lifestyle and the moderating role of ethnicity. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2563. [PMID: 38135873 PMCID: PMC10740275 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health-promoting lifestyle can leads to improving the quality of life, life satisfaction, well-being and reducing the burden of health care in the society. This study was carried out to investigate the mediating role of health-promoting lifestyle and moderating role of ethnicity in the effect of cultural capital and subjective socioeconomic status on life satisfaction in Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted with 800 respondents in the cities of Kermanshah with Kurdish ethnicity and Tabriz with Azeri ethnicity. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire in five section including demographic checklist, cultural capital questionnaire (2015),Diener's life satisfaction scale, and health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire (HPLP II), and socioeconomic status scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS software. RESULTS Life satisfaction had the highest correlation with the objective dimension of cultural capital (p < 0.001 r = 0.298). The direct standardized coefficient of the path of cultural capital to health-promoting lifestyle was 0.44 (P < 0.001). Also the direct standardized coefficient of cultural capital on Life satisfaction was 0.04 that was not significant. The standard coefficient of the path of cultural capital on life satisfaction through health-promoting lifestyle was 0.27(P < 0.001). Ethnicity variable did not moderate the effect of cultural capital on life satisfaction (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that paying attention to the concept of health-promoting lifestyle is a necessity to affect life satisfaction. It can play a role as a mediator for the path of cultural capital and socio-economic status on life satisfaction. This study also showed the role of ethnicity as a moderating variable in the relationship between socio-economic status and health-promoting lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Rajabi Gilan
- Sociology Department, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, sanandaj, Iran
- Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jamal Mohamadi
- Sociology Department, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Adel Irankhah
- Sociology Department, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khezeli
- Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Zangeneh
- Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Haraoui LP, Blaser MJ. The Microbiome and Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S441-S446. [PMID: 38051971 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our perception of microbes has considerably changed since the recognition of their pathogenic potential in the 19th century. The discovery of antibiotics and their subsequent widespread adoption have substantially altered the landscape of medicine, providing us with treatment options for many infectious diseases and enabling the deployment of previously risky interventions (eg, surgical procedures and chemotherapy), while also leading to the rise of AMR. The latter is commonly viewed as the predominant downside of antibiotic use. However, with the increasing recognition that all metazoan organisms rely on a community of microbes (the microbiota) for normal development and for most physiologic processes, the negative impacts of antibiotic use now extend well beyond AMR. Using the iceberg as a metaphor, we argue that the effects of antibiotics on AMR represent the tip of the iceberg, with much greater repercussions stemming from their role in the rise of so-called noncommunicable diseases (including obesity, diabetes, allergic and autoimmune diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, and certain cancers). We highlight some of the emerging science around the intersection of the microbiome, antibiotic use, and health (including biological costs and future therapeutic avenues), and we advocate a more nuanced approach in evaluating the impacts of proposed antibiotic use, especially in the setting of preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Patrick Haraoui
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Charles-Le Moyne, Greenfield Park, Quebec, Canada
- Humans & the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Humans & the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Nunemo MH, Gidebo KD, Woticha EW, Lemu YK. Integration Challenges and Opportunity of Implementing Non-Communicable Disease Screening Intervention with Tuberculosis Patient Care: A Mixed Implementation Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:2609-2633. [PMID: 38045564 PMCID: PMC10693204 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s432943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the comorbidity, early detection and treatment of the two diseases are highly recommended; however, a few pilot studies were conducted, which are mainly focused on diabetes mellitus screening and the integration opportunity and challenges were not known. The study aimed to identify integrated implementation challenges and opportunities of non-communicable disease and risk factors screening intervention with tuberculosis patient care. Methods A mixed implementation study design was used. Data were collected from a sample of 443 tuberculosis patients, 21 key informants and facility observations. For quantitative data, descriptive statistics for proportion were summarized in tables and figures. Four distinct implementation frame was adapted for thematic analysis of audio recordings, daily verbatim transcription, and descriptive field notes. Results The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients were 6.55% and 5.64%, respectively. Totally 9 subthemes and 21 new codes were developed, of which 13 and 8 new codes were developed for integrated implementation challenges and opportunities, respectively. The absence of medical equipment, skill and knowledge training, record and report system, cooperative integration, feedback, referral system, shortage of supporting agencies, and services not free were external challenges, whereas lack of trained health workers, focal persons, and increased workload and absence of awareness creation were internal challenges. Despite the challenges, the presence of health extension programs, non-governmental organizations, community health care insurance and associations for diabetes mellitus were external opportunities. Availability of assigned focal persons, trained stakeholders, guidelines, information systems and compatible tuberculosis program structure were internal opportunities. Conclusion The majority of TB patients were not comorbid with NCDs. We build a favourable system for integrated implementation developing an integration platform and structural authority at a different organization by addressing identified challenges and applying facilitators is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kassa Daka Gidebo
- Department of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita, South Region, Ethiopia
| | | | - Yohannes Kebede Lemu
- Department of Health, Behaviour and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
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Nunemo MH, Gidebo KD, Woticha EW, Lemu YK. Predictors of Tuberculosis and Non-Communicable Disease Comorbidities Among Newly Enrolled Tuberculosis Patients, Southern Ethiopia. Integr Blood Press Control 2023; 16:95-109. [PMID: 38023691 PMCID: PMC10666905 DOI: 10.2147/ibpc.s432251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-communicable diseases are comorbid with tuberculosis, however only a few record review based studies have been conducted, which are more concentrated on elevated glucose levels. This study aimed to assess non-communicable disease comorbidity and its predictors among tuberculosis patients. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study design was used and the data were collected by a previously validated tool from a sample of 443 tuberculosis patients using cluster random sampling methods. Multinomial logistic regression was interpreted by relative risk to predict the association of comorbidity status with independent variables. Results The majority (87.81%) of TB patients were not comorbid with NCDs. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients were 6.55%, and 5.64%, respectively. The people who had a risk score >8 were 6.47 times more likely to have tuberculosis comorbid with one non-communicable disease compared to those with a risk score ≤8. The relative risk of tuberculosis patients with BMI >25 is 3.33 times compared to those with a BMI <23 of being comorbid with one non-communicable disease vs tuberculosis patients without non-communicable diseases. Those tuberculosis patients with an awareness of non-communicable disease comorbidities are 9.33 times more likely to have tuberculosis with multi-comorbidities compared to those who are unaware. Conclusion The majority of TB patients were not comorbid with NCDs. The person's weight, family size of more than five, monthly income >3000 birr, risk score >8 and BMI >25 significantly predict comorbidity with one non-communicable disease compared to those without a comorbidity. The presence of non-communicable disease comorbidity, treatment awareness, and being aged 50+ years significantly predict the presence of multi-comorbidities compared to those without comorbidity. For early detection and management of both diseases, establishing bidirectional screening platforms in tuberculosis care programs is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kassa Daka Gidebo
- Department of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita, South Region, Ethiopia
| | | | - Yohannes Kebede Lemu
- Department of Health, Behaviour and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
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15
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Liang Y, Xu C. Knowledge diffusion of Geodetector: A perspective of the literature review and Geotree. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19651. [PMID: 37810142 PMCID: PMC10558907 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial heterogeneity is a fundamental research topic in the field of geography, and Geodetector is a widely used tool for studying this phenomenon. To understand the research advancements and knowledge diffusion trends surrounding Geodetector, we constructed an author evolutionary tree structure fusing its 847 core citations in the Web of Science database and Geotree model for the first time. The results of our literature statistics indicated that Geodetector has garnered the attention of 3123 authors from 48 countries since its publication in the Ecological Indicators journal in 2010, who have published core papers concerning ten important topics. The majority of these studies focused on spatial heterogeneity and its influencing factors. Our analysis of Geotree data revealed a significant correlation between the publication rate of scholars in large teams and their academic activities. Our analysis of the knowledge diffusion chain shown that only 2% of the total number of authors have contributed to over 20% of the scientific collaborations and knowledge diffusion, and they were recognized as experts in Geodetector research. To provide a comprehensive reference for future scholars, we have summarized the citing countries, five classical articles, main scientific domains, and core teams of Geodetector research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Human Geography and Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chengdong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Baptista BG, Lima LS, Ribeiro M, Britto IK, Alvarenga L, Kemp JA, Cardozo LFMF, Berretta AA, Mafra D. Royal jelly: a predictive, preventive and personalised strategy for novel treatment options in non-communicable diseases. EPMA J 2023; 14:381-404. [PMID: 37605655 PMCID: PMC10439876 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-023-00330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is a bee product produced by young adult worker bees, composed of water, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, rich in bioactive components with therapeutic properties, such as free fatty acids, mainly 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid (10-H2DA) and 10-hydroxydecanoic acid (10-HDA), and major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs), as well as flavonoids, most flavones and flavonols, hormones, vitamins and minerals. In vitro, non-clinical and clinical studies have confirmed its vital role as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. This narrative review discusses the possible effects of royal jelly on preventing common complications of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as inflammation, oxidative stress and intestinal dysbiosis, from the viewpoint of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine (PPPM/3PM). It is concluded that RJ, predictively, can be used as a non-pharmacological therapy to prevent and mitigate complications related to NCDs, and the treatment must be personalised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz G. Baptista
