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Lanng KRB, Lauridsen EL, Jakobsen MR. The balance of STING signaling orchestrates immunity in cancer. Nat Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41590-024-01872-3. [PMID: 38918609 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, it has become clear that the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is critical for a variety of immune responses. This endoplasmic reticulum-anchored adaptor protein has regulatory functions in host immunity across a spectrum of conditions, including infectious diseases, autoimmunity, neurobiology and cancer. In this Review, we outline the central importance of STING in immunological processes driven by expression of type I and III interferons, as well as inflammatory cytokines, and we look at therapeutic options for targeting STING. We also examine evidence that challenges the prevailing notion that STING activation is predominantly beneficial in combating cancer. Further exploration is imperative to discern whether STING activation in the tumor microenvironment confers true benefits or has detrimental effects. Research in this field is at a crossroads, as a clearer understanding of the nuanced functions of STING activation in cancer is required for the development of next-generation therapies.
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2
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Nicolas Y, Bret H, Cannavo E, Acharya A, Cejka P, Borde V, Guerois R. Molecular insights into the activation of Mre11-Rad50 endonuclease activity by Sae2/CtIP. Mol Cell 2024; 84:2223-2237.e4. [PMID: 38870937 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 (MRX)-Sae2 nuclease activity is required for the resection of DNA breaks with secondary structures or protein blocks, while in humans, the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) homolog with CtIP is needed to initiate DNA end resection of all breaks. Phosphorylated Sae2/CtIP stimulates the endonuclease activity of MRX/N. Structural insights into the activation of the Mre11 nuclease are available only for organisms lacking Sae2/CtIP, so little is known about how Sae2/CtIP activates the nuclease ensemble. Here, we uncover the mechanism of Mre11 activation by Sae2 using a combination of AlphaFold2 structural modeling of biochemical and genetic assays. We show that Sae2 stabilizes the Mre11 nuclease in a conformation poised to cleave substrate DNA. Several designs of compensatory mutations establish how Sae2 activates MRX in vitro and in vivo, supporting the structural model. Finally, our study uncovers how human CtIP, despite considerable sequence divergence, employs a similar mechanism to activate MRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Nicolas
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3244, Dynamics of Genetic Information, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Bret
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Elda Cannavo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Ananya Acharya
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Petr Cejka
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland.
| | - Valérie Borde
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3244, Dynamics of Genetic Information, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Raphaël Guerois
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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He J, Kou SH, Li J, Ding X, Wang SM. Pathogenic variants in human DNA damage repair genes mostly arose after the latest human out-of-Africa migration. Front Genet 2024; 15:1408952. [PMID: 38948361 PMCID: PMC11211533 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1408952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The DNA damage repair (DDR) system in human genome is pivotal in maintaining genomic integrity. Pathogenic variation (PV) in DDR genes impairs their function, leading to genome instability and increased susceptibility to diseases, especially cancer. Understanding the evolution origin and arising time of DDR PV is crucial for comprehending disease susceptibility in modern humans. Methods We used big data approach to identify the PVs in DDR genes in modern humans. We mined multiple genomic databases derived from 251,214 modern humans of African and non-Africans. We compared the DDR PVs between African and non-African. We also mined the DDR PVs in the genomic data derived from 5,031 ancient humans. We used the DDR PVs from ancient humans as the intermediate to further the DDR PVs between African and non-African. Results and discussion We identified 1,060 single-base DDR PVs across 77 DDR genes in modern humans of African and non-African. Direct comparison of the DDR PVs between African and non-African showed that 82.1% of the non-African PVs were not present in African. We further identified 397 single-base DDR PVs in 56 DDR genes in the 5,031 ancient humans dated between 45,045 and 100 years before present (BP) lived in Eurasian continent therefore the descendants of the latest out-of-Africa human migrants occurred 50,000-60,000 years ago. By referring to the ancient DDR PVs, we observed that 276 of the 397 (70.3%) ancient DDR PVs were exclusive in non-African, 106 (26.7%) were shared between non-African and African, and only 15 (3.8%) were exclusive in African. We further validated the distribution pattern by testing the PVs in BRCA and TP53, two of the important genes in genome stability maintenance, in African, non-African, and Ancient humans. Our study revealed that DDR PVs in modern humans mostly emerged after the latest out-of-Africa migration. The data provides a foundation to understand the evolutionary basis of disease susceptibility, in particular cancer, in modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - San Ming Wang
- Department of Public Health and Medical Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, China
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4
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Qiu L, Li R, Wang Y, Lu Z, Tu Z, Liu H. PTEN inhibition enhances sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor by suppressing the MRE11-RAD50-NBN complex. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02749-w. [PMID: 38866962 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) can effectively treat ovarian cancer patients with defective homologous recombination (HR). Loss or dysfunction of PTEN, a typical tumour suppressor, impairs double-strand break (DSB) repair. Hence, we explored the possibility of inhibiting PTEN to induce HR deficiency (HRD) for PARPi application. METHODS Functional studies using PTEN inhibitor VO-OHpic and PARPi olaparib were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS In this study, the combination of VO-OHpic with olaparib exhibited synergistic inhibitory effects on ovarian cancer cells was demonstrated. Furthermore, VO-OHpic was shown to enhance DSBs by reducing nuclear expression of PTEN and inhibiting HR repair through the modulation of MRE11-RAD50-NBN (MRN) complex, critical for DSB repair. TCGA and GTEx analysis revealed a strong correlation between PTEN and MRN in ovarian cancer. Mechanistic studies indicated that VO-OHpic reduced expression of MRN, likely by decreasing PTEN/E2F1-mediated transcription. Moreover, PTEN-knockdown inhibited expression of MRN, increased sensitivities to olaparib, and induced DSBs. In vivo experiments showed that the combination of VO-OHpic with olaparib exhibited enhanced inhibitory effects on tumour growth. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study highlights the potential of PTEN inhibitors in combination therapy with PARPis to create HRD for HRD-negative ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruyan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- School of Health Medicine, Nantong Institute of Technology, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Yedla P, Bhamidipati P, Syed R, Amanchy R. Working title: Molecular involvement of p53-MDM2 interactome in gastrointestinal cancers. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4075. [PMID: 38924101 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and p53, marked by transcriptional induction and feedback inhibition, orchestrates a functional loop dictating cellular fate. The functional loop comprising p53-MDM2 axis is made up of an interactome consisting of approximately 81 proteins, which are spatio-temporally regulated and involved in DNA repair mechanisms. Biochemical and genetic alterations of the interactome result in dysregulation of the p53-mdm2 axis that leads to gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. A large subset of interactome is well known and it consists of proteins that either stabilize p53 or MDM2 and proteins that target the p53-MDM2 complex for ubiquitin-mediated destruction. Upstream signaling events brought about by growth factors and chemical messengers invoke a wide variety of posttranslational modifications in p53-MDM2 axis. Biochemical changes in the transactivation domain of p53 impact the energy landscape, induce conformational switching, alter interaction potential and could change solubility of p53 to redefine its co-localization, translocation and activity. A diverse set of chemical compounds mimic physiological effectors and simulate biochemical modifications of the p53-MDM2 interactome. p53-MDM2 interactome plays a crucial role in DNA damage and repair process. Genetic aberrations in the interactome, have resulted in cancers of GI tract (pancreas, liver, colorectal, gastric, biliary, and esophageal). We present in this article a review of the overall changes in the p53-MDM2 interactors and the effectors that form an epicenter for the development of next-generation molecules for understanding and targeting GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornachandra Yedla
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pranav Bhamidipati
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Riyaz Syed
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramars Amanchy
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Mironova E, Molinas S, Pozo VD, Bandyopadhyay AM, Lai Z, Kurmashev D, Schneider EL, Santi DV, Chen Y, Kurmasheva RT. Synergistic Antitumor Activity of Talazoparib and Temozolomide in Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2041. [PMID: 38893160 PMCID: PMC11171327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are among the most aggressive and treatment-resistant malignancies affecting infants, originating in the kidney, brain, liver, and soft tissues. The 5-year event-free survival rate for these cancers is a mere 20%. In nearly all cases of MRT, the SMARCB1 gene (occasionally SMARCA4)-a pivotal component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex-is homozygously deleted, although the precise etiology of these tumors remains unknown. While young patients with localized MRT generally show improved outcomes, especially those who are older and have early-stage disease, the overall prognosis remains poor despite optimal standard treatments. This highlights the urgent need for more effective treatment strategies. We investigated the antitumor activity of a PARP1 inhibitor (talazoparib, TLZ) combined with a DNA alkylating agent (temozolomide, TMZ) in MRT xenograft models. PARP1 is a widely targeted molecule in cancer treatment and, beyond its role in DNA repair, it participates in transcriptional regulation by recruiting chromatin remodeling complexes to modulate DNA accessibility for RNA polymerases. To widen the therapeutic window of the drug combination, we employed PEGylated TLZ (PEG~TLZ), which has been reported to reduce systemic toxicity through slow drug release. Remarkably, our findings indicate that five out of six MRT xenografts exhibited an objective response to PEG~TLZ+TMZ therapy. Significantly, the loss of SMARCB1 was found to confer a protective effect, correlating with higher expression levels of DNA damage and repair proteins in SMARCB1-deficient MRT cells. Additionally, we identified MGMT as a potential biomarker indicative of in vivo MRT response to PEG~TLZ+TMZ therapy. Moreover, our analysis revealed alterations in signaling pathways associated with the observed antitumor efficacy. This study presents a novel and efficacious therapeutic approach for MRT, along with a promising candidate biomarker for predicting tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mironova
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sebastian Molinas
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Vanessa Del Pozo
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Abhik M. Bandyopadhyay
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Dias Kurmashev
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Raushan T. Kurmasheva
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Conway JR, Gillani R, Crowdis J, Reardon B, Park J, Han S, Titchen B, Benamar M, Haq R, Van Allen EM. Somatic structural variants drive distinct modes of oncogenesis in melanoma. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e177270. [PMID: 38758740 PMCID: PMC11213511 DOI: 10.1172/jci177270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The diversity of structural variants (SVs) in melanoma and how they impact oncogenesis are incompletely known. We performed harmonized analysis of SVs across melanoma histologic and genomic subtypes, and we identified distinct global properties between subtypes. These included the frequency and size of SVs and SV classes, their relation to chromothripsis events, and the impact on cancer-related genes of SVs that alter topologically associated domain (TAD) boundaries. Following our prior identification of double-stranded break repair deficiency in a subset of triple-wild-type cutaneous melanoma, we identified MRE11 and NBN loss-of-function SVs in melanomas with this mutational signature. Experimental knockouts of MRE11 and NBN, followed by olaparib cell viability assays in melanoma cells, indicated that dysregulation of each of these genes may cause sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in cutaneous melanomas. Broadly, harmonized analysis of melanoma SVs revealed distinct global genomic properties and molecular drivers, which may have biological and therapeutic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake R. Conway
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Riaz Gillani
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jett Crowdis
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brendan Reardon
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jihye Park
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seunghun Han
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Breanna Titchen
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Rizwan Haq
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine and
| | - Eliezer M. Van Allen
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine and
