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Shrivastav D, Kumbhakar SK, Srivastava S, Singh DD. Natural product-based treatment potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1603-1614. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i7.1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease of impaired glucose utilization and a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The pathogenesis of both diseases shares common risk factors and mechanisms, and both are significant contributors to global morbidity and mortality. Supplements of natural products for T2D mellitus (T2DM) and CVD can be seen as a potential preventive and effective therapeutic strategy.
AIM To critically evaluate the therapeutic potential of natural products in T2D and coronary artery disease (CAD).
METHODS By using specific keywords, we strategically searched the PubMed database. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched as the primary focus that examined the effect of natural products on glycemic control, oxidative stress, and antioxidant levels. We focused on outcomes such as low blood glucose levels, adjustment on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidants. After screening full-length papers, we included 9 RCTs in our review that met our inclusion criteria.
RESULTS In the literature search on the database, we found that various natural products like plant secondary metabolites play a diverse role in the management of CAD. American ginseng, sesame oil and cocoa flavanols proved effective in lowering blood glucose levels and controlling blood pressure, which are key factors in managing T2DM and CVD. In diabetic patients Melissa officinalis effectively reduce inflammation and shows diabetes prevention. Both fish oil and flaxseed oil reduced insulin levels and inflammatory markers, suggesting benefits for both conditions. The lipid profile and endothelial function were enhanced by Nigella sativa oil and Terminalia chebula, which is significant for the management of cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM. Additionally Bilberry extract also showed promise for improving glycemic control in patients with T2DM.
CONCLUSION The high level of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic properties found in natural products makes them promising therapeutic options for the management of CAD, with the potential benefit of lowering the risk of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmsheel Shrivastav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Satyam Kumar Kumbhakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Govt Veer Surendra Say P.G. College, Gariaband 493889, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shivangi Srivastava
- Department of Life Science, Chhatrapati Shahu ji Maharaj University, Kanpur 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Desh Deepak Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
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Uzelac T, Takić M, Stevanović V, Vidović N, Pantović A, Jovanović P, Jovanović V. The Potential Benefits of Acute Aronia Juice Supplementation on Physical Activity Induced Alterations of the Serum Protein Profiles in Recreational Runners: A Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1276. [PMID: 38998811 PMCID: PMC11240927 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12131276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intensive physical activity (PA) can lead to proteinuria and, consequently, serum protein profiles in athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute aronia juice consumption before a simulated half-marathon race on serum protein profiles in recreational runners. The pilot study was designed as a single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, with 10 male participants who consumed aronia juice (containing 1.3 g polyphenols) or placebo before the race. The blood levels of total proteins, albumin, the non-albumin fractions gamma, beta, alpha2 and alpha1, as well as renal function parameters, were determined before and 15 min, 1 h and 24 h after the race. The significant changes in urea, creatinine and uric acid levels were noticed at selected time points in both groups. In the placebo group, a significant decrease in total proteins (p < 0.05) was observed 24 h after the race, along with an increase in gamma fraction abundance (p < 0.05). In addition, urea and uric acid levels returned to baseline only in the aronia group 24 h after the race. Thus, according to the results obtained, acute aronia juice supplementation before intensive PA could influence the transient change in renal function and PA-induced protein loss in recreational runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Uzelac
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Takić
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuškog 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vuk Stevanović
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuškog 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Vidović
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuškog 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Pantović
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuškog 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Jovanović
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuškog 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Jovanović
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Pawłowska M, Mila-Kierzenkowska C. Effect of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin and Irisin on Post-Exercise Inflammatory Response: A Narrative Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:205-218. [PMID: 38680225 PMCID: PMC11053258 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.97480.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity has a positive effect on human health and emotional well-being. However, in both amateur and professional athletes, training poses a risk of acute or chronic injury through repetitive overloading of bones, joints, and muscles. Inflammation can be an adverse effect of intense exercise caused by several factors including oxidative stress. The present narrative review summarizes current knowledge on inflammatory markers induced by physical exercise. Post-exercise recovery may reduce inflammatory responses and is key to effective training and adaptation of muscle tissues to sustained physical exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pawłowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