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - Ligia S. Lima
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences – Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Marcia Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences – Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Isadora K. Britto
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences – Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Livia Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences – Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - Julie A. Kemp
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - Ludmila FMF Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - Andresa A. Berretta
- Research, Development, and Innovation Department, Apis Flora Indl. Coml. Ltda, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences – Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ Brazil
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica, UPC, Rua Marquês de Paraná, 303/4 Andar, Niterói, RJ 24033-900 Brazil
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Rasesemola RM, Mmusi-Phetoe RM, Havenga Y. Social determinants of health in non-communicable diseases prevention policies in South Africa. Curationis 2023; 46:e1-e8. [PMID: 37782234 PMCID: PMC10476442 DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v46i1.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The South African government has developed many policies for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. However, non-communicable diseases remain among the major causes of morbidity and mortality in South Africa. Although these diseases are linked to interaction of multiple risk factors, many of which are modifiable, they continue to cause much suffering particularly among the marginalised and people from the lower socio-economic status. OBJECTIVES The objective of this research was to explore and present the inclusion of social determinants of health in the policies meant for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in South Africa. METHOD The qualitative document analysis approach was used to conduct policy analysis of purposefully selected policies for prevention and control of cancers, obesity and mental and behavioural disorders in South Africa. RESULTS The analysis revealed that policies for prevention and control of cancers, obesity and mental and behavioural disorders included policy intervention activities that focused on five social determinants of health: (1) governance, (2) social policies, (3) public policies, (4) material circumstances and (5) health system. CONCLUSION Excluding most of the important social determinants of health in the policies for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases means that these policies would continue to fail in preventing these diseases from the root causes.Contribution: This article points out weaknesses in the policies meant for prevention and control of obesity, cancers and mental and behavioural disorders. This article further suggests policy improvement strategies that may be considered to effectively address these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Rasesemola
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg.
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18
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Lei Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Xu C. Geographical evolutionary pathway of global tuberculosis incidence trends. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:755. [PMID: 37095497 PMCID: PMC10123998 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health and human development problem, especially in developing countries. Despite the effectiveness of directly observed therapy, short course programs in reducing transmission and progression of TB, poverty reduction and socioeconomic development remain crucial factors in decreasing TB incidence. However, the geographical pathway on the planet is not yet clear. OBJECTIVES This study was to reconstruct the geographical evolutionary process of TB in 173 countries and territories from 2010 to 2019 to analyze the socioeconomic determinants that impact the global TB epidemic. In addition, the TB incidence in 2030 was predicted. METHODS This study analyses TB incidence data from 173 countries and territories between 2010 and 2019. The Geotree model would be used to reconstruct the geographical evolutionary process of TB, which provides a simplified schema for geo-visualizing the trajectories of TB incidence and their socioeconomic drivers. Additionally, to estimate the future TB incidence in 2030, a multilevel model was utilized in conjunction with the hierarchical nature of the Geotree based on a stratified heterogeneity analysis. RESULTS Global TB incidence was found to be associated with the country type and development stages. Between 2010 and 2019, the average TB incidence rate in 173 countries and territories was -27.48%, with marked spatially stratified heterogeneity by country type and development stage. Low-income and lower-middle-income countries were most vulnerable to TB. Upper-middle-income countries experienced a faster decline in TB incidence than high-income countries, and TB incidence generally decreased as the development stage increased, except for the lower-middle development stage in 2019.The highest average rate of decline in TB incidence was observed in the upper-middle development stage of high-income countries, with a reduction of 45.24%. Meanwhile, 37 high-income countries in the high development stage demonstrated an average rate of change of -13.93%. Socioeconomic determinants, including gross domestic product per capita, urbanization rate, and sociodemographic index, were found to inhibit TB incidence. Based on current trends, the predicted average global TB incidence in 2030 is 91.581 per 100,000 population. CONCLUSIONS The trajectories of the global TB incidence have been reconstructed to formulate targeted public health responses. To eliminate TB, countries at similar development stage can draw on the experiences of countries at higher development stages that are tailored to their unique characteristics. By learning from successful TB control strategies, countries can take strategic steps toward eradicating TB and improving public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chengdong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Orte S, Migliorelli C, Sistach-Bosch L, Gómez-Martínez M, Boqué N. A Tailored and Engaging mHealth Gamified Framework for Nutritional Behaviour Change. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081950. [PMID: 37111168 PMCID: PMC10142076 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile health applications (apps) have been shown to be effective for improving eating habits. However, most of the existing apps rely on calorie and nutrient counting which have several limitations including the difficulty in sustaining long-term use, inaccuracy, and the risk of developing eating disorders. We designed and developed a mHealth framework for nutritional behaviour change, integrated into the CarpeDiem app, that focuses on the intake of key food groups which are known to have a higher impact on health indicators instead of the intake of nutrients. This framework is mainly based on a gamified system that delivers personalized dietary missions to the user and provides motivational recommendations that help the user to achieve these missions. Its design was guided by an evidenced-based theory of behavioural change, the HAPA model, and it is also characterized by the personalization of the system and the use of a recommender system based on advanced artificial intelligence techniques. Overall, the approach used in the present app could foster a sustained improvement of eating habits among the general population, which is the main challenge of dietary interventions, decreasing the risk of developing the chronic diseases associated with unhealthy dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Orte
- Unitat de Salut Digital, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Migliorelli
- Unitat de Salut Digital, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Sistach-Bosch
- Unitat de Salut Digital, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Noemi Boqué
- Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204 Reus, Spain
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Kabir A, Karim MN, Billah B. The capacity of primary healthcare facilities in Bangladesh to prevent and control non-communicable diseases. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2023; 24:60. [PMID: 36864391 PMCID: PMC9979470 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-023-02016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has become a significant public health concern in Bangladesh. This study assesses the readiness of primary healthcare facilities to manage the following NCDs: diabetes mellitus (DM), cervical cancer, chronic respiratory diseases (CRIs), and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted between May 2021 and October 2021 among 126 public and private primary healthcare facilities (nine Upazila health complexes (UHCs), 36 union-level facilities (ULFs), 53 community clinics (CCs), and 28 private hospitals/clinics). The NCD-specific service readiness was assessed using the World Health Organization's (WHO) Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) reference manual. The facilities' readiness was assessed using the following four domains: guidelines and staff, basic equipment, diagnostic facility, and essential medicine. The mean readiness index (RI) score for each domain was calculated. Facilities with RI scores of above 70% were considered 'ready' to manage NCDs. RESULTS The general services availability ranged between 47% for CCs and 83% for UHCs and the guidelines and staff accessibility were the highest for DM in the UHCs (72%); however, cervical cancer services were unavailable in the ULFs and CCs. The availability of basic equipment was the highest for cervical cancer (100%) in the UHCs and the lowest for DM (24%) in the ULFs. The essential medicine for CRI was 100% in both UHCs and ULFs compared to 25% in private facilities. The diagnostic capacity for CVD and essential medicine for cervical cancer was unavailable at all levels of public and private healthcare facilities. The overall mean RI for each of the four NCDs was below the cut-off value of 70%, with the highest (65%) for CRI in UHCs but unavailable for cervical cancer in CCs. CONCLUSION All levels of primary healthcare facilities are currently not ready to manage NCDs. The notable deficits were the shortage of trained staff and guidelines, diagnostic facilities, and essential medicine. This study recommends increasing service availability to address the rising burden of NCDs at primary healthcare levels in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraful Kabir
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Md Nazmul Karim
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Baki Billah
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Nayak S, Rehman T, Patel K, Dash P, Alice A, Kanungo S, Palo SK, Pati S. Factors Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu): A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040551. [PMID: 36833085 PMCID: PMC9956943 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Despite ample research, the factors, specific causes, and pathways associated with chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) remain elusive. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to explore the potential etiologies for the development of CKDu globally. (2) Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO on the specific causes and pathophysiology related to CKDu from inception until April 2021. Study selection, data extraction of included articles, and quality appraisal were assessed. The narrative approach was used to summarize and comprehend the findings. (3) Results: Our study included 25 studies, considering 38,351 participants. Twelve studies were case-control, ten were cross-sectional, and three were cohort designs. All articles were from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). The findings suggest 12 factors are associated with CKDu. Most studies (n = 8) identified farming and water sources as the factors related to CKDu, with heavy metal toxicity coming in second (n = 7). (4) Conclusion: The systematic review reported various factors associated with CKDu, from which most studies reported farming, water sources, and heavy metal poisoning. Considering the findings, the study recommends future strategies and public health initiatives to prevent the epidemiological/environmental factors contributing to CKDu.
