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Dong C, Chen H, Li Y, Sun Y, Pan Y, Xu Q, Sun H. Patterns of Health-Risk Behaviours and Their Associations With Anxiety and Depression Among Chinese Young Adults by Gender: A Latent Class Analysis. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241258922. [PMID: 38842056 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241258922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated gender differences in health-risk behaviour patterns among young adults and assessed the associations of anxiety and depression with these patterns. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1740 young Chinese adults aged 18-24 years. Latent class analysis (LCA) and multinomial logistic regression were conducted to identify the clusters of health-risk behaviours and their associations with anxiety and depression. Three common patterns were found for both genders: physical inactivity, substance use, and insufficient fruit intake (5.7% for males [M] and 11.6% for females [F]); a sedentary lifestyle only (48.4% for M and 48.9% for F); and a sedentary lifestyle, substance use, and an unhealthy diet (7.6% for M and 20.0% for F). Additionally, two additional unique patterns were found: physical inactivity and unhealthy diet in males (38.3%) and physical inactivity and insufficient fruit intake in females (19.6%). Sociodemographic variables exert different effects on health-risk behaviour patterns as a function of gender. Lower anxiety levels (odds ratio [OR]: 0.892; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.823-0.966) and greater depression levels (OR: 1.074; 95% CI: 1.008-1.143) were associated with a sedentary lifestyle, substance use, and unhealthy diet class only in female young adults compared with a sedentary-only class. These findings underscore the need for the implementation of targeted interventions based on gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Dong
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Medical Informatics Center, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Sun
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinzhu Pan
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiongying Xu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Wang M, Mou X, Li T, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Tao S, Wan Y, Tao F, Wu X. Association Between Comorbid Anxiety and Depression and Health Risk Behaviors Among Chinese Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e46289. [PMID: 37405826 DOI: 10.2196/46289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety is very common among children and adolescents. Few studies have examined how comorbid anxiety and depression are associated with health risk behaviors (HRBs) in adolescents, which could inform preventative approaches for mental health. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association between HRBs and comorbid anxiety and depression in a large adolescent cohort. METHODS We used data from 22,868 adolescents in the National Youth Cohort (China). Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire scale and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, respectively. Comorbidity was determined by the coexistence of anxiety and depression. HRBs including poor diet, smoking, physical inactivity, and poor sleep, as well as the above HRB scores, were added to obtain the total HRB score (HRB risk index). Based on single and total HRB scores, we divided participants into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups. Potential confounders included gender, presence of siblings, regional economic level, educational status, self-rated health, parental education level, self-reported family income, number of friends, learning burden, and family history of psychosis. Correlation analysis was used to explore associations between single risk behaviors. Binary logistic regression estimated the association between HRBs and anxiety-depression comorbidity before and after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The comorbidity rate of anxiety and depression among Chinese adolescents was 31.6% (7236/22,868). There was a statistically significant association between each HRB (P<.05), and HRBs were positively associated with comorbid anxiety and depression in the above population. For single HRBs, adolescents with poor diet, smoking, and poor sleep (medium-risk) were more prone to anxiety-depression comorbidity after adjusting for confounders compared to low-risk adolescents. However, adolescents with all high-risk HRBs were more likely to have comorbid anxiety and depression after adjusting for confounders (poor diet odds ratio [OR] 1.50, 95% CI 1.39-1.62; smoking OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.67-2.81; physical inactivity OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06-1.28; poor sleep OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.70-2.01). Moreover, in both unadjusted (medium risk OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.56-2.05; high risk OR 3.09, 95% CI 2.72-3.52) and adjusted (medium risk OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.37-1.80; high risk OR 2.33, 95% CI 2.03-2.68) models, HRB risk index, like clustered HRBs, was positively associated with anxiety-depression comorbidity, and the strength of the association was stronger than for any single HRB. In addition, we found that compared to girls, the association between clustered HRBs and anxiety-depression comorbidity was stronger in boys after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that HRBs are related to comorbid anxiety and depression. Interventions that decrease HRBs may support mental health development in adolescence, with the potential to improve health and well-being through to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xingyue Mou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuman Tao
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
