Assessment of coping: a new french four-factor structure of the brief COPE inventory

Associations of coping and health-related behaviors with medical students' well-being and performance during objective structured clinical examination

Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a valid method to evaluate medical students' competencies. The present cross-sectional study aimed at determining how students' coping and health-related behaviors are associated with their psychological well-being and performance on the day of the OSCE. Fourth-year medical students answered a set of standardized questionnaires assessing their coping (BCI) and health-related behaviors before the examination (sleep PSQI, physical activity GPAQ). Immediately before the OSCE, they reported their level of instant psychological well-being on multi-dimensional visual analogue scales. OSCE performance was assessed by examiners blinded to the study. Associations were explored using multivariable linear regression models. A total of 482 students were included. Instant psychological well-being was positively associated with the level of positive thinking and of physical activity. It was negatively associated with the level of avoidance and of sleep disturbance. Furthermore, performance was negatively associated with the level of avoidance. Positive thinking, good sleep quality, and higher level of physical activity were all associated with improved well-being before the OSCE. Conversely, avoidance coping behaviors seem to be detrimental to both well-being and OSCE performance. The recommendation is to pay special attention to students who engage in avoidance and to consider implementing stress management programs.Clinical trial: The study protocol was registered on clinicaltrial.gov NCT05393206, date of registration: 11 June 2022.

Coping strategies and psychological distress among mothers during COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of social support

The Indonesian government implemented a large-scale social restriction policy as part of the efforts to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. This policy impacted the population, including mothers, and caused considerable psychological distress. Individual efforts to cope (avoidant and approach coping strategies) and support from significant persons might help handle the distress experienced by mothers. The purpose of this empirical study is to investigate the effect of individual coping strategies on psychological distress and the moderating role of social support among Indonesian mothers. An online survey was administered from 20th to 25th April 2020 to 1534 Indonesian mothers (Mean age 37.12 years; SD 6.63). Brief COPE (28 items), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale/DASS (18 items), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support/MSPSS (12 items) were used to measure coping strategies, psychological distress, and social support, respectively. IBM SPSS 24 software was used to analyze the data. The result showed that moderate and high levels of social support moderated the relationship between approach coping strategies and psychological distress (B = .041, CI .007-.075). When the mother uses approach coping, her psychological distress will decrease further whenever she receives moderate and high level social support. Any level of social support moderated the relationship between avoidant coping and psychological distress (B = -.100, CI -.138-.061). When mother used avoidant coping, her social support at any level served as buffer to her psychological distress. It can be concluded that mothers need to prioritize implementing approach coping strategies to lower their distress. Those who practiced avoidant coping strategies needed social support from their significant persons to decrease their distress.

Development and Initial Validation of a Questionnaire Measuring Self-management Strategies that Promote Psychological Health at Work

BACKGROUND

Self-management strategies have been identified as a promising avenue to promote mental health and functioning at work. However, the absence of a validated questionnaire to assess the use of strategies that can be adopted in the workplace has limited empirical research on this topic. This study seeks to develop and validate a questionnaire measuring mental health self-management strategies used by workers to promote their mental health and functioning at work: the Workplace Mental Health Self-Management Questionnaire (WMHSQ).

METHODS

An initial list of 72 self-management strategies was generated from the content of 25 interviews conducted with workers experiencing depressive or anxiety symptoms. Content experts on mental health at work identified the 47 most relevant items. To validate the WMHSQ, 365 workers completed the WMHSQ and criterion-related measures (depressive and anxiety symptoms, work functioning, self-management and coping). Two weeks later, 235 participants completed the WMHSQ once again.

RESULTS

Principal component analysis revealed a four-factor solution composed of 21 self-management strategies: Managing Thoughts and Emotions, Managing Recovery, Managing Relationships and Managing Tasks. The WMHSQ shows adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Correlational analyses support convergent and concurrent validity.

LIMITATIONS

Since this is an initial psychometric validation of the WMHSQ, only an exploratory factor analysis was performed. It will therefore be important to validate the structure of this new psychometric tool through confirmatory factor analysis in a subsequent study.

CONCLUSIONS

The strategies identified in the WMHSQ can form the basis for developing practical tools and interventions to promote mental health self-management at work.

Cognition and emotional distress in middle-aged and older adults with spina bifida myelomeningocele

PURPOSE

To investigate cognitive functioning and emotional distress in adults aged 55 to 68 years old with spina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM), both with and without hydrocephalus. A secondary aim was to explore the associations between psychosocial factors in relation to emotional distress.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Cross-sectional study of eleven females and eight males with SBM, five with and twelve without hydrocephalus. Cognitive functioning was investigated with neuropsychological tests and self-report measures. Furthermore, participants completed questionnaires regarding resilience, access to social support, coping, and emotional distress. Descriptive statistics were applied, and Spearman Rho correlation coefficients were used to explore the relationships between psychosocial factors and emotional distress.

RESULTS

Eleven exhibited normal cognitive functioning. An observed difference was seen between participants with and without hydrocephalus, where six and five persons reported clinical levels of depression and anxiety, respectively. Positive perceptions of self and future were associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety.

CONCLUSION

This study adds important information about cognitive functioning and emotional distress in an understudied population. The results indicated normal cognitive functioning in adults aged 55 to 68 years with SBM without hydrocephalus. Prevalence of emotional distress was comparable with previous studies of younger adults with SBM. There is a need for longitudinal studies investigating cognition and psychological health to fully capture important aspects of the life course of SBM with and without hydrocephalus.

Coping Strategies and Their Relationship With Subjective Distress due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil

OBJECTIVES

To identify the strategies used by Brazilian adults for coping with the COVID-19 pandemic and to verify the effect of these strategies on subjective distress.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional observational study with online data collection in May/June 2020, November/December 2020, and May/June 2021. The BriefCOPE Inventory and the Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) were used. The prevalence of strategies used at different time points was estimated with a 95% confidence interval and compared with a z-test. A multiple logistic regression model was constructed and the odds ratio (OR, 95%CI) was calculated to verify the probability of subjective distress according to the coping strategy used.

RESULTS

Younger individuals had a lower prevalence of adaptive strategies, which increased significantly with age. Participants with higher income levels had a higher prevalence of adaptive strategies, as did those who were never diagnosed with a mental health disorder. The prevalence of using only maladaptive strategies ranged from 6.1% to 5.4% (p > 0.05). The use of problem-centered strategies (Active Coping and Planning), venting of emotions, and substance use increased with time, while acceptance and behavioral disengagement decreased. In general, the population used problem-centered strategies, but the high prevalence of problem avoidance was striking. Positive reinterpretation and acceptance were protective factors for subjective distress, whereas maladaptive strategies increased the chance of distress. The presence of a negative valence component (problem- or emotion-centered) increased the chance of subjective distress, whereas strategies based on Problem Solving acted as a protective factor.

CONCLUSION

Coping strategies were significantly associated to subjective distress and have changed since the beginning of the pandemic. Strategies focused on emotion regulation may be relevant to minimize distress.

How do they cope? A national cross-sectional study of coping in hospital doctors in Ireland

OBJECTIVES

To measure coping strategies and associated psychological distress, burnout and work ability in hospital doctors in Ireland.

DESIGN

National cross-sectional study of randomised sample of trainee and consultant hospital doctors.

SETTING

Irish publicly funded hospitals and residential institutions.

PARTICIPANTS

1749 doctors returned surveys (55% response rate).

OUTCOME MEASURES

Dependent variables were psychological distress (measured using 12-item General Health Questionnaire), burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory) and work ability (single-item measure). Adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies (Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) were covariates.

RESULTS

The coping mechanism most frequently reported by this cohort was the adaptive strategy of active planning. Increased mean hours worked (MHW) (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03), a low Work Ability Score (OR 3.23; 95% CI 2.47 to 4.23) and maladaptive coping strategies (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.22 to 1.31) were significantly associated with psychological distress. Adaptive coping was associated with decreased psychological distress (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.00). Increased MHW (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.97 to 0.99), insufficient work ability (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.80) and maladaptive coping (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.89) were significantly associated with burnout. Increased MHW (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.00) and maladaptive coping (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.92) were significantly associated with insufficient work ability.