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Re-examining the reversal hypothesis: A nationwide population-based study of the association between socioeconomic status, and NCDs and risk factors in China. SSM Popul Health 2023; 21:101335. [PMID: 36691489 PMCID: PMC9860511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background According to the reversal hypothesis, as a country's economic and social development progresses, the burden of NCDs and risk factors shifts from rich to poor. The aim of this research is to examine the reversal hypothesis in the Chinese setting. Methods Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2015, we explored whether the reversal hypothesis applies at the subnational level. Participants aged 45 years and older in 2015 were included. We examined five risk factors (smoking, heavy drinking, physical inactivity, overweight, and obesity) and three objectively measured NCDs (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia). Binary logistic regressions were performed to examine outcomes across people of differing SES in provincial level, in urban and rural areas, and across generations. Results Nationally, SES is positively associated with heavy drinking, obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia, whereas it is negatively associated with physical inactivity. The association between SES and smoking and hypertension was not statistically significant. Except in the cases of diabetes and dyslipidemia, we found that risk factors of all kinds were more concentrated among richer people in rural than in urban areas. Across provinces with increasing GDP per capita, a downward trend in risk factors among those with high SES compared to those with low SES could be interpreted, while the opposite trend could be interpreted with respect to the metabolic syndrome conditions. Obesity and overweight exhibited slight downward trends (in line with those for risk factors) and upward trends (in line with those for metabolic syndrome conditions), respectively. Conclusion We conclude that China is at a relatively early stage of 'reversal', visible with respect to risk factors. If these patterns persist over time, the trend will likely feed through to metabolic disorders which will increasingly become diseases of the poor.
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Feldmann D, Bope CD, Patricios J, Chimusa ER, Collins M, September AV. A whole genome sequencing approach to anterior cruciate ligament rupture-a twin study in two unrelated families. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274354. [PMID: 36201451 PMCID: PMC9536556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Predisposition to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is multi-factorial, with variation in the genome considered a key intrinsic risk factor. Most implicated loci have been identified from candidate gene-based approach using case-control association settings. Here, we leverage a hypothesis-free whole genome sequencing in two two unrelated families (Family A and B) each with twins with a history of recurrent ACL ruptures acquired playing rugby as their primary sport, aimed to elucidate biologically relevant function-altering variants and genetic modifiers in ACL rupture. Family A monozygotic twin males (Twin 1 and Twin 2) both sustained two unilateral non-contact ACL ruptures of the right limb while playing club level touch rugby. Their male sibling sustained a bilateral non-contact ACL rupture while playing rugby union was also recruited. The father had sustained a unilateral non-contact ACL rupture on the right limb while playing professional amateur level football and mother who had participated in dancing for over 10 years at a social level, with no previous ligament or tendon injuries were both recruited. Family B monozygotic twin males (Twin 3 and Twin 4) were recruited with Twin 3 who had sustained a unilateral non-contact ACL rupture of the right limb and Twin 4 sustained three non-contact ACL ruptures (two in right limb and one in left limb), both while playing provincial level rugby union. Their female sibling participated in karate and swimming activities; and mother in hockey (4 years) horse riding (15 years) and swimming, had both reported no previous history of ligament or tendon injury. Variants with potential deleterious, loss-of-function and pathogenic effects were prioritised. Identity by descent, molecular dynamic simulation and functional partner analyses were conducted. We identified, in all nine affected individuals, including twin sets, non-synonymous SNPs in three genes: COL12A1 and CATSPER2, and KCNJ12 that are commonly enriched for deleterious, loss-of-function mutations, and their dysfunctions are known to be involved in the development of chronic pain, and represent key therapeutic targets. Notably, using Identity By Decent (IBD) analyses a long shared identical sequence interval which included the LINC01250 gene, around the telomeric region of chromosome 2p25.3, was common between affected twins in both families, and an affected brother'. Overall gene sets were enriched in pathways relevant to ACL pathophysiology, including complement/coagulation cascades (p = 3.0e-7), purine metabolism (p = 6.0e-7) and mismatch repair (p = 6.9e-5) pathways. Highlighted, is that this study fills an important gap in knowledge by using a WGS approach, focusing on potential deleterious variants in two unrelated families with a historical record of ACL rupture; and providing new insights into the pathophysiology of ACL, by identifying gene sets that contribute to variability in ACL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daneil Feldmann
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christian D. Bope
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Patricios
- Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Emile R. Chimusa
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Malcolm Collins
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- UCT Research Centre for Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), Cape Town, South Africa
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alison V. September
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- UCT Research Centre for Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), Cape Town, South Africa
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Regional and demographic variations of Carotid artery Intima and Media Thickness (CIMT): A Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268716. [PMID: 35819948 PMCID: PMC9275715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective
Carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT) is a strong predictor of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and independent phenotype of early atherosclerosis. The global variation of CIMT and its demographic association is yet unclear. We evaluated regional variations of CIMT based on WHO regions and assessed the differences by age and sex.
Methods
A systematic search was conducted on studies published between 1980 January up to December 2020. PubMed, Oxford Medicine Online, EBSCO, Taylor & Francis, Oxford University Press and Embase data bases were used for searching. Supplementary searches were conducted on the Web of Science and Google Scholar. Grey literature was searched in “Open Grey” website. The two major criteria used were “adults” and “carotid intima media”. The search strategy for PubMed was created first and then adapted for the Oxford Medicine Online, EBSCO, Taylor & Francis, Oxford University Press and Embase databases. Covidence software (Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia; http://www.covidence.org) was used to manage the study selection process. Meta-analyses were done using the random-effects model. An I2 ≥ 50% or p< 0:05 were considered to indicate significant heterogeneity.
