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Angelini G, Russo S, Mingrone G. Incretin hormones, obesity and gut microbiota. Peptides 2024; 178:171216. [PMID: 38636809 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Over the past 40 years, the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically, reaching epidemic proportions. By 2030 the number of people affected by obesity will reach 1.12 billion worldwide. Gastrointestinal hormones, namely incretins, play a vital role in the pathogenesis of obesity and its comorbidities. GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) and GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), which are secreted from the intestine after nutrient intake and stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells, influence lipid metabolism, gastric empting, appetite and body weight. The gut microbiota plays an important role in various metabolic conditions, including obesity and type 2 diabetes and influences host metabolism through the interaction with enteroendocrine cells that modulate incretins secretion. Gut microbiota metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and indole, directly stimulate the release of incretins from colonic enteroendocrine cells influencing host satiety and food intake. Moreover, bariatric surgery and incretin-based therapies are associated with increase gut bacterial richness and diversity. Understanding the role of incretins, gut microbiota, and their metabolites in regulating metabolic processes is crucial to develop effective strategies for the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Russo
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Sato R, von Haehling S. Targeting obesity for therapeutic intervention in heart failure patients. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2024; 22:217-230. [PMID: 38864827 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2024.2363395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a highly heterogeneous syndrome, making it challenging to improve prognosis with pharmacotherapy. Obesity is one of the leading phenotypes of HFpEF, and its prevalence continues to grow worldwide. Consequently, obesity-targeted interventions have attracted attention as a novel treatment strategy for HFpEF. AREAS COVERED The authors review the association between the pathogenesis of obesity and HFpEF and the potential for obesity-targeted pharmacotherapeutic strategies in HFpEF, together with the latest evidence. The literature search was conducted in PubMed up to April 2024. EXPERT OPINION The STEP HFpEF (Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with obesity and HFpEF) and SELECT (Semaglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Outcomes in People with Overweight or Obesity) trials recently demonstrated that the glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, semaglutide, improves various aspects of clinical outcomes in obese HFpEF patients and significantly reduces cardiovascular and heart failure events in non-diabetic obese patients, along with a substantial weight loss. Future clinical trials with other incretin mimetics with more potent weight loss and sub-analyses of the SELECT trial may further emphasize the importance of the obesity phenotype-based approach in the treatment of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sato
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Lower Saxony, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Lower Saxony, Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Larios G, Uribe S, Trincado C, Arancibia-Galilea F, Valderrama P, Espejo JP, Amezquita MV, Barja S. Myocardial function, mechanics and work by echocardiography in adolescents with severe obesity. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2024; 13:e0301. [PMID: 38706533 PMCID: PMC11068145 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Obesity and its metabolic complications can impact the heart's structure and function in childhood, although demonstrating this impact has been challenging. New echocardiographic parameters such as left atrial strain (LAε) and left ventricular strain (LVε), as well as myocardial work (MW), could reveal subclinical alterations in cardiac function. Objective The aim is to evaluate the feasibility of these parameters in adolescents with severe obesity and explore their associations with body fat, metabolic comorbidities, and physical capacity. Methods This is a cross-sectional study in adolescents with obesity who underwent echocardiography with analysis of LAε, LVε and MW using speckle tracking. Feasibility and association with anthropometry, body fat percentage, comorbidities and cardiopulmonary test were analyzed. Results Twenty adolescents were recruited, 13 (65%) were males, median age 14.2 (interquartile range: 12.9-14.9) years old. The median Z-score for BMI (zBMI) was +3.03 (2.87-3.14), 14 (70%) had severe obesity (zBMI ≥+3), 12 (60%) body fat ≥95th percentile, 9 (45%) high blood pressure (HBP) and 8 (40%) metabolic syndrome. The analysis of the echocardiographic parameters was feasible in 95% (LAε) and 100% (LVε and MW). LVε was lower in adolescents with vs. without metabolic syndrome: 17.8% (17.5-19.3%) vs. 19.3% (18.3-20.3%), P = 0.046; and with vs. without HBP 17.8% (17.5-18.6%) vs. 19.7% (18.4-20.3%), P = 0.02. Those with body fat ≥95th percentile had lower LAε and MW parameters, without association with cardiopulmonary test. Conclusion Echocardiographic evaluation of LAε, LVε and MW is feasible in adolescents with severe obesity. A higher proportion of body fat and the presence of comorbidities are associated with alterations in these new echocardiographic functional parameters suggesting myocardial impact of higher metabolic compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Larios
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Sergio Uribe
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University
| | - Claudia Trincado
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | | | - Paulo Valderrama
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Espejo
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - María Virginia Amezquita
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Salesa Barja
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Josefina Martinez Hospital, Santiago, Chile
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Seo J, Kharawala A, Borkowski P, Singh N, Akunor H, Nagraj S, Avgerinos DV, Kokkinidis DG. Obesity and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:169. [PMID: 38921670 PMCID: PMC11203863 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Amidst an aging population and escalating obesity prevalence, elucidating the impact of obesity on transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) outcomes becomes paramount. The so-called "obesity paradox"-a term denoting the counterintuitive association of obesity, typically a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, with improved survival outcomes in TAVR patients relative to their leaner or normal-weight counterparts-merits rigorous examination. This review comprehensively investigates the complex relationship between obesity and the clinical outcomes associated with TAVR, with a specific focus on mortality and periprocedural complications. This study aims to deepen our understanding of obesity's role in TAVR and the underlying mechanisms of the obesity paradox, thereby optimizing management strategies for this patient demographic, tailored to their unique physiological and metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA (P.B.)
| | - Amrin Kharawala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA (P.B.)
| | - Pawel Borkowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA (P.B.)
| | - Nikita Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA (P.B.)
| | - Harriet Akunor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA (P.B.)
| | - Sanjana Nagraj
- Department of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center, The University Hospital for Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | | | - Damianos G. Kokkinidis
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lawrence Memorial Hospital & Northeast Medical Group, Yale New Haven Heath, New London, CT 06614, USA
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Cheang I, Zhu X, Lu X, Shi S, Yue X, Tang Y, Gao Y, Liao S, Yao W, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Xu Y, Li X. Correlation of ventricle epicardial fat volume and triglyceride-glucose index in patients with chronic heart failure. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING 2024; 40:789-799. [PMID: 38212592 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-024-03048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
To explore the association of ventricle epicardial fat volume (EFV) calculated by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and the insulin resistance indicator of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in patients with chronic HF (CHF), this retrospective cohort study included adult CHF patients with confirmed diagnosis of heart failure from January 2018 to December 2020. All patients underwent 3.0T CMR, and EFV were measured under short-axis cine. Spearman correlation, multivariate linear regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were used to analyze their association. There were 516 patients with CHF, of whom 69.8% were male. Median EFV was 57.14mL and mean TyG index was 8.48. Spearman correlation analysis showed that TyG index was significantly correlated with the EFV in CHF patients (r = 0.247, P < 0.001). Further analysis showed that TyG index levels were significantly associated with EFV as both continuous variables (Unstandardized β = 6.556, P < 0.001) and across the increasing quartiles (β = 7.50, 95% CI [1.41, 13.59], P < 0.05). RCS demonstrated there were a positive trend and linear association between EFV and TyG index in CHF patients (P for nonliearity = 0.941). In patients with CHF, the TyG index was positively and linearly associated with the EFV, which supports the metabolic roles of epicardial adipose tissue regarding insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iokfai Cheang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xinyi Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shi Shi
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xin Yue
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yujie Gao
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shengen Liao
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenming Yao
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yanli Zhou
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Yinsu Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Xinli Li
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Obi-Nwosu AL, Nwosu BO, Ezemenahi SI, Obi-Nwosu DI, Nwosu CS, Azudialu BC, Ojiakor CS, Umeh UM, Izuchukwu EC, Ofiaeli CI, Ulochukwu CM. Anthropometric Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life in Obese Patients Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Nnewi, South-East Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study. Niger J Clin Pract 2024; 27:376-382. [PMID: 38528359 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_396_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity as a disorder with excess body fat directly decreases quality of life. While Body Mass Index (BMI) has been used largely in health studies as a measure of obesity, it is largely unable to differentiate between body fat and lean body mass, hence other anthropometric measures can be used to assess body fat. OBJECTIVE To determine the association of anthropometric indicators with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in obese adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of obese adults (BMI ≥30kg/m2) attending the general outpatient clinic was conducted over four months. The quality of life was assessed using the short form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire. The anthropometric indicators used were BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio (WHR), and waist-height ratio (WHtR). RESULTS Physical component summary (PCS) was significantly related to BMI, WHtR, and WC. After adjusting for co-variables (gender, age, occupation, and marital status), they remained significantly associated with PCS. Mental component summary (MCS) was significantly related to BMI, WHtR, and WC. After adjusting for the known determinants of HRQoL, only BMI remained significantly associated with MCS (P = -0.004; r = -0.146). When all the indicators were included in the same regression model, no anthropometric indicator was significantly related to MCS while only WHtR was significantly associated with PCS (P = 0.001; r = -0.465). CONCLUSION HRQoL in obese patients is related to measures of body fat. The physical and mental components of health-related quality of life are correlated differently with the various anthropometric measures of obesity. The WHtR was found to be an independent predictor of the physical component of HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaka L Obi-Nwosu
- Department of Family Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria
| | - Betrand O Nwosu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria
| | - Sylvia I Ezemenahi
- Department of Family Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria
| | - Daniella I Obi-Nwosu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Chinekwu S Nwosu
- Department of Radiology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria
| | - Bede C Azudialu
- Department of Family Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwudi S Ojiakor
- Department of Anaesthesia, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria
| | - Uche M Umeh
