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Hong X, Pan X. Exosome-Derived MicroRNA-221-3p Desensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to Adriamycin by Regulating PIK3r1-Mediated Glycose Metabolism. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2024; 39:463-475. [PMID: 38529940 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2023.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer-derived exosomes facilitate chemoresistance by transferring RNAs, yet their role in exosomal microRNA-221-3p (miR-221-3p) regulation of adriamycin resistance in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. Methods: Adriamycin-resistant BC cells were developed from MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells by incremental adriamycin exposure. The miR-221-3p levels were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, exosomes were isolated and incubated with BC cells, and exosome-mediated adriamycin sensitivity was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays. Sensitive cells were cocultured with miR-221-3p inhibitor-treated cells to assess adriamycin resistance. Moreover, the interaction between miR-221-3p and phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1) was validated using a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Mimics and inhibitors were used to determine the effects of miR-221-3p on adriamycin resistance. Results: Elevated levels of miR-221-3p expression were observed in adriamycin-resistant BC cells and exosomes. Sensitive cells were cocultured with exosomes from resistant cells, resulting in increased half-maximal inhibitory concentration value and proliferation, and reduced adriamycin-induced apoptosis. However, the effects of coculturing sensitive cells with adriamycin-resistant cells were significantly weakened by miR-221-3p inhibitor transfection in adriamycin-resistant cells. PIK3R1 was found to be a target of miR-221-3p, and miR-221-3p mimics enhanced adriamycin resistance in sensitive cells. miR-221-3p inhibitors increased the expression of PIK3R1, p-AKT, c-Myc, HK2, and PKM2, decreased FOXO3 expression, and weakened the adriamycin resistance in resistant cells. Conclusions: miR-221-3p can be transferred between BC cells through exosomes. High levels of miR-221-3p were found to target PIK3R1 and promoted adriamycin resistance in BC cells. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Hong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University (Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Medical Laboratory, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University (Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
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Aslan C, Maralbashi S, Shekari N, Javadian M, Shomali N, Kazemi T. Differential effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and linoleic acid (LA) on miR-101 and miR-342 tumor suppressor microRNAs in Taxol-treated HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:502-507. [PMID: 39047867 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and linoleic acid (LA) have been shown to exhibit anti-proliferative effects against breast cancer cells. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not yet fully understood. One potential mechanism is through the regulation of microRNAs (miRs), which are known to play a crucial role in breast cancer development and progression. This study aimed to investigate the expression of miR-342 and miR-101 as tumor-suppressor miRs in the human HER-2 positive breast cancer cell line BT-474 after treatment with DHA, LA, alone or in combination with Taxol, a standard chemotherapy agent. METHODS The human breast cancer cell line BT-474 was cultured, and the IC50 for Taxol was determined using the MTT assay. Cells were then cultured and treated for 24 h with 100 μM DHA and 50 μM LA, alone or in combination with the respective IC50 of Taxol. Cells were harvested, and miRNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed using standard methods. Expression levels of miRs were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and results were normalized against U6 snRNA expression levels. RESULTS The Taxol IC50 for BT-474 cells was 19 nM. According to the data obtained from our study, it was observed that Taxol treatment resulted in the down-regulation of both miR-101 and miR-342 (3.69 (p < 0.0001) and 1.88 fold, (p < 0.0001) respectively). In addition, DHA, LA and DHA + LA caused up-regulation of miR-101 (0.11, 0.05, 0.03 fold (p < 0.0001) respectively) but not miR-342 (decreased by 1.93 (p < 0.0001), 2.89 (p < 0.0001) and 1.19 fold (p = 0.0029) respectively). Notably, treatment with DHA, LA and DHA + LA was able to restore the down-regulated expression of miR-101 (0.25 (p < 0.0001), 0.05 (p = 0.0012) and 0.06 fold (p < 0.0001) respectively) during Taxol treatment. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that DHA and LA can effectively compensate for the reduced expression of miR-101 during Taxol treatment. These findings suggest that dietary fatty acids may play a critical role in modulating the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy agents. Future studies are needed to investigate the functional aspects of dietary fatty acids on breast cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Aslan
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Maralbashi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Najibeh Shekari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Javadian
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Tiwari PK, Shanmugam P, Karn V, Gupta S, Mishra R, Rustagi S, Chouhan M, Verma D, Jha NK, Kumar S. Extracellular Vesicular miRNA in Pancreatic Cancer: From Lab to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2179. [PMID: 38927885 PMCID: PMC11201547 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a prevalent lethal gastrointestinal cancer that generally does not show any symptoms until it reaches advanced stages, resulting in a high mortality rate. People at high risk, such as those with a family history or chronic pancreatitis, do not have a universally accepted screening protocol. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy demonstrate limited effectiveness in the management of pancreatic cancer, emphasizing the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Recent studies indicated that the complex interaction among pancreatic cancer cells within the dynamic microenvironment, comprising the extracellular matrix, cancer-associated cells, and diverse immune cells, intricately regulates the biological characteristics of the disease. Additionally, mounting evidence suggests that EVs play a crucial role as mediators in intercellular communication by the transportation of different biomolecules, such as miRNA, proteins, DNA, mRNA, and lipids, between heterogeneous cell subpopulations. This communication mediated by EVs significantly impacts multiple aspects of pancreatic cancer pathogenesis, including proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. In this review, we delve into the pivotal role of EV-associated miRNAs in the progression, metastasis, and development of drug resistance in pancreatic cancer as well as their therapeutic potential as biomarkers and drug-delivery mechanisms for the management of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar Tiwari
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Science, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poojhaa Shanmugam
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai 410206, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vamika Karn
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai 410206, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Mishra
- Department of Computer Engineering, Parul University, Ta. Waghodia, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life science, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mandeep Chouhan
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Science, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devvret Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Science, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Zhou Y, Feng J, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Ding H, Jiang K, Ji H, Tang Z, Dai R. Knowledge mapping and research trends of exosomes in pancreatic cancer: a bibliometric analysis and review (2013-2023). Front Oncol 2024; 14:1362436. [PMID: 38720811 PMCID: PMC11076735 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1362436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This review aims to provide a quantitative and qualitative bibliometric analysis of literature from 2013 to 2023 on the role of exosomes in PC, with the goal of identifying current trends and predicting future hotspots. Methods We retrieved relevant publications concerning exosomes in PC, published between 2013 and 2023, from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric analyses were conducted using VOSviewer(1.6.19), CiteSpace(6.2.R4), and Microsoft Excel (2019). Results A total of 624 papers were analyzed, authored by 4017 researchers from 55 countries/regions and 855 institutions, published in 258 academic journals. China (n=285, 34.42%) and the United States (n=183, 24.87%) were the most frequent contributors and collaborated closely. However, publications from China had a relatively low average number of citations (41.45 times per paper). The output of Shanghai Jiao Tong University ranked first, with 28 papers (accounting for 4.5% of the total publications). Cancers (n=31, 4.9%); published the most papers in this field. Researcher Margot Zoeller published the most papers (n=12) on this topic. Research hotspots mainly focused on the mechanisms of exosomes in PC onset and progression, the role of exosomes in PC early diagnosis and prognosis, exosomes promote the development of PC chemoresistance, and potential applications of exosomes as drug carriers for PC therapies. We observed a shift in research trends, from mechanistic studies toward clinical trials, suggesting that clinical applications will be the focus of future attention. Emerging topics were pancreatic stellate cells, diagnostic biomarkers, mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles. Conclusion Our scientometric and visual analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on the role of exosomes in PC published during 2013-2023. This review identifies the frontiers and future directions in this area over the past decade, and is expected to provide a useful reference for researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Zhou
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiajie Feng
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiwen Zhao
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanyu Ding
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kexin Jiang
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Ji
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruiwu Dai
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Gupta R, Gupta J, Roy S. Exosomes: Key Players for Treatment of Cancer and Their Future Perspectives. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2024; 22:118-147. [PMID: 38407852 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2023.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Suchismita Roy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
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Zeng Y, Zhao J, Wu Z, Huang Y, Wang A, Zhu J, Xu M, Zhang W, Zhang X, Li J, Huang JA, Liu Z. Targeting TYK2 alleviates Rab27A-induced malignant progression of non-small cell lung cancer via disrupting IFNα-TYK2-STAT-HSPA5 axis. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:74. [PMID: 38521810 PMCID: PMC10960821 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rab27A is a small GTPase-mediating exosome secretion, which participates in tumorigenesis of multiple cancer types. Understanding the biological role of Rab27A in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is of great importance for oncological research and clinical treatment. In this study, we investigate the function and internal mechanism of Rab27A in NSCLC. Results show that Rab27A is overexpressed in NSCLC, and regulates the tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell motility in vitro and in vivo, and is negatively regulated by miR-124. Further research reveals that upregulated Rab27A can induce the production of IFNα in the medium by mediating exosome secretion. Then IFNα activates TYK2/STAT/HSPA5 signaling to promote NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis. This process can be suppressed by TYK2 inhibitor Cerdulatinib. These results suggest that Rab27A is involved in the pathogenesis of NSCLC by regulating exosome secretion and downstream signaling, and inhibitors targeting this axis may become a promising strategy in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengyan Wu
- Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongkang Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianjie Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China.
