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Agnihotri S, Dobhal P, Ashfaqullah S, Oli S, Tamta S. Phytochemical screening of Zanthoxylum armatum roots and exploring its polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:3404-3410. [PMID: 37565659 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2244130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the article is to investigate the chemical composition of Zanthoxylum armatum roots methanolic extract and to evaluate the polyphenol content and antioxidant potential. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - Photo Diode Array (HPLC-PDA) techniques were used to characterize chemical composition of methanolic extract of roots. The GC-MS analysis extract resulted in the isolation of thirty-seven phytochemical constituents in methanol extracts. The root extracts were strongly characterized by 1-Propene, 2-nitro-3-(1-cyclooctenyl), (2E,4E)-N-Isobutyldodeca-2,4-dienamide, (+)- Seasmin and Paulowin. The phenolic composition of the root extract quantified by using HPLC revealed Ascorbic acid as most abundant polyphenol, followed by Gallic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Epigallocatechin gallate, Vanillic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, while Caffeic acid was the recorded as least. In addition, root extract also showed the presence of antioxidant activity (DPPH Free radical scavenging, Metal Chelating and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Activity) and polyphenol content (Total Phenol, Flavonoid, and Tannin Content).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Agnihotri
- Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | - Preeti Dobhal
- Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | | | - Sheetal Oli
- Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | - Sushma Tamta
- Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
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2
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Demirel S. Vasorelaxant effects of biochemical constituents of various medicinal plants and their benefits in diabetes. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1122-1141. [PMID: 38983824 PMCID: PMC11229960 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial function plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular health, and dysfunction in this context diminishes vasorelaxation concomitant with endothelial activity. The nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway, prostacyclin-cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway, inhibition of phosphodiesterase, and the opening of potassium channels, coupled with the reduction of calcium levels in the cell, constitute critical mechanisms governing vasorelaxation. Cardiovascular disease stands as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality among individuals with diabetes, with adults afflicted by diabetes exhibiting a heightened cardiovascular risk compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. A plethora of medicinal plants, characterized by potent pharmacological effects and minimal side effects, holds promise in addressing these concerns. In this review, we delineate various medicinal plants and their respective biochemical constituents, showcasing concurrent vasorelaxant and anti-diabetic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadettin Demirel
- Medicine School, Physiology Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Türkiye
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3
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Mouna R, Kabouche Z, Bensouici C, Broisat A, Ahmed A, Ghezzi C. Phytochemical profiling and antioxidant activity of Linum trigynum. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1780-1785. [PMID: 37233980 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2218010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC), secondary metabolite composition (LC-HRMS/MS analyses) and antioxidant potential (DPPH, ABTS, GOR, CUPRAC, and phenanthroline assays) of Linum trigynum L. (LT) extracts were determined. Our results showed for the first time that the extracts (PE, CHCl3, AcOEt, and n-BuOH) of LT exert antioxidant activity. The AcOEt and n-BuOH extracts were the most antioxidant compared to the standards, and had a higher amount of TPC (323.51 ± 0.62; 229.98 ± 6.80 µg GAE/mL) and TFC (183.75 ± 1.17 and 157.50 ± 1.77 µg QE/mL), resectively. The high antioxidant properties of these extracts may be due to their major compounds (phenolic compounds) detected by LC-HRMS/MS analyses including flavonoids (40 compounds) and phenolic acids and derivatives (18 and 19 compounds, respectively). AcOEt and n-BuOH extracts of LT can be used as an excellent source of antioxidant phytochemicals to prevent or treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryma Mouna
- Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Constantine, Algeria
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, Grenoble, France
| | - Zahia Kabouche
- Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Chawki Bensouici
- Centre de Recherche en Biotechnologies (CRBt), Nouvelle ville Ali Mendjli, Constantine, Algérie
| | - Alexis Broisat
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, Grenoble, France
| | - Abdalwahab Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Catherine Ghezzi
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, Grenoble, France
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Fu Y, Li G, Feng Z, Liu J, Wang X, Wang T, Liu J. Methyl Cinnamate (MC) Alleviates Free Fatty Acids (FFAs) Induced Lipid Accumulation Through the AMPK Pathway in HepG2 Cells. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1183-1197. [PMID: 38469107 PMCID: PMC10926926 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s449300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a critical role in energy metabolism. Its activation leads to the phosphorylation of downstream proteins such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1), subsequently inhibiting de novo fatty acid synthesis, thereby reducing intracellular triglyceride accumulation. MC is a compound found in extracts from Zanthoxylum armatum DC plants. Research has shown that MC can inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the CAMKK2-AMPK pathway. However, the biological effect of MC in HepG2 cells remains unknown. Methods In this study, we utilized HepG2 cells to establish a model of MAFLD through FFAs stimulation. We investigated the biological effects of MC on HepG2 cells and studied its impact on lipid metabolism. Small interfering RNA was employed to explore the mechanism by which MC activates AMPK. Finally, molecular docking was conducted, establishing a model of the interaction between AMPK and MC. Results We observed that MC can alleviate triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells. We observed the elevated p-AMPK/AMPK, P-ACC/ ACC, and elevated CPT1a after treatment of MC in HepG2 cells. The interference of CAMKK2 mRNA did not impact the ability of MC to phosphorylate AMPK. Compound C attenuates the ability of MC to increase p-AMPK. Molecular docking results led us to hypothesize that MC directly interacts with AMPK, resulting in AMPK phosphorylation and improved lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingda Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangbing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zichen Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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Li L, Lin L, Wen B, Zhao PC, Liu DS, Pang GM, Wang ZR, Tan Y, Lu C. Promising Natural Medicines for the Treatment of High-Altitude Illness. High Alt Med Biol 2023; 24:175-185. [PMID: 37504973 PMCID: PMC10516238 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2022.