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Ahangari F, Soudi S, Ghaffari Khaligh S, Mirsanei Z, Soufihasanabad S, Ebadi Asl P, Mahmoud Hashemi S. Combinational therapy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and azithromycin improves clinical and histopathological recovery in CLP sepsis model. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112732. [PMID: 39053229 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a syndrome that occurs following an infection and marked by severe inflammatory responses, and if not treated in time, it can lead to multi-organ failure syndrome and death. This study examines the effects of a novel combination therapy using azithromycin and mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) on a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis. METHODS Human Wharton's jelly-mesenchymal stem cells were cultured, characterized, and used to extract EVs. The CLP sepsis model was induced in mice, followed by treatments: saline, AZM, EVs, and combination therapy (A+E). Clinical sepsis scores were recorded 24 h post-treatment. Serum, peritoneal fluid, and organ tissues (kidney, liver, lung) were collected and analyzed for biochemical parameters (AST ALT, and creatinine), inflammatory markers, bacterial load, and histopathological changes. RESULTS The A+E combined treatment improved the clinical scores of septic mice. The administration of A+E reduced bacterial loads in the peritoneum of septic mice, contributing to effective control of infection. Inflammatory markers of neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR) and TNF-α serum levels were significantly lower in the combinational therapy group, indicating significant anti-inflammatory effect of this combination. Additionally, combination of AZM and EVs alleviated organ damage mainly within liver, kidneys and lungs. Based on histopathological assessments and biochemical parameters, there was diminished tissue damage as well as reduced inflammation, which is correlated with improved functions of these vital organs. CONCLUSION The combined use of azithromycin and EVs offers a promising therapeutic approach for sepsis by effectively controlling infection and modulating the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahangari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Mirsanei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soufihasanabad
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pedram Ebadi Asl
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tripathy S, Burd I, Kelleher MA. Membrane inflammasome activation by choriodecidual Ureaplasma parvum infection without intra-amniotic infection in a Non-Human Primate model†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:971-984. [PMID: 38335245 PMCID: PMC11094395 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine infection is a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Ureaplasma parvum is a microorganism commonly isolated from cases of preterm birth and preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM). However, the mechanisms of early stage ascending reproductive tract infection remain poorly understood. To examine inflammation in fetal (chorioamnionic) membranes we utilized a non-human primate (NHP) model of choriodecidual U. parvum infection. Eight chronically catheterized pregnant rhesus macaques underwent maternal-fetal catheterization surgery at ~105-112 days gestation and choriodecidual inoculation with U. parvum (105 CFU/mL, n =4) or sterile media (controls; n = 4) starting at 115-119 days, repeated at 5-day intervals until C-section at 136-140 days (term=167 days). The average inoculation to delivery interval was 21 days, and Ureaplasma infection of the amniotic fluid (AF) was undetectable in all animals. Choriodecidual Ureaplasma infection resulted in increased fetal membrane expression of MMP-9 and PTGS2, but did not result in preterm labor or increased concentrations of AF pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, membrane expression of inflammasome sensors, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, and NOD2, and adaptor ASC (PYCARD) gene expression were significantly increased. Gene expression of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-18R1 , CASPASE-1, and pro-CASPASE-1 protein increased with Ureaplasma infection. Downstream inflammatory genes MYD88 and NFκB (Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) were also significantly upregulated. These results demonstrate that choriodecidual Ureaplasma infection, can cause activation of inflammasome complexes and pathways associated with pPROM and preterm labor prior to microbes being detectable in the AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Tripathy
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meredith A Kelleher
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
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Gong C, Wu J, Li H, Luo C, Ji G, Guan X, Liu J, Wang M. METTL3 achieves lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial injury via m 6A-dependent stabilization of Myh3 mRNA. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119503. [PMID: 37245538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) was an important pathological component of severe sepsis and septic shock. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification was a common RNA modification in both mRNA and non-coding RNAs and was proved to be involved in sepsis and immune disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of METTL3 in lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial injury. We firstly analyzed the expression changes of various m6A-related regulators in human samples in the GSE79962 data and the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve of significantly changed m6A enzymes, showing that METTL3 had a high diagnostic ability in patients with SCM. Western blotting confirmed the high expression of METTL3 in LPS-treated H9C2 cells, which was consistent with the above results in human samples. In vitro and in vivo, the deficiency of METTL3 could improve the cardiac function, cardiac tissue damage, myocardial cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species levels in LPS-treated H9C2 cells and LPS-induced sepsis rats, respectively. In addition, we obtained 213 differential genes through transcriptome RNA-seq analysis, and conducted GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis through DAVID. We also found that the half-life of Myh3 mRNA was significantly reduced after METTL3 deletion and that Myh3 carried several potential m6A modification sites. In conclusion, we found that downregulation of METTL3 reversed LPS-induced myocardial cell and tissue damage and reduced cardiac function, mainly by increasing Myh3 stability. Our study revealed a key role of METTL3-mediated m6A methylation in septic cardiomyopathy, which may offer a potential mechanism for the therapy of septic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwu Gong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jinlong Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Congcong Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Guangyu Ji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jichun Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
| | - Mingsong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Yadav S, Dalai P, Gowda S, Nivsarkar M, Agrawal-Rajput R. Azithromycin alters Colony Stimulating Factor-1R (CSF-1R) expression and functional output of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages: A novel report. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110688. [PMID: 37499396 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment may lead to side effects that require mechanistic explanation. We investigated the effect of azithromycin (AZM) treatment on bone marrow-derived macrophage (Mφ) generation, their functional output, and the subsequent effect on bacterial clearance in a mouse model of S. flexneri infection. To our fascination, AZM increased PU.1, C/EBPβ, CSF-1R/pCSF-1R expressions leading to M2-skewed in vitro BMDM generation. Altered Mφ-functions like- phagocytosis, oxidative stress generation, inflammasome-activation, cytokine release, and phenotype (pro-inflammatory-M1, anti-inflammatory-M2) even in the presence of infection were observed with AZM treatment. AZM increased CD206, egr2, arg1 (M2-marker) expression and activity while reducing CD68, inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) expression, and activity (M1-marker) in Mφs during infection. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-12, IL-1β) were reduced and anti-inflammatory IL-10 release was augmented by AZM-treated-iMφs (aiMφs) along with decreased asc, nlrp3, aim2, nlrp1a, caspase1 expressions, and caspase3 activity signifying that aMφs/aiMφs were primed towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Interestingly, CSF-1R blockade increased NO, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-1β, decreased TGF-β release, and CD206 expression in aiMφs. T-cell co-stimulatory molecule cd40, cd86, and cd80 expressions were decreased in ai/aM1-Mφs and co-cultured CD8+, CD4+ T-cells had decreased proliferation, t-bet, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-2 but increased foxp3, TGF-β, IL-4 which were rescued with CSF-1R blockade. Thus AZM affected Mφ-functions and subsequent T-cell responses independent of its antibacterial actions. This was validated in the balb/c model of S. flexneri infection. We conclude that AZM skewed BMDM generation to anti-inflammatory M2-like via increased CSF-1R expression. This warrants further investigation of AZM-induced altered-Mφ-generation during intracellular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Parmeswar Dalai
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Sharath Gowda
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | | | - Reena Agrawal-Rajput
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India.
