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Ravani S, Chatzianastasiou A, Papapetropoulos A. Using mechanism-based combinations of H 2S-donors to maximize the cardioprotective action of H 2S. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1853-1864. [PMID: 37773523 PMCID: PMC10858931 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
H2S-donors are cardioprotective in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Some H2S-donors exert their beneficial effects in a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent manner, while others act using NO-independent pathways. The aims of the present study were to (i) evaluate whether H2S-donors with distinct pharmacodynamic properties act synergistically in I/R injury and (ii) determine if H2S-donors remain cardioprotective in obese mice. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Donors were administered intravenously at the end of ischemia (Na2S: 1 μmol/kg, GYY4137: 25 μmol/kg, AP39: 0,25 μmol/kg), while the 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (10 mg/kg) inhibitor was given intraperitonially 1 h prior to ischemia. Infarct size was estimated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium staining, while the area at risk was calculated using Evans blue. All three donors reduced infarct size when administered as a sole treatment. Co-administration of Na2S/GYY4137, as well as Na2S/AP39 reduced further the I/R injury, beyond what was observed with each individual donor. Since inhibition of the H2S-producing enzyme 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase is known to reduce infarct size, we co-administered C3 with Na2S to determine possible additive effects between the two agents. In this case, combination of C3 with Na2S did not yield superior results compared to the individual treatments. Similarly, to what was observed in healthy mice, administration of a H2S-donor (Na2S or AP39) reduced I/R injury in mice rendered obese by consumption of a high fat diet. We conclude that combining a NO-dependent with a NO-independent H2S-donor leads to enhanced cardioprotection and that H2S-donors remain effective in obese animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Ravani
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Chatzianastasiou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Gurevitz C, Assali A, Mohsan J, Gmach SF, Beigel R, Ovdat T, Zwas DR, Kornowski R, Orvin K, Eisen A. The obesity paradox in patients with acute coronary syndromes over 2 decades - the ACSIS registry 2000-2018. Int J Cardiol 2023; 380:48-55. [PMID: 36940822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a worldwide epidemic which is associated with major cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Nevertheless, substantial distant data, mostly published more than a decade ago, have demonstrated an obesity paradox, where obese patients generally have a better short- and long-term prognosis than do their leaner counterparts with the same CV profile. Nonetheless, it is not fully elucidated whether the obesity paradox is still relevant in the contemporary cardiology era among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We aimed to examine temporal trends in the clinical outcomes of ACS patients by their BMI status. METHODS Data from the ACSIS registry including all patients with calculated BMI data between the years 2002-2018. Patients were stratified by BMI groups to underweight, normal, overweight and obese. Clinical endpoints included 30d major cardiovascular events (MACE), and 1-year mortality. Temporal trends were examined in the late (2010-2018) vs. the early period (2002-2008). Multivariable models examined factors associated with clinical outcomes by BMI status. RESULTS Among the 13,816 patients from the ACSIS registry with available BMI data, 104 were underweight, 3921 were normal weight, 6224 were overweight and 3567 were obese. 1-year mortality was highest among underweight patients (24.8%), as compared to normal weight patients (10.7%) and lowest among overweight and obese patients (7.1% and 7.5% respectively; p for trend <0.001). 30-day MACE rates followed a similar pattern (24.3% for underweight, 13.6% for normal weight, 11.6% for overweight, and 11.7% for obese; p for trend<0.001). Comparing the 2 time-periods, 30-day MACE was significantly lower in the late period in all BMI groups, but unchanged in patients who were underweight. Similarly, 1-year mortality has decreased in normal weight and obese patients but remained similarly high in underweight patients. CONCLUSIONS In ACS patients, during 2-decades, 30-day MACE and 1-year mortality were lower among overweight and obese patients compared to underweight and even normal weight patients. Temporal trends revealed that 30-day MACE and 1-year mortality have decreased among all BMI groups other than the underweight ACS patients, among whom the adverse CV rates were consistently high. Our findings suggest that the obesity paradox is still relevant in ACS patients in the current cardiology era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gurevitz
- Cardiology division, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Aseel Assali
- Internal medicine division, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Jamil Mohsan
- Cardiology department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | | | - Roy Beigel
- Cardiology department, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Ovdat
- Cardiology department, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Donna R Zwas
- Cardiology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ran Kornowski
- Cardiology division, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Katia Orvin
- Cardiology division, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alon Eisen
- Cardiology division, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Yadin D, Petrover Z, Shainberg A, Alcalai R, Waldman M, Seidman J, Seidman CE, Abraham NG, Hochhauser E, Arad M. Autophagy Guided Interventions to Modify the Cardiac Phenotype of Danon Disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115229. [PMID: 36027926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Danon disease is a lethal X-linked genetic syndrome resulting from radical mutations in the LAMP2 gene. LAMP2 protein deficiency results in defective lysosomal function, autophagy arrest and a multisystem disorder primarily involving the heart, skeletal muscle and the central nervous system. Cardiomyopathy is the main cause of morbidity and mortality. To investigate the mechanisms of and develop therapies for cardiac Danon disease we engineered a mouse model carrying an exon 6 deletion human mutation in LAMP2, which recapitulates the human cardiac disease phenotype. Mice develop cardiac hypertrophy followed by left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction, in association with progressive fibrosis, oxidative stress, accumulation of autophagosomes and activation of proteasome. Stimulation of autophagy in Danon mice (by exercise training, caloric restriction, and rapamycin) aggravate the disease phenotype by promoting dilated cardiomyopathy. Inhibiting autophagy (by high fat diet or hydroxychloroquine) is better tolerated by Danon mice compared to wild type but is not curative. Inhibiting proteasome by Velcade was found to be highly toxic to Danon mice, suggesting that proteasome is activated to compensate for defective autophagy. In conclusion, activation of autophagy should be avoided in Danon patients. Since Danon's is a lifelong disease, we suggest that lifestyle interventions to decrease cardiac stress may be useful to slow progression of Danon's cardiomyopathy. While Danon mice better tolerate high fat diet and sedentary lifestyle, the benefit regarding cardiomyopathy in humans needs to be balanced against other health consequences of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dor Yadin
- Felsenstein Research Center and the Department of Cardiothoracic, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel; Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Zachary Petrover
- Felsenstein Research Center and the Department of Cardiothoracic, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel; Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Ronny Alcalai
- Heart Institute, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. 5. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maayan Waldman
- Felsenstein Research Center and the Department of Cardiothoracic, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Jon Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Edith Hochhauser
- Felsenstein Research Center and the Department of Cardiothoracic, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Michael Arad
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
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Kim ST, Helmers MR, Iyengar A, Han JJ, Patrick WL, Weingarten N, Herbst DA, Atluri P. Interaction between donor obesity and prolonged donor ischemic time in heart transplantation. J Cardiol 2022; 80:351-357. [PMID: 35835640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of donor obesity on outcomes following heart transplantation in the setting of routine (<4 h) and prolonged (≥4 h) organ ischemic times. METHODS Retrospective review of the 2000-2020 United Network for Organ Sharing Database was performed to identify adult heart transplant recipients and donors. Nearest-neighbor propensity score matching by donor obesity was performed separately among routine and prolonged cohorts, with Kaplan-Meier survival estimates used to assess survival at 5 years following transplantation. RESULTS A total of 43,304 heart transplant recipients were included in analysis, with 15,925 (36.8 %) receiving obese donor hearts. After propensity-score matching, 30-day mortality and 5-year survival following transplantation were not statistically different between recipients of obese and non-obese donor hearts when organ ischemic times were routine. In the setting of prolonged organ ischemic times, those receiving obese donor hearts experienced lower 30-day mortality (5.1 % vs 6.7 %, p = 0.04) and improved 5-year survival (74.9 % vs 71.2 %, p < 0.01) compared to non-obese donor hearts. CONCLUSIONS Recipients of obese donor hearts experienced improved outcomes compared to those receiving non-obese donor hearts when organ ischemic times exceeded 4 h. These findings suggest that the detrimental impact of prolonged organ ischemic time may be attenuated by donor obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Kim
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark R Helmers
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amit Iyengar
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason J Han
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William L Patrick
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Noah Weingarten
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Alan Herbst
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pavan Atluri
