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Ma XK, Liu TL, Ren YN, Ma XP, Yao Y, Hou XG, Ding J, Wang F, Huang HF, Zhu H, Yang Z. 124I-labeled anti-CD147 antibody for noninvasive detection of CD147-positive pan-cancers: construction and preclinical studies. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:436-448. [PMID: 37749238 PMCID: PMC10789738 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer CD147 is a glycoprotein on the cell surface. There is minimal expression of CD147 in normal epithelial and fetal tissues, but it is highly expressed in a number of aggressive tumors. CD147 has been implicated in pan-cancer immunity and progression. With the development of CD147-targeting therapeutic strategy, accurate detection of CD147 expression in tumors and its changes during the therapy is necessary. In this study we constructed a novel radiotracer by labeling the anti-CD147 mAb with radionuclide 124/125I (124/125I-anti-CD147) for noninvasive detection of CD147 expression in pan-cancers, and characterized its physicochemical properties, affinity, metabolic characteristics, biodistribution and immunoPET imaging with 124I-IgG and 18F-FDG as controls. By examining the expression of CD147 in cancer cell lines, we found high CD147 expression in colon cancer cells LS174T, FADU human pharyngeal squamous cancer cells and 22RV1 human prostate cancer cells, and low expression of CD147 in human pancreatic cancer cells ASPC1 and human gastric cancer cells BGC823. 124/125I-anti-CD147 was prepared using N-bromine succinimide (NBS) as oxidant and purified by PD-10 column. Its radiochemical purity (RCP) was over 99% and maintained over 85% in saline or 5% human serum albumin (HSA) for more than 7 d; the RCP of 125I-anti-CD147 in blood was over 90% at 3 h post injection (p.i.) in healthy mice. The Kd value of 125I-anti-CD147 to CD147 protein was 6.344 nM, while that of 125I-IgG was over 100 nM. 125I-anti-CD147 showed much greater uptake in CD147 high-expression cancer cells compared to CD147 low-expression cancer cells. After intravenous injection in healthy mice, 125I-anti-CD147 showed high initial uptake in blood pool and liver, the uptake was decreased with time. The biological half-life of distribution and clearance phases in healthy mice were 0.63 h and 19.60 h, respectively. The effective dose of 124I-anti-CD147 was estimated as 0.104 mSv/MBq. We conducted immunoPET imaging in tumor-bearing mice, and demonstrated a significantly higher tumor-to-muscle ratio of 124I-anti-CD147 compared to that of 124I-IgG and 18F-FDG in CD147 (+) tumors. The expression levels of CD147 in cells and tumors were positively correlated with the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) (P < 0.01). In conclusion, 124/125I-anti-CD147 displays high affinity to CD147, and represents potential for the imaging of CD147-positive tumors. The development of 124I-anti-CD147 may provide new insights into the regulation of tumor microenvironment and formulation of precision diagnosis and treatment programs for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Kun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Te-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiao-Pan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xing-Guo Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Hai-Feng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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Chen B, Wu X, Ruan Y, Zhang Y, Cai Q, Zapata L, Wu CI, Lan P, Wen H. Very large hidden genetic diversity in one single tumor: evidence for tumors-in-tumor. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac250. [PMID: 36694802 PMCID: PMC9869076 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the concern of within-tumor genetic diversity, this diversity is in fact limited by the kinship among cells in the tumor. Indeed, genomic studies have amply supported the 'Nowell dogma' whereby cells of the same tumor descend from a single progenitor cell. In parallel, genomic data also suggest that the diversity could be >10-fold larger if tumor cells are of multiple origins. We develop an evolutionary hypothesis that a single tumor may often harbor multiple cell clones of independent origins, but only one would be large enough to be detected. To test the hypothesis, we search for independent tumors within a larger one (or tumors-in-tumor). Very high density sampling was done on two cases of colon tumors. Case 1 indeed has 13 independent clones of disparate sizes, many having heavy mutation burdens and potentially highly tumorigenic. In Case 2, despite a very intensive search, only two small independent clones could be found. The two cases show very similar movements and metastasis of the dominant clone. Cells initially move actively in the expanding tumor but become nearly immobile in late stages. In conclusion, tumors-in-tumor are plausible but could be very demanding to find. Despite their small sizes, they can enhance the within-tumor diversity by orders of magnitude. Such increases may contribute to the missing genetic diversity associated with the resistance to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yongsen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510275, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510275, China
| | - Qichun Cai
- Cancer Center, Clifford Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511495, China
| | - Luis Zapata
- Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
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Yang W, Zhao Y, Ge Q, Wang X, Jing Y, Zhao J, Liu G, Huang H, Cheng F, Wang X, Ye Y, Song W, Liu X, Du J, Sheng J, Cao X. Genetic mutation and tumor microbiota determine heterogenicity of tumor immune signature: Evidence from gastric and colorectal synchronous cancers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947080. [PMID: 36420271 PMCID: PMC9676241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Both colorectal and gastric cancer are lethal solid-tumor malignancies, leading to the majority of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Although colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC) share many similarities, the prognosis and drug response of CRC and GC are different. However, determinants for such differences have not been elucidated. To avoid genetic background variance, we performed multi-omics analysis, including single-cell RNA sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and microbiome sequencing, to dissect the tumor immune signature of synchronous primary tumors of GC and CRC. We found that cellular components of juxta-tumoral sites were quite similar, while tumoral cellular components were specific to the tumoral sites. In addition, the mutational landscape and microbiome contributed to the distinct TME cellular components. Overall, we found that different prognoses and drug responses of GC and CRC were mainly due to the distinct TME determined by mutational landscape and microbiome components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaxing Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiongxiang Ge
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Jing
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - He Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Ye
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocang Cao
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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van der Heide CD, Dalm SU. Radionuclide imaging and therapy directed towards the tumor microenvironment: a multi-cancer approach for personalized medicine. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4616-4641. [PMID: 35788730 PMCID: PMC9606105 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide theranostics is becoming more and more prominent in clinical oncology. Currently, most nuclear medicine compounds researched for cancer theranostics are directed towards targets expressed in only a small subset of cancer types, limiting clinical applicability. The identification of cancer-specific targets that are (more) universally expressed will allow more cancer patients to benefit from these personalized nuclear medicine–based interventions. A tumor is not merely a collection of cancer cells, it also comprises supporting stromal cells embedded in an altered extracellular matrix (ECM), together forming the tumor microenvironment (TME). Since the TME is less genetically unstable than cancer cells, and TME phenotypes can be shared between cancer types, it offers targets that are more universally expressed. The TME is characterized by the presence of altered processes such as hypoxia, acidity, and increased metabolism. Next to the ECM, the TME consists of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophages, endothelial cells forming the neo-vasculature, immune cells, and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs). Radioligands directed at the altered processes, the ECM, and the cellular components of the TME have been developed and evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies for targeted radionuclide imaging and/or therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the TME targets and their corresponding radioligands. In addition, we discuss what developments are needed to further explore the TME as a target for radionuclide theranostics, with the hopes of stimulating the development of novel TME radioligands with multi-cancer, or in some cases even pan-cancer, application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone U Dalm
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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5
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Wu G, Wang Y, Wan Y. Establishing an 8-gene immune prognostic model based on TP53 status for lung adenocarcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24538. [PMID: 35689561 PMCID: PMC9279974 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) results in a majority of cancer burden worldwide. TP53 is the most commonly mutated in LUAD. This study aimed to reveal the relation between TP53 and tumor microenvironment (TME) for improving LUAD treatment. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to immunity were analyzed between TP53‐WT and TP53‐MUT groups. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression was applied to screen prognostic DEGs. Two independent datasets were included to evaluate the robustness of the prognostic model. Results An 8‐gene prognostic model containing ANLN, CCNB1, DLGAP5, FAM83A, GJB2, NAPSA, SFTPB, and SLC2A1 was established based on DEGs. LUAD samples were classified into high‐ and low‐risk groups with differential overall survival in the two datasets. M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, and activated memory CD4 T cells were more enriched in high‐risk group. Immune checkpoints of PDCD1, LAG3, and CD274 were also high‐expressed in high‐risk group. Conclusion The study improved the understanding of the role of TP53 in the TME modulation. The 8‐gene model had robust performance to predict LUAD prognosis in clinical practice. In addition, the eight prognostic genes may also serve as potential targets for designing therapeutic drugs for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Wu
- Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youyu Wang
- Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanhui Wan
- Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Schmidt ST, Akhave N, Knightly RE, Reuben A, Vokes N, Zhang J, Li J, Fujimoto J, Byers LA, Sanchez-Espiridion B, Diao L, Wang J, Federico L, Forget MA, McGrail DJ, Weissferdt A, Lin SY, Lee Y, Suzuki E, Kovacs JJ, Behrens C, Wistuba II, Futreal A, Vaporciyan A, Sepesi B, Heymach JV, Bernatchez C, Haymaker C, Cascone T, Zhang J, Bristow CA, Heffernan TP, Negrao MV, Gibbons DL. Shared Nearest Neighbors Approach and Interactive Browser for Network Analysis of a Comprehensive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Data Set. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2022; 6:e2200040. [PMID: 35944232 PMCID: PMC9470146 DOI: 10.1200/cci.22.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Advances in biological measurement technologies are enabling large-scale studies of patient cohorts across multiple omics platforms. Holistic analysis of these data can generate actionable insights for translational research and necessitate new approaches for data integration and mining. METHODS We present a novel approach for integrating data across platforms on the basis of the shared nearest neighbors algorithm and use it to create a network of multiplatform data from the immunogenomic profiling of non-small-cell lung cancer project. RESULTS Benchmarking demonstrates that the shared nearest neighbors-based network approach outperforms a traditional gene-gene network in capturing established interactions while providing new ones on the basis of the interplay between measurements from different platforms. When used to examine patient characteristics of interest, our approach provided signatures associated with and new leads related to recurrence and TP53 oncogenotype. CONCLUSION The network developed offers an unprecedented, holistic view into immunogenomic profiling of non-small-cell lung cancer, which can be explored through the accompanying interactive browser that we built.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T. Schmidt
- TRACTION Platform, Division of Therapeutics Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Neal Akhave
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ryan E. Knightly
- TRACTION Platform, Division of Therapeutics Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Natalie Vokes
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lauren A. Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lorenzo Federico