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Li Li, Lin Lin, Bo Wen, Peng-cheng Zhao, Da-sheng Liu, Guo-ming Pang, Zi-rong Wang, Yong Tan, and Cheng Lu. Promising natural medicines for the treatment of high-altitude illness. High Alt Med Biol. 24:175-185, 2023.-High-altitude illness (HAI) is a dangerous disease characterized by oxidative stress, inflammatory damage and hemodynamic changes in the body that can lead to severe damage to the lungs, heart, and brain. Natural medicines are widely known for their multiple active ingredients and pharmacological effects, which may be important in the treatment of HAI. In this review, we outline the specific types of HAI and the underlying pathological mechanisms and summarize the currently documented natural medicines applied in the treatment of acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral edema, high-altitude pulmonary edema, chronic mountain sickness, and high-altitude pulmonary hypertension. Their sources, types, and medicinal sites are summarized, and their active ingredients, pharmacological effects, related mechanisms, and potential toxicity are discussed. In conclusion, natural medicines, as an acceptable complementary and alternative strategy with fewer side effects and more long-term application, can provide a reference for developing more natural antialtitude sickness medicines in the future and have good application prospects in HAI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-cheng Zhao
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Da-sheng Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-ming Pang
- Kaifeng Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zi-rong Wang
- Logistics Support Division, National Immigration Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li PL, Zhai XX, Wang J, Zhu X, Zhao L, You S, Sang CY, Yang JL. Two Ferulic Acid Derivatives Inhibit Neuroinflammatory Response in Human HMC3 Microglial Cells via NF- κB Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052080. [PMID: 36903325 PMCID: PMC10004133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Various physiological and pathological changes are related to the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is a major trigger and exacerbation of neurodegenerative diseases. One of the main symptoms of neuritis is the activation of microglia. Thus, to alleviate the occurrence of neuroinflammatory diseases, an important method is to inhibit the abnormal activation of microglia. This research evaluated the inhibitory effect of trans-ferulic acid (TJZ-1) and methyl ferulate (TJZ-2), isolated from Zanthoxylum armatum, on neuroinflammation, by establishing the human HMC3 microglial cell neuroinflammation model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results showed both compounds significantly inhibited the production and expression of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) contents, and increased the level of anti-inflammatory factor β-endorphin (β-EP). Furthermore, TJZ-1 and TJZ-2 can inhibit LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). It was found that of two ferulic acid derivatives, both had anti-neuroinflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and regulating the release of inflammatory mediators, such as NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and β-EP. This is the first report that demonstrates that TJZ-1 and TJZ-2 had inhibitory effects on LPS-induced neuroinflammation in human HMC3 microglial cells, which indicates that two ferulic acid derivates from Z. armatum could be used as potential anti-neuroinflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Zhai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 264000, China
- Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai 264010, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Yaomazi Food Co., Ltd., Hongya 620360, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Yaomazi Food Co., Ltd., Hongya 620360, China
| | - Shuang You
- Yaomazi Food Co., Ltd., Hongya 620360, China
| | - Chun-Yan Sang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.S.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Jun-Li Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.S.); (J.-L.Y.)
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7
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Huang Y, Jiang J, Wang W, Guo J, Yang N, Zhang J, Liu Q, Chen Y, Hu T, Rao C. Zanthoxylum armatum DC. extract induces liver injury via autophagy suppression and oxidative damage by activation of mTOR/ULK1 pathway. Toxicon 2022; 217:162-172. [PMID: 35977614 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (ZADC) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antibacterial effects. The cytotoxicity of methanol extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (MZADC) has been reported for BRL 3 A cell lines. However, whether MZADC can induce liver damage in vivo remains unclear. Therefore, it is essential to explore whether ZADC causes liver injury and, if the results confirm hepatotoxicity, to further study the potential mechanisms for the in-vitro cytotoxicity of the BRL 3 A cell lines. In vivo, different doses (0.346, 0.519, and 1.038 g/kg/day) of MZADC treatment were given by intragastric administration among male Sprague Dawley rats for 28 days. Levels of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the high dose group increased. Steatosis and focal necrosis were found in liver cells in rats in the high dose group. In vitro, BRL 3 A cells were cultivated with MZADC at different concentrations (30, 50, and 70 μg/mL) for 24 h. The cell viability, the number of autophagosomes, and the expression levels of LC3 and Beclin-1 were on a decreasing trend. Besides, proportions of p-mTOR/mTOR and p-ULK1/ULK1 increased. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were on the rise while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of glutathione (GSH) was on the decline. This research suggests that MZADC may cause rats liver injury and inhibit autophagy in BRL 3 A cells by the mTOR/ULK1 pathway, and further induce intracellular oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Jialuo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Wenlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Jiafu Guo
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Nannan Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Qiuyan Liu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Chaolong Rao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
