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Roohi A, Gharagozlou S. Vitamin D supplementation and calcium: Many-faced gods or nobody in fighting against Corona Virus Disease 2019. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 62:172-184. [PMID: 38901939 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
In December 2019, Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified and designated as a pandemic in March 2020 due to rapid spread of the virus globally. At the beginning of the pandemic, only a few treatment options, mainly focused on supportive care and repurposing medications, were available. Due to its effects on immune system, vitamin D was a topic of interest during the pandemic, and researchers investigated its potential impact on COVID-19 outcomes. However, the results of studies about the impact of vitamin D on the disease are inconclusive. In the present narrative review, different roles of vitamin D regarding the COVID-19 have been discussed to show that vitamin D supplementation should be recommended carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Roohi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Thiankhaw K, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. How calcineurin inhibitors affect cognition. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14161. [PMID: 38747643 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS With a focus on the discrepancy between preclinical and clinical findings, this review will gather comprehensive information about the effects of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) on cognitive function and related brain pathology from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. We also summarize the potential mechanisms that underlie the pathways related to CNI-induced cognitive impairment. METHODS We systematically searched articles in PubMed using keywords 'calcineurin inhibitor*' and 'cognition' to identify related articles, which the final list pertaining to underlying mechanisms of CNI on cognition. RESULTS Several studies have reported an association between calcineurin and the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is the most common neurocognitive disorder associated with amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, leading to cognitive impairment. CNI, including tacrolimus and cyclosporin A, are commonly prescribed for patients with transplantation of solid organs such as kidney, liver, or heart, those drugs are currently being used as long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Although preclinical models emphasize the favorable effects of CNI on the restoration of brain pathology due to the impacts of calcineurin on the alleviation of amyloid-beta deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation, or rescuing synaptic and mitochondrial functions, treatment-related neurotoxicity, resulting in cognitive dysfunctions has been observed in clinical settings of patients who received CNI. CONCLUSION Inconsistent results of CNI on cognition from clinical studies have been observed due to impairment of the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation mediated by reactive oxygen species, and alteration in mitochondrial fission, and extended research is required to confirm its promising use in cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Thiankhaw
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siripron C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Duan XP, Zhang CB, Wang WH, Lin DH. Role of calcineurin in regulating renal potassium (K +) excretion: Mechanisms of calcineurin inhibitor-induced hyperkalemia. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024:e14189. [PMID: 38860527 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Calcineurin, protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B) or protein phosphatase 3 (PP3), is a calcium-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase. Calcineurin is widely expressed in the kidney and regulates renal Na+ and K+ transport. In the thick ascending limb, calcineurin plays a role in inhibiting NKCC2 function by promoting the dephosphorylation of the cotransporter and an intracellular sorting receptor, called sorting-related-receptor-with-A-type repeats (SORLA), is involved in modulating the effect of calcineurin on NKCC2. Calcineurin also participates in regulating thiazide-sensitive NaCl-cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule. The mechanisms by which calcineurin regulates NCC include directly dephosphorylation of NCC, regulating Kelch-like-3/CUL3 E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex, which is responsible for WNK (with-no-lysin-kinases) ubiquitination, and inhibiting Kir4.1/Kir5.1, which determines NCC expression/activity. Finally, calcineurin is also involved in regulating ROMK (Kir1.1) channels in the cortical collecting duct and Cyp11 2 expression in adrenal zona glomerulosa. In summary, calcineurin is involved in the regulation of NKCC2, NCC, and inwardly rectifying K+ channels in the kidney, and it also plays a role in modulating aldosterone synthesis in adrenal gland, which regulates epithelial-Na+-channel expression/activity. Thus, application of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) is expected to abrupt calcineurin-mediated regulation of transepithelial Na+ and K+ transport in the kidney. Consequently, CNIs cause hypertension, compromise renal K+ excretion, and induce hyperkalemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Peng Duan
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Biao Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Dao-Hong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
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Unsal Y, Baltu D, Gulhan B, Okur FV, Ozaltın F, Düzova A, Topaloğlu R, Ozon ZA, Gonç EN. Calcineurin inhibitor-related hyperkalemia is caused by hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism and fludrocortisone is an effective treatment: Report of a case series and review of the literature. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14778. [PMID: 38767038 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are widely used in transplantation. Although CNI-related hyperkalemia is common (10%-60.6%), the underlying pathogenetic mechanism is not well-elucidated and may lead to dose adjustment or treatment withdrawal. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to describe CNI-related hyperkalemia due to hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism in pediatric transplant recipients who were successfully treated with fludrocortisone. METHOD In a total of 55 hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) and 35 kidney transplant recipients followed according to institutional immunosuppression protocols, recipients diagnosed with CNI-related hyperkalemia were reviewed. Recipients who were receiving intravenous fluid, potassium, or were diagnosed with hemolysis, acute graft rejection, or had an eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m2, were excluded. A detailed analysis of clinical history as well as biochemical studies was carried out to reveal possible pathophysiology. RESULTS Three pediatric transplant recipients (one HSCT, two kidney transplantation) with findings of hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and a mild elevation in blood urea nitrogen while on CNIs were recruited. Urinary potassium excretion was diminished while sodium excretion was increased. Plasma aldosterone levels were low, and renin was not increased in response. Primary adrenal insufficiency was ruled out, and hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism was diagnosed. CNI-related hyperkalemia was detected earlier in case 1, who had HSCT (22 days), than in the second and third cases, who had kidney transplantation (24 and 30 months post-transplantation, respectively). The discrepancy was hypothesized to be explained by higher overall CNI dose due to higher serum target CNI used in HSCT than kidney transplantation. Electrolyte imbalance was reversed upon administration of physiologic dose fludrocortisone (0.05 mg, daily), while fludrocortisone was ceased after CNI withdrawal in case 1, which is additional evidence for the etiological association of CNIs and hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. CONCLUSION Our three cases strengthen the premise that CNI-related hyperkalemia may be due to hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, and the timing and severity may be related to CNI dose. Fludrocortisone is a safe and effective treatment in CNI-related hyperkalemia, providing maintenance of CNIs, which are one of the essential therapeutic agents for pediatric transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Unsal
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Demet Baltu
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bora Gulhan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Visal Okur
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozaltın
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Düzova
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rezan Topaloğlu
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Alev Ozon
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elmas Nazlı Gonç
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Sun Y, Jin L, Qin Y, Ouyang Z, Zhong J, Zeng Y. Harnessing Mitochondrial Stress for Health and Disease: Opportunities and Challenges. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:394. [PMID: 38927274 PMCID: PMC11200414 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, essential organelles orchestrating cellular metabolism, have emerged as central players in various disease pathologies. Recent research has shed light on mitohormesis, a concept proposing an adaptive response of mitochondria to minor disturbances in homeostasis, offering novel therapeutic avenues for mitochondria-related diseases. This comprehensive review explores the concept of mitohormesis, elucidating its induction mechanisms and occurrence. Intracellular molecules like reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium, mitochondrial unfolded proteins (UPRmt), and integrated stress response (ISR), along with external factors such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), physical stimuli, and exercise, play pivotal roles in regulating mitohormesis. Based on the available evidence, we elucidate how mitohormesis maintains mitochondrial homeostasis through mechanisms like mitochondrial quality control and mitophagy. Furthermore, the regulatory role of mitohormesis in mitochondria-related diseases is discussed. By envisioning future applications, this review underscores the significance of mitohormesis as a potential therapeutic target, paving the way for innovative interventions in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.S.); (L.J.); (Y.Q.); (Z.O.); (J.Z.)
