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Cao J, Wang K, Shi Y, Pan Y, Lyu M, Ji Y, Zhang Y. Effects of personal and interpersonal factors on changes of food choices and physical activity among college students. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288489. [PMID: 37440487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health behaviors developed in the college years tend to persist in adulthood. However, distinct changing patterns of food choices and physical activity (PA) and their predictors are still less clear among college students. The current study sought to explore changes of food choices and PA, as well as the effects of personal and interpersonal factors. METHOD Two-wave longitudinal data was collected from a sample of 431 Chinese college students (Mean baseline age = 19.15 ± 0.61 years; 45.7% male). A validated self-reported food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of food choices. The Chinese revised version of physical activity rating scale was used to assess physical activity. Latent profile analysis, latent transition analysis, and multinomial logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Two profiles of food choices, i.e., Avoiding staples (5.1% at Time 1) and Varied diet (94.9% at Time 1), were identified at both timepoints. 90.9% remained the same profiles over time, 63.6% participants in the Avoiding staples profile shifted to the Varied diet profile, and only 6.3% of those in the Varied diet profile shifted to the Avoiding staples profile. Negative body shape-related belief was related to the translation from the Varied diet profile to the Avoiding staples profile. Further, four profiles of PA, i.e., Inactives (51.0% at Time 1), Low activies (26.0% at Time 1), Moderate activies (15.3% at Time 1), and Activies (7.7% at Time 1), were identified at both timepoints. 50.8% remained the same profiles over time, 38.6% Inactivies shifted to the other profiles, and 48.5% Activies shifted to the other profiles over time. Participants with higher self-efficacy showed an increase in PA over time, and those with lower self-efficacy and lower peer support showed a decrease in PA over time. CONCLUSIONS Overall, most of college students remained the same food choices profiles, and body shape-related belief contributed to changes in food choices profiles. About half of college students experienced changes in PA, and the predictors of such changes were peer support and self-efficacy. The findings extend the understanding of the personal and interpersonal predictors of health behaviors among college students from a dynamic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - YuHui Shi
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - YuQing Pan
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - MoHan Lyu
- Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ying Ji
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Ranneileng M, Nel M, Walsh CM. Impact of a nutrition education intervention on nutrition-related self-efficacy and locus of control among women in Lesotho. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1060119. [PMID: 37033040 PMCID: PMC10076845 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1060119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lesotho is one of the poorest countries in the world with high levels of food insecurity and malnutrition. The aim was to evaluate the impact of a nutrition education intervention informed by self-efficacy and locus of control theories among women in Lesotho. Methods A randomized pre-test-post-test design was adopted to implement a systematically designed nutrition education intervention in women from Maseru and Berea districts in Lesotho. Women from selected villages were randomly assigned to comparison and intervention groups. Baseline and post assessments were conducted before, and 6 months after the intervention. Nutrition-related self-efficacy and locus of control were assessed using a semi-structured knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices (KABP) questionnaire. Results At baseline, 444 women aged 19-60 years were included. After the intervention, 259 women in the comparison (n = 105) and intervention groups (n = 154) were interviewed. Self-efficacy beliefs that improved significantly in the intervention group but not in the comparison group included increased confidence that they could eat a healthy diet every day [95% CI for the percentage difference (61.5; 76.7)]; an improved ability to secure several healthy foods in the home; increased confidence in engaging in physical activity [95% CI (29.5; 46.6)]; reducing the amount of salt they used in food [95% CI (2.1; 14.0)]; and compiling a budget for food purchases [95% CI (56.1; 72.1)]. Regarding locus of control, the belief in a personal capacity to take charge of one's health through the production and consumption of healthy food improved in the intervention group [95% CI (12.4; 25.0)] but not in the comparison group [95% CI (15.9; 0.4)]. At follow-up, a significantly larger percentage of participants in the intervention group also believed that they could take control of their health and that they could prevent some illnesses by the food they eat. Conclusion A nutrition education intervention that is systematically planned and framed on selected theories of health behavior improved nutrition-related beliefs in self-efficacy and locus of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamotsamai Ranneileng
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Mariette Nel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Corinna May Walsh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Kouritzin T, Spence JC, Lee K. Food Intake and Food Selection Following Physical Relocation: A Scoping Review. Public Health Rev 2023; 44:1605516. [PMID: 36817863 PMCID: PMC9928753 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2023.1605516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To synthesize the current available evidence on the changes in food intake and food selection after physical relocation in non-refugee populations. Methods: The inclusion criteria were studies with a measurement of food selection and/or food intake in non-refugee populations where physical relocation had occurred with self-reported or objective assessment of the neighbourhood physical environment before and after relocation. Databases searched included MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and SCOPUS from 1946 to August 2022. Results: A total of four articles met the inclusion criteria. Overall, these studies gave longitudinal (n = 2) and cross-sectional (n = 2) evidence to suggest that moving to an urban neighbourhood with more convenience stores, cafés and restaurants around the home was associated with an increase in unhealthy food intake in adult populations. Additional factors such as income, vehicle access, cost, availability and perceptions of the local food environment played a role in shaping food selection and food intake. Conclusion: Four internal migration studies were found. The limited evidence base calls for more research. Future studies should include children and apply appropriate research designs to account for neighbourhood self-selection and concurrent life events. International migration studies should include assessment of neighbourhood physical environments pre- and post-relocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Kouritzin
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,*Correspondence: Trevor Kouritzin,
| | - John C. Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Solomou S, Logue J, Reilly S, Perez-Algorta G. A systematic review of the association of diet quality with the mental health of university students: implications in health education practice. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2023; 38:28-68. [PMID: 36441584 PMCID: PMC9853940 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