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Fabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles via microwave and green approaches and their antimicrobial potential. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tian J, Ma Y, Chen Y, Chen X, Wei A. Plant Hormone Response to Low-Temperature Stress in Cold-Tolerant and Cold-Sensitive Varieties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:847202. [PMID: 35574137 PMCID: PMC9102381 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.847202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and survival in nature, its growth process, will be affected by various factors from the environment, among which temperature has a greater impact. In recent years, extreme weather has frequently appeared, and the growth of crops has been increasingly affected by the environment. As an important flavoring and Chinese herbal medicine crop, Zanthoxylum bungeanum is also facing the harm of low-temperature stress. Plant hormones play a vital role in the response of plants to low temperatures. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the hormone components of cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive varieties of Z. bungeanum. Combined with chemometric analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), the hormone component differences and hormone response strategies of Z. bungeanum under low-temperature stress were comprehensively studied. The results showed that 45 hormones were detected in Z. bungeanum. Among them, there were 7 kinds of components with high content and were detected in both two varieties. At the late stage of low-temperature stress, the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA-glucosyl ester (ABA-GE) in Fuguhuajiao (FG) were significantly increased, and the latter served as the storage of the former to supplement the active ABA. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) found that indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (ICAld), meta-Topolin riboside (mTR), cis-Zeatin-O-glucoside riboside (cZROG), and N6-isopentenyladenosine (IPR) in FG were the upregulated important difference components, and IPR and 2-methylthio-cis-zeatin riboside (2MeScZR) in Fengxiandahongpao (FX) were the upregulated important difference components. There were common crossing points and independent response pathways in response to low temperature in two varieties. WGCNA analysis found that the main hormone components were associated with multiple metabolic pathways including carbon, fatty acid, amino acid, and sugar metabolism, indicating that hormone regulation plays an important role in the response of Z. bungeanum to low temperature. This study clarified the hormone response mechanism of Z. bungeanum under low-temperature stress and provided a reference and basis for further improving the cold resistance of Z. bungeanum and cultivating new varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyun Tian
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yao Ma
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yabing Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Anzhi Wei
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Liu X, Tang N, Xu F, Chen Z, Zhang X, Ye J, Liao Y, Zhang W, Kim SU, Wu P, Cao Z. SMRT and Illumina RNA sequencing reveal the complexity of terpenoid biosynthesis in Zanthoxylum armatum. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:664-683. [PMID: 34448876 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum DC) is a popular spice and is often prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine to treat vomiting, diarrhea, ascariasis and eczema, among other conditions. Volatile oils from Z. armatum leaves contain active ingredients, with terpenoids being one of the main components. In the present study, the combination of sequencing data of Z. armatum from PacBio single molecule real time (SMRT) and Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) platforms facilitated an understanding of the gene regulatory network of terpenoid biosynthesis in pepper leaves. The leaves of three developmental stages from two Z. armatum cultivars, 'Rongchangwuci' (WC) and 'Zhuye' (ZY), were selected as test materials to construct sequencing libraries. A total of 143,122 predictions of unique coding sequences, 105,465 simple sequence repeats, 20,145 transcription factors and 4719 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified, and 142,829 transcripts were successfully annotated. The occurrence of alternative splicing events was verified by reverse transcription PCR, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to confirm the expression pattern of six randomly selected lncRNAs. A total of 96,931 differentially expressed genes were filtered from different samples. According to functional annotation, a total of 560 candidate genes were involved in terpenoid synthesis, of which 526 were differentially expressed genes (DEGs). To identify the key genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis, the module genes in different samples, including structural and transcription factors genes, were analyzed using the weighted gene co-expression network method, and the co-expression network of genes was constructed. Thirty-one terpenoids were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The correlation between 18 compounds with significantly different contents and genes with high connectivity in the module was jointly analyzed in both cultivars, yielding 12 candidate DEGs presumably involved in the regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis. Our findings showed that full-length transcriptome SMRT and Illumina RNA-Seq can play an important role in studying organisms without reference genomes and elucidating the gene regulation of a biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Tang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zexiong Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Soo-Un Kim
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Peiyin Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengyan Cao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
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Formulation and evaluation of SGLT2 inhibitory effect of a polyherbal mixture inspired from Ayurvedic system of medicine. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 12:477-487. [PMID: 36081821 PMCID: PMC9446025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The ingredients viz., Artemisia roxburghiana, Cissampelos pareira, Stephania glabra, Drimia indica, Roylea cinerea, Tinospora sinensis and Curcuma longa of the present formulation are used to treat diabetes in the Indian traditional medical system. Adopting the concept of multiple herbal mixtures for better therapeutic effects from the ancient Ayurvedic text Sarangdhar Samhita, the present study aimed to develop a polyherbal formulation (PHF) of seven herbs and to evaluate its sodium-glucose cotransporter protein-2 (SGLT2) inhibitory effect on type 2 diabetic rats. Experimental procedure Streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg) and nicotinamide (NAM) (120 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered to induce type 2 diabetes in Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 5 groups viz. normal control, diabetic control, positive control (dapagliflozin at 0.1 mg/kg) and two test groups (PHF at 250 and 500 mg/kg). Various parameters including blood glucose, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), bilirubin, triglycerides and creatinine were measured. Results and conclusion The treatment with PHF (250 and 500 mg/kg) showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose levels by 56.37% and 58.17%, respectively. The levels of SGOT, SGPT and bilirubin were significantly reduced in PHF-fed diabetic rats. Histopathological examination revealed no major changes in the treated groups as compared to the normal control. The molecular docking study showed strong binding of β-sitosterol, insulanoline, warifteine, dehydrocorydalmine, taraxerol acetate, lupeol, corydalmine and luteolin to SGLT2 protein. The present study concludes that PHF has promising antidiabetic activity via inhibiting SGLT2 protein without showing any adverse effects. Polyherbal formulation is prepared with seven traditional herbs used in diabetes. It showed antihyperglycemic effect in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Liver and kidney functions were found normal in the treated diabetic rats. Histopathology of the liver, kidney and pancreas did not show any toxic sign after the treatment. Molecular docking study showed the SGLT2 inhibitory activity of bioactive compounds.