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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Baker JS, Davison GW, Yan X. Redox signaling and skeletal muscle adaptation during aerobic exercise. iScience 2024; 27:109643. [PMID: 38650987 PMCID: PMC11033207 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox regulation is a fundamental physiological phenomenon related to oxygen-dependent metabolism, and skeletal muscle is mainly regarded as a primary site for oxidative phosphorylation. Several studies have revealed the importance of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in the signaling process relating to muscle adaptation during exercise. To date, improving knowledge of redox signaling in modulating exercise adaptation has been the subject of comprehensive work and scientific inquiry. The primary aim of this review is to elucidate the molecular and biochemical pathways aligned to RONS as activators of skeletal muscle adaptation and to further identify the interconnecting mechanisms controlling redox balance. We also discuss the RONS-mediated pathways during the muscle adaptive process, including mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle remodeling, vascular angiogenesis, neuron regeneration, and the role of exogenous antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsong Zhou
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Wealth Management, Ningbo University of Finance and Economics, Ningbo, China
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Gareth W. Davison
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 IED, UK
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Qu Y, Wang S, Jiang H, Wang Q, Liao Y, Qiu X, Tan L, Song C, Ding C, Sun Y, Yang Z. The Ca 2+-dependent phosphatase calcineurin dephosphorylates TBK1 to suppress antiviral innate immunity. J Virol 2024; 98:e0001624. [PMID: 38563732 PMCID: PMC11092360 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00016-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor family member-associated NF-κB activator-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) plays a key role in the induction of the type 1 interferon (IFN-I) response, which is an important component of innate antiviral defense. Viruses target calcium (Ca2+) signaling networks, which participate in the regulation of the viral life cycle, as well as mediate the host antiviral response. Although many studies have focused on the role of Ca2+ signaling in the regulation of IFN-I, the relationship between Ca2+ and TBK1 in different infection models requires further elucidation. Here, we examined the effects of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels on the suppression of host antiviral responses. We demonstrated that intracellular Ca2+ increased significantly during NDV infection, leading to impaired IFN-I production and antiviral immunity through the activation of calcineurin (CaN). Depletion of Ca²+ was found to lead to a significant increase in virus-induced IFN-I production resulting in the inhibition of viral replication. Mechanistically, the accumulation of Ca2+ in response to viral infection increases the phosphatase activity of CaN, which in turn dephosphorylates and inactivates TBK1 in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Furthermore, the inhibition of CaN on viral replication was counteracted in TBK1 knockout cells. Together, our data demonstrate that NDV hijacks Ca2+ signaling networks to negatively regulate innate immunity via the CaN-TBK1 signaling axis. Thus, our findings not only identify the mechanism by which viruses exploit Ca2+ signaling to evade the host antiviral response but also, more importantly, highlight the potential role of Ca2+ homeostasis in the viral innate immune response.IMPORTANCEViral infections disrupt intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, which affects the regulation of various host processes to create conditions that are conducive for their own proliferation, including the host immune response. The mechanism by which viruses trigger TBK1 activation and IFN-I induction through viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns has been well defined. However, the effects of virus-mediated Ca2+ imbalance on the IFN-I pathway requires further elucidation, especially with respect to TBK1 activation. Herein, we report that NDV infection causes an increase in intracellular free Ca2+ that leads to activation of the serine/threonine phosphatase CaN, which subsequently dephosphorylates TBK1 and negatively regulates IFN-I production. Furthermore, depletion of Ca2+ or inhibition of CaN activity exerts antiviral effects by promoting the production of IFN-I and inhibiting viral replication. Thus, our results reveal the potential role of Ca2+ in the innate immune response to viruses and provide a theoretical reference for the treatment of viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyi Wang
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Sartorius AM, Rokicki J, Birkeland S, Bettella F, Barth C, de Lange AMG, Haram M, Shadrin A, Winterton A, Steen NE, Schwarz E, Stein DJ, Andreassen OA, van der Meer D, Westlye LT, Theofanopoulou C, Quintana DS. An evolutionary timeline of the oxytocin signaling pathway. Commun Biol 2024; 7:471. [PMID: 38632466 PMCID: PMC11024182 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin is a neuropeptide associated with both psychological and somatic processes like parturition and social bonding. Although oxytocin homologs have been identified in many species, the evolutionary timeline of the entire oxytocin signaling gene pathway has yet to be described. Using protein sequence similarity searches, microsynteny, and phylostratigraphy, we assigned the genes supporting the oxytocin pathway to different phylostrata based on when we found they likely arose in evolution. We show that the majority (64%) of genes in the pathway are 'modern'. Most of the modern genes evolved around the emergence of vertebrates or jawed vertebrates (540 - 530 million years ago, 'mya'), including OXTR, OXT and CD38. Of those, 45% were under positive selection at some point during vertebrate evolution. We also found that 18% of the genes in the oxytocin pathway are 'ancient', meaning their emergence dates back to cellular organisms and opisthokonta (3500-1100 mya). The remaining genes (18%) that evolved after ancient and before modern genes were classified as 'medium-aged'. Functional analyses revealed that, in humans, medium-aged oxytocin pathway genes are highly expressed in contractile organs, while modern genes in the oxytocin pathway are primarily expressed in the brain and muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina M Sartorius
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaroslav Rokicki
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Birkeland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesco Bettella
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claudia Barth
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann-Marie G de Lange
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marit Haram
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey Shadrin
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adriano Winterton
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emanuel Schwarz
- Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dan J Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Daniel S Quintana
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- NevSom, Department of Rare Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Remines M, Schoonover MG, Knox Z, Kenwright K, Hoffert KM, Coric A, Mead J, Ampfer J, Seye S, Strome ED. Profiling the compendium of changes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to mutations that alter availability of the main methyl donor S-Adenosylmethionine. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae002. [PMID: 38184845 PMCID: PMC10989883 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The SAM1 and SAM2 genes encode for S-Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) synthetase enzymes, with AdoMet serving as the main cellular methyl donor. We have previously shown that independent deletion of these genes alters chromosome stability and AdoMet concentrations in opposite ways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To characterize other changes occurring in these mutants, we grew wildtype, sam1Δ/sam1Δ, and sam2Δ/sam2Δ strains in 15 different Phenotypic Microarray plates with different components and measured growth variations. RNA-Sequencing was also carried out on these strains and differential gene expression determined for each mutant. We explored how the phenotypic growth differences are linked to the altered gene expression, and hypothesize mechanisms by which loss of the SAM genes and subsequent AdoMet level changes, impact pathways and processes. We present 6 stories, discussing changes in sensitivity or resistance to azoles, cisplatin, oxidative stress, arginine biosynthesis perturbations, DNA synthesis inhibitors, and tamoxifen, to demonstrate the power of this novel methodology to broadly profile changes due to gene mutations. The large number of conditions that result in altered growth, as well as the large number of differentially expressed genes with wide-ranging functionality, speaks to the broad array of impacts that altering methyl donor abundance can impart. Our findings demonstrate that some cellular changes are directly related to AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases and AdoMet availability, some are directly linked to the methyl cycle and its role in production of several important cellular components, and others reveal impacts of SAM gene mutations on previously unconnected pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKayla Remines
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Makailyn G Schoonover
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Zoey Knox
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Kailee Kenwright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Kellyn M Hoffert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Amila Coric
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - James Mead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Joseph Ampfer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Serigne Seye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Erin D Strome
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
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Yu X, Dang L, Zhang R, Yang W. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the PERK Signaling Pathway in Ischemic Stroke. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:353. [PMID: 38543139 PMCID: PMC10974972 DOI: 10.3390/ph17030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Many pathologic states can lead to the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in cells. This causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which encompasses three main adaptive branches. One of these UPR branches is mediated by protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), an ER stress sensor. The primary consequence of PERK activation is the suppression of global protein synthesis, which reduces ER workload and facilitates the recovery of ER function. Ischemic stroke induces ER stress and activates the UPR. Studies have demonstrated the involvement of the PERK pathway in stroke pathophysiology; however, its role in stroke outcomes requires further clarification. Importantly, considering mounting evidence that supports the therapeutic potential of the PERK pathway in aging-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases, this pathway may represent a promising therapeutic target in stroke. Therefore, in this review, our aim is to discuss the current understanding of PERK in ischemic stroke, and to summarize pharmacologic tools for translational stroke research that targets PERK and its associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Yang
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, 303 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Liu R, Li Y, Zheng Q, Ding M, Zhou H, Li X. Epigenetic modification in liver fibrosis: Promising therapeutic direction with significant challenges ahead. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1009-1029. [PMID: 38486982 PMCID: PMC10935124 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, characterized by scar tissue formation, can ultimately result in liver failure. It's a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, often associated with chronic liver diseases like hepatitis or alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. However, current treatment options are limited, highlighting the urgent need for the development of new therapies. As a reversible regulatory mechanism, epigenetic modification is implicated in many biological processes, including liver fibrosis. Exploring the epigenetic mechanisms involved in liver fibrosis could provide valuable insights into developing new treatments for chronic liver diseases, although the current evidence is still controversial. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the regulatory mechanisms and critical targets of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA modification, in liver fibrotic diseases. The potential cooperation of different epigenetic modifications in promoting fibrogenesis was also highlighted. Finally, available agonists or inhibitors regulating these epigenetic mechanisms and their potential application in preventing liver fibrosis were discussed. In summary, elucidating specific druggable epigenetic targets and developing more selective and specific candidate medicines may represent a promising approach with bright prospects for the treatment of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102400, China
| | - Yajing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102400, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102400, China
| | - Mingning Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102400, China
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 22460, USA
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102400, China
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12
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Hu M, Cai JY, He Y, Chen K, Hao F, Kang JS, Pan Y, Tie L, Li XJ. Protective effects of curcumin on desipramine-induced islet β-cell damage via AKAP150/PKA/PP2B complex. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:327-338. [PMID: 37845344 PMCID: PMC10789796 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are widely used to treat depression and anxiety-related mood disorders. But evidence shows that TCAs elevate blood glucose levels and inhibit insulin secretion, suggesting that TCAs are a risk factor, particularly for individuals with diabetes. Curcumin is a bioactive molecule from the rhizome of the Curcuma longa plant, which has shown both antidepressant and anti-diabetic activities. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of curcumin against desipramine-induced apoptosis in β cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. In the mouse forced swimming test (FST), we found that lower doses of desipramine (5 and 10 mg/kg) or curcumin (2.5 mg/kg) alone did not affect the immobility time, whereas combined treatment with curcumin (2.5 mg/kg) and desipramine (5, 10 mg/kg) significantly decreased the immobility time. Furthermore, desipramine dose-dependently inhibited insulin secretion and elevated blood glucose levels, whereas the combined treatment normalized insulin secretion and blood glucose levels. In RIN-m5F pancreatic β-cells, desipramine (10 μM) significantly reduced the cell viability, whereas desipramine combined with curcumin dose-dependently prevented the desipramine-induced impairment in glucose-induced insulin release, most effectively with curcumin (1 and 10 μM). We demonstrated that desipramine treatment promoted the cleavage and activation of Caspase 3 in RIN-m5F cells. Curcumin treatment inhibited desipramine-induced apoptosis, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Desipramine increased the generation of reactive oxygen species, which was reversed by curcumin treatment. Curcumin also inhibited the translocation of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and suppressed the binding of A-kinase anchor protein 150 (AKAP150) to protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B, known as calcineurin) that was induced by desipramine. These results suggest that curcumin protects RIN-m5F pancreatic β-cells against desipramine-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/FOXO1 pathway and the AKAP150/PKA/PP2B interaction. This study suggests that curcumin may have therapeutic potential as an adjunct to antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University & Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jia-Ying Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University & Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University & Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University & Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Feng Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University & Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jin-Sen Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University & Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University & Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lu Tie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University & Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University & Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China.