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Seane EN, Nair S, Vandevoorde C, Joubert A. Mechanistic Sequence of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and Radiation Treatment: An Overview. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:602. [PMID: 38794172 PMCID: PMC11124271 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACis) have shown promising therapeutic outcomes in haematological malignancies such as leukaemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma, with disappointing results in solid tumours when used as monotherapy. As a result, combination therapies either with radiation or other deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damaging agents have been suggested as ideal strategy to improve their efficacy in solid tumours. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that HDACis can sensitise malignant cells to both electromagnetic and particle types of radiation by inhibiting DNA damage repair. Although the radiosensitising ability of HDACis has been reported as early as the 1990s, the mechanisms of radiosensitisation are yet to be fully understood. This review brings forth the various protocols used to sequence the administration of radiation and HDACi treatments in the different studies. The possible contribution of these various protocols to the ambiguity that surrounds the mechanisms of radiosensitisation is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Neo Seane
- Department of Radiography, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7530, South Africa
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Separate Sector Cyclotron (SSC) Laboratory, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
| | - Shankari Nair
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Separate Sector Cyclotron (SSC) Laboratory, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Anna Joubert
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
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Ferenc K, Marcinkowski M, Olszewski J, Kowalczyk P, Pilžys T, Garbicz D, Dib N, Świderska B, Matyba P, Gajewski Z, Grzesiuk E, Zabielski R. The proteomic profile is altered but not repaired after bariatric surgery in type 2 diabetes pigs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10235. [PMID: 38702370 PMCID: PMC11068747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To reveal the sources of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans, animal models, mainly rodents, have been used. Here, we propose a pig model of T2D. Weaned piglets were fed high fat/high sugar diet suppling 150% of metabolizable energy. Measurements of weight gain, blood morphology, glucose plasma levels, cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as glucose tolerance (oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT) were employed to observe T2D development. The histology and mass spectrometry analyses were made post mortem. Within 6 months, the high fat-high sugar (HFHS) fed pigs showed gradual and significant increase in plasma triglycerides and glucose levels in comparison to the controls. Using OGTT test, we found stable glucose intolerance in 10 out of 14 HFHS pigs. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated significant changes in 330 proteins in the intestine, liver, and pancreas of the HFHS pigs. These pigs showed also an increase in DNA base modifications and elevated level of the ALKBH proteins in the tissues. Six diabetic HFHS pigs underwent Scopinaro bariatric surgery restoring glycaemia one month after surgery. In conclusion, a high energy diet applied to piglets resulted in the development of hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, and type 2 diabetes being reversed by a bariatric procedure, excluding the proteomic profile utill one month after the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Ferenc
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Marcinkowski
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Olszewski
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Tomaš Pilžys
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Garbicz
- Institute of Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research, W.K. Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Naser Dib
- European Health Centre Otwock (ECZ Otwock), The Fryderyk Chopin Hospital, Borowa 14/18, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Bianka Świderska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Matyba
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Gajewski
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Grzesiuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Romuald Zabielski
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland.
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10
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Jin P, Duan X, Li L, Zhou P, Zou C, Xie K. Cellular senescence in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e542. [PMID: 38660685 PMCID: PMC11042538 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging exhibits several hallmarks in common with cancer, such as cellular senescence, dysbiosis, inflammation, genomic instability, and epigenetic changes. In recent decades, research into the role of cellular senescence on tumor progression has received widespread attention. While how senescence limits the course of cancer is well established, senescence has also been found to promote certain malignant phenotypes. The tumor-promoting effect of senescence is mainly elicited by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which facilitates the interaction of senescent tumor cells with their surroundings. Targeting senescent cells therefore offers a promising technique for cancer therapy. Drugs that pharmacologically restore the normal function of senescent cells or eliminate them would assist in reestablishing homeostasis of cell signaling. Here, we describe cell senescence, its occurrence, phenotype, and impact on tumor biology. A "one-two-punch" therapeutic strategy in which cancer cell senescence is first induced, followed by the use of senotherapeutics for eliminating the senescent cells is introduced. The advances in the application of senotherapeutics for targeting senescent cells to assist cancer treatment are outlined, with an emphasis on drug categories, and the strategies for their screening, design, and efficient targeting. This work will foster a thorough comprehension and encourage additional research within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Xirui Duan
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Cheng‐Gang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Ke Xie
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
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11
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Kim DY, Yun H, You JE, Lee JU, Kang DH, Ryu YS, Koh DI, Jin DH. Inactivation of VRK1 sensitizes ovarian cancer to PARP inhibition through regulating DNA-PK stability. Exp Cell Res 2024; 438:114036. [PMID: 38614421 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer death. Among the most innovative anti-cancer approaches, the genetic concept of synthetic lethality is that mutations in multiple genes work synergistically to effect cell death. Previous studies found that although vaccinia-related kinase-1 (VRK1) associates with DNA damage repair proteins, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found high VRK1 expression in ovarian tumors, and that VRK1 depletion can significantly promote apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The effect of VRK1 knockdown on apoptosis was manifested by increased DNA damage, genomic instability, and apoptosis, and also blocked non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) by destabilizing DNA-PK. Further, we verified that VRK1 depletion enhanced sensitivity to a PARP inhibitor (PARPi), olaparib, promoting apoptosis through DNA damage, especially in ovarian cancer cell lines with high VRK1 expression. Proteins implicated in DNA damage responses are suitable targets for the development of new anti-cancer therapeutic strategies, and their combination could represent an alternative form of synthetic lethality. Therefore, normal protective DNA damage responses are impaired by combining olaparib with elimination of VRK1 and could be used to reduce drug dose and its associated toxicity. In summary, VRK1 represents both a potential biomarker for PARPi sensitivity, and a new DDR-associated therapeutic target, in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yeon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeseon Yun
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun You
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-U Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kang
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Seong Ryu
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-In Koh
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Jin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Wang F, Yu X, Qian J, Cao Y, Dong S, Zhan S, Lu Z, Bast RC, Song Q, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhou J. A novel SIK2 inhibitor SIC-19 exhibits synthetic lethality with PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 74:101077. [PMID: 38518726 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ovarian cancer patients with HR proficiency (HRP) have had limited benefits from PARP inhibitor treatment, highlighting the need for improved therapeutic strategies. In this study, we developed a novel SIK2 inhibitor, SIC-19, and investigated its potential to enhance the sensitivity and expand the clinical utility of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer. METHODS The SIK2 protein was modeled using a Molecular Operating Environment (MOE), and the most favorable model was selected based on a GBVI/WSA dG scoring function. The Chembridge Compound Library was screened, and the top 20 candidate compounds were tested for their interaction with SIK2 and downstream substrates, AKT-pS473 and MYLK-pS343. SIC-19 emerged as the most promising drug candidate and was further evaluated using multiple assays. RESULTS SIC-19 exhibited selective and potent inhibition of SIK2, leading to its degradation through the ubiquitination pathway. The IC50 of SIC-19 correlated inversely with endogenous SIK2 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines. Treatment with SIC-19 significantly inhibited cancer cell growth and sensitized cells to PARP inhibitors in vitro, as well as in ovarian cancer organoids and xenograft models. Mechanistically, SIK2 knockdown and SIC-19 treatment reduced RAD50 phosphorylation at Ser635, prevented nuclear translocation of RAD50, disrupted nuclear filament assembly, and impaired DNA homologous recombination repair, ultimately inducing apoptosis. These findings highlight the crucial role of SIK2 in the DNA HR repair pathway and demonstrate the significant PARP inhibitor sensitization achieved by SIC-19 in ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS SIC-19, a novel SIK2 inhibitor, effectively inhibits tumor cell growth in ovarian cancer by interfering with RAD50-mediated DNA HR repair. Furthermore, SIC-19 enhances the efficacy of PARP inhibitors, providing a promising therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes for ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Yu
- Department of Imaging Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yumin Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shunli Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shenghua Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert C Bast
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qingxia Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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13
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Hong W, Zhang Y, Wang S, Li Z, Zheng D, Hsu S, Zhou J, Fan J, Chen Z, Xia X, Zeng Z, Gao Q, Yu M, Du S. RECQL4 Inhibits Radiation-Induced Tumor Immune Awakening via Suppressing the cGAS-STING Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308009. [PMID: 38381090 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Many patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) respond poorly to radiotherapy despite remarkable advances in treatment. A deeper insight into the mechanism of sensitivity of HCC to this therapy is urgently required. It is demonstrated that RECQL4 is upregulated in the malignant cells of patients with HCC. Elevated RECQL4 levels reduce the sensitivity of HCC to radiotherapy by repairing radiation-induced double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) fragments. Mechanistically, the inhibitory effect of RECQL4 on radiotherapy is due to the reduced recruitment of dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). RECQL4 disrupts the radiation-induced transformation of the TME into a tumoricidal niche by inhibiting the cGAS-STING pathway in dendritic cells. Knocking out STING in dendritic cells can block the impact of RECQL4 on HCC radiosensitivity. Notably, high RECQL4 expressions in HCC is significantly associated with poor prognosis in multiple independent cohorts. In conclusion, this study highlights how HCC-derived RECQL4 disrupts cGAS-STING pathway activation in dendritic cells through DNA repair, thus reducing the radiosensitivity of HCC. These findings provide new perspectives on the clinical treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Zongjuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Danxue Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Shujung Hsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Zhesheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, New York, NY10003, USA
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhaochong Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Pancreas Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Shisuo Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
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14
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Atkinson J, Bezak E, Le H, Kempson I. DNA Double Strand Break and Response Fluorescent Assays: Choices and Interpretation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2227. [PMID: 38396904 PMCID: PMC10889524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurately characterizing DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) and understanding the DNA damage response (DDR) is crucial for assessing cellular genotoxicity, maintaining genomic integrity, and advancing gene editing technologies. Immunofluorescence-based techniques have proven to be invaluable for quantifying and visualizing DSB repair, providing valuable insights into cellular repair processes. However, the selection of appropriate markers for analysis can be challenging due to the intricate nature of DSB repair mechanisms, often leading to ambiguous interpretations. This comprehensively summarizes the significance of immunofluorescence-based techniques, with their capacity for spatiotemporal visualization, in elucidating complex DDR processes. By evaluating the strengths and limitations of different markers, we identify where they are most relevant chronologically from DSB detection to repair, better contextualizing what each assay represents at a molecular level. This is valuable for identifying biases associated with each assay and facilitates accurate data interpretation. This review aims to improve the precision of DSB quantification, deepen the understanding of DDR processes, assay biases, and pathway choices, and provide practical guidance on marker selection. Each assay offers a unique perspective of the underlying processes, underscoring the need to select markers that are best suited to specific research objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Atkinson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
| | - Eva Bezak
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (E.B.)