CONCLUSIONS

Adaptive coping is associated with decreased psychological distress but does not mitigate the effect of increased work hours, which are associated with burnout, distress and insufficient work ability, regardless of a doctor's coping style. The burden of psychological distress on doctors cannot be mitigated meaningfully unless workplace factors are addressed.

Quality of life among French breast cancer survivors in comparison with cancer-free women: the Seintinelles study

BACKGROUND

Health-Related Quality of life (HRQoL) in cancer survivors can be significantly affected in the long-term by various consequences resulting from differing levels of severity of cancer and its treatments. Our objective was to identify factors associated with HRQoL in breast cancer survivors (BCSs) and cancer-free women (CFWs).

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional study in Seintinelles volunteers who answered online questionnaires between September 15, 2020 and February 5, 2021. HRQoL was measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire. We collected data on sociodemographic and health-related factors, lifestyle habits, coping mechanisms, locus of control, and health literacy. SAS version 9.4 statistical software was used for analyses. We performed descriptive analyses of the characteristics of the participants in each group and compared these characteristics between the two groups using the Chi2 test or the Student t-test. The adjusted means of the scores of different psychometric scales were calculated and compared using the method of least squares to fit general linear models (GLM) while adjusting for various factors. Multiple linear or multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the factors associated with WHOQOL-BREF scores, separately, in the two groups of participants.

RESULTS

The study involved 722 BCSs and 1359 CFWs aged 26-75 years. BCSs had significantly lower physical health scores and were less likely to be satisfied with their health compared to CFWs (59.5 vs. 63.2, p < 0.0001; and 56.5% vs. 75.2%, p = 0.002, respectively). In both groups, some common factors were positively associated with physical health (high financial level, being professionally active, normal BMI, good health status, alcohol consumption, higher values (> 22) of internal locus of control); or inversely associated (neurological and sleep problems, over two medical consultations/year). In BCSs, treatment by mastectomy or radiation therapy/brachytherapy, a short-time since diagnosis, current cancer therapy, and presence of sequalae were inversely associated with physical health. BCSs' health satisfaction was diminished with lower values of coping by positive thinking (≤ 14) and seeking social support (≤ 18).

CONCLUSIONS

HRQoL can be improved by developing strategies that increase internal locus of control and coping (positive thinking, problem-solving and seeking social support), and through health literacy.

Dyadic coping strategies and quality of care experience: An original study of patients living with multiple sclerosis and their caregivers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Multiple sclerosis has a major impact on the lives of patients and their caregivers. Measuring their experience is essential for improving the quality of care. Based on a sample of patient-informal caregiver dyads we examine whether coping strategies they implemented influenced their self-experience of quality of care.

METHODS

One hundred and eighty three dyads were involved in this cross-sectional study. Self reported data included experience with the quality of care (Musicare) and coping strategies (Brief Cope) for patients and their caregivers. An actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) analysis was performed to assess the dyadic effects of coping strategies on experience of quality of care.

RESULTS

Positive coping strategies were the most used by patients and caregivers alike. They were associated with a better experience of relationships with healthcare professionals, information about the disease and patient reception at the sites providing care. APIM analyses confirmed most of these results and identified one "partner" effect.

CONCLUSION

The experience of the quality of the care of patients living with MS is related to the use of positive coping strategies.

Third-party disability in cochlear implant users

OBJECTIVE

To date, auditory rehabilitation mainly focuses on the person with hearing impairment (PHI). This study aimed to analyse the burden of hearing loss on significant others (SOs), and to explore the impact of contextual and mediating psychosocial co-factors and auditory rehabilitation by cochlear implantation (CI).

DESIGN AND STUDY SAMPLE

Third-party disability (SOS-HEAR) and quality of life (Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire) were evaluated in 41 PHI scheduled for CI surgery and their close partners pre- and 6-month post-implantation. Further, age, hearing status, educational level, depressive symptoms (GDS-15), coping strategies (Brief-COPE), resilience (RS-13), stress (PSQ) of SOs and PHI were studied.

RESULTS

Hearing loss imposes a burden on SOs, particularly in relation to changes in communication and socialisation. Third-party disability was higher in SOs of PHI with lower educational background (p = 0.04) and of advanced age (p = 0.008). Hearing status of SOs negatively correlated with SOS-HEAR (p = 0.04). After CI, quality of life of PHI and third-party disability of SOs improved (p < 0.001), except in relationship changes. SOs with higher pre-operative burden also experienced more third-party disability afterwards (p ≤ 0.003).

CONCLUSION

Audiological rehabilitation should expand to include SOs in the rehabilitation process, as the burden experienced by SOs might persist even after CI.

Reliability and validity of the Japanese short-form arthritis self-efficacy scale in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study

Self-efficacy is the belief that one can perform a specific behavior or task in the future, and it has been associated with physical and psychological aspects in people with chronic musculoskeletal disorders. The self-efficacy of individuals with arthritis can be assessed using the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale. The 8-item Short-Form ASES (ASES-8) has been employed in recent times. However, the reliability and validity of the Japanese ASES-8 (ASES-8J) have not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the ASES-8J. Overall, 179 Japanese participants with knee osteoarthritis (OA) were enrolled. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to confirm internal validity. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to estimate test-retest reliability. Construct validity was analyzed using the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) and the problem-solving and positive thinking subscales of Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE). Discriminant validity was analyzed by comparing "worse" and "better" groups based on pain severity; short-form version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21); Brief Fear of Movement Scale for Osteoarthritis (BFOMSO); Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS); and physical function subscale of Western Ontario and McMaster Arthritis Index. Cronbach's alpha and ICC were 0.94 and 0.81, respectively. Correlation coefficients among ASES-8J, PSEQ, and Brief COPE problem-solving and positive thinking subscales were 0.42, 0.43, and 0.32, respectively. Regarding the depression and stress subscales of DASS-21, BFOMSO, and PCS, the worse group showed significantly lower ASES-8J scores than the better group. Coefficients of correlation among ASES-8J, PSEQ, and the problem-solving and positive thinking subscales of Brief COPE were low to moderate. These findings suggest that the ASES-8J is a valid and reliable tool for assessing self-efficacy in Japanese patients with knee OA and can facilitate comparisons of arthritis self-efficacy between Japanese patients and non-Japanese patients.

The relationship between social support, coping strategies and psychological distress and positive mental well-being in carers of people with borderline personality disorder

BACKGROUND

Informal carers of people with BPD experience high levels of burden and psychological distress relative to other populations. There is a scarcity of research evidencing the influence of modifiable factors on carer outcomes to inform interventions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social support, coping strategies and psychological distress and positive mental well-being in this carer population.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, 1207 carers completed the McLean Screening Instrument for BPD-Carer Version, the Brief COPE, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Kessler Psychological Distress scale, the WHO-5 Well-being Index, and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Data for 863 participants who met the inclusion criteria were analysed.

RESULTS

Carers reported low positive mental well-being and high psychological distress. Perceived social support and several coping strategies were significant unique predictors of psychological distress and positive mental well-being. Perceived social support and positive reframing were the strongest predictors of higher positive mental well-being and lower psychological distress. Self-blame, behavioural disengagement and substance use were the strongest predictors of adverse outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings evidence modifiable factors that may be used to improve informal carer outcomes and indicate that carer interventions may be improved by focusing on reducing the use of self-blame, behavioural disengagement and substance use, and development of quality social support and skills to positively reframe caregiving situations.