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13
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Qin K, Yu M, Fan J, Wang H, Zhao P, Zhao G, Zeng W, Chen C, Wang Y, Wang A, Schwartz Z, Hong J, Song L, Wagstaff W, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Ho SH, Strelzow J, Reid RR, He TC, Shi LL. Canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling: Multilayered mediators, signaling mechanisms and major signaling crosstalk. Genes Dis 2024; 11:103-134. [PMID: 37588235 PMCID: PMC10425814 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a major role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The Wnt ligands are a family of 19 secreted glycoproteins that mediate their signaling effects via binding to Frizzled receptors and LRP5/6 coreceptors and transducing the signal either through β-catenin in the canonical pathway or through a series of other proteins in the noncanonical pathway. Many of the individual components of both canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling have additional functions throughout the body, establishing the complex interplay between Wnt signaling and other signaling pathways. This crosstalk between Wnt signaling and other pathways gives Wnt signaling a vital role in many cellular and organ processes. Dysregulation of this system has been implicated in many diseases affecting a wide array of organ systems, including cancer and embryological defects, and can even cause embryonic lethality. The complexity of this system and its interacting proteins have made Wnt signaling a target for many therapeutic treatments. However, both stimulatory and inhibitory treatments come with potential risks that need to be addressed. This review synthesized much of the current knowledge on the Wnt signaling pathway, beginning with the history of Wnt signaling. It thoroughly described the different variants of Wnt signaling, including canonical, noncanonical Wnt/PCP, and the noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. Further description involved each of its components and their involvement in other cellular processes. Finally, this review explained the various other pathways and processes that crosstalk with Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Qin
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael Yu
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Piao Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guozhi Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Interventional Neurology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523475, China
| | - Connie Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Annie Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zander Schwartz
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hong
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lily Song
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - William Wagstaff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sherwin H. Ho
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jason Strelzow
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lewis L. Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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14
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Bhandari R, Varma M, Rana P, Dhingra N, Kuhad A. Taurine as a potential therapeutic agent interacting with multiple signaling pathways implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD): An in-silico analysis. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 15:170-177. [PMID: 37711998 PMCID: PMC10497788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.08.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a complex sequelae of neurodevelopmental disorders which manifest in the form of communication and social deficits. Currently, only two agents, namely risperidone and aripiprazole have been approved for the treatment of ASD, and there is a dearth of more drugs for the disorder. The exact pathophysiology of autism is not understood clearly, but research has implicated multiple pathways at different points in the neuronal circuitry, suggesting their role in ASD. Among these, the role played by neuroinflammatory cascades like the NF-KB and Nrf2 pathways, and the excitotoxic glutamatergic system, are said to have a bearing on the development of ASD. Similarly, the GPR40 receptor, present in both the gut and the blood brain barrier, has also been said to be involved in the disorder. Consequently, molecules which can act by interacting with one or multiple of these targets might have a potential in the therapy of the disorder, and for this reason, this study was designed to assess the binding affinity of taurine, a naturally-occurring amino acid, with these target molecules. The same was scored against these targets using in-silico docking studies, with Risperidone and Aripiprazole being used as standard comparators. Encouraging docking scores were obtained for taurine across all the selected targets, indicating promising target interaction. But the affinity for targets actually varied in the order NRF-KEAP > NF-κB > NMDA > Calcium channel > GPR 40. Given the potential implication of these targets in the pathogenesis of ASD, the drug might show promising results in the therapy of the disorder if subjected to further evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Bhandari
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Manasi Varma
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry & CADD-Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC, Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Priyanka Rana
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry & CADD-Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC, Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Neelima Dhingra
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry & CADD-Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC, Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
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15
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Devilée LA, Miller JM, Reid JD, Salama ABM, Ou Q, Jamal M, Nong Y, Andres D, Satin J, Mohamed TMA, Hudson JE, Abouleisa RRE. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of LTCC promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation through inhibition of calcineurin activity. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3552794. [PMID: 38076903 PMCID: PMC10705701 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3552794/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) lost during ischemic cardiac injury cannot be replaced due to their limited proliferative capacity, which leads to progressive heart failure. Calcium (Ca2+) is an important signal transducer that regulates key cellular processes, but its role in regulating CM proliferation is incompletely understood. A drug screen targeting proteins involved in CM calcium cycling in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac organoids (hCOs) revealed that only the inhibition of L-Type Calcium Channel (LTCC), but not other Ca2+ regulatory proteins (SERCA or RYR), induced the CM cell cycle. Furthermore, overexpression of Ras-related associated with Diabetes (RRAD), an endogenous inhibitor of LTCC, induced CM cell cycle activity in vitro, in human cardiac slices, and in vivo. Mechanistically, LTCC inhibition by RRAD induces the cell cycle in CMs by modulating calcineurin activity and translocating Hoxb13 to the CM nucleus. Together, this represents a robust pathway for regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn A.C. Devilée
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Cardiac Bioengineering Laboratory, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica M. Miller
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, U.S.A
- Surgery Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Janice D. Reid
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Cardiac Bioengineering Laboratory, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abou Bakr M. Salama
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, U.S.A
- Surgery Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Qinghui Ou
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, U.S.A
| | - Madiha Jamal
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, U.S.A
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yibing Nong
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, U.S.A
| | - Douglas Andres
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan Satin
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, U.S.A
| | - Tamer M. A. Mohamed
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, U.S.A
- Surgery Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - James E. Hudson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Cardiac Bioengineering Laboratory, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Riham R. E. Abouleisa
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, U.S.A
- Surgery Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
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16
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Mackiewicz J, Lisek M, Boczek T. Targeting CaN/NFAT in Alzheimer's brain degeneration. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281882. [PMID: 38077352 PMCID: PMC10701682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive functions. While the exact causes of this debilitating disorder remain elusive, numerous investigations have characterized its two core pathologies: the presence of β-amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Additionally, multiple studies of postmortem brain tissue, as well as results from AD preclinical models, have consistently demonstrated the presence of a sustained inflammatory response. As the persistent immune response is associated with neurodegeneration, it became clear that it may also exacerbate other AD pathologies, providing a link between the initial deposition of β-amyloid plaques and the later development of neurofibrillary tangles. Initially discovered in T cells, the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) is one of the main transcription factors driving the expression of inflammatory genes and thus regulating immune responses. NFAT-dependent production of inflammatory mediators is controlled by Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin (CaN), which dephosphorylates NFAT and promotes its transcriptional activity. A substantial body of evidence has demonstrated that aberrant CaN/NFAT signaling is linked to several pathologies observed in AD, including neuronal apoptosis, synaptic deficits, and glia activation. In view of this, the role of NFAT isoforms in AD has been linked to disease progression at different stages, some of which are paralleled to diminished cognitive status. The use of classical inhibitors of CaN/NFAT signaling, such as tacrolimus or cyclosporine, or adeno-associated viruses to specifically inhibit astrocytic NFAT activation, has alleviated some symptoms of AD by diminishing β-amyloid neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. In this article, we discuss the recent findings related to the contribution of CaN/NFAT signaling to the progression of AD and highlight the possible benefits of targeting this pathway in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomasz Boczek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Yan W, Maimaitimin M, Wu Y, Fan Y, Ren S, Zhao F, Cao C, Hu X, Cheng J, Ao Y. Meniscal fibrocartilage regeneration inspired by meniscal maturational and regenerative process. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8138. [PMID: 37939174 PMCID: PMC10631723 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Meniscus is a complex and crucial fibrocartilaginous tissue within the knee joint. Meniscal regeneration remains to be a scientific and translational challenge. We clarified that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) participated in meniscal maturation and regeneration using MSC-tracing transgenic mice model. Here, inspired by meniscal natural maturational and regenerative process, we developed an effective and translational strategy to facilitate meniscal regeneration by three-dimensionally printing biomimetic meniscal scaffold combining autologous synovium transplant, which contained abundant intrinsic MSCs. We verified that this facilitated anisotropic meniscus-like tissue regeneration and protected cartilage from degeneration in large animal model. Mechanistically, the biomechanics and matrix stiffness up-regulated Piezo1 expression, facilitating concerted activation of calcineurin and NFATc1, further activated YAP-pSmad2/3-SOX9 axis, and consequently facilitated fibrochondrogenesis of MSCs during meniscal regeneration. In addition, Piezo1 induced by biomechanics and matrix stiffness up-regulated collagen cross-link enzyme expression, which catalyzed collagen cross-link and thereby enhanced mechanical properties of regenerated tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Yan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Maihemuti Maimaitimin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Fan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyuan Zhao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Cao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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18
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Danowska M, Strączkowski M. The Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Calcineurin/NFAT Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 131:589-594. [PMID: 37875146 DOI: 10.1055/a-2174-7958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the tissue directly involved in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Glucose is the primary energy substrate for contracting muscles, and proper metabolism of glucose is essential for health. Contractile activity and the associated Ca2+signaling regulate functional capacity and muscle mass. A high concentration of Ca2+and the presence of calmodulin (CaM) leads to the activation of calcineurin (CaN), a protein with serine-threonine phosphatase activity. The signaling pathway linked with CaN and transcription factors like the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is essential for skeletal muscle development and reprogramming of fast-twitch to slow-twitch fibers. CaN activation may promote metabolic adaptations in muscle cells, resulting in better insulin-stimulated glucose transport. The molecular mechanisms underlying the altered insulin response remain unclear. The role of the CaN/NFAT pathway in regulating skeletal muscle hypertrophy is better described than its involvement in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Thus, there are opportunities for future research in that field. This review presents the role of CaN/NFAT signaling and suggests the relationship with insulin-resistant muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Danowska
