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Jama HA, Snelson M, Schutte AE, Muir J, Marques FZ. Recommendations for the Use of Dietary Fiber to Improve Blood Pressure Control. Hypertension 2024; 81:1450-1459. [PMID: 38586958 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
According to several international, regional, and national guidelines on hypertension, lifestyle interventions are the first-line treatment to lower blood pressure (BP). Although diet is one of the major lifestyle modifications described in hypertension guidelines, dietary fiber is not specified. Suboptimal intake of foods high in fiber, such as in Westernized diets, is a major contributing factor to mortality and morbidity of noncommunicable diseases due to higher BP and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we address this deficiency by examining and advocating for the incorporation of dietary fiber as a key lifestyle modification to manage elevated BP. We explain what dietary fiber is, review the existing literature that supports its use to lower BP and prevent cardiovascular disease, describe the mechanisms involved, propose evidence-based target levels of fiber intake, provide examples of how patients can achieve the recommended targets, and discuss outstanding questions in the field. According to the evidence reviewed here, the minimum daily dietary fiber for adults with hypertension should be >28 g/day for women and >38 g/day for men, with each extra 5 g/day estimated to reduce systolic BP by 2.8 mm Hg and diastolic BP by 2.1 mm Hg. This would support a healthy gut microbiota and the production of gut microbiota-derived metabolites called short-chain fatty acids that lower BP. Awareness about dietary fiber targets and how to achieve them will guide medical teams on better educating patients and empowering them to increase their fiber intake and, as a result, lower their BP and cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi A Jama
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (H.A.J., M.S., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Snelson
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (H.A.J., M.S., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute (M.S., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (A.E.S.)
- George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.E.S.)
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team, MRC Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (A.E.S.)
| | - Jane Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Translational Medicine (J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (H.A.J., M.S., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute (M.S., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (F.Z.M.)
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Ge Q, Yan Y, Luo Y, Teng T, Cao C, Zhao D, Zhang J, Li C, Chen W, Yang B, Yi Z, Chang T, Chen X. Dietary supplements: clinical cholesterol-lowering efficacy and potential mechanisms of action. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:349-368. [PMID: 38659110 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2342301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This review aims to analyse the efficacy of dietary supplements in reducing plasma cholesterol levels. Focusing on evidence from meta-analyses of randomised controlled clinical trials, with an emphasis on potential mechanisms of action as supported by human, animal, and cell studies. Certain dietary supplements including phytosterols, berberine, viscous soluble dietary fibres, garlic supplements, soy protein, specific probiotic strains, and certain polyphenol extracts could significantly reduce plasma total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by 3-25% in hypercholesterolemic patients depending on the type of supplement. They tended to be more effective in reducing plasma LDL cholesterol level in hypercholesterolemic individuals than in normocholesterolemic individuals. These supplements worked by various mechanisms, such as enhancing the excretion of bile acids, inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines, increasing the expression of hepatic LDL receptors, suppressing the activity of enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis, and activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ge
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Ningxia Institute of Science and Technology Development Strategy and Information, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tai Teng
- Ningxia Guolong Hospital Co., LTD, Yinchuan, China
| | - Caixia Cao
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Danqing Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Caihong Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Binkun Yang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zicheng Yi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengwen Chang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
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Wilson-Barnes SL, Pagkalos I, Patra E, Kokkinopoulou A, Hassapidou M, Lalama E, Csanalosi M, Kabisch S, Pfeiffer AFH, DeCorte E, Cornelissen V, Bacelar P, Balula Dias S, Stefanidis K, Tsatsou D, Gymnopoulos L, Dimitropoulos K, Rouskas K, Argiriou N, Leoni R, Botana JM, Russell D, Lanham-New SA, Hart K. The development of an EU-wide nutrition and physical activity expert knowledge base to support a personalised mobile application across various EU population groups. NUTR BULL 2024; 49:220-234. [PMID: 38773712 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
A healthy lifestyle comprising regular physical activity and an adequate diet is imperative for the prevention of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and some cancers. Advances in information computer technology offer the opportunity to provide personalised lifestyle advice directly to the individual through devices such as smartphones or tablets. The overall aim of the PROTEIN project (Wilson-Barnes et al., 2021) was to develop a smartphone application that could provide tailored and dynamic nutrition and physical activity advice directly to the individual in real time. However, to create this mobile health (m-health) smartphone application, a knowledge base of reference ranges for macro-/micronutrient intake, anthropometry, biochemical, physiological and sleep parameters was required to underpin the parameters of the recommender systems. Therefore, the principal aim of this emerging research paper is to describe the process by which experts in nutrition and physiology from the PROTEIN consortium collaborated to develop the nutritional and physical activity requirements, based upon existing recommendations, for 10 separate population groups living within the EU including, but not limited to healthy adults, adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, excess weight, obesity and iron deficiency anaemia. A secondary aim is to describe the development of a library of 24-h meal plans appropriate for the same groups and also encompassing various dietary preferences and allergies. Overall, the consortium devised an extensive nutrition and physical activity knowledge base that is pertinent to 10 separate EU user groups, is available in 7 different languages and is practically implemented via a library of culturally appropriate, 24-h meal plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Wilson-Barnes
- School of Biosciences & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - I Pagkalos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Patra
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Kokkinopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Hassapidou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Lalama
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Csanalosi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Kabisch
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - E DeCorte
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Cornelissen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Bacelar
- Healthium/Nutrium Software, Porto e Região, Portugal
| | - S Balula Dias
- Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Human, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - K Stefanidis
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Tsatsou
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - L Gymnopoulos
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K Dimitropoulos
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K Rouskas
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N Argiriou
- Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | - S A Lanham-New
- School of Biosciences & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - K Hart
- School of Biosciences & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Cheng FW, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Shamah-Levy T, Pérez-Tepayo S, Ford NA. Association Between Avocado Consumption and Diabetes in Mexican Adults: Results From the 2012, 2016, and 2018 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024:S2212-2672(24)00192-8. [PMID: 38648888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avocado contains numerous vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals that can contribute to reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. However, limited studies have examined the association between avocados and diabetes risk. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between avocado consumption and diabetes by sex in Mexican adults. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants included a subsample of adults (aged 20 years and older) from the 2012, 2016, and 2018 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey. Avocado consumption was assessed using a 7-day, semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and participants were classified as avocado consumers (consuming any amount of avocado) or nonconsumers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants were considered to have diabetes if they answered "yes" to "Has a doctor ever told that you have diabetes or high blood sugar?" STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED This analysis assessed the association between avocado intake and diabetes using multivariate logistic models by sex and adjusted for relevant covariates. RESULTS Of 28 239 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012, 2016, and 2018 participants, 25 640 met the criteria (ie, have diabetes outcome and plausible energy and avocado intakes) for this study. More than half of the participants were women, and approximately 45% were avocado consumers, with an average (SE) avocado consumption of 34.7 (0.9) among men and 29.8 (0.8) g/day among women. Avocado consumers had lower odds of diabetes in both unadjusted (odds ratio [OR] 0.762, 95% CI 0.639 to 0.907) and adjusted (OR 0.792, 95% CI 0.632 to 0.993) models among women but not men (OR 1.192, 95% CI: 0.907 to 1.566 and OR 0.914, 95% CI 0.675 to 1.239 for unadjusted and adjusted models, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Avocado consumption was associated with a lower risk of diabetes, which remained significant even when adjusted for relevant covariates. However, this finding was observed in only women, not men, underscoring the importance of personalized nutrition in diabetes care and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feon W Cheng
- Avocado Nutrition Center, Mission Viejo, California
| | - Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sandra Pérez-Tepayo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Nikki A Ford
- Avocado Nutrition Center, Mission Viejo, California
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Zhang Y, Huang K, Duan J, Zhao R, Yang L. Gut microbiota connects the brain and the heart: potential mechanisms and clinical implications. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:637-651. [PMID: 38407637 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, high morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and high comorbidity rate of neuropsychiatric disorders contribute to global burden of health and economics. Consequently, a discipline concerning abnormal connections between the brain and the heart and the resulting disease states, known as psychocardiology, has garnered interest among researchers. However, identifying a common pathway that physicians can modulate remains a challenge. Gut microbiota, a constituent part of the human intestinal ecosystem, is likely involved in mutual mechanism CVDs and neuropsychiatric disorder share, which could be a potential target of interventions in psychocardiology. This review aimed to discuss complex interactions from the perspectives of microbial and intestinal dysfunction, behavioral factors, and pathophysiological changes and to present possible approaches to regulating gut microbiota, both of which are future directions in psychocardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jiahao Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China.