- Department of Community Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Emeka C Izuchukwu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria
| | - Chika I Ofiaeli
- Department of Family Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria
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Girona J, Soler O, Samino S, Junza A, Martínez-Micaelo N, García-Altares M, Ràfols P, Esteban Y, Yanes O, Correig X, Masana L, Rodríguez-Calvo R. Lipidomics Reveals Myocardial Lipid Composition in a Murine Model of Insulin Resistance Induced by a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2702. [PMID: 38473949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ectopic fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues is closely related to diabetes-related myocardial dysfunction. Nevertheless, the complete picture of the lipid metabolites involved in the metabolic-related myocardial alterations is not fully characterized. The aim of this study was to characterize the specific lipid profile in hearts in an animal model of obesity/insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The cardiac lipidome profiles were assessed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS-MS and laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) tissue imaging in hearts from C57BL/6J mice fed with an HFD or standard-diet (STD) for 12 weeks. Targeted lipidome analysis identified a total of 63 lipids (i.e., 48 triacylglycerols (TG), 5 diacylglycerols (DG), 1 sphingomyelin (SM), 3 phosphatidylcholines (PC), 1 DihydroPC, and 5 carnitines) modified in hearts from HFD-fed mice compared to animals fed with STD. Whereas most of the TG were up-regulated in hearts from animals fed with an HFD, most of the carnitines were down-regulated, thereby suggesting a reduction in the mitochondrial β-oxidation. Roughly 30% of the identified metabolites were oxidated, pointing to an increase in lipid peroxidation. Cardiac lipidome was associated with a specific biochemical profile and a specific liver TG pattern. Overall, our study reveals a specific cardiac lipid fingerprint associated with metabolic alterations induced by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Girona
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oria Soler
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Samino
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alexandra Junza
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Neus Martínez-Micaelo
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Altares
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pere Ràfols
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yaiza Esteban
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Correig
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís Masana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rodríguez-Calvo
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Lin M, Wu S, Deng X, Chen Y, Tan X. Visceral fat and its dynamic change are associated with renal damage: Evidence from two cohorts. Clin Exp Hypertens 2023; 45:2271187. [PMID: 37871163 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2023.2271187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To evaluate the association of Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) and its dynamic trends with risk of renal damage, and to compare its prediction performance with that of other obesity indices. METHODS AND RESULTS A community-based population with 23 905 participants from Shantou city was included in the cross-sectional analysis. A total of 9,778 individuals from two separated cohort were included in the longitudinal portion. Five patterns of CVAI change were predefined (low-stable, decreasing, moderate, increasing, and persistent-high). Logistic and Cox regressions were used to evaluate the association between CVAI and renal damage. We explored potential mechanisms using the mediating effect method, and the prediction performance was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results from both cross-sectional and longitudinal data revealed a positive and linear association between CVAI and risk of renal damage. Pooled analysis of the two cohorts showed that per unit increase in Z score of CVAI induced 18% increased risk of renal damage (P = .008). Longitudinal trends of CVAI were also associated with renal damage, and the moderate, increasing, and persistent-high patterns showing a higher risk. Blood pressure and glucose had a mediating effect on renal damage induced by CVAI. Among several obesity indices, CVAI was the optimal for predicting renal damage. CONCLUSION A higher level of immediate CVAI and longitudinal increasing and persistent-high patterns of CVAI were independently associated with increased risk of renal damage. Monitoring immediate level and long-term trend of CVAI may contribute to the prevention of renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Lin
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shiwan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiulian Deng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yequn Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xuerui Tan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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9
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Wen R, Huang R, Xu K, Cheng Y, Yi X. Beneficial effects of Apelin-13 on metabolic diseases and exercise. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1285788. [PMID: 38089606 PMCID: PMC10714012 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1285788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin, a novel endogenous ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ, is encoded by the APLN gene and can be hydrolyzed into multiple subtypes, with Apelin-13 being one of the most active subtypes of the Apelin family. Recent studies have revealed that Apelin-13 functions as an adipokine that participates in the regulation of different biological processes, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism, thereby playing an important role in the prevention and treatment of various metabolic diseases. However, the results of recent studies on the association between Apelin-13 and various metabolic states remain controversial. Furthermore, Apelin-13 is regulated or influenced by various forms of exercise and could therefore be categorized as a new type of exercise-sensitive factor that attenuates metabolic diseases. Thus, in this review, our purpose was to focus on the relationship between Apelin-13 and related metabolic diseases and the regulation of response movements, with particular reference to the establishment of a theoretical basis for improving and treating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Wen
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruiqi Huang
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ke Xu
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuejie Yi
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Wang Z, Jiao S, Chen J, Guo H, Ren L, Sun L, Sun Y, Chen Y. The relationship between frequent premature ventricular complexes and epicardial adipose tissue volume. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1219890. [PMID: 37822598 PMCID: PMC10562624 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1219890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is related to atrial fibrillation. The association between EAT volume and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of EAT volume on the risk of frequent PVCs and burden levels of PVCs. Methods This observational study retrospectively recruited consecutive patients who had consultation between 2019 and 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Frequent PVC patients (n = 402) and control patients (n = 402) undergoing non-contrast computed tomography (CT) were enrolled. We selected evaluation criteria for the conduct of a 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to investigate factors related to frequent PVCs. Furthermore, the determinants of EAT volume and the burden levels of PVCs were evaluated. Results Patients with PVCs had a significantly larger EAT volume than control patients. EAT volume was significantly larger in male PVC patients with BMI ≥24 kg/m2, diabetes mellitus, and E/A ratio <1. EAT volume was independently associated with PVCs. Moreover, the larger EAT volume was an independent predictor for the high burden level of PVCs. We revealed that the risk of high PVC burden level was increased with the rising of EAT volume by restricted cubic splines. Conclusions EAT volume was larger in frequent PVC patients than in control patients, regardless of other confounding factors. A large EAT volume was independently associated with high burden levels of PVCs. EAT volume may be a new mechanism to explain the pathogenesis of PVCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siqi Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hehe Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lichen Ren
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yihong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Bai J, Gao C, Li X, Pan H, Wang S, Shi Z, Zhang T. Correlation analysis of the abdominal visceral fat area with the structure and function of the heart and liver in obesity: a prospective magnetic resonance imaging study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:206. [PMID: 37563637 PMCID: PMC10416373 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differences in fat deposition sites exhibit varying degrees of systemic inflammatory responses and organ damage, especially in obese individuals with excessive visceral fat. Visceral fat, which is closely related to an increase in mortality rates related to heart and liver diseases. However, few studies have analysed the differences in heart and liver indicators and their correlation among groups based on the abdominal visceral fat area (AVFA). OBJECTIVE Clarifying the differences in and correlations of heart and liver indicators among groups with different severities of AVFA by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Sixty-nine subjects with obesity were enrolled. The study group consisted of forty-one individuals (AVFA ≥ 150 cm2), and the control group consisted of twenty-eight individuals (100 cm2 ≤ AVFA < 150 cm2). The differences in and correlations between clinical, laboratory, and MRI indicators of the heart and liver between the two groups were analysed. RESULTS In the study group, the incidences of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance were higher, and liver function indicators were worse. The left ventricular eccentricity ratio (LVER), left ventricular mass (LVM) and global peak wall thickness (GPWT) were higher in the study group than in the control group (P = 0.002, P = 0.001, P = 0.03), and the left ventricle global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) was lower in the study group than in the control group (P = 0.016). The pericardiac adipose tissue volume (PATV) and myocardial proton density fat fraction (M-PDFF) were higher in the study group than in the control group (P = 0.001, P = 0.001). The hepatic proton density fat fraction (H-PDFF) and abdominal subcutaneous fat area (ASFA) were higher in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.001, P = 0.012). There was a moderate positive correlation (ρ = 0.39-0.59, P < 0.001) between the AVFA and LVER, LVM, GPWT, LVGLS, and H-PDFF. There was no difference in right ventricular and most left ventricular systolic and diastolic function between the two groups. CONCLUSION The high AVFA group had a larger LVM, GPWT and PATV, more obvious changes in LVER, impaired left ventricular diastolic function, an increased risk of heart disease, and more severe hepatic fat deposition and liver injury. Therefore, there is a correlation between the amount of visceral adipose tissue and subclinical cardiac changes and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Bai
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenzhou Shi
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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12
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Jung MH, Ihm SH. Obesity-related hypertension and chronic kidney disease: from evaluation to management. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2023; 42:431-444. [PMID: 37551125 PMCID: PMC10407638 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.23.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With the recent obesity pandemic, obesity-related hypertension and its complications (e.g., heart failure, coronary disease, and chronic kidney disease [CKD]) are gaining attention in clinical and research fields. Obesity-related hypertension frequently precedes the onset of CKD and aggravates its progression. In this review, we discuss the role of visceral fat in the pathophysiology of obesity-related hypertension and the potential therapeutic strategies for its prevention and management. Various factors, including the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and inflammatory pathways, are intricately involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension. These factors individually and jointly contribute to the development of hypertension (usually sodium-sensitive or resistant hypertension) and, ultimately, to the progression of CKD. From a clinical standpoint, a decline in renal function in advanced CKD further makes blood pressure control challenging since only a few options are available for blood pressure-lowering medications. Proactive lifestyle modification, pharmacological treatment for obesity, and bariatric surgery can be considered for obesity control and management. Furthermore, intensive blood pressure control is required to prevent and halt the development and progression of CKD.