Coping with a global crisis-Changes in worries about the Russo-Ukrainian War

Global crises, such as the Russo-Ukrainian War, can lead to worrying, which in turn can result in health problems when not positively coped with. This study investigates how the worries of Germans are related to general coping strategies. Three consecutive online surveys were distributed from the beginning of March until the beginning of May 2022. The surveys assessed participants' worries about the Russo-Ukrainian War and their use of four coping domains for the two preceding weeks. A total of 175 (54.3% female; Mage  = 33.3, SD = 13.6, 18-66 years) participants completed all three questionnaires. Worries and coping (meaning-focused, problem-focused, social, and avoidance coping) declined over time. Cross-sectionally all coping domains, except meaning-focused coping, correlated positively with initial worries, indicating a higher use of coping strategies when worries were present. In line with this, the use of both social and avoidance coping declined over the course of the study when worries were reduced. Furthermore, a higher initial use of avoidance coping was associated with a stronger decline in worries. Worries and coping strategies both declined following the Russian invasion of Ukraine which suggests that worries and coping strategies adapt to one another over time.

CBT program to reduce recidivism risk for road crashes among adolescents and young adults: Results of a randomized controlled study and prospects

Road crashes are the first cause of mortality for young adults aged 18-25 years and the human factor contributes to 90-95% of events. The present study was carried out to determine the efficacity of the ECARR2 recurrence prevention program among adolescents and young adults at high risk of having a new traffic crash in the following months. A total of 288 participants having had a traffic crash that required going to the emergency room, at high risk of accident recurrence (ECARR≥5) were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (n = 144) or the control group (n = 144).

Results

revealed that the risk of recurrence was highest during the first 6 months (66% of recurrences). In per-protocol analysis population, at 6 months after inclusion, the accident recurrence rate was 14.2% ± 3.3% in the intervention group, and 23.5% ± 4.0% in the control group. The intervention had an effect per se, independently of the other predictors (p = 0.020). This effect was mediated by the three interaction variables: BDI, Impulsive Behavior Scale lack of perseverance, and Orientation to Happiness engagement. It was therefore through these dimensions that the intervention had an effect. In conclusion, the ECARR score predicts the risk of recurrence, risk which is the highest during the first 6 months. Finally, results confirm the predictive validity of the ECARR scale. The ECARR score had an effect on the risk of recurrence regardless of group (p = 0.045) and was predictive of recurrence (p = 0.045).A brief psychological intervention such as ECARR2 program, offered to young people ar hight risk of having a new crash, just after the crash, seems to halve the risk of recurrence at 6 months. Future research should improve the brief psychological intervention and its access via a mobile application or few hours in high school or in a driving school given.

Determinants of adherence and consequences of the transition from adolescence to adulthood among young people with severe haemophilia (TRANSHEMO): A multicentric French national observational cross-sectional study based on the FranceCoag registry

INTRODUCTION

It is necessary to gain insights into adherence to healthcare in people with severe haemophilia (PwSH), especially during the transition from paediatric to adult care, which is an important phase in lives of young people with childhood chronic disease. This adherence can be considered as a marker of successful transition.

OBJECTIVES

The main objective of the quantitative phase of the TRANSHEMO project was to compare the adherence to healthcare between adolescents and young adults (YAs) with severe haemophilia. The secondary objective was to identify the determinants (facilitators and barriers) of this adherence and associations between these determinants.

METHODS

A multicentre, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017-2019 on PwSH aged between 14 and 17 years (adolescents) or between 20 and 29 years (YAs), included in the FranceCoag registry and having completed the questionnaires. The adherence to healthcare (treatment regimens and clinical follow-up) was compared between adolescents and YAs using the chi-squared test. The determinants of this adherence were analysed by structural equation modelling.

RESULTS

There were 277 participants, 107 adolescents, and 170 YAs. The rate of adolescents adhering to healthcare was 82.2%, while the rate of YAs was 61.2% (p < .001). The barriers to the adherence to healthcare were being YA, having repeated at least one school grade and presenting mental health concerns.

CONCLUSION

Adolescents had better adherence to healthcare than YAs. According to the determinants enlightened in this project, targeted supportive strategies and adapted therapeutic education programs can be developed for young PwSH to facilitate their adherence to healthcare.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Factors Influencing Pre-Operative Anxiety in Orthognathic Patients

Orthognathic treatment is an important treatment modality to manage severe dentofacial discrepancies. Patients awaiting orthognathic surgery often experience increased anxiety, which may adversely affect post-operative recovery and treatment satisfaction. This study investigated the effects of a number of factors on pre-operative anxiety in orthognathic patients. Seventy patients prospectively recruited from three orthognathic centres in the UK completed a pre-operative questionnaire that included validated scales for measuring anxiety, social support, resilience, and coping styles. Sociodemographic data and satisfaction with the information provided by the clinical team were also elicited from the questionnaire. Univariable analysis showed that social support from a significant other (p = 0.026), resilience (p < 0.001), and satisfaction with the information provided by the clinical team (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with reduced anxiety, whilst avoidance coping (p < 0.001) and coping through seeking social support (p = 0.006) were significantly related to increased anxiety. With the exception of coping by seeking social support, these relationships retained significance in a multivariable regression analysis. Neither gender nor ethnicity moderated the effects of social support on pre-operative anxiety. These findings suggest potential avenues for clinicians to address with future interventions to reduce pre-operative anxiety. Further qualitative research may provide greater clarity on the relationship between these variables and anxiety.

Support- and meaning-focused coping as key factors for maintaining adult quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany

Introduction

During the COVID-19 pandemic, questions about both consequences and helpful strategies to maintain quality of life (QoL) have become increasingly important. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of coping factors during the COVID-19 pandemic, their associations with QoL and the moderating role of certain sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods

Analyses were based on cross-sectional self-reports from German adult participants (N = 2,137, 18-84 years, 52.1% female) of the CORONA HEALTH APP Study from July 2020 to July 2021. Multivariate regression analyses were used to predict (a) coping factors assessed with the Brief COPE and (b) QoL assessed with the WHOQOL-BREF while taking measurement time, central sociodemographic, and health characteristics into account.

Results

During the COVID-19 pandemic, German adults mostly pursued problem- and meaning-focused coping factors and showed a relatively good QoL [Mean values (M) from 57.2 to 73.6, standard deviations (SD) = 16.3-22.6], except for the social domain (M = 57.2, SD = 22.6), and with a decreasing trend over time (β from -0.06 to -0.11, ps < 0.01). Whereas, escape-avoidance coping was negatively related to all QoL domains (β = -0.35, p < 0.001 for psychological, β = -0.22, p < 0.001 for physical, β = -0.13, p = 0.045 for social, β = -0.49, p < 0.001 for environmental QoL), support- and meaning-focused coping showed positive associations with various QoL domains (β from 0.19 to 0.45, ps < 0.01). The results also suggested differences in the pursuit of coping factors as well as in the strength of associations with QoL by sociodemographic characteristics. Escape-avoidance-focused coping was negatively associated with QoL levels in older and less educated adults (simple slopes differed at ps < 0.001), in particular.

Conclusions

The results demonstrated what types of coping may be helpful to avoid QoL deterioration (i.e., support- and meaning-focused coping) and provide implications for future universal or targeted health promotion (i.e., older or less educated adults who lack social or instrumental support) and preparedness in the face of unknown challenging societal situations similar to that of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional trends of enhanced use of escape-avoidance-focused coping and QoL deterioration point toward a need for increased attention from public health and policy.

Patients' preferences in therapeutic decision-making in digestive oncology: a single centre cross-sectional observational study

Considering the preferences in Shared Decision Making (SDM) of patients with Digestive Cancer (DC) is crucial to ensure the quality of care. To date, there is limited information on preferences in SDM of patients with DC. The objectives of this study were to describe digestive cancer patients' preference for involvement in therapeutic decision-making and to identify variables associated with these preferences. An observational prospective study in a French university cancer center has been conducted. Patients completed two questionnaires to qualify and quantify their preference for involvement in therapeutic decision-making: the Control Preference Scale (CPS) and the Autonomy Preference Index (API), which is composed of the Decision Making (DM) score and the Information Seeking (IS) score. Associations between these scores and socio-demographic data, disease-related data, coping strategies (Brief-COPE), physical (QLQ-C30) and psychological (HADS) quality of life were tested. One-hundred fifteen patients returned the questionnaires. The majority of patients reported a passive (49.1%) or a collaborative (43.0%) CPS status. The mean DM score was 39.4 Variables associated with decision-making preferences were occupational status and time since diagnosis. The identification of variables associated with patients' preferences for involvement in decision-making can help make clinicians aware of patients' needs and wishes. However, it can only be determined by interviewing the patient individually.