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Jiang J, Huang Y, Wang W, Sun C, Liu Q, Chen Y, Hu T, Ma X, Peng C, Ma Y, Liu S, Rao C. Activation of ATM/Chk2 by Zanthoxylum armatum DC extract induces DNA damage and G1/S phase arrest in BRL 3A cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114832. [PMID: 34775036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxylum armatum DC is a traditional medicinal plant. It is widely used in clinical treatment and disease prevention in China, India and other regions. Modern studies have reported the phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity and the animal toxicity of Zanthoxylum armatum DC, and the damage of genetic material has been observed in plants, but the detailed mechanism has not been explored. Besides, the toxicity of normal mammalian cells has not been evaluated. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effects and underlying mechanism of genetic material damage in BRL 3A cells induced by Zanthoxylum armatum DC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry was used for identification of compounds in methanol extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. BRL 3A cells were incubated with different concentrations of methanol extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC (24 h). The cytotoxicity of extract was assessed with cell viability, LDH release rate, and ROS production. The damage of genetic material was assessed with OTM value of comet cells, cell cycle and the expression levels of p-ATM, p- Chk2, Cdc25A, and CDK2. RESULTS Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry investigation revealed the presence of compounds belonging to flavonoid, fatty acid and alkaloid groups. The viability of BRL 3A cells was reduced in a time-dose dependent manner treated by methanol extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. It increased LDH release rate and ROS production, activated the DNA double strand damage marker of γH2AX and produced comet cells. In addition, methanol extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC caused ATM-mediated DNA damage, further phosphorylated Chk2, inhibited cell cycle related proteins, and arrested the G1/S cycle. CONCLUSIONS Methanol extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC induces DNA damage and further leads G1/S cell cycle arrest by triggering oxidative stress in the BRL 3A cells. This study provides some useful evidences for its development as an antitumor drug via activation of ATM/Chk2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialuo Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Wenlin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Chen Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Qiuyan Liu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Xiaoju Ma
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Yuntong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Shukun Liu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
| | - Chaolong Rao
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
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Fazle R, Amir Z, Amna N, Achyut A, Irfan U, Shafiq UR. Detailed approach toward the anti-hyperglycemic potential of Sterculia diversifolia G. Don against alloxan-induced in vivo hyperglycemia model. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:17-22. [PMID: 35294118 PMCID: PMC10164638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate Sterculia diversifolia G. Don for potential anti-diabetic activity in the in vivo mouse model of alloxan-induced hyperglycemia. METHODS Sterculia diversifolia (S. diversifolia) was subjected to extraction and isolation techniques and structural characterization of the isolated compounds were performed using spectroscopic methods. The acute toxicity test was performed by orally administering S. diversifolia in doses of 500-2000 mg/kg. For the assessment of anti-hyperglycemic activity, S. diversifolia bark and leaves extracts were administered orally in doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, along with metformin (150 mg/kg, i.p) as positive control, after confirmation of alloxan (150 mg/kg, i.p.) induced hyperglycemia in BALB/c mice. Serum biochemical parameters were monitored for the period of study. RESULTS The phytochemical studies showed the presence of quercetin and kaempferol in S. diversifolia. The IC50 values in the in vivo acute toxicity study revealed the safety margin of S. diversifolia bark (1166.66 mg/kg) and leaves (683.34 mg/kg) extracts. A significant attenuation of alloxan induced hyperglycemia was produced by S. diversifolia extracts at 50 mg/kg (P < 0.05), 100 mg/kg (P < 0.05, < 0.01), and 150 mg/kg (P < 0.05, < 0.01, < 0.001) during 1-4 h, which was comparable to metformin (P < 0.001). Significant (P < 0.001) improvement appeared in blood hemoglobin, protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, HDL, and LDL of the stem bark and leaves extracts treated diabetic mice. CONCLUSION These findings connote the usefulness of S. diversifolia as an anti-diabetic in traditional medicine and this might be attributed to the presence of quercetin and kaempferol, among other phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabbi Fazle
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zada Amir
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Amna
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Adhikari Achyut
- 3 Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kritipur 44613, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ullah Irfan
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ur Rahman Shafiq
- 4 Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (Upper), 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Dawood K, Roohullah, Fazle R, Attiqa N, Muhammad B. In-vitro and in-vivo pharmacological screening of Iris Albican. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:9-16. [PMID: 35322627 PMCID: PMC10164640 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anti-oxidant, enzyme inhibition, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities of Iris albicans. METHODS Anti-oxidant assay was evaluated using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging and ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) inhibitory protocol while enzyme inhibitory assay was evaluated by lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory protocol respectively. Antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic potential was evaluated using brewer's yeast induced pyrexia, carrageenan induced paw edema and streptozocin induced diabetes protocols respectively. Serum biochemical parameters were monitored for the period of study. RESULTS The anti-oxidant activity of chloroform fraction of Iris albicans showed the highest scavenging potential against DPPH and ABTS while the maximum inhibitory action recorded against