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Tsai CT, Huang WC, Lu YW, Teng HI, Huang SS, Tsai YL, Lee WL, Lu TM. Obesity paradox in patients with chronic total occlusion of coronary artery. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13698. [PMID: 34687216 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome which increases further risk of coronary artery disease and adverse cardiovascular events. Impact of body mass index (BMI) on long-term outcome in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) is less clear. METHOD AND RESULTS From January 2005 to November 2020, a total of 1301 patients with coronary angiographic confirmed CTO were enrolled in our study. Patients were divided into two groups: low BMI group: 18-24.99 kg/m2 and high BMI group ≥25 kg/m2 . Clinical outcomes were 3-year all-cause mortality, 3-year cardiovascular mortality and 3-year non-fatal myocardial infarct. During the 3-year follow-up period, all-cause mortality was significantly higher in patients with low BMI group compared to those in high BMI groups (14% vs. 6%, p = .0001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed patients with high BMI groups had significant better survival compared with those in low BMI group (p = .0001). In multivariate analysis, higher BMI was independently associated with decreased risk of 3-year all-cause mortality (Hazard ratio [HR]: 0.534; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.349-0.819, p = .004) after controlling for age, renal function, prior history of stroke, coronary artery bypass graft, co-morbidities with peripheral arterial disease, heart failure and revascularization status for CTO. In propensity-matched multivariate analysis, high BMI remained a significant predictor of 3-year all-cause mortality (HR, 0.525; 95% CI, 0.346-0.795, p = .002). CONCLUSION Higher BMI was associated with better long-term outcome in patients with coronary CTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Tsai Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Interventional Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Teng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Sung Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lieng Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Interventional Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Min Lu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Smit SE, Manirafasha C, Marais E, Johnson R, Huisamen B. Cardioprotective Function of Green Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) Extract Supplementation in Ex Vivo Ischemic Prediabetic Rat Hearts. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:62-78. [PMID: 33285593 DOI: 10.1055/a-1239-9236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic patients develop ischemic heart disease and strokes more readily. Following an ischemic event, restoration of blood flow increases oxidative stress resulting in myocardial damage, termed ischemia/reperfusion injury. Aspalathus linearis (rooibos), rich in the antioxidant phenolic compound aspalathin, has been implicated as cardioprotective against ischemia/reperfusion injury with undefined mechanism in control rats. Primarily, the therapeutic potential of Afriplex green rooibos extract to prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury in cardiovascular disease-compromised rats was investigated. Additionally, Afriplex Green rooibos extract's cardioprotective signaling on metabolic markers and stress markers was determined using western blotting. Three hundred male Wistar rats received either 16-wk standard diet or high-caloric diet. During the final 6 wk, half received 60 mg/kg/day Afriplex green rooibos extract, containing 12.48% aspalathin. High-caloric diet increased body weight, body fat, fasting serum triglycerides, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance - indicative of prediabetes. High-caloric diet rats had increased heart mass, infarct size, and decreased heart function. Afriplex green rooibos extract treatment for 6 wk lowered pre-ischemic heart rate, reduced infarct size, and improved heart function pre- and post-ischemia, without significantly affecting biometric parameters. Stabilized high-caloric diet hearts had decreased insulin independence via adenosine monophosphate activated kinase and increased inflammation (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase), whereas Afriplex green rooibos extract treatment decreased insulin dependence (protein kinase B) and conferred anti-inflammatory effect. After 20 min ischemia, high-caloric diet hearts had upregulated ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase decreased insulin independence, and downregulated insulin dependence and glycogen synthase kinase 3 β inhibition. In contrast, Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation downregulated insulin independence and inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2. During reperfusion, all protective signaling was decreased in high-caloric diet, while Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation reduced oxidative stress (c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1 and 2) and inflammation. Taken together, Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation for 6 wk preconditioned cardiovascular disease-compromised rat hearts against ischemia/reperfusion injury by lowering inflammation, oxidative stress, and heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybrand Engelbrecht Smit
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Claudine Manirafasha
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Erna Marais
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Barbara Huisamen
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Republic of South Africa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Republic of South Africa
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Ma Z, Li S, Lin X. Body mass index, blood glucose, and mortality in patients with ischemic stroke in the intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:946397. [PMID: 36340767 PMCID: PMC9629862 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.946397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive BMI was associated with lower mortality after stroke. However, some believed that excessive BMI can lead to a poor prognosis because of some physiological mechanism, such as glucose metabolism disorder. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the association between mortality, BMI, and blood glucose. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective observational study and all data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database. The exposure was BMI classified into the normal weight group and the excessive weight group. The outcome concluded 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year mortality. The association between two groups and mortality was elucidated by Cox regression models, propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). The underlying effect of blood glucose on the "obesity paradox" was analyzed by causal mediation analysis. RESULTS According to Cox regression models, a significant beneficial effect of excessive BMI in terms of mortality was observed: 30-day mortality (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35-0.90, P = 0.017), 90-day mortality (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.36-0.78, P = 0.001), and 1-year mortality (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46-0.91, P = 0.013). After PSM and IPTW, we got a similar conclusion. The causal mediation analysis showed that the protective effect of excessive BMI on 30-day mortality reduced with the increase of blood glucose. CONCLUSION For ischemic stroke patients in the Intensive Care Unit, those with excessive BMI are associated with both lower short-term mortality and lower long-term mortality, while the protective effect on 30-day mortality weakened accompanied by the increase of blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisheng Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Xinjiang Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Prem PN, Kurian GA. High-Fat Diet Increased Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat. Front Physiol 2021; 12:715693. [PMID: 34539439 PMCID: PMC8446506 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.715693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is one of the major causes of acute kidney injury influenced by the ischemic duration and the presence of comorbidities. Studies have reported that high-fat diet consumption can induce renal lipotoxicity and metabolic dyshomeostasis that can compromise the vital functions of kidney. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a high-fat diet in the recovery of renal tissue from IR and explored the cellular pathology. In this study, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: normal diet (ND; n = 12) and high-fat diet (HD; n = 12), which were further subdivided into sham and IR groups at the end of the dietary regimen. The high-fat diet was introduced in 4-week-old rats and continued for 16 weeks. IR was induced by bilateral clamping of the renal peduncle for 45 min, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Blood chemistry, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress analysis were carried out to study the pathological changes. The rats fed with HD showed a decreased eGFR and elevated plasma creatinine, thereby compromised kidney function. Subcellular level changes in HD rats are deceased mitochondrial copy number, low PGC-1α gene expression, and declined electron transport chain (ETC) enzymes and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level. Upon IR induction, HD rats exhibited severely impaired renal function (eGFR-0.09 ml/min) and elevated injury markers compared with ND rats. A histological analysis displayed increased tubular necrosis and cast formation in HD-IR in comparison to ND-IR. The oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were more prominent in HD-IR. In vitro protein translation assessment revealed impaired translational capacity in HD-IR mitochondria, which suggests mitochondrial changes with diet that may adversely affect the outcome of IR injury. High-fat diet consumption alters the normal renal function by modifying the cellular mitochondria. The renal changes compromise the ability of the kidney to recover from ischemia during reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka N Prem
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India.,Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India.,Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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Wu SW, Peng CK, Wu SY, Wang Y, Yang SS, Tang SE, Huang KL. Obesity Attenuates Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury by Modulating the STAT3-SOCS3 Pathway. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720844. [PMID: 34489970 PMCID: PMC8417798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is characterized by vascular barrier dysfunction and suppression of alveolar fluid clearance (AFC). Obesity itself leads to chronic inflammation, which may initiate an injurious cascade to the lungs and simultaneously induce a protective feedback. In this study, we investigated the protective mechanism of obesity on VILI in a mouse model. Methods The VILI model was set up via 6-h mechanical ventilation with a high tidal volume. Parameters including lung injury score, STAT3/NFκB pathway, and AFC were assessed. Mice with diet-induced obesity were obtained by allowing free access to a high-fat diet since the age of 3 weeks. After a 9-week diet intervention, these mice were sacrificed at the age of 12 weeks. The manipulation of SOCS3 protein was achieved by siRNA knockdown and pharmaceutical stimulation using hesperetin. WNK4 knockin and knockout obese mice were used to clarify the pathway of AFC modulation. Results Obesity itself attenuated VILI. Knockdown of SOCS3 in obese mice offset the protection against VILI afforded by obesity. Hesperetin stimulated SOCS3 upregulation in nonobese mice and provided protection against VILI. In obese mice, the WNK4 axis was upregulated at the baseline, but was significantly attenuated after VILI compared with nonobese mice. At the baseline, the manipulation of SOCS3 by siRNA and hesperetin also led to the corresponding alteration of WNK4, albeit to a lesser extent. After VILI, WNK4 expression correlated with STAT3/NFκB activation, regardless of SOCS3 status. Obese mice carrying WNK4 knockout had VILI with a severity similar to that of wild-type obese mice. The severity of VILI in WNK4-knockin obese mice was counteracted by obesity, similar to that of wild-type nonobese mice only. Conclusions Obesity protects lungs from VILI by upregulating SOCS3, thus suppressing the STAT3/NFκB inflammatory pathway and enhancing WNK4-related AFC. However, WNK4 activation is mainly from direct NFκB downstreaming, and less from SOCS3 upregulation. Moreover, JAK2–STAT3/NFκB signaling predominates the pathogenesis of VILI. Nevertheless, the interaction between SOCS3 and WNK4 in modulating VILI in obesity warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kan Peng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Wu