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Marie-Andree Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Daniel J. McGrail
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Annikka Weissferdt
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Shiaw-Yih Lin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Erika Suzuki
- TRACTION Platform, Division of Therapeutics Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jeffrey J. Kovacs
- TRACTION Platform, Division of Therapeutics Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ignacio I. Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ara Vaporciyan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - John V. Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Tina Cascone
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Christopher A. Bristow
- TRACTION Platform, Division of Therapeutics Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Timothy P. Heffernan
- TRACTION Platform, Division of Therapeutics Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Marcelo V. Negrao
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Don L. Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Radziwon A, Bhangu SK, Fernandes S, Cortez-Jugo C, De Rose R, Dyett B, Wojnilowicz M, Laznickova P, Fric J, Forte G, Caruso F, Cavalieri F. Triggering the nanophase separation of albumin through multivalent binding to glycogen for drug delivery in 2D and 3D multicellular constructs. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3452-3466. [PMID: 35179174 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08429a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles for the encapsulation of bioactive agents hold promise to improve disease diagnosis, prevention and therapy. To advance this field and enable clinical translation, the rational design of nanoparticles with controlled functionalities and a robust understanding of nanoparticle-cell interactions in the complex biological milieu are of paramount importance. Herein, a simple platform obtained through the nanocomplexation of glycogen nanoparticles and albumin is introduced for the delivery of chemotherapeutics in complex multicellular 2D and 3D systems. We found that the dendrimer-like structure of aminated glycogen nanoparticles is key to controlling the multivalent coordination and phase separation of albumin molecules to form stable glycogen-albumin nanocomplexes. The pH-responsive glycogen scaffold conferred the nanocomplexes the ability to undergo partial endosomal escape in tumour, stromal and immune cells while albumin enabled nanocomplexes to cross endothelial cells and carry therapeutic agents. Limited interactions of nanocomplexes with T cells, B cells and natural killer cells derived from human blood were observed. The nanocomplexes can accommodate chemotherapeutic drugs and release them in multicellular 2D and 3D constructs. The drugs loaded on the nanocomplexes retained their cytotoxic activity, which is comparable with the activity of the free drugs. Cancer cells were found to be more sensitive to the drugs in the presence of stromal and immune cells. Penetration and cytotoxicity of the drug-loaded nanocomplexes in tumour mimicking tissues were validated using a 3D multicellular-collagen construct in a perfusion bioreactor. The results highlight a simple and potentially scalable strategy for engineering nanocomplexes made entirely of biological macromolecules with potential use for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Radziwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Sukhvir K Bhangu
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Soraia Fernandes
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christina Cortez-Jugo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Robert De Rose
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Brendan Dyett
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Marcin Wojnilowicz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Petra Laznickova
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fric
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
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8
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Yang C, Zhang Z, Tang X, Zhang X, Chen Y, Hu T, Zhang H, Guan M, Zhang X, Wu Z. Pan-cancer analysis reveals homologous recombination deficiency score as a predictive marker for immunotherapy responders. Hum Cell 2021; 35:199-213. [PMID: 34628623 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immune context of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for effective immunotherapy. Nonetheless, DNA-based biomarkers for the immune-sensitive TME and the identification of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) responders are under-explored. This study aims to comprehensively landscape the homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score, an emerging hallmark for tumor genome instability that triggers immune responsiveness across major cancer types, and to unveil their link to the TME and immunotherapeutic response. The HRD-associated genomic scars were characterized in 9088 tumor samples across 32 cancer types from TCGA. We evaluated the HRD score's performance in classifying ICI responders using an independent breast cancer cohort (GSE87049) and 11 in vivo murine mammary tumor models treated with anti-PD1/CTLA4 regimen (GSE124821). This study revealed a broad association between HRD-high genotype and neoantigenesis in the major cancer types including bladder cancer, breast cancer, head and neck squamous carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer, and sarcoma. Tumors with high HRD score bears increased leukocyte infiltration and lymphocyte fraction and demonstrated immune-sensitive microenvironment. The tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) model further confirmed HRD score-high genotype as a potential predictor for ICI immunotherapy responders in breast cancer. In conclusion, tumors with high HRD score exhibit an immune-sensitive TME. The HRD-high genotype is a promising marker for identifying ICI therapy responders among breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201907, China
| | - Xinju Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuming Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huating Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201907, China.
- Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Clinical Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201907, China.
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518002, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201907, China.
- Clinical Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201907, China.
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9
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Zhang X, Peng L, Luo Y, Zhang S, Pu Y, Chen Y, Guo W, Yao J, Shao M, Fan W, Cui Q, Xi Y, Sun Y, Niu X, Zhao X, Chen L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Yang X, Wang C, Zhong C, Tan W, Wang J, Wu C, Lin D. Dissecting esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma ecosystem by single-cell transcriptomic analysis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5291. [PMID: 34489433 PMCID: PMC8421382 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC), one of the most prevalent and lethal malignant disease, has a complex but unknown tumor ecosystem. Here, we investigate the composition of ESCC tumors based on 208,659 single-cell transcriptomes derived from 60 individuals. We identify 8 common expression programs from malignant epithelial cells and discover 42 cell types, including 26 immune cell and 16 nonimmune stromal cell subtypes in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and analyse the interactions between cancer cells and other cells and the interactions among different cell types in the TME. Moreover, we link the cancer cell transcriptomes to the somatic mutations and identify several markers significantly associated with patients’ survival, which may be relevant to precision care of ESCC patients. These results reveal the immunosuppressive status in the ESCC TME and further our understanding of ESCC. Esophageal squamous-cell carcinomas (ESCC) have poor prognosis, and detailed molecular profiles are necessary to identify prognostic markers. Here the authors analyse 60 ESCC patient samples using scRNA-seq, TCR-seq and genomics; they find mucosal immunity markers associated with survival and immunosuppressive microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiannian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linna Peng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shaosen Zhang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Pu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yamei Chen
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Guo
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Oncology of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regio, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiacheng Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Shao
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Fan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghua Cui
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyi Xi
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Sun
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjie Niu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yachen Liu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ce Zhong
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Tan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,CAMS Oxford Institute (COI), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. .,CAMS key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,CAMS key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Pappalardo A, Giunta EF, Tirino G, Pompella L, Federico P, Daniele B, De Vita F, Petrillo A. Adjuvant Treatment in Pancreatic Cancer: Shaping the Future of the Curative Setting. Front Oncol 2021; 11:695627. [PMID: 34485130 PMCID: PMC8415474 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.695627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease even in the early stages, despite progresses in surgical and pharmacological treatment in recent years. High potential for metastases is the main cause of therapeutic failure in localized disease, highlighting the current limited knowledge of underlying pathological processes. However, nowadays research is focusing on the search for personalized approaches also in the adjuvant setting for PDAC, by implementing the use of biomarkers and investigating new therapeutic targets. In this context, the aim of this narrative review is to summarize the current treatment scenario and new potential therapeutic approaches in early stage PDAC, from both a preclinical and clinical point of view. Additionally, the review examines the role of target therapies in localized PDAC and the influence of neoadjuvant treatments on survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Pappalardo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilio Francesco Giunta
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tirino
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Pompella
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Daniele
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando De Vita
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Petrillo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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11
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Combinatorial therapy in tumor microenvironment: Where do we stand? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188585. [PMID: 34224836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression by creating a dynamic interaction with cancer cells. The tumor microenvironment consists of various cellular components, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, pericytes, adipocytes, immune cells, cancer stem cells and vasculature, which provide a sustained environment for cancer cell proliferation. Currently, targeting tumor microenvironment is increasingly being explored as a novel approach to improve cancer therapeutics, as it influences the growth and expansion of malignant cells in various ways. Despite continuous advancements in targeted therapies for cancer treatment, drug resistance, toxicity and immune escape mechanisms are the basis of treatment failure and cancer escape. Targeting tumor microenvironment efficiently with approved drugs and combination therapy is the solution to this enduring challenge that involves combining more than one treatment modality such as chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and nanotherapy that can effectively and synergistically target the critical pathways associated with disease pathogenesis. This review shed light on the composition of the tumor microenvironment, interaction of different components within tumor microenvironment with tumor cells and associated hallmarks, the current status of combinatorial therapies being developed, and various growing advancements. Furthermore, computational tools can also be used to monitor the significance and outcome of therapies being developed. We addressed the perceived barriers and regulatory hurdles in developing a combinatorial regimen and evaluated the present status of these therapies in the clinic. The accumulating depth of knowledge about the tumor microenvironment in cancer may facilitate further development of effective treatment modalities. This review presents the tumor microenvironment as a sweeping landscape for developing novel cancer therapies.