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Tripathy S, Burd I, Kelleher MA. Membrane Inflammasome Activation by Choriodecidual Ureaplasma parvum Infection without Intra-Amniotic Infection in an NHP Model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.18.557989. [PMID: 37781578 PMCID: PMC10541100 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.18.557989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine infection is a significant cause of preterm labor and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Ureaplasma parvum is the micro-organism most commonly isolated from cases of preterm birth and preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM). However, the mechanisms during the early stages of ascending reproductive tract infection that initiate maternal-fetal inflammatory pathways, preterm birth and pPROM remain poorly understood. To examine inflammation in fetal (chorioamnionic) membranes in response to Ureaplasma parvum infection, we utilized a novel in vivo non-human primate model of early choriodecidual infection. Eight chronically catheterized pregnant rhesus macaques underwent maternal-fetal catheterization surgery at 105-112 days gestation and choriodecidual inoculation with Ureaplasma parvum (10 5 cfu/mL of a low passaged clinical isolate, serovar 1; n=4) or saline/sterile media (Controls; n=4) starting at 115-119 days gestation, repeated every 5 days until scheduled cesarean-section at 136-140d gestation (term=167d). The average inoculation to delivery interval was 21 days and Ureaplasma infection of the amniotic fluid was undetectable by culture and PCR in all animals. Inflammatory mediators in amniotic fluid (AF) were assessed by Luminex, ELISA and multiplex assays. RNA was extracted from the chorion and amnionic membranes for single gene analysis (qRT-PCR) and protein expression was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Our NHP model of choriodecidual Ureaplasma infection, representing an early-stage ascending reproductive tract infection without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, resulted in increased fetal membrane protein and gene expression of MMP-9 and PTGS2, but did not result in preterm labor (no increase in uterine contractility) or increased concentrations of amniotic fluid pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α). However, membrane expression of inflammasome sensor molecules, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2 and NOD2, and the adaptor protein ASC ( PYCARD ) gene expression were significantly increased in the Ureaplasma group when compared to non-infected controls. Gene expression of IL-1 β, IL-18, the IL-18R1 receptor , CASPASE-1 and pro-CASPASE-1 protein were also increased in the fetal membranes with Ureaplasma infection. Downstream inflammatory signaling genes MYD88 was also significantly upregulated in both the amnion and chorion, along with a significant increase in NFKB in the chorion. These results demonstrate that even at the early stages of ascending reproductive tract Ureaplasma infection, activation of inflammasome complexes and pathways associated with degradation of chorioamnionic membrane integrity are present. This study therefore provides experimental evidence for the importance of the early stages of ascending Ureaplasma infection in initiating processes of pPROM and preterm labor. These findings have implications for the identification of intrauterine inflammation before microbes are detectable in the amniotic fluid (sterile inflammation) and the timing of potential treatments for preterm labor and fetal injury caused by intrauterine infection.
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Yadav S, Shah D, Dalai P, Agrawal-Rajput R. The tale of antibiotics beyond antimicrobials: Expanding horizons. Cytokine 2023; 169:156285. [PMID: 37393846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics had proved to be a godsend for mankind since their discovery. They were once the magical solution to the vexing problem of infection-related deaths. German scientist Paul Ehrlich had termed salvarsan as the silver bullet to treatsyphilis.As time passed, the magic of newly discovered silver bullets got tarnished with raging antibiotic resistance among bacteria and associated side-effects. Still, antibiotics remain the primary line of treatment for bacterial infections. Our understanding of their chemical and biological activities has increased immensely with advancement in the research field. Non-antibacterial effects of antibiotics are studied extensively to optimise their safer, broad-range use. These non-antibacterial effects could be both useful and harmful to us. Various researchers across the globe including our lab are studying the direct/indirect effects and molecular mechanisms behind these non-antibacterial effects of antibiotics. So, it is interesting for us to sum up the available literature. In this review, we have briefed the possible reason behind the non-antibacterial effects of antibiotics, owing to the endosymbiotic origin of host mitochondria. We further discuss the physiological and immunomodulatory effects of antibiotics. We then extend the review to discuss molecular mechanisms behind the plausible use of antibiotics as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Yadav
- Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dhruvi Shah
- Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Parmeswar Dalai
- Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Reena Agrawal-Rajput
- Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India.
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Ryu G, Lee E, Park SI, Park M, Hong SD, Jung YG, Kim HY. The Mechanism of Action and Clinical Efficacy of Low-Dose Long-Term Macrolide Therapy in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119489. [PMID: 37298439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Various chronic inflammatory airway diseases can be treated with low-dose, long-term (LDLT) macrolide therapy. LDLT macrolides can be one of the therapeutic options for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) due to their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions. Currently, various immunomodulatory mechanisms of the LDLT macrolide treatment have been reported, as well as their antimicrobial properties. Several mechanisms have already been identified in CRS, including reduced cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, inhibition of neutrophil recruitment, decreased mucus secretion, and increased mucociliary transport. Although some evidence of effectiveness for CRS has been published, the efficacy of this therapy has been inconsistent across clinical studies. LDLT macrolides are generally believed to act on the non-type 2 inflammatory endotype of CRS. However, the effectiveness of LDLT macrolide treatment in CRS is still controversial. Here, we reviewed the immunological mechanisms related to CRS in LDLT macrolide therapy and the treatment effects according to the clinical situation of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwanghui Ryu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyu Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Song I Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang 10380, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhae Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Duk Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gi Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Yeol Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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Gagliano A, Carta A, Tanca MG, Sotgiu S. Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: Current Perspectives. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:1221-1250. [PMID: 37251418 PMCID: PMC10225150 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s362202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) features a heterogeneous constellation of acute obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), eating restriction, cognitive, behavioral and/or affective symptoms, often followed by a chronic course with cognitive deterioration. An immune-mediated etiology is advocated in which the CNS is hit by different pathogen-driven (auto)immune responses. This narrative review focused on recent clinical (ie, diagnostic criteria, pre-existing neurodevelopmental disorders, neuroimaging) and pathophysiological (ie, CSF, serum, genetic and autoimmune findings) aspects of PANS. We also summarized recent points to facilitate practitioners with the disease management. Relevant literature was obtained from PubMed database which included only English-written, full-text clinical studies, case reports, and reviews. Among a total of 1005 articles, 205 were pertinent to study inclusion. Expert opinions are converging on PANS as the effect of post-infectious events or stressors leading to "brain inflammation", as it is well-established for anti-neuronal psychosis. Interestingly, differentiating PANS from either autoimmune encephalitides and Sydenham's chorea or from alleged "pure" psychiatric disorders (OCD, tics, Tourette's syndrome), reveals several overlaps and more analogies than differences. Our review highlights the need for a comprehensive algorithm to help both patients during their acute distressing phase and physicians during their treatment decision. A full agreement on the hierarchy of each therapeutical intervention is missing owing to the limited number of randomized controlled trials. The current approach to PANS treatment emphasizes immunomodulation/anti-inflammatory treatments in association with both psychotropic and cognitive-behavioral therapies, while antibiotics are suggested when an active bacterial infection is established. A dimensional view, taking into account the multifactorial origin of psychiatric disorders, should suggest neuro-inflammation as a possible shared substrate of different psychiatric phenotypes. Hence, PANS and PANS-related disorders should be considered as a conceptual framework describing the etiological and phenotypical complexity of many psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Gagliano
- Department of Health Science, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari & "A. Cao" Paediatric Hospital, Child & Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marcello G Tanca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari & "A. Cao" Paediatric Hospital, Child & Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Sassari, Italy
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Yan Y, Wu L, Li X, Zhao L, Xu Y. Immunomodulatory role of azithromycin: Potential applications to radiation-induced lung injury. Front Oncol 2023; 13:966060. [PMID: 36969016 PMCID: PMC10030824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.966060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) including radiation-induced pneumonitis and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis is a side effect of radiotherapy for thoracic tumors. Azithromycin is a macrolide with immunomodulatory properties and anti-inflammatory effects. The immunopathology of RILI that results from irradiation is robust pro-inflammatory responses with high levels of chemokine and cytokine expression. In some patients, pulmonary interstitial fibrosis results usually due to an overactive immune response. Growing clinical studies recently proposed that the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of azithromycin may benefit patients with acute lung injury. It has been shown potential benefits for patients with RILI in preclinical studies. Azithromycin has a variety of immunomodulatory effect to improve the process of disease, including inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines production participating in the regulatory function of macrophages, changes in autophagy, and inhibition of neutrophil influx. We review the published evidence of mechanisms of azithromycin, and focus on the potential effect of azithromycin on the immune response to RILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yaping Xu, ; Xuefei Li, ; Lan Zhao,