Results
Of 2847 potential articles, 46 eligible articles were included in the review contributing data for 49 381 individuals (mean age: 55.6 years, male: 55.8%). The pooled mean CIMT for the non-CHD group was 0.65mm (95%CI: 0.62–0.69). There was a significant difference in the mean CIMT between regions (p = 0.04). Countries in the African (0.72mm), American (0.71mm) and European (0.71mm) regions had a higher pooled mean CIMT compared to those in the South East Asian (0.62mm), West Pacific (0.60mm) and Eastern Mediterranean (0.60mm) regions. Males had a higher pooled mean CIMT of 0.06mm than females in the non CHD group (p = 0.001); there were also regional differences. The CHD group had a significantly higher mean CIMT than the non-CHD group (difference = 0.23mm, p = 0.001) with regional variations. Carotid artery segment-specific-CIMT variations are present in this population. Older persons and those having CHD group had significantly thicker CIMTs.
Conclusions
CIMT varies according to region, age, sex and whether a person having CHD. There are significant regional differences of mean CIMT between CHD and non-CHD groups. Segment specific CIMT variations exist among regions. There is an association between CHD and CIMT values.
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The Role of Human Milk Lipids and Lipid Metabolites in Protecting the Infant against Non-Communicable Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147490. [PMID: 35886839 PMCID: PMC9315603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases continue to increase globally and have their origins early in life. Early life obesity tracks from childhood to adulthood, is associated with obesity, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction, and predicts non-communicable disease risk in later life. There is mounting evidence that these factors are more prevalent in infants who are formula-fed compared to those who are breastfed. Human milk provides the infant with a complex formulation of lipids, many of which are not present in infant formula, or are present in markedly different concentrations, and the plasma lipidome of breastfed infants differs significantly from that of formula-fed infants. With this knowledge, and the knowledge that lipids have critical implications in human health, the lipid composition of human milk is a promising approach to understanding how breastfeeding protects against obesity, inflammation, and subsequent cardiovascular disease risk. Here we review bioactive human milk lipids and lipid metabolites that may play a protective role against obesity and inflammation in later life. We identify key knowledge gaps and highlight priorities for future research.
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Bergevi J, Andermo S, Woldamanuel Y, Johansson UB, Hagströmer M, Rossen J. User Perceptions of eHealth and mHealth Services Promoting Physical Activity and Healthy Diets: Systematic Review. JMIR Hum Factors 2022; 9:e34278. [PMID: 35763339 PMCID: PMC9277535 DOI: 10.2196/34278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity and a diet that follows general recommendations can help to prevent noncommunicable diseases. However, most adults do not meet current recommended guidelines, and support for behavior change needs to be strengthened. There is growing evidence that shows the benefits of eHealth and mobile health (mHealth) services in promoting healthy habits; however, their long-term effectiveness is uncertain because of nonadherence. Objective We aimed to explore users’ perceptions of acceptability, engagement, and usability of eHealth and mHealth services that promote physical activity, healthy diets, or both in the primary or secondary prevention of noncommunicable diseases. Methods We conducted a systematic review with a narrative synthesis. We performed the literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL electronic databases in February 2021 and July 2021. The search was limited to papers published in English between 2016 and 2021. Papers on qualitative and mixed method studies that encompassed eHealth and mHealth services for adults with a focus on physical activity, healthy diet, or both in the primary or secondary prevention of noncommunicable diseases were included. Three authors screened the studies independently, and 2 of the authors separately performed thematic analysis of qualitative data. Results With an initial finding of 6308 articles and the removal of 427 duplicates, 23 articles were deemed eligible for inclusion in the review. Based on users’ preferences, an overarching theme—eHealth and mHealth services provide value but need to be tailored to individual needs—and 5 subthemes—interactive and integrated; varying and multifunctional; easy, pedagogic, and attractive; individualized and customizable; and reliable—emerged. Conclusions New evidence on the optimization of digital services that promote physical activity and healthy diets has been synthesized. The findings represent users’ perceptions of acceptability, engagement, and usability of eHealth and mHealth services and show that services should be personalized, dynamic, easily manageable, and reliable. These findings can help improve adherence to digital health-promoting services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bergevi
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Andermo
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yohannes Woldamanuel
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Unn-Britt Johansson
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Hagströmer
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Academic Primary Health Care Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Rossen
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Computer-Aided Drug Design of Natural Candidates for the Treatment of Non-Communicable Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9769173. [PMID: 35795266 PMCID: PMC9251094 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9769173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Composition of Phenolic Compounds in South African Schinus molle L. Berries. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101376. [PMID: 35626946 PMCID: PMC9140791 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Schinus molle tree is notoriously invasive in most parts of the world, and yet as a pseudospice, its berries potentially possess some significant health benefits which need to be explored. Therefore, polar metabolome of seed + husks (SH), husks (H), and de-hulled (DH) berries were profiled and quantified by untargeted metabolomics approach using UPLC-QTOF-MS. A total of 13 gallotannins, three phenolic acids, a phenolic acid glucoside, three phenolic acid esters, an organic acid, a gallotannin derivative, and nine flavonoids were detected and quantified. Phenolic acids ranged between 12.2–295.7; 4.9–77; and 89.7–1613.1 mg/kg in SH, DH seeds and H respectively. Flavonoids ranged between 1.8–267.5; 73.4–80.4; and 124–564.3 mg/kg in SH, DH seeds and H respectively. Gallotannins ranged between 1.1–146.6; 14.8–21.8; and 48.1–664.8 mg/kg in SH, DH seeds and H respectively. Feruloyltartaric A, quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, catechin digalloylshikimic acid B as well as digalloyl quinic acid were some of the dominant secondary metabolites revealed. These results indicate that S. molle berries are a rich source of secondary metabolites with elevated concentrations in the husks, while DH seeds possess lower concentrations to none. These findings open important insights into the potential of S. molle berries as a natural source of antioxidants for the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Oxidative Stress and Inflammation as Targets for Novel Preventive and Therapeutic Approaches in Non-Communicable Diseases II. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050824. [PMID: 35624688 PMCID: PMC9137651 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are non-infectious chronic pathologies—including obesity, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular (CV) diseases, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases—which represent the main cause of death and disability for the general population [...]