Brief COPE Short Version (Mini-COPE): A Proposal of Item and Factorial Reduction in Mexican Population

The factorial reduction of Brief COPE has not been successfully replicated by independent studies, and few have been performed in Spanish-speaking populations; therefore, the objective of this study was to perform a factorial reduction of the instrument in a large sample of the Mexican population and perform a convergent and divergent validity of the factors obtained. We distributed a questionnaire via social networks with sociodemographic and psychological variables, including the Brief COPE and the scales of the CPSS, GAD-7, and CES-D to measure stress, anxiety, and depression. A total of 1283 persons were included, most of whom (64.8%) were women and had a bachelor's degree (55.2%). After performing the exploratory factorial analysis, we did not find a model with an adequate fit and a reduced number of factors; therefore, we decided to reduce the number of items according to the most representative ones of adaptive, maladaptive, and emotional coping strategies. The resulting model with three factors showed good fit parameters and good internal consistency of the factors. In addition, the nature and naming of the factors were confirmed by convergent and divergent validity, with significant negative correlations between factor 1 (active/adaptive) and stress, depression, and anxiety, significant positive correlations between factor 2 (avoidant/maladaptive) and these three variables, and no significant correlation between factor 3 (emotional/neutral) and stress or depression. This shortened version of the brief COPE (Mini-COPE) is a good option to evaluate adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies in Spanish-speaking populations.

Individual and Family Determinants for Quality of Life in Parents of Children with Inborn Errors of Metabolism Requiring a Restricted Diet: A Multilevel Analysis Approach

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to compare the quality of life (QoL) for parents of children with inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) requiring a restricted diet with French population norms and investigate parental QoL determinants.

STUDY DESIGN

This cross-sectional study included mothers and/or fathers of children < 18 years of age affected by IEMs requiring a restricted diet (except phenylketonuria) from January 2015 to December 2017. Parents' QoL was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF questionnaire and compared with age- and sex-matched reference values from the French general population. Linear mixed models were used to examine the effects of demographic, socioeconomic, disease-related, and psychocognitive factors on parental QoL, according to a 2-level regression model considering individuals (parents) nested within families.

RESULTS

Of the 1156 parents invited to participate, 785 (68%) were included. Compared with the general population, parents of children with IEMs requiring a restricted diet reported a lower QoL in physical and social relationship domains but a higher QoL in the psychological domain. In the multivariate analysis, characteristics associated with poorer parental QoL included both parent-related factors (being a father, older age, more educated parent, nonworking parent, greater anxiety, seeking more social support, and using less positive thinking and problem-solving coping strategies) and family-related factors (disease complications, increased number of hospital medical providers, child's younger age, single-parent family, and lower family material wealth).

CONCLUSION

Parents of children with IEMs requiring a restricted diet reported poorer QoL in physical and social relationship domains than population norms. Psychocognitive factors, beyond disease-specific and family-related characteristics, were the most important determinants influencing parental QoL and may represent essential aspects for interventions.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02552784.

Do personal and behavioural characteristics of physiotherapy students predict performance during training and course completion?

BACKGROUND

Specific personal and behavioural characteristics are required for competent health care practice. Research investigating relationships between these characteristics and course performance of health professions students is expanding, yet little research is conducted within the undergraduate physiotherapy student population. This study aimed to explore the relationships between personality, approaches to learning, and coping strategies of undergraduate physiotherapy students and their performance in academic, clinical and in-course assessment tasks and course progression.

METHODS

Participants from six cohorts of undergraduate physiotherapy students (commencing years 2012-2017, 66% response rate) completed questionnaires measuring personality (NEO-FFI-3), approaches to learning (RASI) and coping strategies (Brief COPE). Correlation and multiple regression analysis were conducted to investigate relationships between scores on written examinations, in-course assessment tasks and assessments of clinical performance. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare subgroups on these measures in those who completed or did not complete the course.

RESULTS

Conscientiousness and a strategic approach to learning predicted higher scores in written examinations, and for most clinical and in-course assessments with conscientiousness being a stronger predictor. A lack of purpose (surface) learning approach was predictive of lower clinical placement scores. Non-course completers had higher scores for lack of purpose (surface) approach to learning and lower scores for the coping strategies of support seeking and humour.

CONCLUSIONS

This study confirms the importance of conscientiousness and a strategic learning approach on the academic and clinical performance of undergraduate physiotherapy students. Identifying learners with a surface learning approach and low support seeking coping strategies could assist in providing support to students at risk of poor performance and minimising attrition.

A Structural Validation of the Brief COPE Scale among Outpatients with Alcohol and Opioid Use Disorders

Recovery from substance use disorder requires access to effective coping resources. The most widely self-reported questionnaire used to assess coping responses is the Brief COPE; however, different factorial structures were found in a variety of samples. This study aimed to examine across outpatients with substance use disorders the factor structure of the short dispositional French version of the Brief Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced (COPE) inventory. The French version of the Brief COPE was administered in a sample of 318 outpatients with alcohol or opioid substance use disorder. A clustering analysis on latent variables (CLV) followed by a confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the factor structure of the scale. The internal consistency of the Brief COPE and its subscales were also studied. The analysis revealed a nine-factor structure with a revised 24-item version consisting of functional strategies (four items), problem-solving (four items), denial (two items), substance use (two items), social support seeking (four items), behavioral disengagement (two items), religion (two items), blame (two items), and humor (two items) that demonstrated a good fit to the data. This model explained 53% of the total variance with an overall McDonald's omega (ω) of 0.96 for the revised scale. The present work offers a robust and valid nine-factor structure for assessing coping strategies in French outpatients with opioid or alcohol substance use disorder. This structure tends to simplify its use and interpretation of results for both clinicians and researchers.

The brief COPE-A inventory in Russian for adolescents: Validation and evaluation of psychometric properties

In this paper, the results of a psychometric analysis of a Brief Russian-language version of the COPE-A inventory for adolescents are presented. The inventory was designed for identifying coping strategies used in stressful situations and is comprised of 31 items. The study involved 3530 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years old. Using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, it was shown that the data correspond to the expected six-factor configuration, but the distribution of items by factors differs from the theoretical structure. To improve the factor structure, two questions were excluded; the final version included 29 items. The resulting inventory's scales turned out to be highly reliable (Cronbach's alpha values range from 0.72 to 0.89). Additionally, the construct validity of the method was assessed. In conclusion, the adapted version of the Brief COPE-A is suitable for use in the adolescent population.

Relationship between Self-Esteem and Stress Coping Strategies among Internship Nursing Students

BACKGROUND: Self-esteem is an essential personality trait in nursing professionals and nursing students need to have a high self-esteem and effective coping strategies to be successful in their future career. AIM: This study aimed to assess the relationship between the level of self-esteem and the stress coping strategies, used by internship nursing students (intern-nurses), at the completion of their internship training. METHODS: A descriptive correlational cross-sectional design was used to measure self-esteem and identify the stress coping strategies of intern-nurses at Alexandria University. Data were collected with a self-administered questionnaire, including the Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE). The questionnaire was distributed to all intern-nurses (273 intern-nurses) during their last rotation in the internship training. In total, 150 completed the survey, resulting in 54.9% response rate. SPSS software was used for the analysis. RESULTS: In total, 150 intern-nurses participated in the study. The majority of the sample had a moderate to high self-esteem, and the mean total self-esteem was 29.21/40 ± 4.44. The most frequently used coping strategy was problem-solving, followed by social support, positive thinking, and lastly an avoidance coping strategy. There was a positive correlation between self-esteem with both the problem-solving and social support coping strategies. However, there was a negative correlation between the self-esteem score and the avoidance coping strategy. CONCLUSION: The majority of the sample had a moderate to high self-esteem and they use problem-solving and social support coping strategies to manage stress. Intern-nurses with a high self-esteem cope positively and effectively with stress. Conversely, intern-nurses with a low self-esteem cope negatively with stress. Counseling and stress intervention programs are essential to promote nursing students self-esteem and assist them to develop positive and active stress coping strategies.