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yaping Xu, ; Xuefei Li, ; Lan Zhao,
| | - Yaping Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yaping Xu, ; Xuefei Li, ; Lan Zhao,
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Xiang R, Liu Y, Fan L, Jiang B, Wang F. RNA adenosine deaminase (ADAR1) alleviates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1088-1100. [PMID: 36775349 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic inflammatory disease in which nucleotide-binding domain of leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays an important role. The present research was aimed to explore the protective function of ADAR1, an RNA editing enzyme, against inflammatory damages in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent inflammation. A total of 30 patients with NAFLD were investigated, and ADAR1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood monocytes surveyed. The in vivo study used lentivirus to explore the function of ADAR1 overexpression in the HFD-induced mouse model of NAFLD. The in vitro study used lentivirus and siRNA to explore the function of ADAR1 on the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1 cells. Results shown that the ADAR1 expression was upregulated in NAFLD patients in comparison to healthy controls. In vivo, the upregulation of ADAR1 impaired NLRP3 inflammasome activation and alleviated liver disease in HFD mice in comparison to the control group. Moreover, ADAR1 overexpression attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+ palmitic acid (PA)-induced THP-1 cells, while ADAR1 knockdown increased the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, we speculated that c-Jun may participate in ADAR1's inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. Our results suggested that ADAR1 is a potential treatment target for NAFLD via regulating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xiang
- The Endocrinology Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal for Human Disease, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxing Liu
- The Endocrinology Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Liangliang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal for Human Disease, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Boyue Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The Endocrinology Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal for Human Disease, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Caufriez A, Tabernilla A, Van Campenhout R, Cooreman A, Leroy K, Sanz Serrano J, Kadam P, dos Santos Rodrigues B, Lamouroux A, Ballet S, Vinken M. Effects of Drugs Formerly Suggested for COVID-19 Repurposing on Pannexin1 Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105664. [PMID: 35628472 PMCID: PMC9146942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many efforts have been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of COVID-19, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully uncovered. However, it is known that a dysfunctional immune response and the accompanying uncontrollable inflammation lead to troublesome outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Pannexin1 channels are put forward as interesting drug targets for the treatment of COVID-19 due to their key role in inflammation and their link to other viral infections. In the present study, we selected a panel of drugs previously tested in clinical trials as potential candidates for the treatment of COVID-19 early on in the pandemic, including hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, dexamethasone, ribavirin, remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir, and ritonavir. The effect of the drugs on pannexin1 channels was assessed at a functional level by means of measurement of extracellular ATP release. Immunoblot analysis and real-time quantitative reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to study the potential of the drugs to alter pannexin1 protein and mRNA expression levels, respectively. Favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, and the combination of lopinavir with ritonavir were found to inhibit pannexin1 channel activity without affecting pannexin1 protein or mRNA levels. Thusthree new inhibitors of pannexin1 channels were identified that, though currently not being used anymore for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, could be potential drug candidates for other pannexin1-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Caufriez
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
- Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (A.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Raf Van Campenhout
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Axelle Cooreman
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Kaat Leroy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Julen Sanz Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Prashant Kadam
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Bruna dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Arthur Lamouroux
- Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (A.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Steven Ballet
- Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (A.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2477-4587
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12
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Venditto VJ, Feola DJ. Delivering macrolide antibiotics to heal a broken heart - And other inflammatory conditions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114252. [PMID: 35367307 PMCID: PMC9063468 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Drug carriers to deliver macrolide antibiotics, such as azithromycin, show promise as antibacterial agents. Macrolide drug carriers have largely focused on improving the drug stability and pharmacokinetics, while reducing adverse reactions and improving antibacterial activity. Recently, macrolides have shown promise in treating inflammatory conditions by promoting a reparative effect and limiting detrimental pro-inflammatory responses, which shifts the immunologic setpoint from suppression to balance. While macrolide drug carriers have only recently been investigated for their ability to modulate immune responses, the previous strategies that deliver macrolides for antibacterial therapy provide a roadmap for repurposing the macrolide drug carriers for therapeutic interventions targeting inflammatory conditions. This review describes the antibacterial and immunomodulatory activity of macrolides, while assessing the past in vivo evaluation of drug carriers used to deliver macrolides with the intention of presenting a case for increased effort to translate macrolide drug carriers into the clinic.
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13
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Behal ML, Nguyen JL, Li X, Feola DJ, Neyra JA, Flannery AH. Azithromycin and Major Adverse Kidney Events in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. Shock 2022; 57:479-485. [PMID: 34731096 PMCID: PMC9725110 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Immune dysregulation is a hallmark of sepsis, with important contributions to organ dysfunction including injury and repair mechanisms in AKI. Macrolide antibiotics, such as azithromycin, have previously demonstrated in preclinical models a myriad of immunomodulatory effects that may benefit critically ill patients with SA-AKI. The aim of this study was to determine if early receipt of azithromycin in SA-AKI is associated with a reduction in major adverse kidney events (MAKE) at hospital discharge. METHODS This was a single center, retrospective cohort study of critically ill adult patients with SA-AKI. Early exposure to azithromycin was defined as receipt of one or more doses within 48 h of a hospital admission with SA-AKI. The primary outcome of MAKE assessed at hospital discharge was the composite of death, requirement for kidney replacement therapy, or a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate of 25% or more. Multivariable logistic regression was used to account for potential confounders in the assessment. RESULTS Of 737 included patients with SA-AKI, 152 (20.6%) received azithromycin. Patients that received early azithromycin were less likely to experience MAKE at hospital discharge when compared to those patients not receiving azithromycin: 38.8% versus 48.4% (P = 0.035). In multivariable logistic regression, receipt of azithromycin was independently associated with a decreased odds of MAKE at hospital discharge (aOR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41-0.93). CONCLUSIONS Early exposure to azithromycin in SA-AKI is independently associated with lower odds of MAKE at hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Behal
- University of Kentucky HealthCare, Department of Pharmacy Services, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Jonny L. Nguyen
- University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Xilong Li
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, Dallas, TX USA
| | - David J. Feola
- University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Javier A. Neyra
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Bone, and Mineral Metabolism, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Alexander H. Flannery
- University of Kentucky HealthCare, Department of Pharmacy Services, Lexington, KY USA
- University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, Lexington, KY USA
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14
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Zafar-Mohammadi K, Poursamimi J, Atabaki M. NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its inhibitory drugs in connection with COVID-19 infection. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [PMCID: PMC9515760 DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221130984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the beta coronavirus family that cause the
inflammatory condition, acute pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS). ARDS is the most important reason of mortality in patients,
characterized as a highly increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine
secretion. Inflammasome is a complex, which has an essential role in
inflammatory situation, and NOD, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3
(NLRP3) is the most studied inflammasome that is considered to play vital roles
in the virus infection and its pathogenesis. Our search language was limited to
English and the search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed and Embase. Based
on published articles, our current narrative review first explains the structure
of the SARS-Cov2 virus and then describes the function of the NLRP3 inflammasome
in relation to COVID-19 and drugs effective in controlling it. The NLRP3
inflammasome activation related to the initiation of inflammatory cascade
including important cytokines production and releases such as IL-6, TNF-α and