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, 215006, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China.
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, 215006, Suzhou, China.
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Kiel K, Król SK, Bronisz A, Godlewski J. MiR-128-3p - a gray eminence of the human central nervous system. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102141. [PMID: 38419943 PMCID: PMC10899074 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNA-128-3p (miR-128-3p) is a versatile molecule with multiple functions in the physiopathology of the human central nervous system. Perturbations of miR-128-3p, which is enriched in the brain, contribute to a plethora of neurodegenerative disorders, brain injuries, and malignancies, as this miRNA is a crucial regulator of gene expression in the brain, playing an essential role in the maintenance and function of cells stemming from neuronal lineage. However, the differential expression of miR-128-3p in pathologies underscores the importance of the balance between its high and low levels. Significantly, numerous reports pointed to miR-128-3p as one of the most depleted in glioblastoma, implying it is a critical player in the disease's pathogenesis and thus may serve as a therapeutic agent for this most aggressive form of brain tumor. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the diverse roles of miR-128-3p. We focus on its involvement in the neurogenesis and pathophysiology of malignant and neurodegenerative diseases. We also highlight the promising potential of miR-128-3p as an antitumor agent for the future therapy of human cancers, including glioblastoma, and as the linchpin of brain development and function, potentially leading to the development of new therapies for neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kiel
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Katarzyna Król
- Department of Neurooncology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bronisz
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Godlewski
- Department of Neurooncology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
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Maralbashi S, Aslan C, Kahroba H, Asadi M, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Haghnavaz N, Jadidi F, Salari F, Kazemi T. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) impairs hypoxia-induced cellular and exosomal overexpression of immune-checkpoints and immunomodulatory molecules in different subtypes of breast cancer cells. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:41. [PMID: 38439112 PMCID: PMC10910708 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cells express immune-checkpoint molecules to suppress anti-tumor immune responses. In part, immune evasion takes place by secreting exosomes bearing immune-checkpoint and immunomodulatory molecules and their inducing and/or regulating agents e.g., microRNAs (miRs). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on the expression of some selected immune-checkpoint and immunomodulatory molecules and their regulating miRs under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions in triple negative (TNBC) invasive and triple positive non-invasive breast cancer cell lines. METHODS MDA-MB-231 and BT-474 cells were treated with 100 µM DHA under hypoxic and normoxic conditions for 24 h. Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifuge and confirmed by electron microscope and anti-CD9, -CD63, -CD81 immunoblotting. Total RNA from cells and exosomes were extracted and expression of CD39, CD73, CD47, CD80, PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4 genes and their related miRs were evaluated by quantitative Real-time PCR. RESULTS This study showed significant over-expression of immune-checkpoint and immunomodulatory molecules under hypoxic condition. Treatment with DHA resulted in a significant decrease in immune-checkpoint and immunomodulatory molecule expression as well as an upregulation of their regulatory miRNA expression. CONCLUSION DHA supplementation may be utilized in breast cancer therapy for down-regulation of cellular and exosomal immune escape-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Maralbashi
- Applied drug research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Cynthia Aslan
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Milad Asadi
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Navideh Haghnavaz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
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Khoushab S, Aghmiuni MH, Esfandiari N, Sarvandani MRR, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Hashemi M. Unlocking the potential of exosomes in cancer research: A paradigm shift in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155214. [PMID: 38430814 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, which are tiny particles released by cells, have the ability to transport various molecules, including proteins, lipids, and genetic material containing non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). They are associated with processes like cancer metastasis, immunity, and tissue repair. Clinical trials have shown exosomes to be effective in treating cancer, inflammation, and chronic diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) are common sources of exosome production. Exosomes have therapeutic potential due to their ability to deliver cargo, modulate the immune system, and promote tissue regeneration. Bioengineered exosomes could revolutionize disease treatment. However, more research is needed to understand exosomes in tumor growth and develop new therapies. This paper provides an overview of exosome research, focusing on cancer and exosome-based therapies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and vaccines. It explores exosomes as a drug delivery system for cancer therapy, highlighting their advantages. The article discusses using exosomes for various therapeutic agents, including drugs, antigens, and RNAs. It also examines challenges with engineered exosomes. Analyzing exosomes for clinical purposes faces limitations in sensitivity, specificity, and purification. On the other hand, Nanotechnology offers solutions to overcome these challenges and unlock exosome potential in healthcare. Overall, the article emphasizes the potential of exosomes for personalized and targeted cancer therapy, while acknowledging the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloomeh Khoushab
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Hobabi Aghmiuni
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Esfandiari
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Rashidi
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Salman DM, Mohammad TAM. Leukemia cancer cells and immune cells derived-exosomes: Possible roles in leukemia progression and therapy. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3960. [PMID: 38424731 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes have a significant impact on tumor survival, proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence. They also open up new therapeutic options and aid in the pathological identification and diagnosis of cancers. Exosomes have been shown in numerous studies to be essential for facilitating cell-to-cell communication. In B-cell hematological malignancies, the proteins and RNAs that are encased by circulating exosomes are thought to represent prospective sources for therapeutic drugs as well as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Additionally, exosomes can offer a "snapshot" of the tumor and the metastatic environment at any given point in time. In this review study, we concluded that leukemia-derived exosomes could be utilized as prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for individuals suffering from leukemia. Moreover, clinical studies have demonstrated that immune cells like dendritic cells create exosomes, which have the ability to activate the immune system against leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyar Mudhafar Salman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region-Erbil, Iraq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Kurdistan Region-Erbil, Iraq
| | - Talar Ahmad Merza Mohammad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region-Erbil, Iraq
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Rastmanesh R, Bowirrat A, Gupta A, Gilley E, Blum K. Anti(angiogenic) food components: can be a major source of bias in the investigation of angiogenesis inhibitors. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:419. [PMID: 38213800 PMCID: PMC10777223 DOI: 10.21037/atm-23-1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Natural and diet-derived angiogenesis inhibitors/promotors are widely found in diets. These compounds can in several ways impact the results of oncological research of angiogenesis inhibitors. Methods We very briefly overview some of the most important examples to show how these compounds can create a bias in current research of cancer. Implications of this expert opinion cover similar angiogenesis-related diseases. Results Significant intra-individual differences in terms of dietary intake and differential effect of food processing techniques result in differential bioactivity and bioavailability of these compounds. There are only a handful of validated dietary questionnaire to quantify natural angiogenesis inhibitors/promotors. A corollary consequence is that participants in non-randomized clinical trials will have different baseline levels of serum/plasma/tissue/organ diet-derived angiogenesis inhibitors/promotors. This will lead to creation of clinical uncertainty and a hidden bias and consequently creation of translational efficiency bias, sampling efficiency, and waste of resources. We call for developing and validating a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to gather data on these agents, specifically designed for oncological research because there is a clear gap in the literature of oncology. Conclusions This might facilitate the discovery of better prognostic, diagnostic, preventive measures, and therapeutic agents for the management of different cancers. Implications of this paper cover similar settings like ophthalmologic research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Elizabeth Gilley
- Center for Sports, Exercise, Psychiatry, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Center for Sports, Exercise, Psychiatry, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
- The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, LLC., Austin, TX, USA