Dyadic Effect of Coping on the Perceived Impact of ASD of Children on Parental Quality of Life: Report from the ELENA Cohort

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a significant impact on the quality of life (QoL) of families. This study aimed to examine, for parents of children with ASD, the dyadic effect of each parent's coping strategy on the perception of the impact of ASD on their QoL. In total, 164 couples completed self-report questionnaires, including the Par-DD-QoL, to evaluate the parental perception of QoL. Results from the actor-partner interdependence model showed that, in addition to the effect of the mothers' and fathers' emotion-focused coping on their own perception of QoL, the mothers' emotion-focused coping plays a key role in the fathers' perception of QoL. These findings suggest that both parents of children with ASD would benefit from couple-focused interventions.

Identifying and working with appropriate treatment targets with people who are sexually attracted to children

Research has shown that people within society experience sexual attractions to children, and a substantial number of these seek support related to this. However, professional practices around working with minor-attracted persons (MAPs) are variable. Clinicians possess low levels of knowledge about this population and are unclear about the correct treatment goals. In this work we explored the prioritization of different treatment goals by MAPs (n = 150), before investigating the demographic, sexuality-related, and psychological predictors of treatment target prioritization. Self-compassion drove many treatment targets among MAPs. We offer recommendations about how professionals might work collaboratively and effectively with this population.

Personality traits affect anticipatory stress vulnerability and coping effectiveness in occupational critical care situations

The present study aimed at investigating the influence of personality on both anticipatory stress vulnerability and the effectiveness of coping strategies in an occupational stressful context. Following assessment of individual personality traits (Big Five Inventory), 147 volunteers were exposed to the anticipation of a stressful event. Anxiety and cardiac reactivity were assessed as markers of vulnerability to anticipatory stress. Participants were then randomly assigned to three groups and subjected to a 5-min intervention: relaxation breathing, relaxation breathing combined with cardiac biofeedback, and control. The effectiveness of coping interventions was determined through the cardiac coherence score achieved during the intervention. Higher neuroticism was associated with higher anticipatory stress vulnerability, whereas higher conscientiousness and extraversion were related to lower anticipatory stress vulnerability. Relaxation breathing and biofeedback coping interventions contributed to improve the cardiac coherence in all participants, albeit with greater effectiveness in individuals presenting higher score of openness to experience. The present findings demonstrated that personality traits are related to both anticipatory stress vulnerability and effectiveness of coping interventions. These results bring new insights into practical guidelines for stress prevention by considering personality traits. Specific practical applications for health professionals, who are likely to manage stressful situations daily, are discussed.

Psychometric properties and cross-cultural adaptation of the Indonesian version of the Brief COPE in a sample of advanced cancer patients

The Brief COPE Inventory has been proven as acceptable psychometric properties to examine coping strategies among cancer patients. However, most psychometric testing studies have been carried out in Western countries, raising concerns about the properties' relevance and applicability in other cultural contexts. This study aimed to present psychometric properties of the Brief COPE in a sample of patients with advanced cancer in Indonesia. Specifically, we intended to examine the factorial structure and the measure's validity and reliability. This study included 440 patients from the original study who completed the Indonesian version of Brief COPE. We used exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to assess factor structure and evaluate the structural model fit, respectively. Reliability was demonstrated by internal consistency represented by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The factor analysis identified a 21-items scale with 5-factors (avoidance, religion and acceptance, social support coping, problem solving and distraction). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good model fit. For the whole scale and its subscales Cronbach's alpha coefficients were acceptable signifying good reliability. Convergent, divergent validity and contrast group comparison were evidenced by significant correlations among subscales and the other instruments used. This study shows that the Indonesian version of Brief COPE is a reliable and valid instrument to measure coping in advanced cancer patients and is ready for use amongst this population in the Indonesian cultural context.

Entwicklung und Validierung eines Situational Judgement Test zur Erfassung des Umgangs von Lehrkräften mit digitalen Problemsituationen im Unterricht

Zusammenfassung. Lehrkräfte sind immer stärker gefordert, digitale Medien kompetent in Lehr-Lern-Prozesse einzubeziehen. Es mangelt jedoch an objektiven Verfahren zur Erfassung digitaler Kompetenzen bei dieser Zielgruppe. In diesem Beitrag wird die Entwicklung und Validierung eines Situational Judgement Test zur Erfassung des Umgangs mit digitalen Problemsituationen im Unterricht vorgestellt. In einem mehrschrittigen Entwicklungsverfahren wurden auf Grundlage einer Vorerhebung ( n = 72) Aufgaben entwickelt und in einer Lautes-Denken-Studie ( n = 20) optimiert. Durch eine Expert_innenbefragung ( n = 8) wurden Inhaltsvalidität und Scoring-Key bestimmt. In zwei Pretests mit Lehramtstudierenden ( n = 83; n = 58) wurde auf Grundlage von Itemanalysen ein finales Itemset erstellt. Eine Validierungsstudie mit Lehrkräften ( n = 238) bestätigte die postulierte Faktorenstruktur in einer konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse. Die Kriteriumsvalidität konnte durch erwartungskonforme Korrelationen mit externen Kriterien nachgewiesen werden. Die prognostische Validität konnte durch die signifikante Vorhersage von Problemauftrittshäufigkeiten bei der Nutzung digitaler Medien durch Lehrkräfte in einem Strukturgleichungsmodell bestätigt werden.

A Comprehensive Review and Bifactor Modeling Analysis of the Brief COPE

The Brief COPE is a measure of coping strategies that contains 14 factors. The purpose of this research was twofold: (a) examine the psychometric proprieties of the Brief Cope in previous studies; and (b) perform Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) with second-order model and bifactor model specifications that could be used to assess the best model that represents the 14 coping strategies inherent to the instrument. In order to meet the first objective, a bibliographic review of published peer-reviewed studies between 1997 and 2021 was conducted. Results from the review identified 50 studies, of which 21 used exploratory factor analysis, 28 CFA and one study test-retest analysis. Seventeen studies used the entire correlated 14-factor structure. However, only 11 studies conducted a CFA. For the second objective, a sample of 472 working class individuals (female = 278) with a mean work experience of 19.06 years (SD = 11,92) were recruited. We tested several model specifications, convergent and discriminant validity analysis. We found the correlated 14-factor structure of the Brief COPE to have good psychometric properties. The second-order and bifactor model specifications displayed poor fit or did not converge, respectively. The measure showed good convergent and discriminant validity, and the subscales showed adequate internal consistency. We provide further validity and reliability of the correlated 14-factor structure, evidencing that this measure can assess coping mechanisms. Second-order model specifications need further testing and empirical evidence to support such hierarchical categorization.

Coping styles associated with depression, health anxiety and health-related quality of life in pulmonary hypertension: cross-sectional analysis

OBJECTIVES

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-shortening disease associated with early mortality and high morbidity. With advancements in medical treatment, people are living longer with the disease, and research is now needed to explore variables that help to enhance patient-reported outcomes. This study investigated the coping strategies of individuals with PH and examined the relationship between coping, depression, health anxiety and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

DESIGN

A cross-sectional survey design was used.

PARTICIPANTS

Participants (n=121) were recruited from membership of Pulmonary Hypertension Association (PHA) UK.

OUTCOME MEASURES

Participants completed a series of questionnaires assessing depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), health anxiety (Short Health Anxiety Inventory), HRQoL (emPHasis-10) and coping (Brief COPE). A principal component analysis was used to identify participants' coping profile. A series of correlational, linear and moderated multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between coping and health-related outcomes.

RESULTS

Overall, 43% participants met criteria for potential clinical depression. Depression and health anxiety were strongly associated with HRQoL, explaining 37% and 30% of variance respectively (p<0.001). A principal component analysis identified a four-component model of coping. Dimensions were named based on construct items: 'cognitive and affirmation coping' (seven items), 'passive coping' (four items), 'external coping' (seven items) and 'substance use coping' (two items). Cognitive and affirmation and external coping moderated the relationship between depression and HRQoL, with high use of these coping strategies reducing the impact of depression on HRQoL. External coping also moderated the effect of health anxiety on HRQoL.

