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Wang Q, Zhou Y, Wang G, Pan X, Sha S, Wang Z, Liu Y, Tian T, Liang S. The mediation effects of COVID-19-related traumatic stress symptoms and mentalization on the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being in healthcare workers transitioning to a post-pandemic world. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309561. [PMID: 39231148 PMCID: PMC11373818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In context of COVID-19 as a collective trauma and the intense involvement of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the pandemic, perceived stress continues to have a tremendous impact on their psychological well-being. However, few studies have attempted to delineate the underlying mechanisms. This study examined whether COVID-19-related traumatic stress symptoms and mentalization act as mediators. METHODS A sample of HCWs (N = 2610) from 22 hospitals in Beijing, China participated in this cross-sectional investigation. Data on their perceived stress, psychological well-being, the impact of event, and reflective function during the COVID-19 pandemic were collected using self-report questionnaires. Different mediating models were tested. RESULTS COVID-19-related stress symptoms and mentalization independently mediate the association between perceived stress and psychological well-being. These two mediators also compose a serial mediation model. In particular, higher perceived stress inhibits the psychological well-being of HCWs through increased severity of traumatic stress symptoms, which in turn is associated with hypomentalizing. CONCLUSION These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being in HCWs. We strongly recommend incorporating a mentalization framework with trauma-informed practice in prevention and intervention work with this population during this and future healthcare crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - You Zhou
- New York Psychoanalytic Society & Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Pan
- The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Sha Sha
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinqi Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Tian
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sixiang Liang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Gao X, Chen P, Liu J, Fan X, Wu Z, Fang H, Zhang Z. Sleep quality and perceived stress levels in Chinese patients with minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. Postgrad Med 2024; 136:749-756. [PMID: 39215405 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2024.2399500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate sleep quality and perceived stress levels in Chinese patients with active minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis (MiRAS) lesions, as well as to investigate the potential relationship between sleep quality and perceived stress levels and the risk of MiRAS episodes. METHODS The study population consisted of individuals recruited from a Chinese cohort who underwent medical and oral examinations from March 2022 to August 2023. All participants completed a set of uniform anonymous questionnaires, which included sociodemographic characteristics, clinical information, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). Statistical analysis was conducted using the independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson's chi-square test and Pearson's correlation analysis. After adjusting for potential confounders (age, gender, marital status, and education level), multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations of sleep quality and perceived stress levels with the risk of MiRAS episodes. Additionally, restricted cubic spline curves were constructed to visualize these correlations. RESULTS A total of 329 eligible volunteers participated in the study, comprising 122 Chinese MiRAS patients and 207 healthy controls without MiRAS. Compared to healthy participants, MiRAS patients exhibited significantly higher PSQI and ISI scores (p = 0.000). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding PSS-14 scores or its two subscales (p > 0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that lower sleep quality was significantly associated with an increased risk of MiRAS episodes (p = 0.000), whereas no statistically significant relationship was found between perceived stress levels and the risk of MiRAS episodes (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Maintaining a regular bedtime and improving sleep quality may contribute to reducing the incidence and recurrence of MiRAS, while psychological intervention may be ineffective for MiRAS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Peiqiang Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Zhongyin Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Huiqing Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Zichuan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
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Awasthi SS, Bhattacharya S, Tandon A. Menstrual Irregularity: A Physiological Adaptation to Cope Perceived Stress. Cureus 2024; 16:e64522. [PMID: 39139343 PMCID: PMC11321447 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Menstrual cycle characteristics are regulated hormonally and are integrated at the level of the hypothalamus. Stress can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis. The objective of the study was to analyse the stress levels of women and compare their autonomic tone and menstrual characteristics. METHODOLOGY A group of 100 apparently healthy, young, female volunteers were included in this pilot cohort study. Subjects were assessed for perceived stress using the Perceived Stress Scale 14 Item (PSS-14) questionnaire, underwent a heart rate variability (HRV) test on the second, 10th, and 21st days of their menstrual cycle, and their menstrual history was recorded. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS, version 21.0; IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY) software. Metric data were expressed in terms of numerical value and analysed as mean ± SD. Paired Student's T-test was used to compare the HRV data of all three days of the menstrual cycle separately, and p value<0.05 was considered significant. Menstrual irregularity was complained of by 13 subjects (Group A), and the rest (87 subjects) reported regular menses (Group B). RESULT The perceived stress scores of Group A were significantly higher than Group B (32.53±5.062 vs 28.057±7.618; p=0.044). On second day, Group A had higher median R-R interval (714.38±106 vs 656.84±73.50 ms; p=0.015) and lower average heart rate (85.85±12.07 vs 92.39±9.98 bpm; p=0.034) than Group B, suggesting parasympathetic dominance. On the 10th day, Group A had a higher standard deviation of heart rate (7.09±1.88 vs 5.97±1.71 bpm; p=0.032) and a very low-frequency band (1105.94±984.12 vs 730.49±557.41 μs2; p=0.046) than Group B, indicating parasympathetic dominance in Group A. On the 21st day, Group A had a higher standard deviation of R-R interval (58.19±20.46 vs 44.85±14.55 ms; p=0.004), root mean square standard deviation (55.71±29.84 vs 31.89±15.99 ms; p<0.001), percentage of R-R differing by 50 ms (19.20±19.58 vs 10.87±10.31%; p=0.020), total power (3,440.23±2722.29 vs 2,068.28±1,322.49 μs2; p=0.004), high-frequency band (1,247.57±1173.54 vs 539.06±HPO438.92 μs2; p<0.001), standard deviation ratio of the Poincaré plot (0.53±0.19 vs 0.39±0.16; p=0.003), normalised HF (44.0±12.9 vs 35.4±10.6; p=0.009), and a lower LF/HF ratio (1.43±0.80 vs 2.11±1.16; p=0.043) and normalised LF (53.9±14.4 vs 64.1±11.9; p=0.006) than Group B, suggesting higher parasympathetic tone of Group A than Group B. CONCLUSION Analysing these results, it can be concluded that, in apparently healthy young women, menstrual irregularity is a physiological adaptation to combat perceived stress and maintain parasympathetic dominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibu S Awasthi
- Physiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
| | | | - Akanksha Tandon
- Family Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
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Dakanalis A, Voulgaridou G, Alexatou O, Papadopoulou SK, Jacovides C, Pritsa A, Chrysafi M, Papacosta E, Kapetanou MG, Tsourouflis G, Antonopoulou M, Mitsiou M, Antasouras G, Giaginis C. Overweight and Obesity Is Associated with Higher Risk of Perceived Stress and Poor Sleep Quality in Young Adults. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:983. [PMID: 38929600 PMCID: PMC11206025 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Overweight and obesity are growing public health challenges, particularly concerning young adults. University life presents a unique set of stressors that may influence weight management alongside sleep quality. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the association between overweight or obesity, stress, and sleep quality in a large sample of Greek university students. Materials and Methods: The study recruited 2116 active students from across various Greek universities. Participants completed questionnaires on sociodemographics, academic performance, and physical activity levels using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Stress and sleep quality were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. Body weight and height were directly measured to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). Results: Our analysis of 2116 Greek university students revealed significant associations between various factors and overweight/obesity. Compared to their rural counterparts, young adults in urban areas had an 88% higher prevalence of overweight/obesity (p = 0.0056). Regular smokers were twice as likely to be overweight or obese (p = 0.0012). Notably, those with low physical activity levels displayed a more than two-fold increased risk (p = 0.0008) compared to those with moderate or high activity levels. Similarly, students with moderate or high perceived stress levels had a more than two-fold prevalence of overweight/obesity compared to those with low stress (p = 0.0005). Inadequate sleep quality was also associated with an 86% higher risk of overweight/obesity (p = 0.0007). Interestingly, good academic performance showed a 57% greater prevalence of overweight/obesity compared to very good/excellent performance (p = 0.0103). Conclusions: Our findings reveal that perceived stress and poor sleep quality are significant risk factors for overweight and obesity in this young adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Dakanalis
- Department of Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Gavriela Voulgaridou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (S.K.P.); (C.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Olga Alexatou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (O.A.); (M.C.); (M.G.K.); (M.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (S.K.P.); (C.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Constantina Jacovides
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (S.K.P.); (C.J.); (A.P.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (O.A.); (M.C.); (M.G.K.); (M.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Agathi Pritsa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (S.K.P.); (C.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Chrysafi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (O.A.); (M.C.); (M.G.K.); (M.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Elena Papacosta
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, School of Education and Social Sciences, Frederick University, 3080 Limassol, Cyprus;
| | - Maria G. Kapetanou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (O.A.); (M.C.); (M.G.K.); (M.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Gerasimos Tsourouflis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Marina Antonopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (O.A.); (M.C.); (M.G.K.); (M.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Maria Mitsiou
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Georgios Antasouras
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (O.A.); (M.C.); (M.G.K.); (M.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (O.A.); (M.C.); (M.G.K.); (M.A.); (G.A.)
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Jiang J, Chen G, Song X, Lu J, Wang J, Ding F, Ba L, Mei J. Effects of chronotype on sleep, mood and cardiovascular circadian rhythms in rotating night shift medical workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:461-471. [PMID: 38429581 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whether chronotype affects the health outcomes of night shift work populations is unknown. This study aimed to assess the influence of different chronotypes in the rotating night shift population on sleep status, mood, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate variability (HRV), as well as the circadian rhythm of BP and HRV. METHODS A total of 208 rotating night shift workers were included. All participants completed structured questionnaires to assess chronotype, mood and sleep status. During their daily lives outside of the night shift, they underwent 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram monitoring and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Day-time and night-time BP and BP dipping were obtained. Day-time and night-time HRV values (SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, LF nu, SD1, SD2 and SD2/SD1) were calculated and fitted to the cosine period curve. Three circandian parameters (mesor, amplitude and acrophase) were extracted to quantify the circadian rhythm of the HRV indices. RESULTS Among all three groups, E-type showed more fatigue and sleepiness. In addition, E-type showed blunted diastolic BP dipping. Notably, E-type showed association with higher RMSSD, LF, HF and SD1 in the night time, and higher mesors of RMSSD and LF and amplitude of SD2/SD1 in circadian analysis. CONCLUSION Chronotype is a factor affecting fatigue, sleepiness and cardiovascular circadian rhythms of rotating night shift workers. Chronotype should be taken into consideration for managing night-shift rotation to promote occupational health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Song
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Lu
- Electrocardiogram Unit, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengfei Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ba
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junhua Mei
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