IL-1β. Thus, targeting the NLRP3 as a member of the innate immune system may be
helpful for the reduction of ARDS clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javad Poursamimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mahdi Atabaki
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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15
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Rismanbaf A, Afshari K, Ghasemi M, Badripour A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Dehpour AR, Shafaroodi H. Therapeutic Effects of Azithromycin on Spinal Cord Injury in Male Wistar Rats: A Role for Inflammatory Pathways. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2021; 83:411-419. [PMID: 34781403 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory responses, including macrophages/microglia imbalance, are associated with spinal cord injury (SCI) complications. Accumulating evidence also suggests an anti-inflammatory property of azithromycin (AZM). MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to T9 vertebra laminectomy. SCI was induced by spinal cord compression at this level with an aneurysmal clip for 60 seconds. They were divided into three groups: the sham-operated group and two SCI treatment (normal saline as a vehicle control vs. AZM at 180 mg/kg/d intraperitoneally for 3 days postsurgery; first dose: 30 minutes after surgery) groups. Locomotor scaling and behavioral tests for neuropathic pain were evaluated and compared through a 28-day period. At the end of the study, tissue samples were taken to assess neuroinflammatory changes and neural demyelination using ELISA and histopathologic examinations, respectively. In addition, the proportion of M1/M2 macrophage polarization was assessed by using flow cytometry. RESULTS Post-SCI AZM treatment (180 mg/kg/d for 3 days) significantly improved locomotion (p < 0.01) and decreased sensitivity to mechanical (p < 0.01) and thermal allodynia (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) decline (p < 0.01) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) elevation (p < 0.01) in the spinal cord tissue of the AZM-treated group compared with the control groups 28 days post-SCI. AZM significantly improved neuroinflammation as evidenced by reduction of the M1 expression, elevation of M2 macrophages, and reduction of the M1/M2 ratio in both the dorsal root ganglion and the spinal cord tissue after SCI compared with controls (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION AZM treatment can be considered a therapeutic agent for SCI, as it could reduce neuroinflammation and SCI sensory/locomotor complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rismanbaf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Khashayar Afshari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of).,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Abolfazl Badripour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Hamed Shafaroodi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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16
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Dughbaj MA, Jayne JG, Park AYJ, Bensman TJ, Algorri M, Ouellette AJ, Selsted ME, Beringer PM. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of RTD-1 in a Murine Model of Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection: Inhibition of NF-κB, Inflammasome Gene Expression, and Pro-IL-1β Biosynthesis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1043. [PMID: 34572625 PMCID: PMC8466744 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vicious cycles of chronic airway obstruction, lung infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and neutrophil-dominated inflammation contribute to morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Rhesus theta defensin-1 (RTD-1) is an antimicrobial macrocyclic peptide with immunomodulatory properties. Our objective was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of RTD-1 in a murine model of chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection. Mice received nebulized RTD-1 daily for 6 days. Bacterial burden, leukocyte counts, and cytokine concentrations were evaluated. Microarray analysis was performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells and lung tissue homogenates. In vitro effects of RTD-1 in THP-1 cells were assessed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoblots, confocal microscopy, enzymatic activity assays, and NF-κB-reporter assays. RTD-1 significantly reduced lung white blood cell counts on days 3 (-54.95%; p = 0.0003) and 7 (-31.71%; p = 0.0097). Microarray analysis of lung tissue homogenates and BALF cells revealed that RTD-1 significantly reduced proinflammatory gene expression, particularly inflammasome-related genes (nod-like receptor protein 3, Mediterranean fever gene, interleukin (IL)-1α, and IL-1β) relative to the control. In vitro studies demonstrated NF-κB activation was reduced two-fold (p ≤ 0.0001) by RTD-1 treatment. Immunoblots revealed that RTD-1 treatment inhibited proIL-1β biosynthesis. Additionally, RTD-1 treatment was associated with a reduction in caspase-1 activation (FC = -1.79; p = 0.0052). RTD-1 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity in chronically infected mice. Importantly, RTD-1 inhibits inflammasome activity, which is possibly a downstream effect of NF-κB modulation. These findings support that this immunomodulatory peptide may be a promising therapeutic for CF-associated lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour A Dughbaj
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jordanna G Jayne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - A Young J Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Timothy J Bensman
- Division of Infectious Disease Pharmacology, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Marquerita Algorri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Andre J Ouellette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Michael E Selsted
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Paul M Beringer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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17
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Zhao N, Di B, Xu LL. The NLRP3 inflammasome and COVID-19: Activation, pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 61:2-15. [PMID: 34183243 PMCID: PMC8233448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe pneumonia or even death. In severe COVID-19 cases, an increased level of proinflammatory cytokines has been observed in the bloodstream, forming the so-called “cytokine storm”. Generally, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation intensely induces cytokine production as an inflammatory response to viral infection. Therefore, the NLRP3 inflammasome can be a potential target for the treatment of COVID-19. Hence, this review first introduces the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway. Second, we review the cellular/molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by SARS-CoV-2 infection (e.g., viroporins, ion flux and the complement cascade). Furthermore, we describe the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 (e.g., cytokine storm, respiratory manifestations, cardiovascular comorbidity and neurological symptoms). Finally, we also propose several promising inhibitors targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome, cytokine products and neutrophils to provide novel therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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18
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Wang X, Xin B, Tan W, Xu Z, Li K, Li F, Zhong W, Peng S. DeepR2cov: deep representation learning on heterogeneous drug networks to discover anti-inflammatory agents for COVID-19. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6296505. [PMID: 34117734 PMCID: PMC8344611 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the excessive inflammatory response is an important factor of death in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. In this study, we propose a deep representation on heterogeneous drug networks, termed DeepR2cov, to discover potential agents for treating the excessive inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients. This work explores the multi-hub characteristic of a heterogeneous drug network integrating eight unique networks. Inspired by the multi-hub characteristic, we design 3 billion special meta paths to train a deep representation model for learning low-dimensional vectors that integrate long-range structure dependency and complex semantic relation among network nodes. Based on the representation vectors and transcriptomics data, we predict 22 drugs that bind to tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-6, whose therapeutic associations with the inflammation storm in COVID-19 patients, and molecular binding model are further validated via data from PubMed publications, ongoing clinical trials and a docking program. In addition, the results on five biomedical applications suggest that DeepR2cov significantly outperforms five existing representation approaches. In summary, DeepR2cov is a powerful network representation approach and holds the potential to accelerate treatment of the inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients. The source code and data can be downloaded from https://github.com/pengsl-lab/DeepR2cov.git.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, China
| | - Bin Xin
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences in the College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Kenli Li
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, China
| | - Fei Li
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Wu Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
| | - Shaoliang Peng
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, China
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19
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Galvez J, Zanni R, Galvez-Llompart M, Benlloch JM. Macrolides May Prevent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Entry into Cells: A Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship Study and Experimental Validation. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:2016-2025. [PMID: 33734704 PMCID: PMC7986980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is threatening the health and economic systems worldwide. Despite the enormous efforts of scientists and clinicians around the world, there is still no drug or vaccine available worldwide for the treatment and prevention of the infection. A rapid strategy for the identification of new treatments is based on repurposing existing clinically approved drugs that show antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, after developing a quantitative structure activity relationship analysis based on molecular topology, several macrolide antibiotics are identified as promising SARS-CoV-2 spike protein inhibitors. To confirm the in silico results, the best candidates were tested against two human coronaviruses (i.e., 229E-GFP and SARS-CoV-2) in cell culture. Time-of-addition experiments and a surrogate model of viral cell entry were used to identify the steps in the virus life cycle inhibited by the compounds. Infection experiments demonstrated that azithromycin, clarithromycin, and lexithromycin reduce the intracellular accumulation of viral RNA and virus spread as well as prevent virus-induced cell death, by inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. Even though the three macrolide antibiotics display a narrow antiviral activity window against SARS-CoV-2, it may be of interest to further investigate their effect on the viral spike protein and their potential in combination therapies for the coronavirus disease 19 early stage of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Galvez