CONCLUSIONS

The results uniquely highlight the importance of coping styles and psychological distress in predicting HRQoL in PH. Our findings indicate the importance to assess for psychological distress in this population and suggest the need to offer psychological interventions that take into account coping resources and strategies.

The role of time perspective and acculturative stress on adaptive and maladaptive stress coping strategies of Puerto Ricans living in the island of Puerto Rico and the state of Connecticut in mainland United States

We assessed the role of Time Perspective (TP) and acculturative stress on adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies, across healthy and treatment-seeking Puerto Ricans living in the island of Puerto Rico (PR), as well as at the state of Connecticut in mainland United States (US). Participants were comprised of 197 adults from the island of PR, as well as 138 adults from Connecticut. TP was measured through five categories assessed by the Zimbardo TP Inventory (Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future), the Deviation from a Balanced Time Perspective-revisited (DBTPr) coefficient, and the Deviation from the Negative Time Perspective (DNTP) coefficient. Acculturative stress was measured with the Acculturative Distress Scale. Adaptive and maladaptive stress-coping were measured through the Brief COPE Inventory. DNTP predicted adaptive coping, whereas acculturative stress, Present Hedonistic, and DBTPr predicted maladaptive coping. Puerto Ricans living in Connecticut engaged more often in maladaptive coping than those in PR. Acculturative stress partially mediated the influence of DBTPr on maladaptive coping. DNTP mediated the influence of state on adaptive coping. DBTPr and acculturative stress totally mediated the influence of state on maladaptive coping. These findings suggest that assessing TP, levels of acculturative stress, and coping strategies could assist in tailoring evidence-based interventions to the specific needs of Puerto Rican populations. Doing so could be effective in promoting a Balanced Time Perspective, reducing acculturative stress, increasing adaptive coping, and improving mental as well as physical health, on Puerto Ricans living in PR or mainland US.

Individual and Organizational Factors in Coping With COVID-19 in Soldier Students

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant burden across different industrial sectors. Generally, an increase in psychological stress experiences has been reported, while the stress and coping responses of specific, potentially burdened populations have received less attention thus far. Thus, the present study investigated relations between individual (i.e., extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness) and organizational (i.e., organizational commitment and study satisfaction) factors, indicators of psychological health (i.e., loneliness, life satisfaction, COVID-19-related stress), and possible mediating effects of four broad coping dimensions (active coping, avoidant coping, social support, positive cognitive restructuring) in a specific sample of soldier students who engage in a double-role being military affiliates and students of non-military subjects. To this end, we assessed data of soldier students at two measurement points (N = 106 at t₁ and N = 63 at t₂) shortly after the second national lockdown in Germany (20. May 2021 to 11. July 2021) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Personality traits showed expected associations with indicators of psychological health, i.e., positive relations between neuroticism and social loneliness, between extraversion and COVID-19 stress, and negative relations between neuroticism and life satisfaction. Remarkably, organizational variables showed effects above and beyond personality traits on loneliness and life satisfaction. Neither individual, nor organizational factors could predict change in psychological health over time. We found evidence for mediation effects through active coping, avoidant coping, and the use of social support, but not through positive cognitive restructuring. Findings highlight the relative importance of organizational factors besides personality traits for psychological health in a military student sample, holding important implications for designing efficient support systems in the military.

Mediation Effect of the Coping Strategies on the Relation Between Stress and Sleep Quality

OBJECTIVE

Recently data has been accumulated regarding the role of coping strategies in the relationship between stress and sleep quality. Therefore, we set out to identify the mediating effects of coping strategies between stress and sleep quality.

METHODS

A online-based cross-sectional study was performed using the Perceived Stress Scale-10, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and a simplification of the 60-item Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE) inventory in the nonclinical adult sample. The 24 items of Brief COPE were categorized into four factors (social support, problem solving, avoidance, positive thinking). Then, we used the PROCESS macro to conduct the multiple mediation analysis for the four coping styles as potential mediators in the relationship between stress and sleep quality, and an additional subgroup analysis was examined to identify a gender difference for the mediation effect.

RESULTS

As a group, four coping styles mediated significantly the association between perceived stress and poor sleep quality. And avoidance has maintained its significance thought all regression analyses. Finally, this results remained as same in the females.

CONCLUSION

The effect of perceived stress on poor sleep quality was mediated by coping strategies, especially by avoidance. Thus, further research should consider the coping styles of individuals to reduce the influence of stress on sleep quality.

Isolation and confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons for human spaceflight

BACKGROUND

Astronauts live and work in isolated, confined, extreme (ICE) environments that create both high stress and the need for high performance. The COVID-19 pandemic created ICE-like conditions across the globe by confining people to their homes under the ever-present threat of disease. Our goal is to understand the impact of prior experience in ICE on coping, using the pandemic as a pseudo space analog environment.

METHODS

We administered a survey three times with 7 days between administrations. A total of 82 participants completed all three survey sessions, and these participants were divided into three groups for analysis. The first group is those with prior experience in an ICE environment (n = 17; 7F/10 M), the second is those aged 30-55 with a master's or doctoral degree and without prior experience (n = 22; 10F/12 M), and the third is the general population (n = 43; 27F/16 M). Linear mixed models were used for statistical analysis of the results, given the unequal sample sizes.

RESULTS

The experienced group did not show healthier mental health scores than the astronaut-like group, but both groups displayed higher scores than the general population. However, work productivity scores for the experienced group were higher on average than the other two groups.

DISCUSSION

Results suggest that prior experience in ICE may improve the capability to maintain productivity-corresponding to the idea of resilience. However, experience may not improve mental health maintenance, suggesting that other approaches are needed to prepare astronauts for the mental health stressors of long-duration exploration missions.

Validation of the Sinhalese Version of Brief COPE Scale for patients with cancer in Sri Lanka

Background

Coping strategies play a vital role in cancer management and has been an integral part in the recovery process of cancer patients worldwide. Coping refers to specific efforts; both behavioral and psychological, that diminishes stresses emerged in cancer patients. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Sinhalese version of the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (S-BC) which was developed based on the Brief COPE scale  for cancer patients in Sri Lanka.

Methods

The original Brief COPE is a self-administered tool with 28 items designed to measure coping methods used by people in stressful life events. It consisted of statements related to adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies. Forty patients with cancer who were registered at the Oncology ward, Teaching Hospital, Galle, Sri Lanka were included in the study. A cross-cultural adaptation of the Brief COPE was done using WHO guidelines. Reliability of the S-BC was assessed using test–retest and internal consistency procedures. The construct validity of the tool was assessed by performing exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent and discriminant validity of the S-BC was tested using World Health Organization-Quality of Life-Brief scale (WHOQOL-BREF) and Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D).

Results

The mean (± SD) age of the sample was 61(± 12) years, and 52.5% (n = 21) of the participants were men. Eighty percent (n = 32) of the participants were more than one year of treatment from diagnosing as a cancer patient. The test–retest reliability of the S-BC was 0.66, and the internal consistency of the S-BC was good (Cronbach’s alpha - 0.819). Both EFA and CFA revealed a structure comprised of seven factors. Such factors were Avoidance/Behavioral disengagement, Religious faith/Acceptance, Seeking support, Planning, Substance use/Venting, Self-blame and Active/positive coping. The scores of the adaptive coping of the S-BC was negatively and the scores of the maladaptive coping of the S-BC was positively correlated with the CES-D score.   The scores of the adaptive coping of the S-BC was  positively correlated with the total score of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire indicating the S-BC’s convergent and discriminant validity properties.

Conclusion

The Sinhalese version of the Brief COPE is found to be a valid and a reliable measure to assess coping strategies used by  patients with cancer in Sri Lanka.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-022-00863-z.