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Hien Le
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (E.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ivan Kempson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
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15
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Lopergolo D, Rosini F, Pretegiani E, Bargagli A, Serchi V, Rufa A. Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias: a diagnostic classification approach according to ocular features. Front Integr Neurosci 2024; 17:1275794. [PMID: 38390227 PMCID: PMC10883068 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2023.1275794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCAs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders affecting primarily the cerebellum and/or its afferent tracts, often accompanied by damage of other neurological or extra-neurological systems. Due to the overlap of clinical presentation among ARCAs and the variety of hereditary, acquired, and reversible etiologies that can determine cerebellar dysfunction, the differential diagnosis is challenging, but also urgent considering the ongoing development of promising target therapies. The examination of afferent and efferent visual system may provide neurophysiological and structural information related to cerebellar dysfunction and neurodegeneration thus allowing a possible diagnostic classification approach according to ocular features. While optic coherence tomography (OCT) is applied for the parametrization of the optic nerve and macular area, the eye movements analysis relies on a wide range of eye-tracker devices and the application of machine-learning techniques. We discuss the results of clinical and eye-tracking oculomotor examination, the OCT findings and some advancing of computer science in ARCAs thus providing evidence sustaining the identification of robust eye parameters as possible markers of ARCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lopergolo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- UOC Neurologia e Malattie Neurometaboliche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Rosini
- UOC Stroke Unit, Department of Emergenza-Urgenza, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Pretegiani
- Unit of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudoise Lausanne, Unit of Neurology and Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Universitary Hospital of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Bargagli
- Evalab-Neurosense, Department of Medicine Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Valeria Serchi
- Evalab-Neurosense, Department of Medicine Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rufa
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- UOC Neurologia e Malattie Neurometaboliche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
- Evalab-Neurosense, Department of Medicine Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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16
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Collin V, Biquand É, Tremblay V, Lavoie ÉG, Blondeau A, Gravel A, Galloy M, Lashgari A, Dessapt J, Côté J, Flamand L, Fradet-Turcotte A. The immediate-early protein 1 of human herpesvirus 6B interacts with NBS1 and inhibits ATM signaling. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:725-744. [PMID: 38177923 PMCID: PMC10897193 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral infection often trigger an ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM)-dependent DNA damage response in host cells that suppresses viral replication. Viruses evolved different strategies to counteract this antiviral surveillance system. Here, we report that human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) infection causes genomic instability by suppressing ATM signaling in host cells. Expression of immediate-early protein 1 (IE1) phenocopies this phenotype and blocks homology-directed double-strand break repair. Mechanistically, IE1 interacts with NBS1, and inhibits ATM signaling through two distinct domains. HHV-6B seems to efficiently inhibit ATM signaling as further depletion of either NBS1 or ATM do not significantly boost viral replication in infected cells. Interestingly, viral integration of HHV-6B into the host's telomeres is not strictly dependent on NBS1, challenging current models where integration occurs through homology-directed repair. Given that spontaneous IE1 expression has been detected in cells of subjects with inherited chromosomally-integrated form of HHV-6B (iciHHV-6B), a condition associated with several health conditions, our results raise the possibility of a link between genomic instability and the development of iciHHV-6-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Collin
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Élise Biquand
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
- Department of Molecular biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
- INSERM, Centre d'Étude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Tremblay
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
- Department of Molecular biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Élise G Lavoie
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Andréanne Blondeau
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Annie Gravel
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maxime Galloy
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
- Department of Molecular biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Anahita Lashgari
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
- Department of Molecular biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Julien Dessapt
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
- Department of Molecular biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Jacques Côté
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
- Department of Molecular biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Louis Flamand
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Amélie Fradet-Turcotte
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada.
- Department of Molecular biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.
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17
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Lin K, Chang YC, Billmann M, Ward HN, Le K, Hassan AZ, Bhojoo U, Chan K, Costanzo M, Moffat J, Boone C, Bielinsky AK, Myers CL. A scalable platform for efficient CRISPR-Cas9 chemical-genetic screens of DNA damage-inducing compounds. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2508. [PMID: 38291084 PMCID: PMC10828508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Current approaches to define chemical-genetic interactions (CGIs) in human cell lines are resource-intensive. We designed a scalable chemical-genetic screening platform by generating a DNA damage response (DDR)-focused custom sgRNA library targeting 1011 genes with 3033 sgRNAs. We performed five proof-of-principle compound screens and found that the compounds' known modes-of-action (MoA) were enriched among the compounds' CGIs. These scalable screens recapitulated expected CGIs at a comparable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) relative to genome-wide screens. Furthermore, time-resolved CGIs, captured by sequencing screens at various time points, suggested an unexpected, late interstrand-crosslinking (ICL) repair pathway response to camptothecin-induced DNA damage. Our approach can facilitate screening compounds at scale with 20-fold fewer resources than commonly used genome-wide libraries and produce biologically informative CGI profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ya-Chu Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maximilian Billmann
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henry N Ward
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Khoi Le
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Arshia Z Hassan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Urvi Bhojoo
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine Chan
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Costanzo
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles Boone
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anja-Katrin Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Chad L Myers
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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18
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Yip HYK, Shin SY, Chee A, Ang CS, Rossello FJ, Wong LH, Nguyen LK, Papa A. Integrative modeling uncovers p21-driven drug resistance and prioritizes therapies for PIK3CA-mutant breast cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:20. [PMID: 38273040 PMCID: PMC10810864 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Utility of PI3Kα inhibitors like BYL719 is limited by the acquisition of genetic and non-genetic mechanisms of resistance which cause disease recurrence. Several combination therapies based on PI3K inhibition have been proposed, but a way to systematically prioritize them for breast cancer treatment is still missing. By integrating published and in-house studies, we have developed in silico models that quantitatively capture dynamics of PI3K signaling at the network-level under a BYL719-sensitive versus BYL719 resistant-cell state. Computational predictions show that signal rewiring to alternative components of the PI3K pathway promote resistance to BYL719 and identify PDK1 as the most effective co-target with PI3Kα rescuing sensitivity of resistant cells to BYL719. To explore whether PI3K pathway-independent mechanisms further contribute to BYL719 resistance, we performed phosphoproteomics and found that selection of high levels of the cell cycle regulator p21 unexpectedly promoted drug resistance in T47D cells. Functionally, high p21 levels favored repair of BYL719-induced DNA damage and bypass of the associated cellular senescence. Importantly, targeted inhibition of the check-point inhibitor CHK1 with MK-8776 effectively caused death of p21-high T47D cells, thus establishing a new vulnerability of BYL719-resistant breast cancer cells. Together, our integrated studies uncover hidden molecular mediators causing resistance to PI3Kα inhibition and provide a framework to prioritize combination therapies for PI3K-mutant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Yan Kelvin Yip
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Sung-Young Shin
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Annabel Chee
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Fernando J Rossello
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lee Hwa Wong
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Antonella Papa
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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19
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Ali U, Vungarala S, Tiriveedhi V. Genomic Features of Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Breast Cancer: Impact on Testing and Immunotherapy. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:162. [PMID: 38397152 PMCID: PMC10887603 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is one of the well-established hallmarks of cancer. The homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway plays a critical role in correcting the double-stranded breaks (DSB) due to DNA damage in human cells. Traditionally, the BRCA1/2 genes in the HRR pathway have been tested for their association with breast cancer. However, defects in the HRR pathway (HRD, also termed 'BRCAness'), which has up to 50 genes, have been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and treatment susceptibility to poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis), platinum-based chemotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). A reliable consensus on HRD scores is yet to be established. Emerging evidence suggests that only a subset of breast cancer patients benefit from ICI-based immunotherapy. Currently, albeit with limitations, the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) are utilized as biomarkers to predict the favorable outcomes of ICI therapy in breast cancer patients. Preclinical studies demonstrate an interplay between the HRR pathway and PDL1 expression. In this review, we outline the current understanding of the role of HRD in genomic instability leading to breast tumorigenesis and delineate outcomes from various clinical trials. Furthermore, we discuss potential strategies for combining HRD-targeted therapy with immunotherapy to achieve the best healthcare outcomes in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
| | - Sunitha Vungarala
- Meharry-Vanderbilt Alliance, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
| | - Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
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20
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Yu Y, Jia H, Zhang T, Zhang W. Advances in DNA damage response inhibitors in colorectal cancer therapy. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:15-22. [PMID: 38115743 PMCID: PMC10875349 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
One potential cause of cancer is genomic instability that arises in normal cells due to years of DNA damage in the body. The clinical application of radiotherapy and cytotoxic drugs to treat cancer is based on the principle of damaging the DNA of cancer cells. However, the benefits of these treatments also have negative effects on normal tissue. While there have been notable advancements in molecular-driven therapy and immunotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), a considerable portion of patients with advanced CRC do not experience any benefits from these treatments, leading to a poor prognosis. In recent years, targeted therapy aimed at suppressing the DNA damage response (DDR) in cancer cells has emerged as a potential treatment option for CRC patients, offering them more choices for treatment. Currently, the integration of DDR and clinical intervention remains in the exploratory phase. This review primarily elucidates the fundamental principles of DDR inhibitors, provides an overview of their current clinical application status in CRC, and discusses the advancements as well as limitations observed in relevant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- />Department of Colorectal Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Hang Jia
- />Department of Colorectal Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Tianshuai Zhang
- />Department of Colorectal Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Wei Zhang