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marek Strączkowski
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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19
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R M N, Joy A. In silico discovery of novel calcineurin inhibitors using ligand-based 3-D pharmacophore modelling and molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37850491 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2271103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin is a serine-threonine protein phosphatase that is activated with the binding of calmodulin in the presence of increased calcium concentration and has a major role in various signaling pathways. Its role in regulating homeostasis, developmental processes, and different disease progression has already been reported. The dysregulated Ca2+/calcineurin/NFAT1-4 pathway is observed in Autoimmune disorders and hence the use of Calcineurin inhibitors like Cyclosporin A (CsA) and Tacrolimus (FK506) is widely done in such cases. Recent studies indicate the uncontrolled overexpression of the Calcineurin protein in the pathophysiological pathway of neurodegenerative diseases. The in vitro and animal model studies with standard calcineurin inhibitors (CnIs), which are widely labeled as immunosuppressant drugs, have shown a significant reduction of neurodegeneration in respective models. These results compel the identification of novel calcineurin inhibitors against neurodegenerative diseases. With this scenario, the present work focuses on the computer-aided identification of novel CnIs via ligand-based 3-D pharmacophore modelling. Known CnIs, CsA, and FK506, were used to build the pharmacophore models which were validated and screened against external databases to retrieve possible hits. Docking investigations, pharmacokinetic properties, and molecular dynamics simulations along with toxicity predictions were performed on the hits that were obtained. According to the study, a total of 5 molecules ILB 162, ILB 005, ILB 439, ILB 390, and ILB 198, were found to be the best calcineurin inhibitors with binding affinity in the range of -9.7 to -9.0 Kcal/mol with 1MF8 (PDB). The stability of interactions of these molecules was further validated via Molecular dynamics simulation studies to confirm these to be the potential calcineurin-inhibiting molecules. HIGHLIGHTSCalcineurin inhibitors can be a novel therapeutic candidate against neurodegenerative diseases.The identification of novel Calcineurin inhibitors was done in silico using ligand-based 3-D pharmacophore modelling using Ligand Scout Essential 4.4. software.The model could identify 440 hits from various external databases like PubChem (2432 molecules), ChemSpider, MayBridge, DrugBank, and e-Drug 3D by Cheminformatic Tools and Databases for Pharmacology.Out of which 5 molecules: ILB 162, ILB 005, ILB 439, ILB 390, and ILB 198, were found to be the best calcineurin inhibitors with binding affinity in the range of -9.7 to -9.0 Kcal/mol with 1MF8 (PDB) which were further confirmed to be the best CnI candidates via Molecular dynamics simulation studies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivya R M
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology, APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University of Kerala, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Amitha Joy
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology, APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University of Kerala, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Stallings NR, O'Neal MA, Hu J, Shen ZJ, Malter JS. Long-term normalization of calcineurin activity in model mice rescues Pin1 and attenuates Alzheimer's phenotypes without blocking peripheral T cell IL-2 response. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:179. [PMID: 37849016 PMCID: PMC10580561 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have largely failed to yield significant therapeutic benefits. Novel approaches are desperately needed to help address this immense public health issue. Data suggests that early intervention at the first stages of mild cognitive impairment may have a greater chance for success. The calcineurin (CN)-Pin1 signaling cascade can be selectively targeted with tacrolimus (FK506), a highly specific, FDA-approved CN inhibitor used safely for > 20 years in solid organ transplant recipients. AD prevalence was significantly reduced in solid organ recipients treated with FK506. METHODS Time release pellets were used to deliver constant FK506 dosage to APP/PS1 mice without deleterious manipulation or handling. Immunofluorescence, histology, molecular biology, and behavior were used to evaluate changes in AD pathology. RESULTS FK506 can be safely and consistently delivered into juvenile APP/PS1 mice via time-release pellets to levels roughly seen in transplant patients, leading to the normalization of CN activity and reduction or elimination of AD pathologies including synapse loss, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment. Pin1 activity and function were rescued despite the continuing presence of high levels of transgenic Aβ42. Indicators of neuroinflammation including Iba1 positivity and IL-6 production were also reduced to normal levels. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained during treatment or splenocytes isolated at euthanasia activated normally after mitogens. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose, constant FK506 can normalize CNS CN and Pin1 activity, suppress neuroinflammation, and attenuate AD-associated pathology without blocking peripheral IL-2 responses making repurposed FK506 a viable option for early, therapeutic intervention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R Stallings
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Melissa A O'Neal
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Zhong-Jian Shen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - James S Malter
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Kale A, Shelke V, Lei Y, Gaikwad AB, Anders HJ. Voclosporin: Unique Chemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicity Profile, and Possible Options for Implementation into the Management of Lupus Nephritis. Cells 2023; 12:2440. [PMID: 37887284 PMCID: PMC10605893 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) can suppress allo- and autoimmunity by suppressing T cell function but also have anti-proteinuric effects by stabilizing the cellular components of the kidney's filtration barrier. Therefore, CNI are used in autoimmune kidney diseases with proteinuria. However, the traditional CNI, cyclosporine A and tacrolimus, have a narrow therapeutic range, need monitoring of drug levels, and their use is associated with nephrotoxicity and metabolic alterations. Voclosporin (VOC), a novel CNI, no longer requires drug level monitoring and seems to lack these adverse effects, although hypertension and drug-drug interactions still occur. VOC demonstrated efficacy superior to standard-of-care in controlling active lupus nephritis in the phase 2 AURA-LV and the phase 3 AURORA-1 trials and was approved for the treatment of active lupus nephritis. However, how to implement VOC into the current and changing treatment landscape of lupus nephritis is still debated. Here, we review the unique chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity profile of VOC, summarize the efficacy and safety data from the AURA-LV and AURORA-1 trials, and discuss the following four possible options to implement VOC into the management of lupus nephritis, namely regarding B cell-targeting therapy with belimumab (BEL). These include: 1. patient stratification to either VOC or BEL, 2. VOC/BEL combination therapy, 3. VOC-BEL sequential therapy, or 4. alternative options for the rapid antiproteinuric effect of VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinath Kale
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India; (A.K.); (V.S.); (A.B.G.)
| | - Vishwadeep Shelke
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India; (A.K.); (V.S.); (A.B.G.)
| | - Yutian Lei
- Division of Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 333031 Munich, Germany;
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India; (A.K.); (V.S.); (A.B.G.)
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
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22
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O'Donnell C. Nonlinear slow-timescale mechanisms in synaptic plasticity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 82:102778. [PMID: 37657186 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Learning and memory rely on synapses changing their strengths in response to neural activity. However, there is a substantial gap between the timescales of neural electrical dynamics (1-100 ms) and organism behaviour during learning (seconds-minutes). What mechanisms bridge this timescale gap? What are the implications for theories of brain learning? Here I first cover experimental evidence for slow-timescale factors in plasticity induction. Then I review possible underlying cellular and synaptic mechanisms, and insights from recent computational models that incorporate such slow-timescale variables. I conclude that future progress in understanding brain learning across timescales will require both experimental and computational modelling studies that map out the nonlinearities implemented by both fast and slow plasticity mechanisms at synapses, and crucially, their joint interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian O'Donnell
- School of Computing, Engineering, and Intelligent Systems, Magee Campus, Ulster University, Derry/Londonderry, UK; School of Computer Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, and Engineering Maths, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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23
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Kettritz R, Loffing J. Potassium homeostasis - Physiology and pharmacology in a clinical context. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 249:108489. [PMID: 37454737 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Membrane voltage controls the function of excitable cells and is mainly a consequence of the ratio between the extra- and intracellular potassium concentration. Potassium homeostasis is safeguarded by balancing the extra-/intracellular distribution and systemic elimination of potassium to the dietary potassium intake. These processes adjust the plasma potassium concentration between 3.5 and 4.5 mmol/L. Several genetic and acquired diseases but also pharmacological interventions cause dyskalemias that are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The thresholds at which serum K+ not only associates but also causes increased mortality are hotly debated. We discuss physiologic, pathophysiologic, and pharmacologic aspects of potassium regulation and provide informative case vignettes. Our aim is to help clinicians, epidemiologists, and pharmacologists to understand the complexity of the potassium homeostasis in health and disease and to initiate appropriate treatment strategies in dyskalemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Kettritz
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Nag S, Szederkenyi K, Gorbenko O, Tyrrell H, Yip CM, McQuibban GA. PGAM5 is an MFN2 phosphatase that plays an essential role in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112895. [PMID: 37498743 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial morphology is regulated by the post-translational modifications of the dynamin family GTPase proteins including mitofusin 1 (MFN1), MFN2, and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). Mitochondrial phosphatase phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) is emerging as a regulator of these post-translational modifications; however, its precise role in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology is unknown. We show that PGAM5 interacts with MFN2 and DRP1 in a stress-sensitive manner. PGAM5 regulates MFN2 phosphorylation and consequently protects it from ubiquitination and degradation. Further, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation modification of MFN2 regulates its fusion ability. Phosphorylation enhances fission and degradation, whereas dephosphorylation enhances fusion. PGAM5 dephosphorylates MFN2 to promote mitochondrial network formation. Further, using a Drosophila genetic model, we demonstrate that the MFN2 homolog Marf and dPGAM5 are in the same biological pathway. Our results identify MFN2 dephosphorylation as a regulator of mitochondrial fusion and PGAM5 as an MFN2 phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Kaitlin Szederkenyi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Olena Gorbenko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Hannah Tyrrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Christopher M Yip
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - G Angus McQuibban
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
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25