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Sen Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-En Tang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lun Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Crewe C, Funcke JB, Li S, Joffin N, Gliniak CM, Ghaben AL, An YA, Sadek HA, Gordillo R, Akgul Y, Chen S, Samovski D, Fischer-Posovszky P, Kusminski CM, Klein S, Scherer PE. Extracellular vesicle-based interorgan transport of mitochondria from energetically stressed adipocytes. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1853-1868.e11. [PMID: 34418352 PMCID: PMC8429176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes undergo intense energetic stress in obesity resulting in loss of mitochondrial mass and function. We have found that adipocytes respond to mitochondrial stress by rapidly and robustly releasing small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). These sEVs contain respiration-competent, but oxidatively damaged mitochondrial particles, which enter circulation and are taken up by cardiomyocytes, where they trigger a burst of ROS. The result is compensatory antioxidant signaling in the heart that protects cardiomyocytes from acute oxidative stress, consistent with a preconditioning paradigm. As such, a single injection of sEVs from energetically stressed adipocytes limits cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. This study provides the first description of functional mitochondrial transfer between tissues and the first vertebrate example of "inter-organ mitohormesis." Thus, these seemingly toxic adipocyte sEVs may provide a physiological avenue of potent cardio-protection against the inevitable lipotoxic or ischemic stresses elicited by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair Crewe
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shujuan Li
- Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nolwenn Joffin
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christy M Gliniak
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexandra L Ghaben
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hesham A Sadek
- Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yucel Akgul
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dmitri Samovski
- Center for Human Nutrition and the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition and the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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11
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Dhanabalan K, Mzezewa S, Huisamen B, Lochner A. Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Function and Mitophagy in Ischaemic/Reperfused Hearts from Control and High-Fat Diet Rats: Effects of Long-Term Melatonin Treatment. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 34:799-811. [PMID: 32458321 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-06997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress causes mitochondrial dysfunction in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) as well as in obesity. Mitochondrial depolarization triggers mitophagy to degrade damaged mitochondria, a process important for quality control. The aims of this study were to evaluate (i) the effect of I/R on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and its temporal relationship with mitophagy in hearts from obese rats and their age-matched controls, and (ii) the role of oxidative stress in these processes using melatonin, a free radical scavenger. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control (normal diet ± melatonin) and high-fat sucrose diet (HFSD ± melatonin). Rats received melatonin orally (10 mg/kg/day). After 16 weeks, hearts were removed and subjected to 40-min stabilization, and 25-min global ischaemia/10-min reperfusion for preparation of mitochondria. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was measured polarographically. Western blotting was used for evaluation of PINK1, Parkin, p62/SQSTM1 (p62) and TOM 70. Infarct size was measured using tetrazolium staining. RESULTS Ischaemia and reperfusion respectively reduced and increased mitochondrial QO2 (state 3) and the ox-phos rate in both control and HFSD mitochondria, showing no major changes between the groups, while melatonin pretreatment had little effect. p62 as indicator of mitophagic flux showed up- and downregulation of mitophagy by ischaemia and reperfusion respectively, with melatonin having no significant effect. Melatonin treatment caused a significant reduction in infarct size in hearts from both control and diet groups. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that I/R (i) affects mitochondria from control and HFSD hearts similarly and (ii) melatonin-induced cardioprotection is not associated with reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction or changes in the PINK1/Parkin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Dhanabalan
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Sibonginkosi Mzezewa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Barbara Huisamen
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Amanda Lochner
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
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12
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Ratwatte S, Hyun K, D'Souza M, Barraclough J, Chew DP, Shetty P, Patel S, Amos D, Brieger D. Relation of Body Mass Index to Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2021; 138:11-19. [PMID: 33058799 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the association of BMI with all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in a contemporary acute coronary syndrome cohort. Patients from the Australian Cooperative National Registry of Acute Coronary Care, Guideline Adherence and Clinical Events and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events between 2009 and 2019, were divided into BMI subgroups (underweight: <18.5, healthy: 18.5 to 24.9, overweight: 25 to 29.9, obese: 30 to 39.9, extremely obese: >40). Logistic regression was used to determine the association between BMI group and outcomes of all cause and CV death in hospital, and at 6 months. 8,503 patients were identified, mean age 64 ± 13, 72% male. The BMI breakdown was: underweight- 95, healthy- 2,140, overweight- 3,258, obese- 2,653, extremely obese- 357. Obese patients were younger (66 ± 12 vs 67 ± 13), with more hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia vs healthy (all p < 0.05). Obese had lower hospital mortality than healthy: all-cause: 1% versus 4%, aOR (95% CI): 0.49(0.27, 0.87); CV: 1% versus 3%, 0.51(0.27, 0.96). At 6-month underweight had higher mortality than healthy: all-cause: 11% versus 4%, 2.69(1.26, 5.76); CV: 7% versus 1%, 3.54(1.19, 10.54); whereas obese had lower mortality: all-cause: 1% versus 4%, 0.48(0.29, 0.77); CV: 0.4% versus 1%, 0.42(0.19, 0.93). When BMI was plotted as a continuous variable against outcome a U-shaped relationship was demonstrated, with highest event rates in the most obese (>60). In conclusion, BMI is associated with mortality following an acute coronary syndrome. Obese patients had the best outcomes, suggesting persistence of the obesity paradox. However, there was a threshold effect, and favorable outcomes did not extend to the most obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seshika Ratwatte
- Department of Cardiology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Australia
| | - Karice Hyun
- ANZAC Research Institute, NSW, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mario D'Souza
- University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Clinical Research Centre, Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Derek P Chew
- Department of Cardiology, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Pratap Shetty
- Department of Cardiology Wollongong Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Department of Cardiology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - David Amos
- Department of Cardiology, Orange Base Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - David Brieger
- Department of Cardiology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Australia.
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13
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Martins Matias A, Murucci Coelho P, Bermond Marques V, dos Santos L, Monteiro de Assis ALE, Valentim Nogueira B, Lima-Leopoldo AP, Soares Leopoldo A. Hypercaloric diet models do not develop heart failure, but the excess sucrose promotes contractility dysfunction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228860. [PMID: 32032383 PMCID: PMC7006916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Several diseases are associated with excess of adipose tissue, and obesity is considered an independent risk factor for the development of cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Dietary aspects have been studied to elucidate the mechanisms involved in these processes. Thus, the purpose was the development and characterization of an obesity experimental model from hypercaloric diets, which resulted in cardiac remodeling and predisposition to heart failure. Thirty- day-old male Wistar rats (n = 52) were randomized into four groups: control (C), high sucrose (HS), high-fat (HF) and high-fat and sucrose (HFHS) for 20 weeks. General characteristics, comorbidities, weights of the heart, left (LV) and right ventricles, atrium, and relationships with the tibia length were evaluated. The LV myocyte cross sectional area and fraction of interstitial collagen were assayed. Cardiac function was determined by hemodynamic analysis and the contractility by cardiomyocyte contractile function. Heart failure was analyzed by pulmonary congestion, right ventricular hypertrophy, and hemodynamic parameters. HF and HFHS models led to obesity by increase in adiposity index (C = 8.3 ± 0.2% vs. HF = 10.9 ± 0.5%, HFHS = 10.2 ± 0.3%). There was no change in the morphological parameters and heart failure signals. HF and HFHS caused a reduction in times to 50% relaxation without cardiomyocyte contractile damage. The HS model presented cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction visualized by lower shortening (C: 8.34 ± 0.32% vs. HS: 6.91 ± 0.28), as well as the Ca2+ transient amplitude was also increased when compared to HFHS. In conclusion, the experimental diets based on high amounts of sugar, lard or a combination of both did not promote cardiac remodeling with predisposition to heart failure under conditions of obesity or excess sucrose. Nevertheless, excess sucrose causes cardiomyocyte contractility dysfunction associated with alterations in the myocyte sensitivity to intracellular Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Martins Matias
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Murucci Coelho
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Bermond Marques
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo dos Santos
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Breno Valentim Nogueira
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Department of Sports, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - André Soares Leopoldo
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Department of Sports, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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14