University students are at risk of experiencing mental health problems during the transition from home to university. This transition can also adversely affect their diet quality. This review aims to examine bidirectional associations from observational studies regarding the influence of diet quality on the mental health of university students, and vice versa. The databases PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched using relevant search terms. The searches were last updated on 15 July 2022. Majority of studies (36 out of 45) found that good diet quality of students was associated with better mental health in terms of depression, anxiety, stress and overall general mental well-being. Moreover, majority of studies (19 out of 23) found that stress and anxiety of students were associated with poorer diet quality. The effect sizes observed were generally small-moderate. Healthy diets of students have been associated with better mental health in terms of depression, anxiety, stress or other mental health issues. Stress experienced by university students has been associated with unhealthy diets. There are implications for health education research, as interventions to improve diet quality at the university level could reduce mental health issues; additionally, interventions to support students under stress may lead to healthier dietary habits when living on campuses. Randomized controlled trials and intervention studies are needed to further investigate these implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Logue
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Siobhan Reilly
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK
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Haghighatdoost F, Atefi M, Mohammadifard N, Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara R, Khosravi A, Mansourian M. The relationship between ultraprocessed food consumption and obesity indicators in Iranian adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2074-2085. [PMID: 35843797 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Food processing changes the nature of foods, and it is growing globally due to its availability and affordability and its effects on the palatability of foods. Consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) may adversely affect weight gain. The purpose of the current study is to examine the association between UPFs consumption and adiposity among Iranian adults. METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1459 Iranian adults (≥19 years). Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and foods were classified based on the NOVA system. Overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥25 and < 30, ≥30, respectively, and waist circumference (WC) ≥91 for women and WC ≥ 89 for men. The odds of general and abdominal obesity across the quartiles of UPFs were assessed by binary logistic regression. UPFs consumption contributed to 20.17% of daily energy intake. After adjustment for potential confounders, UPFs consumption was not associated with general or abdominal obesity. However, in the fully adjusted model, men in the top quartile of UPFs were twice as likely to be overweight compared with those in the bottom quartile (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.03, 4.10; P = 0.047). No association was found in women or stratified analysis by age. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest a sex-specific association between UPFs consumption and overweight. UPFs consumption might be associated with an increased risk of overweight in men, but no such association was found in women. Future cohort studies are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Haghighatdoost
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Atefi
- Food and Drug Deputy, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - N Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | | | - A Khosravi
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Mansourian
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Dolatabadi S, Bohlouli B, Amin M. Associations between Perceived Self-Efficacy and Oral Health Behaviours in Adolescents. Int J Dent Hyg 2022; 20:593-600. [PMID: 35920241 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-efficacy is a strong health predictor as it affects patients' certainty about their ability to perform recommended behaviours to improve their health. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between perceived self-efficacy and oral health behaviours among adolescents. METHODS A convenience sample of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old were recruited from University of Alberta dental clinic. Demographics, oral health behaviours, self-rated oral health, and task-specific and general self-efficacy were assessed using a questionnaire with three sections. For the comparisons of outcomes across different categories, Student t-test, multivariate regression, and chi-squared tests were used. RESULTS Total of 252 adolescents with average (SD) age of 14 (1.7) years participated in the study; 60% were girls; 81% were born in Canada; 56% were White; and 61% had dental coverage. Demographic characteristics had no significant correlation with general self-efficacy. However, correlation coefficients indicated that younger adolescents had higher dietary self-efficacy (negative correlation), girls had higher toothbrushing and dental visit self-efficacy, and those with dental coverage had higher dental visit self-efficacy. A significant association was found between toothbrushing, dietary habits, and dental visits self-efficacy (subscales of task-specific self-efficacy) and their respective outcomes (frequency of toothbrushing, sugar-intake, and regular dentist visits). General self-efficacy was significantly associated with frequency of toothbrushing and participant's self-rated oral health. CONCLUSION Higher task-specific and general self-efficacy correlated with better oral health behaviours among adolescents. Therefore, behavioural interventions should be designed to enhance self-efficacy among adolescents in order to improve their oral health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin Dolatabadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Babak Bohlouli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Maryam Amin
- Department of Dentistry & Dental Hygiene, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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The development and validation of a food chain engagement measurement scale. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rotvold A, Parker K, Honrath K, Rhee Y. Sleep and diet patterns of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-4. [PMID: 35728122 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2089850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: College students experience high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress during the academic year as they juggle the competing demands of young adulthood and their studies. The COVID-19 pandemic heightened this experience. Healthful diets and sleep patterns are associated with improved physical and mental well-being. Purpose: The goal of this study was to identify if there was a relationship between changes in sleep and diet during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A group of college students was surveyed online using Qualtrics software during the first two months of lockdown restrictions at a large, midwestern university in the United States. Results: More participants reported no changes in diet and increased hours of sleep than reported declines or improvements in diet, or reductions or retained sleep patterns. Participants who maintained their diet were likely to maintain their current sleep pattern. Conclusion: College students demonstrated resilience in healthful behaviors during the first two months of COVID-19 lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Rotvold
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kelly Parker
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kerrie Honrath
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Yeong Rhee
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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Cofre S, Perez V, Giuras N, Pino JL, Diaz C, Arguello G. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a questionnaire on eating habits and physical activity of university students in confinement due to coronavirus disease. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1-7. [PMID: 35356855 PMCID: PMC9273725 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate an online questionnaire to assess eating habits and physical activity of university students under confinement due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). DESIGN Generation of a cross-sectional online survey to university students conducted during confinement due to COVID-19. The study was divided into two phases. SETTINGS Students, Chile. PARTICIPANTS Phase 1 considered the process of translation and back translation, expert panel, cultural adaptation and the generation of a pilot to validate a preliminary format of the questionnaire. In Phase 2, information from the instrument was collected from two hundred and sixty-eight university students, ages 16 to 30 years old, with a mean age of 21·6 (3·3) The major proportion of participants were female (82 %). RESULTS The adapted questionnaire was statistically validated in three dimensions: (A) eating habits and behaviours during quarantine, (B) perception of risk and (C) physical activity changes during the quarantine. The reliability of Cronbach's α for dimensions A, B and C was 0·59, 0·85 and 0·97, respectively. The complete questionnaire obtained 0·61 in internal consistency and 0·61 (0·58-0·67) ICC reliability. A statistically significant positive correlation matrix was observed. CONCLUSIONS This questionnaire is a practical tool to obtain accurate information about the relation of COVID-19 confinement on people's eating habits and physical activity. Therefore, it could contribute to establishing appropriate strategies to prevent negative effects on people's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Cofre