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Zhu H, Shi J, Li W. Bioinformatics analysis of ceRNA network of autophagy-related genes in pediatric asthma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36343. [PMID: 38050261 PMCID: PMC10695615 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular underpinnings of pediatric asthma present avenues for targeted therapies. A deeper exploration into the significance of differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DE-ARGs) and their interactions with the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA network may offer insights into the pathogenesis of pediatric asthma. DE-ARGs were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus and the Human Autophagy Database. These DE-ARGs were subjected to comprehensive analyses, including Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and protein-protein interaction networks. The identified DE-ARGs were further verified for core gene expression. The miRDB and ENCORI databases were used for inverse miRNA predictions. Furthermore, miRNA-lncRNA interactions were predicted using LncBase and ENCORI platforms. Following the exclusion of lncRNAs exclusively localized in the nucleus and extracellular space, a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was established and subsequently subjected to detailed analysis. The mRNA expression patterns in the ceRNA network were validated using quantitative real-time PCR. In total, 31 DE-ARGs were obtained, of which 29 were up-regulated and 2 were down-regulated. Notably, the autophagy, regulation of apoptotic signaling pathways, interferon-α/β signaling, interferon γ signaling, autophagy-animal, and apoptosis pathways were predominantly enriched in pediatric asthma. Five hub genes (VEGFA, CFLAR, RELA, FAS, and ATF6) were further analyzed using the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset to verify their expression patterns and diagnostic efficacy. Four hub genes (VEGFA, CFLAR, RELA, and FAS) were obtained. Finally, a ceRNA network of 4 mRNAs (VEGFA, CFLAR, RELA, and FAS), 3 miRNAs (hsa-miR-320b, hsa-miR-22-3p, and hsa-miR-625-5p), and 35 lncRNAs was constructed by integrating data from literature review and analyzing the predicted miRNAs and lncRNAs. Moreover, the quantitative real-time PCR data revealed a pronounced upregulation of Fas cell surface death receptor. The identification of 4 DE-ARGs, especially Fas cell surface death receptor, has shed light on their potential pivotal role in the pathogenesis of pediatric asthma. The established ceRNA network provides novel insights into the autophagy mechanism in asthma and suggests promising avenues for the development of potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Jiao Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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13
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Mamalo AS, Alivirdiloo V, Sadeghnejad A, Hajiabbasi M, Gargari MK, Valilo M. Potential roles of the exosome/microRNA axis in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154845. [PMID: 37839359 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world, and various genetic and environmental factors play a key role in its development. Breast cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers in women. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) with an average size of about 100 nm that contain lipids, proteins, microRNAs (miRNAs), and genetic factors and play a significant role in cell signaling, communication, tumorigenesis, and drug resistance. miRNAs are RNAs with about 22 nucleotides, which are synthesized by RNA polymerase and are involved in regulating gene expression, as well as the prevention or progression of cancer. Many studies have indicated the connection between miRNAs and exosomes. According to their findings, it seems that circulating exosomal miRNAs have not been well evaluated as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis or monitoring. Therefore, given the importance of miRNAs in exosomes, the goal of the present study was to clarify the relationship between miRNAs in exosomes and the role they play as biomarkers in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Alivirdiloo
- Medical Doctor Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
| | - Azadeh Sadeghnejad
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morad Kohandel Gargari
- Imamreza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Valilo
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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14
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Lv T, Li Z, Wang D, Guo X, Zhang X, Cao J, Wang Z. Role of exosomes in prostate cancer bone metastasis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 748:109784. [PMID: 37816420 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a preferred metastatic site of prostate cancer (PCa), and most patients with PCa metastases develop osteogenic bone metastasis, which manifests as disturbed bone structure and poor bone quality. However, the underlying mechanisms of PCa bone metastasis remain unclear. In recent years, increasing evidence has implicated extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, in PCa bone metastasis. Exosomes are 30-150 nm in diameter, enclosing a cargo of biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. Exosomes play a functional role in intercellular communication, modulate the functions of recipient cells, and potentially modulate bone microenvironment changes, thereby influencing the development of PCa bone metastasis. This review summarizes the involvement of exosomes in the imbalance between bone resorption and formation, and establishing a pre-metastatic niche in bone marrow, as well as potential clinical applications of exosomes in therapeutic strategies for treating patients with advanced PCa with bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lv
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, PR China
| | - Zijie Li
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, PR China
| | - Dehua Wang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, PR China
| | - Xiaojin Guo
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, PR China
| | - Xiaokuan Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, PR China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, PR China.
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15
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Şahin TÖ, Yılmaz B, Yeşilyurt N, Cicia D, Szymanowska A, Amero P, Ağagündüz D, Capasso R. Recent insights into the nutritional immunomodulation of cancer-related microRNAs. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4375-4397. [PMID: 37434291 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the most common cause of death worldwide, following cardiovascular diseases. Cancer is a multifactorial disease and many reasons such as physical, chemical, biological, and lifestyle-related factors. Nutrition, which is one of the various factors that play a role in the prevention, development, and treatment of many types of cancer, affects the immune system, which is characterized by disproportionate pro-inflammatory signaling in cancer. Studies investigating the molecular mechanisms of this effect have shown that foods rich in bioactive compounds, such as green tea, olive oil, turmeric, and soybean play a significant role in positively changing the expression of miRNAs involved in the regulation of genes associated with oncogenic/tumor-suppressing pathways. In addition to these foods, some diet models may change the expression of specific cancer-related miRNAs in different ways. While Mediterranean diet has been associated with anticancer effects, a high-fat diet, and a methyl-restricted diet are considered to have negative effects. This review aims to discuss the effects of specific foods called "immune foods," diet models, and bioactive components on cancer by changing the expression of miRNAs in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birsen Yılmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Donatella Cicia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Szymanowska
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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16
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Mitchell MI, Loudig O. Communicator Extraordinaire: Extracellular Vesicles in the Tumor Microenvironment Are Essential Local and Long-Distance Mediators of Cancer Metastasis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2534. [PMID: 37760975 PMCID: PMC10526527 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tumors are increasingly being described as a complex "ecosystem", that includes many different cell types, secreted growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and microvessels, that altogether create the tumor microenvironment (TME). Within the TME, epithelial cancer cells control the function of surrounding stromal cells and the non-cellular ECM components in an intricate orchestra of signaling networks specifically designed for cancer cells to exploit surrounding cells for their own benefit. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) released into the tumor microenvironment are essential mediators in the reprogramming of surrounding stromal cells, which include cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and tumor endothelial cells (TECs), which are responsible for the promotion of neo-angiogenesis, immune cell evasion, and invasion which are essential for cancer progression. Perhaps most importantly, tumor-derived EVs play critical roles in the metastatic dissemination of tumor cells through their two-fold role in initiating cancer cell invasion and the establishment of the pre-metastatic niche, both of which are vital for tumor cell migration, homing, and colonization at secondary tumor sites. This review discusses extracellular vesicle trafficking within the tumor microenvironment and pre-metastatic niche formation, focusing on the complex role that EVs play in orchestrating cancer-to-stromal cell communication in order to promote the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Loudig
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA;
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17
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Murillo Carrasco AG, Otake AH, Macedo-da-Silva J, Feijoli Santiago V, Palmisano G, Andrade LNDS, Chammas R. Deciphering the Functional Status of Breast Cancers through the Analysis of Their Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13022. [PMID: 37629204 PMCID: PMC10455604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) accounts for the highest incidence of tumor-related mortality among women worldwide, justifying the growing search for molecular tools for the early diagnosis and follow-up of BC patients under treatment. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanocompartments produced by all human cells, including tumor cells. Since minimally invasive methods collect EVs, which represent reservoirs of signals for cell communication, these particles have attracted the interest of many researchers aiming to improve BC screening and treatment. Here, we analyzed the cargoes of BC-derived EVs, both proteins and nucleic acids, which yielded a comprehensive list of potential markers divided into four distinct categories, namely, (i) modulation of aggressiveness and growth; (ii) preparation of the pre-metastatic niche; (iii) epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; and (iv) drug resistance phenotype, further classified according to their specificity and sensitivity as vesicular BC biomarkers. We discuss the therapeutic potential of and barriers to the clinical implementation of EV-based tests, including the heterogeneity of EVs and the available technologies for analyzing their content, to present a consistent, reproducible, and affordable set of markers for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Germán Murillo Carrasco
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (A.H.O.); (L.N.d.S.A.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Andreia Hanada Otake
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (A.H.O.); (L.N.d.S.A.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Janaina Macedo-da-Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.M.-d.-S.); (V.F.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Veronica Feijoli Santiago
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.M.-d.-S.); (V.F.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.M.-d.-S.); (V.F.S.); (G.P.)