- Molecular Topology and Drug Design
Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Universitat de
Valencia, Burjassot 46100,
Spain
| | - Riccardo Zanni
- Molecular Topology and Drug Design
Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Universitat de
Valencia, Burjassot 46100,
Spain
| | - Maria Galvez-Llompart
- Molecular Topology and Drug Design
Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Universitat de
Valencia, Burjassot 46100,
Spain
- Instituto de Tecnología
Química, UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politícnica
de Valencia, Valencia 46022,
Spain
| | - Jose Maria Benlloch
- Instituto de Instrumentación para
Imagen Molecular, Centro Mixto CSIC—Universitat
Politècnica de València, Valencia
46022, Spain
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20
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Zhang S, Luo T, Wang J. Stable Cells with NF-κB-ZsGreen Fused Genes Created by TALEN Editing and Homology Directed Repair for Screening Anti-inflammation Drugs. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:917-928. [PMID: 33762839 PMCID: PMC7982563 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s298938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NF-κB is a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor that plays key roles in inflammation and cancer. It is well known that NF-κB is over-activated in these diseases. NF-κB inhibitors are therefore developed as promising drugs for these diseases. However, finding NF-κB inhibitors is dependent on effective screening platforms. Methods For providing an easy and visualizable tool for screening NF-κB inhibitors, and other NF-κB-related studies, this study edited all five genes of NF-κB family (RELA, RELB, CREL, NF-κB1, NF-κB2) in three different cell lines (293T, HepG2, and PANC1) with both TALEN and CRISPR. The edited NF-κB genes were repaired by homology-dependent repair using a linear homologous donor containing ZsGreen coding sequence. The edit efficiency was thus directly evaluated by detecting cellular fluorescence. The editing efficiency was also confirmed by PCR detection of NF-κB-ZsGreen fused genes. Results It was found that all genes were more efficiently edited by TALEN in all cells than CRISPR. The positive cells were then isolated from the TALEN-edited cell pool by flow cytometry. The purified positive cells were finally evaluated by regulating NF-κB activity with a known NF-κB inhibitor, BAY 11-7082, and an NF-κB-targeting artificial microRNA, miR533. The results revealed that all the labeled NF-κB genes responded well to the two kinds of NF-κB activity regulators in all cell lines. Conclusion This study thus obtained 15 cell lines with NF-κB-ZsGreen fused genes, which provide an easy and visualizable tool for screening NF-κB inhibitors and other NF-κB-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
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21
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Oliver ME, Hinks TSC. Azithromycin in viral infections. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:e2163. [PMID: 32969125 PMCID: PMC7536932 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Azithromycin (AZM) is a synthetic macrolide antibiotic effective against a broad range of bacterial and mycobacterial infections. Due to an additional range of anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties, it has been given to patients with the coronaviruses SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV. It is now being investigated as a potential candidate treatment for SARS-CoV-2 having been identified as a candidate therapeutic for this virus by both in vitro and in silico drug screens. To date there are no randomised trial data on its use in any novel coronavirus infection, although a large number of trials are currently in progress. In this review, we summarise data from in vitro, murine and human clinical studies on the anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties of macrolides, particularly AZM. AZM reduces in vitro replication of several classes of viruses including rhinovirus, influenza A, Zika virus, Ebola, enteroviruses and coronaviruses, via several mechanisms. AZM enhances expression of anti-viral pattern recognition receptors and induction of anti-viral type I and III interferon responses. Of relevance to severe coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19), which is characterised by an over-exuberant innate inflammatory response, AZM also has anti-inflammatory properties including suppression of IL-1beta, IL-2, TNF and GM-CSF. AZM inhibits T cells by inhibiting calcineurin signalling, mammalian target of rapamycin activity and NFκB activation. AZM particularly targets granulocytes where it concentrates markedly in lysosomes, particularly affecting accumulation, adhesion, degranulation and apoptosis of neutrophils. Given its proven safety, affordability and global availability, tempered by significant concerns about antimicrobial stewardship, there is an urgent mandate to perform well-designed and conducted randomised clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy S. C. Hinks
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Experimental Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)University of OxfordOxfordUK
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22
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Venditto VJ, Haydar D, Abdel-Latif A, Gensel JC, Anstead MI, Pitts MG, Creameans J, Kopper TJ, Peng C, Feola DJ. Immunomodulatory Effects of Azithromycin Revisited: Potential Applications to COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:574425. [PMID: 33643308 PMCID: PMC7906979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.574425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted an accelerated pursuit to identify effective therapeutics. Stages of the disease course have been defined by viral burden, lung pathology, and progression through phases of the immune response. Immunological factors including inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine storm have been associated with severe disease and death. Many immunomodulatory therapies for COVID-19 are currently being investigated, and preliminary results support the premise of targeting the immune response. However, because suppressing immune mechanisms could also impact the clearance of the virus in the early stages of infection, therapeutic success is likely to depend on timing with respect to the disease course. Azithromycin is an immunomodulatory drug that has been shown to have antiviral effects and potential benefit in patients with COVID-19. Multiple immunomodulatory effects have been defined for azithromycin which could provide efficacy during the late stages of the disease, including inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, inhibition of neutrophil influx, induction of regulatory functions of macrophages, and alterations in autophagy. Here we review the published evidence of these mechanisms along with the current clinical use of azithromycin as an immunomodulatory therapeutic. We then discuss the potential impact of azithromycin on the immune response to COVID-19, as well as caution against immunosuppressive and off-target effects including cardiotoxicity in these patients. While azithromycin has the potential to contribute efficacy, its impact on the COVID-19 immune response requires additional characterization so as to better define its role in individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J. Venditto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Dalia Haydar
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - John C. Gensel
- Department of Physiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Michael I. Anstead
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Michelle G. Pitts
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jarrod Creameans
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Timothy J. Kopper
- Department of Physiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chi Peng
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David J. Feola
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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23
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Bahadoram M, Keikhaei B, Saeedi-Boroujeni A, Mahmoudian-Sani MR. Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine: an inflammasome inhibitor in severe COVID-19? NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:997-1001. [PMID: 33416933 PMCID: PMC7792551 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine belong to the aminoquinoline drugs. Studies revealed that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine shows antagonism activity against COVID-19 under laboratory conditions. ARDS and ALI are conditions that occur in patients with COVID-19 as the main pathological complications of cytokine storm. Inflammasomes play a key role in the pathogenesis of many diseases associated with destructive inflammation. NLRP3 inflammasome has been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. The possible role of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors in the treatment of COVID-19 has been considered. We surveyed the potential inhibitory effect of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on inflammasome. Studies indicate that one of the possible anti-inflammatory mechanisms of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine is inhibition of the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bahadoram
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bijan Keikhaei
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Saeedi-Boroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,ImmunologyToday, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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24
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Morris G, Bortolasci CC, Puri BK, Olive L, Marx W, O'Neil A, Athan E, Carvalho A, Maes M, Walder K, Berk M. Preventing the development of severe COVID-19 by modifying immunothrombosis. Life Sci 2021; 264:118617. [PMID: 33096114 PMCID: PMC7574725 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with significant morbidity and high levels of mortality. This paper describes the processes involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 from the initial infection and subsequent destruction of type II alveolar epithelial cells by SARS-CoV-2 and culminating in the development of ARDS. MAIN BODY The activation of alveolar cells and alveolar macrophages leads to the release of large quantities of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and their translocation into the pulmonary vasculature. The presence of these inflammatory mediators in the vascular compartment leads to the activation of vascular endothelial cells platelets and neutrophils and the subsequent formation of platelet neutrophil complexes. These complexes in concert with activated endothelial cells interact to create a state of immunothrombosis. The consequence of immunothrombosis include hypercoagulation, accelerating inflammation, fibrin deposition, migration of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) producing neutrophils into the alveolar apace, activation of the NLRP3 inflammazome, increased alveolar macrophage destruction and massive tissue damage by pyroptosis and necroptosis Therapeutic combinations aimed at ameliorating immunothrombosis and preventing the development of severe COVID-19 are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Lisa Olive