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Okekunle AP, Asowata OJ, Akpa OM, Fakunle AG, Bodunde I, Komolafe M, Arulogun O, Sarfo FS, Obiako R, Osaigbovo G, Ogbole G, Bello A, Adeniyi S, Calys-Tagoe B, Appiah L, Jenkins C, Oyinloye O, Dambatta H, Balogun O, Singh A, Olalere A, Mensah Y, Ogah OS, Ibinaiye P, Adebayo O, Adebajo O, Adebayo P, Chukwuonye I, Akinyemi R, Ovbiagele B, Owolabi M. Dietary patterns associated with hypertension among stroke-free indigenous Africans: insights from the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network study. J Hypertens 2024; 42:620-628. [PMID: 38230616 PMCID: PMC11126300 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dietary factors associated with the high burden of hypertension among indigenous Africans remain poorly understood. We assessed the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertension among indigenous Africans. METHOD In this study, 1550 participants with hypertension matched (for age: ± 5 years, sex and ethnicity) with 1550 participants without hypertension were identified from the stroke-free population in the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network study in Ghana and Nigeria. Food consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary information was summarized using principal component analysis to identify seven dietary patterns. Conditional logistic regression was applied to compute the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of hypertension by tertiles of dietary patterns adjusting for age, education, income, smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity, family history of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and salt intake at a two-sided P less than 0.05. RESULTS Multivariable-adjusted OR [95% confidence interval (CI)] for risk of hypertension by second and third tertiles [using the lowest (first) tertile as reference] of dietary patterns were 0.62 (0.48-0.80), 0.70 (0.54-0.90) for whole grains and fruit drinks; 0.87 (0.68-1.12), 0.83 (0.64-1.08) for fruits; 0.85 (0.65-1.10), 0.97 (0.75-1.26) for vegetables, legumes and potatoes; 0.78 (0.60-1.00), 0.84 (0.65-1.08) for fried foods and sweetened drinks; 1.13 (0.88-1.45), 0.80 (0.62-1.03) for poultry product and organ meat; 1.11 (0.86-1.43), 0.88 (0.68-1.14) for red meat; and 1.14 (0.88-1.48), 1.09 (0.84-1.43) for processed foods ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A higher adherence to dietary consumption of whole grains and fruits was inversely associated with low odds of hypertension in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Koreay
| | | | - Onoja Matthew Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Ibadan
| | - Adekunle Gregory Fakunle
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State
| | | | - Morenikeji Komolafe
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife
| | - Oyedunni Arulogun
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fred Stephen Sarfo
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | | | - Godwin Ogbole
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan
| | - Abiodun Bello
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Adeniyi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Benedict Calys-Tagoe
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Lambert Appiah
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | - Olalekan Oyinloye
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife
| | | | | | - Arti Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Yaw Mensah
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rufus Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training College of Medicine
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Mayowa Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Lebanese American University of Beirut, Lebanon
- Blossom Specialist Medican Centre, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Sun C, Li J, Zhao Z, Ren S, Guan Y, Zhang M, Li T, Tan L, Yao Q, Chen L. The correlation between fruit intake and all-cause mortality in hypertensive patients: a 10-year follow-up study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1363574. [PMID: 38585613 PMCID: PMC10995410 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1363574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Extensive research has consistently shown the beneficial impact of fruit consumption on overall health. While some studies have proposed a potential association between fruit consumption and hypertension management, the influence of fruit consumption on mortality rates among hypertensive individuals remains uncertain. Consequently, aim of this study is to evaluate whether fruit consumption is associated with all-cause mortality among hypertensive patients. Methods Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted between 2003 and 2006. Ten-year follow-up data from the National Death Index (NDI) were used to assess all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard model was utilized to explore the impact of fruit intake on all-cause mortality among hypertensive individuals. Results The study included a cohort of 2,480 patients diagnosed with hypertension, and during the follow-up period, a total of 658 deaths from various causes were recorded. The COX regression analysis demonstrated that hypertensive patients who consumed apples three to six times per week exhibited a significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.45-0.78, p < 0.001) in comparison to those who consumed apples less than once per month. Likewise, consuming bananas three to six times per week also led to a comparable outcome (HR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.59-0.97, p = 0.027). Moreover, Combined consumption of bananas and apples three to six times per week exhibited a noteworthy decrease in all-cause mortality (HR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.39-0.84, p = 0.005) when compared to individuals who consumed these fruits less frequently. Conversely, no significant association was found between the consumption of other fruits, including pears, pineapples, and grapes, and all-cause mortality. Conclusion The study discovered that moderate consumption of apples and bananas was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality in patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Li
- General Practice Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zeyuan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shupeng Ren
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Miaoan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianfeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Linglin Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiying Yao
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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8
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Shen Y, Yuan Q, Shi M, Luo B. Higher insoluble fiber intake is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer: results from the PLCO cohort. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:234. [PMID: 38243202 PMCID: PMC10799495 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies regarding the relationship between fiber intake and prostate cancer (PCa) have conflicting results. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between fiber intake and the risk of PCa by using data from Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. A total of 54,336 participants in the United States, consisting of 6,414 patients with PCa, were included in this study. Multivariate Cox regression models were applied to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile, individuals in the highest quartile of insoluble fiber intake had a significantly lower risk of PCa (aHR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.98). By contrast, no significant associations were detected between total fiber intake (aHR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80-1.01) or soluble fiber intake (aHR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80-1.02). Subgroup analyses showed that insoluble fiber was related to a decreased risk of PCa in subjects with the following characteristics: age > 65 years, nonsmoking or former smokers, education level ≤ high school, non-Hispanic white ethnicity, or without a family history of PCa. In addition, significant combined effects of insoluble fiber intake, age and family history of PCa on the risk of PCa were observed, but no combined effects of smoking status and insoluble fiber intake were observed. In addition, total fiber, insoluble fiber, and soluble fiber intake had no influence on the mortality of PCa patients. These results show that all 3 measures of fiber suggest a protective association, but insoluble fiber may have a stronger association with the risk of PCa. Future studies are warranted to further investigate these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing, University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Qinbo Yuan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Minhong Shi
- Department of Medical Prevention, Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Banxin Luo
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210000, China.