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (A.H.O.); (L.N.d.S.A.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (A.H.O.); (L.N.d.S.A.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
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18
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Zhu J, Sun W, Yao Y, Guo Z, Li Q, Li Z, Jiang L, Zuo S, Liu S, Huang J, Wang Y. Combination of specific proteins as markers for accurate detection of extracellular vesicles using proximity ligation-mediated bHCR amplification. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1267:341322. [PMID: 37257980 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As the molecular characteristics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are closely related to the occurrence and progression of cancer, the detection of tumor-derived EVs provides a promising non-invasive tool for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, it would be difficult for most of the existing methods to avoid false positives because the obtained result declares the amounts of proteins, but cannot accurately reflect the protein sources, including EV proteins and interfering proteins, in the actual samples. In this manuscript, a robust, accurate, and sensitive fluorescent strategy for profiling EV proteins is developed by using the combination of specific proteins as markers (Co-marker). Our strategy relies on the Co-marker recognition-activated cascade bHCR amplification, which forms numerous G-quadruplex structures that are integrated with fluorescent dyes for signal transduction. Notably, the detection accuracy can be improved owing to the effective avoidance of false positives from interfering proteins or single protein markers. Moreover, by using the double-positive protein recognition mode, unpurified detection can be achieved that avoids time-consuming EVs purification procedures. With its capacities of accuracy, portability, sensitivity, high throughput, and non-purification, the developed strategy might provide a practical tool for EV identification and the related early diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Yuying Yao
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Qianru Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Zongqiang Li
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Long Jiang
- Qingdao Spring Water-treatment Co, Ltd, Qingdao, 266000, PR China
| | - Shangci Zuo
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Su Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Jiadong Huang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
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19
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Ghadami S, Dellinger K. The lipid composition of extracellular vesicles: applications in diagnostics and therapeutic delivery. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1198044. [PMID: 37520326 PMCID: PMC10381967 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1198044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, with nanoscale sizes, biological origins, various functions, and unique lipid and protein compositions have been introduced as versatile tools for diagnostic and therapeutic medical applications. Numerous studies have reported the importance of the lipid composition of EVs and its influence on their mechanism of action. For example, changes in the lipidomic profile of EVs have been shown to influence the progression of various diseases, including ovarian malignancies and prostate cancer. In this review, we endeavored to examine differences in the lipid content of EV membranes derived from different cell types to characterize their capabilities as diagnostic tools and treatments for diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's disease. We additionally discuss designing functionalized vesicles, whether synthetically by hybrid methods or by changing the lipid composition of natural EVs. Lastly, we provide an overview of current and potential biomedical applications and perspectives on the future of this growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen Dellinger
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
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20
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Wang J, Chen HC, Sheng Q, Dawson TR, Coffey RJ, Patton JG, Weaver AM, Shyr Y, Liu Q. Systematic Assessment of Small RNA Profiling in Human Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3446. [PMID: 37444556 PMCID: PMC10340377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced and released by most cells and are now recognized to play a role in intercellular communication through the delivery of molecular cargo, including proteins, lipids, and RNA. Small RNA sequencing (small RNA-seq) has been widely used to characterize the small RNA content in EVs. However, there is a lack of a systematic assessment of the quality, technical biases, RNA composition, and RNA biotypes enrichment for small RNA profiling of EVs across cell types, biofluids, and conditions. METHODS We collected and reanalyzed small RNA-seq datasets for 2756 samples from 83 studies involving 55 with EVs only and 28 with both EVs and matched donor cells. We assessed their quality by the total number of reads after adapter trimming, the overall alignment rate to the host and non-host genomes, and the proportional abundance of total small RNA and specific biotypes, such as miRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and Y RNA. RESULTS We found that EV extraction methods varied in their reproducibility in isolating small RNAs, with effects on small RNA composition. Comparing proportional abundances of RNA biotypes between EVs and matched donor cells, we discovered that rRNA and tRNA fragments were relatively enriched, but miRNAs and snoRNA were depleted in EVs. Except for the export of eight miRNAs being context-independent, the selective release of most miRNAs into EVs was study-specific. CONCLUSION This work guides quality control and the selection of EV isolation methods and enhances the interpretation of small RNA contents and preferential loading in EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.W.); (H.-C.C.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hua-Chang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.W.); (H.-C.C.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.W.); (H.-C.C.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - T. Renee Dawson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (T.R.D.); (R.J.C.); (A.M.W.)
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (T.R.D.); (R.J.C.); (A.M.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James G. Patton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Alissa M. Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (T.R.D.); (R.J.C.); (A.M.W.)
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.W.); (H.-C.C.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.W.); (H.-C.C.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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21
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You M, Xie Z, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Xiao D, Liu S, Zhuang W, Li L, Tao Y. Signaling pathways in cancer metabolism: mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:196. [PMID: 37164974 PMCID: PMC10172373 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide spectrum of metabolites (mainly, the three major nutrients and their derivatives) can be sensed by specific sensors, then trigger a series of signal transduction pathways and affect the expression levels of genes in epigenetics, which is called metabolite sensing. Life body regulates metabolism, immunity, and inflammation by metabolite sensing, coordinating the pathophysiology of the host to achieve balance with the external environment. Metabolic reprogramming in cancers cause different phenotypic characteristics of cancer cell from normal cell, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, etc. Metabolic disorders in cancer cells further create a microenvironment including many kinds of oncometabolites that are conducive to the growth of cancer, thus forming a vicious circle. At the same time, exogenous metabolites can also affect the biological behavior of tumors. Here, we discuss the metabolite sensing mechanisms of the three major nutrients and their derivatives, as well as their abnormalities in the development of various cancers, and discuss the potential therapeutic targets based on metabolite-sensing signaling pathways to prevent the progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshu You
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuolin Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Hong Kong.
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Lung Cancer, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, China.
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22
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Psilopatis I, Vrettou K, Kokkali S, Theocharis S. The Role of MicroRNAs in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092420. [PMID: 37173887 PMCID: PMC10177388 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine sarcomas are rare gynecological tumors arising from the myometrium or the connective tissue of the endometrium with a relatively poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors under certain conditions. The current review aims at studying the role of miRNAs in uterine sarcoma diagnosis and treatment. In order to identify relevant studies, a literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE and LIVIVO databases. The search terms "microRNA" and "uterine sarcoma" were employed, and we were able to identify 24 studies published between 2008 and 2022. The current manuscript represents the first comprehensive review of the literature focusing on the particular role of miRNAs as biomarkers for uterine sarcomas. miRNAs were found to exhibit differential expression in uterine sarcoma cell lines and interact with certain genes correlating with tumorigenesis and cancer progression, whereas selected miRNA isoforms seem to be either over- or under-expressed in uterine sarcoma samples compared to normal uteri or benign tumors. Furthermore, miRNA levels correlate with various clinical prognostic parameters in uterine sarcoma patients, whereas each uterine sarcoma subtype is characterized by a unique miRNA profile. In summary, miRNAs seemingly represent novel trustworthy biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of uterine sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iason Psilopatis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kleio Vrettou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stefania Kokkali
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippocratio General Hospital of Athens, V. Sofias 114, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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23
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Lee Y, Graham P, Li Y. Extracellular vesicles as a novel approach for breast cancer therapeutics. Cancer Lett 2023; 555:216036. [PMID: 36521658 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) still lacks effective management approaches to control metastatic and therapy-resistant disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), with a diameter of 50-1000 nm, are secreted by all types of living cells, are protected by a lipid bilayer and encapsulate biological cargos including RNAs, proteins and lipids. They play an important role in intercellular communications and are significantly associated with pathological conditions. Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer cells secrete EVs and communicate with neighboring cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays an important role in BC metastasis, immune escape and chemoresistance, thus providing a new therapeutic window. EVs can stimulate angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling, establish premetastatic niches, inhibit immune response and promote cancer metastasis. Recent advances have demonstrated that EVs are a potential therapeutic target or carrier and have emerged as promising strategies for BC treatment. In this review, we summarize the role of EVs in BC metastasis, chemoresistance and immune escape, which provides the foundation for developing novel therapeutic approaches. We also focus on current EV-based drug delivery strategies in BC and EV cargo-targeted BC therapy and discuss the limitations and future perspectives of EV-based drug delivery in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia; Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Peter Graham
- St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia; Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Yong Li
- St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia; Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.
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24
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Isothermal exponential amplification reactions triggered by circular templates (cEXPAR) targeting miRNA. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3653-3659. [PMID: 36807240 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isothermal exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR) is an emerging amplification technique that is most frequently used to amplify microRNA (miRNA). However, EXPAR also exhibits non-specific background amplification in the absence of the targeted sequence, which limits the attainable assay sensitivity of EXPAR. METHODS AND RESULTS A novel modified isothermal EXPAR based on circular amplification templates (cEXPAR) was developed in this study. The circular template consists of two same linear fragments that complement the target sequence, and these two linear fragments are separated by two nicking agent recognition sequences (NARS). Compared with the linear structure template, this circular template allows DNA or RNA fragments to be randomly paired with two repeated sequences and can be successfully amplified. This reaction system developed in this study could rapidly synthesize short oligonucleotide fragments (12-22 bp) through simultaneous nicking and displacement reactions. Highly sensitive chain reactions can be specifically triggered by as low as a single copy of target molecule, and non-specific amplification can be effectively eliminated in this optimized system. Moreover, the proposed approach applied to miRNA test can discriminate single-nucleotide variations between miRNAs. CONCLUSION The newly developed cEXPAR assay provides a useful alternative tool for rapid, sensitive, and highly specific detection of miRNAs.