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Victoria Perez
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Nicole Giuras
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Jose L Pino
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Chile
| | - Claudio Diaz
- Escuela de Trabajo Social, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Económicas, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Graciela Arguello
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Department of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Career, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Mohamad O, Al Sabbah H, Smail L, Hermena EW, Al Ghali R. Food Consumption Frequency, Perceived Stress, and Depressive Symptoms Among Female University Students in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.792631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThis study assessed whether perceived stress and depressive symptoms were associated with the frequency of consumption of specific food groups among female university students.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among female university students using a simple random sampling method. The response rate was 97%, with a total number of 385 participants. The associations between stress levels and most/least-consumed food groups, and between depressive symptoms levels and most/least-consumed food groups were assessed. The questionnaire included a 12-item self-administered food frequency questionnaire, Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. The study was approved by the University Ethical Committee prior to the data collection. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and an independent-sample t-test were performed to test the equality of population means across the categories of each independent variable depending on the number of categories of the independent variable.ResultsOverall, this group of female university students fell under the mild mood disturbance category (depressive symptoms) (BDI-II) and had moderate perceived stress (PSS). Perceived stress was associated with more frequent consumption of salad/raw vegetables and cooked vegetables and less frequent consumption of cake/cookies and meat/sausage products (p < 0.05). Additionally, depressive symptoms were associated with less frequent consumption of fresh fruits and increased consumption of fast food/canned food and soft drinks (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe data showed that stress and depression were associated with different dietary preferences, which is consistent with the distinctions between stress and depression in human behavior. Specifically, the results revealed associations between soft drinks consumption and higher depressive symptoms and between frequent consumption of salad/raw vegetables and cooked vegetables and higher perceived stress among this group of female university students.
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Influence of a Nutrigenetic Intervention on Self-Efficacy, Emotions, and Rewarding Behaviors in Unhealthy Eating among Mexicans: An Exploratory Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010213. [PMID: 35011088 PMCID: PMC8747616 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Genome-based Mexican (GENOMEX) diet is a strategy for preventing and managing obesity. Emotion and eating behavior in the context of a nutrigenetic intervention have not been thoroughly studied. We aimed to explore the influence of the GENOMEX diet on emotions, self-efficacy, and rewarding behaviors in unhealthy eating among subjects with risk factors for obesity-related chronic diseases. Twenty-eight subjects included in the six-month GENOMEX intervention answered questions regarding emotions that influence food consumption. Additionally, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Reward-based eating drive scale (RED) were applied. In the study, minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression were present in 46.4%, 39.3%, 10.7%, and 3.6%, respectively. RED did not change, but it correlated with a higher intake of fats (r2 = 0.684, β = 2.066, p = 0.003). Mood influenced unhealthy eating in 71.7% of subjects, and 76.9% experienced binge episodes triggered by anxiety. Sugars were the most consumed foods during binge episodes (42.2%). Both low self-efficacy levels and binge episodes were associated with high consumption of unhealthy foods. After the intervention, 10.7% of subjects reported a high level of self-efficacy. In conclusion, a culturally acceptable and genetically compatible regional Mexican food diet reduced negative emotions and unhealthy eating while increasing self-efficacy.
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Adolescent Self-Efficacy for Diet and Exercise Following a School-Based Multicomponent Lifestyle Intervention. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010097. [PMID: 35010972 PMCID: PMC8746524 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-efficacy is perhaps the most important parameter associated with behavioral changes. The main aim of this study was to provide insight into the diet and exercise self-efficacy of Greek adolescents and how they could be modified via a multilevel multicomponent school-based lifestyle intervention. Secondary aims were to study the associations of students’ dietary and exercise self-efficacy indices with their anthropometric and sociodemographic parameters. A representative sample of the adolescent population in Attica, consisting of 1610 adolescents aged 12–17 years, recruited from 23 public high schools in three municipalities of the Attica area in Greece, received a three-component lifestyle educational intervention for health promotion and underwent screening for characteristics of metabolic syndrome with the use of portable telemedicine. All assessments and anthropometric measurements were performed at baseline and after the 6-month intervention. Anthropometric measurements included body mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Assessment tools included the Self-efficacy for Diet and the Self-efficacy for Exercise questionnaires, as well as the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in Children and Adolescents (KIDMED). Analysis included 1020 adolescent students (421 males and 599 females), who completed the self-efficacy questionnaires pre- and post-intervention. Overall, the dietary (p < 0.001) and exercise (p < 0.001) self-efficacy increased significantly post-intervention. Post-intervention, all adolescents decreased their abdominal obesity indices (WC, WHtR, WHR), and this improvement was even more pronounced and significant (p = 0.019, p = 0.019, p = 0.023 respectively) in the adolescents with overweight/obesity. Post-intervention, the proportion of adolescents with normal weight increased from 73.9% to 78.6%, whereas the proportion of adolescents with overweight and obesity decreased from 20.4% to 15.9% and from 5.7% to 5.5%, respectively. Abdominal obesity also decreased from 10.4% to 9.0%. Female adolescents achieved significantly (p = 0.010) higher changes in diet self-efficacy than males. Other sociodemographic characteristics such as family structure, parental age, parental educational level and family income showed non-significant differences. Adolescents with higher KIDMED scores manifested significantly higher dietary and exercise self-efficacy than those with lower KIDMED scores. Both adolescents with normal weight and overweight/obesity manifested a reciprocal relation between diet and exercise self-efficacy. Multicomponent lifestyle interventions in the school environment may provide a first step in students’ behavior changes and provide grounds for future prevention programs in youth.