lipo-oxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes was shown by n-hexane and chloroform fractions respectively. The anti-pyretic potential of the crude methanolic extract showed dose dependent activity in reducing pyrexia, thereby when the dose was increased the anti-pyretic effect was also enhanced. The anti-inflammatory action of the crude methanolic extract administered at the dose of 300 mg/kg was significant at 1 h after its administration, which was found maintained up to 5 h. Similarly the anti-diabetic effect of the crude methanolic extract administered at the dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg was noted highly significant at day 6 and was found well maintained throughout the study time period up to 10 days. Significant (P < 0.001) improvement appeared in hemoglobin, protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, HDL and LDL of extract treated diabetic mice. CONCLUSION From this data it could be concluded that Iris albicans have significant anti-oxidant, enzyme inhibition, ant-pyretic, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Dawood
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Roohullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rabbi Fazle
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Naz Attiqa
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Okagu IU, Ndefo JC, Aham EC, Udenigwe CC. Zanthoxylum Species: A Comprehensive Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134023. [PMID: 34209371 PMCID: PMC8272177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zanthoxylum species (Syn. Fagara species) of the Rutaceae family are widely used in many countries as food and in trado-medicinal practice due to their wide geographical distribution and medicinal properties. Peer reviewed journal articles and ethnobotanical records that reported the traditional knowledge, phytoconstituents, biological activities and toxicological profiles of Z. species with a focus on metabolic and neuronal health were reviewed. It was observed that many of the plant species are used as food ingredients and in treating inflammation, pain, hypertension and brain diseases. Over 500 compounds have been isolated from Z. species, and the biological activities of both the plant extracts and their phytoconstituents, including their mechanisms of action, are discussed. The phytochemicals responsible for the biological activities of some of the species are yet to be identified. Similarly, biological activities of some isolated compounds remain unknown. Taken together, the Z. species extracts and compounds possess promising biological activities and should be further explored as potential sources of new nutraceuticals and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Uzochukwu Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; (I.U.O.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Joseph Chinedu Ndefo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (J.C.N.); (C.C.U.)
| | - Emmanuel Chigozie Aham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; (I.U.O.); (E.C.A.)
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.C.N.); (C.C.U.)
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Zhang D, Liu X, Yang Z, Shi J, Zhao L, Battino M, Xiao J, Deng X, Wu Y, Wang C, Shi B, Zou X. Interactions between Phenols and Alkylamides of Sichuan Pepper ( Zanthoxylum Genus) in α-Glucosidase Inhibition: A Structural Mechanism Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5583-5598. [PMID: 33977724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The phenols and alkylamides in 26 varieties of Zanthoxylum pericarps (ZP) were comparatively identified, and the contribution of these key components to the inhibition of in vitro α-glucosidase (α-Glu) was confirmed using principal component analysis (PCA) and ingredient recombination models. Additionally, spectrophotometric assays, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and molecular docking (MD) were employed to characterize the interactions among key components in ZP when exposed to α-Glu. Four phenols and hydroxy-α-sanshool (α-SOH), which were recognized as main ingredients, presented an antagonistic effect in the inhibition of α-Glu. 1H NMR demonstrated chemical shifts of certain hydrogens in the B phenolic ring and tetraenyl group, indicating a possible p-π conjugation between phenols and α-SOH. In addition, using MD analysis, the phenol-binding sites were observed to be negatively affected when α-SOH initially interacted with α-Glu. The combined results of the NMR and MD clarified the structural mechanism behind phenol/α-SOH antagonistic behavior in α-Glu inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.,Jiangsu Hengshun Group Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Xuhao Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhikun Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiyong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Food and Agriculture Standardization Institute, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Maurizio Battino
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xinyue Deng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bolin Shi
- Food and Agriculture Standardization Institute, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Kumar S, Mittal A, Babu D, Mittal A. Herbal Medicines for Diabetes Management and its Secondary Complications. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:437-456. [PMID: 33143632 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666201103143225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is concerning for people all over the world. DM is caused due to lack of insulin or ineffective production of insulin in the pancreas. A total of 463 million people were reported to have diabetes mellitus in 2019 and this number is predicted to rise up to 578 million by the year 2030 and 700 million by 2045. High blood sugar gives rise to many complications like diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, atherosclerosis, hypercoagulability, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, foot damage, skin complications, Alzheimer's disease, hearing impairment, and depression. These life-threatening complications make diabetes more severe than other diseases. Many synthetic drugs have been developed, but still, a complete cure is not provided by any of the molecules. Continuous use of some synthetic agents causes severe side effects, and thus the demand for non-toxic, affordable drugs still persists. Traditional treatments have been an extremely valued source of medicine all over human history. These are extensively used throughout the world, indicating that herbs are a growing part of modern and high-tech medicines. The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed a total of 21,000 plants, which are used for medicinal purposes around the world. Among them, more than 400 plants are available for the treatment of