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Grants
- 2011E3300300, 2012E3301100, 2013E3301600, 2013E3301601, 2013E3301602, 2016E3300200, 2016E330 0201, 2016E3300202,2019E320100, 2019E320101, 2019 E320102, 2022-11-007 Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
- NRF-2019R1A2C2086276 National Research Foundation of Korea
- BCRI22042, BCRI22079 Chonnam National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyang Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Ihm
- Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Hogea T, Noemi N, Suciu BA, Brinzaniuc K, Chinezu L, Arbănași EM, Kaller R, Carașca C, Arbănași EM, Vunvulea V, Hălmaciu I, Mureșan AV, Russu E, Ciucanu CC, Radu CM, Radu CC. Increased Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Heart Characteristics Are Correlated with BMI and Predict Silent Myocardial Infarction in Sudden Cardiac Death Subjects: An Autopsy Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2157. [PMID: 37443551 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a significant global public health issue and the leading cause of death worldwide. Its etiopathogenesis is complex and multilayered, involving dynamic factors interacting with a preexistent cardiovascular pathology, frequently unknown, and resulting in cardiac rhythm disorders and cardiac arrest; Methods: This study conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis over a one-year period, identifying 321 autopsy cases of sudden deaths from the Institute of Legal Medicine in Mures County, Romania, in 2019. From the 321 sudden death cases, 189 autopsy reports were selected for analysis based on inclusion and exclusion; Results: The autopsies had a mean age of 61.16 years and included 140 males and 49 females. No significant differences were found between the silent myocardial infarction (SMI) and no-SMI groups regarding demographic data. The SMI group exhibited higher thickness of LV (left ventricle), IV (interventricular septum), EAT LCx (epicardial adipose tissue at left circumflex artery), EAT LAD (epicardial adipose tissue at left anterior descending artery), heart weight, and BMI (body mass index). The left coronary artery showed a higher incidence of type V plaques, while the right coronary artery showed higher incidences of type V and type VI plaque. The SMI group also exhibited a higher incidence of moderate and severe valvular atherosclerosis, severe left ventricle dilatation, and a lower incidence of mild left ventricle dilatation. In addition, the SMI group showed a higher presence of contraction band necrosis on histological examination. Multivariate analysis revealed that type V and type VI plaques for the right and left coronary arteries, moderate and severe valvular atherosclerosis, severe left ventricle dilatation, heart weight, EAT LCx, EAT LAD, LV thickness, IV thickness, BMI, and the presence of contraction band necrosis are all independent predictors of SMI; Conclusions: The findings suggest that SCD is a complex condition, and its etiopathogenesis involves dynamic factors interacting with pre-existing cardiovascular pathology. The risk factors of SCD are similar to those of ischemic heart disease. The findings of this study could guide clinicians in identifying patients at risk of SCD and implementing preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Hogea
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, 540141 Targu Mures, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Nagy Noemi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Bogdan Andrei Suciu
- Department of Anatomy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Klara Brinzaniuc
- Department of Anatomy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Laura Chinezu
- Department of Histology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Emil Marian Arbănași
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Réka Kaller
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Cosmin Carașca
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, 540141 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Eliza Mihaela Arbănași
- Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Vlad Vunvulea
- Department of Anatomy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Radiology, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Ioana Hălmaciu
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, 540141 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Radiology, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Adrian Vasile Mureșan
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Eliza Russu
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | | | - Casandra Maria Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Corina Carmen Radu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, 540141 Targu Mures, Romania
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14
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Vasamsetti SB, Natarajan N, Sadaf S, Florentin J, Dutta P. Regulation of cardiovascular health and disease by visceral adipose tissue-derived metabolic hormones. J Physiol 2023; 601:2099-2120. [PMID: 35661362 PMCID: PMC9722993 DOI: 10.1113/jp282728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a metabolic organ known to regulate fat mass, and glucose and nutrient homeostasis. VAT is an active endocrine gland that synthesizes and secretes numerous bioactive mediators called 'adipocytokines/adipokines' into systemic circulation. These adipocytokines act on organs of metabolic importance like the liver and skeletal muscle. Multiple preclinical and in vitro studies showed strong evidence of the roles of adipocytokines in the regulation of metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance. Adipocytokines, such as adiponectin and omentin, are anti-inflammatory and have been shown to prevent atherogenesis by increasing nitric oxide (NO) production by the endothelium, suppressing endothelium-derived inflammation and decreasing foam cell formation. By inhibiting differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) into osteoblasts, adiponectin and omentin prevent vascular calcification. On the other hand, adipocytokines like leptin and resistin induce inflammation and endothelial dysfunction that leads to vasoconstriction. By promoting VSMC migration and proliferation, extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory polarization of macrophages, leptin and resistin increase the risk of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and rupture. Additionally, the plasma concentrations of these adipocytokines alter in ageing, rendering older humans vulnerable to cardiovascular disease. The disturbances in the normal physiological concentrations of these adipocytokines secreted by VAT under pathological conditions impede the normal functions of various organs and affect cardiovascular health. These adipokines could be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Babu Vasamsetti
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Niranjana Natarajan
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Samreen Sadaf
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Florentin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Partha Dutta
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15213
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15213
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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15
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Gawałko M, Saljic A, Li N, Abu-Taha I, Jespersen T, Linz D, Nattel S, Heijman J, Fender A, Dobrev D. Adiposity-associated atrial fibrillation: molecular determinants, mechanisms, and clinical significance. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:614-630. [PMID: 35689487 PMCID: PMC10409902 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important contributing factor to the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) and its complications by causing systemic changes, such as altered haemodynamic, increased sympathetic tone, and low-grade chronic inflammatory state. In addition, adipose tissue is a metabolically active organ that comprises various types of fat deposits with discrete composition and localization that show distinct functions. Fatty tissue differentially affects the evolution of AF, with highly secretory active visceral fat surrounding the heart generally having a more potent influence than the rather inert subcutaneous fat. A variety of proinflammatory, profibrotic, and vasoconstrictive mediators are secreted by adipose tissue, particularly originating from cardiac fat, that promote atrial remodelling and increase the susceptibility to AF. In this review, we address the role of obesity-related factors and in particular specific adipose tissue depots in driving AF risk. We discuss the distinct effects of key secreted adipokines from different adipose tissue depots and their participation in cardiac remodelling. The possible mechanistic basis and molecular determinants of adiposity-related AF are discussed, and finally, we highlight important gaps in current knowledge, areas requiring future investigation, and implications for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gawałko
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-197 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnela Saljic
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine (Section of Cardiovascular Research), Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Issam Abu-Taha
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominik Linz
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Port Road, SA 5000 Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Medicine and Research Center, Montréal Heart Institute and University de Montréal, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- IHU LIRYC Institute, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600 Pessac, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Fender
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Medicine and Research Center, Montréal Heart Institute and University de Montréal, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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16
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Ali S, Alam R, Ahsan H, Khan S. Role of adipokines (omentin and visfatin) in coronary artery disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:483-493. [PMID: 36653284 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Adipose tissue is considered as an endocrine organ that releases bioactive factors known as adipokines which contribute to the pathogenesis of rotundity-linked metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Rotundity is a major predisposer for the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). DATA SYNTHESIS The literature survey from various databases such as Pubmed/Medline, DOAJ, Scopus, Clarivate analytics/Web of Science and Google Scholar were used to prepare this article. The epidemic of rotundity has gained significant attention to understand the biology of adipocytes and the metabolism of adipose tissue in obese individuals. In CAD, visfatin/NAMPT was primarily indicated as a clinical marker of atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and vascular injury having a prognostic significance. Visfatin/NAMPT is a factor that promotes vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Omentin is an anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic adipokine regulating cardiovascular functions. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights and summarizes the scientific information pertaining to the role of the adipokines - omentin and visfatin in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Roshan Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Haseeb Ahsan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Saba Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
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17
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He W, Lin A, Wang C. Adipocyte-Derived Exosomal LINC00968 Promotes Mouse Retina Microvascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in a High-Glucose Environment by Modulating the miR-361-5p/TRAF3 Axis. Horm Metab Res 2023; 55:124-135. [PMID: 36216243 DOI: 10.1055/a-1939-7355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
As a major cause of mortality, cardiovascular disease is associated with obesity and diabetes. However, the molecular mechanism by which diabetes-obesity causes cardiovascular complications is largely unknown. In this study, the crosstalk mediated by 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and mouse retina microvascular endothelial cells (mRMECs) was determined after co-culturing performed with a Transwell system or measuring exosome uptake by mRMECs. CCK-8 assays, EdU incorporation assays, TUNEL staining, and ELISAs were used to evaluate the functions of mRMECs. Related protein markers were analyzed by western blotting. Our results showed that LINC00968 levels were significantly elevated in the exosomes derived from H-Glu-induced 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Both H-Glu treatment and co-culture with 3T3-L1 cells damaged mRMECs, as indicated by lower rates of proliferation and higher rates of apoptosis and cell adhesion molecule expression, as well as by induced inflammation and oxidative stress, which were enhanced by combined H-Glu and co-culture treatment. Furthermore, H-Glu and co-culture treatment increased LINC00968 expression in mRMECs, and the exosomes collected from 3T3-L1 cells had a similar effect. Functionally, LINC00968 inhibition protected mRMECs against the effects of H-Glu and co-culture treatment, while LINC00968 played the opposite role. LINC00968 was found to target miR-361-5p, and TRAF3 was identified as a target gene of miR-361-5p. Finally, miR-361-5p overexpression alleviated the effects of LINC00968 on H-Glu-induced mRMEC dysfunction in vitro. In conclusion, our results indicated that in an H-glu environment, adipocyte exosomes damage microvascular endothelial cells via a LINC00968/miR-361-5p/TRAF3 signaling pathway, which could possibly serve as a target for treating diabetes-obesity-triggered microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing He
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Anhua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Chenxiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