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Khaled K, Hundley V, Tsofliou F. Poor Dietary Quality and Patterns Are Associated with Higher Perceived Stress among Women of Reproductive Age in the UK. Nutrients 2021; 13:2588. [PMID: 34444749 PMCID: PMC8399887 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between stress and diet quality/patterns among women of reproductive age in UK. In total, 244 reproductive aged women participated in an online survey consisting of the European Prospective into Cancer and Nutrition food frequency questionnaire in addition to stress, depression, physical-activity, adiposity, and socioeconomic questions. An a-priori diet quality index was derived by assessing the adherence to Alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMD). A-posteriori dietary-patterns (DPs) were explored through factor analysis. Regression models were used to assess the predictors of the DPs. Participants mainly had medium (n = 113) aMD adherence. Higher stress levels were reported by participants with low aMD adherence. Participants with high aMD adherence were of normal BMI. Factor analysis revealed three DPs: fats and oils, sugars, snacks, alcoholic-beverages, red/processed meat, and cereals (DP-1), fish and seafood, eggs, milk and milk-products (DP-2), and fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds (DP-3). Regression models showed that DP-1 was positively associated with stress (p = 0.005) and negatively with age (p = 0.004) and smoking (p = 0.005). DP-2 was negatively associated with maternal educational-level (p = 0.01) while DP-3 was negatively associated with stress (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.001), and white ethnicity (p = 0.01). Stress was negatively associated with healthy diet quality/patterns among reproductive aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Khaled
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK;
| | - Vanora Hundley
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK;
| | - Fotini Tsofliou
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK;
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK;
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Lopes Cortes M, Andrade Louzado J, Galvão Oliveira M, Moraes Bezerra V, Mistro S, Souto Medeiros D, Arruda Soares D, Oliveira Silva K, Nicolaevna Kochergin C, Honorato dos Santos de Carvalho VC, Wildes Amorim W, Serrate Mengue S. Unhealthy Food and Psychological Stress: The Association between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Perceived Stress in Working-Class Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3863. [PMID: 33917015 PMCID: PMC8103503 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultra-processed foods are industrial formulations made from food extracts or constituents with little or no intact food and often containing additives that confer hyper-palatability. The consumption of these products increases the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Stressed people may engage in unhealthy eating as a way to cope. This study aimed to verify whether ultra-processed food consumption was associated with perceived stress levels in industrial and retail workers from Vitoria da Conquista, Brazil. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study carried out between July 2017 and August 2018. During the study period, 1270 participants completed a survey administered by an interviewer. Stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale. Information regarding weekly ultra-processed food consumption was collected. Ultra-processed foods were classified into four groups: sugary drinks; sugary foods; fast foods; and canned foods, frozen foods, or processed meat. The Student's t-test or one-way analysis of variance was used to assess the differences in stress levels and ultra-processed food consumption. Ordinal regression was used to determine the association between the degrees of stress and ultra-processed food consumption levels. RESULTS Factors such as a young age, being unmarried, smoking, high-risk alcohol consumption, negative health perception, and high perceived stress level indicated higher rates of ultra-processed food consumption. Ordinal regression analysis showed that high stress levels were associated with increased odds of higher ultra-processed food consumption (odds ratio: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.54-2.45). CONCLUSIONS These findings could help identify appropriate target areas for interventions aimed at mental health promotion and healthier food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Lopes Cortes
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - José Andrade Louzado
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Marcio Galvão Oliveira
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Vanessa Moraes Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Sóstenes Mistro
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Danielle Souto Medeiros
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Daniela Arruda Soares
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Kelle Oliveira Silva
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Clávdia Nicolaevna Kochergin
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Vivian Carla Honorato dos Santos de Carvalho
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Welma Wildes Amorim
- Department of Natural Sciences, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Estrada Bem Querer, Km-04, 3293, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45083-900 Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Sotero Serrate Mengue
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Bairro Santa Cecilia, 90035-002 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;
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Moore JB, Jee S, Kemper BJ, Maddock JE, Li R. Association Between Social Isolation and Eating Alone on Foods Consumed by Chinese Adolescents. JOURNAL OF HEALTHY EATING AND ACTIVE LIVING 2021; 1:74-83. [PMID: 37789910 PMCID: PMC10544925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly affecting Chinese adolescents due to trends in unhealthy eating, including lower fruit and vegetable consumption and increased consumption of processed foods. A cross-sectional study of adolescents was conducted in Wuhan, China, in October 2019 that included measurements of perceived social isolation, eating when anxious or depressed, diet composition, body weight, and height. Social isolation, eating when sad or anxious, and eating alone were significant predictors of processed food and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, although only eating when sad or anxious was a significant predictor of fruit and vegetable consumption. Eating when anxious or depressed did not mediate these relationships. Social isolation was associated with consumption of processed foods and sugar-sweetened beverages by boys, but not by girls, and only eating home-cooked dinner was associated with fruit and vegetable consumption by female adolescents. Eating when sad or anxious, eating alone, and eating home-cooked meals were all associated with fruit and vegetable consumption among male adolescents. The effects of social isolation, anxiety, and depression could act to increase unhealthy eating through several mechanisms potentially mediated by chronic stress, while eating alone could also act to increase unhealthy eating due to effects of self-efficacy and food availability. The interplay between diet and outside factors, including environment, social factors, and personal psychology specific to Chinese adolescents needs to be better understood to develop comprehensive interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Moore
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - SangHo Jee
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Brett J. Kemper
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Rui Li
- Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei,
China
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Dobson P, Burney R, Hales D, Vaughn A, Tovar A, Østbye T, Ward D. Self-Efficacy for Healthy Eating Moderates the Impact of Stress on Diet Quality Among Family Child Care Home Providers. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:309-315. [PMID: 33838763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations of stress and sleep with diet quality of family child care home (FCCH) providers, and whether self-efficacy for healthy eating influences these associations. DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis was performed using baseline data (2013-2015) from a randomized control trial with FCCH providers. PARTICIPANTS The study included 166 licensed FCCH providers, aged >18 years, from central North Carolina. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Diet quality was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire, used to calculate a modified 2010-Healthy Eating Index score. Stress, sleep quality, and diet self-efficacy were measured via self-administered questionnaires. ANALYSIS Using observations from 158 participants with complete data, multiple linear regression models were created to assess whether stress, sleep quality, and diet self-efficacy were associated with diet quality and whether diet self-efficacy moderated these associations (significance set at P < 0.05). RESULTS In the initial model, only diet self-efficacy was significantly associated with diet quality (β = 0.32; P < 0.001). Moderation analyses showed that higher stress was associated with lower diet quality, but only when diet self-efficacy was low. CONCLUSIONS Building FCCH providers' self-efficacy for healthy eating is an important component of health promotion and can buffer the impact of stress on their diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Dobson