diabetes. Despite the fact that there are many herbal drugs available for treating diabetes, only a small number of these plants have undergone scientific and medical evaluation to assess their efficacy. Trigonella foenum-graecum, Allium sativum, Caesalpinia bonduc, Ferula assafoetida,etc., are some of the medicinal plants used for antidiabetic therapy. The presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, and coumarins is responsible for the antidiabetic nature of the medicinal plants. These constituents have shown a reduction in blood glucose levels. Pycnogenol, acarbose, miglitol, and voglibose are some of the examples of marketed drugs, which are obtained from natural origin and used as antidiabetic drugs. The active principles derived from the plants work through many antidiabetic mechanisms, which include inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B activities. One of the major advantages of herbal drugs is the low level of side effects attributed to these medicines, and this attracted various researchers to develop new molecules for the treatment of diabetes. In this review, recent advances in the field of herbal drugs to treat diabetes, prevent secondary complications from arising due to diabetes, and various herbal molecules in different stages of clinical trials will be emphasized upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes, Campus-2, Near Baddowal Cantt. Ferozepur Road, Ludhiana-142021, India
| | - Anu Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University College, Patti, Distt. Tarn Taran, India
| | - Dinesh Babu
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Amit Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara (Punjab) 144411, India
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Curative Effect of Catechin Isolated from Elaeagnus Umbellata Thunb. Berries for Diabetes and Related Complications in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Model. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010137. [PMID: 33396845 PMCID: PMC7794731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, catechin (CTN) isolated from Elaeagnus umbellata was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant potential and inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase). The compound was also tested for its in vivo antidiabetic potential using Sprague-Dawley rats as experimental animals. The effects of various doses of catechin in STZ (Streptozotocin) induced diabetic rats on fasting blood glucose level, body weight, lipid parameters, hepatic enzymes, and renal functions were evaluated using the reported protocols. The CTN exhibited the highest percent antioxidant for free radical scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS free radicals, and inhibited the activity of carbohydrate digestive enzymes (with percent inhibition values: 79 ± 1.5% α-amylase and 80 ± 1.1% α-glucosidase). Administration CTN and standard glibenclamide significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose level and increased the body weight in STZ-induced diabetic rats. CTN significantly decreased the different lipid parameters, hepatic, and renal function enzyme levels along with Hb1c level in diabetic rats, while significantly increasing the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level with values comparable to the standard glibenclamide. Further, the altered levels of glutathione and lipid peroxides of liver and kidney tissues were restored (by CTN) to levels similar to the control group. CTN significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme activities, total content of reduced glutathione, and reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in rat liver and kidney tissues homogenates, and also corrected the histopathological abnormalities, suggesting its antioxidant potential.
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Furman BL, Candasamy M, Bhattamisra SK, Veettil SK. Reduction of blood glucose by plant extracts and their use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus; discrepancies in effectiveness between animal and human studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112264. [PMID: 31600561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The global problem of diabetes, together with the limited access of large numbers of patients to conventional antidiabetic medicines, continues to drive the search for new agents. Ancient Asian systems such as traditional Chinese medicine, Japanese Kampo medicine, and Indian Ayurvedic medicine, as well as African traditional medicine and many others have identified numerous plants reported anecdotally to treat diabetes; there are probably more than 800 such plants for which there is scientific evidence for their activity, mostly from studies using various models of diabetes in experimental animals. AIM OF THE REVIEW Rather than a comprehensive coverage of the literature, this article aims to identify discrepancies between findings in animal and human studies, and to highlight some of the problems in developing plant extract-based medicines that lower blood glucose in patients with diabetes, as well as to suggest potential ways forward. METHODS In addition to searching the 2018 PubMed literature using the terms 'extract AND blood glucose, a search of the whole literature was conducted using the terms 'plant extracts' AND 'blood glucose' AND 'diabetes' AND 'double blind' with 'clinical trials' as a filter. A third search using PubMed and Medline was undertaken for systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the effects of plant extracts on blood glucose/glycosylated haemoglobin in patients with relevant metabolic pathologies. FINDINGS Despite numerous animal studies demonstrating the effects of plant extracts on blood glucose, few randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have been conducted to confirm efficacy in treating humans with diabetes; there have been only a small number of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of clinical studies. Qualitative and quantitative discrepancies between animal and human clinical studies in some cases were marked; the factors contributing to this included variations in the products among different studies, the doses used, differences between animal models and the human disease, and the impact of concomitant therapy in patients, as well as differences in the duration of treatment, and the fact that treatment in animals may begin before or very soon after the induction of diabetes. CONCLUSION The potential afforded by natural products has not yet been realised in the context of treating diabetes mellitus. A systematic, coordinated, international effort is required to achieve the goal of providing anti-diabetic treatments derived from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Furman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street Glasgow, G4 ORE, Scotland, UK.