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Breuer-Asher I, Ritholz MD, Horwitz DL, Manejwala O, Behar E, Fundoiano-Hershcovitz Y. Association of Digital Engagement With Relaxation Tools and Stress Level Reduction: Retrospective Cohort Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e50506. [PMID: 38502164 PMCID: PMC10988373 DOI: 10.2196/50506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is an emotional response caused by external triggers and is a high-prevalence global problem affecting mental and physical health. Several different digital therapeutic solutions are effective for stress management. However, there is limited understanding of the association between relaxation components and stress levels when using a digital app. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the contribution of relaxation tools to stress levels over time. We hypothesized that participation in breathing exercises and cognitive behavioral therapy-based video sessions would be associated with a reduction in stress levels. We also hypothesized a significant reduction specifically in participants' perceived sense of burden and lack of productivity when engaged with breathing exercises and video sessions. METHODS Stress levels were evaluated in a real-world data cohort using a behavioral health app for digital intervention and monitoring change. This retrospective real-world analysis of users on a mobile platform-based treatment followed users (N=490) who started with moderate and above levels of stress and completed at least 2 stress assessments. The levels of stress were tracked throughout the first 10 weeks. A piecewise mixed effects model was applied to model the trajectories of weekly stress mean scores in 2 time segments (1-6 weeks and 6-10 weeks). Next, a simple slope analysis was used for interpreting interactions probing the moderators: breathing exercises and video sessions. Piecewise mixed-effects models were also used to model the trajectories of specific perceived stress item rates in the stress questionnaire in the 2 segments (1-6 weeks and 6-10 weeks) and whether they are moderated by the relaxation engagements. Simple slope analysis was also used here for the interpretation of the interactions. RESULTS Analysis revealed a significant decrease in stress symptoms (β=-.25; 95% CI -0.32 to -0.17; P<.001) during the period of 1-6 weeks of app use that was maintained during the period of 6-10 weeks. Breathing exercises significantly moderated the reduction in stress symptoms during the period of 1-6 weeks (β=-.07; 95% CI -0.13 to -0.01; P=.03), while engagement in digital video sessions did not moderate stress scores. Engagement in digital video sessions, as well as breathing exercises, significantly moderated the reduction in perceived sense of burden and lack of productivity during weeks 1-6 and remained stable during weeks 6-10 on both items. CONCLUSIONS This study sheds light on the association between stress level reduction and specific components of engagement in a digital health app, breathing exercises, and cognitive behavioral therapy-based video sessions. Our findings provide a basis for further investigation of current and moderating factors that contribute to the personalization of digital intervention. In addition, results may aid in developing a more comprehensive understanding of how digital intervention tools work for mental health and for whom they are most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marilyn D Ritholz
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Booker JM, Cabeza de Baca T, Treviño-Alvarez AM, Stinson EJ, Votruba SB, Chang DC, Engel SG, Krakoff J, Gluck ME. Dietary Adherence Is Associated with Perceived Stress, Anhedonia, and Food Insecurity Independent of Adiposity. Nutrients 2024; 16:526. [PMID: 38398850 PMCID: PMC10892668 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined whether perceived stress, anhedonia, and food insecurity were associated with dietary adherence during a 6-week intervention. Sixty participants (23 m; 53 ± 14 y) completed psychosocial measures and were provided with full meals. Individuals with obesity were randomized to a weight-maintaining energy needs (WMENs) (n = 18; BMI 33 ± 4) or a 35% calorie-reduced diet (n = 19; BMI 38 ± 9); normal-weight individuals (n = 23; BMI 23 ± 2) were assigned to a WMENs diet. Adherence scores were determined via weekly assessments and daily ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) of real-time behavior in a natural environment. Perceived stress and anhedonia were associated with % body fat (all r-values > 0.25, all p-values < 0.05), but food insecurity and adherence were not. Higher perceived stress (r = -0.31, p = 0.02), anhedonia (r = -0.34, p = 0.01), and food insecurity (r = -0.27, p = 0.04) were associated with lower adherence scores, even after adjusting for age, sex, and % body fat. In all adjusted models, % body fat was not associated with adherence. Higher measures of stress, anhedonia, and food insecurity predicted lower adherence independently of body fat, indicating that psychosocial factors are important targets for successful adherence to dietary interventions, regardless of body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jetaun M. Booker
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Tomás Cabeza de Baca
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Andrés M. Treviño-Alvarez
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Emma J. Stinson
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Susanne B. Votruba
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Douglas C. Chang
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | | | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Marci E. Gluck
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
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Smith SJ, Lopresti AL, Fairchild TJ. Exploring the efficacy and safety of a novel standardized ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera) root extract (Witholytin®) in adults experiencing high stress and fatigue in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:1091-1104. [PMID: 37740662 PMCID: PMC10647917 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is a state of homeostasis in the body being challenged, resulting in a systemic response. It has become more prevalent in recent years and affects mental and physical health. AIMS Evaluate the effects of ashwagandha on stress, fatigue, and sex hormones in overweight or mildly obese men and women with self-reported stress and fatigue. METHODS Two-arm, parallel-group, 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on overweight or mildly obese men and women aged 40-75 years, supplementing with 200 mg of an ashwagandha root extract (Witholytin®) twice daily. RESULTS/OUTCOMES Supplementation with ashwagandha was associated with a significant reduction in stress levels based on the Perceived Stress Scale (primary outcome); however, the improvements were not significantly different to the placebo group (p = 0.867). Based on the Chalder Fatigue Scale, there was a statistically significant reduction in fatigue symptoms in the ashwagandha group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.016), and participants taking ashwagandha also experienced a significant increase in heart rate variability (p = 0.003). However, there were no significant between-group differences in other self-report outcome measures. In the men taking ashwagandha, there was a significant increase in the blood concentrations of free testosterone (p = 0.048) and luteinizing hormone (p = 0.002) compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The results of this study suggest that in overweight middle-to-older age adults experiencing high stress and fatigue, compared to the placebo, ashwagandha did not have a significantly greater impact on perceived stress levels. However, based on secondary outcome measures, it may have anti-fatigue effects. This may be via its impact on the autonomic nervous system. However, further research is required to expand on these current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Smith
- Clinical Research Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Adrian L Lopresti
- Clinical Research Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Timothy J Fairchild
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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9