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Mbithi G, Mabrouk A, Sarki A, Odhiambo R, Namuguzi M, Dzombo JT, Atukwatse J, Kabue M, Mwangi P, Abubakar A. Mental health and psychological well-being of Kenyan adolescents from Nairobi and the Coast regions in the context of COVID-19. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:63. [PMID: 37208781 PMCID: PMC10198601 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the high burden of mental health problems during adolescence and its associated negative consequences, it has remained neglected especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The 2019 novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has placed additional stress on adolescent mental health. However, there are few studies documenting the burden of mental health problems and even fewer mental health services in the region. In relation to the limited body of knowledge, the present study aims to determine the psychological well-being of adolescents and to assess the risks and associated factors of mental health problems among adolescents in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 2022 among adolescents aged 13-19 years living in Nairobi, and the Coast region of Kenya. We utilized standardized psychological assessment tools including the Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Scale, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, The World Health Organization- Five Well-Being Index Scale, and the Pandemic Anxiety Scale, to evaluate the psychological wellbeing of the adolescents. A linear regression model was used to evaluate the correlates associated with quality of life, pandemic anxiety, and emotional and behavioural problems among adolescents. Subsequently, a logistic regression model was used to assess factors associated with depression and general anxiety disorders. Variables with a p-value < 0.25 in the univariate model were included in the multivariable regression model. RESULTS The results are based on 797 participants who met the inclusion criteria. We found the prevalence of depression to be relatively higher among out-of-school adolescents at 36.0% compared to school-going adolescents at 20.6%. Furthermore, out-of-school adolescents had significantly higher anxiety scores when compared to their school-going counterparts (27.7% vs 19.1%) respectively. In-school adolescents had a better quality of life scores, lower pandemic anxiety scores, and lower emotional and behavioral problems scores compared to their out-of-school counterparts. Key risk factors associated with depression include; being out-of-school (OR = 1.96 (95% CI 1.33- 2.88) p-value = 0.001), loneliness (OR = 10.68 (95% CI 4.49-22.86) p-value < 0.001), and living in an unsafe neighborhood (OR = 2.24 (95% CI 1.52-3.29) p-value < 0.001). An older age (OR = 1.16 (95% CI 1.03-1.30) p-value = 0.015), being out-of-school (OR = 1.81 (95% CI 1.19-2.77) p-value = 0.006), and living in an unsafe neighborhood (OR = 2.01 (95% CI 1.33-3.04) p-value = 0.001 were key factors associated with anxiety. Furthermore, key factors positively correlated with quality of life include; high socioeconomic status (ß (Std.Err) = 0.58 (0.14) p-value < 0.001, talking to friends often (ß (Std.Err) = 2.32 (0.53) p-value < 0.001, and being close to parents (ß (Std.Err) = 1.37 (0.62) = 0.026. CONCLUSION Our findings imply that mental health support services targeting adolescents in the country should be prioritized, especially for those who are out-of-school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Mbithi
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Adam Mabrouk
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ahmed Sarki
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Kampala, Uganda
- Family and Youth Health Initiative (FAYOHI), Jigawa State, Dutse, Nigeria
| | - Rachel Odhiambo
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mary Namuguzi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Joseph Atukwatse
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Margaret Kabue
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Mwangi
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Amina Abubakar
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Neurosciences Group, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Matias TS, Alves JF, Nienov GTA, Lopes MV, Vasconcellos DIC. Clustering of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and diet associated with social isolation among brazilian adolescents. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:562. [PMID: 36966307 PMCID: PMC10039485 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGOUND Although obesogenic behaviors have been found to be related to social isolation, evidence-based person-centered approaches are lacking. This study investigated the association between clusters of obesogenic behavior - derived from a data-driven process - and social isolation among Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Data from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) 2015 were analyzed. A total of 100,794 9th-grade students (51.3% females; 14.3 ± 0.1 years old) enrolled in 3,040 public and private high schools participated in the study. Social isolation was assessed by two outcomes (i.e., perceived loneliness and lack of close friends). A two-step cluster analysis was conducted to identify patterns of obesogenic behaviors with the input of leisure-time physical activity (PA), sitting time as a proxy of sedentary behavior (SB), and the weekly consumption of healthy and unhealthy food. Crude and adjusted binary logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the associations between the clusters of obesogenic behaviors and social isolation variables in adolescents. RESULTS Three clusters were identified. Adolescents in the "Health-promoting SB and diet" (32.6%; OR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.62-0.76) and "Health-promoting PA and diet" (44.9%; OR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.67-0.79) clusters had lower odds of loneliness compared to those in the "Health-risk" cluster (22.5%). Those belonging to the "Health-promoting PA and diet" cluster were more likely to report having close friends (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.00-1.41) than those in the "Health-risk" cluster. CONCLUSION Adolescents in clusters where positive behaviors outweighed negative ones were less likely to perceive themselves as lonely and without close connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Sousa Matias