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sajesh K Veettil
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Hui WK, Zhao FY, Wang JY, Chen XY, Li JW, Zhong Y, Li HY, Zheng JX, Zhang LZ, Que QM, Wu AM, Gong W. De novo transcriptome assembly for the five major organs of Zanthoxylum armatum and the identification of genes involved in terpenoid compound and fatty acid metabolism. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:81. [PMID: 31992199 PMCID: PMC6986037 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zanthoxylum armatum (Z. armatum) is a highly economically important tree that presents a special numbing taste. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of the numbing taste remains poorly understood. Thus, the elucidation of the key genes associated with numbing taste biosynthesis pathways is critical for providing genetic information on Z. armatumand the breeding of high-quality germplasms of this species. Results Here, de novo transcriptome assembly was performed for the five major organs of Z. armatum, including the roots, stems, leaf buds, mature leaves and fruits. A total of 111,318 unigenes were generated with an average length of 1014 bp. Additionally, a large number of SSRs were obtained to improve our understanding of the phylogeny and genetics of Z. armatum. The organ-specific unigenes of the five major samples were screened and annotated via GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. A total of 53 and 34 unigenes that were exclusively upregulated in fruit samples were identified as candidate unigenes for terpenoid biosynthesis or fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation and degradation pathways, respectively. Moreover, 40 days after fertilization (Fr4 stage) could be an important period for the accumulation of terpenoid compounds during the fruit development and maturation of Z. armatum. The Fr4 stage could be a key point at which the first few steps of the fatty acid biosynthesis process are promoted, and the catalysis of subsequent reactions could be significantly induced at 62 days after fertilization (Fr6 stage). Conclusions The present study realized de novo transcriptome assembly for the five major organs of Z. armatum. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first comprehensive analysis revealing the genes underlying the special numbing taste of Z. armatum. The assembled transcriptome profiles expand the available genetic information on this species and will contribute to gene functional studies, which will aid in the engineering of high-quality cultivars of Z. armatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Hui
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fei-Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jing-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jue-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hong-Yun Li
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center in Yantan District, Zigong, 643030, China
| | - Jun-Xing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Liang-Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qing-Min Que
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Wei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Khursheed R, Singh SK, Wadhwa S, Kapoor B, Gulati M, Kumar R, Ramanunny AK, Awasthi A, Dua K. Treatment strategies against diabetes: Success so far and challenges ahead. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Rashid U, Khan MR, Sajid M. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic effects of Fagonia olivieri DC on STZ-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats - In vivo and in vitro study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:112038. [PMID: 31247238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fagonia olivieri (Zygophyllaceae) is used in Pakistan for management of diabetes and for treatment of stress related disorders of liver and kidneys. The objective of present study was to evaluate antidiabetic activity of F. olivieri using streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rat model. METHODS Powder of the whole plant of F. olivieri was extracted with methanol (FOME) and the residue was fractionated with n-hexane (FOHE), chloroform (FOCE), ethyl acetate (FOCE), n-butanol (FOBE) and the remaining soluble aqueous fraction (FOAE). The extract/fractions were evaluated for in vitro inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase and for the antidiabetic studies in Sprague-Dawley rats. FOAE was evaluated in 21 day chronic multiple dose study. Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) and FOAE were used at a concentration of 200 mg/kg (164.8 μg of catechin) and 400 mg/kg (329.6 μg of catechin) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Various serum parameters, blood cell parameters and oxidative stress induced parameters of the liver and kidneys were investigated. RESULTS Results showed that aqueous fraction of F. olivieri (FOAE) potentially inhibited activity of pancreatic α-amylase, intestinal maltase and sucrase. Administration of FOAE (200 mg/kg; 400 mg/kg) to diabetic rats for 21 days increased body weight, hemoglobin and its indices, RBCs, platelets, lymphocytes and neutrophils against diabetic group. In serum level of glucose, transaminases, ALP, LDH, total bilirubin, creatinine and lipids decreased while insulin, total protein and albumin increased in contrast to diabetic group. Further, level of cytokines; TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and altered level of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione and lipid peroxides of liver and kidney tissues restored towards control animals. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that FOAE inhibited activity of digestive enzymes and exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemic activity in STZ-nicotinamide prompted diabetic rats and suggested that FOAE might be used as a therapeutic agent for the management of type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umbreen Rashid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Moniba Sajid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Quantitative ethnopharmacological profiling of medicinal shrubs used by indigenous communities of Rawalakot, District Poonch, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mirza AU, Khan MS, Nami SAA, Kareem A, Rehman S, Bhat SA, Nishat N. Copper Oxide Nanomaterials Derived from Zanthoxylum armatum DC. and Berberis lycium Royle Plant Species: Characterization, Assessment of Free Radical Scavenging and Antibacterial Activity. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900145. [PMID: 31207044 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanomaterials were synthesized by a facile sustainable biological method using two plant species (Zanthoxylum armatum DC. and Berberis lycium Royle). The formation of materials was confirmed by FT-IR, ATR, UV-visible, XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, TGA and PL. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method to ascertain the efficacy of plant species extract and extract derived copper oxide nanomaterials against six Gram-positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium xerosis, Bacillus cereus and four Gram-negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris against the standard drug, Ciprofloxacin for Gram-positive and Gentamicin for Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. In both cases, copper oxide nanomaterials were found to be sensitive in all the bacterial species. Sensitivity of copper oxide nanomaterials shows an be higher as compared to plant species extract against different bacteria. Scavenging activity of plant extracts along with nanomaterials have been accessed using previously reported protocols employing ascorbic acid as standard. Scavenging activity of copper oxide nanomaterials shows an increase with increase in concentration. The biological activity (bactericidal and scavenging efficiency) of plant derived copper oxide nanomaterials revealed that these materials can be used as potent antimicrobial agent and DPPH scavengers in industrial as well as pharmacological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Ullah Mirza