- />Department of Colorectal Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200433China
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21
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Karakostis K, Malbert-Colas L, Thermou A, Vojtesek B, Fåhraeus R. The DNA damage sensor ATM kinase interacts with the p53 mRNA and guides the DNA damage response pathway. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:21. [PMID: 38263180 PMCID: PMC10804554 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ATM kinase constitutes a master regulatory hub of DNA damage and activates the p53 response pathway by phosphorylating the MDM2 protein, which develops an affinity for the p53 mRNA secondary structure. Disruption of this interaction prevents the activation of the nascent p53. The link of the MDM2 protein-p53 mRNA interaction with the upstream DNA damage sensor ATM kinase and the role of the p53 mRNA in the DNA damage sensing mechanism, are still highly anticipated. METHODS The proximity ligation assay (PLA) has been extensively used to reveal the sub-cellular localisation of the protein-mRNA and protein-protein interactions. ELISA and co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the interactions in vitro and in cells. RESULTS This study provides a novel mechanism whereby the p53 mRNA interacts with the ATM kinase enzyme and shows that the L22L synonymous mutant, known to alter the secondary structure of the p53 mRNA, prevents the interaction. The relevant mechanistic roles in the DNA Damage Sensing pathway, which is linked to downstream DNA damage response, are explored. Following DNA damage (double-stranded DNA breaks activating ATM), activated MDMX protein competes the ATM-p53 mRNA interaction and prevents the association of the p53 mRNA with NBS1 (MRN complex). These data also reveal the binding domains and the phosphorylation events on ATM that regulate the interaction and the trafficking of the complex to the cytoplasm. CONCLUSION The presented model shows a novel interaction of ATM with the p53 mRNA and describes the link between DNA Damage Sensing with the downstream p53 activation pathways; supporting the rising functional implications of synonymous mutations altering secondary mRNA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Karakostis
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris Cité Université, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France.
- Institut de Biotecnologia I de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Laurence Malbert-Colas
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris Cité Université, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
| | - Aikaterini Thermou
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris Cité Université, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
| | - Borek Vojtesek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robin Fåhraeus
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris Cité Université, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France.
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
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22
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Li L, Zhang Y, Zhan Y, Zhong Y, Li X. LINC00467 mediates the 5-fluorouracil resistance in breast cancer cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:80-88. [PMID: 38127229 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a prevalent global disease that requires the development of effective therapeutic approaches. The occurrence of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in breast cancer is emerging, which urgently needs new way to overcome the obstacle. In this study, we validated that the expression of LINC00467 is up-regulated in the breast cancer patients and breast cancer cells. In addition, the high expression of LINC00467 is associated with the 5-FU resistance of breast cancer cells. Interestingly, LINC00467 induced the homologous recombination (HR) repair via promoting the expression of NBS1 in 5-FU resistant breast cancer cells. Furthermore, miR-205 was validated as a common target of LINC00467 and NBS1, indicating that LINC00467 may induce NBS1 via the miRNA-mRNA target. Importantly, we identified that XBP1, as a transcription factor, induced the expression of LINC00467, which resulted in the enhanced HR efficiency and 5-FU resistance. Silencing XBP1 sensitized the 5-FU resistant breast cancer cells to the 5-FU treatment, whereas the ectopic expression of LINC00467 abrogated the effect of XBP1 silencing. In conclusion, LINC00467 enhances the 5-FU resistance by inducing NBS1-mediated DNA repair. LINC00467 also mediates the function of XBP1 in 5-FU resistance in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Taping Rd. No.25, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Taping Rd. No.25, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Zhan
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Taping Rd. No.25, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuanke Zhong
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Taping Rd. No.25, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuehong Li
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Taping Rd. No.25, Luzhou, China.
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23
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Zhou X, Mahdizadeh SJ, Le Gallo M, Eriksson LA, Chevet E, Lafont E. UFMylation: a ubiquitin-like modification. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:52-67. [PMID: 37945409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) add a major degree of complexity to the proteome and are essential controllers of protein homeostasis. Amongst the hundreds of PTMs identified, ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like (UBL) modifications are recognized as key regulators of cellular processes through their ability to affect protein-protein interactions, protein stability, and thus the functions of their protein targets. Here, we focus on the most recently identified UBL, ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1), and the machinery responsible for its transfer to substrates (UFMylation) or its removal (deUFMylation). We first highlight the biochemical peculiarities of these processes, then we develop on how UFMylation and its machinery control various intertwined cellular processes and we highlight some of the outstanding research questions in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Zhou
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Sayyed J Mahdizadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthieu Le Gallo
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
| | - Elodie Lafont
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
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24
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Thomson G, Dickinson L, Jacob Y. Genomic consequences associated with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:342-363. [PMID: 37831618 PMCID: PMC10841553 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated strains of the naturally occurring plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens can transfer virtually any DNA sequence of interest to model plants and crops. This has made Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (AMT) one of the most commonly used tools in agricultural biotechnology. Understanding AMT, and its functional consequences, is of fundamental importance given that it sits at the intersection of many fundamental fields of study, including plant-microbe interactions, DNA repair/genome stability, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Despite extensive research and use of AMT over the last 40 years, the extent of genomic disruption associated with integrating exogenous DNA into plant genomes using this method remains underappreciated. However, new technologies like long-read sequencing make this disruption more apparent, complementing previous findings from multiple research groups that have tackled this question in the past. In this review, we cover progress on the molecular mechanisms involved in Agrobacterium-mediated DNA integration into plant genomes. We also discuss localized mutations at the site of insertion and describe the structure of these DNA insertions, which can range from single copy insertions to large concatemers, consisting of complex DNA originating from different sources. Finally, we discuss the prevalence of large-scale genomic rearrangements associated with the integration of DNA during AMT with examples. Understanding the intended and unintended effects of AMT on genome stability is critical to all plant researchers who use this methodology to generate new genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Thomson
- Yale University, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Lauren Dickinson
- Yale University, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Yannick Jacob
- Yale University, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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25
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Shen W, Lyu Q, Yi R, Sun Y, Zhang W, Wei T, Zhang Y, Shi J, Zhang J. HMGB1 promotes chemoresistance in small cell lung cancer by inducing PARP1-related nucleophagy. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00407-1. [PMID: 38159843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is prone to chemoresistance, which is closely related to genome homeostasis-related processes, such as DNA damage and repair. Nucleophagy is the elimination of specific nuclear substances by cells themselves and is responsible for maintaining genome and chromosome stability. However, the roles of nucleophagy in tumour chemoresistance have not been investigated. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to elucidate the mechanism of chemoresistance in SCLC and reverse this chemoresistance. METHODS RNA-seq data from SCLC cohorts, chemosensitive SCLC cells and the corresponding chemoresistant cells were used to discover genes associated with chemoresistance and patient prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to verify the effect of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) knockdown or overexpression on the chemotherapeutic response in SCLC. The regulatory effect of HMGB1 on nucleophagy was then investigated by coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and mass spectrometry (MS), and the underlying mechanism was explored using pharmacological inhibitors and mutant proteins. RESULTS HMGB1 is a factor indicating poor prognosis and promotes chemoresistance in SCLC. Mechanistically, HMGB1 significantly increases PARP1-LC3 binding to promote nucleophagy via PARP1 PARylation, which leads to PARP1 turnover from DNA lesions and chemoresistance. Furthermore, chemoresistance in SCLC can be attenuated by blockade of the PARP1-LC3 interaction or PARP1 inhibitor (PARPi) treatment. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 can induce PARP1 self-modification, which promotes the interaction of PARP1 with LC3 to promote nucleophagy and thus chemoresistance in SCLC. HMGB1 could be a predictive biomarker for the PARPi response in patients with SCLC. Combining chemotherapy with PARPi treatment is an effective therapeutic strategy for overcoming SCLC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Shen
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Lyu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruibin Yi
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueming Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Matsuda S, Ikura T, Matsuda T. Absolute quantification of DNA damage response proteins. Genes Environ 2023; 45:37. [PMID: 38111058 PMCID: PMC10726557 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA damage response (DDR) and repair are vital for safeguarding genetic information and ensuring the survival and accurate transmission of genetic material. DNA damage, such as DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), triggers a response where sensor proteins recognize DSBs. Information is transmitted to kinases, initiating a sequence resulting in the activation of the DNA damage response and recruitment of other DDR and repair proteins to the DSB site in a highly orderly sequence. Research has traditionally focused on individual protein functions and their order, with limited quantitative analysis, prompting this study's attempt at absolute quantification of DNA damage response and repair proteins and capturing changes in protein chromatin affinity after DNA damage through biochemical fractionation methods. RESULTS To assess the intracellular levels of proteins involved in DDR and repair, multiple proteins associated with different functions were quantified in EPC2-hTERT cells. H2AX had the highest intracellular abundance (1.93 × 106 molecules/cell). The components of the MRN complex were present at the comparable levels: 6.89 × 104 (MRE11), 2.17 × 104 (RAD50), and 2.35 × 104 (NBS1) molecules/cell. MDC1 was present at 1.27 × 104 molecules/cell. The intracellular levels of ATM and ATR kinases were relatively low: 555 and 4860 molecules/cell, respectively. The levels of cellular proteins involved in NHEJ (53BP1: 3.03 × 104; XRCC5: 2.62 × 104; XRCC6: 5.05 × 105 molecules/cell) were more than an order of magnitude higher than that involved in HR (RAD51: 2500 molecules/cell). Furthermore, we analyzed the dynamics of MDC1 and γH2AX proteins in response to DNA damage induced by the unstable agent neocarzinostatin (NCS). Using cell biochemical fractionation, cells were collected and analyzed at different time points after NCS exposure. Results showed that γH2AX in chromatin fraction peaked at 1 h post-exposure and gradually decreased, while MDC1 translocated from the isotonic to the hypertonic fraction, peaking at 1 hour as well. The study suggests increased MDC1 affinity for chromatin through binding to γH2AX induced by DNA damage. The γH2AX-bound MDC1 (in the hypertonic fraction) to γH2AX ratio at 1 h post-exposure was 1:56.4, with lower MDC1 levels which may attributed to competition with other proteins. CONCLUSIONS The approach provided quantitative insights into protein dynamics in DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Matsuda
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2, Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga, 5200811, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ikura
- Laboratory of Chromatin Regulatory Network, Department of Mutagenesis, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoecho, Kyoto Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomonari Matsuda
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2, Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga, 5200811, Japan.