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Regan Burney
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Derek Hales
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Amber Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Alison Tovar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Truls Østbye
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Dianne Ward
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
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17
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Bin Mugren M, Al Turki Y. Perceived stress and eating behavior among residents in a teaching hospital. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:4047-4053. [PMID: 35136766 PMCID: PMC8797111 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_680_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Zangara MT, Bhesania N, Liu W, Cresci GAM, Kurowski JA, McDonald C. Impact of Diet on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Symptoms: An Adolescent Viewpoint. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2020; 2:otaa084. [PMID: 36777758 PMCID: PMC9802055 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary modification shows promise as therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, it is unknown whether adolescents are interested in a dietary approach. Methods Cross-sectional survey of adolescents with IBD ages 14-21 on disease knowledge, dietary habits, and perceptions of diet therapy. Results A total of 132 subjects (48.5% female), mean age of 17.8 years and median disease length of 5 years (range 0, 16), completed the survey. Diet was perceived as a symptom trigger by 59.8% of subjects, and 45.4% had tried using diet as a treatment for symptom resolution, often without physician supervision and with limited success. Subjects experiencing active disease symptoms as determined by Manitoba IBD Index were more likely to be currently modifying their diet compared to subjects without active disease symptoms (odds ratio = 4.11, confidence interval = 1.58, 10.73, P = 0.003). Conclusions Adolescents with IBD perceive a relationship between diet and disease symptoms and are interested in dietary modification as a symptom management option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan T Zangara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Natalie Bhesania
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gail A M Cresci
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacob A Kurowski
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine McDonald
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Address correspondence to: Christine McDonald, PhD, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195 ()
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19
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Khaled K, Tsofliou F, Hundley V, Helmreich R, Almilaji O. Perceived stress and diet quality in women of reproductive age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J 2020; 19:92. [PMID: 32859204 PMCID: PMC7456060 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00609-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor diet quality is associated with obesity-related morbidity and mortality. Psychological stress can increase unhealthy dietary choices, but evidence pertinent to women of reproductive age remains unclear. This paper systematically reviewed the literature to determine the association between psychological stress and diet quality in women of reproductive age. METHODS Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Sciencedirect were searched. Data extraction was determined by the PEO. Inclusion criteria consisted of: English language, stress (exposure) measured in combination with diet quality (outcome), healthy women of reproductive age (18-49 years old (population)). Observational studies, due to the nature of the PEO, were included. Quality assessment used the Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies from the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effect model to estimate the Fisher's z transformed correlation between stress and diet quality with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS From 139,552 hits, 471 papers were screened; 24 studies met the inclusion criteria and were conducted in different countries: 8 studies on diet quality and 16 on food intake and frequency of consumption. Studies of diet quality consisted of six cross-sectional and two longitudinal designs with a total of 3982 participants. Diet quality was measured with diverse indices; Alternate Healthy Eating Index (n = 2), Healthy Eating Index (n = 2), Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet Index (n = 2), Dietary Quality Index- Pregnancy (n = 2), and Dietary Guideline Adherence Index (n = 1). Most studies used Cohen's perceived stress scale and no study measured biological stress response. After sensitivity analysis, only 5 studies (3471 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed a significant negative association between stress and diet quality with substantial heterogeneity between studies (r = - 0.35, 95% CI [- 0.56; - 0.15], p value < 0.001, Cochran Q test P < 0.0001, I2 = 93%). The 16 studies of food intake and frequency of consumption were very heterogeneous in the outcome measure and were not included in the meta-analysis. These studies showed that stress was significantly associated with unhealthy dietary patterns (high in fat, sweets, salt, and fast food and low in fruits, vegetables, fish, and unsaturated fats). CONCLUSION Future studies that explore diet quality/patterns should include both diet indices and factor analysis and measure biological markers of stress and dietary patterns simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Khaled
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH1 3LT UK
| | - Fotini Tsofliou
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH1 3LT UK
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH1 3LT UK
| | - Vanora Hundley
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH1 3LT UK
| | - Rebecca Helmreich
- Department of Graduate Studies, Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Orouba Almilaji
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH1 3LT UK
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Stammers L, Wong L, Brown R, Price S, Ekinci E, Sumithran P. Identifying stress-related eating in behavioural research: A review. Horm Behav 2020; 124:104752. [PMID: 32305343 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a commonly reported precipitant of overeating. Understanding the relationship between stress and food intake is important, particularly in view of the increasing prevalence of obesity. The purpose of this review is to examine how stress-related eating has been defined and measured in the literature to date. There are no established diagnostic criteria or gold standards for quantification of stress-related eating. Questionnaires relying on the accuracy of self-report are the mainstay of identifying people who tend to eat in response to stress and emotions. There is a paucity of clinical research linking objective measurements of stress and appetite with self-reported eating behaviour. Limitations of the methodological approaches used and the heterogeneity between studies leave significant knowledge gaps in our understanding of the mechanism of stress related eating, and how best to identify it. These issues are discussed, and areas for further research are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Stammers
- Department of Medicine (Austin), University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lisa Wong
- Department of Medicine (Austin), University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Robyn Brown
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sarah Price
- Department of Medicine (Austin), University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Elif Ekinci
- Department of Medicine (Austin), University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine (Austin), University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Victoria, Australia.