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12
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Kakarla M, ChallaSivaKanaka S, Hayward SW, Franco OE. Race as a Contributor to Stromal Modulation of Tumor Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112656. [PMID: 34071280 PMCID: PMC8197868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells play crucial roles in tumor development and are increasingly attractive targets for therapy. There are considerable racial disparities in the incidence and progression of many tumors, reflecting both environmental exposure and genetic differences existing between races. Tumorigenesis and tumor progression are linked to both the propensity to suffer an initiating event and the host response to such an event once it occurs, contributing to incidence and outcomes. In this review, we focused on racial disparities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of different cancers as potential modulators of growth, metastasis, and response to treatment. Several studies suggest that the TME in AA has a distinct tumor biology and may facilitate both early onset and aggressive tumor growth while inhibiting anti-tumorigenic properties. The TME of AA patients often exhibits an immunosuppressive microenvironment with a substantial enrichment of immune inflammatory pathways and genes. As a result, AA patients can potentially benefit more from treatment strategies that modulate the immune system. Focusing on TME components for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes to address racial disparities is a promising area of investigation. Future basic and clinical research studies on personalized cancer diagnosis and treatment should acknowledge the significance of TME in racial disparities.
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13
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Oliveira-Barros EGD, Branco LC, Da Costa NM, Nicolau-Neto P, Palmero C, Pontes B, Ferreira do Amaral R, Alves-Leon SV, Marcondes de Souza J, Romão L, Fernandes PV, Martins I, Takiya CM, Ribeiro Pinto LF, Palumbo A, Nasciutti LE. GLIPR1 and SPARC expression profile reveals a signature associated with prostate Cancer Brain metastasis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 528:111230. [PMID: 33675864 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment of lethal prostate cancer, the incidence of prostate cancer brain metastases is increasing. In this sense, we analyzed the molecular profile, as well as the functional consequences involved in the reciprocal interactions between prostate tumor cells and human astrocytes. We observed that the DU145 cells, but not the LNCaP cells or the RWPE-1 cells, exhibited more pronounced, malignant and invasive phenotypes along their interactions with astrocytes. Moreover, global gene expression analysis revealed several genes that were differently expressed in our co-culture models with the overexpression of GLIPR1 and SPARC potentially representing a molecular signature associated with the invasion of central nervous system by prostate malignant cells. Further, these results were corroborated by immunohistochemistry and in silico analysis. Thus, we conjecture that the data here presented may increase the knowledge about the molecular mechanisms associated with the invasion of CNS by prostate malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Gouvêa de Oliveira-Barros
- Programa de Pesquisa Em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer-Campus, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, CEP: 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Luíza Castello Branco
- Programa de Pesquisa Em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Meireles Da Costa
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-Centro, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Nicolau-Neto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-Centro, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Celia Palmero
- Programa de Pesquisa Em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil; UFRJ/Polo Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Pontes
- Programa de Pesquisa Em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil; Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Rackele Ferreira do Amaral
- Programa de Pesquisa Em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Soniza Vieira Alves-Leon
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Marcondes de Souza
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Romão
- Programa de Pesquisa Em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Valverde Fernandes
- Divisão de Patologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rua Cordeiro da Graça, 156 - Santo Cristo, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20220 -040, Brazil.
| | - Ivanir Martins
- Divisão de Patologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rua Cordeiro da Graça, 156 - Santo Cristo, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20220 -040, Brazil.
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-Centro, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Palumbo
- Programa de Pesquisa Em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Programa de Pesquisa Em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil.
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14
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Kumawat B, Bhat R. An interplay of resource availability, population size and mutation rate potentiates the evolution of metabolic signaling. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:52. [PMID: 33827412 PMCID: PMC8028831 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asexually reproducing populations of single cells evolve through mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift. Environmental conditions in which the evolution takes place define the emergent fitness landscapes. In this work, we used Avida—a digital evolution framework—to uncover a hitherto unexplored interaction between mutation rates, population size, and the relative abundance of metabolizable resources, and its effect on evolutionary outcomes in small populations of digital organisms. Results Over each simulation, the population evolved to one of several states, each associated with a single dominant phenotype with its associated fitness and genotype. For a low mutation rate, acquisition of fitness by organisms was accompanied with, and dependent on, an increase in rate of genomic replication. At an increased mutation rate, phenotypes with high fitness values were similarly achieved through enhanced genome replication rates. In addition, we also observed the frequent emergence of suboptimal fitness phenotype, wherein neighboring organisms signaled to each other information relevant to performing metabolic tasks. This metabolic signaling was vital to fitness acquisition and was correlated with greater genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity in the population. The frequency of appearance of signaling populations increased with population size and with resource abundance. Conclusions Our results reveal a minimal set of environment–genotype interactions that lead to the emergence of metabolic signaling within evolving populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01782-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Kumawat
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Ramray Bhat
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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15
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Prieto-García E, Díaz-García CV, Agudo-López A, Pardo-Marqués V, García-Consuegra I, Asensio-Peña S, Alonso-Riaño M, Pérez C, Gómez C, Adeva J, Paz-Ares L, López-Martín JA, Agulló-Ortuño MT. Tumor-Stromal Interactions in a Co-Culture Model of Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells and Fibroblasts and Their Connection with Tumor Spread. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040364. [PMID: 33807441 PMCID: PMC8065458 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One key feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a dense desmoplastic reaction that has been recognized as playing important roles in metastasis and therapeutic resistance. We aim to study tumor-stromal interactions in an in vitro coculture model between human PDAC cells (Capan-1 or PL-45) and fibroblasts (LC5). Confocal immunofluorescence, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and Western blotting were used to evaluate the expressions of activation markers; cytokines arrays were performed to identify secretome profiles associated with migratory and invasive properties of tumor cells; extracellular vesicle production was examined by ELISA and transmission electron microscopy. Coculture conditions increased FGF-7 secretion and α-SMA expression, characterized by fibroblast activation and decreased epithelial marker E-cadherin in tumor cells. Interestingly, tumor cells and fibroblasts migrate together, with tumor cells in forming a center surrounded by fibroblasts, maximizing the contact between cells. We show a different mechanism for tumor spread through a cooperative migration between tumor cells and activated fibroblasts. Furthermore, IL-6 levels change significantly in coculture conditions, and this could affect the invasive and migratory capacities of cells. Targeting the interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment might represent a novel therapeutic approach to advanced PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Prieto-García
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.-G.); (C.V.D.-G.); (A.A.-L.); (V.P.-M.); (C.P.); (L.P.-A.); (J.A.L.-M.)
| | - C. Vanesa Díaz-García
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.-G.); (C.V.D.-G.); (A.A.-L.); (V.P.-M.); (C.P.); (L.P.-A.); (J.A.L.-M.)
| | - Alba Agudo-López
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.-G.); (C.V.D.-G.); (A.A.-L.); (V.P.-M.); (C.P.); (L.P.-A.); (J.A.L.-M.)
| | - Virginia Pardo-Marqués
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.-G.); (C.V.D.-G.); (A.A.-L.); (V.P.-M.); (C.P.); (L.P.-A.); (J.A.L.-M.)
| | - Inés García-Consuegra
- Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.-C.); (S.A.-P.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center (CIBERER), U723, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Asensio-Peña
- Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.-C.); (S.A.-P.)
- Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Mitochondrial &Neuromuscular Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Alonso-Riaño
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carlos Pérez
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.-G.); (C.V.D.-G.); (A.A.-L.); (V.P.-M.); (C.P.); (L.P.-A.); (J.A.L.-M.)
| | - Carlos Gómez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.); (J.A.)
| | - Jorge Adeva
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.); (J.A.)