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eugene Athan
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andre Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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25
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Morris G, Athan E, Walder K, Bortolasci CC, O'Neil A, Marx W, Berk M, Carvalho AF, Maes M, Puri BK. Can endolysosomal deacidification and inhibition of autophagy prevent severe COVID-19? Life Sci 2020; 262:118541. [PMID: 33035581 PMCID: PMC7537668 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The possibility is examined that immunomodulatory pharmacotherapy may be clinically useful in managing the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), known to result from infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. The dominant route of cell entry of the coronavirus is via phagocytosis, with ensconcement in endosomes thereafter proceeding via the endosomal pathway, involving transfer from early (EEs) to late endosomes (LEs) and ultimately into lysosomes via endolysosomal fusion. EE to LE transportation is a rate-limiting step for coronaviruses. Hence inhibition or dysregulation of endosomal trafficking could potentially inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication. Furthermore, the acidic luminal pH of the endolysosomal system is critical for the activity of numerous pH-sensitive hydrolytic enzymes. Golgi sub-compartments and Golgi-derived secretory vesicles also depend on being mildly acidic for optimal function and structure. Activation of endosomal toll-like receptors by viral RNA can upregulate inflammatory mediators and contribute to a systemic inflammatory cytokine storm, associated with a worsened clinical outcome in COVID-19. Such endosomal toll-like receptors could be inhibited by the use of pharmacological agents which increase endosomal pH, thereby reducing the activity of acid-dependent endosomal proteases required for their activity and/or assembly, leading to suppression of antigen-presenting cell activity, decreased autoantibody secretion, decreased nuclear factor-kappa B activity and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production. It is also noteworthy that SARS-CoV-2 inhibits autophagy, predisposing infected cells to apoptosis. It is therefore also suggested that further pharmacological inhibition of autophagy might encourage the apoptotic clearance of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eugene Athan
- Deakin University, IMPACT, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,Department of Infectious Disease, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chiara C. Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,Deakin University, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wolf Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry, the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - André F. Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Basant K. Puri
- C.A.R., Cambridge, UK,Corresponding author at: Level 1, Block A, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
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26
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Reijnders TDY, Saris A, Schultz MJ, van der Poll T. Immunomodulation by macrolides: therapeutic potential for critical care. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2020; 8:619-630. [PMID: 32526189 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Critical illness is associated with immune dysregulation, characterised by concurrent hyperinflammation and immune suppression. Hyperinflammation can result in collateral tissue damage and organ failure, whereas immune suppression has been implicated in susceptibility to secondary infections and reactivation of latent viruses. Macrolides are a class of bacteriostatic antibiotics that are used in the intensive care unit to control infections or to alleviate gastrointestinal dysmotility. Yet macrolides also have potent and wide-ranging immunomodulatory properties, which might have the potential to correct immune dysregulation in patients who are critically ill without affecting crucial antimicrobial defences. In this Review, we provide an overview of preclinical and clinical studies that point to the beneficial effects of macrolides in acute diseases relevant to critical care, and we discuss the possible underlying mechanisms of their immunomodulatory effects. Further studies are needed to explore the therapeutic potential of macrolides in critical illness, to identify subgroups of patients who might benefit from treatment, and to develop novel non-antibiotic macrolide derivatives with improved immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom D Y Reijnders
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anno Saris
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcus J Schultz
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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27
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Donovan C, Liu G, Shen S, Marshall JE, Kim RY, Alemao CA, Budden KF, Choi JP, Kohonen-Corish M, El-Omar EM, Yang IA, Hansbro PM. The role of the microbiome and the NLRP3 inflammasome in the gut and lung. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:925-935. [PMID: 33405294 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0720-472rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, is one of the most well-characterized inflammasomes, activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, including from commensal or pathogenic bacterial and viral infections. The NLRP3 inflammasome promotes inflammatory cell recruitment and regulates immune responses in tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract and the lung, and is involved in many diseases that affect the gut and lung. Recently, the microbiome in the gut and the lung, and the crosstalk between these organs (gut-lung axis), has been identified as a potential mechanism that may influence disease in a bidirectional manner. In this review, we focus on themes presented in this area at the 2019 World Congress on Inflammation. We discuss recent evidence on how the microbiome can affect NLRP3 inflammasome responses in the gut and lung, the role of this inflammasome in regulating gut and lung inflammation in disease, and its potential role in the gut-lung axis. We highlight the exponential increase in our understanding of the NLRP3 inflammasome due to the synthesis of the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, MCC950, and propose future studies that may further elucidate the roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in gut and lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Donovan
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sj Shen
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline E Marshall
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charlotte A Alemao
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kurtis F Budden
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jaesung P Choi
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maija Kohonen-Corish
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emad M El-Omar
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian A Yang
- The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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28
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Mycobacterium abscessus Clearance by Neutrophils Is Independent of Autophagy. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00024-20. [PMID: 32423916 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00024-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus, a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium, is increasingly prevalent in chronic lung disease, including cystic fibrosis, and infections are characterized by neutrophil-dominated environments. However, mechanisms of immune control are poorly understood. Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic with immunomodulatory effects, is used to treat M. abscessus infections. Recently, inhibition of macrophage bactericidal autophagy was described for azithromycin, which could be detrimental to the host. Therefore, we explored the role of autophagy in mycobactericidal neutrophils. Azithromycin did not affect M. abscessus-induced neutrophil reactive oxygen species formation, phagocytosis, or cytokine secretion, and neutrophils treated with azithromycin killed M. abscessus equally as well as untreated neutrophils from either healthy or cystic fibrosis subjects. One clinical isolate was killed more effectively in azithromycin-treated neutrophils, suggesting that pathogen-specific factors may interact with an azithromycin-sensitive pathway. Chloroquine and rapamycin, an inhibitor and an activator of autophagy, respectively, also failed to affect mycobactericidal activity, suggesting that autophagy was not involved. However, wortmannin, an inhibitor of intracellular trafficking, inhibited mycobactericidal activity, but as a result of inhibiting phagocytosis. The effects of these autophagy-modifying agents and azithromycin in neutrophils from healthy subjects were similar between the smooth and rough morphotypes of M. abscessus However, in cystic fibrosis neutrophils, wortmannin inhibited killing of a rough clinical isolate and not a smooth isolate, suggesting that unique host-pathogen interactions exist in cystic fibrosis. These studies increase our understanding of M. abscessus virulence and of neutrophil mycobactericidal mechanisms. Insight into the immune control of M. abscessus may provide novel targets of therapy.
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29
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Infants without apparent risk factors with aspiration as a cause of respiratory symptoms - a retrospective study. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 190:217-223. [PMID: 32583311 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysphagia is common in children born prematurely or those with neuromuscular conditions or airway malformations. Few studies have reported on children with isolated dysphagia and there is significant variation in the literature regarding clinical outcomes. AIMS The aim of this study was to characterise the clinical presentation of children with isolated dysphagia as well as the diagnostic evaluation, treatment strategies and clinical outcomes. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted of children with isolated dysphagia presenting to a tertiary paediatric centre over a 10-year period. RESULTS We describe these patients' presentation, clinical feeding assessment findings, radiological findings, treatment strategies and outcomes. Seventeen children were identified. Recurrent respiratory tract infections were the most common presentation (82%). Oral feeds were continued in 9 (53%) with the remaining being NG fed. Gastrostomy tubes were required for long-term nutrition in 6/8 (75%) of these cases. At follow-up, 11/17 (65%) had resolution of symptoms and are on full oral feeds. The mean age at resolution is 3.45 years. Of those who required gastrostomy 50% have had them removed. CONCLUSION Isolated dysphagia should be considered in children presenting with recurrent, otherwise unexplained respiratory symptoms. Resolution can take a number of years.