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25
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Docosahexaenoic acid reverses PD-L1-mediated immune suppression by accelerating its ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109186. [PMID: 36309154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PD-L1 interacts with its receptor PD-1 on T cells to negatively regulate T cell function, leading to cancer cell immune escape from the immune surveillance. Therefore, targeting PD-L1 is considered to be an attractive approach for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduced the expression of PD-L1 in cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Promotion of PD-L1 ubiquitin-proteasome degradation by DHA resulted in a decrease of PD-L1 expression, leading to reduction of PD-L1 and PD-1 interaction, and reversing PD-L1-mediated immune suppression, which in turn contributed to the inhibitory effect on tumor growth. Furtherly, DHA significantly reduced fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression in cancer cells, which inhibited the palmitoyltransferases DHHC5, promoting the CSN5-dependent PD-L1 degradation. Our present finding uncovered a novel mechanism involved in the anti-cancer activity of DHA, and implicated that DHA holds promising potential to be developed as a novel immune-enhancer for cancer treatment and prevention.
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26
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Lee SH, Ng CX, Wong SR, Chong PP. MiRNAs Overexpression and Their Role in Breast Cancer: Implications for Cancer Therapeutics. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:484-508. [PMID: 36999414 DOI: 10.2174/1389450124666230329123409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have a plethora of roles in various biological processes in the cells and most human cancers have been shown to be associated with dysregulation of the expression of miRNA genes. MiRNA biogenesis involves two alternative pathways, the canonical pathway which requires the successful cooperation of various proteins forming the miRNA-inducing silencing complex (miRISC), and the non-canonical pathway, such as the mirtrons, simtrons, or agotrons pathway, which bypasses and deviates from specific steps in the canonical pathway. Mature miRNAs are secreted from cells and circulated in the body bound to argonaute 2 (AGO2) and miRISC or transported in vesicles. These miRNAs may regulate their downstream target genes via positive or negative regulation through different molecular mechanisms. This review focuses on the role and mechanisms of miRNAs in different stages of breast cancer progression, including breast cancer stem cell formation, breast cancer initiation, invasion, and metastasis as well as angiogenesis. The design, chemical modifications, and therapeutic applications of synthetic anti-sense miRNA oligonucleotides and RNA mimics are also discussed in detail. The strategies for systemic delivery and local targeted delivery of the antisense miRNAs encompass the use of polymeric and liposomal nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles, as well as viral vectors and viruslike particles (VLPs). Although several miRNAs have been identified as good candidates for the design of antisense and other synthetic modified oligonucleotides in targeting breast cancer, further efforts are still needed to study the most optimal delivery method in order to drive the research beyond preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau Har Lee
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chu Xin Ng
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharon Rachel Wong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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27
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Hosseinikhah SM, Gheybi F, Moosavian SA, Shahbazi MA, Jaafari MR, Sillanpää M, Kesharwani P, Alavizadeh SH, Sahebkar A. Role of exosomes in tumour growth, chemoresistance and immunity: state-of-the-art. J Drug Target 2023; 31:32-50. [PMID: 35971773 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2114000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most lethal diseases, and limited available treatment options contribute to its high mortality rate. Exosomes are considered membrane-bound nanovesicles that include different molecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Virtually most cells could release exosomes via exocytosis in physiological and pathological conditions. Tumour-derived exosomes (TDEs) play essential roles in tumorigenesis, proliferation, progression, metastasis, immune escape, and chemoresistance by transferring functional biological cargos, triggering different autocrine, and paracrine signalling cascades. Due to their antigen-presenting properties, exosomes are widely used as biomarkers and drug carriers and have a prominent role in cancer immunotherapy. They offer various advantages in carrier systems (e.g. in chemotherapy, siRNA, and miRNA), delivery of diagnostic agents owing to their stability, loading of hydrophobic and hydrophilic agents, and drug targeting. Novel exosomes-based carriers can be generated as intelligent systems using various sources and crosslinking chemistry extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes studded with targeting ligands, including peptides, can impart in targeted delivery of cargos to tumour cells. In this review, we comprehensively summarised the important role of tumour-derived exosomes in dictating cancer pathogenesis and resistance to therapy. We have therefore, investigated in further detail the pivotal role of tumour-derived exosomes in targeting various cancer cells and their applications, and prospects in cancer therapy and diagnosis. Additionally, we have implicated the potential utility and significance of tumour exosomes-based nanoparticles as an efficient and novel therapeutic carrier and their applications in treating advanced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Maryam Hosseinikhah
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gheybi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Alia Moosavian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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28
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Ahmed SA, Mendonca P, Elhag R, Soliman KFA. Anticancer Effects of Fucoxanthin through Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis Induction, Angiogenesis Inhibition, and Autophagy Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:16091. [PMID: 36555740 PMCID: PMC9785196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer accounts for one in seven deaths worldwide and is the second leading cause of death in the United States, after heart disease. One of the standard cancer treatments is chemotherapy which sometimes can lead to chemoresistance and treatment failure. Therefore, there is a great need for novel therapeutic approaches to treat these patients. Novel natural products have exhibited anticancer effects that may be beneficial in treating many kinds of cancer, having fewer side effects, low toxicity, and affordability. Numerous marine natural compounds have been found to inhibit molecular events and signaling pathways associated with various stages of cancer development. Fucoxanthin is a well-known marine carotenoid of the xanthophyll family with bioactive compounds. It is profusely found in brown seaweeds, providing more than 10% of the total creation of natural carotenoids. Fucoxanthin is found in edible brown seaweed macroalgae such as Undaria pinnatifida, Laminaria japonica, and Eisenia bicyclis. Many of fucoxanthin's pharmacological properties include antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, anticancer, and antihypertensive effects. Fucoxanthin inhibits many cancer cell lines' proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, it modulates miRNA and induces cell cycle growth arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy. Moreover, the literature shows fucoxanthin's ability to inhibit cytokines and growth factors such as TNF-α and VEGF, which stimulates the activation of downstream signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt autophagy, and pathways of apoptosis. This review highlights the different critical mechanisms by which fucoxanthin inhibits diverse cancer types, such as breast, prostate, gastric, lung, and bladder development and progression. Moreover, this article reviews the existing literature and provides critical supportive evidence for fucoxanthin's possible therapeutic use in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shade’ A. Ahmed
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Patricia Mendonca
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Rashid Elhag
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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29
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Yang Q, Xu J, Gu J, Shi H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Chen Z, Fang X, Zhu T, Zhang X. Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Drug Resistance: Roles, Mechanisms, and Implications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201609. [PMID: 36253096 PMCID: PMC9731723 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanosized vesicles that mediate cell-to-cell communication via transporting bioactive molecules and thus are critically involved in various physiological and pathological conditions. EVs contribute to different aspects of cancer progression, such as cancer growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug resistance. EVs induce the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, antiangiogenesis therapy, and immunotherapy by transferring specific cargos that affect drug efflux and regulate signaling pathways associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, autophagy, metabolism, and cancer stemness. In addition, EVs modulate the reciprocal interaction between cancer cells and noncancer cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to develop therapy resistance. EVs are detectable in many biofluids of cancer patients, and thus are regarded as novel biomarkers for monitoring therapy response and predicting prognosis. Moreover, EVs are suggested as promising targets and engineered as nanovehicles to deliver drugs for overcoming drug resistance in cancer therapy. In this review, the biological roles of EVs and their mechanisms of action in cancer drug resistance are summarized. The preclinical studies on using EVs in monitoring and overcoming cancer drug resistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Jing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Jianmei Gu
- Departmemt of Clinical Laboratory MedicineNantong Tumor HospitalNantongJiangsu226361China
| | - Hui Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Jiayin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong511436China
| | - Zhe‐Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNY11439USA
| | - Xinjian Fang
- Department of OncologyLianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityLianyungangJiangsu222000China
| | - Taofeng Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineYixing Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityYixingJiangsu214200China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
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30