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.-G.); (C.V.D.-G.); (A.A.-L.); (V.P.-M.); (C.P.); (L.P.-A.); (J.A.L.-M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.); (J.A.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía (UCM), Av. de Séneca, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. López-Martín
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.-G.); (C.V.D.-G.); (A.A.-L.); (V.P.-M.); (C.P.); (L.P.-A.); (J.A.L.-M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.); (J.A.)
| | - M. Teresa Agulló-Ortuño
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.-G.); (C.V.D.-G.); (A.A.-L.); (V.P.-M.); (C.P.); (L.P.-A.); (J.A.L.-M.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, (UCLM), Av. de Carlos III, S/N, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Correspondence:
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16
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A functional DNA-modified dual-response gold nanoprobe for simultaneously imaging the acidic microenvironment and membrane proteins of tumor cells. Talanta 2021; 229:122284. [PMID: 33838778 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression is a complicated process influenced by multiple factors, in which the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) and altered tumor-associated membrane proteins (TA-MPs) are closely involved. Monitoring the status of these factors is of significance for tumor progression research. Here, we develop a novel probe for simultaneously imaging the acidic TME and TA-MPs in situ. In this probe, i-motif-forming sequences (strand I) are conjugated to a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) via gold-sulfur bonds for acid-response. Extended aptamers (strand A) for protein recognition are labeled with Cy3 and Cy5 respectively at two ends. The extended part of strand A hybridizes with strand I to quench Cy3 by the proximal AuNP, and the protein recognition part hybridizes with a strand labeled with BHQ2 (strand Q) to quench Cy5. When the integrated probe encounters an acidic TME, the strand I fold into i-motif quadruplexes and release the AQ duplexes from the AuNP, enabling Cy3 to be lit to indicate the acidic TME. The aptamers in AQ duplexes bind to target proteins, removing the hybridization between strand A and Q thus leading to the fluorescence recovery of Cy5 for in-situ imaging of the proteins. Fluorescence measurement and confocal microscopy imaging showed that the probe could sensitively respond to the alteration in acidity from pH 7.4 into pH 6.5, which is coincide with the acidity gap of extracellular microenvironment between normal and tumor cells. Besides, it enabled the in-situ imaging of MUC1 proteins on living cell surface, revealing their expression level and distribution. This probe demonstrates a new approach for simultaneously imaging the acidic TME and TA-MPs, providing a useful tool for multifactor research of tumor progression.
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Sinha D, Smith C, Khanna R. Joining Forces: Improving Clinical Response to Cellular Immunotherapies with Small-Molecule Inhibitors. Trends Mol Med 2020; 27:75-90. [PMID: 33011081 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) has emerged as a powerful therapeutic tool against both hematological and virus-associated cancers. However, extension of this success to solid cancers has been challenging owing to intratumoral mechanisms that induce a hostile immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Delineating the impact of tumor-intrinsic adaptive resistance mechanisms on immune-based therapies is essential to improve long-term efficacy. We discuss the different tumor-intrinsic factors that lead to resistance to ACT. We highlight the potential of repurposing molecular targeted therapies to modulate immune responses and override intratumor resistance to ACT. Finally, we discuss the potential of combining targeted therapy and ACT as a new paradigm to improve the clinical efficacy of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debottam Sinha
- QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Corey Smith
- QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Rajiv Khanna
- QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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18
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Barros LRC, Souza-Santos PTD, Pretti MAM, Vieira GF, Bragatte MADS, Mendes MFDA, De Freitas MV, Scherer NDM, De Oliveira IM, Rapozo DCM, Fernandes PV, Simão TDA, Soares-Lima SC, Boroni M, Ribeiro Pinto LF, Bonamino MH. High infiltration of B cells in tertiary lymphoid structures, TCR oligoclonality, and neoantigens are part of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1307-1318. [PMID: 32827331 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ma0720-710rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCA) exhibits high intratumoral molecular heterogeneity posing a challenge to cancer therapy. Immune checkpoint blockade therapy has been approved for this disease, but with modest results. RNA-Seq data from paired tumor and surrounding nonmalignant tissue from 14 patients diagnosed with ESCA without previous treatment and from The Cancer Genome Atlas-ESCA cohort were analyzed. Herein, we investigated ESCA immune landscape including mutation-derived neoantigens and immune cell subpopulations. Tumor-associated antigen expression was determined by in silico analyses and confirmed by immunohistochemistry showing that PRAME, CEACAM4, and MAGEA11 proteins are expressed on tumors. Immune checkpoint molecules gene expression was higher in the tumor compared with surrounding nonmalignant tissue, but its expression varies greatly among patients. TCR repertoire and BCR transcripts analysis evidenced low clonal diversity with one TCR clone predicted to be specific for a MAGEA11-derived peptide. A high number of B-cell clones infiltrating the tumors and the abundance of these cells in tertiary lymphoid structures observed in ESCA tumors support B cells as a potential immune modulator in this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Antonio Marques Pretti
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, INCA
| | - Gustavo Fioravanti Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves De Souza Bragatte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcus Fabiano De Almeida Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Martiela Vaz De Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Tatiana De Almeida Simão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Boroni
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, INCA
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Hernan Bonamino
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Vice-Presidência de Pesquisa e Coleções Biológicas (VPPCB), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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19
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Sun Z, Zeng B, Liu D, Zhao Q, Wang J, Rosie Xing H. S100A8 transported by SEC23A inhibits metastatic colonization via autocrine activation of autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:650. [PMID: 32811814 PMCID: PMC7435177 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of failure of cancer treatment. Metastatic colonization is regarded the most rate-limiting step of metastasis and is subjected to regulation by a plethora of biological factors and processes. On one hand, regulation of metastatic colonization by autophagy appears to be stage- and context-dependent, whereas mechanistic characterization remains elusive. On the other hand, interactions between the tumor cells and their microenvironment in metastasis have long been appreciated, whether the secretome of tumor cells can effectively reshape the tumor microenvironment has not been elucidated mechanistically. In the present study, we have identified “SEC23A-S1008-BECLIN1-autophagy axis” in the autophagic regulation of metastatic colonization step, a mechanism that tumor cells can exploit autophagy to exert self-restrain for clonogenic proliferation before the favorable tumor microenvironment is established. Specifically, we employed a paired lung-derived oligometastatic cell line (OL) and the homologous polymetastatic cell line (POL) from human melanoma cell line M14 that differ in colonization efficiency. We show that S100A8 transported by SEC23A inhibits metastatic colonization via autocrine activation of autophagy. Furthermore, we verified the clinical relevance of our experimental findings by bioinformatics analysis of the expression of Sec23a and S100A8 and the clinical-pathological associations. We demonstrate that higher Sec23a and Atg5 expression levels appear to be protective factors and favorable diagnostic (TNM staging) and prognostic (overall survival) markers for skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) and colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients. And we confirm the bioinformatics analysis results with SKCM biopsy samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Doudou Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiting Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - H Rosie Xing
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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20
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Fernandes S, Cassani M, Pagliari S, Filipensky P, Cavalieri F, Forte G. Tumor in 3D: In Vitro Complex Cellular Models to Improve Nanodrugs Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:7234-7255. [PMID: 32586245 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200625151134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanodrugs represent novel solutions to reshuffle repurposed drugs for cancer therapy. They might offer different therapeutic options by combining targeted drug delivery and imaging in unique platforms. Such nanomaterials are deemed to overcome the limitations of currently available treatments, ultimately improving patients' life quality. However, despite these promises being made for over three decades, the poor clinical translation of nanoparticle- based therapies calls for deeper in vit.. and in vivo investigations. Translational issues arise very early during the development of nanodrugs, where complex and more reliable cell models are often replaced by easily accessible and convenient 2D monocultures. This is particularly true in the field of cancer therapy. In fact, 2D monocultures provide poor information about the real impact of the nanodrugs in a complex living organism, especially given the poor mimicry of the solid Tumors Microenvironment (TME). The dense and complex extracellular matrix (ECM) of solid tumors dramatically restricts nanoparticles efficacy, impairing the successful implementation of nanodrugs in medical applications. Herein, we propose a comprehensive guideline of the 3D cell culture models currently available, including their potential and limitations for the evaluation of nanodrugs activity. Advanced culture techniques, more closely resembling the physiological conditions of the TME, might give a better prediction of the reciprocal interactions between cells and nanoparticles and eventually help reconsider the use of old drugs for new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Fernandes
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC) of St Anne’s University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Cassani
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC) of St Anne’s University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stefania Pagliari
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC) of St Anne’s University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Filipensky
- St Anne’s University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- School of Science, RMIT University,
Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma “Tor
Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC) of St Anne’s University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
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21
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Franco-Luzón L, García-Mulero S, Sanz-Pamplona R, Melen G, Ruano D, Lassaletta Á, Madero L, González-Murillo Á, Ramírez M. Genetic and Immune Changes Associated with Disease Progression under the Pressure of Oncolytic Therapy in A Neuroblastoma Outlier Patient. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051104. [PMID: 32354143 PMCID: PMC7281487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the effect of oncolytic adenovirotherapy on pediatric tumors. Here we present the clinical case of a refractory neuroblastoma that responded positively to Celyvir (ICOVIR-5 oncolytic adenovirus delivered by autologous mesenchymal stem cells) for several months. We analyzed samples during tumor evolution in order to identify molecular and mutational features that could explain the interactions between treatment and tumor and how the balance between both of them evolved. We identified a higher adaptive immune infiltration during stabilized disease compared to progression, and also a higher mutational rate and T-cell receptor (TCR) diversity during disease progression. Our results indicate an initial active role of the immune system controlling tumor growth during Celyvir therapy. The tumor eventually escaped from the control exerted by virotherapy through acquisition of resistance by the tumor microenvironment that exhausted the initial T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Franco-Luzón
- Children Oncohematology Foundation, 28079 Madrid, Spain; (L.F.-L.); (L.M.)
| | - Sandra García-Mulero
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and CIBERESP, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rebeca Sanz-Pamplona
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and CIBERESP, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Gustavo Melen
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Niño Jesús Children Hospital, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (G.M.); (Á.G.-M.)