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Rozental A, Forsström D, Johansson M. A psychometric evaluation of the Swedish translation of the Perceived Stress Scale: a Rasch analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:690. [PMID: 37736719 PMCID: PMC10515233 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress reflects physical and psychological reactions to imposing demands and is often measured using self-reports. A widely-used instrument is the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), intended to capture more general aspects of stress. A Swedish translation of the PSS is available but has not previously been examined using modern test theory approaches. The aim of the current study is to apply Rasch analysis to further the understanding of the PSS' measurement properties, and, in turn, improve its utility in different settings. METHODS Data from 793 university students was used to investigate the dimensionality of different version of the PSS (14, 10, and 4 items) as well as potential response patterns among the participants. RESULTS The current study demonstrates that the PSS-14 has two separate factors, divided between negatively worded items (perceived stress) and positively worded items (perceived [lack of] control), although with only the negative subscale exhibiting good reliability. Response patterns were analyzed using Differential Item Functioning, which did not find an influence of gender on any of the items, but for age regarding the positive subscale (items 6 and 9). The PSS-10 also demonstrated adequate reliability for the negative subscale, but the PSS-4 was not deemed suitable as a unidimensional scale. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, none of the versions of the PSS should be used by sum-scoring all of the items. Only the negative items from the PSS-14 or PSS-10 can be used as unidimensional scales to measure general aspects of stress. As for different response patterns, gender may nevertheless be important to consider, as prior research has found differences on several items. Meanwhile, content validity is discussed, questioning the relevance of anger and being upset when measuring more general aspects of stress. Finally, a table to convert the PSS-7 (i.e., negative items) ordinal sum scores to interval level scores is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rozental
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Solna, Sweden.
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - David Forsström
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Johansson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Solna, Sweden
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division Safety and Transport, Measurement Science and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Lim HJ, Moon E, Kim K, Suh H, Park J, Kim DR, Park JH, Shin MJ, Lee YH. Cluster Analysis on the Mental Health States in a Community Sample of Young Women During Pre-Pregnancy, Pregnancy, or the Postpartum Period. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:445-451. [PMID: 37253470 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is necessary to identify the mental health types of young women considering the importance of the mental health during the peripartum period. This study aimed to classify the mental health types in a community sample of young women with pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, or the postpartum period. METHODS A total of 293 young women during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, or the postpartum period were included in this study. The clinical characteristics of depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and quality of life were assessed. The clinical characteristics of the subject were classified by cluster analysis and compared by analysis of variance. RESULTS From the cluster analysis, the subjects were classified into three groups. Cluster 1 showed significantly lower depression and anxiety and higher quality of life than those of cluster 2 and 3. Cluster 2 demonstrated significantly higher depression and anxiety and lower quality of life than those of cluster 3 and 1. Cluster 3 represented the intermediate levels between cluster 2 and 1. CONCLUSION This study suggested that young women during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, or the postpartum period might be in a good mental health group, a high-risk group requiring active monitoring, or a group in need of treatment. By monitoring mental health, the groups with high risk or requiring treatment could be discovered and proper management for prevention or improvement of mental health and quality of life can be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Lim
- Department of Psychology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwagyu Suh
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Du-Ri Kim
- Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jun Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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11
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Muñoz S, Iglesias CÁ, Mayora O, Osmani V. Prediction of stress levels in the workplace using surrounding stress. Inf Process Manag 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ipm.2022.103064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Parker EJ, Haag DG, Spencer AJ, Roberts-Thomson K, Jamieson LM. Self-efficacy and oral health outcomes in a regional Australian Aboriginal population. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:447. [PMID: 36253736 PMCID: PMC9578253 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perceived self-efficacy has been associated with psychological well-being, health behaviours and health outcomes. Little is known about the influence of self-efficacy on oral health outcomes for Aboriginal adults in Australia, a population experiencing high levels of oral health conditions. This study examines associations between oral health-related self-efficacy and oral health outcomes in a regional Aboriginal Australian population and investigates whether the associations persist after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and other general and oral health-related psychosocial factors. METHODS Cross-sectional data were obtained from the baseline questionnaire of the Indigenous Oral Heath Literacy Project, South Australia. Oral health-related self-efficacy was measured using a six item scale, with total sum scores dichotomised into high/low self-efficacy. Oral health outcomes included self-rated oral health and oral health impacts, measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Generalized linear models with a log-Poisson link function were used to estimate Prevalence Ratios (PR) of poor self-rated oral health according to levels of oral health-related self-efficacy. Multivariable linear regressions were used to estimate the association between oral health-related self-efficacy and OHIP-14 scores. Blocks of confounders were subsequently added into the models, with the final model including all factors. RESULTS Complete data were available for 252 participants (63%) aged 18 to 82 years (mean age of 37.6 years). Oral health-related self-efficacy was associated with poor self-rated oral health, with a 43% (PR = 1.43 (95% CI 1.09, 1.88)) greater prevalence of poor self-rated oral health among those with low self-efficacy. Oral health-related self-efficacy was associated with OHIP-14 severity scores, with a score over six points higher for those with low self-efficacy (B = 6.27 95% CI 2.71, 9.83). Although addition of perceived stress into the models attenuated the relationship, associations remained in the final models. CONCLUSION Lower levels of oral health-related self-efficacy were associated with a higher prevalence of poor self-rated oral health and greater impacts of oral health among Aboriginal adults in regional South Australia. These associations persisted after controlling for sociodemographic and psychosocial confounders, suggesting that increasing self-efficacy may provide an opportunity for improving oral health outcomes for Aboriginal adults.