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9
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Li B, Lu C, Liu Y, Wang X, Fu H, Li C, Sun M, Zhang Y, Li M. Antihypertensive effect and mechanism of the traditional recipe of medicine food homology (Buyang Huanwu Decoction) in China: Meta analysis and network pharmacological exploration. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23474. [PMID: 38205319 PMCID: PMC10776952 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension has become a part of the lives of many people worldwide. With the development, an increasing number of people have begun to control their hypertension through products of medicine food homology, such as Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD). However, there has been no objective review of the regulation of hypertension by BYHWD. Methods As of 9 October 2023, this review made a detailed search of nine databases to look for random controlled trials (RCTs) focused on the use of BYHWD for treating hypertension. This was followed by network pharmacological analysis, and molecular docking assessment using AutoDockTools to explore the mode of action. Results BYHWD was effective in reducing SBP (MD: 0.767; 95 % CI: 0.629, 0.905; p = 0.000), DBP (MD: 0.427; 95 % CI: 0.292, 0.561; p = 0.000), 24h SBP (MD: 0.665; 95 % CI: 0.368, 0.962; p = 0.000), 24h DBP (MD: 0.547; 95 % CI: 0.318, 0.777; p = 0.000), dSBP (MD: 0.625; 95 % CI: 0.395, 0.855; p = 0.000), dDBP (MD: 0.632; 95 % CI: 0.401, 0.862; p = 0.000), nSBP (MD: 0.859; 95 % CI: 0.340, 1.377; p = 0.001), nDBP (MD: 0.704; 95 % CI: 0.297, 1.112; p = 0.001), pv (MD: 1.311; 95 % CI: 0.363, 2.259; p = 0.007) and NIHSS (MD: 1.149; 95 % CI: 0.100, 2.199; p = 0.032), and elevating CER (OR = 2.848; 95 % CI: 1.388, 5.843; p = 0.004). However, BYHWD did not significantly reduce HCY, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of AE. In terms of the mechanism of action, the main active ingredient of BYHWD is quercetin, and the core targets are AKT1, MMP9, and others. Molecular docking also showed that quercetin mainly interacts with the amino acid residue CYS-28 of MMP2. Second, the KEGG analysis showed that BYHWD mainly act on HIF-1, Apelin, and cGMP-PKG signalling pathways, and GO analysis showed that it related to the apical part of the cell, circulatory system processes, and nuclear receptor activity. Conclusion: BYHWD can lowered blood pressure, reduced plasma viscosity, and restored neurological function with good tolerability, and had no significant effect on HCY levels. This study further demonstrated that quercetin is the main active ingredient of BYHWD that acts via the AKT1 and HIF-1 signalling pathways. These results provide new guidance for people's dietary choices by the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Chang Lu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Yibo Liu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Haiqi Fu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Changyi Li
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Mingjuan Sun
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010050, China
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10
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Mirrafiei A, Jayedi A, Shab-Bidar S. Total and different dietary fiber subtypes and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Food Funct 2023; 14:10667-10680. [PMID: 37997693 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo04024g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to conduct a comprehensive review of the association between dietary fiber and the risk of mortality. We did a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to November 2022 to find prospective cohort studies of the relationship between total and subtypes of dietary fiber and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular (CVD), and cancer mortality in the general population. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects model. A total of 28 studies with 1 613 885 participants were included. Higher intake of total and subtypes of dietary fiber including cereal, vegetable, legume, soluble, and insoluble fiber, but not fruit fiber, was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, with HRs ranging from 0.77 for insoluble fiber to 0.93 for legume fiber. Similar findings were observed for CVD mortality, where higher intake of total and all subtypes of dietary fiber was each associated with a lower risk. Higher intake of total, cereal, vegetable, and insoluble fiber was also associated with a lower risk of cancer mortality. No association was found between the intake of fruit, legume, and soluble fiber and cancer mortality. Dose-response meta-analyses suggested an inverse association between total fiber intake and the risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. The certainty of evidence was rated moderate for the association of total fiber with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. In conclusion, our findings highlight the potential advantages of consuming a wide range of dietary fiber subtypes against all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. Registry and registry number: PROSPERO (CRD42021226816).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mirrafiei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No. 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St, Keshavarz Blvd, P. O. Box 14155/6117, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No. 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St, Keshavarz Blvd, P. O. Box 14155/6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Tsogka A, Kitsos DK, Stavrogianni K, Giannopapas V, Chasiotis A, Christouli N, Tsivgoulis G, Tzartos JS, Giannopoulos S. Modulating the Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis Management: A Systematic Review of Current Interventions. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7610. [PMID: 38137679 PMCID: PMC10743570 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review attempted to explore all recent clinical studies that have investigated the clinical and autoimmune impact of gut microbiota interventions in multiple sclerosis (MS), including dietary protocols, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and intermittent fasting (IF). Methods: Thirteen studies were held between 2011 and 2023 this demonstrated interventions in gut microbiome among patients with MS and their impact the clinical parameters of the disease. These included specialized dietary interventions, the supply of probiotic mixtures, FMT, and IF. Results: Dietary interventions positively affected various aspects of MS, including relapse rates, EDSS disability scores, MS-related fatigue, and metabolic features. Probiotic mixtures showed promising results on MS-related fatigue, EDSS parameters, inflammation; meanwhile, FMT-though a limited number of studies was included-indicated some clinical improvement in similar variables. IF showed reductions in EDSS scores and significant improvement in patients' emotional statuses. Conclusions: In dietary protocols, clinical MS parameters, including relapse rate, EDSS, MFIS, FSS, and MSQoL54 scales, were significantly improved through the application of a specific diet each time. Probiotic nutritional mixtures promote a shift in inflammation towards an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in patients with MS. The administration of such mixtures affected disability, mood levels, and quality of life among patients with MS. FMT protocols possibly demonstrate a therapeutic effect in some case reports. IF protocols were found to ameliorate EDSS and FAMS scores. All interventional means of gut microbiome modulation provided significant conclusions on several clinical aspects of MS and highlight the complexity in the relationship between MS and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Tsogka
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (D.K.K.); (K.S.); (V.G.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (G.T.); (J.S.T.)
| | - Dimitrios K. Kitsos
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (D.K.K.); (K.S.); (V.G.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (G.T.); (J.S.T.)
| | - Konstantina Stavrogianni
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (D.K.K.); (K.S.); (V.G.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (G.T.); (J.S.T.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasileios Giannopapas
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (D.K.K.); (K.S.); (V.G.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (G.T.); (J.S.T.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of West Attica, 122 43 Attica, Greece
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Study of Motion-LANECASM, University of West Attica, 122 43 Attica, Greece
| | - Athanasios Chasiotis
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (D.K.K.); (K.S.); (V.G.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (G.T.); (J.S.T.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of West Attica, 122 43 Attica, Greece
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Study of Motion-LANECASM, University of West Attica, 122 43 Attica, Greece
| | - Niki Christouli
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (D.K.K.); (K.S.); (V.G.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (G.T.); (J.S.T.)
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (D.K.K.); (K.S.); (V.G.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (G.T.); (J.S.T.)
| | - John S. Tzartos
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (D.K.K.); (K.S.); (V.G.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (G.T.); (J.S.T.)
| | - Sotirios Giannopoulos
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (D.K.K.); (K.S.); (V.G.); (A.C.); (N.C.); (G.T.); (J.S.T.)
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12
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Wang K, Chen Z, Shen M, Chen P, Xiao Y, Fang Z, Hu X, Tang J, Liu Q, Zhou S. Dietary fruits and vegetables and risk of cardiovascular diseases in elderly Chinese. Eur J Public Health 2023; 33:1088-1094. [PMID: 37528047 PMCID: PMC10710356 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence regarding the potential effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was limited and inconsistent among Asian people. METHODS We prospectively examined associations of fruit and vegetable consumption with the risk of CVD among 9740 participants aged 65 years and older (mean baseline age: 88 years) in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) (2008-2018). Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS During 37 366 person-years of follow-up, a total of 3738 CVD cases were recorded. After adjusting for demographics, dietary, lifestyle and economical social factors, higher intakes of total fruits and vegetables were associated with lower risk of CVD [comparing with extreme quintiles, hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval: 0.84 (0.74, 0.95)]. The inverse association was mainly driven by vegetable consumption [0.86 (0.77, 0.95)]. Furthermore, the inverse association was stronger for the risk of hypertension [0.84 (0.72, 0.98)]. These associations were consistent across age, sex, body mass index, residence, exercise status, smoking, drinking, meat intake, modified hPDI and health status. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests higher intakes of total fruits and vegetables are associated with a lower risk of CVD among elderly Chinese people, supporting the current recommendations of increasing fruit and vegetable consumption as part of a healthy diet for the prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Zhangling Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Maoqi Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yichao Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Zhenfei Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xinqun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jianjun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, PR China
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13
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Mishra BP, Mishra J, Paital B, Rath PK, Jena MK, Reddy BVV, Pati PK, Panda SK, Sahoo DK. Properties and physiological effects of dietary fiber-enriched meat products: a review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1275341. [PMID: 38099188 PMCID: PMC10720595 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1275341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat is a rich source of high biological proteins, vitamins, and minerals, but it is devoid of dietary fiber, an essential non-digestible carbohydrate component such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, polysaccharides, and oligosaccharides. Dietary fibers are basically obtained from various cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and their by-products and have numerous nutritional, functional, and health-benefiting properties. So, these fibers can be added to meat products to enhance their physicochemical properties, chemical composition, textural properties, and organoleptic qualities, as well as biological activities in controlling various lifestyle ailments such as obesity, certain cancers, type-II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and bowel disorders. These dietary fibers can also be used in meat products as an efficient extender/binder/filler to reduce the cost of production by increasing the cooking yield as well as by reducing the lean meat content and also as a fat replacer to minimize unhealthy fat content in the developed meat products. So, growing interest has been observed among meat processors, researchers, and scientists in exploring various new sources of dietary fibers for developing dietary fiber-enriched meat products in recent years. In the present review, various novel sources of dietary fibers, their physiological effects, their use in meat products, and their impact on various physicochemical, functional, and sensory attributes have been focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidyut Prava Mishra