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Wang S, Zhao H, Lin S, Lv Y, Lin Y, Liu Y, Peng R, Jin H. New therapeutic directions in type II diabetes and its complications: mitochondrial dynamics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1230168. [PMID: 37670891 PMCID: PMC10475949 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1230168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As important organelles of energetic and metabolism, changes in the dynamic state of mitochondria affect the homeostasis of cellular metabolism. Mitochondrial dynamics include mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial fission. The former is coordinated by mitofusin-1 (Mfn1), mitofusin-2 (Mfn2), and optic atrophy 1 (Opa1), and the latter is mediated by dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1), mitochondrial fission 1 (Fis1) and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF). Mitochondrial fusion and fission are generally in dynamic balance and this balance is important to preserve the proper mitochondrial morphology, function and distribution. Diabetic conditions lead to disturbances in mitochondrial dynamics, which in return causes a series of abnormalities in metabolism, including decreased bioenergy production, excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), defective mitophagy and apoptosis, which are ultimately closely linked to multiple chronic complications of diabetes. Multiple researches have shown that the incidence of diabetic complications is connected with increased mitochondrial fission, for example, there is an excessive mitochondrial fission and impaired mitochondrial fusion in diabetic cardiomyocytes, and that the development of cardiac dysfunction induced by diabetes can be attenuated by inhibiting mitochondrial fission. Therefore, targeting the restoration of mitochondrial dynamics would be a promising therapeutic target within type II diabetes (T2D) and its complications. The molecular approaches to mitochondrial dynamics, their impairment in the context of T2D and its complications, and pharmacological approaches targeting mitochondrial dynamics are discussed in this review and promise benefits for the therapy of T2D and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou No.3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Suxian Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou No.3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou No.3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Lin
- General Practitioner, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou No.3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yinai Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Renyi Peng
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huanzhi Jin
- General Practitioner, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou No.3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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26
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Rodrigues YE, Tigaret CM, Marie H, O'Donnell C, Veltz R. A stochastic model of hippocampal synaptic plasticity with geometrical readout of enzyme dynamics. eLife 2023; 12:e80152. [PMID: 37589251 PMCID: PMC10435238 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovering the rules of synaptic plasticity is an important step for understanding brain learning. Existing plasticity models are either (1) top-down and interpretable, but not flexible enough to account for experimental data, or (2) bottom-up and biologically realistic, but too intricate to interpret and hard to fit to data. To avoid the shortcomings of these approaches, we present a new plasticity rule based on a geometrical readout mechanism that flexibly maps synaptic enzyme dynamics to predict plasticity outcomes. We apply this readout to a multi-timescale model of hippocampal synaptic plasticity induction that includes electrical dynamics, calcium, CaMKII and calcineurin, and accurate representation of intrinsic noise sources. Using a single set of model parameters, we demonstrate the robustness of this plasticity rule by reproducing nine published ex vivo experiments covering various spike-timing and frequency-dependent plasticity induction protocols, animal ages, and experimental conditions. Our model also predicts that in vivo-like spike timing irregularity strongly shapes plasticity outcome. This geometrical readout modelling approach can be readily applied to other excitatory or inhibitory synapses to discover their synaptic plasticity rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Elias Rodrigues
- Université Côte d’AzurNiceFrance
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), CNRSValbonneFrance
- Inria Center of University Côte d’Azur (Inria)Sophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Cezar M Tigaret
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Innovation Institute, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences,School of Medicine, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Hélène Marie
- Université Côte d’AzurNiceFrance
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), CNRSValbonneFrance
| | - Cian O'Donnell
- School of Computing, Engineering, and Intelligent Systems, Magee Campus, Ulster UniversityLondonderryUnited Kingdom
- School of Computer Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, and Engineering Mathematics, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Romain Veltz
- Inria Center of University Côte d’Azur (Inria)Sophia AntipolisFrance
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27
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Franco-Obregón A, Tai YK, Wu KY, Iversen JN, Wong CJK. The Developmental Implications of Muscle-Targeted Magnetic Mitohormesis: A Human Health and Longevity Perspective. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:956. [PMID: 37627841 PMCID: PMC10451851 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle function reflects muscular mitochondrial status, which, in turn, is an adaptive response to physical activity, representing improvements in energy production for de novo biosynthesis or metabolic efficiency. Differences in muscle performance are manifestations of the expression of distinct contractile-protein isoforms and of mitochondrial-energy substrate utilization. Powerful contractures require immediate energy production from carbohydrates outside the mitochondria that exhaust rapidly. Sustained muscle contractions require aerobic energy production from fatty acids by the mitochondria that is slower and produces less force. These two patterns of muscle force generation are broadly classified as glycolytic or oxidative, respectively, and require disparate levels of increased contractile or mitochondrial protein production, respectively, to be effectively executed. Glycolytic muscle, hence, tends towards fibre hypertrophy, whereas oxidative fibres are more disposed towards increased mitochondrial content and efficiency, rather than hypertrophy. Although developmentally predetermined muscle classes exist, a degree of functional plasticity persists across all muscles post-birth that can be modulated by exercise and generally results in an increase in the oxidative character of muscle. Oxidative muscle is most strongly correlated with organismal metabolic balance and longevity because of the propensity of oxidative muscle for fatty-acid oxidation and associated anti-inflammatory ramifications which occur at the expense of glycolytic-muscle development and hypertrophy. This muscle-class size disparity is often at odds with common expectations that muscle mass should scale positively with improved health and longevity. Brief magnetic-field activation of the muscle mitochondrial pool has been shown to recapitulate key aspects of the oxidative-muscle phenotype with similar metabolic hallmarks. This review discusses the common genetic cascades invoked by endurance exercise and magnetic-field therapy and the potential physiological differences with regards to human health and longevity. Future human studies examining the physiological consequences of magnetic-field therapy are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (K.Y.W.); (J.N.I.); (C.J.K.W.)
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Yee Kit Tai
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (K.Y.W.); (J.N.I.); (C.J.K.W.)
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Kwan Yu Wu
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (K.Y.W.); (J.N.I.); (C.J.K.W.)
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Nikolas Iversen
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (K.Y.W.); (J.N.I.); (C.J.K.W.)
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Craig Jun Kit Wong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (K.Y.W.); (J.N.I.); (C.J.K.W.)
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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28
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Hadpech S, Chaiyarit S, Thongboonkerd V. Calcineurin B inhibits calcium oxalate crystallization, growth and aggregation via its high calcium-affinity property. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3854-3864. [PMID: 37593722 PMCID: PMC10427926 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are widely used in organ transplantation to suppress immunity and prevent allograft rejection. However, some transplant patients receiving CNIs have hypocitraturia, hyperoxaluria and kidney stone with unclear mechanism. We hypothesized that CNIs suppress activities of urinary calcineurin, which may serve as the stone inhibitor. This study aimed to investigate effects of calcineurin B (CNB) on calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) stone formation. Sequence and structural analyses revealed that CNB contained four EF-hand (Ca2+-binding) domains, which are known to regulate Ca2+ homeostasis and likely to affect COM crystals. Various crystal assays revealed that CNB dramatically inhibited COM crystallization, crystal growth and crystal aggregation. At an equal amount, degrees of its inhibition against crystallization and crystal growth were slightly inferior to total urinary proteins (TUPs) from healthy subjects that are known to strongly inhibit COM stone formation. Surprisingly, its inhibitory effect against crystal aggregation was slightly superior to TUPs. While TUPs dramatically inhibited crystal-cell adhesion, CNB had no effect on this process. Ca2+-affinity assay revealed that CNB strongly bound Ca2+ at a comparable degree as of TUPs. These findings indicate that CNB serves as a novel inhibitor of COM crystallization, growth and aggregation via its high Ca2+-affinity property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarat Hadpech
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakdithep Chaiyarit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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29
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O’Day DH. Alzheimer's Disease beyond Calcium Dysregulation: The Complex Interplay between Calmodulin, Calmodulin-Binding Proteins and Amyloid Beta from Disease Onset through Progression. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6246-6261. [PMID: 37623212 PMCID: PMC10453589 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A multifactorial syndrome, Alzheimer's disease is the main cause of dementia, but there is no existing therapy to prevent it or stop its progression. One of the earliest events of Alzheimer's disease is the disruption of calcium homeostasis but that is just a prelude to the disease's devastating impact. Calcium does not work alone but must interact with downstream cellular components of which the small regulatory protein calmodulin is central, if not primary. This review supports the idea that, due to calcium dyshomeostasis, calmodulin is a dominant regulatory protein that functions in all stages of Alzheimer's disease, and these regulatory events are impacted by amyloid beta. Amyloid beta not only binds to and regulates calmodulin but also multiple calmodulin-binding proteins involved in Alzheimer's. Together, they act on the regulation of calcium dyshomeostasis, neuroinflammation, amyloidogenesis, memory formation, neuronal plasticity and more. The complex interactions between calmodulin, its binding proteins and amyloid beta may explain why many therapies have failed or are doomed to failure unless they are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danton H. O’Day
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada;
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
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30
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Surówka A, Prowans P, Żołnierczuk M, Miśkiewicz M, Wawrowski T, Skodda M, Markowska M, Kędzierska-Kapuza K. The Effect of Calcineurin Inhibitors on MMPs Activity in Heart and Their Side Effects-A Review of Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10291. [PMID: 37373446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of myocardial injury in various disease entities. It reveals how the expression and serum levels of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors change in many disease states. At the same time, the study offers a review of the impact of immunosuppressive treatment on this relationship. Modern immunosuppressive treatment is based mainly on the use of calcineurin inhibitors, including cyclosporine A and tacrolimus. The use of these drugs may carry a number of side effects, specifically to the cardiovascular system. The scale and degree of long-term influence on the organism remains unclear, but a significant risk of complications for transplant recipients who take immunosuppressive drugs as part of their daily treatment is to be expected. Therefore, the knowledge on this subject should be expanded and the negative effects of post-transplant therapy minimized. Immunosuppressive therapy plays an important role in the expression and activation of tissue metalloproteinases and their specific inhibitors, which leads to many tissue changes. The presented study is a collection of research results on the effects of calcineurin inhibitors on the heart, with particular emphasis placed on the participation of MMP-2 and MMP-9. It is also an analysis of the effects of specific heart diseases on myocardial remodeling through inductive or inhibitory effects on matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Surówka
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Prowans
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Żołnierczuk
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Miśkiewicz