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Canfell OJ, Davidson K, Woods L, Sullivan C, Cocoros NM, Klompas M, Zambarano B, Eakin E, Littlewood R, Burton-Jones A. Precision Public Health for Non-communicable Diseases: An Emerging Strategic Roadmap and Multinational Use Cases. Front Public Health 2022; 10:854525. [PMID: 35462850 PMCID: PMC9024120 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.854525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) remain the largest global public health threat. The emerging field of precision public health (PPH) offers a transformative opportunity to capitalize on digital health data to create an agile, responsive and data-driven public health system to actively prevent NCDs. Using learnings from digital health, our aim is to propose a vision toward PPH for NCDs across three horizons of digital health transformation: Horizon 1—digital public health workflows; Horizon 2—population health data and analytics; Horizon 3—precision public health. This perspective provides a high-level strategic roadmap for public health practitioners and policymakers, health system stakeholders and researchers to achieving PPH for NCDs. Two multinational use cases are presented to contextualize our roadmap in pragmatic action: ESP and RiskScape (USA), a mature PPH platform for multiple NCDs, and PopHQ (Australia), a proof-of-concept population health informatics tool to monitor and prevent obesity. Our intent is to provide a strategic foundation to guide new health policy, investment and research in the rapidly emerging but nascent area of PPH to reduce the public health burden of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J. Canfell
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- UQ Business School, Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Digital Health Cooperative Research Centre, Australian Government, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Health and Wellbeing Queensland, Queensland Government, The State of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Oliver J. Canfell
| | - Kamila Davidson
- UQ Business School, Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Leanna Woods
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Digital Health Cooperative Research Centre, Australian Government, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Clair Sullivan
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Health and Wellbeing Queensland, Queensland Government, The State of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Noelle M. Cocoros
- Department of Population Medicine at Harvard Medical School and the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Klompas
- Department of Population Medicine at Harvard Medical School and the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bob Zambarano
- Commonwealth Informatics Inc., Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Eakin
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robyn Littlewood
- Health and Wellbeing Queensland, Queensland Government, The State of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew Burton-Jones
- UQ Business School, Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Cardiometabolic Health Status, Ethnicity and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) Disparities in an Adult Population: NutrIMDEA Observational Web-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052948. [PMID: 35270641 PMCID: PMC8910247 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Precision public health supported on online tools is increasingly emerging as a potential strategy to achieve health promotion and disease prevention. Our aim was to assess the relationships of sociodemographic variables, anthropometric data, dietary habits and lifestyle factors with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), cardiometabolic health status and ethnicity in an online recruited adult population (NutrIMDEA Study). NutrIMDEA Study is a web-based cross-sectional survey that included 17,333 adults. Self-reported sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric data, clinical and family history of cardiometabolic illnesses, dietary habits, lifestyle factors and HRQoL features were collected. Diseased individuals showed significative poorer MedDiet and worse HRQoL than those in the healthy cardiometabolic status group (p < 0.05). In comparison, European/Caucasian individuals reported a significantly better HRQoL, higher MedDiet and HRQoL values compared with those of other ethnicities (p < 0.05). We obtained a total of 16.8% who reported poor/fair, 56.5% good and 26.6% very good/excellent HRQoL. Respondents with very good/excellent HRQoL showed lower BMI, greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and higher physical activity. The results suggest the presence of interactions between the mental and physical components of HRQoL with obesity, sedentarism and dietary intake, which were dependent on disease status and ethnicity. Online HRQoL assessment could contribute to wider implementation of precision public health strategies to promote health targeted interventions with policy implications to community health promotion.
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The Influence of Selected Psychological Factors on Medication Adherence in Patients with Chronic Diseases. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10030426. [PMID: 35326906 PMCID: PMC8955226 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Insufficient adherence to treatment is a relevant problem. This study aims to determine the impact of health locus of control, stress coping style and level of mindfulness on medication adherence in patients with a chronic illness. Methods: The study included 768 people. The diagnostic survey involved the use of: Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC), The Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), and The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Results: Participants were divided into two subgroups, i.e., adherent (n = 219) and non-adherent (n = 549). We observed significant differences between the subgroups in age, BMI, sex, place of residence, education, and for all MHLC subscales, two CISS subscales and MAAS. The identified medication adherence variables were: female gender (OR = 1.55), BMI (OR = 0.95), MHLC/Internal (OR = 0.95), CISS/Emotional (OR = 1.03), MAAS (OR = 0.97). Conclusions: A strong internal health locus of control, a higher level of mindfulness and a lower level of emotional-stress coping style increase the likelihood of adherence with medication recommendations in patients with chronic diseases.
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Nomatshila SC, Apalata TR, Mabunda SA. Perceptions and knowledge of school management teams about non-communicable diseases and strategies to prevent them. Health SA 2022; 27:1781. [PMID: 35281281 PMCID: PMC8905376 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v27i0.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2016, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were reported to be responsible for 41 million of the world’s 57 million deaths. These deaths were reported to be associated with modifiable lifestyle behaviours, such as tobacco smoking, poor physical activity and diets of poor nutritional value. There could be a knowledge gap on NCD risk factors amongst non-health professionals. Knowledge of NCDs is, therefore, important for the implementation of preventive measures to onset of NCDs. Aim This study aimed at describing perceptions and knowledge of school management teams about NCDs and strategies to prevent them. Setting This study was conducted in Mt Frere, South Africa. Methods This explorative qualitative study using a phenomenological data collection approach was conducted amongst purposively selected school authorities in 2016–2017 to understand their perceptions and knowledge about NCDs and what can be performed to prevent them. Two focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted using open-ended and unstructured questions guided by interview schedule. Tesch’s eight phases of thematic analysis approach was used to analyse narrative data resulting in two main themes and nine subthemes. Results Two themes (understanding and prevention of NCDs, and control measures for NCDs) and nine sub-themes emerged from the data analysis. Inconsistent description of NCDs, its causes and controls were identified amongst school management teams in the FGD. Diet, poverty, societal factors, gaps between decision makers and communities, and poor policy implementation were identified by participants as major issues in the development of NCDs. Conclusion There was no adequate knowledge on NCDs amongst the school management team participants. Improved visibility of health promotion personnel is needed to ensure community empowerment on NCDs prevention. Contribution The findings in this study will help in closing the gaps in the implementation of preventive health services for NCDs within school health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibusiso C Nomatshila
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Teke R Apalata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Sikhumbuzo A Mabunda
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Metelskaya VA, Gavrilova NE, Zhatkina MV, Yarovaya EB, Drapkina OM. A Novel Integrated Biomarker for Evaluation of Risk and Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis, and Its Validation. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020206. [PMID: 35207694 PMCID: PMC8877383 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the feasibility of a combination of biochemical and imaging parameters for estimation of risk and severity of coronary atherosclerosis (CA), and to verify the created integrated biomarker (i-BIO) on independent cohort. Methods: Two cohorts of patients admitted to the hospital for coronary angiography and ultrasound carotid dopplerography were enrolled into the study (n = 205 and n = 216, respectively). The extent of CA was assessed by Gensini Score (GS). Results: According to GS, participants were distributed as follows: atherosclerosis-free (GS = 0), CA of any stage (GS > 0), subclinical CA (GS < 35), severe CA (GS ≥ 35). Based on the analysis of mathematical models, including biochemical and imaging parameters, we selected and combined the most significant variables as i-BIO. The ability of i-BIO to detect the presence and severity of CA was estimated using ROC-analysis with cut-off points determination. Risk of any CA (GS > 0) at i-BIO > 4 was 7.3 times higher than in those with i-BIO ≤ 4; risk of severe CA (GS ≥ 35) at i-BIO ≥ 9 was 3.1 times higher than at i-BIO < 9. Results on the tested cohort confirmed these findings. Conclusions: The i-BIO > 4 detected CA (GS > 0) with sensitivity of 87.9%, i-BIO ≥ 9 excluded patients without severe CA (GS < 35), specificity 79.8%. Validation of i-BIO confirmed the feasibility of i-BIO > 4 to separate patients with any CA with sensitivity 76.2%, and of i-BIO ≥ 9 to exclude atherosclerosis-free subjects with specificity of 84.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Metelskaya
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.Y.); (O.M.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Elena B. Yarovaya
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.Y.); (O.M.D.)
- Department of Probability Theory, Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.Y.); (O.M.D.)