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Biswaranjan Paital
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Prasana Kumar Rath
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - B. V. Vivekananda Reddy
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, India
| | - Prasad Kumar Pati
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Susen Kumar Panda
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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14
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Reynolds AN, Hood F, Wilson R, Ross A, Neumann S, Turner R, Iosua E, Katare R, Shahin A, Kok ZY, Chan H, Coffey S, Mann J. Healthy grocery delivery in the usual care for adults recovering from an acute coronary event: protocol for a three-arm randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074278. [PMID: 38035748 PMCID: PMC10689354 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronary heart disease is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Appropriate nutrition is a cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease; however, barriers including cost and access to recommended foods limits long-term adherence for many. We are conducting, in adults with coronary heart disease, a randomised controlled trial comparing usual care with two dietary interventions in which usual care is augmented by 12 weeks free delivered groceries. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Three hundred adults recovering from an acute coronary event will be recruited from outpatient cardiovascular services in three regions of Aotearoa New Zealand. Participants will be randomly allocated to three arms: usual care (control group), usual care and the free delivery of foods high in dietary fibre or usual care and the free delivery of foods high in unsaturated fats. Interventions duration is 12 weeks, with a further 12 months follow-up. The primary outcome measures are change in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration following the intervention, and a cost-effectiveness analysis of healthcare access and social costs in the year after the intervention. A broad range of secondary outcome measures include other blood lipids, anthropometry, glycaemia, inflammatory markers, gut microbiome, dietary biomarkers, food acceptability, dietary change and the facilitators and barriers to dietary change. The trial will determine whether the free provision of groceries known to reduce cardiovascular risk within usual care will be clinically beneficial and justify the cost of doing so. Results may also provide an indication of the relative benefit of foods rich in dietary fibre or unsaturated fats in coronary heart disease management. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial, The Healthy Heart Study, has Health and Disability Ethics Committee approval (20/NTB/121), underwent Māori consultation, and has locality authority to be conducted in Canterbury, Otago and Southland. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12620000689976, U1111-1250-1499.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Fiona Hood
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ross Wilson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alastair Ross
- Metabolomics Laboratory, AgResearch Ltd, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Silke Neumann
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robin Turner
- Biostatistics Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ella Iosua
- Biostatistics Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Aysu Shahin
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Zi-Yi Kok
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Huan Chan
- Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand Waitaha Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sean Coffey
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jim Mann
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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15
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Bruns A, Nebl J, Jonas W, Hahn A, Schuchardt JP. Nutritional status of flexitarians compared to vegans and omnivores - a cross-sectional pilot study. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:140. [PMID: 38017527 PMCID: PMC10685640 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Western world, there has been a notable rise in the popularity of plant-based, meat-reduced flexitarian diets. Nevertheless, there is insufficient data on the nutritional status of individuals following this dietary pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the intake and endogenous status of various nutrients in a healthy German adult study population consisting of flexitarians (FXs), vegans (Vs) and omnivores (OMNs). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, dietary intake of 94 non-smoking adults (32 FXs, 33 Vs, 29 OMNs) between 25 and 45 years of age was assessed using 3-day dietary records. In addition, blood samples were collected to determine different endogenous nutrient status markers. RESULTS 32%, 82% and 24% of the FXs, Vs, and OMNs respectively reported using dietary supplements. In the FXs, intake of total energy as well as macronutrients and most micronutrients were within the reference range. FXs had higher intakes of fiber, retinol-equ., ascorbic acid, folate-equ., tocopherol-equ., calcium, and magnesium compared to OMNs. However, cobalamin intake in FXs (2.12 µg/d) was below the reference (4 µg/d). Based on 4cB12, 13% of FXs showed a cobalamin undersupply [< -0.5 to -2.5] compared to 10% of OMNs, and 9% of Vs. The median 25(OH)D serum concentrations in FXs, Vs and OMNs were 46.6, 55.6, and 59.6 nmol/L. The prevalence of an insufficient/deficient vitamin-D status [< 49.9 nmol 25(OH)D/L] was highest in FXs (53%), followed by Vs (34%) and OMNs (27%). In FXs and Vs, the supplement takers had better cobalamin and vitamin-D status than non-supplement takers. Anemia and depleted iron stores were found only occasionally in all groups. In women, the prevalence of pre-latent iron deficiency and iron deficiency was highest in FXs (67%) compared to Vs (61%) and OMNs (54%). CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that all three diets delivered sufficient amounts of most macro- and micronutrients. However, deficiencies in cobalamin, vitamin-D, and iron status were common across all diets. Further studies are needed to investigate the nutrient supply status and health consequences of meat-reduced plant-based diets. The study was registered in the German Clinical Trial Register (number: DRKS 00019887, data: 08.01.2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bruns
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Josefine Nebl
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Wiebke Jonas
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Schuchardt
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany.
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16
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Nishi SK, Khoury N, Valle Hita C, Zurbau A, Salas-Salvadó J, Babio N. Vegetable and Fruit Intake Variety and Cardiovascular Health and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:4913. [PMID: 38068771 PMCID: PMC10707746 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A multitude of evidence supports the consumption of a higher quantity of vegetables and fruits for their cardiovascular benefits. Nonetheless, the extent to which variety is associated with cardiovascular health remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies (prospective cohort and cross-sectional studies) assessing the role of a variety of vegetable and fruit consumption in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adults. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE-PubMed, Cochrane databases, and reference lists were searched through March 2023. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale). DATA ANALYSIS Data were pooled (fixed and random [DerSimonian and Laird] effects for <5 and ≥5 study comparisons, respectively), and heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q statistic and quantified (I2 statistic). The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the overall certainty of the evidence. Five cross-sectional (n = 45,761) and seven prospective studies (n = 253,422) met the eligibility criteria. Greater variety of vegetable and fruit consumption was prospectively related to decreased all-cause mortality (risk ratio, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.82-0.97], seven study comparisons, n = 196,925), while no significant associations were observed with assessed cardiovascular-related mortality or morbidity. For all outcomes, the certainty of the evidence was graded as "low" or "very low" owing to inconsistency and/or imprecision. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study shows that greater variety in vegetable and fruit consumption may reduce all-cause mortality and highlights the need for additional studies with a higher degree of evidence to better understand its role in cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K. Nishi
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Grup Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental, 43201 Reus, Spain; (N.K.); (C.V.H.); (J.S.-S.)
- Institut d’Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Carrer Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada;
| | - Nadine Khoury
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Grup Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental, 43201 Reus, Spain; (N.K.); (C.V.H.); (J.S.-S.)
- Institut d’Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Carrer Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristina Valle Hita
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Grup Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental, 43201 Reus, Spain; (N.K.); (C.V.H.); (J.S.-S.)
- Institut d’Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Carrer Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Andreea Zurbau
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Grup Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental, 43201 Reus, Spain; (N.K.); (C.V.H.); (J.S.-S.)
- Institut d’Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Carrer Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Grup Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental, 43201 Reus, Spain; (N.K.); (C.V.H.); (J.S.-S.)
- Institut d’Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Carrer Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Chen W, Zhang S, Hu X, Chen F, Li D. A Review of Healthy Dietary Choices for Cardiovascular Disease: From Individual Nutrients and Foods to Dietary Patterns. Nutrients 2023; 15:4898. [PMID: 38068756 PMCID: PMC10708231 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the first cause of mortality globally. Diet plays a fundamental role in cardiovascular health and is closely linked to the development of CVD. Numerous human studies have provided evidence on the relationship between diet and CVD. By discussing the available findings on the dietary components that potentially influence CVD progression and prevention, this review attempted to provide the current state of evidence on healthy dietary choices for CVD. We focus on the effects of individual macronutrients, whole food products, and dietary patterns on the risks of CVD, and the data from population-based trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses are summarized. Unhealthy dietary habits, such as high intake of saturated fatty acids, sugar-sweetened beverages, red meat, and processed meat as well as high salt intake are associated with the increased risk of CVD. Conversely, increased consumption of plant-based components such as dietary fiber, nuts, fruits, and vegetables is shown to be effective in reducing CVD risk factors. The Mediterranean diet appears to be one of the most evidence-based dietary patterns beneficial for CVD prevention. However, there is still great debate regarding whether the supplementation of vitamins and minerals confers cardioprotective benefits. This review provides new insights into the role of dietary factors that are harmful or protective in CVD, which can be adopted for improved cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.C.); (S.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Daotong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.C.); (S.Z.); (X.H.)