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wawrowski
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marika Skodda
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Markowska
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 109 Military Hospital, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Kędzierska-Kapuza
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplantology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior Affairs and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplantology, Centre of Postgraduate, Medical Education in Warsaw, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
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31
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Remines M, Schoonover M, Knox Z, Kenwright K, Hoffert KM, Coric A, Mead J, Ampfer J, Seye S, Strome ED. Profiling The Compendium Of Changes In Saccharomyces cerevisiae Due To Mutations That Alter Availability Of The Main Methyl Donor S-Adenosylmethionine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.09.544294. [PMID: 37333147 PMCID: PMC10274911 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.09.544294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The SAM1 and SAM2 genes encode for S-AdenosylMethionine (AdoMet) synthetase enzymes, with AdoMet serving as the main methyl donor. We have previously shown that independent deletion of these genes alters chromosome stability and AdoMet concentrations in opposite ways in S. cerevisiae. To characterize other changes occurring in these mutants, we grew wildtype, sam1∆/sam1∆, and sam2∆/sam2∆ strains in 15 different Phenotypic Microarray plates with different components, equal to 1440 wells, and measured for growth variations. RNA-Sequencing was also carried out on these strains and differential gene expression determined for each mutant. In this study, we explore how the phenotypic growth differences are linked to the altered gene expression, and thereby predict the mechanisms by which loss of the SAM genes and subsequent AdoMet level changes, impact S. cerevisiae pathways and processes. We present six stories, discussing changes in sensitivity or resistance to azoles, cisplatin, oxidative stress, arginine biosynthesis perturbations, DNA synthesis inhibitors, and tamoxifen, to demonstrate the power of this novel methodology to broadly profile changes due to gene mutations. The large number of conditions that result in altered growth, as well as the large number of differentially expressed genes with wide-ranging functionality, speaks to the broad array of impacts that altering methyl donor abundance can impart, even when the conditions tested were not specifically selected as targeting known methyl involving pathways. Our findings demonstrate that some cellular changes are directly related to AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases and AdoMet availability, some are directly linked to the methyl cycle and its role is production of several important cellular components, and others reveal impacts of SAM gene mutations on previously unconnected pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKayla Remines
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099
| | - Makailyn Schoonover
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099
| | - Zoey Knox
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099
| | - Kailee Kenwright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099
| | - Kellyn M. Hoffert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099
| | - Amila Coric
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099
| | - James Mead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099
| | - Joseph Ampfer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099
| | - Serigne Seye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099
| | - Erin D. Strome
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099
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32
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Moon DO. Calcium's Role in Orchestrating Cancer Apoptosis: Mitochondrial-Centric Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108982. [PMID: 37240331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is an essential intracellular messenger that plays a vital role in controlling a broad range of cellular processes, including apoptosis. This review offers an in-depth analysis of calcium's multifaceted role in apoptosis regulation, focusing on the associated signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. We will explore calcium's impact on apoptosis through its effects on different cellular compartments, such as the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and discuss the connection between calcium homeostasis and ER stress. Additionally, we will highlight the interplay between calcium and various proteins, including calpains, calmodulin, and Bcl-2 family members, and the role of calcium in regulating caspase activation and pro-apoptotic factor release. By investigating the complex relationship between calcium and apoptosis, this review aims to deepen our comprehension of the fundamental processes, and pinpointing possible treatment options for illnesses associated with imbalanced cell death is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, 201, Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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33
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Yu J, Wei X, Gao J, Wang C, Wei W. Role of cyclosporin A in the treatment of kidney disease and nephrotoxicity. Toxicology 2023; 492:153544. [PMID: 37164250 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The clinical use of cyclosporin A (CsA) has led to significant advances and achievements in the field of transplantation and immune diseases. However, the nephrotoxicity of CsA is a major concern in current immunosuppression regimens. CsA causes abnormal kidney function while treating kidney disease, causing problems for clinicians and patients. Evidence of CsA nephrotoxicity is almost always present in transplant recipients after long-term CsA administration (up to 10 years), and similar phenomena occur with other calcineurin inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and influencing factors of CsA for the treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome. The mechanisms of CsA nephrotoxicity, clinical-pathological features, diagnosis, prevention strategies, and risk factors are summarized. We discuss the correlates and mechanisms of the switch between kidney disease prevention and nephrotoxicity of CsA to better understand the function of CsA in the kidney and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of CsA nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Mdicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China; Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China; Blood Purification Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Jinzhang Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Mdicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China; Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Mdicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China; Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Mdicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China; Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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34
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Lim D, Tapella L, Dematteis G, Talmon M, Genazzani AA. Calcineurin Signalling in Astrocytes: From Pathology to Physiology and Control of Neuronal Functions. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1077-1090. [PMID: 36083398 PMCID: PMC10030417 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03744-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin (CaN), a Ca2+/calmodulin-activated serine/threonine phosphatase, acts as a Ca2+-sensitive switch regulating cellular functions through protein dephosphorylation and activation of gene transcription. In astrocytes, the principal homeostatic cells in the CNS, over-activation of CaN is known to drive pathological transcriptional remodelling, associated with neuroinflammation in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and brain trauma. Recent reports suggest that, in physiological conditions, the activity of CaN in astrocytes is transcription-independent and is required for maintenance of basal protein synthesis rate and activation of astrocytic Na+/K+ pump thereby contributing to neuronal functions such as neuronal excitability and memory formation. In this contribution we overview the role of Ca2+ and CaN signalling in astroglial pathophysiology focusing on the emerging physiological role of CaN in astrocytes. We propose a model for the context-dependent switch of CaN activity from the post-transcriptional regulation of cell proteostasis in healthy astrocytes to the CaN-dependent transcriptional activation in neuroinflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Talmon
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy.
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Kim SK, Choe JY, Kim JW, Park KY. Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitor CKD-WID Suppressed Monosodium Urate-Induced Osteoclast Formation by Blocking Calcineurin-NFAT Pathway in RAW 264.7 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030446. [PMID: 36986544 PMCID: PMC10051978 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) has been found to play a crucial role in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and formation. This study was designed to identify the effect of the HDAC6 inhibitor CKD-WID on the receptor for the activation of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast formation in the presence of monosodium urate (MSU) in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. The expression of osteoclast-specific target genes, calcineurin, and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) was evaluated in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages treated with MSU, RANKL, or CKD-WID by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay. The effect of CKD-WID on osteoclast formation was measured by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, F-actin ring formation staining, and assays for bone resorption activity. RANKL in the presence of MSU significantly induced HDAC6 gene and protein expression in RAW 264.7 cells. CKD-WID markedly suppressed the expression of osteoclast-related markers such as c-Fos, TRAP, cathepsin K, and carbonic anhydrase II induced by co-stimulation with RANKL and MSU in RAW 264.7 cells. Transcription factor NFATc1 mRNA expression and nuclear NFATc1 protein expression induced by co-stimulation with RANKL and MSU were significantly inhibited by CKD-WID treatment. CKD-WID also decreased the number of TRAP-positive multinuclear cells and F-actin ring-positive cells and attenuated bone resorption activity. Co-stimulation with RANKL and MSU increased calcineurin gene and protein expression, which was significantly blocked by CKD-WID treatment. The HDAC6 inhibitor CKD-WID suppressed MSU-induced osteoclast formation through blocking the calcineurin-NFAT pathway in RAW 264.7 cells. This suggests that HDAC6 is considered a therapeutic target in uric acid-mediated osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Kyu Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
- Arthritis and Autoimmunity Research Center, Catholic University of Daegu, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-650-3465; Fax: +82-53-629-8248
| | - Jung-Yoon Choe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
- Arthritis and Autoimmunity Research Center, Catholic University of Daegu, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
- Arthritis and Autoimmunity Research Center, Catholic University of Daegu, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Yeun Park
- Arthritis and Autoimmunity Research Center, Catholic University of Daegu, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
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36
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METTL3 Promotes Endothelium-Mesenchymal Transition of Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells by Regulating TRPC6/Calcineurin/NFAT Signaling Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:8269356. [PMID: 36865750 PMCID: PMC9974285 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8269356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Endothelium-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a process of phenotypic and functional transition from activated endothelial cells to mesenchymal cells. Recently, EndMT has been proved to be one of the main pathological mechanisms of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). However, the molecular mechanism is not clear. Methods Primary rat pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (rPAECs) were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats and verified by CD31 immunofluorescence staining. rPAECs were exposed to hypoxic conditions to induce EndMT. RNA and protein levels in cells were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The migration ability was verified by the transwell assay. The RIP experiment was used to test the m6A modification of TRPC6 mRNA and the binding relationship between TRPC6 and METTL3. Calcineurin/NFAT signaling was measured by using commercial kits. Results METTL3 was found to be highly expressed by hypoxia treatment in a time-dependent manner. Knockdown of METTL3 significantly suppressed cell migration, downregulated the levels of interstitial cell-related markers like α-SMA and vimentin, and increased the levels of endothelial cell markers including CD31 and VE-cadherin. Mechanistically, METTL3 increased TRPC6 expression by enhancing the m6A modification of TRPC6 mRNA, thus activating calcineurin/NFAT signaling. Our experiments showed that METTL3 silencing mediated the inhibitory roles in the hypoxia-mediated EndMT process, which were significantly reversed by TRPC6/calcineurin/NFAT signaling activation. Conclusion Our results elucidated that METTL3 knockdown inhibited the hypoxia-mediated EndMT process by inactivating TRPC6/calcineurin/NFAT signaling.