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18
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Tang Y, Yang LJ, Liu H, Song YJ, Yang QQ, Liu Y, Qian SW, Tang QQ. Exosomal miR-27b-3p secreted by visceral adipocytes contributes to endothelial inflammation and atherogenesis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111948. [PMID: 36640325 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, particularly increased visceral fat, positively correlates with various metabolic challenges, including atherosclerosis, but the mechanism is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to determine the role of visceral-fat-derived exosomes (Exo) in endothelial cells and atherosclerosis. We show that obesity changes the miRNA profile of visceral adipose exosomes in mice. Importantly, exosomal miR-27b-3p efficiently enters into the vascular endothelial cells and activates the NF-κB pathway by downregulating PPARα. Mechanistically, miR-27b-3p binds directly to the CDS region of PPARα mRNA, thereby promoting mRNA degradation and suppressing translation. In ApoE-deficient mice, administration of miR-27b-3p mimic increases inflammation and atherogenesis, while overexpression of PPARα protects against atherosclerosis. Thus, obesity-induced exosomal miR-27b-3p promotes endothelial inflammation and facilitates atherogenesis by PPARα suppression. We reveal an exosomal pathway by which obesity aggravates atherosclerosis and proposed therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis in people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Jue Song
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi-Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Wen Qian
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Hogea T, Suciu BA, Ivănescu AD, Carașca C, Chinezu L, Arbănași EM, Russu E, Kaller R, Arbănași EM, Mureșan AV, Radu CC. Increased Epicardial Adipose Tissue (EAT), Left Coronary Artery Plaque Morphology, and Valvular Atherosclerosis as Risks Factors for Sudden Cardiac Death from a Forensic Perspective. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13010142. [PMID: 36611434 PMCID: PMC9818730 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In sudden cardiac deaths (SCD), visceral adipose tissue has begun to manifest interest as a standalone cardiovascular risk factor. Studies have shown that epicardial adipose tissue can be seen as a viable marker of coronary atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate, from a forensic perspective, the correlation between body mass index (BMI), heart weight, coronary and valvular atherosclerosis, left ventricular morphology, and the thickness of the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in sudden cardiac deaths, establishing an increased thickness of EAT as a novel risk factor. Methods: This is a retrospective case−control descriptive study that included 80 deaths that were autopsied, 40 sudden cardiac deaths, and 40 control cases who hanged themselves and had unknown pathologies prior to their death. In all the autopsies performed, the thickness of the epicardial adipose tissue was measured in two regions of the left coronary artery, and the left ventricular morphology, macro/microscopically quantified coronary and valvular atherosclerosis, and weight of the heart were evaluated. Results: This study revealed a higher age in the SCD group (58.82 ± 9.67 vs. 53.4 ± 13.00; p = 0.03), as well as a higher incidence in females (p = 0.03). In terms of heart and coronary artery characteristics, there were higher values of BMI (p = 0.0009), heart weight (p < 0.0001), EAT of the left circumflex artery (LCx) (p < 0.0001), and EAT of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) (p < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, a high baseline value of BMI (OR: 4.05; p = 0.004), heart weight (OR: 5.47; p < 0.001), EAT LCx (OR: 23.72; p < 0.001), and EAT LAD (OR: 21.07; p < 0.001) were strong independent predictors of SCD. Moreover, age over 55 years (OR: 2.53; p = 0.045), type Vb plaque (OR: 17.19; p < 0.001), mild valvular atherosclerosis (OR: 4.88; p = 0.002), and moderate left ventricle dilatation (OR: 16.71; p = 0.008) all act as predictors of SCD. Conclusions: The data of this research revealed that higher baseline values of BMI, heart weight, EAT LCx, and EAT LAD highly predict SCD. Furthermore, age above 55 years, type Vb plaque, mild valvular atherosclerosis, and left ventricle dilatation were all risk factors for SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Hogea
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Bogdan Andrei Suciu
- Department of Anatomy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Adrian Dumitru Ivănescu
- Department of Anatomy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Cosmin Carașca
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-751-065-887
| | - Laura Chinezu
- Department of Histology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Emil Marian Arbănași
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Eliza Russu
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Réka Kaller
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Eliza Mihaela Arbănași
- Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Adrian Vasile Mureșan
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Corina Carmen Radu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
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Li C, Qin D, Hu J, Yang Y, Hu D, Yu B. Inflamed adipose tissue: A culprit underlying obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947147. [PMID: 36483560 PMCID: PMC9723346 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is increasing in patients with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and in the aging population. However, there is a lack of adequate clinical treatment. Patients with obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction display unique pathophysiological and phenotypic characteristics, suggesting that obesity could be one of its specific phenotypes. There has been an increasing recognition that overnutrition in obesity causes adipose tissue expansion and local and systemic inflammation, which consequently exacerbates cardiac remodeling and leads to the development of obese heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Furthermore, overnutrition leads to cellular metabolic reprogramming and activates inflammatory signaling cascades in various cardiac cells, thereby promoting maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Growing evidence indicates that the innate immune response pathway from the NLRP3 inflammasome, to interleukin-1 to interleukin-6, is involved in the generation of obesity-related systemic inflammation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. This review established the existence of obese heart failure with preserved ejection fraction based on structural and functional changes, elaborated the inflammation mechanisms of obese heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, proposed that NLRP3 inflammasome activation may play an important role in adiposity-induced inflammation, and summarized the potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Donglu Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiarui Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bilian Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Bilian Yu,
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Yin X, Chen Y, Ruze R, Xu R, Song J, Wang C, Xu Q. The evolving view of thermogenic fat and its implications in cancer and metabolic diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:324. [PMID: 36114195 PMCID: PMC9481605 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe incidence of metabolism-related diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has reached pandemic levels worldwide and increased gradually. Most of them are listed on the table of high-risk factors for malignancy, and metabolic disorders systematically or locally contribute to cancer progression and poor prognosis of patients. Importantly, adipose tissue is fundamental to the occurrence and development of these metabolic disorders. White adipose tissue stores excessive energy, while thermogenic fat including brown and beige adipose tissue dissipates energy to generate heat. In addition to thermogenesis, beige and brown adipocytes also function as dynamic secretory cells and a metabolic sink of nutrients, like glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids. Accordingly, strategies that activate and expand thermogenic adipose tissue offer therapeutic promise to combat overweight, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders through increasing energy expenditure and enhancing glucose tolerance. With a better understanding of its origins and biological functions and the advances in imaging techniques detecting thermogenesis, the roles of thermogenic adipose tissue in tumors have been revealed gradually. On the one hand, enhanced browning of subcutaneous fatty tissue results in weight loss and cancer-associated cachexia. On the other hand, locally activated thermogenic adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment accelerate cancer progression by offering fuel sources and is likely to develop resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we enumerate current knowledge about the significant advances made in the origin and physiological functions of thermogenic fat. In addition, we discuss the multiple roles of thermogenic adipocytes in different tumors. Ultimately, we summarize imaging technologies for identifying thermogenic adipose tissue and pharmacologic agents via modulating thermogenesis in preclinical experiments and clinical trials.
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22
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Miola A, De Filippis E, Veldic M, Ho AMC, Winham SJ, Mendoza M, Romo-Nava F, Nunez NA, Gardea Resendez M, Prieto ML, McElroy SL, Biernacka JM, Frye MA, Cuellar-Barboza AB. The genetics of bipolar disorder with obesity and type 2 diabetes. J Affect Disord 2022; 313:222-231. [PMID: 35780966 PMCID: PMC9703971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) presents with high obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and pathophysiological and phenomenological abnormalities shared with cardiometabolic disorders. Genomic studies may help define if they share genetic liability. This selective review of BD with obesity and T2D will focus on genomic studies, stress their current limitations and guide future steps in developing the field. METHODS We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus) until December 2021 to identify genome-wide association studies, polygenic risk score analyses, and functional genomics of BD accounting for body mass index (BMI), obesity, or T2D. RESULTS The first genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of BD accounting for obesity found a promising genome-wide association in an intronic gene variant of TCF7L2 that was further replicated. Polygenic risk scores of obesity and T2D have also been associated with BD, yet, no genetic correlations have been demonstrated. Finally, human-induced stem cell studies of the intronic variant in TCF7L2 show a potential biological impact of the products of this genetic variant in BD risk. LIMITATIONS The narrative nature of this review. CONCLUSIONS Findings from BD GWAS accounting for obesity and their functional testing, have prompted potential biological insights. Yet, BD, obesity, and T2D display high phenotypic, genetic, and population-related heterogeneity, limiting our ability to detect genetic associations. Further studies should refine cardiometabolic phenotypes, test gene-environmental interactions and add population diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Miola
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Marin Veldic
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ada Man-Choi Ho
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mariana Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Francisco Romo-Nava
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nicolas A Nunez
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Miguel L Prieto
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile; Mental Health Service, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile; Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan L McElroy
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alfredo B Cuellar-Barboza
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico.
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Cao W, Xu Y, Shen Y, Hu T, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Ma X, Bao Y. Change of neck circumference in relation to visceral fat area: a Chinese community-based longitudinal cohort study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1633-1637. [PMID: 35672353 PMCID: PMC9395262 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives Neck circumference (NC) has been positively associated with visceral fat area (VFA) in cross-sectional studies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of NC changes on VFA in a Chinese community-based longitudinal cohort. Subjects/Methods Subjects recruited from Shanghai communities were followed up for 1.1–2.9 years. A total of 1421 subjects (men 578, women 843) were included, aged 24–80 years, with an average age of 57.8 ± 7.1 years. Interventions/Methods Biochemical and anthropometric measurements, including NC, were obtained from all subjects. VFA was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Abdominal obesity was defined as a VFA ≥ 80 cm2. Results After a mean follow-up of 2.1 years, the NCs for men and women were 38.1 ± 2.3 cm and 33.8 ± 2.0 cm, respectively, and the average value of VFA was 84.55 (59.83–113.50) cm2. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, history of drinking, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure and blood lipids, individuals who had gained a NC of more than 5% had 1.26 (95% CI: 1.05–1.49) times more visceral adipose tissue at follow-up than NC maintainers (NC change between –2.5% and 2.5%). In the non-abdominal obesity group at baseline (n = 683), after adjusting for confounding factors, changes in NC were associated with abdominal obesity (odd ratio 1.23, 95% CI: 1.09–1.39). Conclusions Changes in NC were positively associated with VFA in a Chinese community-based cohort, suggesting that NC measurement is practical for assessing abdominal obesity.