- La Princesa Institute of Health Research, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (Á.L.)
| | - David Ruano
- La Princesa Institute of Health Research, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (Á.L.)
| | - Álvaro Lassaletta
- La Princesa Institute of Health Research, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (Á.L.)
| | - Luís Madero
- Children Oncohematology Foundation, 28079 Madrid, Spain; (L.F.-L.); (L.M.)
- La Princesa Institute of Health Research, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (Á.L.)
- Oncohematology Unit, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - África González-Murillo
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Niño Jesús Children Hospital, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (G.M.); (Á.G.-M.)
- La Princesa Institute of Health Research, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (Á.L.)
| | - Manuel Ramírez
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Niño Jesús Children Hospital, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (G.M.); (Á.G.-M.)
- La Princesa Institute of Health Research, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.); (Á.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9150-35938
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22
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The Prominent Role of HMGA Proteins in the Early Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2059516. [PMID: 31737655 PMCID: PMC6815579 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2059516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
GI tumors represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms concerning their natural history and molecular alterations harbored. Nevertheless, these tumors share very high incidence and mortality rates worldwide and patients' poor prognosis. Therefore, the identification of specific biomarkers could increase the development of personalized medicine, in order to improve GI cancer management. In this sense, HMGA family members (HMGA1 and HMGA2) comprise an important group of genes involved in the genesis and progression of malignant tumors. Additionally, it has also been reported that HMGA1 and HMGA2 display an important role in the detection and progression of GI tumors. In this way, HMGA family members could be used as reliable biomarkers able to efficiently track not only the tumor per se but also the main risk conditions related with their development of GI cancers in the future. Finally, it shall be a promising option to revert the current scenario, once HMGA genes and proteins could represent a convergence point in the complex landscape of GI tumors.
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23
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Jezierska-Drutel A, Attaran S, Hopkins BL, Skoko JJ, Rosenzweig SA, Neumann CA. The peroxidase PRDX1 inhibits the activated phenotype in mammary fibroblasts through regulating c-Jun N-terminal kinases. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:812. [PMID: 31419957 PMCID: PMC6697950 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide, drive differentiation of normal fibroblasts into activated fibroblasts, which can generate high amounts of hydrogen peroxide themselves, thereby increasing oxidative stress in the microenvironment. This way, activated fibroblasts can transition into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Methods Mammary fibroblasts from either female 8 weeks old PRDX1 knockout and wildtype mice or Balb/c mice were studied for characteristic protein expression using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. Cancer-associated fibroblasts was examined by transwell migration and invasion assays. The binding of PRDX1 to JNK1 was assessed by co-immuneprecipitation and JNK regulation of CAF phenotypes was examined using the JNK inhibitor SP600125. Extracellular hydrogen peroxide levels were measured by chemiluminescence via the reaction between hypochlorite and luminol. Statistical analyses were done using Students t-test. Results We show here PRDX1 activity as an essential switch in regulating the activated phenotype as loss of PRDX1 results in the development of a CAF-like phenotype in mammary fibroblasts. We also show that PRDX1 regulates JNK kinase signaling thereby inhibiting CAF-like markers and CAF invasion. Inhibition of JNK activity reduced these behaviors. Conclusions These data suggest that PRDX1 repressed the activated phenotype of fibroblasts in part through JNK inhibition which may present a novel therapeutic option for CAF-enriched cancers such as breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-6031-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jezierska-Drutel
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Shireen Attaran
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Barbara L Hopkins
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - John J Skoko
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Steven A Rosenzweig
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Carola A Neumann
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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24
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Chen P, Zhao D, Li J, Liang X, Li J, Chang A, Henry VK, Lan Z, Spring DJ, Rao G, Wang YA, DePinho RA. Symbiotic Macrophage-Glioma Cell Interactions Reveal Synthetic Lethality in PTEN-Null Glioma. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:868-884.e6. [PMID: 31185211 PMCID: PMC6561349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heterotypic interactions across diverse cell types can enable tumor progression and hold the potential to expand therapeutic interventions. Here, combined profiling and functional studies of glioma cells in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) models establish that PTEN deficiency activates YAP1, which directly upregulates lysyl oxidase (LOX) expression. Mechanistically, secreted LOX functions as a potent macrophage chemoattractant via activation of the β1 integrin-PYK2 pathway in macrophages. These infiltrating macrophages secrete SPP1, which sustains glioma cell survival and stimulates angiogenesis. In PTEN-null GBM models, LOX inhibition markedly suppresses macrophage infiltration and tumor progression. Correspondingly, YAP1-LOX and β1 integrin-SPP1 signaling correlates positively with higher macrophage density and lower overall survival in GBM patients. This symbiotic glioma-macrophage interplay provides therapeutic targets specifically for PTEN-deficient GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiexi Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew Chang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Verlene K Henry
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhengdao Lan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Denise J Spring
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Y Alan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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25
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Rajabi S, Dehghan MH, Dastmalchi R, Jalali Mashayekhi F, Salami S, Hedayati M. The roles and role-players in thyroid cancer angiogenesis. Endocr J 2019; 66:277-293. [PMID: 30842365 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine cancer worldwide. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of tumors. Over the past years, cancer research has focused on the ability of tumors to induce newly formed blood vessel, because tumor growth and the process of cancer metastasis mainly depends on angiogenesis. Tumor neovascularization occurs following the imbalance between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors until the tumor switches to an angiogenic phenotype. A number of signaling factors and receptors that are implicated in the regulation of angiogenesis have been identified and characterized; most notably, the vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) family and their receptors, which are the main pro-angiogenic molecules during early development and in pathological conditions such as cancer. Although thyroid is a highly vascularized organ, angiogenic switch in tumors of this organ leads to the formation of a vast network of blood vessels that favors the dissemination of tumor cells to distant organs and results in deterioration of patient conditions. Accordingly, the identification of key angiogenic biomarkers for thyroid cancer can facilitate diagnosis, prognosis and clinical decision-making and also may help to discover targeting factors for effective cancer therapy as well as monitoring response to therapy. Hence, the main purposes of this review are to summarize the types and mechanisms of angiogenesis emphasizing the prominent factors implicated in thyroid cancer angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Rajabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Romina Dastmalchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Siamak Salami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway orchestrates CSC-like properties by CAF recruited tumor associated macrophage in OSCC. Exp Cell Res 2019; 378:131-138. [PMID: 30857971 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM), a crucial component of immune cell infiltrated in tumor microenvironment, is associated with progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, it is still unclear how TAM is induced/accumulated and activated around/in OSCC. In the study herein, we tried to understand how TAM accumulates and activates in the OSCC and how TAM promotes OSCC to convert cancer stem cell (CSC). In this study, first important finding was that the M2 macrophages significantly increased in all twenty human OSCC samples in vivo. Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-derived CXCL12 effectively attracted monocytes, which displayed M2 macrophage phenotype. Blocking CXCL12 receptor (CXCR4) significantly reduced chemotaxis of M2 macrophage. Polarized M2 macrophage promoted CSC-like transition in OSCC cell line, Cal27 cells. These CSC-like cells significantly expressed higher Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog genes, were stronger positive for CD44 and CD105, increased cell proliferation with less apoptosis, enhanced cell migration, and were resistant to chemotherapy drug, vineristine. These results indicate that CAF effectively attracts monocytes via the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway and induces their differentiation to M2 macrophages. Interestingly, these polarized M2 macrophages promote formation of CSC-like cells from the OSCC lead to enhance OSCC proliferation with less apoptosis. Therefore, our findings have potential to lead to novel therapy for the OSCC to target CXCL12-mediated TAM recruitment.