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21
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Navarro-Mateu D, Alonso-Larza L, Gómez-Domínguez MT, Prado-Gascó V, Valero-Moreno S. I'm Not Good for Anything and That's Why I'm Stressed: Analysis of the Effect of Self-Efficacy and Emotional Intelligence on Student Stress Using SEM and QCA. Front Psychol 2020; 11:295. [PMID: 32231608 PMCID: PMC7082421 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress negatively affects the well-being and the quality of life of the society. Specifically in the academic context, it is relevant to analyze its levels due to its impact on performance and learning. There are factors that affect the said stress including, among others, self-efficacy, and emotional intelligence. The purpose of this study is to analyze how emotional intelligence and perceived self-efficacy affect student stress. In order to show this influence, two complementary methodologies are implemented: the structural equation models (SEMs) and the comparative qualitative analysis (QCA). A total of 477 students (85% of women) from a private University of Valencia participated in the study, with ages ranging from 18 to 53 years old (M = 21.57, SD = 3.68). The assessment instruments used were as follows: Emotional Intelligence Scale (TMMS-24) to measure emotional intelligence; General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSS) to measure self-efficacy; and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to measure stress. The results in the SEM endorse the hypotheses that emotional clarity and self-efficacy are negatively related to stress and positively related to emotional attention (EA), explaining 25% of the variance. The QCA results show that none of the variables is a necessary condition for inducing stress. Nevertheless, different combinations of these variables are sufficient conditions to explain 35% of the high stress levels. The most important combination over high stress levels seems to be the interaction between high levels of EA and low levels of self-efficacy. Regarding the low levels of perceived stress, there are sufficient conditions to explain 50% of them. Mainly, the most important interaction is between low levels of self-efficacy and low levels of EA. The comparison of both methodologies enables the broadening of new horizons at the methodological level applicable to different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Navarro-Mateu
- Department of Educational Psychology and Special Educational Needs, Faculty of Psychology, Teaching and Educational Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucía Alonso-Larza
- Department of Educational Psychology and Special Educational Needs, Faculty of Psychology, Teaching and Educational Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Teresa Gómez-Domínguez
- Department of Educational Psychology and Special Educational Needs, Faculty of Psychology, Teaching and Educational Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Prado-Gascó
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Selene Valero-Moreno
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Body weight status, perceived stress, and emotional eating among US Army Soldiers: A mediator model. Eat Behav 2020; 36:101367. [PMID: 32018191 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In civilians, overweight and obesity are associated with emotional eating behaviors such as eating in response to stress, but this association has not been examined in Soldiers, a population with unique stressors. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between perceived stress (PS), emotional eating (EE), and outcomes of body mass index (BMI), and failing Army body composition (BC) standards among Soldiers. METHODS Soldiers (N = 1460, 83% male, 23.5 ± 5.2 years old) completed validated surveys on PS, EE, and adherence with military BC standards. Conditional process models and mediation models tested gender as a moderator and EE as a mediator of associations between PS and BMI and PS and BC failure, respectively. RESULTS Higher PS was associated with more frequent self-reported EE behaviors (p < 0.001), higher BMI (p < 0.001), and BC failure (p < 0.001). BMI significantly increased with frequency of reported EE behaviors (p < 0.001). Gender was not a statistically significant moderator in the relationship between PS, EE, and, BMI (p = 0.83) or BC failure (p = 0.57). PS appears to affect BMI indirectly through EE behaviors (c' = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.04). PS may affect BC failure directly (c' = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.08) and indirectly (ab = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03) through EE as a mediator. CONCLUSIONS EE behaviors may mediate the positive association between PS, BMI, and BC failure. Prospective investigation is warranted to better understand the role of EE in health-related outcomes among Soldiers and populations in high stress professions.