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KILIÇ TÜRK H, PEKGÖR S, ERYILMAZ M. Metabolik sendrom, insülin direnci, diabetes mellitus ve hipertansiyonu öngörmede visseral adipozite indeksi kesme değerlerinin belirlenmesi. FAMILY PRACTICE AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.22391/fppc.1001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The visceral adiposity index is a reliable indicator of visceral adipose tissue dysfunction. The aim of this research was to determine the cut-off points of the visceral adiposity index in predicting metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension at specific age ranges and in both sexes separately.Methods: This research is both descriptive and analytical. The research was conducted with 951 participants aged 18 and over between July 2019 and July 2020. 51 participants that did not meet study criteria were excluded from the research. The research was completed with a total of 900 participants, 577 females and 373 males. A physical examination and anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure) of all participants were conducted. After 12 hours of fasting, the HDL, TG, glucose, and insulin levels of participants were measured. The blood pressure of participants was measured after 15 minutes of rest. Adult treatment panel 3 criteria were used for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. A homeostatic model assessment was calculated. The visceral adiposity index is calculated in the entire population for the prediction of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, diabetes, and hypertension: women, men, age groups 18–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–65, 66 and over.Results: Cut-off points of the visceral adiposity index in predicting metabolic syndrome were 4.53 in the total population and males, 4.28 in females, 4.76 in the 18-30 age range, 4.96 in the 31-40 age range, 4.87 in the 41-50 age range, 5.04 in the 51-65 age range, and 4.59 in the age range 66 and above. Cut-off points of the visceral adiposity index in predicting insulin resistance were 4.24 in the total population and females, 4.68 in males, 3.45 in the 18-30 age range, 4.15 in the 31-40 age range, 4.66 in the 41-50 age range, and 4.87 in the 51-65 age range. Cut-off points of the visceral adiposity index in predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus were 4.89 in the total population, 6.43 in females, 7.02 in the 31-40 age range, 7.29 in the 41-50 age range, and 5.98 in the 51-65 age range. Cut-off points of the visceral adiposity index in predicting hypertension were 4.26 in the total population, 4.07 in females, 4.64 in the 18–30 age range, and 4.43 in the 51–65 age range.Conclusions: The visceral adiposity index can be used to predict metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selma PEKGÖR
- Department of Family Medicine, Konya City Hospital, Konya
| | - Mehmet ERYILMAZ
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Konya Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi
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Dai HB, Wang HY, Wang FZ, Qian P, Gao Q, Zhou H, Zhou YB. Adrenomedullin ameliorates palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance through PI3K/Akt pathway in adipocytes. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:661-673. [PMID: 34978596 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS White adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction has been associated with adipose tissue low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress leading to insulin resistance (IR). Adrenomedullin (ADM), an endogenous active peptide considered as an adipokine, is associated with adipocytes function. METHODS We evaluated the protective effects of ADM against IR in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated by palmitic acid (PA) and in visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) of obese rats fed with high-fat diet. RESULTS We found that endogenous protein expressions of ADM and its receptor in PA-treated adipocytes were markedly increased. PA significantly induced impaired insulin signaling by affecting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) axis and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) levels, whereas ADM pretreatment enhanced insulin signaling PI3K/Akt and GLUT-4 membrane protein levels, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 levels, and improved oxidative stress accompanied with reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increased anti-oxidant enzymes manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) and catalase (CAT) protein expressions. Furthermore, ADM treatment not only improved IR in obese rats, but also effectively restored insulin signaling, and reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in vWAT of obese rats. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a prevention potential of ADM against obesity-related metabolic disorders, due to its protective effects against IR, inflammation and oxidative stress in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Bing Dai
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang-Zheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei Qian
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
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Hu W, Zhang H, Liu Z, Duan Q, Liu J, Dong Q, You L, Wen X, Zhang D. The Relationship Between Adipose Tissue Distribution and Arterial Stiffness in HFpEF. Nutrition 2022; 102:111726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Korkut M, Selvi F, Bedel C. Echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness and immature granulocyte are novel inflammatory predictors of acute ischemic stroke: a prospective study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 140:384-389. [PMID: 35508005 PMCID: PMC9671256 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0461.r1.16082021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the most common type of stroke. Inflammation is the primary factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Use of immature granulocytes (IGs) has been recommended as a new indicator of systemic inflammation. However, data on the association between echocardiographic epicardial fat tissue thickness (EFT) and IGs in patients with AIS are limited. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between the presences of IGs, epicardial fat tissue and AIS. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective study in a tertiary-care university hospital in Antalya, Turkey. METHODS Our study included 53 AIS patients and 41 healthy controls with age and gender compatibility. Blood samples and transthoracic echocardiography of all participants were compared. RESULTS IG levels were significantly higher in patients with AIS than in controls (0.62 ± 0.36 versus 0.28 ± 0.02, P < 0.001). The mean EFT was 3.74 ± 0.61 mm in the control group and 6.33 ± 1.47 mm in the AIS patient group. EFT was significantly greater in AIS patients than in controls (P < 0.001). For the optimum cut-off value for IG (0.95), the area under the curve (AUC) was determined to be 0.840; sensitivity was determined to be 81.1% and specificity, 92.5%. For the optimum cut-off value for EFT (4.95 mm), the AUC was determined to be 0.953; sensitivity was determined to be 90.6% and specificity, 90%. CONCLUSIONS IG and echocardiographic EFT are clinical markers that can be used to predict AIS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Korkut
- MD. Emergency Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Health Science University, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Selvi
- MD. Emergency Physician and Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Health Science University, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Cihan Bedel
- MD. Emergency Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Health Science University, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
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Lyngbakken MN, de Lemos JA, Hveem K, Røsjø H, Omland T. Lifetime obesity trends are associated with subclinical myocardial injury: The Trøndelag health study. J Intern Med 2022; 291:317-326. [PMID: 34668255 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with subclinical myocardial injury as quantified by concentrations of cardiac troponin T, but whether lifetime excess weight history is associated with increased concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and how indices of abdominal adiposity and glycemic dysregulation affect these associations remain unclear. METHODS We analyzed cTnI with a high-sensitivity assay in 9739 participants in the Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study at study visit 4 (2017-2019). BMI was assessed at study Visit 1 (1984-1986), 2 (1995-1997), 3 (2006-2008), and 4. RESULTS Median age at visit 4 was 68.7 years and 59% were women. Concentrations of cTnI were detectable in 84.1% of study participants, with a median of 2.5 (1.5-4.5 ng/L). We identified three clusters of BMI trajectories from visit 1 to 4, (1) stable normal weight, (2) stable overweight, and (3) stable obesity. Participants in clusters 2 and 3 were at increased risk of elevated concentrations of cTnI at visit 4 (odds ratio 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.47, and odds ratio 1.70, 95% CI 1.33-2.17, p for trend <0.001). Participants in cluster 3 had 22.0 (95% CI 14.1-29.9) higher concentrations of cTnI compared to participants in cluster 1 (p for trend <0.001). Dysregulated glucose metabolism and abdominal obesity did not influence our results. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with stable overweight or obesity are at increased risk of subclinical myocardial injury, independently of glycemic dysregulation and abdominal adiposity. Our data support a direct detrimental effect of long-standing obesity on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken
- Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - James A de Lemos
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Helge Røsjø
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Research and Innovation, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Khodarahmi M, Niknam M, Farhangi MA. Personalized gene-diet study of rs2239670 gene variants and dietary patterns among obese adults. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 47:358-366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Dysregulated Epicardial Adipose Tissue as a Risk Factor and Potential Therapeutic Target of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Diabetes. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020176. [PMID: 35204677 PMCID: PMC8961672 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease and heart failure (HF) are the leading cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a metabolic disease which represents a fast-growing health challenge worldwide. Specifically, T2DM induces a cluster of systemic metabolic and non-metabolic signaling which may promote myocardium derangements such as inflammation, fibrosis, and myocyte stiffness, which represent the hallmarks of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). On the other hand, several observational studies have reported that patients with T2DM have an abnormally enlarged and biologically transformed epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) compared with non-diabetic controls. This expanded EAT not only causes a mechanical constriction of the diastolic filling but is also a source of pro-inflammatory mediators capable of causing inflammation, microcirculatory dysfunction and fibrosis of the underlying myocardium, thus impairing the relaxability of the left ventricle and increasing its filling pressure. In addition to representing a potential CV risk factor, emerging evidence shows that EAT may guide the therapeutic decision in diabetic patients as drugs such as metformin, glucagon-like peptide‑1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-Is), have been associated with attenuation of EAT enlargement.