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27
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Zhuang J, Wu Y, Chen L, Liang S, Wu M, Zhou L, Fan C, Zhang Y. Single-Cell Mobility Analysis of Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1801158. [PMID: 30581709 PMCID: PMC6299679 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Efforts have been taken to enhance the study of single-cells, however, the task remains challenging because most previous investigations cannot exclude the interactions between single cells or separately retrieved cells with specificity for further analyses. Here, a single-cell mobility analysis platform (SCM-Chip) is developed that can not only real-time monitor single-cell migration in independent niches but can also selectively recover target cells one by one. The design of each channel with a single-cell capture unit and an outlet enables the system to place single cells in different isolated niches with fluidic capture and to respectively collect target cells based on mobilities. SCM-Chip characterization of breast cancer cells reveals the presence of high- and low-migratory populations. Whole-cell transcriptome analysis establishes that monocyte chemotactic protein induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) is related with cell mobility; cells with a high expression of MCPIP1 exhibit low mobility in vitro and metastasis in vivo. The SCM platform provides a generic tool for accurate single-cell isolation and differentiation that can be readily adapted for the study of cancer and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialang Zhuang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Yongjian Wu
- Department of ImmunologyZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen University74 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Siping Liang
- Department of ImmunologyZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen University74 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Department of ImmunologyZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen University74 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Ledu Zhou
- Department of General SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Laboratory of Physical BiologyShanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201800P. R. China
| | - Yuanqing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
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Yin W, Yu X, Kang X, Zhao Y, Zhao P, Jin H, Fu X, Wan Y, Peng C, Huang Y. Remodeling Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Neovascularization Overcomes EGFR T790M -Associated Drug Resistance by PD-L1 Nanobody-Mediated Codelivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802372. [PMID: 30307695 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine has made a significant breakthrough in the past decade. The most representative success is the molecular targeting therapy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with oncogenic drivers, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as first-line therapeutics for substituting chemotherapy. However, the rapidly developed TKI resistance invariably leads to unsustainable treatment. For example, gefitinib is the first choice for advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutation, but most patients would soon develop secondary EGFRT790M mutation and acquire gefitinib resistance. TKI resistance is a severe emergency issue to be solved in NSCLC, but there are a few investigations of nanomedicine reported to address this pressing problem. To overcome EGFRT790M -associated drug resistance, a novel delivery and therapeutic strategy is developed. A PD-L1 nanobody is identified, and first used as a targeting ligand for liposomal codelivery. It is found that simvastatin/gefitinib combination nanomedicine can remodel the tumor microenvironment (e.g., neovascularization regulation, M2-macrophage repolarization, and innate immunity), and display the effectiveness of reversing the gefitinib resistance and enhancing the EGFRT790M -mutated NSCLC treatment outcomes. The novel simvastatin-based nanomedicine provides a clinically translatable strategy for tackling the major problem in NSCLC treatment and demonstrates the promise of an old drug for new application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Nanchang University College of Pharmacy, 461 Bayi Rd, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiaolu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuejia Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yuge Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Nanchang University College of Pharmacy, 461 Bayi Rd, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Nanchang University College of Pharmacy, 461 Bayi Rd, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hongyue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuhong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Nanchang University College of Pharmacy, 461 Bayi Rd, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yakun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chengyuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Integrative metabolic and transcriptomic profiling of prostate cancer tissue containing reactive stroma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14269. [PMID: 30250137 PMCID: PMC6155140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive stroma is a tissue feature commonly observed in the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer and has previously been associated with more aggressive tumors. The aim of this study was to detect differentially expressed genes and metabolites according to reactive stroma content measured on the exact same prostate cancer tissue sample. Reactive stroma was evaluated using histopathology from 108 fresh frozen prostate cancer samples gathered from 43 patients after prostatectomy (Biobank1). A subset of the samples was analyzed both for metabolic (n = 85) and transcriptomic alterations (n = 78) using high resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HR-MAS MRS) and RNA microarray, respectively. Recurrence-free survival was assessed in patients with clinical follow-up of minimum five years (n = 38) using biochemical recurrence (BCR) as endpoint. Multivariate metabolomics and gene expression analysis compared low (≤15%) against high reactive stroma content (≥16%). High reactive stroma content was associated with BCR in prostate cancer patients even when accounting for the influence of Grade Group (Cox hazard proportional analysis, p = 0.013). In samples with high reactive stroma content, metabolites and genes linked to immune functions and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling were significantly upregulated. Future validation of these findings is important to reveal novel biomarkers and drug targets connected to immune mechanisms and ECM in prostate cancer. The fact that high reactive stroma grading is connected to BCR adds further support for the clinical integration of this histopathological evaluation.
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30
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Foster DS, Jones RE, Ransom RC, Longaker MT, Norton JA. The evolving relationship of wound healing and tumor stroma. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99911. [PMID: 30232274 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The stroma in solid tumors contains a variety of cellular phenotypes and signaling pathways associated with wound healing, leading to the concept that a tumor behaves as a wound that does not heal. Similarities between tumors and healing wounds include fibroblast recruitment and activation, extracellular matrix (ECM) component deposition, infiltration of immune cells, neovascularization, and cellular lineage plasticity. However, unlike a wound that heals, the edges of a tumor are constantly expanding. Cell migration occurs both inward and outward as the tumor proliferates and invades adjacent tissues, often disregarding organ boundaries. The focus of our review is cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) cellular heterogeneity and plasticity and the acellular matrix components that accompany these cells. We explore how similarities and differences between healing wounds and tumor stroma continue to evolve as research progresses, shedding light on possible therapeutic targets that can result in innovative stromal-based treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshka S Foster
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and.,Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - R Ellen Jones
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and
| | - Ryan C Ransom
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and.,Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Norton
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and.,Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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31
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Barros L, Pretti MA, Chicaybam L, Abdo L, Boroni M, Bonamino MH. Immunological-based approaches for cancer therapy. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e429s. [PMID: 30133560 PMCID: PMC6097086 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e429s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunologic landscape of tumors has been continuously unveiled, providing a new look at the interactions between cancer cells and the immune system. Emerging tumor cells are constantly eliminated by the immune system, but some cells establish a long-term equilibrium phase leading to tumor immunoediting and, eventually, evasion. During this process, tumor cells tend to acquire more mutations. Bearing a high mutation burden leads to a greater number of neoantigens with the potential to initiate an immune response. Although many tumors evoke an immune response, tumor clearance by the immune system does not occur due to a suppressive tumor microenvironment. The mechanisms by which tumors achieve the ability to evade immunologic control vary. Understanding these differences is crucial for the improvement and application of new immune-based therapies. Much effort has been placed in developing in silico algorithms to predict tumor immunogenicity and to characterize the microenvironment via high-throughput sequencing and gene expression techniques. Each sequencing source, transcriptomics, and genomics yields a distinct level of data, helping to elucidate the tumor-based immune responses and guiding the fine-tuning of current and upcoming immune-based therapies. In this review, we explore some of the immunological concepts behind the new immunotherapies and the bioinformatic tools to study the immunological aspects of tumors, focusing on neoantigen determination and microenvironment deconvolution. We further discuss the immune-based therapies already in clinical use, those underway for future clinical application, the next steps in immunotherapy, and how the characterization of the tumor immune contexture can impact therapies aiming to promote or unleash immune-based tumor elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Barros
- Programa de Carcinogenese Molecular, Coordenacao de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Marco Antonio Pretti
- Programa de Carcinogenese Molecular, Coordenacao de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | | | - Luiza Abdo
- Programa de Carcinogenese Molecular, Coordenacao de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Mariana Boroni
- Laboratorio de Bioinformatica e Biologia Computacional, Coordenacao de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Martin Hernán Bonamino
- Laboratorio de Bioinformatica e Biologia Computacional, Coordenacao de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail: /
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32
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Malignant invasion of the central nervous system: the hidden face of a poorly understood outcome of prostate cancer. World J Urol 2018; 36:2009-2019. [PMID: 29980839 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignancies of the central nervous system include primary brain tumors and brain metastases, the latter being the major cause of intracranial neoplasms in adults. Although prostate cancer (PCa) brain metastases are not the most common source, recent data show that the relevance of prostate cancer brain metastases (PCBM) cannot be neglected. In this review, we focus on the molecular repertory as well as on the phenotypical similarities between PCBM and primary PCa, such as the cellular evolution and the maintenance of androgen-receptor expression. Moreover, the simultaneous occurrence of PCBM with other PCa metastatic sites and the significance of the clinical heterogeneity of the disease are also discussed. In addition, a potential relationship between the heterogeneous behavior exhibited by PCBM and the co-occurrence of malignant cell clusters with distinct genetic profiles is also hypothesized, as well as the prominent role of astrocytes in the establishment of PCBM.