- Laboratories for Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8530, Japan.
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27
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Schuhwerk H, Brabletz T. Mutual regulation of TGFβ-induced oncogenic EMT, cell cycle progression and the DDR. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:86-103. [PMID: 38029866 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
TGFβ signaling and the DNA damage response (DDR) are two cellular toolboxes with a strong impact on cancer biology. While TGFβ as a pleiotropic cytokine affects essentially all hallmarks of cancer, the multifunctional DDR mostly orchestrates cell cycle progression, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling and cell death. One oncogenic effect of TGFβ is the partial activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), conferring invasiveness, cellular plasticity and resistance to various noxae. Several reports show that both individual networks as well as their interface affect chemo-/radiotherapies. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly resolved. EMT often correlates with TGFβ-induced slowing of proliferation, yet numerous studies demonstrate that particularly the co-activated EMT transcription factors counteract anti-proliferative signaling in a partially non-redundant manner. Collectively, evidence piled up over decades underscore a multifaceted, reciprocal inter-connection of TGFβ signaling / EMT with the DDR / cell cycle progression, which we will discuss here. Altogether, we conclude that full cell cycle arrest is barely compatible with the propagation of oncogenic EMT traits and further propose that 'EMT-linked DDR plasticity' is a crucial, yet intricate facet of malignancy, decisively affecting metastasis formation and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Schuhwerk
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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28
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Xu Y, Liu K, Li C, Li M, Liu F, Zhou X, Sun M, Ranganathan M, Zhang L, Wang S, Hu X, Xu Y. The Largest Chinese Cohort Study Indicates Homologous Recombination Pathway Gene Mutations as Another Major Genetic Risk Factor for Colorectal Cancer with Heterogeneous Clinical Phenotypes. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0249. [PMID: 37854294 PMCID: PMC10581333 DOI: 10.34133/research.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
While genetic factors were associated with over 30% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, mutations in CRC-susceptibility genes were identified in only 5% to 10% of these patients. Besides, previous studies on hereditary CRC were largely designed to analyze germline mutations in patients with single genetic high-risk factor, which limited understanding of the association between genotype and phenotypes. From January 2015 to December 2018, we retrospectively enrolled 2,181 patients from 8,270 consecutive CRC cases, covering 5 categories of genetic high-risk factors. Leukocyte genomic DNA was analyzed for germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes. The germline mutations under each category were detected and analyzed in association with CRC susceptibility, clinical phenotypes, and prognoses. A total of 462 pathogenic variants were detected in 19.3% of enrolled CRC patients. Mismatch repair gene mutation was identified in 9.1% of patients, most prevalent across all high-risk groups. Homologous recombination (HR) gene mutations were detected in 6.5% of cases, penetrated in early-onset and extra-colonic cancer risk groups. Mutations in HR genes, including BARD1, RAD50, and ATM, were found to increase CRC risk with odds ratios of 2.8-, 3.1-, and 3.1-fold, respectively. CRC patients with distinct germline mutations manifested heterogeneous phenotypes in clinicopathology and long-term prognoses. Thus, germline mutation screenings should be performed for CRC patients with any of those genetic risk factors. This study also reveals that HR gene mutations may be another major driver for increased CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery,
Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery,
Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery,
Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Minghan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery,
Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fangqi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery,
Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology,
Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Menghong Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tissue Bank,
Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Megha Ranganathan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liying Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine,
University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery,
Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hu
- Precision Cancer Medical Center,
Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery,
Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
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29
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De Marco K, Sanese P, Simone C, Grossi V. Histone and DNA Methylation as Epigenetic Regulators of DNA Damage Repair in Gastric Cancer and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4976. [PMID: 37894343 PMCID: PMC10605360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most common malignancies worldwide, is a heterogeneous disease developing from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes. One of the most critical epigenetic alterations in GC is DNA and histone methylation, which affects multiple processes in the cell nucleus, including gene expression and DNA damage repair (DDR). Indeed, the aberrant expression of histone methyltransferases and demethylases influences chromatin accessibility to the DNA repair machinery; moreover, overexpression of DNA methyltransferases results in promoter hypermethylation, which can suppress the transcription of genes involved in DNA repair. Several DDR mechanisms have been recognized so far, with homologous recombination (HR) being the main pathway involved in the repair of double-strand breaks. An increasing number of defective HR genes are emerging in GC, resulting in the identification of important determinants of therapeutic response to DDR inhibitors. This review describes how both histone and DNA methylation affect DDR in the context of GC and discusses how alterations in DDR can help identify new molecular targets to devise more effective therapeutic strategies for GC, with a particular focus on HR-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia De Marco
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Paola Sanese
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonic Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
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Tan J, Sun X, Zhao H, Guan H, Gao S, Zhou P. Double-strand DNA break repair: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e388. [PMID: 37808268 PMCID: PMC10556206 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Double-strand break (DSB), a significant DNA damage brought on by ionizing radiation, acts as an initiating signal in tumor radiotherapy, causing cancer cells death. The two primary pathways for DNA DSB repair in mammalian cells are nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), which cooperate and compete with one another to achieve effective repair. The DSB repair mechanism depends on numerous regulatory variables. DSB recognition and the recruitment of DNA repair components, for instance, depend on the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex and the Ku70/80 heterodimer/DNA-PKcs (DNA-PK) complex, whose control is crucial in determining the DSB repair pathway choice and efficiency of HR and NHEJ. In-depth elucidation on the DSB repair pathway's molecular mechanisms has greatly facilitated for creation of repair proteins or pathways-specific inhibitors to advance precise cancer therapy and boost the effectiveness of cancer radiotherapy. The architectures, roles, molecular processes, and inhibitors of significant target proteins in the DSB repair pathways are reviewed in this article. The strategy and application in cancer therapy are also discussed based on the advancement of inhibitors targeted DSB damage response and repair proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Tan
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xingyao Sun
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Ping‐Kun Zhou
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
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Pernar Kovač M, Tadić V, Kralj J, Duran GE, Stefanelli A, Stupin Polančec D, Dabelić S, Bačić N, Tomicic MT, Heffeter P, Sikic BI, Brozovic A. Carboplatin-induced upregulation of pan β-tubulin and class III β-tubulin is implicated in acquired resistance and cross-resistance of ovarian cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:294. [PMID: 37718345 PMCID: PMC11071939 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy represents a major obstacle to long-term survival in ovarian cancer (OC) patients. Here, we studied the interplay between acquired carboplatin (CBP) resistance using two OC cell models, MES-OV CBP and SK-OV-3 CBP, and non-P-glycoprotein-mediated cross-resistance to paclitaxel (TAX) observed only in MES-OV CBP cells. Decreased platination, mesenchymal-like phenotype, and increased expression of α- and γ-tubulin were observed in both drug-resistant variants compared with parental cells. Both variants revealed increased protein expression of class III β-tubulin (TUBB3) but differences in TUBB3 branching and nuclear morphology. Transient silencing of TUBB3 sensitized MES-OV CBP cells to TAX, and surprisingly also to CBP. This phenomenon was not observed in the SK-OV-3 CBP variant, probably due to the compensation by other β-tubulin isotypes. Reduced TUBB3 levels in MES-OV CBP cells affected DNA repair protein trafficking and increased whole-cell platination level. Furthermore, TUBB3 depletion augmented therapeutic efficiency in additional OC cells, showing vice versa drug-resistant pattern, lacking β-tubulin isotype compensation visible at the level of total β-tubulin (TUBB) in vitro and ex vivo. In summary, the level of TUBB in OC should be considered together with TUBB3 in therapy response prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Pernar Kovač
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Str. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanja Tadić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Str. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Juran Kralj
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Str. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - George E Duran
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr., 94305, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alessia Stefanelli
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sanja Dabelić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Niko Bačić
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Str. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja T Tomicic
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Branimir I Sikic
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr., 94305, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anamaria Brozovic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Str. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Yuan Y, Alzrigat M, Rodriguez-Garcia A, Wang X, Bexelius TS, Johnsen JI, Arsenian-Henriksson M, Liaño-Pons J, Bedoya-Reina OC. Target Genes of c-MYC and MYCN with Prognostic Power in Neuroblastoma Exhibit Different Expressions during Sympathoadrenal Development. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4599. [PMID: 37760568 PMCID: PMC10527308 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the MYC family of transcription factors c-MYC (encoded by MYC), MYCN, and MYCL is prevalent in most human cancers, with an impact on tumor initiation and progression, as well as response to therapy. In neuroblastoma (NB), amplification of the MYCN oncogene and over-expression of MYC characterize approximately 40% and 10% of all high-risk NB cases, respectively. However, the mechanism and stage of neural crest development in which MYCN and c-MYC contribute to the onset and/or progression of NB are not yet fully understood. Here, we hypothesized that subtle differences in the expression of MYCN and/or c-MYC targets could more accurately stratify NB patients in different risk groups rather than using the expression of either MYC gene alone. We employed an integrative approach using the transcriptome of 498 NB patients from the SEQC cohort and previously defined c-MYC and MYCN target genes to model a multigene transcriptional risk score. Our findings demonstrate that defined sets of c-MYC and MYCN targets with significant prognostic value, effectively stratify NB patients into different groups with varying overall survival probabilities. In particular, patients exhibiting a high-risk signature score present unfavorable clinical parameters, including increased clinical risk, higher INSS stage, MYCN amplification, and disease progression. Notably, target genes with prognostic value differ between c-MYC and MYCN, exhibiting distinct expression patterns in the developing sympathoadrenal system. Genes associated with poor outcomes are mainly found in sympathoblasts rather than in chromaffin cells during the sympathoadrenal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Alzrigat
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aida Rodriguez-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xueyao Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Sjöberg Bexelius
- Paediatric Oncology Unit, Astrid Lindgren’s Children Hospital, SE-171 64 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Inge Johnsen
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Arsenian-Henriksson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judit Liaño-Pons
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar C. Bedoya-Reina
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