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Rossella C, Laura F, Grazia MM, Raffaele B, Antonio T, Maria P, Francesco DV, Giovanni G. The crosstalk between gut microbiota, intestinal immunological niche and visceral adipose tissue as a new model for the pathogenesis of metabolic and inflammatory diseases: the paradigm of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:3189-3201. [PMID: 34986766 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220105121124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) comprises more than one thousand microorganisms between bacterial species, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and represents the main actor of a wide net of molecular interactions, involving, among others, the endocrine system, immune responses, and metabolism. GM influences many endocrine functions such as adrenal steroidogenesis, thyroid function, sexual hormones, IGF-1 pathway and peptides produced in gastrointestinal system. It is fundamental in glycaemic control and obesity, while also exerting an important function in modulating the immune system and associated inflammatory disease. The result of this crosstalk in gut mucosa is the formation of the intestinal immunological niche. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) produces about 600 different peptides, it is involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and in some immune reactions through several adipokines. GM and VAT interact in a bidirectional fashion: while gut dysbiosis can modify VAT adipokines and hormone secretion, VAT hyperplasia modifies GM composition. Acquired or genetic factors leading to gut dysbiosis or increasing VAT (i.e., Western diet) induce a proinflammatory condition, which plays a pivotal role in the development of dysmetabolic and immunologic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is clearly associated with specific patterns of GM alterations, with an abundance or reduction of GM species involved in controlling mucosal barrier status, glycaemic levels and exerting a pro- or anti-inflammatory activity. All these factors could explain the higher incidence of several inflammatory conditions in Western countries; furthermore, besides the specific alterations observed in diabetes, this paradigm could represent a common pathway acting in many metabolic conditions and could pave the way to a new, interesting therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cianci Rossella
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS Largo A. Gemelli, 8 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Franza Laura
- Emergency Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massaro Maria Grazia
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Borriello Raffaele
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Tota Antonio
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pallozzi Maria
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - De Vito Francesco
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gambassi Giovanni
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Role of Distinct Fat Depots in Metabolic Regulation and Pathological Implications. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 186:135-176. [PMID: 35915363 DOI: 10.1007/112_2022_73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
People suffering from obesity and associated metabolic disorders including diabetes are increasing exponentially around the world. Adipose tissue (AT) distribution and alteration in their biochemical properties play a major role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that AT heterogeneity and depot-specific physiological changes are vital in the development of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues like muscle and liver. Classically, AT depots are classified into white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT); WAT is the site of fatty acid storage, while BAT is a dedicated organ of metabolic heat production. The discovery of beige adipocyte clusters in WAT depots indicates AT heterogeneity has a more central role than hither to ascribed. Therefore, we have discussed in detail the current state of understanding on cellular and molecular origin of different AT depots and their relevance toward physiological metabolic homeostasis. A major focus is to highlight the correlation between altered WAT distribution in the body and metabolic pathogenesis in animal models and humans. We have also underscored the disparity in the molecular (including signaling) changes in various WAT tissues during diabetic pathogenesis. Exercise-mediated beneficial alteration in WAT physiology/distribution that protects against metabolic disorders is evolving. Here we have discussed the depot-specific biochemical adjustments induced by different forms of exercise. A detailed understanding of the molecular details of inter-organ crosstalk via substrate utilization/storage and signaling through chemokines provide strategies to target selected WAT depots to pharmacologically mimic the benefits of exercise countering metabolic diseases including diabetes.
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Hu Y, Zheng J, Ye X, Song Y, Wu X. Association Between Elevated Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody and Abdominal Fat Distribution in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:863-871. [PMID: 35321353 PMCID: PMC8938158 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s345507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) are both common disorders in the general population, which are major drivers for adverse medical conditions. While an interaction between thyroid function and visceral obesity is thought to exist, but very few studies have examined the relationship between AITD and visceral obesity, especially in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present study, we investigated the association between elevated thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) titer and visceral fat area in T2DM patients. METHODS A total of 390 T2DM patients who met the criteria for admission and joined the National Metabolic Management Center (MMC) in the Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from April 2020 to December 2020 were enrolled in this study. The participants were divided into two groups based on visceral obesity. Thyroid function, thyroid associated antibody and other metabolic indicators were measured by blood tests. The visceral fat area (VFA) and the subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. RESULTS There were 185 participants (47.4%) had visceral obesity. The positive rate of TPOAb was significantly higher in T2DM patients with visceral obesity (12.97% vs 5.37%, p < 0.01). Free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were both significantly higher in T2DM patients with visceral obesity (p < 0.05). The increased TPOAb titer was significantly positively correlated with visceral fat area (r = 0.175, p < 0.01). Binary logistic analysis showed that the positive rate of TPOAb was associated with an increased risk of visceral obesity [(OR) 4.258, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.594, 11.375, p = 0.004]. CONCLUSION TPOAb-positive is more common in T2DM patients with visceral obesity, which has some effects on visceral obesity independent of thyroid function. This suggests that elevated TPOAb titer is a predictor of visceral obesity in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Hu
- Department of Health Management Center, Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Zheng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ye
- Department of Health Management Center, Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingxiang Song
- Department of Health Management Center, Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Health Management Center, Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaohong Wu, Tel/Fax +86-579-85893937, Email
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Yu SY, Ge ZZ, Xiang J, Gao YX, Lu X, Walline JH, Qin MB, Zhu HD, Li Y. Is rosuvastatin protective against sepsis-associated encephalopathy? A secondary analysis of the SAILS trial. World J Emerg Med 2022; 13:367-372. [PMID: 36119770 PMCID: PMC9420670 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2022.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a common cause of death in emergency departments and sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a major complication. Rosuvastatin may play a neuroprotective role due to its protective effects on the vascular endothelium and its anti-inflammatory functions. Our study aimed to explore the potential protective function of rosuvastatin against SAE. METHODS Sepsis patients without any neurological dysfunction on admission were prospectively enrolled in the "Rosuvastatin for Sepsis-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome" study (SAILS trial, ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00979121). Patients were divided into rosuvastatin and placebo groups. This is a secondary analysis of the SAILS dataset. Baseline characteristics, therapy outcomes, and adverse drug events were compared between groups. RESULTS A total of 86 patients were eligible for our study. Of these patients, 51 were treated with rosuvastatin. There were significantly fewer cases of SAE in the rosuvastatin group than in the placebo group (32.1% vs. 57.1%, P=0.028). However, creatine kinase levels were significantly higher in the rosuvastatin group than in the placebo group (233 [22-689] U/L vs. 79 [12-206] U/L, P=0.034). CONCLUSION Rosuvastatin appears to have a protective role against SAE but may result in a higher incidence of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-yuan Yu
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zeng-zheng Ge
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- General Medicine Department of Jingnan Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yan-xia Gao
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Joseph Harold Walline
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey 17033, USA
| | - Mu-bing Qin
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hua-dong Zhu
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yi Li
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Chen YC, Wang YW, Ko CH, Chen JF, Hsu CY, Yu SF, Cheng TT. Hip BMD is associated with visceral fat change: a registry study of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2022; 13:20406223221134051. [DOI: 10.1177/20406223221134051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis increases the risk of fractures. Visceral fat is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is inadequate knowledge on the relationship between osteoporosis and visceral fat. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and visceral fat mass in the elderly. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Subjects were enrolled from the Rheumatology Clinic. All subjects underwent baseline bone mineral density and body composition measurements using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: A total of 321 patients including 288 females and 33 males were enrolled in this study. We followed up DEXA for 1 year for fat and muscle mass change and found that 162 (50.5%) had a decrease in fat mass, 129 (40.2%) had decreased visceral fat, and 138 (43%) had decreased muscle mass. Furthermore, we found that the baseline hip T score was correlated with visceral fat decrease. Using visceral fat decrease as the outcome, we found that hip T score could predict visceral fat loss: the higher the T score, the more visceral fat loss was found [ p < 0.001, OR: 1.6, CI: (1.3–2.1)]. Conclusion: A high hip T score was associated with a future decrease in visceral fat, which may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis and CV risk. Therefore, evaluation of visceral fat may be useful for assessing CVD risk in patients with osteoporosis. Effective management of the risk of atherosclerosis and CVD is important in improving the life expectancy of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chou Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung 833
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Chi-Hua Ko
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Jia-Feng Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Chung-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Shan-Fu Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Tien-Tsai Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
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Liu BB, Niu ZR, Jia XJ, Liu XL, Lu Q. A Correlational Study on Cardiopulmonary Endurance in Male Patients with New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1365-1373. [PMID: 35528721 PMCID: PMC9075895 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s352798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPETs) are widely used non-invasive and reliable functional evaluation methods. This study investigated the correlation between cardiopulmonary endurance indices and plasma glucose levels and abdominal visceral fat in males with new-onset type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 136 male individuals, who had been treated in the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao City, were selected to form a new-onset type 2 diabetes group (66 cases) and a control group (70 cases); individuals were divided into three groups (Q1, Q2, and Q3) from low to high according to their anaerobic threshold (AT) oxygen uptake (VO2), AT VO2/kg (VO2 per kg of body weight), peak VO2, peak VO2/kg, AT heart rate (HR), peak HR, and HR recovery after 1 minute. A cardiopulmonary exercise test was used to determine the VO2 of each group of subjects for VO2 max and AT VO2/kg, HR, and HR recovery after 1 minute. The differences in fat areas and plasma glucose levels were compared under different cardiorespiratory endurance indicators. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the abdominal visceral fat (AVF) area, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) levels increased in the new-onset type 2 diabetes group. Concurrently, AT VO2, AT VO2/kg, peak VO2, peak VO2/kg, AT HR, peak HR, and 1-minute HR recovery all decreased, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The higher the AT VO2 and peak VO2 values, the lower the PPG level (P<0.05) and the smaller the area of abdominal visceral fat (P<0.05). The AT VO2/kg and peak VO2/kg values were negatively correlated with the abdominal visceral fat area, while other indicators had no obvious relationship with either plasma glucose levels or the area of fat. CONCLUSION The levels of blood glucose and visceral fat are correlated with cardiopulmonary function. With the increase in blood glucose levels and visceral fat, the indices of cardiopulmonary function gradually decrease. The correlation between different cardiopulmonary function indices and blood glucose levels and visceral fat was different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Liu