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mohd Shoeb Khan
- Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Center, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Shahab A A Nami
- Department of Kulliyat, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Abdul Kareem
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sumbul Rehman
- Department of Ilmul Advia, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmad Bhat
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Nahid Nishat
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
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Liu YL, Gao LL, Song TT, Guo T, Chang J. Two new sesquiterpenoid glycosides from the stems of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:3036-3041. [PMID: 31240950 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1607332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two new sesquiterpenoid glycosides as dihydrophaseic acid 4'-O-[6″-O-(4″'-hydroxy-3″', 5″'-dimethoxy) benzoyl)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and dihydrophaseic acid 4'-O-[6″-O-(3″'-methoxy- 4″'-hydroxy) benzoyl)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), were isolated from the stems of Zanthoxylum armatum in the study. The compound 1 and 2 showed moderate scavenging activity in DPPH free radical assay with IC50 values of 241 and 264 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450056, China
| | - Liang-Liang Gao
- School of life sciences and health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, china
| | - Tong-Tong Song
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Tao Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450056, China
| | - Jun Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Kumar A, Aswal S, Chauhan A, Semwal RB, Kumar A, Semwal DK. Ethnomedicinal Investigation of Medicinal Plants of Chakrata Region (Uttarakhand) Used in the Traditional Medicine for Diabetes by Jaunsari Tribe. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2019; 9:175-200. [PMID: 30968350 PMCID: PMC6538708 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-019-0202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Himalayan region is the treasure house of natural wealth, particularly of medicinal and aromatic plants. These plants are used by the Indian traditional healers for the past many centuries to treat various ailments such as skin disorders, asthma, diabetes, snake bite, fever, pain, eye diseases, diarrhoea, indigestion, jaundice, burn, wound, liver disorder, CNS disorders and urinary tract infection. The indigenous traditional knowledge of medicinal plants and therapies of various local communities has been lost due to changes in traditional culture and the introduction of modern technologies. Therefore, it is essential to explore the traditional knowledge of the indigenous medicinal plants mainly in such areas where there is a severe threat to natural vegetation owing to human inhabitation. The present study aimed to explore the medicinal plants of Chakrata region (Jaunsar-Bawar Hills), Uttarakhand, India used in the folk medicine for the management of diabetes by Jaunsari Tribe. In a comprehensive field survey, the information about the medicinal plants have been mainly collected from the traditional healers and other elderly people belong to the tribal community. All the information about the medicinal plants of the study area was documented in a field book. Various tools have been used to collect the samples for identification purpose and the authentication of the plants was done with the help of taxonomists. The literature on these plants was also searched from online (PubMed and Scopus) as well as from some textbooks and Ayurvedic classical texts. The present survey-based work described a total of 54 plants belonging to 47 genera and 30 families used in the traditional medicine for the management of diabetes in Chakrata region. The information gathered from the local community revealed that the plants are effective in diabetes and one can use most of them without consulting a practitioner or traditional healer. The literature revealed that most of the surveyed plants are already used in the preparation of various antidiabetic formulations such as Chandraprabha vati, Nishamalaki chunra, Amritamehari churna and Nisakathakadi kashayam along with various patent drugs which are frequently prescribed by the Ayurvedic practitioners in India. The present study explored the traditional as well as scientific knowledge on the antidiabetic plants used by the tribal community. The documented information on these plants can be further used by the scientific community to develop new drugs/formulations with the help of modern techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar
- Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Sonali Aswal
- Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Ashutosh Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Ruchi Badoni Semwal
- Department of Chemistry, Pt. Lalit Mohan Sharma Government Postgraduate College, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249201, India
| | - Abhimanyu Kumar
- Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Semwal
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun, 248001, India.
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Single-Molecule Long-Read Sequencing of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Transcriptome: Identification of Aroma-Related Genes. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9120765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. is an economically important tree species that is resistant to drought and infertility, and has potential medicinal and edible value. However, comprehensive genomic data are not yet available for this species, limiting its potential utility for medicinal use, breeding programs, and cultivation. Transcriptome sequencing provides an effective approach to remedying this shortcoming. Herein, single-molecule long-read sequencing and next-generation sequencing approaches were used in parallel to obtain transcript isoform structure and gene functional information in Z. bungeanum. In total, 282,101 reads of inserts (ROIs) were identified, including 134,074 full-length non-chimeric reads, among which 65,711 open reading frames (ORFs), 50,135 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), and 1492 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were detected. Functional annotation revealed metabolic pathways related to aroma components and color characteristics in Z. bungeanum. Unexpectedly, 30 transcripts were annotated as genes involved in regulating the pathogenesis of breast and colorectal cancers. This work provides a comprehensive transcriptome resource for Z. bungeanum, and lays a foundation for the further investigation and utilization of Zanthoxylum resources.
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