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33
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Comen EA, Bowman RL, Kleppe M. Underlying Causes and Therapeutic Targeting of the Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:56. [PMID: 29946544 PMCID: PMC6005853 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, the link between chronic inflammation and cancer has long been speculated. Only more recently, pre-clinical and epidemiologic data as well as clinical evidence all point to the role of the tumor microenvironment as inextricably connected to the neoplastic process. The tumor microenvironment (TME), a complex mix of vasculature, inflammatory cells, and stromal cells is the essential "soil" helping to modulate tumor potential. Increasingly, evidence suggests that chronic inflammation modifies the tumor microenvironment, via a host of mechanisms, including the production of cytokines, pro-inflammatory mediators, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Inflammation can be triggered by a variety of different pressures, such as carcinogen exposure, immune dysfunction, dietary habits, and obesity, as well as genetic alterations leading to oncogene activation or loss of tumor suppressors. In this review, we examine the concept of the tumor microenvironment as related to both extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli that promote chronic inflammation and in turn tumorigenesis. Understanding the common pathways inherent in an inflammatory response and the tumor microenvironment may shed light on new therapies for both primary and metastatic disease. The concept of personalized medicine has pushed the field of oncology to drill down on the genetic changes of a cancer, in the hopes of identifying individually targeted agents. Given the complexities of the tumor microenvironment, it is clear that effective oncologic therapies will necessitate targeting not only the cancer cells, but their dynamic relationship to the tumor microenvironment as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Comen
- Breast Cancer Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert L. Bowman
- Center for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria Kleppe
- Center for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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34
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Fiore APZP, Ribeiro PDF, Bruni-Cardoso A. Sleeping Beauty and the Microenvironment Enchantment: Microenvironmental Regulation of the Proliferation-Quiescence Decision in Normal Tissues and in Cancer Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:59. [PMID: 29930939 PMCID: PMC6001001 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells from prokaryota to the more complex metazoans cease proliferating at some point in their lives and enter a reversible, proliferative-dormant state termed quiescence. The appearance of quiescence in the course of evolution was essential to the acquisition of multicellular specialization and compartmentalization and is also a central aspect of tissue function and homeostasis. But what makes a cell cease proliferating even in the presence of nutrients, growth factors, and mitogens? And what makes some cells "wake up" when they should not, as is the case in cancer? Here, we summarize and discuss evidence showing how microenvironmental cues such as those originating from metabolism, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and arrangement, neighboring cells and tissue architecture control the cellular proliferation-quiescence decision, and how this complex regulation is corrupted in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandre Bruni-Cardoso
- e-Signal Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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35
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Ayroldi E, Cannarile L, Delfino DV, Riccardi C. A dual role for glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper in glucocorticoid function: tumor growth promotion or suppression? Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:463. [PMID: 29695779 PMCID: PMC5916931 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs), important therapeutic tools to treat inflammatory and immunosuppressive diseases, can also be used as part of cancer therapy. In oncology, GCs are used as anticancer drugs for lymphohematopoietic malignancies, while in solid neoplasms primarily to control the side effects of chemo/radiotherapy treatments. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of GCs are numerous and often overlapping, but not all have been elucidated. In normal, cancerous, and inflammatory tissues, the response to GCs differs based on the tissue type. The effects of GCs are dependent on several factors: the tumor type, the GC therapy being used, the expression level of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and the presence of any other stimuli such as signals from immune cells and the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, GCs may either promote or suppress tumor growth via different molecular mechanisms. Stress exposure results in dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis with increased levels of endogenous GCs that promote tumorigenesis, confirming the importance of GCs in tumor growth. Most of the effects of GCs are genomic and mediated by the modulation of GR gene transcription. Moreover, among the GR-induced genes, glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), which was cloned and characterized primarily in our laboratory, mediates many GC anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we analyzed the possible role for GILZ in the effects GCs have on tumors cells. We also suggest that GILZ, by affecting the immune system, tumor microenvironment, and directly cancer cell biology, has a tumor-promoting function. However, it may also induce apoptosis or decrease the proliferation of cancer cells, thus inhibiting tumor growth. The potential therapeutic implications of GILZ activity on tumor cells are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emira Ayroldi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Cannarile
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Domenico V Delfino
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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36
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Parvy JP, Hodgson JA, Cordero JB. Drosophila as a Model System to Study Nonautonomous Mechanisms Affecting Tumour Growth and Cell Death. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7152962. [PMID: 29725601 PMCID: PMC5872677 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7152962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The study of cancer has represented a central focus in medical research for over a century. The great complexity and constant evolution of the pathology require the use of multiple research model systems and interdisciplinary approaches. This is necessary in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding into the mechanisms driving disease initiation and progression, to aid the development of appropriate therapies. In recent decades, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and its associated powerful genetic tools have become a very attractive model system to study tumour-intrinsic and non-tumour-derived processes that mediate tumour development in vivo. In this review, we will summarize recent work on Drosophila as a model system to study cancer biology. We will focus on the interactions between tumours and their microenvironment, including extrinsic mechanisms affecting tumour growth and how tumours impact systemic host physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Parvy
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Joseph A. Hodgson
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Julia B. Cordero
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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37
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UBE2C is overexpressed in ESCC tissues and its abrogation attenuates the malignant phenotype of ESCC cell lines. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65876-65887. [PMID: 27588470 PMCID: PMC5323199 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is widely known as a highly lethal and poor understood cancer, then requiring the search for novel molecular markers to improve its management and patients survival. Recently, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) has been figuring as a prominent tumor biomarker candidate, once it has been recognized as a key player in cell cycle progression. In this way, the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression profile of UBE2C gene and protein in ESCC samples, as well as its diagnostic and prognostic marker potential, and its contribution to ESSC genesis and/or progression by performing in vitro functional assays. The analysis of UBE2C gene expression in 52 paired ESCC samples (tumor and respective histologically normal surrounding tissue), by qRT-PCR, revealed that this gene is overexpressed in 73% of ESCC samples. Subsequently, immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that UBE2C protein expression was upregulated in all ESCC cases, but absent in the histologically normal tumor surrounding tissues. Moreover, we showed that UBE2C mRNA expression was able to accurately discriminate ESCC tissue from both healthy esophageal and histologically normal tumor surrounding tissues, pointing out its role as a diagnostic marker for this cancer. Finally, we report that UBE2C affects proliferation rates and cell cycle profile of ESCC cell lines, by directly interfering with cyclin B1 protein levels, suggesting its involvement in crucial steps of ESCC carcinogenesis.
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38
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Palumbo A, Da Costa NM, Esposito F, De Martino M, D'Angelo D, de Sousa VPL, Martins I, Nasciutti LE, Fusco A, Ribeiro Pinto LF. HMGA2 overexpression plays a critical role in the progression of esophageal squamous carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:25872-84. [PMID: 27027341 PMCID: PMC5041951 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common esophageal tumor worldwide. However, there is still a lack of deeper knowledge about biological alterations involved in ESCC development. High Mobility Group A (HMGA) protein family has been related with poor outcome and malignant cell transformation in several tumor types. In this way, the aim of this study was to analyze the expression of HMGA1 and HMGA2 expression in ESCC and their role in crucial cellular features. We evaluated HMGA1 and HMGA2 mRNA expression in 52 paired ESCC and normal surrounding tissue samples by qRT-PCR. Here, we show that HMGA2, but not HMGA1, is overexpressed in ESCC samples. This result was further confirmed by the immunohistochemical analysis. Indeed, accordingly to mRNA expression data, HMGA2, but not HMGA1, was overexpressed in approximately 90% of ESCC samples, while it was barely expressed in the respective control. Conversely, HMGA1, but not HMGA2, was overexpressed in esophageal adenocarcinoma samples. Interestingly, HMGA2 abrogation attenuated the malignant phenotype of two ESCC cell lines, suggesting that HMGA2 overexpression is involved in ESCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Palumbo
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Prédio de Ciências da Saúde - Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Francesco Esposito
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco De Martino
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela D'Angelo
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Ivanir Martins
- Divisão de Patologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Prédio de Ciências da Saúde - Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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39
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Pleshkan VV, Alekseenko IV, Tyulkina DV, Kyzmich AI, Zinovyeva MV, Sverdlov ED. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as a possible target of an antitumor strategy. MOLECULAR GENETICS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s0891416816030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Sverdlov ED. Multidimensional Complexity of Cancer. Simple Solutions Are Needed. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:731-8. [PMID: 27449619 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916070099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex system. Tumor complexity is determined not only by genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity, but also by a huge number of interactions between cancer and normal cells. The heterogeneity and complexity of a tumor causes failure of molecular targeting therapy as a tool for fighting cancer. This review considers the concepts of malignant tumors as organisms that have common characteristics despite all heterogeneity. This leads to the idea that one of the most promising strategies for fighting cancer is the use of the patient's immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Sverdlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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41
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Kamran N, Kadiyala P, Saxena M, Candolfi M, Li Y, Moreno-Ayala MA, Raja N, Shah D, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Immunosuppressive Myeloid Cells' Blockade in the Glioma Microenvironment Enhances the Efficacy of Immune-Stimulatory Gene Therapy. Mol Ther 2017; 25:232-248. [PMID: 28129117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of glioma (GBM) patients treated with the current standard of care remains dismal. Immunotherapeutic approaches that harness the cytotoxic and memory potential of the host immune system have shown great benefit in other cancers. GBMs have developed multiple strategies, including the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to induce immunosuppression. It is therefore imperative to develop multipronged approaches when aiming to generate a robust anti-tumor immune response. Herein, we tested whether combining MDSC depletion or checkpoint blockade would augment the efficacy of immune-stimulatory herpes simplex type-I thymidine kinase (TK) plus Fms-like tyrosine kinase ligand (Flt3L)-mediated immune stimulatory gene therapy. Our results show that MDSCs constitute >40% of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells. These cells express IL-4Rα, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase, programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1), and CD80, molecules that are critically involved in antigen-specific T cell suppression. Depletion of MDSCs strongly enhanced the TK/Flt3L gene therapy-induced tumor-specific CD8 T cell response, which lead to increased median survival and percentage of long-term survivors. Also, combining PDL1 or CTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade greatly improved the efficacy of TK/Flt3L gene therapy. Our results, therefore, indicate that blocking MDSC-mediated immunosuppression holds great promise for increasing the efficacy of gene therapy-mediated immunotherapies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kamran
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
| | - Padma Kadiyala
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
| | - Meghna Saxena
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1053 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Youping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
| | - Mariela A Moreno-Ayala
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1053 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicholas Raja
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
| | - Diana Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
| | - Pedro R Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA.