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18
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Wójcik M, Alvarez-Pitti J, Kozioł-Kozakowska A, Brzeziński M, Gabbianelli R, Herceg-Čavrak V, Wühl E, Lucas I, Radovanović D, Melk A, González Lopez-Valcarcel B, Fernández-Aranda F, Mazur A, Lurbe E, Borghi C, Drożdż D. Psychosocial and environmental risk factors of obesity and hypertension in children and adolescents-a literature overview. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1268364. [PMID: 38054100 PMCID: PMC10694215 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1268364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has become a worldwide epidemic in the 21st century. Its treatment is challenging and often ineffective, among others due to complex, often not obvious causes. Awareness of the existence and meaning of psychosocial and environmental risk factors seems to be an essential element in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its complications, especially arterial hypertension. In this review, we will discuss the role of that risk factors linking obesity and increased cardiovascular disorders including the role of nutritional factors (including the role of unhealthy diet, inadequate hydration), unhealthy behaviors (e.g. smoking, alcohol and drugs, sedentary behavior, low physical activity, disrupted circadian rhythms, sleep disorders, screen exposure), unfavorable social factors (such as dysfunctional family, bullying, chronic stress, mood disorders, depression, urbanization, noise, and environmental pollution), and finally differences in cardiovascular risk in girls and boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
- Interclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children’s Hospital of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Julio Alvarez-Pitti
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska
- Interclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children’s Hospital of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Brzeziński
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatric Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Vesna Herceg-Čavrak
- Faculty of Health Science, Libertas International University, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elke Wühl
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dragan Radovanović
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Anette Melk
- Children’s Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beatriz González Lopez-Valcarcel
- Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Management, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Artur Mazur
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Empar Lurbe
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dorota Drożdż
- Interclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children’s Hospital of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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19
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Ghavami A, Banpouri S, Ziaei R, Talebi S, Vajdi M, Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Barghchi H, Mohammadi H, Askari G. Effect of soluble fiber on blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr J 2023; 22:51. [PMID: 37833676 PMCID: PMC10571351 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pervious epidemiologic evidence indicates that soluble fiber is protective against hypertention: however, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have presented varying results. In the present study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis to summarize published RCTs which assess the effect of soluble fiber supplementation on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). METHODS Scopus, PubMed, and ISI Web of Sciences were searched to identify relevant studies up to Aug 2022. We estimated the change in blood pressure for each 5 g/d increment in soluble fiber supplementation in each trial and then calculated the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95%CI using a random-effects model. We estimated dose-dependent effects using a dose-response meta-analysis of differences in means. The risk of bias for study was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Publication bias was evaluated via funnel plot and Begg's test and Egger's test. RESULTS Eighty-three eligible studies with total sample size of 5,985 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Soluble fiber supplementation significantly decreased SBP (WMD: -1.36 mmHg, 95% CI: -2.13 to -0.60, P < 0.001; I2 = 47.1%, P < 0.001) and DBP (WMD: -0.72 mmHg, 95% CI: -1.26 to -0.18, P = 0.009; I2 = 45.4%, P < 0.001). Each 5 g/d increment in soluble fiber supplementation had a significant reduction in SBP (WMD: -0.54 mmHg; 95%CI: -0.86, -0.22, P = 0.001; I2 = 52.2, Phet < 0.001) and DBP (WMD: -0.28 mmHg; 95%CI: -0.49, -0.80, P = 0.007; I2 = 43.1%, Phet < 0.001). The levels of SBP decreased proportionally with the increase in soluble fiber supplementation up to 20 g/d (MD20g/d: -1.79 mmHg, 95%CI: -2.86, -0.71). CONCLUSION Current evidence indicated the beneficial effect of soluble fiber supplementation on blood pressure. Our findings suggest that soluble fiber supplementation could contribute to the management of hypertension and the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed Ghavami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Banpouri
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Rahele Ziaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Vajdi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Hanieh Barghchi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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20
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Raad T, Griffin A, George ES, Larkin L, Fraser A, Kennedy N, Tierney A. Experience and perceptions among rheumatoid arthritis patients following a telehealth-delivered dietary intervention: a qualitative study. Rheumatol Int 2023; 43:1913-1924. [PMID: 37418002 PMCID: PMC10435597 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dietary modifications have been assessed in people living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with consistent benefits reported from clinical trials. However, the lived experience of making and sustaining positive dietary changes for people with RA remains unknown. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of adults with RA and their perceptions of a 12-week telehealth-delivered dietary intervention and to assess the acceptability of the programme. Qualitative data was collected via four online focus groups with participants who had just completed a 12-week dietary intervention programme delivered through telehealth methods. Thematic analysis was used to code and summarize the identified key themes. Twenty-one adults with RA (47.5 ± 12.3 years, 90.5% females) were included in this qualitative study. Overarching themes included: (a) motivation to join the programme, (b) benefits of the programme, (c) factors influencing adherence to dietary prescription, and (d) advantages and disadvantages of telehealth. The study demonstrated that a dietary intervention delivered through telehealth methods by a Registered Dietitian (RD) appears to be well-accepted and may be used to complement face-to-face care for people with RA. The identified factors influencing the adoption of a healthier eating pattern will aid in the development of future dietary interventions for a RA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tala Raad
- Discipline of Dietetics, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences and Health Implementation Science and Technology Cluster, School of Allied Health, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Anne Griffin
- Discipline of Dietetics, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences and Health Implementation Science and Technology Cluster, School of Allied Health, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Elena S George
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Louise Larkin
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Implementation Science and Technology Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Alexander Fraser
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
- Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Norelee Kennedy
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Implementation Science and Technology Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Audrey Tierney
- Discipline of Dietetics, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences and Health Implementation Science and Technology Cluster, School of Allied Health, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
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21
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Rizzo G, Storz MA, Calapai G. The Role of Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) as a Functional Food in Vegetarian Nutrition. Foods 2023; 12:3505. [PMID: 37761214 PMCID: PMC10528039 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a renewed interest in Cannabis sativa and its uses. The recreational use of inflorescences as a source of THC has led to the legal restriction of C. sativa cultivation to limit the detrimental effects of psychotropic substance abuse on health. However, this has also limited the cultivation of textile/industrial varieties with a low content of THC used for textile and nutritional purposes. While previously the bans had significantly penalized the cultivation of C. sativa, today many countries discriminate between recreational use (marijuana) and industrial and food use (hemp). The stalks of industrial hemp (low in psychotropic substances) have been used extensively for textile purposes while the seeds are nutritionally versatile. From hemp seeds, it is possible to obtain flours applicable in the bakery sector, oils rich in essential fatty acids, proteins with a high biological value and derivatives for fortification, supplementation and nutraceutical purposes. Hemp seed properties seem relevant for vegetarian diets, due to their high nutritional value and underestimated employment in the food sector. Hemp seed and their derivatives are a valuable source of protein, essential fatty acids and minerals that could provide additional benefit to vegetarian nutrition. This document aims to explore the information available in the literature about hemp seeds from a nutritional point of view, highlighting possible beneficial effects for humans with particular attention to vegetarian nutrition as a supplemental option for a well-planned diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rizzo
- Independent Researcher, Via Venezuela 66, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Complementary Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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22
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Ehret J, Brandl B, Schweikert K, Rennekamp R, Ströbele-Benschop N, Skurk T, Hauner H. Benefits of Fiber-Enriched Foods on Satiety and Parameters of Human Well-Being in Adults with and without Cardiometabolic Risk. Nutrients 2023; 15:3871. [PMID: 37764655 PMCID: PMC10534722 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of fiber-rich foods is linked to beneficial effects on chronic diseases and gut health, while implications towards improving satiety and parameters of well-being remain unclear. A randomized placebo-controlled intervention study was conducted to compare the effects of fiber-enriched foods to their non-enriched counterparts in adults over a 12-week period on selected clinical parameters-satiety, quality of life, body sensation, and life satisfaction-subjective health status, and importance of diet for well-being. Quality of life (QOL) differed significantly between intervention and control groups at baseline, throughout, and at the end of the study. No effects on satiety, satisfaction with life, or the importance of diet for well-being could be shown between groups. With higher fiber intake, body sensation ratings increased. A higher BMI was significantly associated with lower-body sensation, subjective health status and quality of life. Fiber-enriched foods do not seem to affect feeling of satiety or parameters of well-being. Larger samples and additional methods are necessary to fully explore the effect of increased fiber intake on patient-related outcomes in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Ehret
- Department of Applied Nutritional Psychology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Beate Brandl
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Else Kroener-Fresenius-Centre of Nutritional Medicine, Clinical Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Karsten Schweikert
- Core Facility Hohenheim, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rachel Rennekamp
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Else Kroener-Fresenius-Centre of Nutritional Medicine, Clinical Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Nanette Ströbele-Benschop
- Department of Applied Nutritional Psychology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Else Kroener-Fresenius-Centre of Nutritional Medicine, Clinical Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Else Kroener-Fresenius-Centre of Nutritional Medicine, Clinical Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
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23
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Bulsiewicz WJ. The Importance of Dietary Fiber for Metabolic Health. Am J Lifestyle Med 2023; 17:639-648. [PMID: 37711348 PMCID: PMC10498976 DOI: 10.1177/15598276231167778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber are non-digestible carbohydrates that are diverse, have varied functions, and are acquired by consuming plant-based foods. Some forms of fiber are digested by the gut microbiota and produce bioactive metabolites called short chain fatty acids-butyrate, acetate, and propionate. Dietary fiber is able to alter human physiology through multiple mechanisms that can result in health benefits. Unfortunately, nearly 19 out of 20 Americans do not consume the minimum recommended amount of fiber each day. This bears profound relevance to public health because at least six of the ten leading causes of death are potentially preventable or clinically improved through dietary means. Additionally, these same conditions share a common underlying pathophysiology-metabolic dysfunction. This can manifest as abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, or collectively as metabolic syndrome. In this review, we will assess the evidence that consumption of dietary fiber undermines these forms of metabolic dysfunction, examine the mechanism of action for these physiologic effects, and consider the potential for dietary fiber to improve human health on a public health level by simply encouraging our patients to consume more plant-based foods in abundance and diversity.