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Mehmood H, Haroon M, Akhtar T, Woodward S, Andleeb H. Synthesis and molecular docking studies of 5-acetyl-2-(arylidenehydrazin-1-yl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazoles as α-amylase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Khan N, Oldroyd JC, Hossain MB, Islam RM. Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Diabetes in Bangladesh: Evidence from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017/18. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:8349160. [PMID: 35685557 PMCID: PMC9159140 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8349160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes is increasing in Bangladesh from ∼5% in 2001 to ∼13% in 2017/18 (∼8.4 million cases). The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was also found to be higher at 6% in 2017/18. However, very little is known about the management of diabetes assessed by diabetes awareness, treatment, and control. We aimed to estimate the age-standardised prevalence of awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes and its associated factors. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 1,174 Bangladeshi adults aged 18 years and older available from the most recent nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18 were analysed. Outcomes were age-standardised prevalence of awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes, estimated using the direct standardisation. Multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression models were used to identify factors associated with awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes. RESULTS Of the respondents we analysed, 30.9% (95% CI, 28.2-33.6) were aware that they had the condition, and 28.2% (95% CI, 25.6-30.7) were receiving treatment. Among those treated for diabetes, 26.5% (95% CI, 19.5-33.5) had controlled diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes awareness, treatment, and control was lower in men than women. Factors positively associated with awareness and treatment were increasing age and hypertension, while factors negatively associated with awareness and treatment were being men and lower education. Factors associated with poor control were secondary education and residing in Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of poor management of diabetes in Bangladesh, especially in men. Less than one-third of the people with diabetes were aware of their condition. Just over one-fourth of the people with diabetes were on treatment, and among those who were treated only one-fourth had controlled diabetes. Interventions targeting younger people, in particular men and those with lower education, are urgently needed. Government policies that address structural factors including the cost of diabetes care and that strengthen diabetes management programmes within primary healthcare in Bangladesh are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuruzzaman Khan
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - John C Oldroyd
- School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Rakibul M Islam
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- South Asian Institute for Social Transformation (SAIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Foo CD, Shrestha P, Wang L, Du Q, García-Basteiro AL, Abdullah AS, Legido-Quigley H. Integrating tuberculosis and noncommunicable diseases care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): A systematic review. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003899. [PMID: 35041654 PMCID: PMC8806070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are facing a combined affliction from both tuberculosis (TB) and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), which threatens population health and further strains the already stressed health systems. Integrating services for TB and NCDs is advantageous in tackling this joint burden of diseases effectively. Therefore, this systematic review explores the mechanisms for service integration for TB and NCDs and elucidates the facilitators and barriers for implementing integrated service models in LMIC settings. METHODS AND FINDINGS A systematic search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Bibliography of Asian Studies, and the Global Index Medicus from database inception to November 4, 2021. For our search strategy, the terms "tuberculosis" AND "NCDs" (and their synonyms) AND ("delivery of healthcare, integrated" OR a range of other terms representing integration) were used. Articles were included if they were descriptions or evaluations of a management or organisational change strategy made within LMICs, which aim to increase integration between TB and NCD management at the service delivery level. We performed a comparative analysis of key themes from these studies and organised the themes based on integration of service delivery options for TB and NCD services. Subsequently, these themes were used to reconfigure and update an existing framework for integration of TB and HIV services by Legido-Quigley and colleagues, which categorises the levels of integration according to types of services and location where services were offered. Additionally, we developed themes on the facilitators and barriers facing integrated service delivery models and mapped them to the World Health Organization's (WHO) health systems framework, which comprises the building blocks of service delivery, human resources, medical products, sustainable financing and social protection, information, and leadership and governance. A total of 22 articles published between 2011 and 2021 were used, out of which 13 were cross-sectional studies, 3 cohort studies, 1 case-control study, 1 prospective interventional study, and 4 were mixed methods studies. The studies were conducted in 15 LMICs in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Our synthesised framework explicates the different levels of service integration of TB and NCD services. We categorised them into 3 levels with entry into the health system based on either TB or NCDs, with level 1 integration offering only testing services for either TB or NCDs, level 2 integration offering testing and referral services to linked care, and level 3 integration providing testing and treatment services at one location. Some facilitators of integrated service include improved accessibility to integrated services, motivated and engaged providers, and low to no cost for additional services for patients. A few barriers identified were poor public awareness of the diseases leading to poor uptake of services, lack of programmatic budget and resources, and additional stress on providers due to increased workload. The limitations include the dearth of data that explores the experiences of patients and providers and evaluates programme effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS Integration of TB and NCD services encourages the improvement of health service delivery across disease conditions and levels of care to address the combined burden of diseases in LMICs. This review not only offers recommendations for policy implementation and improvements for similar integrated programmes but also highlights the need for more high-quality TB-NCD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan De Foo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pami Shrestha
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leiting Wang
- Global Health Program, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianmei Du
- Global Health Program, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Alberto L. García-Basteiro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Abu Saleh Abdullah
- Global Health Program, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Aluigi L, Antignani PL, Hussein E, Mansilha A, Pitha J, Poredos P. Non-communicable diseases and the IUA challenge. INT ANGIOL 2021; 41:185-187. [PMID: 34913632 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-9590.21.04820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Aluigi
- Angiology Care Unit, Private Villalba Hospital (GVM), Bologna, Italy -
| | | | - Emad Hussein
- Vascular surgery department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Jan Pitha
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Center for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Poredos
- Department of Vascular Disease, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Dlamini SN, Mukoma G, Norris SA. Should fast-food nutritional labelling in South Africa be mandatory? SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.2003058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siphiwe N Dlamini
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gudani Mukoma
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Global Health Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Uriarte-Frías G, Hernández-Ortega MM, Gutiérrez-Salmeán G, Santiago-Ortiz MM, Morris-Quevedo HJ, Meneses-Mayo M. Pre-Hispanic Foods Oyster Mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus), Nopal ( Opuntia ficus-indica) and Amaranth ( Amaranthus sp.) as New Alternative Ingredients for Developing Functional Cookies. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:911. [PMID: 34829200 PMCID: PMC8619982 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oyster mushroom (Pleurotusostreatus), nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) and amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) are pre-Hispanic foods widely consumed in Mexico. However, there are no standard products developed with these ingredientsas functional cookies. This study evaluated the impact of partial replacement (50%) of whole-wheat flour (WWF) with three formulations of P. ostreatus, nopal and amaranth flours (POF, NF and AF, respectively) on the nutritional/antioxidant properties of fortified cookies. The proportion of the flours' ingredients (WWF:AF:NF:POF) were 100% WWF (traditional cookies), 50:35:10:5 (F1), 50:30:15:5 (F2) and 50:40:5:5 (F3). Proximal composition, phenolic/flavonoid contents, and ABTS•+ scavenging activity were determined in flours and cookies.POF, NF and AF possess a high nutritional value comprising polyphenols/flavonoids and a significant antioxidant potential. Total protein, ash and flavonoids were higher in fortified cookies than in controls. Cookies prepared with F2-the highest nopal level-contained 5.29% of dietary fiber and five times higher polyphenol content than control cookies. The ABTS•+ scavenging ability was similar in the three enriched cookies (87.73-89.58%), but higher than that in traditional cookies (75.60%). The applicability of POF/NF/AF for replacing up to 50% of WWF in the production of functional cookies was demonstrated without compromising products' acceptability.This research promotes renewable local bioresouces for a sustainable agri-food chain, especially edible mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Uriarte-Frías
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México, Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de Mexico, Mexico; (G.U.-F.); (M.M.H.-O.); (G.G.-S.); (M.M.S.-O.)
| | - Martha M. Hernández-Ortega
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México, Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de Mexico, Mexico; (G.U.-F.); (M.M.H.-O.); (G.G.-S.); (M.M.S.-O.)
| | - Gabriela Gutiérrez-Salmeán
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México, Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de Mexico, Mexico; (G.U.-F.); (M.M.H.-O.); (G.G.-S.); (M.M.S.-O.)
| | - Miriam Magale Santiago-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México, Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de Mexico, Mexico; (G.U.-F.); (M.M.H.-O.); (G.G.-S.); (M.M.S.-O.)
| | - Humberto J. Morris-Quevedo
- Centro de Estudios de Biotecnología Industrial (CEBI), Universidad de Oriente, Ave. Patricio Lumumba s/n, Reparto Jiménez, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba
| | - Marcos Meneses-Mayo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México, Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de Mexico, Mexico; (G.U.-F.); (M.M.H.-O.); (G.G.-S.); (M.M.S.-O.)