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Adnani L, Spinelli C, Tawil N, Rak J. Role of extracellular vesicles in cancer-specific interactions between tumour cells and the vasculature. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:196-213. [PMID: 36371024 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression impacts and exploits the vascular system in several highly consequential ways. Among different types of vascular cells, blood cells and mediators that are engaged in these processes, endothelial cells are at the centre of the underlying circuitry, as crucial constituents of angiogenesis, angiocrine stimulation, non-angiogenic vascular growth, interactions with the coagulation system and other responses. Tumour-vascular interactions involve soluble factors, extracellular matrix molecules, cell-cell contacts, as well as extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying assemblies of molecular effectors. Oncogenic mutations and transforming changes in the cancer cell genome, epigenome and signalling circuitry exert important and often cancer-specific influences upon pathways of tumour-vascular interactions, including the biogenesis, content, and biological activity of EVs and responses of cancer cells to them. Notably, EVs may carry and transfer bioactive, oncogenic macromolecules (oncoproteins, RNA, DNA) between tumour and vascular cells and thereby elicit unique functional changes and forms of vascular growth and remodeling. Cancer EVs influence the state of the vasculature both locally and systemically, as exemplified by cancer-associated thrombosis. EV-mediated communication pathways represent attractive targets for therapies aiming at modulation of the tumour-vascular interface (beyond angiogenesis) and could also be exploited for diagnostic purposes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Adnani
- McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Canada
| | - Cristiana Spinelli
- McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Canada
| | - Nadim Tawil
- McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Canada; Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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31
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Sadu L, Krishnan RH, Akshaya RL, Das UR, Satishkumar S, Selvamurugan N. Exosomes in bone remodeling and breast cancer bone metastasis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 175:120-130. [PMID: 36155749 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are endosome-derived microvesicles that carry cell-specific biological cargo, such as proteins, lipids, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). They play a key role in bone remodeling by enabling the maintenance of a balance between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Recent evidence indicates that exosomes disrupt bone remodeling that occurs during breast cancer (BC) progression. The bone is a preferred site for BC metastasis owing to its abundant osseous reserves. In this review, we aimed to highlight the roles of exosomes derived from bone cells and breast tumor in bone remodeling and BC bone metastasis (BCBM). We also briefly outline the mechanisms of action of ncRNAs and proteins carried by exosomes secreted by bone and BCBM. Furthermore, this review highlights the potential of utilizing exosomes as biomarkers or delivery vehicles for the diagnosis and treatment of BCBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshana Sadu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Hari Krishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R L Akshaya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Udipt Ranjan Das
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sneha Satishkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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32
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Hu S, Liu Y, Guan S, Qiu Z, Liu D. Natural products exert anti-tumor effects by regulating exosomal ncRNA. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1006114. [PMID: 36203417 PMCID: PMC9530706 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1006114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, more than 60% of the approved anti-cancer drugs come from or are related to natural products. Natural products and exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) exert anti-cancer effects through various regulatory mechanisms, which are of great research significance. Exosomes are a form of intercellular communication and contain ncRNAs that can act as intercellular signaling molecules involved in the metabolism of tumor cells. This review exemplifies some examples of natural products whose active ingredients can play a role in cancer prevention and treatment by regulating exosomal ncRNAs, with the aim of illustrating the mechanism of action of exosomal ncRNAs in cancer prevention and treatment. Meanwhile, the application of exosomes as natural drug delivery systems and predictive disease biomarkers in cancer prevention and treatment is introduced, providing research ideas for the development of novel anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Da Liu
- *Correspondence: Zhidong Qiu, ; Da Liu,
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Otmani K, Rouas R, Lewalle P. OncomiRs as noncoding RNAs having functions in cancer: Their role in immune suppression and clinical implications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:913951. [PMID: 36189271 PMCID: PMC9523483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.913951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, microRNAs have been established as central players in tumorigenesis, but above all, they have opened an important door for our understanding of immune and tumor cell communication. This dialog is largely due to onco-miR transfer from tumor cells to cells of the tumor microenvironment by exosome. This review outlines recent advances regarding the role of oncomiRs in enhancing cancer and how they modulate the cancer-related immune response in the tumor immune microenvironment.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of noncoding RNA that are important posttranscriptional regulators of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation into proteins. By regulating gene expression, miRNAs enhance or inhibit cancer development and participate in several cancer biological processes, including proliferation, invasion metastasis, angiogenesis, chemoresistance and immune escape. Consistent with their widespread effects, miRNAs have been categorized as oncogenes (oncomiRs) or tumor suppressor (TS) miRNAs. MiRNAs that promote tumor growth, called oncomiRs, inhibit messenger RNAs of TS genes and are therefore overexpressed in cancer. In contrast, TS miRNAs inhibit oncogene messenger RNAs and are therefore underexpressed in cancer. Endogenous miRNAs regulate different cellular pathways in all cell types. Therefore, they are not only key modulators in cancer cells but also in the cells constituting their microenvironments. Recently, it was shown that miRNAs are also involved in intercellular communication. Indeed, miRNAs can be transferred from one cell type to another where they regulate targeted gene expression. The primary carriers for the transfer of miRNAs from one cell to another are exosomes. Exosomes are currently considered the primary carriers for communication between the tumor and its surrounding stromal cells to support cancer progression and drive immune suppression. Exosome and miRNAs are seen by many as a hope for developing a new class of targeted therapy. This review outlines recent advances in understanding the role of oncomiRs in enhancing cancer and how they promote its aggressive characteristics and deeply discusses the role of oncomiRs in suppressing the anticancer immune response in its microenvironment. Additionally, further understanding the mechanism of oncomiR-related immune suppression will facilitate the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for impaired antitumor immune function, making them ideal immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Otmani
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Hematology Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Hematology Department, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Khalid Otmani,
| | - Redouane Rouas
- Hematology Department, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Hematological Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lewalle
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Hematology Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Hematology Department, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Hematological Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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Chang JC, Chang HS, Yeh CY, Chang HJ, Cheng WL, Lin TT, Liu CS, Chen ST. Regulation of mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy by intra-tumoral delivery of membrane-fused mitochondria or Midiv-1 enhances sensitivity to doxorubicin in triple-negative breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113484. [PMID: 36076583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing mitochondrial fusion by intra-tumoral grafting of membrane-fused mitochondria created with Pep-1 conjugation (P-Mito) contributes to breast cancer treatment, but it needs to be validated. Using mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1, Mdi) to disturb mitochondrial dynamics, we showed that the antitumor action of P-Mito in a mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer depends upon mitochondrial fusion and that Mdi treatment alone is ineffective. P-Mito significantly enhanced Doxorubicin (Dox) sensitivity by inducing mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy, and the same efficiency was also achieved with Mdi by inhibiting mitophagy. Cell death was induced via the p53 pathway and AIF nuclear translocation in the case of P-Mito, versus the caspase-dependent pathway for Mdi. Notably, both mitochondrial treatments reduced oxidative stress and blood vessel density of xenograft tumors, especially P-Mito, which was accompanied by inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B activation. Furthermore, through enrichment analysis, four microRNAs in serum microvesicles induced by P-Mito caused expression of predicted targets via the PI3K-Akt pathway, and significantly impacted regulation of nuclear processes and myeloid cell differentiation. Clustering of gene-sets implicated a major steroid catabolic network. This study showed diverse roles of mitochondria in breast cancer and revealed effective adjuvant therapy targeting mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chih Chang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Repair, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50094, Taiwan.
| | - Huei-Shin Chang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Repair, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50094, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Yeh
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Repair, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50094, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Chang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Repair, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50094, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Cheng
- Department of Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50094, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Tsung Lin
- Department of Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50094, Taiwan
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Department of Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50094, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50094, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Tung Chen
- Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50094, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50094, Taiwan.