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24
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Tejani VN, Dhillon SS, Damarlapally N, Usman NUB, Winson T, Basu Roy P, Panjiyar BK. The Relationship Between Dietary Fiber Intake and Blood Pressure Worldwide: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46116. [PMID: 37900495 PMCID: PMC10612139 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant global health concern, necessitating effective preventive measures. Dietary fiber has gained attention as a potential cardiovascular risk factor modifier. Although its effects on various CVD risk markers such as cholesterol levels and blood glucose levels have been explored, the relationship between dietary fiber and blood pressure remains somewhat elusive across the different studies conducted worldwide. In this systematic review, we conducted an extensive analysis of recent research from a global perspective, aiming to elucidate the relationship between dietary fiber intake and blood pressure. From an initial pool of more than 24,500 articles retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar, we rigorously selected 11 studies published in the last decade (post-2013) to ensure up-to-date insights. These selected studies encompass diverse populations from different regions worldwide, allowing for a comprehensive global assessment. Our analysis revealed a positive overall impact of increased dietary fiber intake on blood pressure levels. Despite variations in study parameters, consistent trends were observed across multiple continents. This systematic review underscores the potential of dietary fiber intake to reduce blood pressure and improve cardiovascular health globally. This review serves as a global analysis and updates on the developments about the potential association between dietary fiber and blood pressure levels. While the findings are promising, further research is essential to elucidate underlying mechanisms and ensure global consistency. Collaborative efforts and ongoing investigation are crucial for harnessing the cardiovascular benefits of dietary fiber and addressing the worldwide burden of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitrag N Tejani
- Internal Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Vadodara, IND
- Pharmacology, Dr. N. D. Desai Faculty of Medical Science and Research, Nadiad, IND
| | - Sukhmeet S Dhillon
- Internal Medicine, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Patiala, IND
| | | | | | - Tanusha Winson
- Medicine, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Bedong, MYS
| | - Prithvi Basu Roy
- Cardiology, KPC (Kali Pradip Chaudhuri) Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, IND
| | - Binay K Panjiyar
- Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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25
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Reynolds AN, Diep Pham HT, Åberg S, Neumann S, Mann J. The effects of wholegrain processing on appetite: randomised crossover trial in adults with type 2 diabetes. Food Funct 2023; 14:7240-7246. [PMID: 37465883 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Recent observational data indicate higher ultra-processed food intakes are associated with a broad range of adverse health outcomes. Experimental studies on why this might be are lacking. We have considered the effects of wholegrain processing on measures of appetite in free-living adults with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: Participants were randomised to two interventions of two-weeks duration, separated by washout. Interventions were nutrient-matched wholegrain foods that differed by the amount of processing. Self-reported hunger and satiety were indicated on visual analogue scales before or after meals for four days at baseline and the end of each intervention. Metabolite markers of appetite were measured pre and post intervention in fasting plasma. Results: 31 adults (63 ± 13 years old, BMI 32.4 ± 7, HbA1c 7.5 ± 3.4% (59 ± 14 mmol mol-1)) commenced the trial, 28 (90%) completed both interventions. Wholegrain consumption, as measured by alkylresorcinols, was balanced between interventions. Self-reported pre-meal hunger was consistently lower at breakfast (MD, mean difference 0.49/10 95% CI 0.03 to 0.94), lunch (MD 0.67/10 95% CI 0.09 to 1.25), and dinner (MD -0.71/10 95% CI 0.19 to 1.23) during the intervention of less processed whole grains when compared with pre-intervention measures, however this did not result in a difference between interventions. Change in metabolite markers of appetite did not differ between interventions. Conclusions: A significant difference in hunger or satiety between less and more processed whole grains over intervention periods of two weeks was not detected within the current trial. Further experimental studies are needed to consider the potential effects of food processing on physiological processes such as appetite to provide mechanistic understanding behind observations of highly processed food intakes and adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Nathan Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, Otago 9016, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Huyen Tran Diep Pham
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, Otago 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Sebastian Åberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, Otago 9016, New Zealand.
- Chalmers University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silke Neumann
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jim Mann
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, Otago 9016, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Theodoridis X, Chourdakis M, Chrysoula L, Chroni V, Tirodimos I, Dipla K, Gkaliagkousi E, Triantafyllou A. Adherence to the DASH Diet and Risk of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3261. [PMID: 37513679 PMCID: PMC10383418 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the level of adherence to the DASH diet on hypertension risk by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic literature search was performed. Two independent investigators performed the study selection, data abstraction, and assessment of the included studies. The meta-analysis was performed separately with the adjusted hazard (HR) or incident rate ratios (IRR) and the odds ratios (OR) of the highest compared to the lowest DASH diet adherence scores using a random effects model. A total of 12 studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. When cohort studies reporting HR were pooled together, high adherence to the DASH diet was associated with a lower risk of hypertension (HR: 0.81, 95% CI 0.73-0.90, I2 = 69%, PI 0.61-1.08) compared to the low adherence. When cross-sectional studies reporting OR were combined, high adherence to the DASH diet was also related to a lower risk of hypertension (OR: 0.80, 95% CI 0.70-0.91, I2 = 81%, PI 0.46-1.39). The findings suggest that high adherence to the DASH diet has a positive effect on reducing hypertension risk compared to low adherence. These data strengthen and are in line with all hypertension guidelines, indicating that lifestyle changes should start early even in populations with normal blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenophon Theodoridis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social and Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- 3rd Clinic of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michail Chourdakis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social and Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lydia Chrysoula
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social and Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Violeta Chroni
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social and Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilias Tirodimos
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social and Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantina Dipla
- Exercise Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62110 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- 3rd Clinic of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Areti Triantafyllou
- 3rd Clinic of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Rikhtehgaran R, Shamsi K, Renani EM, Arab A, Nouri F, Mohammadifard N, Marateb HR, Mansourian M, Sarrafzadegan N. Population food intake clusters and cardiovascular disease incidence: a Bayesian quantifying of a prospective population-based cohort study in a low and middle-income country. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1150481. [PMID: 37521422 PMCID: PMC10374205 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1150481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This study was designed to explore the relationship between cardiovascular disease incidence and population clusters, which were established based on daily food intake. Methods The current study examined 5,396 Iranian adults (2,627 males and 2,769 females) aged 35 years and older, who participated in a 10-year longitudinal population-based study that began in 2001. The frequency of food group consumption over the preceding year (daily, weekly, or monthly) was assessed using a 49-item qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administered via a face-to-face interview conducted by an expert dietitian. Participants were clustered based on their dietary intake by applying the semi-parametric Bayesian approach of the Dirichlet Process. In this approach, individuals with the same multivariate distribution based on dietary intake were assigned to the same cluster. The association between the extracted population clusters and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases was examined using Cox proportional hazard models. Results In the 10-year follow-up, 741 participants (401 men and 340 women) were diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases. Individuals were categorized into three primary dietary clusters: healthy, unhealthy, and mixed. After adjusting for potential confounders, subjects in the unhealthy cluster exhibited a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases [Hazard Ratio (HR): 2.059; 95% CI: 1.013, 4.184] compared to those in the healthy cluster. In the unadjusted model, individuals in the mixed cluster demonstrated a higher risk for cardiovascular disease than those in the healthy cluster (HR: 1.515; 95% CI: 1.097, 2.092). However, this association was attenuated after adjusting for potential confounders (HR: 1.145; 95% CI: 0.769, 1.706). Conclusion The results have shown that individuals within an unhealthy cluster have a risk that is twice as high for the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. However, these associations need to be confirmed through further prospective investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Rikhtehgaran
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Shamsi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elnaz Mojoudi Renani
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arman Arab