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Akokuwebe ME, Idemudia ES. Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates of Body Weight Categories Among South African Women of Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:715956. [PMID: 34760860 PMCID: PMC8572979 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.715956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The shift in disease patterns has been connected with increased body weight burden, becoming a major public health concern in South Africa, as previous studies have assessed overweight or obesity among certain populations. However, little is known about bodyweight burden (underweight, overweight, and obesity) among women aged 15-49 years. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the prevalence and its associated socio-demographic correlates of bodyweight categories among women of reproductive age in South Africa. Methods: The present study used the South Africa Demographic Health Survey (2016 SADHS) data for 2016. A total of 3,263 women of reproductive age were included in the analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable logistics regressions were performed to determine the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of bodyweight categories among women in South Africa. Thus, this study used the criteria of the WHO standard body mass index (BMI) cut-offs to classify bodyweight categories. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were estimated for potential determinants included in the final model. Results: The overall prevalence of body weight burden was 66.5%, with 4.9% underweight, 27.1% overweight, and 34.5% obese (p < 0.05). The identified factors associated with underweight among women of reproductive age were those from "other" population group [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.65: 95% CI 1.40-5.00], rural residence (AOR 1.23: 95% CI 0.75-2.02), and Northern Cape Province (AOR 1.58: 95% CI 0.65-3.87). For overweight/obese, the main factors were those aged 45-49 years (AOR 10.73: 95% CI 7.41-15.52), tertiary education (AOR 1.41: 95% CI 0.97-2.03), and residing in Eastern Cape (AOR 1.27: 95% CI 0.82-1.99) and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces (AOR 1.20: 95% CI 0.78-1.84). Conclusion: The findings presented in this study indicate the concurrence of underweight and overweight/obese among women aged 15-49 years in South Africa. Despite underweight prevalence being on the decline, yet overweight/obese is increasing over time. The health implication of body weight burden needs rapid and effective interventions, focusing on factors such as rural, education, population group, older age 45-49 years, and Provinces (Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, and KwaZulu-Natal) - the high-risk groups identified herein are of most importance to curb the growing burden among South African women of reproductive age.
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Barnes RY, van Rensburg AJ, Raubenheimer JE. Referral practices of medical practitioners in central South Africa to physiotherapy services for patients living with musculoskeletal conditions. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2021; 77:1563. [PMID: 34693070 PMCID: PMC8517772 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v77i1.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) are a major cause of disability worldwide. It is essential to address effective MSD management, including appropriate referrals to physiotherapists and other healthcare professionals. Limited information is available regarding the referral practices of medical practitioners for patients with MSD. The doctors' referral practices to physiotherapists can impact the patient population and the South African health system. OBJECTIVES To investigate or understand the referral practices of medical practitioners in Bloemfontein, South Africa, to physiotherapy services, for individuals living with MSD. METHOD A quantitative study approach, implementing a semi-structured questionnaire, was used. Forty-nine participants completed the questionnaire. RESULTS The referral of patients with MSDs by medical practitioners to physiotherapy services varied and multidimensional factors influenced their referral practices. Medical practitioners were unsure of the specific role played by physiotherapists in the management of individuals living with MSD. A need for improved relationships and communication between medical practitioners and physiotherapists was identified. CONCLUSIONS Medical practitioners regularly referred individuals living with MSD to physiotherapists, but referral practices should be optimised in terms of evidence-based practice and the use of specialised physiotherapy services. In an attempt to decrease the burden of MSD, adequate awareness should be created for improved referral practices between medical practitioners and physiotherapists. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Collaborative development of detailed guidelines for apt, evidence-based referrals should be developed, to ensure early detection and management of individuals living with MSD. Health care professionals should be educated and encouraged to refer individuals living with MSD to physiotherapists for appropriate management with clinical benefits including improvement of HRQOL and cost effectiveness of this management not only to the individual but also to the health system in South Africa. Physiotherapists should try to communicate their role in the treatment of individuals living with MSD to medical practitioners for the benefit of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roline Y Barnes
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Alida Janse van Rensburg
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jacques E Raubenheimer
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Discipline of Bioinformatics and Digital Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Blaschke S, Carl J, Ellinger J, Birner U, Mess F. The Role of Physical Activity-Related Health Competence and Leisure-Time Physical Activity for Physical Health and Metabolic Syndrome: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach for German Office Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10153. [PMID: 34639454 PMCID: PMC8507877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Office workers (OWs) are prone to insufficient physical activity (PA), which increases their risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and impaired physical health. The Physical Activity-related Health Competence (PAHCO) model holds the potential to facilitate a healthy physically active lifestyle. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the interplay between PAHCO, leisure-time PA, physical health, and MetS in OWs in Germany. In a cross-sectional study, OWs (N = 316, 25% female) completed self-report questionnaires along with an occupational health checkup to examine their Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score (MetSSS) values. Structural equation modeling indicated a strong positive association between PAHCO and leisure-time PA and a small positive association with physical health. PAHCO showed a considerable negative association with the MetSSS. Leisure-time PA was a positive mediator for the PAHCO-physical health association but was not a significant mediator for the association between PAHCO and the MetSSS. These findings underscore the importance of PAHCO in the context of leisure-time PA, physical health, and MetS in OWs. Furthermore, our findings highlight the health-enhancing value of the qualitative aspects of PA, such as motivational and volitional components in PA participation, with respect to physical health and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Blaschke
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.E.); (F.M.)
| | - Johannes Carl
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Jan Ellinger
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.E.); (F.M.)
| | - Ulrich Birner
- Siemens AG, Human Resources EHS, Department of Psychosocial Health and Well-Being, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 Munich, Germany;
| | - Filip Mess
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.E.); (F.M.)