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Beneyton A, Nonfoux L, Gagné JP, Rodrigue A, Kothari C, Atalay N, Hendzel M, Poirier G, Masson JY. The dynamic process of covalent and non-covalent PARylation in the maintenance of genome integrity: a focus on PARP inhibitors. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad043. [PMID: 37609662 PMCID: PMC10440794 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosylation) (PARylation) by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) is a highly regulated process that consists of the covalent addition of polymers of ADP-ribose (PAR) through post-translational modifications of substrate proteins or non-covalent interactions with PAR via PAR binding domains and motifs, thereby reprogramming their functions. This modification is particularly known for its central role in the maintenance of genomic stability. However, how genomic integrity is controlled by an intricate interplay of covalent PARylation and non-covalent PAR binding remains largely unknown. Of importance, PARylation has caught recent attention for providing a mechanistic basis of synthetic lethality involving PARP inhibitors (PARPi), most notably in homologous recombination (HR)-deficient breast and ovarian tumors. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-cancer effect of PARPi are thought to implicate both catalytic inhibition and trapping of PARP enzymes on DNA. However, the relative contribution of each on tumor-specific cytotoxicity is still unclear. It is paramount to understand these PAR-dependent mechanisms, given that resistance to PARPi is a challenge in the clinic. Deciphering the complex interplay between covalent PARylation and non-covalent PAR binding and defining how PARP trapping and non-trapping events contribute to PARPi anti-tumour activity is essential for developing improved therapeutic strategies. With this perspective, we review the current understanding of PARylation biology in the context of the DNA damage response (DDR) and the mechanisms underlying PARPi activity and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Beneyton
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Louis Nonfoux
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Gagné
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Amélie Rodrigue
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Charu Kothari
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nurgul Atalay
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Michael J Hendzel
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AlbertaT6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Guy G Poirier
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
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Geffen Y, Anand S, Akiyama Y, Yaron TM, Song Y, Johnson JL, Govindan A, Babur Ö, Li Y, Huntsman E, Wang LB, Birger C, Heiman DI, Zhang Q, Miller M, Maruvka YE, Haradhvala NJ, Calinawan A, Belkin S, Kerelsky A, Clauser KR, Krug K, Satpathy S, Payne SH, Mani DR, Gillette MA, Dhanasekaran SM, Thiagarajan M, Mesri M, Rodriguez H, Robles AI, Carr SA, Lazar AJ, Aguet F, Cantley LC, Ding L, Getz G. Pan-cancer analysis of post-translational modifications reveals shared patterns of protein regulation. Cell 2023; 186:3945-3967.e26. [PMID: 37582358 PMCID: PMC10680287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play key roles in regulating cell signaling and physiology in both normal and cancer cells. Advances in mass spectrometry enable high-throughput, accurate, and sensitive measurement of PTM levels to better understand their role, prevalence, and crosstalk. Here, we analyze the largest collection of proteogenomics data from 1,110 patients with PTM profiles across 11 cancer types (10 from the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium [CPTAC]). Our study reveals pan-cancer patterns of changes in protein acetylation and phosphorylation involved in hallmark cancer processes. These patterns revealed subsets of tumors, from different cancer types, including those with dysregulated DNA repair driven by phosphorylation, altered metabolic regulation associated with immune response driven by acetylation, affected kinase specificity by crosstalk between acetylation and phosphorylation, and modified histone regulation. Overall, this resource highlights the rich biology governed by PTMs and exposes potential new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Geffen
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shankara Anand
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yo Akiyama
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tomer M Yaron
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yizhe Song
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jared L Johnson
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Akshay Govindan
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Özgün Babur
- Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emily Huntsman
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Liang-Bo Wang
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chet Birger
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David I Heiman
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mendy Miller
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yosef E Maruvka
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Lokey Center for Life Science and Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nicholas J Haradhvala
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Anna Calinawan
- Department of Genetic and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Saveliy Belkin
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexander Kerelsky
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Karl R Clauser
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Karsten Krug
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shankha Satpathy
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Samuel H Payne
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - D R Mani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael A Gillette
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Mathangi Thiagarajan
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Departments of Pathology & Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - François Aguet
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Li Ding
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Albarakati N, Al-Ghamdi H, Al-Sowayan B, Alshareeda A. Homologous recombination mRNAs (RAD21, RAD50 and BARD1) have a potentially poor prognostic role in ERBB2-low bladder cancer patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11738. [PMID: 37474724 PMCID: PMC10359419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38923-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/ERBB2) factor is known to be implicated in many malignancies and the potential of it as a prognostic biomarker was reported years ago. Molecular subtypes of HER2/ERBB2 negative and positive with distinct clinical outcomes have been identified in recent years; however, it is still under investigation for bladder cancer. This study evaluates the biological and prognostic significance of RAD21, RAD50 and BARD1 (homologous recombination biomarkers) mRNA levels with ERBB2 low and high expression to explore their impact on bladder cancer patient survival and cancer aggressiveness. The expression of ERBB2, RAD21, RAD50 and BARD1 mRNA levels was assessed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) bladder cancer dataset along with four validation cohorts. Outcome analysis was evaluated using disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between RAD21, RAD50, BARD1 and ERBB2 expression and clinicopathological variables. A significant increase in mRNA expression levels of RAD21, RAD50 and BARD1 was noticed in ERBB2-low patients compared to ERBB2-high patients. This overexpression of the homologous recombination repair transcripts was associated with poor outcome in ERBB2-low tumors, not in ERBB2-high tumors. Furthermore, the combined expression of high RAD21/RAD50, high RAD21/BARD1 or high RAD50/BARD1 were significantly associated with worse DFS and a better outcome for those with low co-expression in the ERBB2-low cohort. High expression of either RAD21/RAD50 or RAD21/BARD1 in ERBB2-low cohort associated with higher chance of metastasis. In addition, gene expression of BARD1 alone or in combination with RAD50 acted as an independent prognostic factor for worst survival. The data presented in this study reveal a connection between RAD21, RAD50, BARD1 and ERBB2 and patient survival. Importantly, it provided novel findings and potential prognostic markers, particularly in ERBB2-low bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Albarakati
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hanin Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batla Al-Sowayan
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alshareeda
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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36
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Petroni M, La Monica V, Fabretti F, Augusto M, Battaglini D, Polonara F, Di Giulio S, Giannini G. The Multiple Faces of the MRN Complex: Roles in Medulloblastoma and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3599. [PMID: 37509263 PMCID: PMC10377613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypomorphic mutations in MRN complex genes are frequently found in cancer, supporting their role as oncosuppressors. However, unlike canonical oncosuppressors, MRN proteins are often overexpressed in tumor tissues, where they actively work to counteract DSBs induced by both oncogene-dependent RS and radio-chemotherapy. Moreover, at the same time, MRN genes are also essential genes, since the constitutive KO of each component leads to embryonic lethality. Therefore, even though it is paradoxical, MRN genes may work as oncosuppressive, oncopromoting, and essential genes. In this review, we discussed how alterations in the MRN complex impact the physiopathology of cancer, in light of our recent discoveries on the gene-dosage-dependent effect of NBS1 in Medulloblastoma. These updates aim to understand whether MRN complex can be realistically used as a prognostic/predictive marker and/or as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Petroni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica La Monica
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fabretti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariaconcetta Augusto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Damiana Battaglini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Polonara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Giulio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
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37
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Alblihy A, Ali R, Algethami M, Ritchie AA, Shoqafi A, Alqahtani S, Mesquita KA, Toss MS, Ordóñez-Morán P, Jeyapalan JN, Dekker L, Salerno M, Hartsuiker E, Grabowska AM, Rakha EA, Mongan NP, Madhusudan S. Selective Killing of BRCA2-Deficient Ovarian Cancer Cells via MRE11 Blockade. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10966. [PMID: 37446144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The MRE11 nuclease is essential during DNA damage recognition, homologous recombination, and replication. BRCA2 plays important roles during homologous recombination and replication. Here, we show that effecting an MRE11 blockade using a prototypical inhibitor (Mirin) induces synthetic lethality (SL) in BRCA2-deficient ovarian cancer cells, HeLa cells, and 3D spheroids compared to BRCA2-proficient controls. Increased cytotoxicity was associated with double-strand break accumulation, S-phase cell cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis. An in silico analysis revealed Mirin docking onto the active site of MRE11. While Mirin sensitises DT40 MRE11+/- cells to the Top1 poison SN-38, it does not sensitise nuclease-dead MRE11 cells to this compound confirming that Mirin specifically inhibits Mre11 nuclease activity. MRE11 knockdown reduced cell viability in BRCA2-deficient PEO1 cells but not in BRCA2-proficient PEO4 cells. In a Mirin-resistant model, we show the downregulation of 53BP1 and DNA repair upregulation, leading to resistance, including in in vivo xenograft models. In a clinical cohort of human ovarian tumours, low levels of BRCA2 expression with high levels of MRE11 co-expression were linked with worse progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.005) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.001). We conclude that MRE11 is an attractive SL target, and the pharmaceutical development of MRE11 inhibitors for precision oncology therapeutics may be of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Alblihy
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Reem Ali
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Mashael Algethami
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Alison A Ritchie
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Ahmed Shoqafi
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Shatha Alqahtani
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Katia A Mesquita
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Michael S Toss
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Paloma Ordóñez-Morán
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Jennie N Jeyapalan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Lodewijk Dekker
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Martina Salerno
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Edgar Hartsuiker
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Anna M Grabowska
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
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Yang J, Xu P, Chen Z, Zhang X, Xia Y, Fang L, Xie L, Li B, Xu Z. N6-methyadenosine modified SUV39H2 regulates homologous recombination through epigenetic repression of DUSP6 in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 558:216092. [PMID: 36806557 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite many advances in treatment over the past few years, the poor 5-year survival rate and high recurrence rate of gastric cancer (GC) remain unsatisfactory. As the most abundant epigenetic modification in the eukaryotic mRNA, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation participates in tumor progression and tissue development. During tumor progression, DNA damage repair mechanisms can be reprogrammed to give new growth advantages on tumor clones whose genomic integrity is disturbed. Here we detected the elevated SUV39H2 expression in GC tissues and cell lines. Functionally, SUV39H2 promoted GC proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, METTL3-mediated m6A modification promotes mRNA stability of SUV39H2 in an IGF2BP2 dependent manner, resulting in upregulated mRNA expression of SUV39H2. As a histone methyltransferase, SUV39H2 was verified to increase the phosphorylation level of ATM through transcriptional repression of DUSP6, thereby promoting HRR and ultimately inhibiting GC chemosensitivity to cisplatin. Collectively, these results indicate the specific mechanism of m6A-modified SUV39H2 as a histone methyltransferase promoting HRR to inhibit the chemosensitivity of GC. SUV39H2 is expected to become a key target in the precision targeted therapy of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Penghui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zetian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiwen Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lang Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China.