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Antonakos N, Gilbert C, Théroude C, Schrijver IT, Roger T. Modes of action and diagnostic value of miRNAs in sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951798. [PMID: 35990654 PMCID: PMC9389448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome defined as a dysregulated host response to infection resulting in life-threatening organ dysfunction. Sepsis is a major public health concern associated with one in five deaths worldwide. Sepsis is characterized by unbalanced inflammation and profound and sustained immunosuppression, increasing patient susceptibility to secondary infections and mortality. microRNAs (miRNAs) play a central role in the control of many biological processes, and deregulation of their expression has been linked to the development of oncological, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in sepsis pathophysiology. Overall, miRNAs are seen as promising biomarkers, and it has been proposed to develop miRNA-based therapies for sepsis. Yet, the picture is not so straightforward because of the versatile and dynamic features of miRNAs. Clearly, more research is needed to clarify the expression and role of miRNAs in sepsis, and to promote the use of miRNAs for sepsis management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Ng CY, Kee LT, Al-Masawa ME, Lee QH, Subramaniam T, Kok D, Ng MH, Law JX. Scalable Production of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Therapeutic Values: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7986. [PMID: 35887332 PMCID: PMC9315612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minute vesicles with lipid bilayer membranes. EVs are secreted by cells for intercellular communication. Recently, EVs have received much attention, as they are rich in biological components such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins that play essential roles in tissue regeneration and disease modification. In addition, EVs can be developed as vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases, as the vesicle membrane has an abundance of antigenic determinants and virulent factors. EVs for therapeutic applications are typically collected from conditioned media of cultured cells. However, the number of EVs secreted by the cells is limited. Thus, it is critical to devise new strategies for the large-scale production of EVs. Here, we discussed the strategies utilized by researchers for the scalable production of EVs. Techniques such as bioreactors, mechanical stimulation, electrical stimulation, thermal stimulation, magnetic field stimulation, topographic clue, hypoxia, serum deprivation, pH modification, exposure to small molecules, exposure to nanoparticles, increasing the intracellular calcium concentration, and genetic modification have been used to improve the secretion of EVs by cultured cells. In addition, nitrogen cavitation, porous membrane extrusion, and sonication have been utilized to prepare EV-mimetic nanovesicles that share many characteristics with naturally secreted EVs. Apart from inducing EV production, these upscaling interventions have also been reported to modify the EVs' cargo and thus their functionality and therapeutic potential. In summary, it is imperative to identify a reliable upscaling technique that can produce large quantities of EVs consistently. Ideally, the produced EVs should also possess cargo with improved therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiew Yong Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Li Ting Kee
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Maimonah Eissa Al-Masawa
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Qian Hui Lee
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Thayaalini Subramaniam
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - David Kok
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Jalan Menara Gading No. 1, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
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Contribution of n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to the Prevention of Breast Cancer Risk Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137936. [PMID: 35805595 PMCID: PMC9265492 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, diet and breast cancer are studied at different levels, particularly in tumor prevention and progression. Thus, the molecular mechanisms leading to better knowledge are deciphered with a higher precision. Among the molecules implicated in a preventive and anti-progressive way, n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) are good candidates. These molecules, like docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids, are generally found in marine material, such as fat fishes or microalgae. EPA and DHA act as anti-proliferative, anti-invasive, and anti-angiogenic molecules in breast cancer cell lines, as well as in in vivo studies. A better characterization of the cellular and molecular pathways involving the action of these fatty acids is essential to have a realistic image of the therapeutic avenues envisaged behind their use. This need is reinforced by the increase in the number of clinical trials involving more and more n-3 LC-PUFAs, and this, in various pathologies ranging from obesity to a multitude of cancers. The objective of this review is, therefore, to highlight the new elements showing the preventive and beneficial effects of n-3 LC-PUFAs against the development and progression of breast cancer.
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Liu H, Liang J, Ye X, Huang M, Ma L, Xie X, Liu D, Cao H, Simal-Gandara J, Rengasamy KRR, Wang Q, Xiao G, Xiao J. The potential role of extracellular vesicles in bioactive compound-based therapy: A review of recent developments. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10959-10973. [PMID: 35648042 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2081667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have explored the field of extracellular vesicles (EVs), driving an increasing interest in their application to human health. EVs have unique physicochemical traits to participate in intercellular communication, thus fostering the idea of using EVs to yield synergistic, preventive, and therapeutic effects. Many reports have shown that EVs contain natural bioactive compounds, such as lipids, proteins, RNA, and other active components that regulate biological processes, thereby contributing to human health. Therefore, in this review, we comprehensively elucidate various facets of the relationship between EVs and bioactive compounds that modulate EVs contents, including RNAs and proteins, discussing different forms of biological regulation. The use of EVs for cargo-loading bioactive compounds to exert biological functions and methods to load bioactive compounds into EVs are also discussed. This review highlighted the effect of EV-delivered bioactive compounds on several therapeutic mechanisms and applications, providing new insight into nutrition and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifan Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxi Liang
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Ye
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Miaoru Huang
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lukai Ma
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Xie
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongjie Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ourense, Spain
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ourense, Spain
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Fu R, Song S. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Cells (BMSCs) on Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Metastasis by Regulating Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog 12. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Among the newly diagnosed cancers in women, breast cancer metastasis is a key factor contributing to the poor prognosis. BMSCs are critical components for the malignant microenvironment. Studies have shown that the interaction between tumor cells and BMSCs support breast cancer progression.
However, BMSCs’ effect on breast cancer cells is not yet clear. BMSCs and breast cancer cell MCF-7 were co-cultured to analyze tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis along with analysis of E-cadherin and Vimentin expression by real-time PCR, interleukin-6 and matrix protease-2 and PTEN12
expression. Co-culture of BMSCs promoted breast cancer cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis-related Caspase 3 activity and downregulated the expression of EMT related factors, upregulated IL-6 secretion and MMP-2, and downregulated PTEN12 expression (P < 0.05). In conclusion,
BMSCs can promote breast cancer cell proliferation and survival and affect breast cancer transformation possibly through inhibiting the expression of PTEN12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang, 161006, China
| | - Shiwen Song
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130015, China
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40
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Cheng J, Wang X, Yuan X, Liu G, Chu Q. Emerging roles of exosome-derived biomarkers in cancer theranostics: messages from novel protein targets. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2226-2248. [PMID: 35693088 PMCID: PMC9185602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective biomarkers that guide therapeutics with limited adverse effects, have emerged as attractive research topics in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cancer-derived exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles representing molecular signatures of cells of origin, could serve as stable reservoirs for potential biomarkers (i.e., proteins, nucleic acids) in non-invasive cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, the physiological and pathological roles of exosomes and their protein components in facilitating tumorigenesis are highlighted. Exosomes carrying proteins can participate in tumor development and progression through multiple signaling pathways, including EMT, invasion and metastasis. Meanwhile, the practical applications of exosomal proteins in detecting and monitoring several solid-tumor cancers (including lung, breast, pancreatic, colorectal and prostate cancers) were also summarized. More clinically relevant, exosomal proteins play pivotal roles in transmitting oncogenic potential or resistance to therapies in recipient cells, which might further support therapeutic strategy determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongjia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Nanjing, Nanjing Xiaozhuang UniversityNanjing 211171, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Nanjing, Nanjing Xiaozhuang UniversityNanjing 211171, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuechun Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Nanjing, Nanjing Xiaozhuang UniversityNanjing 211171, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
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Sun H, Bhandari K, Burrola S, Wu J, Ding WQ. Pancreatic Ductal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Are Effective Drug Carriers to Enhance Paclitaxel's Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer Cells through Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4773. [PMID: 35563165 PMCID: PMC9099870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemo-resistance challenges the clinical management of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A limited admittance of chemotherapeutics to PDAC tissues is a key obstacle in chemotherapy of the malignancy. An enhanced uptake of drugs into PDAC cells is required for a more effective treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially small EVs (sEVs), have emerged as drug carriers for delivering chemotherapeutics due to their low immunogenicity and propensity for homing toward tumor cells. The present study evaluated sEVs derived from six different human cell lines as carriers for paclitaxel (PTX). The encapsulation of the chemotherapeutics was achieved using incubation, sonication and electroporation. The cytotoxicity of the EV drugs was evaluated by MTS assay. While sonication led to a higher efficiency of drug loading than incubation and electroporation, PTX loaded through incubation with HPNE-derived sEVs (HI-PTX) was the most efficacious in killing PDAC cells. Furthermore, HI-PTX was taken up by PDAC cells more efficiently than other EV drugs, implying that the efficacy of HI-PTX is associated with its efficient uptake. This was supported by the observation that the cytotoxicity and uptake of HI-PTX is mediated via the clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Our results indicate that the hTERT-HPNE cell-derived EVs are effective drug carriers to enhance paclitaxel's efficacy in PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyao Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China;
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Kritisha Bhandari
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Stephanie Burrola
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Jinchang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China;
| | - Wei-Qun Ding
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.B.); (S.B.)
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Exosomes for Regulation of Immune Responses and Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jnt3010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-enveloped nanosized (30–150 nm) extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin produced by almost all cell types and encompass a multitude of functioning biomolecules. Exosomes have been considered crucial players of cell-to-cell communication in physiological and pathological conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes can modulate the immune system by delivering a plethora of signals that can either stimulate or suppress immune responses, which have potential applications as immunotherapies for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Here, we discuss the current knowledge about the active biomolecular components of exosomes that contribute to exosomal function in modulating different immune cells and also how these immune cell-derived exosomes play critical roles in immune responses. We further discuss the translational potential of engineered exosomes as immunotherapeutic agents with their advantages over conventional nanocarriers for drug delivery and ongoing clinical trials.