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Mackenzie SG, Davies AR. SHARE IT: Co-designing a sustainability impact assessment framework for urban food sharing initiatives. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW 2019; 79:106300. [PMID: 31787793 PMCID: PMC6876643 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2019.106300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Urban food systems must undergo a significant transformation if they are to avoid impeding the achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goals. One reconfiguration with claimed sustainability benefits is ICT-mediated food sharing - an umbrella term used to refer to technologically-augmented collective or collaborative practices around growing, cooking, eating and redistributing food - which some argue improves environmental efficiencies by reducing waste, providing opportunities to make or save money, building social networks and generally enhancing well-being. However, most sustainability claims for food sharing have not been evidenced by systematically collected and presented data. In this paper we document our response to this mismatch between claims and evidence through the development of the SHARECITY sustainability Impact assessment Toolkit (SHARE IT); a novel Sustainability Impact Assessment (SIA) framework which has been co-designed with food sharing initiatives to better indicate the impact of food-sharing initiatives in urban food systems. We demonstrate that while several SIA frameworks have been developed to evaluate food systems at the urban scale, they contain few measures that specifically account for impacts of the sharing that initiatives undertake. The main body of the paper focuses on the co-design process undertaken with food sharing initiatives based in Dublin and London. Attention is paid to how two core goals were achieved: 1) the identification of a coherent SIA framework containing appropriate indicators for the activities of food sharing initiatives; and 2) the development of an open access online toolkit for in order to make SIA reporting accessible for food sharing initiatives. In conclusion, the co-design process revealed a number of technical and conceptual challenges, but it also stimulated creative responses to these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G. Mackenzie
- Department of Geography, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Guo J, Yang J, Wiley J, Ou X, Zhou Z, Whittemore R. Perceived stress and self-efficacy are associated with diabetes self-management among adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A moderated mediation analysis. J Adv Nurs 2019; 75:3544-3553. [PMID: 31441523 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were to: (a) determine if self-efficacy mediates the relationship between perceived stress and diabetes self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D); and (b) explore whether perceived stress moderated the self-efficacy and diabetes self-management relationship. DESIGN Non-experimental, descriptive correlational design, conducted from January-December 2016. METHODS Guided by the Adaptation to Diabetes framework, data on demographic and clinical characteristics, perceived stress, self-efficacy and diabetes self-management were collected. Descriptive analyses and regression analyses were generated by SPSS Version 22. Structural equation modelling was implemented with the MPlus program. RESULTS There was no direct effect of perceived stress on diabetes self-management; however, self-efficacy mediated the relationship between perceived stress and diabetes self-management. Adolescents who had high self-efficacy and low perceived stress demonstrated better diabetes care activities and diabetes communication than would be predicted from the main effects of self-efficacy and perceived stress alone. CONCLUSIONS Decreasing perceived stress and improving self-efficacy are important strategies to improve diabetes self-management in adolescents with T1D. IMPACT Adolescents with T1D experience considerable stress with daily self-management demands. This study highlights the mediating role of self-efficacy on perceived stress and diabetes self-management. Assessment of perceived stress and self-efficacy in self-management tasks in adolescents with T1D may help nurses individualize self-management education and support. Incorporating strategies to promote stress management and self-efficacy in diabetes education may also improve diabetes self-management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jundi Yang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - James Wiley
- School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Xiancai Ou
- School of Business, XingJian College of Science and Liberal Arts of Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Diabetes Center, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Bani-Issa W, Dennis CL, Brown HK, Ibrahim A, Almomani FM, Walton LM, Al-Shujairi AM. The Influence of Parents and Schools on Adolescents' Perceived Diet and Exercise Self-Efficacy: A School-Based Sample From the United Arab Emirates. J Transcult Nurs 2019; 31:479-491. [PMID: 31559915 DOI: 10.1177/1043659619876686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In the United Arab Emirates, an alarming rate of 19% obesity among adolescents, associated with poor lifestyle, is apparent. Diet and exercise self-efficacy could influence adolescents' engagement in healthy behaviors. This study evaluates adolescents' perceptions of diet and exercise self-efficacy and explores the impact of parents and schools on self-efficacy. Method: A cluster sampling approach in cross-sectional design was used to recruit 610 school adolescents (Grades 7-12) over a 6-month period. Information on sociodemographics, lifestyle, parents, and schools was explored. Self-efficacy was assessed using The Eating Habits and Exercise Confidence Survey. Results: Participants reported moderate diet and exercise self-efficacy. Diet self-efficacy was predicted by parental support, eating breakfast and meals regularly at home, and prohibiting soft drinks. School support and frequency of weekly exercise classes predicted exercise self-efficacy; p values ≤.05. Discussion: Cultural knowledge and collaboration are essential to promote self-efficacy in multiethnic adolescents in the United Arab Emirates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wegdan Bani-Issa
- Health Promotion Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Hilary K Brown
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Ibrahim
- The American University in the Emirates, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Lori Maria Walton
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arwa M Al-Shujairi
- Health Promotion Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Almogbel E, Aladhadh AM, Almotyri BH, Alhumaid AF, Rasheed N. Stress Associated Alterations in Dietary Behaviours of Undergraduate Students of Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2182-2188. [PMID: 31456849 PMCID: PMC6698097 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Psychological stress associated eating habits among public health have now become a global concern. AIM: This study was undertaken to investigate the levels of psychological stress among undergraduate students of Qassim University and to explore the stress associated alterations in their eating habits. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional survey conducted on 614 undergraduate students of Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was used, which included questions on socio-demography and eating habits. Level of stress was measured by a standardised questionnaire highlights the levels of non-chronic stimulation through difficulty relaxing, nervous arousal and being easily upset/agitated, irritable / over-reactive and impatient. RESULTS: Our results show that 28.2% of total participants suffered from some extent of stress. Among stressed participants, 17.3%, 49.1%, 24.8% and 8.7% of participants suffered from mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe stress, respectively. Stressed participants were more preferred to eat junk foods such as fast foods, snacks and beverages as compared with unstressed participants (p < 0.05) and the junk food preference was increased with the increase of stress levels. Moreover, non-stressed participants preferred more healthy foods such as vegetarian food, fresh fruits as compared with stressed participants (p < 0.05). Taste and easy to access were the main reasons for the preference of junk foods by the stressed participants. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first comprehensive study from Saudi Arabia to show stress associated dietary alterations in undergraduates of Qassim University. Data concluded that most of the young adults followed a healthy eating pattern, but a significant number from them were affected by stress. Therefore, specific intervention programs are strongly recommended for the reduction of stress and to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehal Almogbel
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, KSA
| | | | | | - Ahmad F Alhumaid
- Research Center, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, KSA
| | - Naila Rasheed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, KSA
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Lyzwinski LN, Caffery L, Bambling M, Edirippulige S. The Relationship Between Stress and Maladaptive Weight-Related Behaviors in College Students: A Review of the Literature. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2018.1449683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Abstract
Objectives Different studies have reported the association between perceived stress and unhealthy diet choices. We aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between perceived stress and fat intake among undergraduate medical students. Methods/Principal findings A cross-sectional study was performed including first-year medical students. The outcome of interest was the self-report of fat intake assessed using the Block Screening Questionnaire for Fat Intake (high vs. low intake), whereas the exposure was perceived stress (low/normal vs. high levels). The prevalence of high fat intake was estimated and the association of interest was determined using prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Models were created utilizing Poisson regression with robust standard errors. Data from 523 students were analyzed, 52.0% female, mean age 19.0 (SD 1.7) years. The prevalence of high fat intake was 42.4% (CI: 38.2%–46.7%). In multivariate model and compared with those with lowest levels of stress, those in the middle (PR = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.20–2.12) and highest (PR = 1.92; 95%CI: 1.46–2.53) categories of perceived stress had greater prevalence of fat intake. Gender was an effect modifier of this association (p = 0.008). Conclusions Greater levels of perceived stress were associated with higher fat intake, and this association was stronger among males. More than 40% of students reported having high fat consumption. Our results suggest the need to implement strategies that promote decreased fat intake.