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Borshchev YY, Minasian SM, Burovenko IY, Borshchev VY, Protsak ES, Semenova NY, Borshcheva OV, Galagudza MM. Effects of tetracycline on myocardial infarct size in obese rats with chemically-induced colitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225185. [PMID: 31714931 PMCID: PMC6850547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence suggests that antibiotic-induced changes in the composition of intestinal microflora, as well as the systemic immunoendocrine effects that result from them, can modulate myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tetracycline (TTC) on myocardial infarct size in the isolated hearts obtained from obese rats with chemically-induced colitis (CIC). The association between TTC-induced changes in infarct size and intestinal microbiome composition as well as plasma levels of cytokines and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was also studied. Methods Obesity was induced in Wistar rats by feeding them a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for five weeks. A single rectal administration of 3% acetic acid (2 mL) to the rats resulted in CIC. Healthy rats as well as obese rats with CIC received TTC (15 mg daily for 3 days) via gavage. The rats were euthanized, after which isolated heart perfusion with simulated global ischemia and reperfusion was performed. Infarct size was determined histochemically. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokine levels in plasma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas SCFA levels in plasma were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The intestinal microbiome was analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results The treatment with TTC resulted in significant infarct size limitation (50 ± 7 vs. 62 ± 4% for the control mice, p < 0.05) in the hearts from intact animals. However, infarct size was not different between the control rats and the obese rats with CIC. Furthermore, infarct size was significantly larger in TTC-treated obese rats with CIC than it was in the control animals (77 ± 5%, p < 0.05). The concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and LPS in serum were elevated in the obese rats with CIC. Compared to the control rats, the rats with both obesity and CIC had lower counts of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. but higher counts of Escherichia coli. The effects of TTC on infarct size were not associated with specific changes in SCFA levels. Conclusions TTC reduced infarct size in the healthy rats. However, this effect was reversed in the obese animals with CIC. Additionally, it was associated with specific changes in gut microbiota and significantly elevated levels of cytokines and LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Yu Borshchev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Scientific Research Center “Probiocode SP”, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sarkis M. Minasian
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Department of Pathophysiology, Saint Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Inessa Yu Burovenko
- Scientific Research Center “Probiocode SP”, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Physiology and Sanocreatology, Shevchenko Transnistria State University, Tiraspol, Republic of Moldova
| | - Victor Yu Borshchev
- Department of Microelectronics and Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Egor S. Protsak
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Department of Pathophysiology, Saint Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Yu Semenova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V. Borshcheva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Scientific Research Center “Probiocode SP”, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael M. Galagudza
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Department of Pathophysiology, Saint Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- * E-mail:
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15
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Biswas S, Andrianopoulos N, Dinh D, Duffy SJ, Lefkovits J, Brennan A, Noaman S, Ajani A, Clark DJ, Freeman M, Oqueli E, Hiew C, Reid CM, Stub D, Chan W. Association of Body Mass Index and Extreme Obesity With Long-Term Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012860. [PMID: 31648578 PMCID: PMC6898845 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported a protective effect of obesity compared with normal body mass index (BMI) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, it is unclear whether this effect extends to the extremely obese. In this large multicenter registry‐based study, we sought to examine the relationship between BMI and long‐term clinical outcomes following PCI, and in particular to evaluate the association between extreme obesity and long‐term survival after PCI. Methods and Results This cohort study included 25 413 patients who underwent PCI between January 1, 2005 and June 30, 2017, who were prospectively enrolled in the Melbourne Interventional Group registry. Patients were stratified by World Health Organization–defined BMI categories. The primary end point was National Death Index–linked mortality. The median length of follow‐up was 4.4 years (interquartile range 2.0‐7.6 years). Of the study cohort, 24.8% had normal BMI (18.5‐24.9 kg/m2), and 3.3% were extremely obese (BMI ≥40 kg/m2). Patients with greater degrees of obesity were younger and included a higher proportion of diabetics (P<0.001). After adjustment for age and comorbidities, a J‐shaped association was observed between different BMI categories and adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for long‐term mortality (normal BMI, HR 1.00 [ref]; overweight, HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.78‐0.93, P<0.001; mild obesity, HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76‐0.94, P=0.002; moderate obesity, HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.80‐1.12, P=0.54; extreme obesity HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.07‐1.65, P=0.01). Conclusions An obesity paradox is still apparent in contemporary practice, with elevated BMI up to 35 kg/m2 associated with reduced long‐term mortality after PCI. However, this protective effect appears not to extend to patients with extreme obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinjini Biswas
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Department of CardiologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneAustralia
| | - Nick Andrianopoulos
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Diem Dinh
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Stephen J. Duffy
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Department of CardiologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneAustralia
| | - Jeffrey Lefkovits
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Department of CardiologyRoyal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneAustralia
| | - Angela Brennan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Samer Noaman
- Department of CardiologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Andrew Ajani
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Department of CardiologyRoyal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | | | | | - Ernesto Oqueli
- Department of CardiologyBallarat Health ServicesBallaratAustralia
- School of MedicineDeakin UniversityBallaratAustralia
| | - Chin Hiew
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospital GeelongGeelongAustralia
| | - Christopher M. Reid
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- School of Public HealthCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia
| | - Dion Stub
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Department of CardiologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneAustralia
| | - William Chan
- Department of CardiologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneAustralia
- Department of MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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16
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Inserte J, Aluja D, Barba I, Ruiz-Meana M, Miró E, Poncelas M, Vilardosa Ú, Castellano J, Garcia-Dorado D. High-fat diet improves tolerance to myocardial ischemia by delaying normalization of intracellular PH at reperfusion. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:164-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Jansen KM, Moreno S, Garcia-Roves PM, Larsen TS. Dietary Calanus oil recovers metabolic flexibility and rescues postischemic cardiac function in obese female mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H290-H299. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00191.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to find out whether dietary supplementation with Calanus oil (a novel marine oil) or infusion of exenatide (an incretin mimetic) could counteract obesity-induced alterations in myocardial metabolism and improve postischemic recovery of left ventricular (LV) function. Female C57bl/6J mice received high-fat diet (HFD, 45% energy from fat) for 12 wk followed by 8-wk feeding with nonsupplemented HFD, HFD supplemented with 2% Calanus oil, or HFD plus exenatide infusion (10 µg·kg−1·day−1). A lean control group was included, receiving normal chow throughout the whole period. Fatty acid and glucose oxidation was measured in ex vivo perfused hearts during baseline conditions, while LV function was assessed with an intraventricular fluid-filled balloon before and after 20 min of global ischemia. HFD-fed mice receiving Calanus oil or exenatide showed less intra-abdominal fat deposition than mice receiving nonsupplemented HFD. Both treatments prevented the HFD-induced decline in myocardial glucose oxidation. Somewhat surprising, recovery of LV function was apparently better in hearts from mice fed nonsupplemented HFD relative to hearts from mice fed normal chow. More importantly however, postischemic recovery of hearts from mice receiving HFD with Calanus oil was superior to that of mice receiving nonsupplemented HFD and mice receiving HFD with exenatide, as expressed by better pressure development, contractility, and relaxation properties. In summary, dietary Calanus oil and administration of exenatide counteracted obesity-induced derangements of myocardial metabolism. Calanus oil also protected the heart from ischemia, which could have implications for the prevention of obesity-related cardiac disease. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article describes for the first time that dietary supplementation with a low amount (2%) of a novel marine oil (Calanus oil) in mice is able to prevent the overreliance of fatty acid oxidation for energy production during obesity. The same effect was observed with infusion of the incretin mimetic, exanatide. The improvement in myocardial metabolism in Calanus oil-treated mice was accompanied by a significantly better recovery of cardiac performance following ischemia-reperfusion. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/dietary-calanus-oil-energy-metabolism-and-cardiac-function/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M. Jansen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sonia Moreno
- Department Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo M. Garcia-Roves
- Department Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Terje S. Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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18
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Everson F, Genis A, Ogundipe T, De Boever P, Goswami N, Lochner A, Blackhurst D, Strijdom H. Treatment with a fixed dose combination antiretroviral therapy drug containing tenofovir, emtricitabine and efavirenz is associated with cardioprotection in high calorie diet-induced obese rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208537. [PMID: 30517206 PMCID: PMC6281242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-infection, certain antiretroviral drug classes, especially protease inhibitors (PI), and obesity are associated with increased ischaemic heart disease (IHD) risk. However, the effect of PI-free fixed dose combination (FDC) antiretroviral therapy (ART) on hearts exposed to ischaemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) is unknown, particularly in obesity. This is becoming relevant as World Health Organisation guidelines recommend a FDC ART containing (non-) nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (tenofovir (TDF), emtricitabine (FTC) and efavirenz (EFV)) as first-line HIV treatment. Additionally, obesity rates are rising in HIV-infected populations, not only in ART-experienced individuals, but also at the time of ART initiation, which may further increase the risk of IHD. Therefore, we investigated the effects of PI-free FDC ART in myocardial I/R-exposed hearts from obese rats. Obesity was induced in male wistar rats via a 16-week high calorie diet. At week 10, treatment with a FDC ART drug containing TDF/FTC/EFV was initiated. Biometric and metabolic parameters, as well as myocardial functional recovery and infract size (IS), and myocardial signalling proteins following I/R were assessed after 16 weeks. Obese rats presented with increased body and intraperitoneal fat mass, elevated triglyceride and TBARS levels, whilst the hearts responded to I/R with impaired functional performance and increased IS. The FDC ART treatment did not alter biometric and metabolic parameters in obese rats. In a novel finding, ART protected obese hearts against I/R as shown by improved functional performance and smaller IS vs. untreated obese hearts. Cardioprotection was underscored by increased myocardial phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and reduced AMP-kinase levels. In conclusion, these results demonstrate for the first time, that 6-weeks treatment of obese rats with a FDC ART drug specifically containing TDF/FTC/EFV conferred cardioprotection against I/R. The FDC ART-induced cardioprotection was seemingly unrelated to metabolic changes, but rather due to direct cardiac mechanisms including the up-regulation of myocardial eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans Everson