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Rodrigues da Silva TP, Matozinhos FP, Gratão LHA, Rocha LL, Vilela LA, de Oliveira TRPR, de Freitas Cunha C, Mendes LL. Coexistence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among Brazilian adolescents: Individual characteristics and school environment. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254838. [PMID: 34280240 PMCID: PMC8289066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) share common and modifiable risk factors; among them, unhealthy eating, physical inactivity, alcohol intake and smoking habit. However, these factors are not observed in separate and, most often, they influence each other. Risk factors established during adolescence are highly likely to remain in adult life. The aims of the current study were to evaluate the prevalence and coexistence of risk factors for CVD, as well as to investigate individual characteristic of the adolescent and environmental factors associated with risk factors' coexistence profiles. This was a cross-sectional, national, school-based epidemiological study that estimated the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years who attended public and private schools located in Brazilian counties with a population of more than 100 thousand. For this study, thematic blocks referring to alcohol consumption, eating habits, smoking, and physical activity were used. The grade of membership method was used to identify the coexistence of risk and protective factors for CVD among adolescents. The study analytical sample comprised 71,552 adolescents. Multilevel logistic regression was used to assess the association between factors influencing the coexistence profile of risk factors for CVD. Based on adolescent-level variables, has shown that meeting positive criterion for Common Mental Disorders and not consuming the meals provided by the school have significantly increased the likelihood of belonging to the CVD-risk profile. On the other hand, school-level variables, show that studying in private schools and living in economically favored Brazilian regions have increased adolescents' likelihood of belonging to the CVD-risk profile. These results can be used to substantiate the inclusion of food environment variables in public policies focused on preventing CVD development among Brazilian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Penido Matozinhos
- Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Lara Rocha
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luisa Arantes Vilela
- Nutrition Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Larissa Loures Mendes
- Nutrition Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Siswati T, Margono, Husmarini N, Purnamaningrum YE, Paramashanti BA. Health-promoting university: the implementation of an integrated guidance post for non-communicable diseases (Posbindu PTM) among university employees. Glob Health Promot 2021; 29:31-39. [PMID: 34269118 DOI: 10.1177/17579759211021363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) remain a challenge globally and in Indonesia. Workplace environments may place employees at risk for NCD behavioral factors. This study aimed to develop an integrated guidance post for NCD (in Indonesian, 'pos pembinaan terpadu penyakit tidak menular' [Posbindu PTM] early detection among employees in one of the Indonesian universities. Posbindu PTM is a community-based program oriented towards promotive and preventive efforts to control NCDs where the community acted as change agents. We conducted a process evaluation based on a quantitative approach through a survey (n = 313) and a qualitative method using in-depth interviews (n = 12) to support our findings that Posbindu PTM was acceptable and feasible to implement in a university context. High participation in Posbindu PTM showed that the program could encourage the university employees to join NCD prevention strategies from early detection to counseling and referral. All participants positively accepted Posbindu PTM for its benefits to health, the flexibility of the program, and the quality service provided by cadres. A need-based program planning, commitment from university leaders, adequate human resources and facilitation, and cooperation between departments, the clinic, and local primary health center and health department determined the success of Posbindu PTM implementation. In contrast, external activities negatively affected participants to join Posbindu PTM. There is a need for more routine scheduling and online-based application to enhance the program's performance. Posbindu PTM is essential for engaging employees with their health and may serve as a model for NCD prevention and control in similar settings. With Posbindu PTM implementation's success, a further stage is required to empower and sustain the Posbindu PTM program towards health-promoting universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Siswati
- Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Margono
- Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Bunga Astria Paramashanti
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Alma Ata, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Doustmohammadian A, Bazhan M. Social marketing-based interventions to promote healthy nutrition behaviors: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2021; 10:75. [PMID: 33706797 PMCID: PMC7971101 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rapidly increasing worldwide and constitute one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Improving population diets can play an important role in preventing and managing the diseases. Effective and efficient interventions are needed to promote healthy eating behaviors among people. The objective of this review will be to evaluate the effectiveness of social marketing-based interventions to promote healthy nutrition behaviors. METHOD The following electronic databases will be searched from January 1990 onwards: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. We will include randomized and non-randomized trials, quasi-experimental studies, observational studies (e.g., cohort, cross-sectional, and before and after studies) evaluating the social marketing-based intervention. The primary outcomes will be nutritional behaviors. Secondary outcomes will include the quality of life, nutritional status, and weight status. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using an appropriate tool. If feasible, we will conduct random-effects meta-analysis. Additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g., age, sex, and socio-economic condition). DISCUSSION This study will summarize the evidence regarding the interventions' components, implementation methods, and effectiveness of interventions based on the social marketing framework to promote healthy nutrition behaviors. This review can provide policymakers with the information needed to make decisions and plan to promote healthy eating behaviors and understand the factors influencing the implementation of these programs. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION CRD42020163972.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Doustmohammadian
- Gastrointestinal and liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Bazhan
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, #7, Arghavan St, Farahzadi Blvd, Shahrak Gharb, Tehran, Iran
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Kefallonitou D, Polycarpou I, Souliotis K, Giannakou K. Integrating a Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Into the National Health System of Cyprus: Will It Return on Its Investment? Front Public Health 2021; 9:607761. [PMID: 33777880 PMCID: PMC7987837 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.607761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A European Union (EU) member state, Cyprus is a country with a population of ~850,000 citizens. According to the Cyprus Ministry of Health, since 2009, more than 3,000 new incidents with neoplasm are diagnosed every year (i.e., 3% increasing rate). Projections estimate an average annual increase of 2.2% of new incidents until 2040. However, the National Health System (NHS) of Cyprus lacks a Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) care framework and infrastructure. Patients can only have a PET/CT exam in the private sector, either in Cyprus or a neighboring country (e.g., Greece or Israel). This requires the government of Cyprus to cover financial expenses related to medical treatments while the patients may also need to cover their expenses for traveling to a neighboring country. This study presents a cost analysis to examine whether the integration of a PET/CT with, or without, an F18-FDG cyclotron unit in the NHS of Cyprus is an efficient investment that can be recovered within the unit's service life. To perform this study, we estimated necessary resources for purchasing and operating such unit for a period of 15 years. The results of this study indicate that an investment in a PET/CT unit is not financially viable. Alternatives, such as the reimbursement of PET/CT operated by the private sector is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Kefallonitou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Irene Polycarpou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyriakos Souliotis
- Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Corinth, Greece.,Health Policy Institute, Maroussi, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Giannakou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Coad J, Pedley K. Nutrition in New Zealand: Can the Past Offer Lessons for the Present and Guidance for the Future? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113433. [PMID: 33182406 PMCID: PMC7697857 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last century, nutrition research and public health in New Zealand have been inspired by Dr Muriel Bell, the first and only state nutritionist. Some of her nutritional concerns remain pertinent today. However, the nutritional landscape is transforming with extraordinary changes in the production and consumption of food, increasing demand for sustainable and healthy food to meet the requirements of the growing global population and unprecedented increases in the prevalence of both malnutrition and noncommunicable diseases. New Zealand’s economy is heavily dependent on agrifoods, but there is a need to integrate interactions between nutrition and food-related disciplines to promote national food and nutrition security and to enhance health and well-being. The lack of integration between food product development and health is evident in the lack of investigation into possible pathological effects of food additives. A national coherent food strategy would ensure all components of the food system are optimised and that strategies to address the global syndemic of malnutrition and climate change are prioritised. A state nutritionist or independent national nutrition advocacy organisation would provide the channel to communicate nutrition science and compete with social media, lead education priorities and policy development, engage with the food industry, facilitate collaboration between the extraordinary range of disciplines associated with food production and optimal health and lead development of a national food strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Coad
- School of Food & Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-6951-6321
| | - Kevin Pedley
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
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O’Donovan M, Sezgin D, Kabir Z, Liew A, O’Caoimh R. Assessing Global Frailty Scores: Development of a Global Burden of Disease-Frailty Index (GBD-FI). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165695. [PMID: 32781756 PMCID: PMC7460080 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Frailty is an independent age-associated predictor of morbidity and mortality. Despite this, many countries lack population estimates with large heterogeneity between studies. No population-based standardised metric for frailty is available. We applied the deficit accumulation model of frailty to create a frailty index (FI) using population-level estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study across 195 countries to create a novel GBD frailty index (GBD-FI). Standard FI criteria were applied to all GBD categories to select GBD-FI items. Content validity was assessed by comparing the GBD-FI with a selection of established FIs. Properties including the rate of deficit accumulation with age were examined to assess construct validity. Linear regression models were created to assess if mean GBD-FI scores predicted one-year incident mortality. From all 554 GBD items, 36 were selected for the GBD-FI. Face validity against established FIs was variable. Characteristic properties of a FI—higher mean score for females and a deficit accumulation rate of approximately 0.03 per year, were observed. GBD-FI items were responsible for 19% of total Disability-Adjusted Life Years for those aged ≥70 years in 2017. Country-specific mean GBD-FI scores ranged from 0.14 (China) to 0.19 (Hungary) and were a better predictor of mortality from non-communicable diseases than age, gender, Healthcare Access and Quality Index or Socio-Demographic Index scores. The GBD-FI is a valid measure of frailty at population-level but further external validation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O’Donovan
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (M.O.); (D.S.); (A.L.)
- HRB Clinical Research Facility Cork, Mercy University Hospital Cork, T12 WE28 Cork City, Ireland
| | - Duygu Sezgin
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (M.O.); (D.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Zubair Kabir
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork City, Ireland;
| | - Aaron Liew
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (M.O.); (D.S.); (A.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Portiuncula University Hospital, Ballinasloe, H53 T971 Country Galway, Ireland
| | - Rónán O’Caoimh
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (M.O.); (D.S.); (A.L.)
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Mercy University Hospital Cork, T12 WE28 Cork City, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-21-4935172
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