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Stress, Anxiety, and Weight Gain among University and College Students: A Systematic Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:261-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
This study was to identify the role of demographics and social support from family and friends in predicting self-efficacy for a healthy diet and healthy dietary practices. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 112 Korean American adults in the southwestern United States. Most were college educated (85.3%), with mean age of 54.0 (± 10.6), and women (66.4%). The findings indicate that gender and education played a moderating role between family support and self-efficacy for a healthy diet, whereas age and education were moderators between support from family and friends and healthy dietary practices. Diet interventions tailored to demographic subgroups may increase self-efficacy, promote healthy dietary practices, and ultimately contribute to a reduction in the rates of critical health conditions and health costs in the community.
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Hall L, Tejada-Tayabas LM, Monárrez-Espino J. Breakfast Skipping, Anxiety, Exercise, and Soda Consumption are Associated with Diet Quality in Mexican College Students. Ecol Food Nutr 2017; 56:218-237. [PMID: 28328235 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2017.1299010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTEACT Despite the reported poor dietary habits and risk of weight gain in college students, they remain understudied in Mexico. Mexican college students are in a rapidly changing economic environment; a shift from a traditional, homemade cuisine to a diet more heavily influenced by an industrialized culture seems to be occurring, potentially affecting the quality of their dietary intake. A health and nutrition survey was conducted among 450 Mexican college students to study the relationship between sociodemographic factors and diet quality. Dietary data were used to build macro- and micronutrient scores, dichotomized as low and normal quality. Adjusted odds (OR [95% CI]) were computed to determine the probability of low dietary quality. Breakfast skipping (5.3 [1.2, 22.7]) and risk of anxiety (2.3 [1.3, 4.4]) were associated with a greater risk of low macronutrient quality, and caloric intake < 1,800 kcal (5.8 [3.5, 9.7]), breakfast skipping (3.7 [1.4, 10.3]), vigorous exercise ≤ 1 h/wk (2.6 [1.3, 5.2]), and soda consumption > 250 mL/d (2.0 [1.2, 3.3]) with low micronutrient quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hall
- a Karolinska Institutet, Department of Public Health Sciences , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Luz María Tejada-Tayabas
- b San Luis Potosí Autonomous University , Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition , San Luis Potosí , Mexico
| | - Joel Monárrez-Espino
- a Karolinska Institutet, Department of Public Health Sciences , Stockholm , Sweden.,b San Luis Potosí Autonomous University , Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition , San Luis Potosí , Mexico
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Louzada MLDC, Baraldi LG, Steele EM, Martins APB, Canella DS, Moubarac JC, Levy RB, Cannon G, Afshin A, Imamura F, Mozaffarian D, Monteiro CA. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity in Brazilian adolescents and adults. Prev Med 2015; 81:9-15. [PMID: 26231112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity indicators among Brazilian adults and adolescents. METHODS We used cross-sectional data on 30,243 individuals aged ≥10 years from the 2008-2009 Brazilian Dietary Survey. Food consumption data were collected through 24-h food records. We classified food items according to characteristics of food processing. Ultra-processed foods were defined as formulations made by the food industry mostly from substances extracted from foods or obtained with the further processing of constituents of foods or through chemical synthesis, with little if any whole food. Examples included candies, cookies, sugar-sweetened beverages, and ready-to-eat dishes. Regression models were fitted to evaluate the association of the consumption of ultra-processed foods (% of energy intake) with body-mass-index, excess weight, and obesity status, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, smoking, and physical activity. RESULTS Ultra-processed foods represented 30% of the total energy intake. Those in the highest quintile of consumption of ultra-processed foods had significantly higher body-mass-index (0.94 kg/m(2); 95% CI: 0.42,1.47) and higher odds of being obese (OR=1.98; 95% CI: 1.26,3.12) and excess weight (OR=1.26; 95% CI: 0.95,1.69) compared with those in the lowest quintile of consumption. CONCLUSION Our findings support the role of ultra-processed foods in the obesity epidemic in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura da Costa Louzada
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 2° floor, São Paulo 01246-907, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, S27, São Paulo 01246-907, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Galastri Baraldi
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 2° floor, São Paulo 01246-907, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, S27, São Paulo 01246-907, Brazil.
| | - Euridice Martinez Steele
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 2° floor, São Paulo 01246-907, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, S27, São Paulo 01246-907, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Bortoletto Martins
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, S27, São Paulo 01246-907, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Silva Canella
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, S27, São Paulo 01246-907, Brazil.
| | - Jean-Claude Moubarac
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, S27, São Paulo 01246-907, Brazil.
| | - Renata Bertazzi Levy
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, S27, São Paulo 01246-907, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, S27, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Geoffrey Cannon
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, S27, São Paulo 01246-907, Brazil.
| | - Ashkan Afshin
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK.
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
| | - Carlos Augusto Monteiro
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 2° floor, São Paulo 01246-907, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, S27, São Paulo 01246-907, Brazil.
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Doo M, Kim Y. Association Between Subjective Stress and Cardiovascular Diseases in Korean Population. J Lipid Atheroscler 2015. [DOI: 10.12997/jla.2015.4.2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miae Doo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yangha Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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