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Amanda Genis
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Temitope Ogundipe
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Patrick De Boever
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Department of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Amanda Lochner
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Dee Blackhurst
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hans Strijdom
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
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19
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Ansari M, Gopalakrishnan S, Kurian GA. Streptozotocin-induced type II diabetic rat administered with nonobesogenic high-fat diet is highly susceptible to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: An insight into the function of mitochondria. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4104-4114. [PMID: 30191974 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Our recent study suggested that ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced oxidative stress was minimal in the rat heart during initial stage of diabetes and the one that progressed to diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), despite having higher infarct and low cardiac performance. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important mediator for adverse outcome in rat heart affected with diabetes, which is also a potential contributor for the cardiac reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVE The current study aims to evaluate the susceptibility of diabetes heart with or without myopathy to I/R injury and its influence on cardiac mitochondrial function. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Wistar rats (3 weeks old) were fed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks followed by diabetes mellitus (DM) induction via streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight) and maintained for further 4 weeks. The animal displayed cardiomyopathy characteristics like hypertrophy, fibrosis, and insulin resistance-termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). To study the specific effect of DCM on I/R, we included diabetic rats without cardiomyopathy. Induction of I/R in different groups suggested higher vulnerability to injury in DCM rat hearts than DM and normal (measured via hemodynamics, triphenyltetrazolium chloride stain, and apoptotic markers). Mitochondrial function at the subpopulation level was evaluated with respect to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, membrane potential, swelling behavior, and oxidative stress, wherein the results confirmed I/R-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Unlike normal heart, DM, and DCM heart challenged to I/R exhibited altered ATP producing capacity among subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondria. CONCLUSION The above results suggest that mitochondrial changes associated with diabetes and cardiomyopathy significantly contribute to the adverse outcome of I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi Ansari
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Gino A Kurian
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
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20
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Shen W, Ma S, Chen W, Qi R. Rosa rugosa flavonoids alleviate myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in mice by suppressing JNK and p38 MAPK. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28597598 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although Rosa rugosa has been applied for preventing coronary artery disease, the pharmacological mechanism is little explored. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of Rosa rugosa flavonoids (RRF) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) were investigated. METHODS Mice were pretreated by intragastric administration of 600 mg/kg RRF for 7 days. Then MIRI was induced by 45 minutes coronary artery ligation and 3 hours reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size (MIS) and histopathology, activities of myocardial enzymes, and effects of RRF on inflammation and apoptosis were evaluated. RESULTS Pretreating the mice with RRF significantly reduced MIS and inhibited activity of plasma myocardial enzymes. Activity of the enzymes associated with anti-oxidation, SOD, and TEAC, and mRNA expression of NOX2 were significantly elevated. RRF pretreatment significantly decreased the translocation of p65 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and reduced the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-1β. RRF pretreatment also significantly prevented the expression of caspase-3 and Bax, and increased the expression of Bcl-2. And RRF inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK. CONCLUSIONS RRF significantly inhibited MIRI through anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis effects, and mechanisms were associated with its inhibition on phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Zhang
- Shihezi University College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, China.,Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Shen
- Shihezi University College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, China.,Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shangzhi Ma
- Shihezi University College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, China.,Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Shihezi University College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, China
| | - Rong Qi
- Shihezi University College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, China.,Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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21
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Holroyd EW, Sirker A, Kwok CS, Kontopantelis E, Ludman PF, De Belder MA, Butler R, Cotton J, Zaman A, Mamas MA. The Relationship of Body Mass Index to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Outcomes: Does the Obesity Paradox Exist in Contemporary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Cohorts? Insights From the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2018; 10:1283-1292. [PMID: 28683933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and clinical outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to determine the relevance of different clinical presentations requiring PCI to this relationship. BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing problem, and studies have reported a protective effect from obesity compared with normal BMI for adverse outcomes after PCI. METHODS Between 2005 and 2013, 345,192 participants were included. Data were obtained from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society registry, and mortality data were obtained through the U.K. Office of National Statistics. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the association between BMI group (<18.5, 18.5 to 24.9, 25 to 30 and >30 kg/m2) and adverse in-hospital outcomes and mortality. RESULTS At 30 days post-PCI, significantly lower mortality was seen in patients with elevated BMIs (odds ratio [OR]: 0.86 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80 to 0.93] 0.90 [95% CI: 0.82 to 0.98] for BMI 25 to 30 and >30 kg/m2, respectively). At 1 year post-PCI, and up to 5 years post-PCI, elevated BMI (either overweight or obese) was an independent predictor of greater survival compared with normal weight (OR: 0.70 [95% CI: 0.67 to 0.73] and 0.73 [95% CI: 0.69 to 0.77], respectively, for 1 year; OR: 0.78 [95% CI: 0.75 to 0.81] and 0.88 [95% CI: 0.84 to 0.92], respectively, for 5 years). Similar reductions in mortality were observed for the analysis according to clinical presentation (stable angina, unstable angina or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction). CONCLUSIONS A paradox regarding the independent association of elevated BMI with reduced mortality after PCI is still evident in contemporary U.K. practice. This is seen in both stable and more acute clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Holroyd
- Academic Department of Cardiology, Royal Stoke Hospital, University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Sirker
- Department of Cardiology, University College London Hospitals and St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chun Shing Kwok
- Academic Department of Cardiology, Royal Stoke Hospital, University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom; Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Applied Clinical Science, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter F Ludman
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A De Belder
- The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Butler
- Academic Department of Cardiology, Royal Stoke Hospital, University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - James Cotton
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart and Lung Centre, The Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Azfar Zaman
- Freeman Hospital and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Academic Department of Cardiology, Royal Stoke Hospital, University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom; Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Applied Clinical Science, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom.
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22
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Won KB, Yoon HJ, Lee SG, Cho YK, Nam CW, Hur SH, Lee SW, Lee PH, Ahn JM, Park DW, Kang SJ, Kim YH, Lee CW, Park SW, Park SJ. Comparison of long-term mortality according to obesity in patients with successful percutaneous chronic total occlusion interventions using drug-eluting stents. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2018; 91:710-716. [PMID: 28976619 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term mortality according to obesity in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions after successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND Despite the potential impact of coronary revascularization and lesion severity on the obesity paradox, the long-term survival according to obesity in CTO patients after successful PCI has been unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Between January 2003 and September 2014, we examined 1,172 consecutive Korean patients with 1,190 CTO lesions who underwent successful drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in two tertiary academic medical centers. The primary and secondary endpoints were all-cause and cardiac death, respectively. Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m2 , based on the criteria for Asians. The median follow-up time was 4.4 years. The prevalence of obesity was 54.4%. During the follow-up periods, the occurrence of all-cause (6.1 vs. 10.7%) and cardiac death (3.8 vs. 6.7%) was lower in obese patients than in non-obese patients (P <0.05, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that obese patients had lower cumulative rates of all-cause and cardiac death than did non-obese patients (log-rank P <0.05, respectively). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that age ≥65 years (hazard ratio [HR], 3.62), diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.94), renal dysfunction (HR, 7.03), systolic heart failure (HR, 2.61), and obesity (HR, 0.58) were associated with all-cause death (P <0.05). Multivariate Cox regression models showed that high BMI was independently associated with the decreased risk of all-cause death. CONCLUSIONS Obese patients appear to have a lower long-term mortality than do non-obese patients in CTO after successful PCI using DES. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bum Won