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Marateb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Shoja M, Borazjani F, Ahmadi Angali K, Hosseini SA, Hashemi SJ. The dietary patterns derived by reduced-rank regression in association with Framingham risk score and lower DASH score in Hoveyzeh cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11093. [PMID: 37422506 PMCID: PMC10329634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between dietary patterns (DPs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the subject of much research, but given the significance of this disease, studying the factors affecting it through different methodological considerations is of utmost importance. This study aimed to investigate the association between the four dietary patterns (DPs) derived from reduced-rank regression (RRR) and the risk of CVD predicted by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in the Arab residence of Khuzestan, Iran. Furthermore, the predefined Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) would be used as a comparative model to assess the validity of the extracted DPs. In this cross-sectional study, 5799 individuals aged 35-70 without a CVD diagnosis were selected among the participants of the Hoveyzeh cohort study (HCS). The Risk of CVD was assessed using the FRS model. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire evaluated dietary intake. Four DPs were derived using RRR with 28 food groups as predictors and total protein (g/d), fiber(g/d), fat(g/d), and magnesium intake (mg/d) as response variables. Multinomial and binary logistic regression were used to assess the relationship of DPs with intermediate (10-20%) and high (> 20%) levels of FRS and lower DASH scores (< 4.5), respectively. Four primary DPs were derived, which explained 89.10 of the total explained variance in participants' dietary intake. Multinomial regression was applied between FRS (10-20%) and (> 20%) across quartiles of four identified DPs. After adjustment for potential confounders, higher tendency to 1st and 2nd DPs in Model 1, OR = 4.67 (95% CI 3.65; 6.01), OR = 1.42 (95% CI 1.13; 1.79) were presented accordingly. The 1st DP, characterized by higher intake of refined grains and lower intake of vegetables oil, sugar, mayonnaise and artificial juices, the 2nd DP characterized by higher intake of hydrogenated fat and lower consumption of tomato sauce and soft drink was associated with greater odds of CVD with the intermediate level of FRS. However, higher adherence to the 3rd DP, characterized by higher intake of fruits, vegetables and legumes and lower intake of fish, egg, red meat, processed meat, mayonnaise, sugar and artificial juices, the 4th DP characterized by higher intake of coffee, nuts and lower intake of sugar, mayonnaise and artificial juices was associated with a lower risk of FRS. Moreover, lower DASH score considered in binary logistic regression across quartiles of four identified dietary patterns. 1st and 2nd DPs were directly related to lower DASH scores, while 3rd and 4th DPs had high comparability with the DASH diet and inversely contributed to the lower DASH score. Total DASH score was significantly correlated to four derived DPs. Our findings confirm the current knowledge regarding the beneficial effects of healthy plant-based DPs and the avoidance of high-fat and processed foods to prevent CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Shoja
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center and clinical sciences research institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Borazjani
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center and clinical sciences research institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Allied Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Kambiz Ahmadi Angali
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center and clinical sciences research institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hashemi
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Aas AM, Axelsen M, Churuangsuk C, Hermansen K, Kendall CWC, Kahleova H, Khan T, Lean MEJ, Mann JI, Pedersen E, Pfeiffer A, Rahelić D, Reynolds AN, Risérus U, Rivellese AA, Salas-Salvadó J, Schwab U, Sievenpiper JL, Thanopoulou A, Uusitupa EM. Evidence-based European recommendations for the dietary management of diabetes. Diabetologia 2023; 66:965-985. [PMID: 37069434 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes management relies on effective evidence-based advice that informs and empowers individuals to manage their health. Alongside other cornerstones of diabetes management, dietary advice has the potential to improve glycaemic levels, reduce risk of diabetes complications and improve health-related quality of life. We have updated the 2004 recommendations for the nutritional management of diabetes to provide health professionals with evidence-based guidelines to inform discussions with patients on diabetes management, including type 2 diabetes prevention and remission. To provide this update we commissioned new systematic reviews and meta-analyses on key topics, and drew on the broader evidence available. We have strengthened and expanded on the previous recommendations to include advice relating to dietary patterns, environmental sustainability, food processing, patient support and remission of type 2 diabetes. We have used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach to determine the certainty of evidence for each recommendation based on findings from the commissioned and identified systematic reviews. Our findings indicate that a range of foods and dietary patterns are suitable for diabetes management, with key recommendations for people with diabetes being largely similar for those for the general population. Important messages are to consume minimally processed plant foods, such as whole grains, vegetables, whole fruit, legumes, nuts, seeds and non-hydrogenated non-tropical vegetable oils, while minimising the consumption of red and processed meats, sodium, sugar-sweetened beverages and refined grains. The updated recommendations reflect the current evidence base and, if adhered to, will improve patient outcomes.
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30
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Xie L, Alam MJ, Marques FZ, Mackay CR. A major mechanism for immunomodulation: Dietary fibres and acid metabolites. Semin Immunol 2023; 66:101737. [PMID: 36857894 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Diet and the gut microbiota have a profound influence on physiology and health, however, mechanisms are still emerging. Here we outline several pathways that gut microbiota products, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), use to maintain gut and immune homeostasis. Dietary fibre is fermented by the gut microbiota in the colon, and large quantities of SCFAs such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate are produced. Dietary fibre and SCFAs enhance epithelial integrity and thereby limit systemic endotoxemia. Moreover, SCFAs inhibit histone deacetylases (HDAC), and thereby affect gene transcription. SCFAs also bind to 'metabolite-sensing' G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as GPR43, which promotes immune homeostasis. The enormous amounts of SCFAs produced in the colon are sufficient to lower pH, which affects the function of proton sensors such as GPR65 expressed on the gut epithelium and immune cells. GPR65 is an anti-inflammatory Gαs-coupled receptor, which leads to the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines. The importance of GPR65 in inflammatory diseases is underscored by genetics associated with the missense variant I231L (rs3742704), which is associated with human inflammatory bowel disease, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. There is enormous scope to manipulate these pathways using specialized diets that release very high amounts of specific SCFAs in the gut, and we believe that therapies that rely on chemically modified foods is a promising approach. Such an approach includes high SCFA-producing diets, which we have shown to decrease numerous inflammatory western diseases in mouse models. These diets operate at many levels - increased gut integrity, changes to the gut microbiome, and promotion of immune homeostasis, which represents a new and highly promising way to prevent or treat human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne,VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
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31
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Bardhi O, Clegg DJ, Palmer BF. The Role of Dietary Potassium in the Cardiovascular Protective Effects of Plant-Based Diets. Semin Nephrol 2023; 43:151406. [PMID: 37544060 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intervention is an essential factor in managing a multitude of chronic health conditions such as cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. In recent decades, there has been a host of research suggesting the potential benefit of plant-based diets in mitigating the health outcomes of these conditions. Plant-based diets are rich in vegetables and fruits, while limiting processed food and animal protein sources. The underlying physiological mechanism involves the interaction of several macronutrients and micronutrients such as plant protein, carbohydrates, and dietary potassium. Specifically, plant-based foods rich in potassium provide cardiorenal protective effects to include urinary alkalization and increased sodium excretion. These diets induce adaptive physiologic responses that improve kidney and cardiovascular hemodynamics and improve overall metabolic health. A shift toward consuming plant-based diets even in subjects with cardiorenal decrements may reduce their morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the clinical benefits of plant-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgert Bardhi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX
| | - Biff F Palmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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32
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Wei X, Yang W, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Long Y, Tan B, Wan X. Health Effects of Whole Grains: A Bibliometric Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244094. [PMID: 36553836 PMCID: PMC9777732 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole grains have been recommended in the diet in most countries, with numerous publications focusing on their health effect. A systematic analysis of these publications on different research methods, regions and perspectives will contribute to an understanding of the innovation pattern in this field. This bibliometric study analyzes the global publication characteristics, hotspots and frontiers of whole grain health benefit research, and discusses the trends and prospects of this topic. The overall number of publications is on the rise, with the United States contributing the most publications. The most cited literature shows that observational studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis are the most widely used methods. The main focus in this area is on dietary fiber and bioactive substances, while the latter has received increased attention in recent years in particular. With the increasingly prominent problems of hidden hunger and chronic disease, the development of whole grain foods and their optimum intake have gradually become hot topics. In addition to the need to reveal the mechanism of whole grain health effects, consensus needs to be reached on standards and definitions for whole grain foods, and attention should be paid to the retention of taste and healthy nutrients in processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wei
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China
- Beijing Beike Institute of Precision Medicine and Health Technology, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China
- Beijing Beike Institute of Precision Medicine and Health Technology, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China
- Beijing Beike Institute of Precision Medicine and Health Technology, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China
- Beijing Beike Institute of Precision Medicine and Health Technology, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Yan Long
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China
- Beijing Beike Institute of Precision Medicine and Health Technology, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
- Correspondence: (B.T.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-132-6143-7257 (B.T.); +86-186-0056-1850 (X.W.)