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Afsari F, McIntyre TM. D-2-Hydroxyglutarate Inhibits Calcineurin Phosphatase Activity to Abolish NF-AT Activation and IL-2 Induction in Stimulated Lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:504-514. [PMID: 36602551 PMCID: PMC11071645 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas expressing mutant isocitrate dehydrogenases excessively synthesize d-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG), suppressing immune surveillance. A portion of this D2HG is released from these tumor cells, but the way environmental D2HG inhibits lymphocyte function is undefined. We incubated human PBLs or Jurkat T cells with D2HG at concentrations present within and surrounding gliomas or its obverse l-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG) stereoisomer. We quantified each 2HG stereoisomer within washed cells by N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-l-phenylalanyl chloride derivatization with stable isotope-labeled D2HG and L2HG internal standards, HPLC separation, and mass spectrometry. D2HG was present in quiescent cells and was twice as abundant as L2HG. Extracellular 2HG rapidly increased intracellular levels of the provided stereoisomer by a stereoselective, concentration-dependent process. IL-2 expression, even when elicited by A23187 and PMA, was abolished by D2HG in a concentration-dependent manner, with significant reduction at just twice its basal level. In contrast, L2HG was only moderately inhibitory. IL-2 expression is regulated by increased intracellular Ca2+ that stimulates calcineurin to dephosphorylate cytoplasmic phospho-NF-AT, enabling its nuclear translocation. D2HG abolished stimulated expression of a stably integrated NF-AT-driven luciferase reporter that precisely paralleled its concentration-dependent inhibition of IL-2. D2HG did not affect intracellular Ca2+. Rather, surface plasmon resonance showed D2HG, but not L2HG, bound calcineurin, and D2HG, but not L2HG, inhibited Ca2+-dependent calcineurin phosphatase activity in stimulated Jurkat extracts. Thus, D2HG is a stereoselective calcineurin phosphatase inhibitor that prevents NF-AT dephosphorylation and so abolishes IL-2 transcription in stimulated lymphocytes. This occurs at D2HG concentrations found within and adjacent to gliomas independent of its metabolic or epigenetic transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Afsari
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas M. McIntyre
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Kurakado S, Matsumoto Y, Yamada T, Shimizu K, Wakasa S, Sugita T. Tacrolimus inhibits stress responses and hyphal formation via the calcineurin signaling pathway in Trichosporon asahii. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:49-57. [PMID: 36398783 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic fungus Trichosporon asahii causes fatal deep-seated mycosis in immunocompromised patients. Calcineurin, which is widely conserved in eukaryotes, regulates cell growth and various stress responses in fungi. Tacrolimus (FK506), a calcineurin inhibitor, induces sensitivity to compounds that cause stress on the cell membrane and cell wall integrity. In this study, we demonstrated that FK506 affects stress responses and hyphal formation in T. asahii. In silico structural analysis revealed that amino acid residues in the binding site of the calcineurin-FKBP12 complex that interact with FK506 are conserved in T. asahii. The growth of T. asahii was delayed by FK506 in the presence of SDS or Congo red but not in the presence of calcium chloride. FK506 also inhibited hyphal formation in T. asahii. A mutant deficient of the cnb gene, which encodes the regulatory subunit B of calcineurin, exhibited stress sensitivities on exposure to SDS and Congo red and reduced the hyphal forming ability of T. asahii. In the cnb-deficient mutant, FK506 did not increase the stress sensitivity or reduce hyphal forming ability. These results suggest that FK506 affects stress responses and hyphal formation in T. asahii via the calcineurin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Kurakado
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamada
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Tokyo, Japan.,Asia International Institute of Infectious Disease Control, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiminori Shimizu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shogo Wakasa
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugita
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Borges VDF, Galant LS, Kanashiro A, Castanheira FVES, Monteiro VVS, Duarte DÂ, Rodrigues FC, Silva CMDS, Schneider AH, Cebinelli GCM, de Lima MHF, Viola JPDB, Cunha TM, da Costa Neto CM, Alves-Filho JCF, Pupo AS, Cunha FDQ. FK506 impairs neutrophil migration that results in increased polymicrobial sepsis susceptibility. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:203-215. [PMID: 36401631 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of FK506 on experimental sepsis immunopathology. It investigated the effect of FK506 on leukocyte recruitment to the site of infection, systemic cytokine production, and organ injury in mice with sepsis. METHODS Using a murine cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) peritonitis model, the experiments were performed with wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in the gene Nfat1 (Nfat1-/-) in the C57BL/6 background. Animals were treated with 2.0 mg/kg of FK506, subcutaneously, 1 h before the sepsis model, twice a day (12 h/12 h). The number of bacteria colony forming units (CFU) was manually counted. The number of neutrophils in the lungs was estimated by the myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay. The expression of CXCR2 in neutrophils was determined using flow cytometry analysis. The expression of inflammatory cytokines in macrophage was determined using ELISA. The direct effect of FK506 on CXCR2 internalization was evaluated using HEK-293T cells after CXCL2 stimulation by the BRET method. RESULTS FK506 treatment potentiated the failure of neutrophil migration into the peritoneal cavity, resulting in bacteremia and an exacerbated systemic inflammatory response, which led to higher organ damage and mortality rates. Failed neutrophil migration was associated with elevated CXCL2 chemokine plasma levels and lower expression of the CXCR2 receptor on circulating neutrophils compared with non-treated CLP-induced septic mice. FK506 did not directly affect CXCL2-induced CXCR2 internalization by transfected HEK-293 cells or mice neutrophils, despite increasing CXCL2 release by LPS-treated macrophages. Finally, the CLP-induced response of Nfat1-/- mice was similar to those observed in the Nfat1+/+ genotype, suggesting that the FK506 effect is not dependent on the NFAT1 pathway. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the increased susceptibility to infection of FK506-treated mice is associated with failed neutrophil migration due to the reduced membrane availability of CXCR2 receptors in response to exacerbated levels of circulating CXCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa de Fátima Borges
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Leticia Selinger Galant
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Vargas E Silva Castanheira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Valter Vinícius Silva Monteiro
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Diego Ângelo Duarte
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Filipe Camargo Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Meirelles de Souza Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ayda Henriques Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Cesar Martelossi Cebinelli
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mikhael Haruo Fernandes de Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Claudio Miguel da Costa Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Farias Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - André Sampaio Pupo
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. .,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Voltage-Gated T-Type Calcium Channel Modulation by Kinases and Phosphatases: The Old Ones, the New Ones, and the Missing Ones. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030461. [PMID: 36766802 PMCID: PMC9913649 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) can regulate a wide variety of cellular fates, such as proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. More importantly, changes in the intracellular Ca2+ level can modulate signaling pathways that control a broad range of physiological as well as pathological cellular events, including those important to cellular excitability, cell cycle, gene-transcription, contraction, cancer progression, etc. Not only intracellular Ca2+ level but the distribution of Ca2+ in the intracellular compartments is also a highly regulated process. For this Ca2+ homeostasis, numerous Ca2+ chelating, storage, and transport mechanisms are required. There are also specialized proteins that are responsible for buffering and transport of Ca2+. T-type Ca2+ channels (TTCCs) are one of those specialized proteins which play a key role in the signal transduction of many excitable and non-excitable cell types. TTCCs are low-voltage activated channels that belong to the family of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Over decades, multiple kinases and phosphatases have been shown to modulate the activity of TTCCs, thus playing an indirect role in maintaining cellular physiology. In this review, we provide information on the kinase and phosphatase modulation of TTCC isoforms Cav3.1, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3, which are mostly described for roles unrelated to cellular excitability. We also describe possible potential modulations that are yet to be explored. For example, both mitogen-activated protein kinase and citron kinase show affinity for different TTCC isoforms; however, the effect of such interaction on TTCC current/kinetics has not been studied yet.
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Fu H, Yu X, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Chen S, Chen Q, Guo Y. SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 1 is inhibited by clade D Protein phosphatase 2C D6 and D7 in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:279-297. [PMID: 36149299 PMCID: PMC9806586 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway is essential for maintaining sodium ion homeostasis in plants. This conserved pathway is activated by a calcium signaling-dependent phosphorylation cascade. However, the identity of the phosphatases and their regulatory mechanisms that would deactivate the SOS pathway remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that PP2C.D6 and PP2C.D7, which belong to clade D of the protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) subfamily in Arabidopsis thaliana, directly interact with SOS1 and inhibit its Na+/H+ antiporter activity under non-salt-stress conditions. Upon salt stress, SOS3-LIKE CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEIN8 (SCaBP8), a member of the SOS pathway, interacts with the PP2Cs and suppresses their phosphatase activity; simultaneously, SCaBP8 regulates the subcellular localization of PP2C.D6 by releasing it from the plasma membrane. Thus, we identified two negative regulators of the SOS pathway that repress SOS1 activity under nonstress conditions. These processes set the stage for the activation of SOS1 by the kinase SOS2 to achieve plant salt tolerance. Our results suggest that reversible phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is crucial for the regulation of the SOS pathway, and that calcium sensors play dual roles in activating/deactivating SOS2 and PP2C phosphatases under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - She Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Gebrie A. Transcription factor EB as a key molecular factor in human health and its implication in diseases. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231157209. [PMID: 36891126 PMCID: PMC9986912 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231157209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB, as a component of the microphthalmia family of transcription factors, has been demonstrated to be a key controller of autophagy-lysosomal biogenesis. Transcription factor EB is activated by stressors such as nutrition and deprivation of growth factors, hypoxia, lysosomal stress, and mitochondrial injury. To achieve the ultimate functional state, it is controlled in a variety of modes, such as in its rate of transcription, post-transcriptional control, and post-translational alterations. Due to its versatile role in numerous signaling pathways, including the Wnt, calcium, AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathways, transcription factor EB-originally identified to be an oncogene-is now well acknowledged as a regulator of a wide range of physiological systems, including autophagy-lysosomal biogenesis, response to stress, metabolism, and energy homeostasis. The well-known and recently identified roles of transcription factor EB suggest that this protein might play a central role in signaling networks in a number of non-communicable illnesses, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, drug resistance mechanisms, immunological disease, and tissue growth. The important developments in transcription factor EB research since its first description are described in this review. This review helps to advance transcription factor EB from fundamental research into therapeutic and regenerative applications by shedding light on how important a role it plays in human health and disease at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Gebrie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Tonelli F, Leoni L, Daponte V, Gioia R, Cotti S, Fiedler IAK, Larianova D, Willaert A, Coucke PJ, Villani S, Busse B, Besio R, Rossi A, Witten PE, Forlino A. Zebrafish Tric-b is required for skeletal development and bone cells differentiation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1002914. [PMID: 36755921 PMCID: PMC9899828 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1002914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trimeric intracellular potassium channels TRIC-A and -B are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) integral membrane proteins, involved in the regulation of calcium release mediated by ryanodine (RyRs) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3Rs) receptors, respectively. While TRIC-A is mainly expressed in excitable cells, TRIC-B is ubiquitously distributed at moderate level. TRIC-B deficiency causes a dysregulation of calcium flux from the ER, which impacts on multiple collagen specific chaperones and modifying enzymatic activity, leading to a rare form of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI Type XIV). The relevance of TRIC-B on cell homeostasis and the molecular mechanism behind the disease are still unknown. RESULTS In this study, we exploited zebrafish to elucidate the role of TRIC-B in skeletal tissue. We demonstrated, for the first time, that tmem38a and tmem38b genes encoding Tric-a and -b, respectively are expressed at early developmental stages in zebrafish, but only the latter has a maternal expression. Two zebrafish mutants for tmem38b were generated by CRISPR/Cas9, one carrying an out of frame mutation introducing a premature stop codon (tmem38b-/- ) and one with an in frame deletion that removes the highly conserved KEV domain (tmem38bΔ120-7/Δ120-7 ). In both models collagen type I is under-modified and partially intracellularly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, as described in individuals affected by OI type XIV. Tmem38b-/- showed a mild skeletal phenotype at the late larval and juvenile stages of development whereas tmem38bΔ120-7/Δ120-7 bone outcome was limited to a reduced vertebral length at 21 dpf. A caudal fin regeneration study pointed towards impaired activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts associated with mineralization impairment. DISCUSSION Our data support the requirement of Tric-b during early development and for bone cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Leoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Daponte
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Gioia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Cotti
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Imke A. K. Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Andy Willaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul J. Coucke
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simona Villani
- Department of Public Health and Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Besio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonella Forlino,
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Knaryan VH, Sarukhanyan FP. [Ca2+-regulated enzymes calpain and calcineurin in neurodegenerative processes and prospects for neuroprotective pharmacotherapy]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:32-40. [PMID: 37490663 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312307132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) and Ca2+-regulated enzymes calpain and calcineurin are the key molecules of signaling mechanisms in neurons and ensure the normal course of intracellular neurochemical and neurophysiological processes. The imbalance and increase in the intracellular level of Ca2+ correlates with the activation of calpain and calcineurin. Inactivation of endogenous inhibitors and/or absence of exogenous pharmacological inhibitors of these enzymes may induce a cascade of intracellular mechanisms that are detrimental to the structural integrity and functional activity of neurons. The interrelated processes of Ca2+ imbalance, dysregulation of calpain and calcineurin are directly related to the development of intracellular pathophysiological reactions leading to the degeneration and death of selective neuronal populations in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The review briefly presents the characteristics of calpain and calcineurin, their interrelated role in the neurodegeneration processes. Data on the efficiency of the exogenous inhibitors (in vivo, in vitro) point out the potential role of pharmacological regulation of calpain and calcineurin for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Knaryan
- Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - F P Sarukhanyan
- Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
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Calcineurin Inhibitor CN585 Exhibits Off-Target Effects in the Human Fungal Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121281. [PMID: 36547614 PMCID: PMC9788591 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin (CN) is an attractive antifungal target as it is critical for growth, stress response, drug resistance, and virulence in fungal pathogens. The immunosuppressive drugs, tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporin A (CsA), are fungistatic and specifically inhibit CN through binding to their respective immunophilins, FK506-binding protein (FKBP12), and cyclophilin (CypA). We are focused on CN structure-based approaches for the development of non-immunosuppressive FK506 analogs as antifungal therapeutics. Here, we examined the effect of the novel CN inhibitor, CN585, on the growth of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, the most common cause of invasive aspergillosis. Unexpectedly, in contrast to FK506, CN585 exhibited off-target effect on A. fumigatus wild-type and the azole- and echinocandin-resistant strains. Unlike with FK506 and CsA, the A. fumigatus CN, FKBP12, CypA mutants (ΔcnaA, Δfkbp12, ΔcypA) and various FK506-resistant mutants were all sensitive to CN585. Furthermore, in contrast to FK506 the cytosolic to nuclear translocation of the CN-dependent transcription factor (CrzA-GFP) was not inhibited by CN585. Molecular docking of CN585 onto human and A. fumigatus CN complexes revealed differential potential binding sites between human CN versus A. fumigatus CN. Our results indicate CN585 may be a non-specific inhibitor of CN with a yet undefined antifungal mechanism of activity.