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13
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Oshri A, Cui Z, Owens M, Carvalho C, Sweet L. Low-to-moderate level of perceived stress strengthens working memory: Testing the hormesis hypothesis through neural activation. Neuropsychologia 2022; 176:108354. [PMID: 36041501 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The negative impact of stress on neurocognitive functioning is extensively documented by empirical research. However, emerging reports suggest that stress may also confer positive neurocognitive effects. This hypothesis has been advanced by the hormesis model of psychosocial stress, in which low-moderate levels of stress are expected to result in neurocognitive benefits, such as improved working memory (WM), a central executive function. We tested the hormesis hypothesis, purporting an inverted U-shaped relation between stress and neurocognitive performance, in a large sample of young adults from the Human Connectome Project (n = 1000, Mage = 28.74, SD = 3.67, 54.3% female). In particular, we investigated whether neural response during a WM challenge is a potential intermediary through which low-moderate levels of stress confer beneficial effects on WM performance. Further, we tested whether the association between low-moderate prolonged stress and WM-related neural function was stronger in contexts with more psychosocial resources. Findings showed that low-moderate levels of perceived stress were associated with elevated WM-related neural activation, resulting in more optimal WM behavioral performance (α *β = -0.02, p = .046). The strength of this association tapered off at high-stress levels. Finally, we found that the benefit of low-moderate stress was stronger among individuals with access to higher levels of psychosocial resources (β = -0.06, p = .021). By drawing attention to the dose-dependent, nonlinear relation between stress and WM, this study highlights emerging evidence of a process by which mild stress induces neurocognitive benefits, and the psychosocial context under which benefits are most likely to manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Oshri
- Youth Development Institute, Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Georgia; Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Georgia.
| | - Zehua Cui
- Youth Development Institute, Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Georgia; The Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Georgia
| | - Max Owens
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/ St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cory Carvalho
- Youth Development Institute, Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Georgia
| | - Lawrence Sweet
- Youth Development Institute, Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Georgia; Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Georgia
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14
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Zakershahrak M, Ribeiro Santiago PH, Sethi S, Haag D, Jamieson L, Brennan D. Psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-3L in South Australia: a multi-method non-preference-based validation study. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:673-685. [PMID: 35060425 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2031941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although HRQoL tools such as the EQ-5D-3L are significant in determining health status, these measures have not been validated in general populations in Australia. This study aims to psychometrically validate the EQ-5D-3L in a large population sample in Australia for the first time. METHODS The EQ-5D-3L was included in the Dental Care and Oral Health study (DCOHS), conducted in a South Australian population sample. The participants were 23-91 years old, and 44.1% were male. The EQ-5D-3L was responded to on a three-point rating scale ("none"/"no", "some" and "extremely"/"unable"/"confined"). We employed the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) to evaluate whether the EQ-5D-3L total score could identify participants with diagnosed diseases and mental health disorders. Psychometric validation of the EQ-5D-3L investigated dimensionality with Exploratory Graph Analysis, model fit, floor/ceiling effects and criterion validity. RESULTS The EQ-5D-3L comprised two dimensions, Activities and Symptoms. According to Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation (RMSEA) (<.05) and Comparative Fit Index (CFI) (>.950), the 2-dimensional structure showed excellent model fit with good reliability for the Activities subscale (Ωc = 0.80-95% CI [0.77, 0.83]), and poor reliability for the Symptom subscale (Ωc = 0.56-95% CI [0.53, 0.58]). The EQ-5D-3L showed adequate reliability (Ωc = 0.70-95% CI [0.67, 0.72]). The EQ-5D-3L showed good discrimination for diagnosed diseases (ranging from 64.3% to 86.3%). Floor/ceiling effects were observed across all items. The EQ-5D-3L total score discriminated between respondents who were experiencing health conditions (e.g. cancer, cardiovascular disease, stroke) from healthy individuals. DISCUSSION Despite the ceiling effects, the EQ-5D-3L displayed good psychometric properties as an HRQoL measure and discriminated between health states in the general South Australian population. Further research should investigate the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L in South Australia and whether an increased number of response categories can mitigate the observed ceiling effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrsa Zakershahrak
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Pedro Henrique Ribeiro Santiago
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sneha Sethi
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dandara Haag
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lisa Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David Brennan
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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15
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Teacher stress and burnout in Australia: examining the role of intrapersonal and environmental factors. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2022; 25:441-469. [PMID: 35233183 PMCID: PMC8874312 DOI: 10.1007/s11218-022-09686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Concerns regarding high rates of teacher stress and burnout are present globally. Yet there is limited current data regarding the severity of stress, or the role of intrapersonal and environmental factors in relation to teacher stress and burnout within the Australian context. The present study, conducted over an 18-month period, prior to the COVID pandemic, surveyed 749 Australian teachers to explore their experience of work-related stress and burnout; differences in stress and burnout across different demographic groups within the profession; as well as the contributing role of intrapersonal and environmental factors, particularly, emotion regulation, subjective well-being, and workload. Results showed over half of the sample reported being very or extremely stressed and were considering leaving the profession, with early career teachers, primary teachers, and teachers working in rural and remote areas reporting the highest stress and burnout levels. Conditional process analyses highlighted the importance of emotion regulation, workload and subjective well-being in the development of teacher stress and some forms of burnout. Implications for educational practice are discussed.