- Department of Functional Inspection, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, Qinhuangdao, 066000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ru Niu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, Qinhuangdao, 066000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, Qinhuangdao, 066000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, Qinhuangdao, 066000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Qiang Lu, Department of Endocrinology, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, No. 258 of Wenhua Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, 066000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-0335-5908385, Fax: +86-0335-3032042, Email
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PINHO ARYANEC, BURGEIRO ANA, PEREIRA MARIAJOÃO, CARVALHO EUGENIA. Drug-induced metabolic alterations in adipose tissue - with an emphasis in epicardial adipose tissue. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220201819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - EUGENIA CARVALHO
- University of Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Portugal; APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Portugal
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Chylińska-Frątczak A, Pietrzak I, Michalak A, Wyka K, Szadkowska A. Autoimmune reaction against pancreatic beta cells in children and adolescents with simple obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1061671. [PMID: 36589801 PMCID: PMC9794760 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1061671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the most important complications of obesity is insulin resistance, which leads to carbohydrate metabolism disorders such as type 2 diabetes. However, obesity is also associated with development of an autoimmune response against various organs, including pancreatic beta cells. The prevalence of such autoimmune processes in children and their possible contribution to the increased incidence of type 1 diabetes is currently unclear. Therefore, the present study assessed the prevalence of autoantibodies against pancreatic islet beta cell's antigens in children and adolescents with simple obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective observational study included pediatric patients (up to 18 years of age) with simple obesity hospitalized between 2011 and 2016 at the Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology of the Medical University of Lodz. Children with acute or chronic conditions that might additionally affect insulin resistance or glucose metabolism were excluded. Collected clinical data included sex, age, sexual maturity ratings (Tanner`s scale), body height and weight, waist and hip circumference, amount of body fat and lean body mass. Each participant underwent a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test with simultaneous measurements of glycaemia and insulinemia at 0`, 60` and 120`. In addition, glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, fasting and stimulated c-peptide, total cholesterol, as well as high- and low-density cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Insulin resistance was assessed by calculating HOMA-IR index. The following autoantibodies against pancreatic islet beta cells were determined in each child: ICA - antibodies against cytoplasmic antigens of pancreatic islets, GAD - antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase, ZnT8 - antibodies against zinc transporter, IA2 - antibodies against tyrosine phosphatase, IAA - antibodies against insulin. RESULTS The study group included 161 children (57.4% boys, mean age 13.1 ± 2.9 years) with simple obesity (mean BMI z-score +2.2 ± 1.6). Among them, 28 (17.4%) were diagnosed with impaired glucose metabolism during OGTT [23 (82.2%) - isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 3 (10.7%) - isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 2 (7.1%) - IFG and IGT]. Of the children tested, 28 (17.4%) were tested positive for at least one islet-specific autoantibody [with similar percentages in boys (15, 17.4%) and girls (13, 17.3%), p=0.9855], with ICA being the most common (positive in 18, 11.2%), followed by IAA (7, 4.3%), ZnT8 (5, 3.1%), GADA (3, 1.9%) and IA2 (1, 0.6%). There was no association between the presence of the tested antibodies and age, sex, stage of puberty, parameters assessing the degree of obesity, HbA1c, lipid levels and basal metabolic rate. However, autoantibody-positive subjects were more likely to present IFG or IGT in OGTT compared to those who tested completely negative (9, 32.1% vs 19, 14.3%, p=0.0280). Their HOMA-IR was also significantly higher (HOMA-IR: 4.3 ± 1.9 vs 3.4 ± 1.9, p=0.0203) and this difference remained statistically significant after adjusting for sex and age (p=0.0340). CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents with simple obesity presented a higher prevalence of markers of autoimmune response against pancreatic beta cells than the general population. Most often, they had only one type of antibody - ICA. The presence of autoimmune response indicators against pancreatic islet antigens is more common in obese patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism and is associated with lower insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Chylińska-Frątczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Maria Konopnicka University Pediatrics Center, Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona Pietrzak
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Iwona Pietrzak,
| | - Arkadiusz Michalak
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Krystyna Wyka
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szadkowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Sung KT, Kuo JY, Yun CH, Lin YH, Tsai JP, Lo CI, Hsiao CC, Lai YH, Tsai CT, Hou CJY, Su CH, Yeh HI, Chien CY, Hung TC, Hung CL. Association of Region-Specific Cardiac Adiposity With Dysglycemia and New-Onset Diabetes. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021921. [PMID: 34889106 PMCID: PMC9075230 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Visceral adipose tissue is assumed to be an important indicator for insulin resistance and diabetes beyond overweight/obesity. We hypothesized that region-specific visceral adipose tissue may regulate differential biological effects for new-onset diabetes regardless of overall obesity. Methods and Results We quantified various visceral adipose tissue measures, including epicardial adipose tissue, paracardial adipose tissue, interatrial fat, periaortic fat, and thoracic aortic adipose tissue in 1039 consecutive asymptomatic participants who underwent multidetector computed tomography. We explored the associations of visceral adipose tissue with baseline dysglycemic indices and new-onset diabetes. Epicardial adipose tissue, paracardial adipose tissue, interatrial fat, periaortic fat, and thoracic aortic adipose tissue were differentially and independently associated with dysglycemic indices (fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, HbA1c, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) beyond anthropometric measures. The superimposition of interatrial fat and thoracic aortic adipose tissue on age, sex, body mass index, and baseline homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance expanded the likelihood of baseline diabetes (from 67.2 to 86.0 and 64.4 to 70.8, P for ∆ ꭕ2: <0.001 and 0.011, respectively). Compared with the first tertile, the highest interatrial fat tertile showed a nearly doubled risk for new-onset diabetes (hazard ratio, 2.09 [95% CI, 1.38-3.15], P<0.001) after adjusting for Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index. Conclusions Region-specific visceral adiposity may not perform equally in discriminating baseline dysglycemia or diabetes, and showed differential predictive performance in new-onset diabetes. Our data suggested that interatrial fat may serve as a potential marker for new-onset diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Tzu Sung
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical MedicineNational Yang Ming Chao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yuan Kuo
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan.,MacKay Medicine Nursing, and Management College Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ho Yun
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,MacKay Medicine Nursing, and Management College Taipei Taiwan.,Division of Radiology MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hung Lin
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical MedicineNational Yang Ming Chao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jui-Peng Tsai
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Chi-In Lo
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Hsiao
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Lai
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,MacKay Medicine Nursing, and Management College Taipei Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ting Tsai
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan.,MacKay Medicine Nursing, and Management College Taipei Taiwan
| | - Charles Jia-Yin Hou
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan.,MacKay Medicine Nursing, and Management College Taipei Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Huang Su
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan.,MacKay Medicine Nursing, and Management College Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hung-I Yeh
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan.,MacKay Medicine Nursing, and Management College Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yen Chien
- Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan.,MacKay Medicine Nursing, and Management College Taipei Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Division Department of Surgery MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chuan Hung
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan.,MacKay Medicine Nursing, and Management College Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lieh Hung
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical SciencesMacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan
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Baig M, Gazzaz ZJ, Bakarman MA, Alzahrani SH. Correlation of Serum Vaspin, Omentin-1, and adiponectin with metabolic phenotypes in Type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. Pak J Med Sci 2021; 37:1762-1767. [PMID: 34912392 PMCID: PMC8613014 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.7.4330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate adipocytokines’ (vaspin, omentin-1, and adiponectin) correlation with metabolic phenotypes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods: This case-control research was done at the Diabetic Clinic in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), from November 2018 to March 2019. Seventy-five T2DM patients and 75 gender, age, and BMI-matched healthy subjects were recruited for this research. Results: In DM patients, the concentrations of serum vaspin and omentin-1 were substantially lower (p<0.001) than in the control group. A significant positive relationship between vaspin concentration and DBP (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), and waist circumference (p<0.001) was found in patients and control subjects, while FPG (p<0.016), serum insulin (p<0.001), HOMA-IR (p<0.001), TC (p<0.001), TG (p<0.001), and LDLc (p<0.001) were significantly interrelated among patients. Serum concentrations of omentin-1 and ADN were significantly negatively correlated with serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and TG among the DM group. Serum vaspin and ADN levels were significantly higher in the cases and control groups with BMI>25, and no gender-wise variance was observed in adipocytokines levels. Binary logistic regression analysis showed a significantly negative predictive relationship of vaspin and omentin-1 with DM. Conclusion: The DM group displayed substantially lower serum vaspin and omentin-1 levels. However, there was no consistent relationship observed between these adipocytokines and metabolic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtiar Baig
- Dr. Mukhtiar Baig, Ph.D. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohair J Gazzaz
- Dr. Zohair J Gazzaz, Ph.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan A Bakarman
- Dr. Marwan A Bakarman, FFCM. Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami H Alzahrani