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Otahalova B, Volkova Z, Soukupova J, Kleiblova P, Janatova M, Vocka M, Macurek L, Kleibl Z. Importance of Germline and Somatic Alterations in Human MRE11, RAD50, and NBN Genes Coding for MRN Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065612. [PMID: 36982687 PMCID: PMC10051278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The MRE11, RAD50, and NBN genes encode for the nuclear MRN protein complex, which senses the DNA double strand breaks and initiates the DNA repair. The MRN complex also participates in the activation of ATM kinase, which coordinates DNA repair with the p53-dependent cell cycle checkpoint arrest. Carriers of homozygous germline pathogenic variants in the MRN complex genes or compound heterozygotes develop phenotypically distinct rare autosomal recessive syndromes characterized by chromosomal instability and neurological symptoms. Heterozygous germline alterations in the MRN complex genes have been associated with a poorly-specified predisposition to various cancer types. Somatic alterations in the MRN complex genes may represent valuable predictive and prognostic biomarkers in cancer patients. MRN complex genes have been targeted in several next-generation sequencing panels for cancer and neurological disorders, but interpretation of the identified alterations is challenging due to the complexity of MRN complex function in the DNA damage response. In this review, we outline the structural characteristics of the MRE11, RAD50 and NBN proteins, the assembly and functions of the MRN complex from the perspective of clinical interpretation of germline and somatic alterations in the MRE11, RAD50 and NBN genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Otahalova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Volkova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Soukupova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kleiblova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Janatova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vocka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Macurek
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kleibl
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, 12853 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-22496-4287
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40
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Maslov DV, Sember Q, Cham J, Bhangoo M. A review of treatments targeting DNA-repair gene defects in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1150777. [PMID: 36998466 PMCID: PMC10046303 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1150777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. About 6% of those diagnosed will develop metastatic disease. Unfortunately, metastatic prostate cancer is fatal. Prostate cancer can be castration sensitive or castration resistant. Many treatments have been shown to improve progression free survival and overall survival in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In recent years, studies have been exploring targeting mutations in the DNA Damage Repair (DDR) response that may amplify oncogenes. In this paper, we aim to discuss DDR, new approved targeted therapies, and the most recent clinical trials in the setting of metastatic CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana V. Maslov
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Scripps Health System, San Diego, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Diana V. Maslov,
| | - Quinne Sember
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Scripps Health System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jason Cham
- Scripps Clinic/Green Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Munveer Bhangoo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Scripps Health System, San Diego, CA, United States
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41
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Aguilar-Hernández L, Alejandre R, César Morales-Medina J, Iannitti T, Flores G. Cellular mechanisms in brain aging: Focus on physiological and pathological aging. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 128:102210. [PMID: 36496000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural phenomenon characterized by accumulation of cellular damage and debris. Oxidative stress, cellular senescence, sustained inflammation, and DNA damage are the main cellular processes characteristic of aging associated with morphological and functional decline. These effects tend to be more pronounced in tissues with high metabolic rates such as the brain, mainly in regions such as the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. These regions are highly related to cognitive behavior, and therefore their atrophy usually leads to decline in processes such as memory and learning. These cognitive declines can occur in physiological aging and are exacerbated in pathological aging. In this article, we review the cellular processes that underlie the triggers of aging and how they relate to one another, causing the atrophy of nerve tissue that is typical of aging. The main topic of this review to determine the central factor that triggers all the cellular processes that lead to cellular aging and discriminate between normal and pathological aging. Finally, we review how the use of supplements with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties reduces the cognitive decline typical of aging, which reinforces the hypothesis of oxidative stress and cellular damage as contributors of physiological atrophy of aging. Moreover, cumulative evidence suggests their possible use as therapies, which improve the aging population's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Aguilar-Hernández
- Lab. Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, San Manuel 72570, Puebla, Mexico; Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Alejandre
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Julio César Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, AP 62, CP 90000 Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Tommaso Iannitti
- University of Ferrara, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Lab. Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, San Manuel 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
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42
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Feng H, Cao S, Ouyang Q, Li H, Li X, Chen K, Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhang X, Ma X. Prevalence of germline mutations in cancer susceptibility genes in Chinese patients with renal cell carcinoma. Transl Androl Urol 2023; 12:308-319. [PMID: 36915884 PMCID: PMC10006011 DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Germline pathogenic variants are estimated to affect 3-5% of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The identification of patients with hereditary RCC is important for cancer screening and treatment guidance. Methods Whole-exome sequencing (WES) (n=69) or gene panel sequencing containing 139 genes (n=54) related to germline cancer predisposition was used to analyze germline mutations in 123 patients with RCC admitted to Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital. Chi-square test (χ2) was used to analyze relationship between clinicopathologic parameters and germline mutations. Results A total of 13 (10.57%) patients carried pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline mutations in 10 cancer predisposition genes, including VHL, FH, FLCN, SDHB, MUTYH, RAD51C, NBN, RAD50, FANCI, and FANCM. A total of 6 of these 10 cancer predisposition genes were associated with maintenance of genomic stability and DNA repair. Patients harboring pathogenic germline mutations tended to have an earlier RCC onset. The prevalence of deleterious mutations was higher in patients with bilateral or multifocal RCC compared to patients without bilateral or multifocal RCC. Patients with non-clear cell RCC (nccRCC) were significantly more likely to have RCC-associated gene mutations. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of pathogenic germline mutations in the FANCI and FANCM genes and heterozygous germline missense mutation in exon 5 of the FH gene c.563A>T:p.N188I in RCC. Young RCC patients, patients with bilateral or multifocal RCC, or patients with nccRCC are more likely to have pathogenic/potentially pathogenic germline mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Feng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shouqing Cao
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,College of Graduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Qing Ouyang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huaikang Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiubin Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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A novel DNA double-strand breaks biosensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Biomater Res 2023; 27:15. [PMID: 36803668 PMCID: PMC9936723 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Revealing the spatiotemporal behavior of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is crucial for understanding the processes of DNA damage and repair. Traditionally, γH2AX and DNA damage response (DDR) factors have been used to detect DSBs using classical biochemical assays, such as antibody-based immunostaining. However, a reliable method to visualize and assess DSB activity real-time in living cells is yet to be established. Herein, we developed a novel DNA double-strand breaks biosensor (DSBS) based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) by employing the H2AX and BRCT1 domains. By applying FRET imaging with DSBS, we show that DSBS specifically reacts to drug- or ionizing radiation (IR)-induced γH2AX activity, allowing for the quantification of DSB events at high spatiotemporal resolutions. Taken together, we provide a new experimental tool to evaluate the spatiotemporal dynamics of DNA double-strand breaks. Ultimately, our biosensor can be useful for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying DNA damage and repair processes.
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44
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Advanced ovarian clear cell carcinoma with RAD50 mutation treated by PARP inhibitor pamiparib combined with anti-angiogenesis therapy: a case report. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:290-293. [PMID: 36729997 PMCID: PMC9815817 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a relatively uncommon epithelial ovarian malignancy with unique clinical, histopathologic and genetic characteristics. Patients with advanced OCCC have poor outcomes and are resistant to standard chemotherapy. Targeted therapy offers a novel approach for treating OCCC. We report the case of a 45-year-old female patient with advanced OCCC who experienced relapse after standard treatment. Further, a frameshift mutation in the homologous recombination repair-related gene RAD50 (RAD50-p.I371Ffs*8) was identified by genetic testing. Next, the patient had received targeted combination therapy with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor pamiparib and bevacizumab, achieving partial remission. Patient's symptoms improved significantly compared to before. To date, the patient has been followed up for more than half a year with favorable survival and high quality of life. The case report suggested that parmiparib-targeted therapy is a viable treatment option for advanced OCCC patients with RAD50 mutation.