- Division of cardiology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Division of cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck-Jun Yoon
- Division of cardiology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gon Lee
- Division of cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Kyeong Cho
- Division of cardiology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Wook Nam
- Division of cardiology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Hur
- Division of cardiology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Whan Lee
- Division of cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hyung Lee
- Division of cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Ahn
- Division of cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Woo Park
- Division of cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Kang
- Division of cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hak Kim
- Division of cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Whan Lee
- Division of cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Wook Park
- Division of cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Park
- Division of cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Oi M, Donner D, Peart J, Beck B, Wendt L, Headrick JP, du Toit EF. Pravastatin improves risk factors but not ischaemic tolerance in obese rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 826:148-157. [PMID: 29501869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Statins are effective in management of dyslipidaemia, and a cornerstone of CVD prevention strategies. However, the impacts of their pleiotropic effects on other cardiovascular risk factors and myocardial responses to infarction are not well characterised. We hypothesised that pravastatin treatment in obesity improves lipid profiles, insulin-resistance and myocardial resistance to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Wistar rats were fed a control (C) chow or high carbohydrate and fat diet (HCFD) for 16 weeks with vehicle or pravastatin (prava 7.5 mg/kg/day) treatment for 8 weeks. At 16 weeks HOMAs were performed, blood samples collected and hearts excised for Langendorff perfusions/biochemical analyses. Anti-oxidant activity and proteins regulating mitochondrial fission/fusion and apoptosis were assessed. The HCFD increased body weight (736±15 vs. 655±12 g for C; P<0.001), serum triglycerides (2.91±0.52 vs. 1.64±0.26 mmol/L for C; P<0.001) and insulin-resistance (HOMA- 6.9±0.8 vs. 4.2±0.5 for C; P<0.05) while prava prevented diet induced changes and paradoxically increased lipid peroxidation. The HCFD increased infarct size (34.1±3.1% vs. 18.8±3.0% of AAR for C; P<0.05), which was unchanged by prava in C and HCFD animals. The HCFD decreased cardiac TxR activity and mitochondrial MFN-1 and increased mitochondrial DRP-1 (reducing MFN-1:DRP-1 ratio) and Bax expression, with the latter changes prevented by prava. While unaltered by diet, cytosolic levels of Bax and caspase-3 were reduced by prava in C and HCFD hearts (without changes in cleaved caspase-3). We conclude that obesity, hyper-triglyceridemia and impaired glycemic control in HCFD rats are countered by prava. Despite improved risk factors, prava did not reduce myocardial infarct size, potentially reflecting its complex pleiotropic impacts on cardiac GPX activity and MFN-1, DRP-1, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massa Oi
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Daniel Donner
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Jason Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Belinda Beck
- School of Allied Health Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Lauren Wendt
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Eugene F du Toit
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
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24
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Won KB, Hur SH, Nam CW, Ann SH, Park GM, Lee SG, Kim HE, Cho YK, Yoon HJ, Park HS, Kim H, Han S, Jeong MH, Ahn YK, Rha SW, Kim CJ, Cho MC, Kim HS, Chae SC, Kim KS, Kim YJ, Kim KB, Barter P. Evaluation of the impact of statin therapy on the obesity paradox in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A propensity score matching analysis from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7180. [PMID: 28858077 PMCID: PMC5585471 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of obesity paradox after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been reported under strong recommendation of statin therapy. However, the impact of statin therapy on this paradox has not been investigated. This study investigated the impact of statin therapy on 1-year mortality according to obesity after AMI. A total of 2745 AMI patients were included from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry after 1:4 propensity score matching analysis (n = 549 for nonstatin group and n = 2196 for statin group). Primary and secondary outcomes were all-cause and cardiac death, respectively. During 1-year follow-up, the incidence of all-cause (8.4% vs 3.7%) and cardiac (6.2% vs 2.3%) death was higher in nonstatin group than in statin (P < .001, respectively). In nonstatin group, the incidence of all-cause (7.2% vs 9.0%) and cardiac (5.5% vs 6.5%) death did not differ significantly between obese and nonobese patients. However, in statin group, obese patients had lower 1-year rate of all-cause (1.7% vs 4.8%) and cardiac (1.2% vs 2.9%) death (P < .05, respectively), and lower cumulative rates by Kaplan-Meier analysis of all-cause and cardiac death compared with nonobese patients (log-rank P < .05, respectively). The overall risk of all-cause death was significantly lower in obese than in nonobese patients only in statin group (hazard ratio: 0.35; P = .001). After adjusting for confounding factors, obesity was independently associated with decreased risk of all-cause death in statin group. In conclusion, the greater benefit of statin therapy for survival in obese patients is further confirmation of the obesity paradox after AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bum Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan
| | - Seung-Ho Hur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu
| | - Chang-Wook Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu
| | - Soe Hee Ann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan
| | - Gyung-Min Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan
| | - Sang-Gon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan
| | - Hyo-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu
| | - Yun-Kyeong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu
| | - Hyuck-Jun Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu
| | - Hyoung-Seob Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu
| | - Hyungseop Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu
| | - Seongwook Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu
| | - Myung-Ho Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju
| | - Young-Keun Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju
| | - Seung-Woon Rha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul
| | - Chong-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyunghee University Hospital, Seoul
| | - Myeong-Chan Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul
| | - Shung-Chull Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu
| | - Kee-Sik Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, Daegu
| | - Young-Jo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kwon-Bae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu
| | - Philip Barter
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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25
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Fu Q, Wang Q, Xiang YK. Insulin and β Adrenergic Receptor Signaling: Crosstalk in Heart. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:416-427. [PMID: 28256297 PMCID: PMC5535765 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances show that insulin may affect β adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling in the heart to modulate cardiac function in clinically relevant states, such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF). Conversely, activation of βAR regulates cardiac glucose uptake and promotes insulin resistance (IR) in HF. Here, we discuss the recent characterization of the interaction between the cardiac insulin receptor (InsR) and βAR in the myocardium, in which insulin stimulation crosstalks with cardiac βAR via InsR substrate (IRS)-dependent and G-protein receptor kinase 2 (GRK2)-mediated phosphorylation of β2AR. The insulin-induced phosphorylation promotes β2AR coupling to Gi and expression of phosphodiesterase 4D, which both inhibit cardiac adrenergic signaling and compromise cardiac contractile function. These recent developments could support new approaches for the effective prevention or treatment of obesity- or DM-related HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA.
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26
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Webster I, Smith A, Lochner A, Huisamen B. The Role of MKP-1 in Insulin-Induced Cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2017; 31:247-254. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-017-6731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Webster I, Salie R, Marais E, Fan WJ, Maarman G, Huisamen B, Lochner A. Myocardial susceptibility to ischaemia/reperfusion in obesity: a re-evaluation of the effects of age. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 17:3. [PMID: 28302152 PMCID: PMC5356245 DOI: 10.1186/s12899-017-0030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Reports on the effect of age and obesity on myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and ischaemic preconditioning are contradictory. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the effects of age and diet-induced obesity (DIO) on myocardial I/R injury and preconditioning potential. Methods Four groups of Wistar male rats were used: age-matched controls (AMC) receiving standard rat chow for (i) 16 weeks and (ii) 16 months respectively; DIO rats receiving a sucrose-supplemented diet for (iii) 16 weeks and (iv) 16 months respectively. The ages of groups (i) and (iii) were 22 weeks (“young”) and groups (ii) and (iv) 17 months (“middle-aged”) at time of experimentation. Isolated perfused working hearts were subjected to 35 min regional ischaemia/1 h reperfusion. Endpoints were infarct size (tetrazolium staining) and functional recovery. Hearts were preconditioned by 3 × 5 min ischaemia/5 min reperfusion. Results were processed using GraphPad Prism statistical software. Results Age did not affect baseline heart function before induction of ischaemia and I/R damage as indicated by infarct size and similar values were obtained in hearts from both age groups. Age also had no effect on functional recovery of hearts during reperfusion after regional ischaemia in AMC rats, but cardiac output during reperfusion was better in hearts from middle-aged than young DIO rats. The diet reduced infarct size in hearts from young rats (% of area at risk: AMC: 32.4 ± 3.6; DIO: 20.7 ± 2.9, p < 0.05), with no differences in hearts from middle-aged rats (AMC: 24.6 ± 4.6; DIO: 28.3 ± 13.5, p = NS). Compared to their respective AMC, diet-induced obesity had no significant effect on functional recovery of hearts from both age groups after exposure to regional ischaemia. When exposed to the more severe stress of global ischaemia, the functional recovery potential of middle-aged DIO rats appeared to be impeded compared to hearts of young DIO rats, while age had no effect on the functional recovery of AMC hearts. Preconditioning reduced infarct size in hearts from young control rats and both middle-aged groups, but not from young DIO rats. Age had a significant effect on functional recovery in preconditioning: it was improved in hearts from young control and DIO rats, but depressed in both middle-aged groups. Conclusions The data showed that middle-age and obesity had no effect on baseline myocardial function and did not increase susceptibility to I/R damage upon exposure to regional ischaemia. On the contrary, obesity reduced I/R damage in young rats. Preconditioned aging hearts showed a decreased infarct size, but a reduction in functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Webster