Do carers of adolescents at first episode psychosis have distinctive psychological needs? A pilot exploration

BACKGROUND

Carers of patients experiencing first episode psychosis (FEP) are at an increased risk of mental and physical health problems themselves. However, little is known about how the psychological needs of carers may differ between those caring for an adolescent versus an adult who has FEP.

AIMS

This pilot study aimed to explore any differences in the psychological needs of carers caring for adolescents versus adults with FEP.

METHODS

We surveyed 254 carers of 198 FEP patients (34 carers of adolescents of 24 FEP adolescent patients). Carers completed self-report measures of anxiety, depression, burnout, subjective burden, coping, and key illness beliefs. The sample was divided according to whether the patient was under (adolescent) or over (adult) age 18, and analysed using mixed model logistic regressions.

RESULTS

Compared to the carers of adult patients, carers of adolescents were more than twice as likely (12% vs. 30%) to experience overall burnout syndrome (all three domains), and to develop it much quicker (19.4 vs. 10.1 months). They were also more likely to adopt behavioural disengagement avoidance as a form of coping. However, there was no difference between carers in terms of anxiety, depression, beliefs and subjective burden. For carers of adolescents, burnout was independently predicted by: a negative belief about the consequences of psychosis for the adolescent patient and an incoherent understanding of the patient's mental health.

CONCLUSIONS

If our findings can be replicated in a larger sample, then Rapid-Onset-Burnout-Syndrome (ROBS) is a particular problem in carers of adolescents at FEP, suggesting a need for routine screening and possible prophylactic intervention. Carers of adolescent's use of behavioural escape coping maybe also require early intervention. Theoretically, consideration could be given to the development of an adolescent sub-branch to the cognitive model of caregiving.

Cybervictimization and Depression among Adolescents: Coping Strategies as Mediators

Studies have shown the relationships among cybervictimization, coping strategies, and depression, but no study has examined the mechanism that links the three variables. Accordingly, this study used the transactional model of stress and coping theory as a conceptual framework and proposed that coping strategies are mediators for the effects of cybervictimization on depression. A total of 387 adolescents were recruited by using the purposive sampling method. The results showed that cybervictimization is not directly associated with depression. All the coping strategies are found to be associated with cybervictimization, but only the avoidant coping strategy is the statistical mediator for the effects of cybervictimization on depression. This study’s findings suggest that the transactional model of stress and coping theory may provide a framework in the area of cyberbullying and recommend more actions to be taken in order to reduce the use of avoidance coping strategies among victims of cyberbullying.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of professionals in 77 hospitals in France

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant re-organisation of healthcare delivery in hospitals, with repercussions on all professionals working in healthcare. We aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of professionals working in health care institutions and to identify individual and environmental factors influencing the risk of mental health disorders. From 4 June to 22 September 2020, a total of 4370 professionals responded to an online questionnaire evaluating psychological distress, severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms, stress factors, and coping strategies. About 57% of the professionals suffered from psychological distress, and 21% showed symptoms of potential post-traumatic stress. Professionals working in radiology, those working in quality/hygiene/security and nurses' aides were the most affected groups. The media focus on the crisis, and a high workload were the most prevalent stress factors, followed by uncertainty regarding the possibility of containing the epidemic, the constantly changing hygiene recommendations/protocols, and the lack of personal protective equipment. The use of coping strategies, notably positive thinking, helped to mitigate the relation between perceived stress and mental health disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching negative repercussions for all professionals, with some sectors more markedly affected. To prevent mental health disorders in professionals during a public health crisis, support services and management strategies within hospitals should take account of the importance of positive thinking and social support.

Inter-relationships between burnout, personality and coping features in residents within an ACGME-I Accredited Psychiatry Residency Program

BACKGROUND

Burnout during residency training is associated with various factors. Within the context of stress/coping transactional model in which one's personality can influence stress appraisal and coping, there is limited evidence examining the relationship between burnout and personality factors amongst psychiatry residents.

OBJECTIVES

We aim to evaluate the prevalence of burnout within a cohort of psychiatry residents and its relationship with personality factors, demographic, work-related factors and coping features.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 50 out of 77 eligible residents (response rate 64.9%) and administered the Oldenberg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Brief COPE Inventory. Burnout was defined as crossing the thresholds for exhaustion (≥2.25) and disengagement (≥2.1) scores. We compared the burnout vs nonburnout groups and examined the relationship between burnout, personality factors and coping strategies using correlational and mediational analyses.

RESULTS

Overall, 78% of our cohort met criteria for burnout. Burnout was correlated with hours of work per week (rs = .409, P = .008), neuroticism (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.01-1.43, P = .041) and avoidance coping (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.06-2.46, P = .025). Neuroticism was significantly correlated (all P < .001) with all coping domains (Seeking Social Support, rs = 0.40; Problem Solving, rs = 0.52; Avoidance, rs = 0.55; Positive thinking, rs = 0.41) and was a partial mediator between avoidance coping and burnout (β of indirect path = 0.168, [SE = 0.066]; P = .011).

CONCLUSIONS

We found a considerable burnout rate amongst psychiatry residents which was associated with neuroticism and avoidance coping, and suggest ways to better tackle occupational burnout during residency training.

Coping Strategies and Life Satisfaction among Romanian Emerging Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The aim of the present study was to understand coping mechanisms among Romanian youth in their response to institutional COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Data were collected from emerging adults (N = 214), aged 18–29, enrolled in various fields of study throughout a public university in Romania. Adopted versions of the Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences Scale (Brief-COPE, Carver, 1997) and Satisfaction with Life Scales (SLWS, Diener et al., 1985) were administered to explore the impact of the specific social distancing and isolation enforced pandemic restrictions. Findings elucidate the response styles, impact of coping skills, and strategies employed by students toward their well-being during stay-at-home courses. Results indicated that Romanian emerging-adults tend to use diverse strategies, but they use more disengagement, problem-focused coping, humor, socially supportive coping or religion, rather than denial, avoidant-focused coping or substance use, when faced with unprecedented situations during the COVID-19 pandemic. We discuss these findings framed in resilience as it relates to the positive youth psychology framework.

Degraded Psychophysiological Status in Caregivers and Human Resources Staff during a COVID-19 Peak Unveiled by Psychological and HRV Testing at Workplace

During COVID-19 pandemic peaks, healthcare professionals are a frontline workforce that deals with death on an almost daily basis and experiences a marked increase in workload. Returning home is also associated with fear of contaminating or be contaminated. An obvious consequence is stress accumulation and associated risks, especially in caregivers in mobility and possibly in human resource teams managing mobility. Here, during the second pandemic peak, we designed a 15-min testing procedure at the workplace, combining HADS and Brief COPE questionnaires with heart rate variability (HRV) recordings to evaluate psychophysiological status in four groups: caregivers in mobility (MOB); human resources teams managing mobility (ADM); caregivers without mobility (N-MOB); and university researchers teaching online (RES). Anxiety, depression, coping strategies, vagally-mediated heart rate regulation, and nonlinear dynamics (entropy) in cardiac autonomic control were quantified. Anxiety reached remarkably high levels in both MOB and ADM, which was reflected in vagal and nonlinear HRV markers. ADM maintained a better problem-solving capacity. MOB and N-MOB exhibited degraded problem-solving capacity. Multivariate approaches show how combining psychological and physiological markers helps draw highly group-specific psychophysiological profiles. Entropy in HRV and problem-solving capacity were highly relevant for that. Combining HADS and Brief COPE questionnaires with HRV testing at the workplace may provide highly relevant cues to manage mobility during crises as well as prevent health risks, absenteeism, and more generally malfunction incidents at hospitals.

The food allergy COPE inventory: Adaptation and psychometric properties

Background

Food allergy (FA) has been shown to have an adverse impact on food allergy quality of life (FAQL). To more fully understand this impact, correlates and predictors of FAQL must be reliably measured. Coping is one such factor. In the present study (n = 200), we sought to adapt the widely used Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) Inventory and its 15 distinct strategies to food allergy, named FA-COPE Inventory. More specifically, we propose a long (60-item) and short (30-item) version of the measure.