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45
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Zhang X, Xiang S, Zhang Y, Liu S, Lei G, Hines S, Wang N, Lin H. In vitro study to identify ligand-independent function of estrogen receptor-α in suppressing DNA damage-induced chondrocyte senescence. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22746. [PMID: 36622202 PMCID: PMC10369926 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201228r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In osteoarthritis (OA), chondrocytes undergo many pathological alternations that are linked with cellular senescence. However, the exact pathways that lead to the generation of a senescence-like phenotype in OA chondrocytes are not clear. Previously, we found that loss of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) was associated with an increased senescence level in human chondrocytes. Since DNA damage is a common cause of cellular senescence, we aimed to study the relationship among ERα levels, DNA damage, and senescence in chondrocytes. We first examined the levels of ERα, representative markers of DNA damage and senescence in normal and OA cartilage harvested from male and female human donors, as well as from male mice. The influence of DNA damage on ERα levels was studied by treating human chondrocytes with doxorubicin (DOX), which is an often-used DNA-damaging agent. Next, we tested the potential of overexpressing ERα in reducing DNA damage and senescence levels. Lastly, we explored the interaction between ERα and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. Results indicated that the OA chondrocytes contained DNA damage and displayed senescence features, which were accompanied by significantly reduced ERα levels. Overexpression of ERα reduced the levels of DNA damage and senescence in DOX-treated normal chondrocytes and OA chondrocytes. Moreover, DOX-induced the activation of NF-κB pathway, which was partially reversed by overexpressing ERα. Taken together, our results demonstrated the critical role of ERα in maintaining the health of chondrocytes by inhibiting DNA damage and senescence. This study also suggests that maintaining the ERα level may represent a new avenue to prevent and treat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiqi Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yiqian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guanghua Lei
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sophie Hines
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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46
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Belmonte-Fernández A, Herrero-Ruíz J, Galindo-Moreno M, Limón-Mortés MC, Mora-Santos M, Sáez C, Japón MÁ, Tortolero M, Romero F. Cisplatin-induced cell death increases the degradation of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex through the autophagy/lysosomal pathway. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:488-499. [PMID: 36477079 PMCID: PMC9950126 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin and other platinum-based anticancer agents are among the most widely used chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of different types of cancer. However, it is common to find patients who respond well to treatment at first but later relapse due to the appearance of resistance to cisplatin. Among the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon is the increase in DNA damage repair. Here, we elucidate the effect of cisplatin on the MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) DNA damage sensor complex. We found that the tumor suppressor FBXW7 is a key factor in controlling the turnover of the MRN complex by inducing its degradation through lysosomes. Inhibition of lysosomal enzymes allowed the detection of the association of FBXW7-dependent ubiquitylated MRN with LC3 and the autophagy adaptor p62/SQSTM1 and the localization of MRN in lysosomes. Furthermore, cisplatin-induced cell death increased MRN degradation, suggesting that this complex is one of the targets that favor cell death. These findings open the possibility of using the induction of the degradation of the MRN complex after genotoxic damage as a potential therapeutic strategy to eliminate tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joaquín Herrero-Ruíz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, E-41012, Spain
| | - María Galindo-Moreno
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, E-41012, Spain
| | - M Cristina Limón-Mortés
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, E-41012, Spain
| | - Mar Mora-Santos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, E-41012, Spain
| | - Carmen Sáez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) and Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, E-41013, Spain
| | - Miguel Á Japón
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) and Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, E-41013, Spain
| | - Maria Tortolero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, E-41012, Spain
| | - Francisco Romero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, E-41012, Spain.
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Wang Y, Yao Y, Wei Q, Long S, Chen Y, Xie J, Tan R, Jiang W, Zhang Q, Wu D, Xiao S, Wan F, Fu K. TRIM24 is critical for the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks through regulating the recruitment of MRN complex. Oncogene 2023; 42:586-600. [PMID: 36550358 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex plays a crucial role in DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) sensing and initiation of signaling cascades. However, the precise mechanisms by which the recruitment of MRN complex is regulated has yet to be elucidated. Here, we identified TRIpartite motif-containing protein 24 (TRIM24), a protein considered as an oncogene overexpressed in cancers, as a novel signaling molecule in response to DSBs. TRIM24 is essential for DSBs-induced recruitment of MRN complex and activation of downstream signaling. In the absence of TRIM24, MRN mediated DSBs repair is remarkably diminished. Mechanistically, TRIM24 is phosphorylated by ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and then recruited to DSBs sites, facilitating the accumulation of the MRN components to chromatin. Depletion of TRIM24 sensitizes human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to cancer therapy agent-induced apoptosis and retards the tumor growth in a subcutaneous xenograft tumor mouse model. Together, our data reveal a novel function of TRIM24 in response to DSBs through regulating the MRN complex, which suggests that TRIM24 may be a potential therapeutic molecular target for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanbing Yao
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qunhui Wei
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shichao Long
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqiao Chen
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jinru Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Dongbo Wu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Fengyi Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21025, USA
| | - Kai Fu
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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48
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Jhan JH, Ke HL, Liang PI, Hsu WC, Lee YC, Lin HH, Wu YR, Huang AM, Lee HY, Yeh HC, Wu WJ, Li CC, Li WM. High MRE11 Expression Level Predicts Poor Survival in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:94-100. [PMID: 36688483 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is an aggressive malignancy with characteristics of high metastasis and poor prognosis. There are some particularly different features of UTUC between the Asian and Western countries. Double-strand break repair protein MRE11 is a component of the MRN complex that is involved in the DNA repair pathway. Emerging studies have focused on the role of MRE11 in human malignancies with conflicting results. We aimed to establish the relationship between MRE11 expression and the oncological outcome of UTUC. This study retrospectively reviewed 150 patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy with pathologically confirmed UTUC. Pathologic slides were reviewed, and clinical parameters were collected. An immunohistochemical study was performed, and the cytoplasmic and nuclear-staining results of UTUC were recorded. The expression of MRE11 was analyzed to identify correlations with various clinicopathological parameters, metastasis-free survival, and cancer-specific survival (CSS). MRE11 expression was significantly correlated with patients with a high pathologic stage ( P =0.001), perineural invasion ( P =0.015), and tumor necrosis ( P =0.034). Upon univariate analysis, a high MRE11 expression was associated with poor metastasis-free survival ( P =0.014, 95% CI 1.18, 4.38) and poor CSS ( P =0.001, 95% CI 2.45, 27.75). Upon multivariable analysis, a high MRE11 expression was associated with poor CSS ( P =0.019, 95% CI 1.28, 15.65). In summary, MRE11 expression could serve as a potential predictor of prognosis in patients with UTUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhen-Hao Jhan
- Department of Urology
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - Hung-Lung Ke
- Department of Urology
- Graduate Institute of Medicine
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
| | | | | | | | - Hui-Hui Lin
- Department of Urology
- Graduate Institute of Medicine
| | | | - A-Mei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine
- Graduate Institute of Medicine
- Department of Biochemistry
| | - Hsiang-Ying Lee
- Department of Urology
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Urology
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Department of Urology
- Graduate Institute of Medicine
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Ching-Chia Li
- Department of Urology
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Urology
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
- Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
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49
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DNA Damage Response Mechanisms in Head and Neck Cancer: Significant Implications for Therapy and Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032760. [PMID: 36769087 PMCID: PMC9917521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a term collectively used to describe a heterogeneous group of tumors that arise in the oral cavity, larynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, and represents the sixth most common type of malignancy worldwide. Despite advances in multimodality treatment, the disease has a recurrence rate of around 50%, and the prognosis of metastatic patients remains poor. HNCs are characterized by a high degree of genomic instability, which involves a vicious circle of accumulating DNA damage, defective DNA damage repair (DDR), and replication stress. Nonetheless, the damage that is induced on tumor cells by chemo and radiotherapy relies on defective DDR processes for a successful response to treatment, and may play an important role in the development of novel and more effective therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the genes and proteins that appear to be deregulated in DDR pathways, their implication in HNC pathogenesis, and the rationale behind targeting these genes and pathways for the development of new therapies. We give particular emphasis on the therapeutic targets that have shown promising results at the pre-clinical stage and on those that have so far been associated with a therapeutic advantage in the clinical setting.
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50
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Rotheneder M, Stakyte K, van de Logt E, Bartho JD, Lammens K, Fan Y, Alt A, Kessler B, Jung C, Roos WP, Steigenberger B, Hopfner KP. Cryo-EM structure of the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex reveals the molecular mechanism of scaffolding functions. Mol Cell 2023; 83:167-185.e9. [PMID: 36577401 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The DNA double-strand break repair complex Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) detects and nucleolytically processes DNA ends, activates the ATM kinase, and tethers DNA at break sites. How MRN can act both as nuclease and scaffold protein is not well understood. The cryo-EM structure of MRN from Chaetomium thermophilum reveals a 2:2:1 complex with a single Nbs1 wrapping around the autoinhibited Mre11 nuclease dimer. MRN has two DNA-binding modes, one ATP-dependent mode for loading onto DNA ends and one ATP-independent mode through Mre11's C terminus, suggesting how it may interact with DSBs and intact DNA. MRNs two 60-nm-long coiled-coil domains form a linear rod structure, the apex of which is assembled by the two joined zinc-hook motifs. Apices from two MRN complexes can further dimerize, forming 120-nm spanning MRN-MRN structures. Our results illustrate the architecture of MRN and suggest how it mechanistically integrates catalytic and tethering functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rotheneder
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Stakyte
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Erik van de Logt
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph D Bartho
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Lammens
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Yilan Fan
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Aaron Alt
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Brigitte Kessler
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Christophe Jung
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Wynand P Roos
- Institute for Toxicology, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Barbara Steigenberger
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Karl-Peter Hopfner
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany.
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