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30
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Pani A, Lauriola M, Romandini A, Scaglione F. Macrolides and viral infections: focus on azithromycin in COVID-19 pathology. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 56:106053. [PMID: 32534189 PMCID: PMC7286256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is necessary to quickly find therapeutic options for treating novel SARS-CoV2 Azithromycin has been demonstrated to have antiviral and immunomodulatory effects, which could be effective in the hyper-inflammatory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV2 Azithromycin has also shown clinical efficacy in respiratory distress syndrome and viral infections Preliminary results regarding the efficacy of the combination of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 are conflicting There are some concerns regarding the association of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine because of QT prolongation Further studies have to be performed to investigate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin and the combination with hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19
The emergence of the new COVID-19 virus is proving to be a challenge in seeking effective therapies. Since the most severe clinical manifestation of COVID-19 appears to be a severe acute respiratory syndrome, azithromycin has been proposed as a potential treatment. Azithromycin is known to have immunomodulating and antiviral properties. In vitro studies have demonstrated the capacity of azithromycin in reducing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, IL-6, TNF alpha, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate T-helper functions. At the same time there are multiple clinical evidences of the role of azithromycin in acute respiratory distress syndrome and against Middle East Respiratory syndrome (MERS). Some preliminary evidence has demonstrated controversial results regarding efficacy of azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19. First, a French trial demonstrated 100% virological negativizing of six patients treated with azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine vs. 57.1% of patients treated with only hydroxychloroquine and 12.5% of the control group (P < 0.05). On the other hand, another case series revealed no efficacy at all on 11 patients treated with the same combination and doses. Furthermore, there are some concerns regarding the association of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine because of potential QT prolongation. In fact, both drugs have this as a potential side effect and evidence regarding the safe use of this combination is controversial. Despite the necessity to quickly find solutions for COVID-19, extreme caution must be used in evaluating the risk-benefit balance. However, based on preclinical and clinical evidence and some preliminary results in COVID-19, azithromycin could have potential in the fight against this new disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pani
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Romandini
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
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31
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Osorio C, Kanukuntla T, Diaz E, Jafri N, Cummings M, Sfera A. The Post-amyloid Era in Alzheimer's Disease: Trust Your Gut Feeling. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:143. [PMID: 31297054 PMCID: PMC6608545 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis, the assumption that beta-amyloid toxicity is the primary cause of neuronal and synaptic loss, has been the mainstream research concept in Alzheimer's disease for the past two decades. Currently, this model is quietly being replaced by a more holistic, “systemic disease” paradigm which, like the aging process, affects multiple body tissues and organs, including the gut microbiota. It is well-established that inflammation is a hallmark of cellular senescence; however, the infection-senescence link has been less explored. Microbiota-induced senescence is a gradually emerging concept promoted by the discovery of pathogens and their products in Alzheimer's disease brains associated with senescent neurons, glia, and endothelial cells. Infectious agents have previously been associated with Alzheimer's disease, but the cause vs. effect issue could not be resolved. A recent study may have settled this debate as it shows that gingipain, a Porphyromonas gingivalis toxin, can be detected not only in Alzheimer's disease but also in the brains of older individuals deceased prior to developing the illness. In this review, we take the position that gut and other microbes from the body periphery reach the brain by triggering intestinal and blood-brain barrier senescence and disruption. We also surmise that novel Alzheimer's disease findings, including neuronal somatic mosaicism, iron dyshomeostasis, aggressive glial phenotypes, and loss of aerobic glycolysis, can be explained by the infection-senescence model. In addition, we discuss potential cellular senescence targets and therapeutic strategies, including iron chelators, inflammasome inhibitors, senolytic antibiotics, mitophagy inducers, and epigenetic metabolic reprograming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Osorio
- Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Tulasi Kanukuntla
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Eddie Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Nyla Jafri
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Adonis Sfera
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
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Xu J, Zhang J. LncRNA TP73-AS1 is a novel regulator in cervical cancer via miR-329-3p/ARF1 axis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:344-352. [PMID: 31232491 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer holds one of the highest morbidity and mortality in various types of cancers. It even leads to the most number of cancer-related deaths of women. A lot of research has indicated that the anomalous expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) would induce carcinogenesis and is associated with poor prognosis of patients with cancer. However, the function and mechanism of many lncRNAs still call for further research. Tumor Protein P73 Antisense RNA 1 (TP73-AS1) is no exception. LncRNA TP73-AS1 has been found to promote cancer progressions in various cancers. It is upregulated in cervical cancer cells. The proliferation and migration ability of cervical cancer cells can also be boosted by TP73-AS1 in return. Meanwhile, miRNA-329-3p is downregulated in cervical cancer cells and could bind with both TP73-AS1 and ADP Ribosylation Factor 1 (ARF1). TP73-AS1 inhibited miR-329-3p expression while miR-329-3p inhibited ARF1 expression. More importantly, TP73-AS1 can positively regulate ARF1 expression. Based on all these experiments, TP73-AS1 regulates ARF1 expression by competitively binding with miR-329-3p, thus regulating cervical cancer progression. Further rescue assays confirmed TP73-AS1 regulates cervical cell proliferation and migration via miR-329-3p/ARF1. TP73-AS1 might serve as a novel regulator in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingning Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinmei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang'an District Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Weinberger M, Lesser D. Diffuse panbronchiolitis: A progressive fatal lung disease that is curable with azithromycin, but only if diagnosed! Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:457-462. [PMID: 30609307 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is a rare progressive and eventually fatal pulmonary disease first identified in Japan and initially seen predominantly in Southeast Asia. Macrolide antibiotics rapidly reverse symptoms and pathology, and their use increased the 5 and 10-year survival from 50 and 30 percent, respectively, to over 90%. Review of 181 case reports from previous publications found patients with DPB commonly had their pulmonary symptoms preceded by rhinosinusitis, frequently by many years. Long delays in diagnosis for many years were common. The review further identified DPB in all ethnic groups and multiple areas outside of Southeast Asia. Although diagnosis was most commonly made in adults, 13% of the diagnoses were made in children and nine of the adult cases described onset in childhood. Few cases of relapse were reported, but extended periods of monitoring after treatment were not generally present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Weinberger
- Visiting Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California
| | - Daniel Lesser
- Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California
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Pfalzgraff A, Weindl G. Intracellular Lipopolysaccharide Sensing as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Sepsis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:187-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhang Y, Chen W, Pan T, Wang H, Zhang Y, Li C. LBX2-AS1 is activated by ZEB1 and promotes the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by interacting with HNRNPC to enhance the stability of ZEB1 and ZEB2 mRNAs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:566-572. [PMID: 30824187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of transcripts, which can regulate the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). According to the data of TCGA, Ladybird homeobox 2 antisense RNA 1 (LBX2-AS1) is a highly expressed lncRNA in ESCC samples. Herein, we chose it for further study. Furtherly, dysregulation of LBX2-AS1 was identified in ESCC tissues with metastasis. Loss-of function assays were conducted and revealed that LBX2-AS1 knockdown suppressed ESCC cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) are two EMT-related transcription factors. Since LBX2-AS1 promoted the EMT progress and simultaneously enhanced the level of ZEB1 and ZEB2, we further investigated whether LBX2-AS1 promoted cell migration and EMT in ESCC by regulating ZEB1 and ZEB2. Mechanism investigations revealed that RNA binding protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC) could interact with LBX2-AS1, ZEB1 and ZEB2, simultaneously. The similar function of HNRNPC in regulating migration and EMT process was demonstrated. ZEB1 has been reported as a positive transcriptional regulator of lncRNA. Therefore, further mechanism analysis was made to demonstrate whether ZEB1 could regulate the transcription of LBX2-AS1. Collectively, our data showed that ZEB1-induced upregulation of LBX2-AS1 promoted cell migration and EMT process in ESCC via enhancing the stability of ZEB1 and ZEB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, Gansu, 733000, China
| | - Weizuo Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, Gansu, 733000, China.
| | - Tingting Pan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, Gansu, 733000, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Tumor Chemotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, Gansu, 733000, China
| | - Yinguo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, Gansu, 733000, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Wuwei, Wuwei, Gansu, 733000, China
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Wang Q, Yu MF, Zhang WJ, Liu BB, Zhao QY, Luo X, Xu H, She YS, Zang DA, Qiu JY, Shen J, Peng YB, Zhao P, Xue L, Chen W, Ma LQ, Nie X, Shen C, Chen S, Chen S, Liu Q, Dai J, Qin G, Zheng YM, Wang YX, ZhuGe R, Chen J, Liu QH. Azithromycin inhibits muscarinic 2 receptor-activated and voltage-activated Ca 2+ permeant ion channels and Ca 2+ sensitization, relaxing airway smooth muscle contraction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:329-336. [PMID: 30609110 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Azithromycin (AZM) has been used for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, the effects and underlying mechanisms of AZM remain largely unknown. The effects of AZM on airway smooth muscles (ASMs) and the underlying mechanisms were studied using isometric muscle force measurements, the examination of lung slices, imaging, and patch-clamp techniques. AZM completely inhibited acetylcholine (ACH)-induced precontraction of ASMs in animals (mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits) and humans. Two other macrolide antibiotics, roxithromycin and Klaricid, displayed a decreased inhibitory activity, and the aminoglycoside antibiotics penicillin and streptomycin did not have an inhibitory effect. Precontractions were partially inhibited by nifedipine (selective inhibitor of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (LVDCCs)), Pyr3 (selective inhibitor of TRPC3 and/or STIM/Orai channels, which are nonselective cation channels (NSCCs)), and Y-27632 (selective inhibitor of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)). Moreover, LVDCC- and NSCC-mediated currents were inhibited by AZM, and the latter were suppressed by the muscarinic (M) 2 receptor inhibitor methoctramine. AZM inhibited LVDCC Ca2+ permeant ion channels, M2 receptors, and TRPC3 and/or STIM/Orai, which decreased cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations and led to muscle relaxation. This relaxation was also enhanced by the inhibition of Ca2+ sensitization. Therefore, AZM has potential as a novel and potent bronchodilator. The findings of this study improve the understanding of the effects of AZM on asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Fei Yu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei-Bei Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Yang Zhao
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Shan She
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Dun-An Zang
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Ying Qiu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Shen
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Bo Peng
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Xue
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Qun Ma
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Group, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenyou Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Group, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiapei Dai
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine & School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Ronghua ZhuGe
- Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Group, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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Macrolides in critically ill patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 81:184-190. [PMID: 30690213 PMCID: PMC7110878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
More than one-third of critically ill patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) received empiric therapy with macrolides. Macrolide therapy is not significantly associated with a reduction in 90-day mortality of critically ill patients with MERS-CoV. Macrolide therapy is not significantly associated with improvement in MERS-CoV RNA clearance of critically ill patients with MERS-CoV.