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42
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Martin JD, Fukumura D, Duda DG, Boucher Y, Jain RK. Reengineering the Tumor Microenvironment to Alleviate Hypoxia and Overcome Cancer Heterogeneity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:a027094. [PMID: 27663981 PMCID: PMC5131751 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors consist of cancer cells and stromal cells, including resident and transiting immune cells-all ensconced in an extracellular matrix (ECM)-nourished by blood vessels and drained by lymphatic vessels. The microenvironment constituents are abnormal and heterogeneous in morphology, phenotype, and physiology. Such irregularities include an inefficient tumor vascular network comprised of leaky and compressed vessels, which impair blood flow and oxygen delivery. Low oxygenation in certain tumor regions-or focal hypoxia-is a mediator of cancer progression, metastasis, immunosuppression, and treatment resistance. Thus, repairing an abnormal and heterogeneous microenvironment-and hypoxia in particular-can significantly improve treatments of solid tumors. Here, we summarize two strategies to reengineer the tumor microenvironment (TME)-vessel normalization and decompression-that can alleviate hypoxia. In addition, we discuss how these two strategies alone and in combination with each other-or other therapeutic strategies-may overcome the challenges posed by cancer heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Martin
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Dan G Duda
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Yves Boucher
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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43
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von der Heide EK, Neumann M, Vosberg S, James AR, Schroeder MP, Ortiz-Tanchez J, Isaakidis K, Schlee C, Luther M, Jöhrens K, Anagnostopoulos I, Mochmann LH, Nowak D, Hofmann WK, Greif PA, Baldus CD. Molecular alterations in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells derived from acute myeloid leukemia patients. Leukemia 2016; 31:1069-1078. [PMID: 27833093 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of molecular alterations in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) to the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poorly understood. Thus we assessed genome-wide genetic, transcriptional and epigenetic alterations in BM-MSC derived from AML patients (AML BM-MSC). Whole-exome sequencing (WES) of AML BM-MSC samples from 21 patients revealed a non-specific pattern of genetic alterations in the stromal compartment. The only mutation present in AML BM-MSC at serial time points of diagnosis, complete remission and relapse was a mutation in the PLEC gene encoding for cytoskeleton key player Plectin in one AML patient. Healthy donor controls did not carry genetic alterations as determined by WES. Transcriptional profiling using RNA sequencing revealed deregulation of proteoglycans and adhesion molecules as well as cytokines in AML BM-MSC. Moreover, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis unravelled deregulated metabolic pathways and endocytosis in both transcriptional and DNA methylation signatures in AML BM-MSC. Taken together, we report molecular alterations in AML BM-MSC suggesting global changes in the AML BM microenvironment. Extended investigations of these altered niche components may contribute to the design of niche-directed therapies in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K von der Heide
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité, University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Neumann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité, University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Vosberg
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - A R James
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité, University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M P Schroeder
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité, University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Ortiz-Tanchez
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité, University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Isaakidis
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité, University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Schlee
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité, University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Luther
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité, University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - I Anagnostopoulos
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L H Mochmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité, University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Nowak
- University of Mannheim, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - W K Hofmann
- University of Mannheim, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - P A Greif
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - C D Baldus
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité, University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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44
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Wartenberg M, Centeno I, Haemmig S, Vassella E, Zlobec I, Galván JA, Neuenschwander M, Schlup C, Gloor B, Lugli A, Perren A, Karamitopoulou E. PTEN alterations of the stromal cells characterise an aggressive subpopulation of pancreatic cancer with enhanced metastatic potential. Eur J Cancer 2016; 65:80-90. [PMID: 27475963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoplastic stroma is believed to influence tumour progression. Here, we examine phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) status in the tumour microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) focussing especially at the stromal cells. METHODS We asses PTEN at protein, messenger RNA and DNA level using a well-characterised PDAC cohort (n = 117). miR-21, known to target PTEN, is assessed after RNA extraction from different laser-capture-microdissected cell populations, including cancer cells and juxta-tumoural and tumour-remote stroma. RESULTS PTEN deletion was the most frequent cause of PTEN protein loss in PDAC cells (71%) and correlated with vascular invasion (p = 0.0176) and decreased overall survival (p = 0.0127). Concomitant PTEN protein loss in tumour and juxta-tumoural stroma, found in 21.4% of PDACs, correlated with increased distant metastasis (p = 0.0045). Stromal cells with PTEN protein loss frequently showed PTEN genetic aberrations, including hemizygous PTEN deletion (46.6%) or chromosome 10 monosomy (40%). No alterations were found in the tumour-remote stroma. miR-21 was overexpressed by cancer- and juxta-tumoural stromal cells, in some cases without simultaneous PTEN gene alterations. No PTEN mutations or promoter methylation were detected. CONCLUSIONS We find various mechanisms of PTEN protein loss in the different tumour cell populations, including allelic PTEN deletions, gross chromosomal 10 aberrations and altered miR-21 expression. PTEN deletion is a major cause of PTEN protein loss in PDAC and correlates with aggressive characteristics and worse outcome. PTEN protein loss in juxta-tumoural stromal cells is mostly due to PTEN haplo-insufficiency and characterises a subgroup of PDACs with enhanced metastatic potential. In the tumour microenvironment of the invasive front, PTEN silencing by miR-21 in cancer and surrounding stromal cells acts not only cooperatively but also independently of the genetic aberrations to precipitate PTEN protein loss and promote further tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wartenberg
- Clinical Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland; Translational Research Unit, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Irene Centeno
- Translational Research Unit, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Haemmig
- Molecular Unit, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Erik Vassella
- Molecular Unit, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Translational Research Unit, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - José A Galván
- Translational Research Unit, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Maja Neuenschwander
- Molecular Unit, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Schlup
- Molecular Unit, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Beat Gloor
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Insel University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 4, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Lugli
- Clinical Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland; Translational Research Unit, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Aurel Perren
- Clinical Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland; Translational Research Unit, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Eva Karamitopoulou
- Clinical Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland; Translational Research Unit, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland.
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45
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Liu CM, Hsieh CL, Shen CN, Lin CC, Shigemura K, Sung SY. Exosomes from the tumor microenvironment as reciprocal regulators that enhance prostate cancer progression. Int J Urol 2016; 23:734-44. [PMID: 27397852 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Distant organ metastasis of prostate cancer is a puzzle, and various theories have successively arisen to explain the mechanism of lethal cancer progression. While perhaps agreeable to many cancer biologists, the very statement of "seed and soil" proposed by Stephan Paget in 1881 is arguably still the major statement for organ-specific cancer metastasis. Since recent studies showed important correlations of regulation of cancer cells and the microenvironment, exosomes from cancer and stromal cells seem to create another important niche for metastasis. Stromal cells pretreated with exosomes from metastatic cancer cells increase the potential of change stromal cells. The poorly metastatic cancer cells could also enhance malignancy through transfer of proteins, microribonucleic acid and messenger ribonucleic acid to recipient cancer cells. Herein, we reviewed extracellular exosomes as a factor involved in cross-talk between stromal and prostate cancer epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Ming Liu
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Hsieh
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Shen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Lin
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Katsumi Shigemura
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shian-Ying Sung
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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46
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Pleshkan VV, Alekseenko IV, Tyulkina DV, Kyzmich AI, Zinovyeva MV, Sverdlov ED. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as a possible target of the antitumor strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.18821/0208-0613-2016-34-3-90-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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