Methods

To examine the robustness of the newly adapted FA-COPE Inventory, we tested whether the 15-factor structure of the adapted version would present good psychometrical properties, using gold standard psychometric techniques. We used Confirmatory Factor Analysis to assess model fit, McDonald's omega, and inter-item correlations to assess reliability, and Pearson's correlation to assess convergent validity with a generic coping measure and satisfaction with FA life.

Results

Our results showed a good model fit (eg, CFI and TLI ≥ .94) for the 15-factor structure of the measure's long and short version. These factors also presented reliability levels aligned with the coping literature. Finally, the majority of the FA-COPE Inventory factors (eg, acceptance) were significantly associated with the generic coping measure and satisfaction with FA life.

Conclusion

Both the long and short adapted FA-COPE Inventory showed a good fit to food allergy issues. These measures can help facilitate the identification of the most commonly used strategies to deal with FA. Their use can lead to a more in-depth understanding of the impact of the coping strategies and how they can help improve the quality of life of those impacted by the disease.

Risk and protective factors for the possible development of post-traumatic stress disorder among intensive care professionals in France during the first peak of the COVID-19 epidemic

BACKGROUND

Intensive care units (ICU) are among the healthcare services most affected by the COVID-19 crisis. Stressors related to insecurity, unpredictability, patient death and family distress are significant, and put healthcare workers (HCWs) at high risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aims of this study were to measure the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in HCWs and to identify risk factors and protective factors during the epidemic in France.

METHODS

During the first peak of the epidemic (from 22 April to 13 May 2020), we assessed sources of stress (PS-ICU scale), mental health (GHQ-12) and coping strategies (Brief-COPE). Three months later (03 June to 6 July 2020), PTSD was assessed using the IES-R scale, with additional questions about sources of support. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires administered online.

RESULTS

Among 2153 professionals who participated in the study, 20.6% suffered from potential PTSD, mostly intrusion symptoms. Risk factors for the development of PTSD were having experienced additional difficult events during the crisis, having a high level of psychological distress, a high level of perceived stress related to the workload and human resources issues, the emotional burden related to the patient and family, and stressors specific to COVID-19 during the first peak of the crisis. The use of positive thinking coping strategies decreased the relationship between perceived stress and the presence of PTSD, while social support seeking strategies increased the relationship. Finally, the HCWs preferred to use support from colleagues, relatives and/or a psychologist, and very few used the telephone hotlines.

CONCLUSION

The epidemic has had a strong traumatic impact on intensive care HCWs. Given the risk of PTSD, we need to consider implementing easily-accessible support services that focus on positive thinking coping strategies, during and after the crisis.

Anxiety symptoms during COVID-19 in older adults with psychiatric disorders

OBJECTIVE

During the COVID-19 pandemic, older people and patients with psychiatric disorders had an increased risk of being isolated. The French National Authority for Health has recommended a reinforced follow-up of these patients. Cross-sectional studies reported an increased risk of developing anxiety and depression during pandemic. The aim of our study was to identify factors associated with higher anxiety during the pandemic in older patients with psychiatric disorders.

METHODS

STERACOVID is a multicenter cohort study with 117 patients followed-up by phone in two French geriatric psychiatry units. In this work, we used cross-sectional data from a prospective follow-up conducted between January and May 2021.

RESULTS

We found that coping strategies, personality, and living conditions were associated with general anxiety (GA) level during the pandemic period. Higher GA was associated with less positive thinking coping strategy, more avoidance strategies, a lower level of extraversion, a higher level of neuroticism, more time spent watching the news, a higher feeling of loneliness, and a lack of physical contact.

FINDINGS

Our study identified factors associated with a poorer experience of pandemic crisis. Special attention should be paid to patients with a high level of neuroticism and a high feeling of loneliness. Support could aim to help patients use more functional strategies: reducing avoidance strategies and increasing positive thinking. Finally, reducing time watching news could also be an interesting prevention perspective.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04760795.

Anxiety Status and Coping Strategies in Association with Sociodemographic Factors, Dietary and Lifestyle Habits in Greece

Aim:

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nutritional habits, lifestyle, anxiety, and coping strategies.

Background:

Anxiety is an underestimated and often undiagnosed subclinical disorder that burdens the general public of modern societies and increases illness suscentibility.

Methods:

The study group consisted of 693 individuals living in Peloponnese, Greece. A standardized questionnaire that consists of the dietary habits and lifestyle questionnaire, the trait Anxiety STAI-X-2 questionnaire and the brief-COPE questionnaire, was used. Principal components analysis identified the factors from the questionnaires, and stepwise multivariate regression analysis investigated their relationships.

Results:

Weekly consumption of fruits, tomatoes, salads and lettuce, together with Εmotional/Ιnstrumental support, Denial/Behavioural disengagement, substance use and self-blame, was the most important predictors of anxiety scores. Positive reframing/Humour and Acceptance/Planning are also associated with the Positive STAI factor and decreased anxiety scores.

Conclusion:

Healthy nutritional habits, comprised of consumption of salads and fruits, together with adaptive coping strategies, such as Positive reframing/Humour and Active problem solving, may provide the most profound improvement in the anxiety levels of a healthy population in Peloponnese, Greece.

Well‐being and sleep in stressful times of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Relations to worrying and different coping strategies

The present study examined the relationships between emotional well-being (positive and negative affect), sleep-related variables (sleep quality, sleep duration, and change in sleep quality and duration compared to weeks before lockdown), and worrying about coronavirus disease (COVID-19) challenges during the beginning of the outbreak in Europe. In addition, four different coping strategies were investigated. The study was conducted in Germany with data from 665 participants (53.8% female; 18-73 years), who completed an online questionnaire in April 2020. The results revealed that COVID-19 worry was associated with impaired well-being and sleep. Meaning- and problem-focused coping were the most frequently used coping strategies, and showed positive associations with well-being and sleep. Social and avoidance coping were associated with decreased well-being and worse sleep outcomes. Three coping strategies showed moderating effects. People who worried more showed higher levels of positive affect when they used problem-focused coping compared to those who did not. Similarly, highly worried participants showed lower levels of negative affect when they reported using meaning-focused coping more often. In contrast, social coping increased the risk of high negative affect levels in worried participants. In conclusion, problem-focused and meaning-focused coping strategies seemed to be most effective in coping with COVID-19 challenges.

Investigating COVID-19 stress and coping: Substance use and behavioural disengagement

The purpose of this online empirical study was to examine the relationship between COVID‐19 stress, coping including substance use and behavioural disengagement, and avoidance behaviour early on in the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants, recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk, N = 730), were adults from Canada, the United States, Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom. Results of path analysis showed that feeling threatened by the virus, predicted greater COVID‐19 anxiety, which was related to greater substance use to cope with the virus, as well as more behavioural disengagement, which predicted less avoidance behaviour. Implications of the results are discussed, particularly the relationship between coping and avoidance behaviour during the pandemic.

Investigating the susceptibility to change of coping and resiliency during COVID-19

On 11 March 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) a global pandemic. As a result, most of public life, including cultural, sporting, religious and political events, came to a standstill. The current study investigates potential changes in individual's coping and resiliency during this phase of the pandemic. The present study investigated potential changes in individuals' coping and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (N = 68), aged between 18 and 34 years old, completed an online survey including the Brief-COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) and the SPF-24 (Scale of Protective Factors) at two distinct time points: May 2019 (T₀ ) and May 2020 (T₁ ). To investigate changes between T₀ and T₁ , one-way within-subjects analysis of variances (ANOVAs)'s were conducted. For 11 of 14 the subscales for the Brief-COPE, no significant within-subject sum scores changes were revealed. However, for three subscales, that is, Active Coping (p = 0.005), Venting (p = 0.024) and Acceptance (p = 0.028), significant sum scores changes were revealed. For all four subscales for the SPF-24, no significant within-subjects sum score changes were revealed. For the Brief-COPE, the susceptibility to change for only three of the 14 coping strategies to be significantly influenced by COVID-19, reveals a strong trait-like character of one's coping strategies. For the SPF-24, all four protective factors were not susceptible to significant changes due to individuals' experiences of COVID-19.