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Julianne Fic Alves
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | | | - MarcusVinicius Veber Lopes
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
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Nagata JM, Chu J, Zamora G, Ganson KT, Testa A, Jackson DB, Costello CR, Murray SB, Baker FC. Screen Time and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Among Children 9-10 Years Old: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:390-396. [PMID: 36517380 PMCID: PMC9975071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to determine the prospective associations between baseline screen time and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) at 2-year follow-up in a national (United States) cohort of 9- to 10-year-old children. METHODS We analyzed prospective cohort data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (n = 9,208). Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between baseline self-reported screen time (exposure) and OCD, based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (outcome), at 2-year-follow-up, adjusting for race/ethnicity, sex, household income, parent education, family history of psychopathology, and study site, excluding participants with baseline OCD. RESULTS The sample was 48.9% female and racially and ethnically diverse (43.5% non-White). Each additional hour of total screen time was prospectively associated with 1.05 higher odds of OCD at 2-year follow-up (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.09). For specific screen time modalities, each additional hour of playing video games (adjusted odds ratio 1.15, 95% CI 1.03-1.28) and watching videos (adjusted odds ratio 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.23) was associated with a subsequent OCD diagnosis. CONCLUSION Video games and watching videos are prospectively associated with new-onset OCD in early adolescents. Future research should examine mechanisms linking these specific screen modalities to OCD development to inform future prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Jonathan Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Gabriel Zamora
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Caitlin R Costello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California; School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Yu J, Liu Y, Liao L, Yan J, Wang H. Cluster Analysis of Sleep Time and Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2023; 60:469580231153272. [PMID: 36748745 PMCID: PMC9909054 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231153272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents are prone to multiple health risk behaviors. These might lead to insufficient sleep, which is inconducive to adolescent growth. Therefore, this study explored the impact of a cluster of adolescent health risk behaviors on sleep time, providing a reference for designing relevant intervention measures. From November to December 2019, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to sample middle and high schools in 4 functional districts of Chongqing, China. A total of 8546 participants were selected for a questionnaire survey. Two-step clustering helped identify the health risk behavior clusters. Multivariate logistic regression models helped examine the association between the different clusters and sleep time. The rate of insufficient sleep was 65.8%. Three types of clusters were identified, namely (1) high-risk (poor) cluster (17.3%), (2) low physical activity (medium) cluster (55.1%), and (3) low-risk (good) cluster (27.6%). The high-risk and low physical activity clusters showed that the adjusted OR values of 1.471 (1.266-1.710) and 1.174 (1.052-1.310) were significantly associated with insufficient sleep (P < .001). Adolescent health risk behaviors were clustered, and different clusters had different sleep time. Schools authorities and healthcare practitioners should formulate effective intervention measures according to the characteristics of different clusters to promote healthy growth among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Liao
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yan
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Hong Wang, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Jalali Z, Fadakar MM, Iranpour A, Farvahari A, Alizadeh S. Investigating the relationship between high-risk behaviors and mental health in adolescents in Rabor city, Iran. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2023; 35:31-40. [PMID: 36194897 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2022-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-risk behaviors (HRBs) represent significant health threats for adolescents and significantly affect adolescents' mental health. Adolescents often engage in risky behaviors. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between high-risk behaviors (HRBs) and mental health in adolescents in Rabor. CONTENT The present study was a cross-sectional analytical study that was performed on 334 girl and boy students aged 12-18 years in Rabor city in 2021. In this study, adolescents answered high risk behaviors and mental health questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software and the spearman correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis (univariate and multivariate analysis) were used to analyze the data. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK In this study, the mean age was 15.25 ± 1.78. The findings indicate that smoking and hookah use were higher in boys than girls. Among the demographic variables, age and level of education had a positive and significant relationship with HRBs and mental health (p<0.05). The mean score of total mental health for all subjects was 12.83 ± 10.82. The variables of age, sex, marital status of parents, the number of children in the family, educational level, smoking, hookah, and alcohol have been determined as influential and facilitating factors in HRBs of adolescents. Father's literacy was considered as a facilitator and age variables, alcohol consumption and parents' marital status were considered as deterrents to mental health. The present study showed that the male gender is one of the risk factors for alcohol, smoking and other substances, the tendency to high-risk sexual behaviors, depression, and suicide in adolescents. Among the determinants of the tendency to HRBs in adolescents, psychological variables are of particular importance at the individual, social, and family levels. Good mental health can improve quality of life, while poor mental health can make it worse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Jalali
- School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Fadakar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abedin Iranpour
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arash Farvahari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayeh Alizadeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Impact of Metacognition on Health-Related Behavior: A Mediation Model Study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 2023:6547804. [PMID: 36761241 PMCID: PMC9904901 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6547804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective The study aims to explore the correlation mechanism among metacognition, attitude toward physical exercise, and health-related behavior in high school students. Methods A total of 869 students (17 ± 1.70) from Anhui, Zhejiang, Shandong, and Fujian provinces were selected by stratified sampling to complete the Metacognition Questionnaire, Health-Related Behavior Self-Rating Scale, Attitude Toward Physical Exercise Scale, and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (Simplified Chinese version, DASS-21). Results (1) Metacognition was negatively predictive of attitude toward physical exercise and health-related behavior (β = -0.236, P < 0.01; β = -0.239, P < 0.01) but positively predictive of negative emotion (β = 0.496, P < 0.01); (2) attitude toward physical exercise was positively predictive of health-related behavior (β = 0.533, P < 0.01) but negatively predictive of negative emotion (β = -0.336, P < 0.01); and (3) negative emotion was negatively predictive of health-related behavior (β = -0.389, P < 0.01). Conclusions Metacognition not only has a directly predictive effect on health-related behavior but also predicts it through attitude toward physical exercise. Negative emotion also mediates the relationship between metacognition and attitude toward physical exercise.
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Dolah S, Mohd Adnan M, Abd Rahman N. Towards Healthy Adolescents: A Review of Smoking Impact According to Dental Perspectives. JANUARY 2023 2023; 19:316-324. [DOI: 10.47836/mjmhs.19.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, tobacco companies target to recruit new smokers among adolescents due to this age group was easy to be influenced by smoking behaviours. This narrative review aimed to explore the possible impact of smoking among adolescents. Knowing the negative impacts of smoking might result in avoiding continuing the habit or preventing from initiation of the habit. The literature search on PubMed, SCOPUS, and Epistemonikos database with related search terms of “adolescents”, “smoking” and “impact”. Only papers published within the year 2017 to 2021 and in the English language were included. However, articles without full text were excluded from this review. Fourteen articles were selected and divided impacts into three categories which are effect on oral health, effect on general health and other impacts. Possible impacts of smoking among adolescents were identified, and it could be beneficial in the development of customized smoking prevention or smoking cessation intervention for adolescents.
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Mental Health Problems and Associated Factors among High School Students in Shandong Province of China: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148478. [PMID: 35886324 PMCID: PMC9320481 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Although many studies have analyzed the mental health problems (MHP) of Chinese adolescents, the associations of Chinese high school students’ MHP with personal and family circumstances, parents’ educational level, physical activity, and school adaptation are rarely discussed. Methods: The participants were 9398 students who were randomly recruited from 30 high schools in Shandong, China. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect data. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate associations between MHP and related factors. Results: The positive rate of MHP among high school students was 27.0%. Female, intimate friends of the opposite sex, poor family economic status, father’s educational level of primary school or below, low social competence, and high antisocial behavior were significantly associated with higher odds of having MHP (p < 0.05). Students’ self-reported odds of having obsessive−compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression were inversely related to their mother’s educational level. Compared with students who did not exercise, students who engaged in more than 30 min of physical activity 5−6 times per week had 60% lower self-reported odds of depression. Conclusions: We recommend strengthening the prevention, early detection, and treatment of MHP in high school students, especially those whose parents have low educational attainment, inactivity, and high disruptive behaviors.