Objectives Macrolides have been reported to be associated with improved outcomes in patients with viral pneumonia related to influenza and other viruses, possibly because of their immune-modulatory effects. Macrolides have frequently been used in patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). This study investigated the association of macrolides with 90-day mortality and MERS coronavirus (CoV) RNA clearance in critically ill patients with MERS. Methods This retrospective analysis of a multicenter cohort database included 14 tertiary-care hospitals in five cities in Saudi Arabia. Multivariate logistic-regression analysis was used to determine the association of macrolide therapy with 90-day mortality, and the Cox-proportional hazard model to determine the association of macrolide therapy with MERS-CoV RNA clearance. Results Of 349 critically ill MERS patients, 136 (39%) received macrolide therapy. Azithromycin was most commonly used (97/136; 71.3%). Macrolide therapy was commonly started before the patient arrived in the intensive care unit (ICU) (51/136; 37.5%), or on day1 in ICU (53/136; 39%). On admission to ICU, the baseline characteristics of patients who received and did not receive macrolides were similar, including demographic data and sequential organ failure assessment score. However, patients who received macrolides were more likely to be admitted with community-acquired MERS (P = 0.02). Macrolide therapy was not independently associated with a significant difference in 90-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] :0.47–1.51; P = 0.56) or MERS-CoV RNA clearance (adjusted HR: 0.88; 95% CI:0.47–1.64; P = 0.68). Conclusions These findings indicate that macrolide therapy is not associated with a reduction in 90-day mortality or improvement in MERS-CoV RNA clearance.
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Ghiasi SM, Dahllöf MS, Osmai Y, Osmai M, Jakobsen KK, Aivazidis A, Tyrberg B, Perruzza L, Prause MCB, Christensen DP, Fog-Tonnesen M, Lundh M, Grassi F, Chatenoud L, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Regulation of the β-cell inflammasome and contribution to stress-induced cellular dysfunction and apoptosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 478:106-114. [PMID: 30121202 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
β-Cells may be a source of IL-1β that is produced as inactive pro-IL-1β and processed into biologically-active IL-1β by enzymatic cleavage mediated by the NLRP1-, NLRP3- and NLRC4-inflammasomes. Little is known about the β-cell inflammasomes. NLRP1-expression was upregulated in islet-cells from T2D-patients and by IL-1β+IFNγ in INS-1 cells in a histone-deacetylase dependent manner. NLRP3 was downregulated by cytokines in INS-1 cells. NLRC4 was barely expressed and not regulated by cytokines. High extracellular K+ reduced cytokine-induced apoptosis and NO production and restored cytokine-inhibited accumulated insulin-secretion. Basal inflammasome expression was JNK1-3 dependent. Knock-down of the ASC interaction domain common for NLRP1 and 3 improved insulin secretion and ameliorated IL-1β and/or glucolipotoxicity-induced cell death and reduced cytokine-induced NO-production. Broad inflammasome-inhibition, but not NLRP3-selective inhibition, protected against IL-1β-induced INS-1 cell-toxicity. We suggest that IL-1β causes β-cell toxicity in part by NLRP1 mediated caspase-1-activation and maturation of IL-1β leading to an autocrine potentiation loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Ghiasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mattias Salling Dahllöf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yama Osmai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mirwais Osmai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Kronberg Jakobsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Aivazidis
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Tyrberg
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Perruzza
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Dan Ploug Christensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Fog-Tonnesen
- Diabetes Biology and Hagedorn Research Institute, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Lundh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Lucienne Chatenoud
- Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Schüller SS, Kramer BW, Villamor E, Spittler A, Berger A, Levy O. Immunomodulation to Prevent or Treat Neonatal Sepsis: Past, Present, and Future. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:199. [PMID: 30073156 PMCID: PMC6060673 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite continued advances in neonatal medicine, sepsis remains a leading cause of death worldwide in neonatal intensive care units. The clinical presentation of sepsis in neonates varies markedly from that in older children and adults, and distinct acute inflammatory responses results in age-specific inflammatory and protective immune response to infection. This review first provides an overview of the neonatal immune system, then covers current mainstream, and experimental preventive and adjuvant therapies in neonatal sepsis. We also discuss how the distinct physiology of the perinatal period shapes early life immune responses and review strategies to reduce neonatal sepsis-related morbidity and mortality. A summary of studies that characterize immune ontogeny and neonatal sepsis is presented, followed by discussion of clinical trials assessing interventions such as breast milk, lactoferrin, probiotics, and pentoxifylline. Finally, we critically appraise future treatment options such as stem cell therapy, other antimicrobial protein and peptides, and targeting of pattern recognition receptors in an effort to prevent and/or treat sepsis in this highly vulnerable neonatal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone S. Schüller
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care & Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Boris W. Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Department of Surgery, Research Labs & Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care & Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
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Scambler T, Holbrook J, Savic S, McDermott MF, Peckham D. Autoinflammatory disease in the lung. Immunology 2018; 154:563-573. [PMID: 29676014 PMCID: PMC6050210 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascertaining the dominant cell type driving an immunological disease is essential to understanding the causal pathology and, therefore, selecting or developing an effective treatment. Classifying immunological diseases in this way has led to successful treatment regimens for many monogenic diseases; however, when the dominant cell type is unclear and there is no obvious causal genetic mutation, then identifying the correct disease classification and appropriate therapy can be challenging. In this review we focus on pulmonary immunological diseases where an innate immune signature has been identified as a predominant aspect of the immunopathology. We describe the molecular pathology of 'autoinflammatory diseases of the lung' and propose that small molecule and biological therapies, including recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, that target key innate immune pathways, are likely be beneficial in the control of pulmonary and systemic inflammation in these conditions. In addition, the successful use of macrolide antibiotics to treat lung infections in these conditions further confirms that the innate immune system is the key conductor of inflammation in these pulmonary diseases, as there is a strong body of evidence that macrolides are able to modulate the NLRP3 inflammasome and interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 secretion, both of which are central players in the innate immune response. Throughout this review we highlight the published evidence of autoinflammatory disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis and rheumatoid lung disease and suggest that the fundamental pathology of these diseases places them towards the autoinflammatory pole of the immunological disease continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scambler
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineSt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
- Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research CentreSt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
| | - Jonathan Holbrook
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineSt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
- Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research CentreSt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesSt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
| | - Sinisa Savic
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineSt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
- Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research CentreSt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
- Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergySt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
| | - Michael F. McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineSt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
- Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research CentreSt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research CentreSt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesSt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
- Leeds Centre for Cystic FibrosisSt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
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Sheikh Z, Ong HX, Pozzoli M, Young PM, Traini D. Is there a role for inhaled anti-inflammatory drugs in cystic fibrosis treatment? Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2018.1409110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zara Sheikh
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michele Pozzoli
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul M Young
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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