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16
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Ali K, Iasiello M, van Agteren J, Mavrangelos T, Kyrios M, Fassnacht DB. A cross-sectional investigation of the mental health and wellbeing among individuals who have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 international border closure in Australia. Global Health 2022; 18:12. [PMID: 35135575 PMCID: PMC8822815 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-022-00807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the Australian government implementing strict international border closures. However, research has not yet investigated the mental health status of individuals impacted negatively by these international border closures. Methods The present study was a cross-sectional online survey of 3968 adults who reported being negatively affected by the border closure during June and July 2021. Psychological distress was measured with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), stress with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and wellbeing with the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF). Results In total, 3968 participants reported being negatively affected by the current restrictions (63.4% in Australia, 36.6% overseas). The vast majority of respondents (83.6%) reported high or very high levels of psychological distress (mean K10 score > 22), and 74.8% reported poor mental wellbeing, with similar risk profiles for participants in Australia or overseas. The most common scenarios of affected individuals included 1) wanting to enter Australia (30.8%), 2) wanting to leave Australia (29.6%) and 3) wanting someone to enter Australia (25.6%). Reasons included wanting to be with partners, family and friends (81.1%), for employment/economic reasons (4.9%), study (4.1%), personal safety/health (2.6%) or holiday (1.4%). While psychological distress was extremely high across all groups, separated partners and those with interrupted study experienced the highest distress (mean K10 = 35.7, n = 155). Conclusion The data suggests a highly elevated mental health risk profile among individuals who report being negatively affected by current Australian international border closures. The results provide valuable data to inform future policy decisions and have clear implications regarding effective service provision for this vulnerable group. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12992-022-00807-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathina Ali
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia. .,Órama Institute for Mental Health & Wellbeing, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
| | - Matthew Iasiello
- Wellbeing and Resilience Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Joep van Agteren
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.,Wellbeing and Resilience Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Teri Mavrangelos
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Michael Kyrios
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.,Órama Institute for Mental Health & Wellbeing, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Daniel B Fassnacht
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.,Órama Institute for Mental Health & Wellbeing, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
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17
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The Association between Emotional Stress, Sleep, and Awake Bruxism among Dental Students: A Sex Comparison. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010010. [PMID: 35011750 PMCID: PMC8745487 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial factors may play an important role in the etiology of sleep and awake bruxism. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between emotional stress and bruxism in male and female dental students at various stages of their education. Dental education in Israel is based on a six-year curriculum, divided into three stages: pre-medical studies (yr. 1-2), manual skills (yr. 3-4), and clinical experience (yr. 5-6). Each stage requires different capabilities and skills. Questionnaires regarding psychological state (SCL-90) measuring depression, anxiety, and somatization as well as stress evaluation questioners (Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire 14) were completed by 387 dental students in the 1st to 6th years. Sleep and awake bruxism were evaluated based on the respondent's awareness. During the manual stage of studies, a significant increase was identified, albeit with weak correlations, between stress scales, depression, anxiety, somatization, and the prevalence of awake bruxism, particularly among males. Only in females was sleep bruxism correlated with emotional parameters, whereas no significant difference in sleep bruxism was observed in males throughout the stages of the study. The manual years of dental education were found to be linked to higher levels of emotional distress and awake bruxism, particularly in men. Sleep bruxism, on the other hand, was not directly linked to emotional factors, implying a distinct etiology.
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18
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Whitton C, Healy JD, Collins CE, Mullan B, Rollo ME, Dhaliwal SS, Norman R, Boushey CJ, Delp EJ, Zhu F, McCaffrey TA, Kirkpatrick SI, Atyeo P, Mukhtar SA, Wright JL, Ramos-García C, Pollard CM, Kerr DA. Accuracy and Cost-effectiveness of Technology-Assisted Dietary Assessment Comparing the Automated Self-administered Dietary Assessment Tool, Intake24, and an Image-Assisted Mobile Food Record 24-Hour Recall Relative to Observed Intake: Protocol for a Randomized Crossover Feeding Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e32891. [PMID: 34924357 PMCID: PMC8726032 DOI: 10.2196/32891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of dietary intake underpins population nutrition surveillance and nutritional epidemiology and is essential to inform effective public health policies and programs. Technological advances in dietary assessment that use images and automated methods have the potential to improve accuracy, respondent burden, and cost; however, they need to be evaluated to inform large-scale use. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare the accuracy, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of 3 technology-assisted 24-hour dietary recall (24HR) methods relative to observed intake across 3 meals. METHODS Using a controlled feeding study design, 24HR data collected using 3 methods will be obtained for comparison with observed intake. A total of 150 healthy adults, aged 18 to 70 years, will be recruited and will complete web-based demographic and psychosocial questionnaires and cognitive tests. Participants will attend a university study center on 3 separate days to consume breakfast, lunch, and dinner, with unobtrusive documentation of the foods and beverages consumed and their amounts. Following each feeding day, participants will complete a 24HR process using 1 of 3 methods: the Automated Self-Administered Dietary Assessment Tool, Intake24, or the Image-Assisted mobile Food Record 24-Hour Recall. The sequence of the 3 methods will be randomized, with each participant exposed to each method approximately 1 week apart. Acceptability and the preferred 24HR method will be assessed using a questionnaire. Estimates of energy, nutrient, and food group intake and portion sizes from each 24HR method will be compared with the observed intake for each day. Linear mixed models will be used, with 24HR method and method order as fixed effects, to assess differences in the 24HR methods. Reporting bias will be assessed by examining the ratios of reported 24HR intake to observed intake. Food and beverage omission and intrusion rates will be calculated, and differences by 24HR method will be assessed using chi-square tests. Psychosocial, demographic, and cognitive factors associated with energy misestimation will be evaluated using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. The financial costs, time costs, and cost-effectiveness of each 24HR method will be assessed and compared using repeated measures analysis of variance tests. RESULTS Participant recruitment commenced in March 2021 and is planned to be completed by the end of 2021. CONCLUSIONS This protocol outlines the methodology of a study that will evaluate the accuracy, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of 3 technology-enabled dietary assessment methods. This will inform the selection of dietary assessment methods in future studies on nutrition surveillance and epidemiology. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12621000209897; https://tinyurl.com/2p9fpf2s. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/32891.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Whitton