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Jurcău MC, Andronie-Cioara FL, Jurcău A, Marcu F, Ţiț DM, Pașcalău N, Nistor-Cseppentö DC. The Link between Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Implications and Future Perspectives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2167. [PMID: 36358538 PMCID: PMC9686795 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, has increasing incidence, increasing mortality rates, and poses a huge burden on healthcare. None of the currently approved drugs for the treatment of AD influence disease progression. Many clinical trials aiming at inhibiting amyloid plaque formation, increasing amyloid beta clearance, or inhibiting neurofibrillary tangle pathology yielded inconclusive results or failed. Meanwhile, research has identified many interlinked vicious cascades implicating oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and chronic neuroinflammation, and has pointed to novel therapeutic targets such as improving mitochondrial bioenergetics and quality control, diminishing oxidative stress, or modulating the neuroinflammatory pathways. Many novel molecules tested in vitro or in animal models have proven efficient, but their translation into clinic needs further research regarding appropriate doses, delivery routes, and possible side effects. Cell-based therapies and extracellular vesicle-mediated delivery of messenger RNAs and microRNAs seem also promising strategies allowing to target specific signaling pathways, but need further research regarding the most appropriate harvesting and culture methods as well as control of the possible tumorigenic side effects. The rapidly developing area of nanotechnology could improve drug delivery and also be used in early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Anamaria Jurcău
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Florin Marcu
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Ţiț
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Pașcalău
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Delia Carmen Nistor-Cseppentö
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Ancuceanu R, Hovaneț MV, Cojocaru-Toma M, Anghel AI, Dinu M. Potential Antifungal Targets for Aspergillus sp. from the Calcineurin and Heat Shock Protein Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012543. [PMID: 36293395 PMCID: PMC9603945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus species, especially A. fumigatus, and to a lesser extent others (A. flavus, A. niger, A. terreus), although rarely pathogenic to healthy humans, can be very aggressive to immunocompromised patients (they are opportunistic pathogens). Although survival rates for such infections have improved in recent decades following the introduction of azole derivatives, they remain a clinical challenge. The fact that current antifungals act as fungistatic rather than fungicide, that they have limited safety, and that resistance is becoming increasingly common make the need for new, more effective, and safer therapies to become more acute. Over the last decades, knowledge about the molecular biology of A. fumigatus and other Aspergillus species, and particularly of calcineurin, Hsp90, and their signaling pathway proteins, has progressed remarkably. Although calcineurin has attracted much interest, its adverse effects, particularly its immunosuppressive effects, make it less attractive than it might at first appear. The situation is not very different for Hsp90. Other proteins from their signaling pathways, such as protein kinases phosphorylating the four SPRR serine residues, CrzA, rcnA, pmcA-pmcC (particularly pmcC), rfeF, BAR adapter protein(s), the phkB histidine kinase, sskB MAP kinase kinase, zfpA, htfA, ctfA, SwoH (nucleoside diphosphate kinase), CchA, MidA, FKBP12, the K27 lysine position from Hsp90, PkcA, MpkA, RlmA, brlA, abaA, wetA, other heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp40, Hsp12) currently appear promising and deserve further investigation as potential targets for antifungal drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ancuceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (M.V.H.)
| | - Marilena Viorica Hovaneț
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (M.V.H.)
| | - Maria Cojocaru-Toma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2025 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Adriana-Iuliana Anghel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Dinu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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Halari CD, Nandi P, Sidhu J, Sbirnac M, Zheng M, Lala PK. Decorin–induced, preeclampsia-associated microRNA-512-3p restrains extravillous trophoblast functions by targeting USF2/PPP3R1 axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1014672. [PMID: 36299488 PMCID: PMC9588925 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1014672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Decorin (DCN) is a leucine-rich proteoglycan produced by chorionic villus mesenchymal cells anddecidual cells during human pregnancy. Studies from our laboratory demonstrated that decidua-derived DCN restrains multiple trophoblast functions including proliferation, migration, invasion andendovascular differentiation, mediated by DCN-binding to multiple tyrosine kinase receptors; expressed by the trophoblast. Furthermore, DCN was shown to be selectively over-produced by thedecidua in preeclampsia (PE) subjects and elevated in the second trimester maternal plasma in PE, before the appearance of clinical signs, presenting as a predictive biomarker for PE. Micro (mi)RNAs are single-stranded non-coding RNAs (17–25 nucleotides) that typically downregulate target genes by repressing translation or facilitating degradation of mRNAs. The human; placenta expresses many miRNAs, some of which are exclusively expressed by the trophoblast. Many; of these miRNAs are dysregulated in PE-associated placentas and some appear in the maternal blood as PE biomarkers. However, little is known about their contribution to the pathogenesis of PE, a multi-factorial disease associated with a hypo-invasive placenta. The objective of the present study was to examine whether exposure of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) to DCN affects expression of specific miRNAs, and to test the role of these miRNAs in altering EVT functions. We identified miR-512-3p, as one of the DCN-induced miRNAs, also upregulated in PE placentas. It was shown to be elevated in ectopic DCN-over-expressing or exogenous DCN-treated first trimester human trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo. Use of miRNA-mimics and inhibitors revealed that miR-512-3p compromised trophoblast migration, invasion and VEGF-dependent endovascular differentiation. Finally, Protein Phosphatase 3 Regulatory Subunit B, Alpha (PPP3R1), a known target of miR-512-3p, was paradoxically elevated in miR-512-3p-overexpressing trophoblast and PE-associated placentas. Using Enrichr, a tool that consists of both a validated user-submitted gene list and a search engine for transcription factors, we found that PPP3R1 elevation resulted from the miRNA binding to and targeting Upstream Transcription Factor 2 (USF2) which targeted PPP3R1. These findings reveal a novel aspect of pathogenesis of PE and biomarker potentials of this miRNA in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidambra D. Halari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Pinki Nandi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jasmin Sidhu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Sbirnac
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Zheng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Peeyush K. Lala
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Peeyush K. Lala,
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Kokot T, Köhn M. Emerging insights into serine/threonine-specific phosphoprotein phosphatase function and selectivity. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:277104. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Protein phosphorylation on serine and threonine residues is a widely distributed post-translational modification on proteins that acts to regulate their function. Phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs) contribute significantly to a plethora of cellular functions through the accurate dephosphorylation of phosphorylated residues. Most PPPs accomplish their purpose through the formation of complex holoenzymes composed of a catalytic subunit with various regulatory subunits. PPP holoenzymes then bind and dephosphorylate substrates in a highly specific manner. Despite the high prevalence of PPPs and their important role for cellular function, their mechanisms of action in the cell are still not well understood. Nevertheless, substantial experimental advancements in (phospho-)proteomics, structural and computational biology have contributed significantly to a better understanding of PPP biology in recent years. This Review focuses on recent approaches and provides an overview of substantial new insights into the complex mechanism of PPP holoenzyme regulation and substrate selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kokot
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg 1 , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
- University of Freiburg, 2 Faculty of Biology , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
| | - Maja Köhn
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg 1 , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
- University of Freiburg, 2 Faculty of Biology , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
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50
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Calmodulin in Paramecium: Focus on Genomic Data. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101915. [PMID: 36296191 PMCID: PMC9608856 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal second messenger that plays a key role in cellular signaling. However, Ca2+ signals are transduced with the help of Ca2+-binding proteins, which serve as sensors, transducers, and elicitors. Among the collection of these Ca2+-binding proteins, calmodulin (CaM) emerged as the prototypical model in eukaryotic cells. This is a small protein that binds four Ca2+ ions and whose functions are multiple, controlling many essential aspects of cell physiology. CaM is universally distributed in eukaryotes, from multicellular organisms, such as human and land plants, to unicellular microorganisms, such as yeasts and ciliates. Here, we review most of the information gathered on CaM in Paramecium, a group of ciliates. We condense the information here by mentioning that mature Paramecium CaM is a 148 amino acid-long protein codified by a single gene, as in other eukaryotic microorganisms. In these ciliates, the protein is notoriously localized and regulates cilia function and can stimulate the activity of some enzymes. When Paramecium CaM is mutated, cells show flawed locomotion and/or exocytosis. We further widen this and additional information in the text, focusing on genomic data.
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