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - R Salie
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - E Marais
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - W-J Fan
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - G Maarman
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - B Huisamen
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Biotechnology and Innovation Platform of the SA Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Lochner
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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Edland F, Wergeland A, Kopperud R, Åsrud KS, Hoivik EA, Witsø SL, Æsøy R, Madsen L, Kristiansen K, Bakke M, Døskeland SO, Jonassen AK. Long-term consumption of an obesogenic high fat diet prior to ischemia-reperfusion mediates cardioprotection via Epac1-dependent signaling. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:87. [PMID: 27933093 PMCID: PMC5127093 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is still considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, although more recent knowledge also suggests obesity to be associated with reduced morbidity and mortality - the "obesity paradox". This study explores if long-term feeding of an obesogenic high fat diet renders the myocardium less susceptible to ischemic-reperfusion induced injury via Epac-dependent signaling. METHODS Wild type (wt), Epac1 (Epac1-/-) and Epac2 (Epac2-/-) deficient mice were fed a high fat (HFD) or normal chow diet (ND) for 33 ± 1 weeks. Six experimental groups were included: (1) control wt ND (wt ND), (2) control wt HFD (wt HFD), (3) Epac1-/- mice on ND (Epac1-/-ND), (4) Epac1-/- mice on HFD (Epac1-/-HFD), (5) Epac2-/- mice on ND (Epac2-/-ND), and (6) Epac2-/- mice on HFD (Epac2-/-HFD). Isolated ex vivo mice hearts were perfused in a constant pressure Langendorff mode, and exposed to 30min of global ischemia (GI) and 60min of reperfusion. Endpoints were infarct size and functional recovery. RESULTS All groups fed a HFD presented with significantly enhanced body weight, visceral fat content and reduced glucose clearance compared to corresponding ND groups. Although the HFD cohorts presented with an overall comparable systemic capability to clear glucose, the Epac1-/- HFD group presented with glucose levels slightly above the human diabetes criteria at the end of the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (ipGTT). Moreover, the HFD significantly reduced infarct size in both wild type (wt HFD 41.3 ± 5.5% vs. wt ND 58.0 ± 9.8%, p < 0.05) and Epac2-/- cohorts (Epac2-/-HFD 34.4 ± 7.2% vs. Epac2-/-ND 56.5 ± 3.8%, p < 0.05). Interestingly, however, the HFD did not reduce infarct size in Epac1-/- deficient mice hearts (Epac1-/-HFD 65.1 ± 5.1% vs. Epac1-/-ND 56.1 ± 3.5%, ns.). CONCLUSION Epac1-dependent signaling is involved in mediating the cardioprotection afforded by long-term feeding of an obesogenic high fat diet in mice hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Edland
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Wergeland
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Kopperud
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - K S Åsrud
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - E A Hoivik
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S L Witsø
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Æsøy
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - L Madsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Kristiansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Bakke
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S O Døskeland
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A K Jonassen
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ; Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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Smith W, Norton GR, Woodiwiss AJ, Lochner A, du Toit EF. Dependence of Cardiac Systolic Function on Elevated Fatty Acid Availability in Obese, Insulin-Resistant Rats. J Card Fail 2016; 22:560-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Guo CX, Jiang X, Zeng XJ, Wang HX, Li HH, Du FH, Chen BX. Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial apoptosis via regulating the ubiquitin proteasome system. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 94:17-26. [PMID: 26878774 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM Apoptosis participated in the pathological process of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Previous studies have reported that endogenous substance sRAGE protect against I/R injury through inhibiting myocardial apoptosis. But the mechanisms are currently unknown. Prior work has demonstrated that ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) dysfunction is closely related to apoptosis. We explored the potential role of UPS in the effect of sRAGE inhibition on I/R-induced myocardial apoptosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult male C57BL mice treated with sRAGE (100μg/day, i.p.) or saline were performed to ligate left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) as an in vivo model. As an in vitro model, primary murine cardiomyocytes pretreated with sRAGE or sRAGE-containing adenovirus were simulated I/R by "ischemia buffer". The TUNEL and caspase-3 activity were assessed. Also the activity and expression of proteasome were detected. sRAGE decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cardiomyocytes and caspase-3 activity, however, the inhibition of sRAGE on I/R-induced apoptosis was abolished by proteasome inhibitor Bortezimb (BTZ). sRAGE inhibited the decreased proteasome activity, also the reduction in protein and gene levels of β1i and β5i following I/R. Suppression of STAT3 blocked the inhibition of sRAGE on apoptosis induced by I/R. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) results confirmed that sRAGE promoted activating STAT3 binding to β1i and β5i promoter. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the inhibition of sRAGE on I/R-induced apoptosis is associated with activation and expression of proteasome, including improved proteasome activity and elevated β1i and β5i expression mediated by STAT3 activation. We predict that sRAGE is a novel intervention to target UPS activation for preventing and treating myocardial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong-Xia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Feng-He Du
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bu-Xing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
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Maladaptive Modulations of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Cardioprotective Pathways Are Involved in Diet-Induced Exacerbation of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:3480637. [PMID: 26788246 PMCID: PMC4691622 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3480637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive fatty acids and sugars intake is known to affect the development of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction. However, the underlying mechanisms are ill defined. Here we investigated the balance between prosurvival and detrimental pathways within the heart of C57Bl/6 male mice fed a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHF) for 12 weeks and exposed to cardiac ex vivo ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Dietary manipulation evokes a maladaptive response in heart mice, as demonstrated by the shift of myosin heavy chain isoform content from α to β, the increased expression of the Nlrp3 inflammasome and markers of oxidative metabolism, and the downregulation of the hypoxia inducible factor- (HIF-)2α and members of the Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinases (RISK) pathway. When exposed to IR, HFHF mice hearts showed greater infarct size and lactic dehydrogenase release in comparison with SD mice. These effects were associated with an exacerbated overexpression of Nlrp3 inflammasome, resulting in marked caspase-1 activation and a compromised activation of the cardioprotective RISK/HIF-2α pathways. The common mechanisms of damage here reported lead to a better understanding of the cross-talk among prosurvival and detrimental pathways leading to the development of cardiovascular disorders associated with metabolic diseases.
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Baranyai T, Nagy CT, Koncsos G, Onódi Z, Károlyi-Szabó M, Makkos A, Varga ZV, Ferdinandy P, Giricz Z. Acute hyperglycemia abolishes cardioprotection by remote ischemic perconditioning. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:151. [PMID: 26581389 PMCID: PMC4652385 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC) has a promising therapeutic insight to improve the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction. Chronic comorbidities such as diabetes are known to interfere with conditioning interventions by modulating cardioprotective signaling pathways, such as e.g., mTOR pathway and autophagy. However, the effect of acute hyperglycemia on RIPerC has not been studied so far. Therefore, here we investigated the effect of acute hyperglycemia on cardioprotection by RIPerC. Methods Wistar rats were divided into normoglycemic (NG) and acute hyperglycemic (AHG) groups. Acute hyperglycemia was induced by glucose infusion to maintain a serum glucose concentration of 15–20 mM throughout the experimental protocol. NG rats received mannitol infusion of an equal osmolarity. Both groups were subdivided into an ischemic (Isch) and a RIPerC group. Each group underwent reversible occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 40 min in the presence or absence of acute hyperglycemia. After the 10-min LAD occlusion, RIPerC was induced by 3 cycles of 5-min unilateral femoral artery and vein occlusion and 5-min reperfusion. After 120 min of reperfusion, infarct size was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. To study underlying signaling mechanisms, hearts were harvested for immunoblotting after 35 min in both the NG and AHG groups. Results Infarct size was significantly reduced by RIPerC in NG, but not in the AHG group (NG + Isch: 46.27 ± 5.31 % vs. NG + RIPerC: 24.65 ± 7.45 %, p < 0.05; AHG + Isch: 54.19 ± 4.07 % vs. 52.76 ± 3.80 %). Acute hyperglycemia per se did not influence infarct size, but significantly increased the incidence and duration of arrhythmias. Acute hyperglycemia activated mechanistic target of rapamycine (mTOR) pathway, as it significantly increased the phosphorylation of mTOR and S6 proteins and the phosphorylation of AKT. In spite of a decreased LC3II/LC3I ratio, other markers of autophagy, such as ATG7, ULK1 phopsphorylation, Beclin 1 and SQSTM1/p62, were not modulated by acute hyperglycemia. Furthermore, acute hyperglycemia significantly elevated nitrative stress in the heart (0.87 ± 0.01 vs. 0.50 ± 0.04 µg 3-nitrotyrosine/mg protein, p < 0.05). Conclusions This is the first demonstration that acute hypreglycemia deteriorates cardioprotection by RIPerC. The mechanism of this phenomenon may involve an acute hyperglycemia-induced increase in nitrative stress and activation of the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Baranyai
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Terézia Nagy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Koncsos
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Zsófia Onódi
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Melinda Károlyi-Szabó
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - András Makkos
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary. .,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary. .,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary.