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Janelle D Healy
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Barbara Mullan
- Enable Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Megan E Rollo
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Satvinder S Dhaliwal
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Richard Norman
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Enable Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Carol J Boushey
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Edward J Delp
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Fengqing Zhu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Tracy A McCaffrey
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Paul Atyeo
- Health Section, Health and Disability Branch, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra, Australia
| | - Syed Aqif Mukhtar
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Janine L Wright
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - César Ramos-García
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Division of Health Sciences, Tonalá University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Christina M Pollard
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Enable Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Deborah A Kerr
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Azizoddin DR, Kvaternik N, Beck M, Zhou G, Hasdianda MA, Jones N, Johnsky L, Im D, Chai PR, Boyer EW. Heal the Healers: A pilot study evaluating the feasibility, acceptability, and exploratory efficacy of a Transcendental Meditation intervention for emergency clinicians during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2021; 2:e12619. [PMID: 35005707 PMCID: PMC8716568 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emergency clinicians face elevated rates of burnout that result in poor outcomes for clinicians, patients, and health systems. The objective of this single-arm pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of a Transcendental Meditation (TM) intervention for emergency clinicians during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to explore the potential effectiveness in improving burnout, sleep, and psychological health. METHODS Emergency clinicians (physicians, nurses, and physician-assistants) from 2 urban hospitals were recruited to participate in TM instruction (8 individual or group in-person and remote sessions) for 3 months. Session attendance was the primary feasibility outcome (prespecified as attending 6/8 sessions), and burnout was the primary clinical outcome. Participant-reported measures of feasibility and validated measures of burnout, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and stress were collected at baseline and the 1-month and 3-month follow-ups. Descriptive statistics and linear mixed-effects models were used. RESULTS Of the 14 physicians (46%), 7 nurses (22%), and 10 physician-assistants (32%) who participated, 61% were female (n = 19/32). TM training and at-home meditation practice was feasible for clinicians as 90.6% (n = 29/32) attended 6/8 training sessions and 80.6% self-reported meditating at least once a day on average. Participants demonstrated significant reductions in burnout (P < .05; effect sizes, Cohen's d = 0.43-0.45) and in symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disturbance (P values < .001; Cohen's d = 0.70-0.87). CONCLUSION TM training was feasible for emergency clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic and led to significant reductions in burnout and psychological symptoms. TM is a safe and effective meditation tool to improve clinicians' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree R. Azizoddin
- Department of Emergency MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative CareDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Noelia Kvaternik
- Department of Emergency MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Meghan Beck
- Department of Emergency MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Guohai Zhou
- Center for Clinical InvestigationBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Natasha Jones
- Harvard Graduate School of EducationHarvard UniversityCambridgeUSA
| | - Lily Johnsky
- Department of Emergency MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Dana Im
- Department of Emergency MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Peter R. Chai
- Department of Emergency MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative CareDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- The Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- The Fenway InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Edward W. Boyer
- Department of Emergency MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- The Fenway InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Emergency MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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Santiago PHR, Manzini Macedo D, Haag D, Roberts R, Smithers L, Hedges J, Jamieson L. Exploratory Graph Analysis of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Children. Front Psychol 2021; 12:573825. [PMID: 34484017 PMCID: PMC8416422 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.573825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In Australia, one of the most frequently used measures for assessing social and emotional well-being (SEWB) of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children is the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Previous studies on state-level validations have indicated the problems associated with the original five-factor SDQ structure, especially in the dimension of Peer Problems. The aim of this study was to use a novel psychometric methodology, namely Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA), to evaluate the dimensionality of caregiver-informant SDQ version 4-10 years at a national level in Australia. Data for this study were retrospectively collected from two independent longitudinal studies: the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC) and South Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort (SAABC). The caregiver-informed SDQ version 4-10 years was applied across several study waves, including more than 4,000 responses. To conduct EGA, Gaussian graphical models (GGMs) were estimated using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator. About 2,500 bootstrap samples were also employed to investigate dimensions and item stability. The findings indicated robust evidence against the construct validity of the original five-factor SDQ structure. Future studies should conduct a direct external validation of the findings with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander parents/carers and community groups to develop the guidelines for future use of the instrument among Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Ribeiro Santiago
- Australia Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Davi Manzini Macedo
- Australia Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dandara Haag
- Australia Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rachel Roberts
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lisa Smithers
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne Hedges
- Australia Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lisa Jamieson
- Australia Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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21