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China
- Beijing Beike Institute of Precision Medicine and Health Technology, Beijing 100192, China
- Correspondence: (B.T.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-132-6143-7257 (B.T.); +86-186-0056-1850 (X.W.)
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Wang Y, Lei L, Su Q, Qin S, Zhong J, Ni Y, Yang J. Resveratrol Inhibits Insulin-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Activating SIRT1. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:8537881. [PMID: 36479179 PMCID: PMC9722291 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8537881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential for the development of hypertension. Insulin has been identified to promote VSMC proliferation and migration; resveratrol has been shown to have protective effects against cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of resveratrol on insulin-induced VSMC proliferation and migration and its potential mechanism. VSMC proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), cell counting method, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay. Cell migration was detected by wound healing assay and transwell method. Expression of silent information regulator of transcription 1 (SIRT1) and phosphorylation levels of signaling molecules, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt), in VSMCs were detected by Western blotting. Resveratrol (25-150 μM) was found to inhibit insulin-induced VSMC proliferation. Pretreatment with 100 μM resveratrol reduced insulin (100 nM)-mediated VSMC migration. LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, inhibited the stimulatory effect of insulin (100 nM) on the proliferation of VSMCs. Treatment with resveratrol also decreased insulin-induced stimulatory effect on PI3K and Akt phosphorylation levels. Moreover, resveratrol treatment increased SIRT1 protein expression in VSMCs. A SIRT1 inhibitor, EX527, reversed the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on insulin-induced VSMC proliferation and migration and activation of PI3K and Akt phosphorylation levels. In conclusion, our study revealed that treatment with resveratrol inhibited insulin-mediated VSMC proliferation and migration, possibly by activating SIRT1 and downregulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Lifu Lei
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Qian Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Si Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yinxing Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
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Liska DJ, Dioum E, Chu Y, Mah E. Narrative Review on the Effects of Oat and Sprouted Oat Components on Blood Pressure. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224772. [PMID: 36432463 PMCID: PMC9698489 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive decline. Elevations in blood pressure (BP) leading to HTN can be found in young adults with increased prevalence as people age. Oats are known to decrease CVD risk via an established effect of β-glucan on the attenuation of blood cholesterol. Many past studies on CVD and oats have also reported a decrease in BP; however, a thorough assessment of oats and BP has not been conducted. Moreover, oats deliver several beneficial dietary components with putative beneficial effects on BP or endothelial function, such as β-glucan, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and phytochemicals such as avenanthramides. We conducted a comprehensive search for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical intervention studies on oats and BP and identified 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three meta-analyses that supported the role of oats in decreasing BP. Emerging data also suggest oat consumption may reduce the use of anti-hypertensive medications. The majority of these studies utilized whole oats or oat bran, which include a vast array of oat bioactives. Therefore, we also extensively reviewed the literature on these bioactives and their putative effect on BP-relevant mechanisms. The data suggest several oat components, such as GABA, as well as the delivery of high-quality plant protein and fermentable prebiotic fiber, may contribute to the anti-HTN effect of oats. In particular, GABA is enhanced in oat sprouts, which suggests this food may be particularly beneficial for healthy BP management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - ElHadji Dioum
- PepsiCo R&D Health & Nutrition Sciences, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yifang Chu
- PepsiCo R&D Health & Nutrition Sciences, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Addison, IL 60101, USA
- Correspondence:
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Greater Protection of Lower Dietary Carbohydrate to Fiber Ratio (CFR) against Poor Blood Pressure Control in Patients with Essential Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214443. [PMID: 36364706 PMCID: PMC9653798 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Carbohydrate combined with dietary fiber (DF) applied as a surrogate marker of overall carbohydrate quality is a more essential determinant of cardiometabolic health. However, to date, no studies have applied this metric to analyze its associations with poor blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional design was implemented in one tertiary hospital and one community hospital in China. Using Feihua Nutrition Software to analyze participants' two-day dietary log, the quantity of carbohydrate and fiber was obtained and the carbohydrate to fiber ratio (CFR) was calculated. The participants were divided into Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups by quartile method, from low to high according to CFR. The poor systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) controls were defined as ≥140 mmHg and ≥90 mmHg, respectively. (3) Results: A convenience sample of 459 participants was included and the mean CFR was 29.6. Taking Q1 as reference, after adjusting for covariates, the CFR in Q4 was associated with higher poor SBP-controlled rate (OR, 4.374; 95% CI, 2.236-8.559). Taking Q2 as reference, after adjusting for covariates, the CFRs in Q3 and Q4 were associated with higher poor DBP-controlled rates [(OR = 1.964, 95% CI: 1.016-3.795) and (OR = 4.219, 95% CI: 2.132-8.637), respectively]. The CFR was the stronger protective determinant of SBP and DBP than DF or carbohydrate alone. (4) Conclusions: A higher CFR is a stronger risk factor for blood pressure (BP) control, and low CFR foods or a combination of corresponding food components, should be recommended in the dietary management of hypertensive patients.
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Ljubičić M, Sarić MM, Rumbak I, Barić IC, Sarić A, Komes D, Šatalić Z, Dželalija B, Guiné RPF. Is Better Knowledge about Health Benefits of Dietary Fiber Related to Food Labels Reading Habits? A Croatian Overview. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152347. [PMID: 35954115 PMCID: PMC9367754 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the associations between health dietary patterns, knowledge, and consumption of dietary fiber (DF) with frequency of food label reading on food products with special reference to DF. The study was conducted in 2536 Croatian adults using an original questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess associations between food label reading habits and predictor variables. Our study confirms the association between habits regarding the reading of labels on food products, especially in relation to information about DF with the sociodemographic factors of respondents, dietary food patterns and DF consumption, as well as knowledge and sources of information about DF. Women, individuals with a university-level education, and those living in an urban environment had more frequent labels used. Food habits as well as eating outside of the home were positive predictors while eating fast food was a negative predictor of food label reading. Knowledge about DF, especially about its health benefits, was also associated with food label reading. The interpretation of associations could help with the design of effective public health programs. Targeted education campaigns to educate and sensitize the population about food labeling and monitoring may improve general knowledge about healthy food and its benefits, which include indirect effects on the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Ljubičić
- Department of Health Studies, University of Zadar, Splitska 1, 23000 Zadar, Croatia
| | - Marijana Matek Sarić
- Department of Health Studies, University of Zadar, Splitska 1, 23000 Zadar, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-23-400-412
| | - Ivana Rumbak
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Colić Barić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Sarić
- School of Medicine, Chatolic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Draženka Komes
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zvonimir Šatalić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Dželalija
- Department of Health Studies, University of Zadar, Splitska 1, 23000 Zadar, Croatia
| | - Raquel P. F. Guiné
- CI&DETS, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Av. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the interplay behind how a high-fibre diet leads to lower blood pressure (BP) via the gut microbiome. RECENT FINDINGS Compelling evidence from meta-analyses support dietary fibre prevents the development of cardiovascular disease and reduces BP. This relation is due to gut microbial metabolites, called short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), derived from fibre fermentation. The SCFAs acetate, propionate and butyrate lower BP in independent hypertensive models. Mechanisms are diverse but still not fully understood-for example, they include G protein-coupled receptors, epigenetics, immune cells, the renin-angiotensin system and vasculature changes. Lack of dietary fibre leads to changes to the gut microbiota that drive an increase in BP. The mechanisms involved are unknown. The intricate interplay between fibre, the gut microbiota and SCFAs may represent novel therapeutic approaches for high BP. Other gut microbiota-derived metabolites, produced when fibre intake is low, may hold potential therapeutic applications. Further translational evidence is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chudan Xu
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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