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Nawangwulan EE, Pamungkasari EP, Widyaningsih V. The Influence of Health, Social, and Economic Determinants on the Obesity to Teenagers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is fat accumulation in the human body that increases or excessive weight. This case may cause diseases appearing in the human body, such as hypertension, cardiovascular, diabetes, and stroke. The number of obesities increased when the Covid-19 virus started to infect Indonesia. This study was conducted in October 2021 to discover the dominant factor of health, social, and economic determinants on the obesity that increased during the pandemic, especially to the first grade in SMKN 7 Malang. This study is used analytical observational with the cross-sectional study approach. This study's population is 465 students; however, the study divides them into the sample using purposive sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Hence, the final samples of the study are 102. There primarily taken from interviews and observations, also secondary data related to the name, age, gender, address of respondents. The data collection will analyze by multivariate analysis. This study found that the father's education level/mother and parents' income do not influence obesity. Then, food management, physical activity, and street food consumption have influenced obesity. In addition, the considered variable can explain the obesity variable on the teenager around 37,2%.
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Lei X, Liu C, Jiang H. Mental health of college students and associated factors in Hubei of China. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254183. [PMID: 34214107 PMCID: PMC8253420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although many studies have analyzed mental health problems in college students in China, the associations of mental health with individual and family circumstances, academic performance, and social support were rarely discussed. Objectives The study aimed to determine the mental health status and its associated factors among college students in China. Methods An online survey was conducted on 300 students selected through a cluster sampling strategy in a university in Hubei, China, tapping into sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, their mental health status measured by the modified Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), and social support measured by the Social Support Rating Scale. Multivariate linear regression models were established to identify predictors of the SCL-90 scores. Results Mental health disorders were found in 8% of the respondents, with obsessive compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity and depression as the top three reported problems. Compared with the national population norms of university students in 2014, our study participants had higher scores in SCL-90. There were statistically significant difference in the Global Severity index (GSI) and all nine subscales scores (p<0.05). Poorer self-rated health, higher study pressure, and lower social support were significant predictors of higher SCL-90 scores (p<0.05) after adjustment for variations in other variables. Conclusions College students in Hubei, China may experience a range of different mental health problems, which are associated with their individual, study, and social circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Lei
- School of Management, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (XL); (CL); (HJ)
| | - Chaojie Liu
- Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail: (XL); (CL); (HJ)
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail: (XL); (CL); (HJ)
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Atorkey P, Owiredua C. Clustering of multiple health risk behaviours and association with socio-demographic characteristics and psychological distress among adolescents in Ghana: A latent class analysis. SSM Popul Health 2021; 13:100707. [PMID: 33365380 PMCID: PMC7749432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the prevalence of multiple health risk behaviours, the clustering patterns of health risk behaviours, the association between socio-demographic characteristics, psychological distress and clusters and the relationship between number of health risk behaviours and psychological distress among adolescents in Ghana. Participants were senior high school (SHS) students aged 11-19 years who participated in the 2012 Global School-based Students Health Survey (n = 1763). Five health risk behaviours (smoking tobacco, inadequate fruit intake, inadequate vegetable intake, alcohol intake and physical inactivity) were measured. Participants were classified to be at risk if they indicated they smoked tobacco, did not eat fruit ≥ 2 times a day and vegetables ≥ 5 a day, drank alcohol during the past 30 days and did not engage in physical activity for ≥ 60 min per day during the past 7 days. Latent class analysis and latent regression were used to identify the clusters and factors associated with the clusters respectively. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between number of health risk behaviours and psychological distress. The prevalence of multiple health risk behaviours (2 or more) was 94.8%. Two clusters emerged: Cluster 1 ("Poor nutrition, inactive, low substance use cluster"; 91%); Cluster 2 ("High Risk Cluster"; 9%). Using cluster 1 as a reference group, adolescents in the 11-15 years category had lower odds of belonging to cluster 2 (OR = 0.21 CI 0.05-0.91, ρ = 0.036) while those experiencing symptoms of depression had higher odds of belonging to cluster 2 (OR = 2.45 CI 1.45-4.14, ρ = 0.001). No significant relationship was found between number of health risk behaviour and psychological distress. Health risk behaviours cluster among adolescents with age and depression associated with the identified clusters. Early interventions that target these clusters are needed at the individual, school and community level to mitigate the burden of non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Atorkey
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Mail Bag 10, Wallsend, New South Wales, 2287, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Christiana Owiredua
- Ӧrebro University, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Sweden
- Centre for Health and Medical Psychology, Ӧrebro University, Sweden
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