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Dai W, White R, Liu J, Liu H. Organelles coordinate milk production and secretion during lactation: Insights into mammary pathologies. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101159. [PMID: 35276245 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland undergoes a spectacular series of changes during its development and maintains a remarkable capacity to remodel and regenerate during progression through the lactation cycle. This flexibility of the mammary gland requires coordination of multiple processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, regeneration, stress response, immune activity, and metabolic changes under the control of diverse cellular and hormonal signaling pathways. The lactating mammary epithelium orchestrates synthesis and apical secretion of macromolecules including milk lipids, milk proteins, and lactose as well as other minor nutrients that constitute milk. Knowledge about the subcellular compartmentalization of these metabolic and signaling events, as they relate to milk production and secretion during lactation, is expanding. Here we review how major organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, lysosome, and exosome) within mammary epithelial cells collaborate to initiate, mediate, and maintain lactation, and how study of these organelles provides insight into options to maintain mammary/breast health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Dai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Robin White
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Jianxin Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Yang K, Zhou Q, Qiao B, Shao B, Hu S, Wang G, Yuan W, Sun Z. Exosome-derived noncoding RNAs: Function, mechanism, and application in tumor angiogenesis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:983-997. [PMID: 35317280 PMCID: PMC8905256 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by various cell types that perform various biological functions, mainly mediating communication between different cells, especially those active in cancer. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), of which there are many types, were recently identified as enriched and stable in the exocrine region and play various roles in the occurrence and progression of cancer. Abnormal angiogenesis has been confirmed to be related to human cancer. An increasing number of studies have shown that exosome-derived ncRNAs play an important role in tumor angiogenesis. In this review, we briefly outline the characteristics of exosomes, ncRNAs, and tumor angiogenesis. Then, the mechanism of the impact of exosome-derived ncRNAs on tumor angiogenesis is analyzed from various angles. In addition, we focus on the regulatory role of exosome-derived ncRNAs in angiogenesis in different types of cancer. Furthermore, we emphasize the potential role of exosome-derived ncRNAs as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis and therapeutic targets in the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Bingbing Qiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Bo Shao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shengyun Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Guixian Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
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Kumar VS, Anjali K. Tumour generated exosomal miRNAs: A major player in tumour angiogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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PBLD inhibits angiogenesis via impeding VEGF/VEGFR2-mediated microenvironmental cross-talk between HCC cells and endothelial cells. Oncogene 2022; 41:1851-1865. [PMID: 35140333 PMCID: PMC8956508 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sustained anti-angiogenesis therapy increases the level of tumor hypoxia, leading to increased expression of HIF-1a, thereby contributing to the resistance to anti-angiogenesis therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we report that phenazine biosynthesis-like domain-containing protein (PBLD) inhibits hypoxia-induced angiogenesis via ERK/HIF-1a/VEGF axis in HCC cells. Bioinformatic analysis of the TCGA database and clinical samples validation also identify a negative correlation between PBLD and angiogenesis-related genes expression including HIF-1a. Apart from the downregulation of HIF-1a/VEGF expression in HCC cells, PBLD also blocks VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) on endothelial cells via HCC-derived exosomal miR-940. PBLD also activates TCF4 transcriptional promotion effects on miR-940 by directly interacting with it. Together, PBLD exerts an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis not only via blocking the VEGFR2 expression in endothelial cells, but also through downregulating HIF-1a-induced VEGF expression and secretion in HCC cells. These explorations may provide a theoretical basis for exploring new targets and strategies to overcome resistance to anti-angiogenesis therapy.
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Chai J, Xu L, Liu N. miR-23b-3p regulates differentiation of osteoclasts by targeting PTEN via the PI3k/AKT pathway. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:1542-1557. [PMID: 36457973 PMCID: PMC9710281 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.87520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are cells of osteoblastic origin, and are vital in homeostasis of the skeleton. miRs are important for functioning, survival and differentiation of osteoclasts. It has been reported previously that miR-23b-3p is involved in osteoporosis and in regulation of differentiation of osteoblasts. It is also involved in the process of bone formation. However, the role of miR-23b-3p in differentiation of osteoclasts remains unexplored. MATERIAL AND METHODS CSF-1 and ODF induced osteoclasts were used for the study. RNA isolation was done from TIB-71 cells. TRAP staining was done for TRAP-positive osteoclast formation. PIT assay for bone resorption was performed. For in vivo studies osteoclast-specific miR-23b-3p transgenic mice were developed. RESULTS The levels of miR-23b-3p were upregulated in bone marrow monocytes during osteoclastogenesis with colony stimulating factor-1 and osteoclast differentiation factor induction, which suggests that miR-23b-3p plays a crucial role in differentiation of osteoclasts. Over-expression of miR-23b-3p in bone marrow monocytes leads to osteoclastogenesis, whereas the inhibition ameliorates it. We further studied the function of miR-23b-3p via PI3K/AKT targeting the PTEN pathway. In vivo, osteoclast-specific miR-23b-3p transgenic mice showed suppressed PTEN and elevated osteoclast activity, and the mice showed decreased bone mineral density. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that miR-23b-3p regulates the differentiation of osteoclasts by targeting PTEN through the PI3K/AKT cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Chai
- Second Ward of Trauma Surgery Department, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Surgery, Linyi Health School, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Niansheng Liu
- The First Ward of Trauma Surgery Department, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
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Anti-Cancer Role and Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246303. [PMID: 34944923 PMCID: PMC8699603 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is an important mechanism in biological processes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), also referred to as exosomes, microvesicles, and prostasomes, are microvesicles secreted by a variety of cells. EVs are nanometer-scale vesicles composed of a lipid bilayer and contain biological functional molecules, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), mRNAs, and proteins. In this review, "EVs" is used as a comprehensive term for vesicles that are secreted from cells. EV research has been developing over the last four decades. Many studies have suggested that EVs play a crucial role in cell-cell communication. Importantly, EVs contribute to cancer malignancy mechanisms such as carcinogenesis, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and escape from the immune system. EVs derived from cancer cells and their microenvironments are diverse, change in nature depending on the condition. As EVs are thought to be secreted into body fluids, they have the potential to serve as diagnostic markers for liquid biopsy. In addition, cells can encapsulate functional molecules in EVs. Hence, the characteristics of EVs make them suitable for use in drug delivery systems and novel cancer treatments. In this review, the potential of EVs as anti-cancer therapeutics is discussed.
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Luo L, Wu Z, Wang Y, Li H. Regulating the production and biological function of small extracellular vesicles: current strategies, applications and prospects. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:422. [PMID: 34906146 PMCID: PMC8670141 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have confirmed the great application potentials of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in biological medical field, especially in tissue repair and regeneration. However, the production capability of sEVs by noncancerous cells is very limited, while their dosage requirements in disease treatments are usually very high. Meanwhile, as cell aging, the sEV production capability of cells decreases and the biological function of sEVs changes accordingly. In addition, for special applications, sEVs carrying desired bioactive substances should be designed to perform their expected biological function. Therefore, improving the production of sEVs and precisely regulating their biological function are of great significance for promoting the clinical applications of sEVs. In this review, some of the current classic strategies in affecting the cellular behaviors of donor cells and subsequently regulating the production and biological function of their sEVs are summarized, including gene engineering methods, stress-inducing conditions, chemical regulators, physical methods, and biomaterial stimulations. Through applying these strategies, increased yield of sEVs with required biological function can be obtained for disease treatment and tissue repair, such as bone regeneration, wound healing, nerve function recovery and cancer treatment, which could not only reduce the harvest cost of sEV but promote the practical applications of sEVs in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhi Wu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
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Pottoo FH, Iqubal A, Iqubal MK, Salahuddin M, Rahman JU, AlHajri N, Shehadeh M. miRNAs in the Regulation of Cancer Immune Response: Effect of miRNAs on Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6145. [PMID: 34885253 PMCID: PMC8656569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, carcinogenesis has been extensively explored and substantial research has identified immunogenic involvement in various types of cancers. As a result, immune checkpoint blockers and other immune-based therapies were developed as novel immunotherapeutic strategies. However, despite being a promising therapeutic option, immunotherapy has significant constraints such as a high cost of treatment, unpredictable toxicity, and clinical outcomes. miRNAs are non-coding, small RNAs actively involved in modulating the immune system's multiple signalling pathways by binding to the 3'-UTR of target genes. miRNAs possess a unique advantage in modulating multiple targets of either the same or different signalling pathways. Therefore, miRNA follows a 'one drug multiple target' hypothesis. Attempts are made to explore the therapeutic promise of miRNAs in cancer so that it can be transported from bench to bedside for successful immunotherapeutic results. Therefore, in the current manuscript, we discussed, in detail, the mechanism and role of miRNAs in different types of cancers relating to the immune system, its diagnostic and therapeutic aspect, the effect on immune escape, immune-checkpoint molecules, and the tumour microenvironment. We have also discussed the existing limitations, clinical success and the prospective use of miRNAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
- Product Development Department, Sentiss Research Centre, Sentiss Pharma Pvt Ltd., Gurugram 122001, India
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jawad Ur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Noora AlHajri
- Mayo Clinic, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC), Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mustafa Shehadeh
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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