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Riojas-Hernández A, Bernal-Ramírez J, Rodríguez-Mier D, Morales-Marroquín FE, Domínguez-Barragán EM, Borja-Villa C, Rivera-Álvarez I, García-Rivas G, Altamirano J, García N. Enhanced oxidative stress sensitizes the mitochondrial permeability transition pore to opening in heart from Zucker Fa/fa rats with type 2 diabetes. Life Sci 2015; 141:32-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Comparison of 2-year mortality according to obesity in stabilized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after acute myocardial infarction: results from the DIAMOND prospective cohort registry. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:141. [PMID: 26471283 PMCID: PMC4608118 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the replicated phenomenon of obesity paradox, i.e., obesity appearing to be associated with increased survival, has not been evaluated in stabilized (i.e., without clinical events within 1 month post AMI) Asian patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods Among 1192 patients in the DIabetic Acute Myocardial InfarctiON Disease (DIAMOND) Korean multicenter registry between April 2010 and June 2012, 2-year cardiac and all-cause death were compared according to obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) in 1125 stabilized DM patients. Results Compared with non-obese DM patients (62 % of AMI patients), obese DM patients had: higher incidence of dyslipidemia (31 vs. 24 %, P < 0.01); lower incidence of chronic kidney disease (26 vs. 33 %) (P < 0.01); higher left ventricular ejection fraction after AMI (53 ± 11 vs. 50 ± 12 %, P < 0.001); and lower 2-year cardiac and all-cause death occurrence (0.7 vs. 3.6 % and 1.9 vs. 5.2 %, both P < 0.01) and cumulative incidence in Kaplan–Meier analysis (P < 0.005, respectively). Likewise, both univariate and multivariate Cox hazard regression analyses adjusted for the respective confounders showed that obesity was associated with decreased risk of both cardiac [HR, 0.18 (95 % CI 0.06–0.60), P = 0.005; and 0.24 (0.07–0.78), P = 0.018, respectively] and all-cause death [0.34 (0.16–0.73), P = 0.005; and 0.44 (0.20–0.95), P = 0.038]. Conclusions In a Korean population of stabilized DM patients after AMI, non-obese patients appear to have higher cardiac and all-cause mortality compared with obese patients after adjusting for confounding factors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-015-0305-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zhang Y, Bao M, Dai M, Wang X, He W, Tan T, Lin D, Wang W, Wen Y, Zhang R. Cardiospecific CD36 suppression by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference prevents cardiac hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction in high-fat-diet induced obese mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:69. [PMID: 26036798 PMCID: PMC4464858 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acid (FA) catabolism abnormality has been proved to play an important role in obesity-related cardiomyopathy. We hypothesized that cardiospecific suppression of CD36, the predominant membrane FA transporter, would protect against obesity-related cardiomyopathy. Methods Four-wk-old male C57BL/6 J mice were fed with either high-fat-diet (HFD) or control-normal-diet for 2 wk. Then they were subjected to intramyocardial injection with recombinant lentiviral vectors containing short hairpin RNAs to selectively downregulate the expression of either cardiac CD36 or irrelevant gene by RNA interference. After a 10-wk continuation of the diet, biochemical, functional, morphological, histological, metabolic and molecular profiles were assessed. Results HFD administration elicited obesity, cardiac hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction accompanied with elevated serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, fasting serum glucose (FSG), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride. Additionally, HFD consumption promoted lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the cardiomyocytes. Cardiospecific CD36 inhibition protected against HFD induced cardiac remodeling by decreasing heart/body weight ratio, increasing left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and fractional shortening as well as normalizing LV diameter, without influencing body weight gain. Inhibition of cardiac CD36 also mitigated obesity induced alteration in BUN, creatinine and triglyceride, but had no effect on FSG or TC. Moreover, cardiospecific CD36 deficiency corrected myocardial lipid overaccumulation and intracellular ROS overproduction that were induced by HFD feeding. Conclusions Cardiospecific CD36 inhibition protects against the aggravation of cardiac functional and morphological changes associated with HFD induced obesity. CD36 represents a potential therapeutic target for obesity cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China. .,Central Laboratory of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Mingwei Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Mingyan Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Wenbo He
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Tuantuan Tan
- Department of Ultrasonography, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Dandan Lin
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Ying Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
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Rezende PC, Rahmi RM, Uchida AH, da Costa LMA, Scudeler TL, Garzillo CL, Lima EG, Segre CAW, Girardi P, Takiuti M, Silva MF, Hueb W, Ramires JAF, Kalil Filho R. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and myocardial ischemic preconditioning in symptomatic coronary artery disease patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:66. [PMID: 26025451 PMCID: PMC4451743 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The influence of diabetes mellitus on myocardial ischemic preconditioning is not clearly defined. Experimental studies are conflicting and human studies are scarce and inconclusive. Objectives Identify whether diabetes mellitus intervenes on ischemic preconditioning in symptomatic coronary artery disease patients. Methods Symptomatic multivessel coronary artery disease patients with preserved systolic ventricular function and a positive exercise test underwent two sequential exercise tests to demonstrate ischemic preconditioning. Ischemic parameters were compared among patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ischemic preconditioning was considered present when the time to 1.0 mm ST deviation and rate pressure-product were greater in the second of 2 exercise tests. Sequential exercise tests were analyzed by 2 independent cardiologists. Results Of the 2,140 consecutive coronary artery disease patients screened, 361 met inclusion criteria, and 174 patients (64.2 ± 7.6 years) completed the study protocol. Of these, 86 had the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Among diabetic patients, 62 (72 %) manifested an improvement in ischemic parameters consistent with ischemic preconditioning, whereas among nondiabetic patients, 60 (68 %) manifested ischemic preconditioning (p = 0.62). The analysis of patients who demonstrated ischemic preconditioning showed similar improvement in the time to 1.0 mm ST deviation between diabetic and nondiabetic groups (79.4 ± 47.6 vs 65.5 ± 36.4 s, respectively, p = 0.12). Regarding rate pressure-product, the improvement was greater in diabetic compared to nondiabetic patients (3011 ± 2430 vs 2081 ± 2139 bpm x mmHg, respectively, p = 0.01). Conclusions In this study, diabetes mellitus was not associated with impairment in ischemic preconditioning in symptomatic coronary artery disease patients. Furthermore, diabetic patients experienced an improvement in this significant mechanism of myocardial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Cury Rezende
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Heart Institute (InCor) of the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, AB, Sala 114, 05403-000, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rosa Maria Rahmi
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Heart Institute (InCor) of the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, AB, Sala 114, 05403-000, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Augusto Hiroshi Uchida
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Heart Institute (InCor) of the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, AB, Sala 114, 05403-000, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Menezes Alves da Costa
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Heart Institute (InCor) of the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, AB, Sala 114, 05403-000, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Luis Scudeler
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Heart Institute (InCor) of the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, AB, Sala 114, 05403-000, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cibele Larrosa Garzillo
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Heart Institute (InCor) of the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, AB, Sala 114, 05403-000, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Gomes Lima
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Heart Institute (InCor) of the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, AB, Sala 114, 05403-000, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alexandre Wainrober Segre
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Heart Institute (InCor) of the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, AB, Sala 114, 05403-000, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Priscyla Girardi
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Heart Institute (InCor) of the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, AB, Sala 114, 05403-000, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Myrthes Takiuti
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Heart Institute (InCor) of the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, AB, Sala 114, 05403-000, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcela Francisca Silva
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Heart Institute (InCor) of the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, AB, Sala 114, 05403-000, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Whady Hueb
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Heart Institute (InCor) of the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, AB, Sala 114, 05403-000, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jose Antonio Franchini Ramires
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Heart Institute (InCor) of the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, AB, Sala 114, 05403-000, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Kalil Filho
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Heart Institute (InCor) of the University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, AB, Sala 114, 05403-000, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Obesity induced by high fat diet attenuates postinfarct myocardial remodeling and dysfunction in adult B6D2F1 mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 84:154-61. [PMID: 25953257 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, some studies suggest that among patients with established cardiovascular disease, obesity is associated with better prognosis, a phenomenon described as the obesity paradox. In this study we tested the hypothesis that obesity with hyperinsulinemia and without hyperglycemia attenuates the impact of transient coronary occlusion on left ventricular remodeling and function. B6D2F1 mice from both genders fed with a high fat diet (HFD) or control diet for 6 months were subjected to 45 min of coronary occlusion and 28 days of reperfusion. Left ventricular dimensions and function were assessed by serial echocardiography, and infarct size was determined by Picrosirius red staining. HFD mice developed obesity with hypercholesterolemia and hyperinsulinemia in the absence of hyperglycemia or hypertension. During the period of feeding, no changes were observed in ventricular mass, volume or function, or in vascular reactivity. HFD attenuated the consequences of transient coronary occlusion as shown by a marked reduction in infarct size (51%, P = 0.021) and cardiac dilation, as well as improved left ventricular function as compared to control diet animals. These effects were associated with enhanced reperfusion injury salvage kinases (RISK) pathway function in HFD hearts shown as increased Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that dietary obesity without hyperglycemia or hypertension attenuates the impact of ischemia/reperfusion injury in association with increased insulin signaling and RISK activation. This study provides experimental support to the controversial concept of the obesity paradox in humans.
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Lund J, Hafstad AD, Boardman NT, Rossvoll L, Rolim NP, Ahmed MS, Florholmen G, Attramadal H, Wisløff U, Larsen TS, Aasum E. Exercise training promotes cardioprotection through oxygen-sparing action in high fat-fed mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H823-9. [PMID: 25637547 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00734.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although exercise training has been demonstrated to have beneficial cardiovascular effects in diabetes, the effect of exercise training on hearts from obese/diabetic models is unclear. In the present study, mice were fed a high-fat diet, which led to obesity, reduced aerobic capacity, development of mild diastolic dysfunction, and impaired glucose tolerance. Following 8 wk on high-fat diet, mice were assigned to 5 weekly high-intensity interval training (HIT) sessions (10 × 4 min at 85-90% of maximum oxygen uptake) or remained sedentary for the next 10 constitutive weeks. HIT increased maximum oxygen uptake by 13%, reduced body weight by 16%, and improved systemic glucose homeostasis. Exercise training was found to normalize diastolic function, attenuate diet-induced changes in myocardial substrate utilization, and dampen cardiac reactive oxygen species content and fibrosis. These changes were accompanied by normalization of obesity-related impairment of mechanical efficiency due to a decrease in work-independent myocardial oxygen consumption. Finally, we found HIT to reduce infarct size by 47% in ex vivo hearts subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. This study therefore demonstrated for the first time that exercise training mediates cardioprotection following ischemia in diet-induced obese mice and that this was associated with oxygen-sparing effects. These findings highlight the importance of optimal myocardial energetics during ischemic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lund
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway;
| | - A D Hafstad
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - N T Boardman
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - L Rossvoll
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - N P Rolim
- K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Saint Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; and
| | - M S Ahmed
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Florholmen
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - U Wisløff
- K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Saint Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; and
| | - T S Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - E Aasum
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Hou X, Han J, Yuan C, Ren H, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Xu L, Zheng Q, Chen W. Cardioprotective Effects of Total Flavonoids Extracted from Xinjiang Sprig Rosa rugosa against Acute Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Injury in Isolated Rat Heart. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2015; 16:54-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-015-9308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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