- Dr. Sami H Alzahrani, SBFM Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Wang X, Chen S, Lv D, Li Z, Ren L, Zhu H, Xie X, Liu Y. Liraglutide suppresses obesity and promotes browning of white fat via miR-27b in vivo and in vitro. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211055059. [PMID: 34772311 PMCID: PMC8593297 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211055059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of liraglutide on the browning of white fat and the suppression of obesity via regulating microRNA (miR)-27b in vivo and in vitro. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat (HF) diet and 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated into mature white adipocytes. Rats and mature adipocytes were then treated with different doses of liraglutide. The mRNA and protein levels of browning-associated proteins, including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), CCAAT enhancer binding protein β (CEBPβ), cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A (CIDEA) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ-coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Results Liraglutide decreased body weight and reduced the levels of blood glucose, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in HF diet-fed rats. Liraglutide increased the levels of UCP1, PRDM16, CEBPβ, CIDEA and PGC-1α in vivo and vitro. The levels of miR-27b were upregulated in HF diet-fed rats, whereas liraglutide reduced the levels of miR-27b. In vitro, overexpression of miR-27b decreased the mRNA and protein levels of UCP1, PRDM16, CEBPβ, CIDEA and PGC-1α. Transfection with the miR-27b mimics attenuated the effect of liraglutide on the browning of white adipocytes. Conclusion Liraglutide induced browning of white adipose through regulation of miR-27b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.,Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.,Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.,Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zelin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.,Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Luping Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.,Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Haijiao Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.,Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.,Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.,Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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Karampetsou N, Tzani A, Doulamis IP, Bletsa E, Minia A, Pliaka V, Tsolakos N, Oikonomou E, Tousoulis D, Kontzoglou K, Alexopoulos LG, Perrea DN, Patapis P, Chloroyiannis IA. Epicardial adipocyte-derived TNF-α modulates local inflammation in patients with advanced coronary artery disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 20:87-93. [PMID: 34719373 DOI: 10.2174/1570161119666211029110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) surrounds the epicardium and can mediate harmful effects related to coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVE We explored the regional differences between adipose stores surrounding diseased and non-diseased segments of coronary arteries in patients with advanced CAD. METHODS We enrolled 32 patients with known CAD who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Inflammatory mediators were measured in EAT biopsies collected from a region of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) with severe stenosis (diseased segment) and without stenosis (non-diseased segment). RESULTS Mean age was 64.3±11.1 years, and mean EAT thickness was 7.4±1.9 mm. Dyslipidemia was the most prevalent comorbidity (81% of the patients). Out of a total of 11 cytokines, resistin (p=0.039), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) (p=0.020), C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL-5) (p=0.021), and follistatin (p=0.038) were significantly increased in the diseased compared with the non-diseased EAT segments. Indexed tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), defined as the diseased to non-diseased cytokine levels ratio, was significantly correlated with increased EAT thickness both in the whole cohort (p=0.043) and in a subpopulation of patients with dyslipidemia (p=0.009). Treatment with lipid-lowering agents significantly decreased indexed TNF-α levels (p=0.015). No significant alterations were observed in the circulating levels of these cytokines with respect to CAD-associated comorbidities. CONCLUSION Perivascular EAT is a source of cytokine secretion in distinct areas surrounding the coronary arteries in patients with advanced CAD. Adipocyte-derived TNF-α is a prominent mediator of local inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Karampetsou
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens. Greece
| | - Aspasia Tzani
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens. Greece
| | - Ilias P Doulamis
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens. Greece
| | - Evanthia Bletsa
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens. Greece
| | | | | | | | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- First Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens. Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Kontzoglou
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens. Greece
| | | | - Despoina N Perrea
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S Christeas", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens. Greece
| | - Paulos Patapis
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens. Greece
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43
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Beta cell function as an assessment tool for cardiovascular risk in patients with metabolic syndrome. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.847350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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44
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Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: a promising biomarker and therapeutic target. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1390-1400. [PMID: 33214697 PMCID: PMC8379181 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide and impose a tremendous socioeconomic burden on individuals as well as the healthcare system. Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) is a widely distributed transmembrane glycoprotein that can be proteolytically cleaved and secreted as irisin to regulate glycolipid metabolism and cardiovascular homeostasis. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the predictive and therapeutic role of FNDC5 in a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia, metabolic cardiomyopathy, cardiac remodeling, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and obesity.
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45
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Liu R, Meng J, Lou D. Adiponectin inhibits D‑gal‑induced cardiomyocyte senescence via AdipoR1/APPL1. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:719. [PMID: 34396435 PMCID: PMC8383031 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine whether adiponectin could inhibit cardiomyocyte senescence induced by D-galactose (D-gal), and whether it functioned via the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1)/adaptor protein phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 1 (APPL1) signaling pathway. For this purpose, the expression levels of adiponectin, AdipoR1 and APPL1 in mouse plasma and myocardial tissues were detected via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. An adiponectin-overexpression plasmid was transfected into D-gal-treated H9c2 cells prior to the detection of AdipoR1 and APPL1 expression by RT-qPCR. Senescence-associated β-galactose staining was then performed to observe cellular senescence following the transfection of small interfering RNAs (si) targeting AdipoR1 and APPL1 into D-gal-treated H9c2 cells overexpressing adiponectin. Commercial kits were used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the different groups. The expression levels of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were examined by western blot analysis. The results revealed that the expression levels of adiponectin, AdipoR1 and APPL1 were downregulated in aged mouse plasma, myocardial tissues and D-gal-treated cardiomyocytes. It was also observed that AdipoR1 and APPL1 expression levels were significantly upregulated following the overexpression of adiponectin into D-gal-treated cardiomyocytes. Moreover, adiponectin overexpression reduced cellular senescence induced by D-gal and the expression of p16 and p21; these effects were reversed following transfection with si-AdipoR1 and si-APPL1. Adiponectin also downregulated the levels of ROS and MDA in D-gal-treated H9c2 cells via AdipoR1/APPL1. Additionally, the release of HO-11/HMGB1 was affected by adiponectin via AdipoR1/APPL1, and adiponectin/AdipoR1/APPL1 suppressed ROS production via HO-1/HMGB1. On the whole, the present study demonstrated that adiponectin played an inhibitory role in cardiomyocyte senescence via the AdioR1/APPL1 signaling pathway and inhibited the levels of oxidative stress in senescent cardiomyocytes via the HO-1/HMGB1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Liu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiovascular, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Jing Meng
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Danfei Lou
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
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Dongiovanni P, Paolini E, Corsini A, Sirtori CR, Ruscica M. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease diagnoses and cardiovascular diseases: From epidemiology to drug approaches. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13519. [PMID: 33583033 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A consensus of experts has proposed to replace the term nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), whose global prevalence is 25%, with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), to describe more appropriately the liver disease related to metabolic derangements. MAFLD is closely intertwined with type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, all linked to a rise in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Since controversy still stands on whether or not NAFLD/MAFLD raises the odds of CVD, the present review aims to evaluate the impact of NAFLD/MAFLD aetiologies on CV health and the potential correction by dietary and drug approaches. RESULTS Epidemiological studies indicate that NAFLD raises risk of fatal or non-fatal CVD events. NAFLD patients have a higher prevalence of arterial plaques and stiffness, coronary calcification, and endothelial dysfunction. Although genetic and environmental factors strongly contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis, a Mendelian randomization analysis indicated that the PNPLA3 genetic variant leading to NAFLD may not be causally associated with CVD risk. Among other genetic variants related to NAFLD, TM6SF2 appears to be protective, whereas MBOAT7 may favour venous thromboembolism. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD is correlated to a higher CVD risk which may be ameliorated by dietary interventions. This is not surprising, since new criteria defining MAFLD include other metabolic risk abnormalities fuelling development of serious adverse extrahepatic outcomes, for example CVD. The present lack of a targeted pharmacological approach makes the identification of patients with liver disease at higher CVD risk (eg diabetes, hypertension, obesity or high levels of C-reactive protein) of major clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Paolini
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Multimedica IRCCS, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare R Sirtori
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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47
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Hall ME, Kipchumba R. HuR brings the heat: linking adipose tissue to cardiac dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H214-H216. [PMID: 34114893 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00305.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Hall
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Rodney Kipchumba
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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48
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The Mystery of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Early Concepts and Underlying Mechanisms to Novel Therapeutic Possibilities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115973. [PMID: 34205870 PMCID: PMC8198766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients are predisposed to diabetic cardiomyopathy, a specific form of cardiomyopathy which is characterized by the development of myocardial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and apoptosis that develops independently of concomitant macrovascular and microvascular diabetic complications. Its pathophysiology is multifactorial and poorly understood and no specific therapeutic guideline has yet been established. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a challenging diagnosis, made after excluding other potential entities, treated with different pharmacotherapeutic agents targeting various pathophysiological pathways that need yet to be unraveled. It has great clinical importance as diabetes is a disease with pandemic proportions. This review focuses on the potential mechanisms contributing to this entity, diagnostic options, as well as on potential therapeutic interventions taking in consideration their clinical feasibility and limitations in everyday practice. Besides conventional therapies, we discuss novel therapeutic possibilities that have not yet been translated into clinical practice.
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Ren J, Wu NN, Wang S, Sowers JR, Zhang Y. Obesity cardiomyopathy: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1745-1807. [PMID: 33949876 PMCID: PMC8422427 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of heart failure is on the rise and imposes a major health threat, in part, due to the rapidly increased prevalence of overweight and obesity. To this point, epidemiological, clinical, and experimental evidence supports the existence of a unique disease entity termed “obesity cardiomyopathy,” which develops independent of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and other heart diseases. Our contemporary review evaluates the evidence for this pathological condition, examines putative responsible mechanisms, and discusses therapeutic options for this disorder. Clinical findings have consolidated the presence of left ventricular dysfunction in obesity. Experimental investigations have uncovered pathophysiological changes in myocardial structure and function in genetically predisposed and diet-induced obesity. Indeed, contemporary evidence consolidates a wide array of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the etiology of obesity cardiomyopathy including adipose tissue dysfunction, systemic inflammation, metabolic disturbances (insulin resistance, abnormal glucose transport, spillover of free fatty acids, lipotoxicity, and amino acid derangement), altered intracellular especially mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, autophagy/mitophagy defect, myocardial fibrosis, dampened coronary flow reserve, coronary microvascular disease (microangiopathy), and endothelial impairment. Given the important role of obesity in the increased risk of heart failure, especially that with preserved systolic function and the recent rises in COVID-19-associated cardiovascular mortality, this review should provide compelling evidence for the presence of obesity cardiomyopathy, independent of various comorbid conditions, underlying mechanisms, and offer new insights into potential therapeutic approaches (pharmacological and lifestyle modification) for the clinical management of obesity cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ne N Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - James R Sowers
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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50
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Gum Arabic modifies anti-inflammatory cytokine in mice fed with high fat diet induced obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2020.100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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