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Ede MO, Okeke CI, Chinweuba NH, Onah SO, Nwakpadolu GM. Testing the Efficacy of Family Health-Model of REBT on Family Values and Quality of Family Life Among Parents of Children with Visual Impairment. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2021; 40:252-277. [PMID: 34393360 PMCID: PMC8355570 DOI: 10.1007/s10942-021-00409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The high rate of negative thinking in family circles due to the presence of children with visual impairment has grossly affects the quality of family life. In the case of Nigeria, low quality of family life is prevalent among parents of children with visual loss. This study attempts to validate the efficacy of a rational emotional family health therapy in addressing family values and quality of life among parents of children with visual impairment in Enugu state Nigeria. A group randomized controlled design, participants comprised 132 parents whose children were living with visual impairment in Enugu state, Nigeria. The participants in REFHP-group were exposed to a 12-session treatment programme whereas their counterparts in the waitlisted control group did not receive this intervention. Two measures-Family Quality of Life Scale and Family Value Scale were utilized in assessing the participants at three time points. Data analyses were completed using repeated measures ANOVA. Findings revealed that rational emotive family health therapy had a significantly positive effect on increasing family values and quality of family life among the study participants of the treatment group. This study contributes to the scholarship on the efficacy of rational emotive family health therapy in improving family values and quality of family life among parents of children with visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Onyemaechi Ede
- A Postdoctoral Fellow, School of Education Studies, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Chinedu Ifedi Okeke
- Head/Host, School of Education Studies, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ngozi H. Chinweuba
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Glory M. Nwakpadolu
- Department of Agricultural/Home Science Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State Nigeria
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22
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Martínez-García I, Nielsen T, Alastor E. Perceived Stress and Perceived Lack of Control of Spanish Education-Degree University Students: Differences Dependent on Degree Year, Basis for Admission and Gender. Psychol Rep 2021; 125:1824-1851. [PMID: 33823680 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211006023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress in higher education students is an issue of growing concern, as stress impacts quality of life and has been linked to drop-out from higher education. The aim was to investigate how stress was related to how far along students were in their degree program, using the Spanish Perceived Stress Scale (PSS10). We expected 1) first-year education students to experience more perceived lack of control than second-year students, 2) second-year students to experience more perceived stress than first-year students. Participants were students in three university education-degree programs (N = 399). The psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress (PS) and Perceived Lack of Control (PLC) subscales were investigated using Rasch models. One item was eliminated from each subscale. The estimated interval-level Rasch scores were utilized for testing hypotheses with general linear models. Results showed a somewhat more complex pattern than predicted as interaction effects between degree year and gender and between degree year and basis for admission were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Martínez-García
- Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Department of Didactics, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Tine Nielsen
- Department of Applied Research in Education and Social Sciences, UCL University College, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Didactics, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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Santiago PHR, Quintero A, Haag D, Roberts R, Smithers L, Jamieson L. Drop-the- p: Bayesian CFA of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in Australia. Front Psychol 2021; 12:542257. [PMID: 33716843 PMCID: PMC7953044 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.542257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate whether the 12-item Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) constitutes a valid and reliable measure of social support for the general adult Australian population. METHODS Data were from Australia's National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004-2006 and included 3899 participants aged 18 years old and over. The psychometric properties were evaluated with Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis. One-, two-, and three-factor (Significant Other, Family and Friends) structures were tested. Model fit was assessed with the posterior predictive p-value (PPPχ2), Bayesian root mean square error of approximation (BRMSEA), and Bayesian comparative fit index (BCFI). Dimensionality was tested by comparing competing factorial structures with the Bayes factor (BF). Reliability was evaluated with the Bayesian Ω H . Convergent validity was investigated with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and discriminant validity with the Perceived Dental Control scale (PDC-3). RESULTS The theoretical three-factor model (Significant Other, Family, and Friends) provided a good fit to the data [PPPχ2 < 0.001, BRMSEA = 0.089-95% credible interval (CrI) (0.088, 0.089); BCFI = 0.963-95% CrI (0.963, 0.964)]. The BF provided decisive support for the three-factor structure in relation to the other structures. The SO [BΩ H = 0.95 - 95% CrI (0.90, 0.99)], FA (BΩ H = 0.92 - 95% CrI (0.87, 0.97), and FR (BΩ H = 0.92 - 95% CrI (0.88, 0.97)] subscales displayed excellent reliability. The MSPSS displayed initial evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. CONCLUSION The MSPSS demonstrated good psychometric properties and excellent reliability in a large Australian sample. This instrument can be applied in national surveys and provide evidence of the role of social support in the Australian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Ribeiro Santiago
- Australia Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Adrian Quintero
- Icfes – Colombian Institute for Educational Evaluation, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Dandara Haag
- Australia Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rachel Roberts
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lisa Smithers
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lisa Jamieson
- Australia Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Marin-Farrona M, Leon-Jimenez M, Garcia-Unanue J, Gallardo L, Crespo-Ruiz C, Crespo-Ruiz B. Transtheoretical Model Is Better Predictor of Physiological Stress than Perceived Stress Scale and Work Ability Index among Office Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4410. [PMID: 32575454 PMCID: PMC7345331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity impacts positively on stress and anxiety. Working conditions affect the quality of life by increasing stress levels, which can affect job performance and work absence. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Work Ability Index (WAI), Transtheoretical Model (TTM), as well as heart rate variability (HRV) have been applied to monitor the state of workers in their job. The aim of this study was to analyze PSS, WAI, and TTM classifications, and to find out how are they linked to physiological stress (HRV). One hundred and thirteen office workers responded to the three questionnaires and their HRV was monitored for at least two full days. Groups were set up according to TTM (Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3-4, Stage 5), WAI (weak WAI, medium WAI, good WAI), and PSS (low PSS, medium PSS, high PSS). Results obtained from the test were related to stress values measured by HRV with a Bodyguard2 device. The Stage 5 group from TTM had better HVR and stress levels than the other groups for both women and men (p < 0.05). Participants in the good WAI group and low PSS group had better results than weak WAI and high PSS, but the differences with respect to medium WAI and medium PSS were less clear. Finally, TTM seemed to be the best tool to discriminate physiological stress in office workers with regard to other questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marin-Farrona
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Manuel Leon-Jimenez
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge Garcia-Unanue
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Leonor Gallardo
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Crespo-Ruiz
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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