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Ozulumba T, Zatorski JM, Arneja A, Hammel JH, Braciale TJ, Luckey CJ, Munson JM, Pompano RR. Mitigating reactive oxygen species production and increasing gel porosity improves lymphocyte motility and fibroblast spreading in photocrosslinked gelatin-thiol hydrogels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.14.574282. [PMID: 38293038 PMCID: PMC10827049 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.14.574282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
On-chip 3D culture systems that incorporate immune cells such as lymphocytes and stromal cells are needed to model immune organs in engineered systems such as organs-on-chip. Photocrosslinking is a useful tool for creating such immune-competent hydrogel cultures with spatial cell organization. However, loss of viability and motility in photocrosslinked gels can limit its utility, especially when working with fragile primary cells. We hypothesized that optimizing photoexposure-induced ROS production, hydrogel porosity or a combination of both factors was necessary to sustain cell viability and motility during culture in photocrosslinked gelatin-thiol (GelSH) hydrogels. Jurkat T cells, primary human CD4+ T cells and human lymphatic fibroblasts were selected as representative lymphoid immune cells to test this hypothesis. Direct exposure of these cells to 385 nm light and LAP photoinitiator dramatically increased ROS levels. Pretreatment with an antioxidant, ascorbic acid (AA), protected the cells from light + LAP-induced ROS and was non-toxic at optimized doses. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy showed that native GelSH hydrogels had limited porosity, and that adding collagen to GelSH precursor before crosslinking markedly increased gel porosity. Next, we tested the impact of AA pretreatment and increasing gel porosity, alone or in combination, on cell viability and function in 3D GelSH hydrogel cultures. Increasing gel porosity, rather than AA pretreatment, was more critical for rescuing viability of Jurkat T cells and spreading of human lymphatic fibroblasts in GelSH-based gels, but both factors improved the motility of primary human CD4+ T cells. Increased porosity enabled formation of spatially organized co-cultures of primary human CD4+ T cells and human lymphatic fibroblasts in photo-crosslinked gels in a multi-lane microfluidic chip, towards modeling the lymphoid organ microenvironment. Some optimization is still needed to improve homogeneity between regions on the chip. These findings will enable researchers utilizing photocrosslinking methods to develop immunocompetent 3D culture models that support viability and function of sensitive lymphoid cells.
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Shahid H, Morya VK, Oh JU, Kim JH, Noh KC. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and Oxidative Stress in Tendon Degeneration: A Molecular Perspective. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:86. [PMID: 38247510 PMCID: PMC10812560 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a debilitating condition marked by degenerative changes in the tendons. Its complex pathophysiology involves intrinsic, extrinsic, and physiological factors. While its intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been extensively studied, the role of physiological factors, such as hypoxia and oxidative stress, remains largely unexplored. This review article delves into the contribution of hypoxia-associated genes and oxidative-stress-related factors to tendon degeneration, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies. The unique aspect of this study lies in its pathway-based evidence, which sheds light on how these factors can be targeted to enhance overall tendon health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Shahid
- Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Hwaseong-si 18450, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
- School of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon City 24252, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Kumar Morya
- Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Hwaseong-si 18450, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
| | - Ji-Ung Oh
- Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Hwaseong-si 18450, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jae-Hyung Kim
- Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Hwaseong-si 18450, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
| | - Kyu-Cheol Noh
- Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Hwaseong-si 18450, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
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Chaudhary MR, Chaudhary S, Sharma Y, Singh TA, Mishra AK, Sharma S, Mehdi MM. Aging, oxidative stress and degenerative diseases: mechanisms, complications and emerging therapeutic strategies. Biogerontology 2023; 24:609-662. [PMID: 37516673 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Aging accompanied by several age-related complications, is a multifaceted inevitable biological progression involving various genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The major factor in this process is oxidative stress, caused by an abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ROS and RNS pose a threat by disrupting signaling mechanisms and causing oxidative damage to cellular components. This oxidative stress affects both the ER and mitochondria, causing proteopathies (abnormal protein aggregation), initiation of unfolded protein response, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal cellular senescence, ultimately leading to inflammaging (chronic inflammation associated with aging) and, in rare cases, metastasis. RONS during oxidative stress dysregulate multiple metabolic pathways like NF-κB, MAPK, Nrf-2/Keap-1/ARE and PI3K/Akt which may lead to inappropriate cell death through apoptosis and necrosis. Inflammaging contributes to the development of inflammatory and degenerative diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and retinopathy. The body's antioxidant systems, sirtuins, autophagy, apoptosis, and biogenesis play a role in maintaining homeostasis, but they have limitations and cannot achieve an ideal state of balance. Certain interventions, such as calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, dietary habits, and regular exercise, have shown beneficial effects in counteracting the aging process. In addition, interventions like senotherapy (targeting senescent cells) and sirtuin-activating compounds (STACs) enhance autophagy and apoptosis for efficient removal of damaged oxidative products and organelles. Further, STACs enhance biogenesis for the regeneration of required organelles to maintain homeostasis. This review article explores the various aspects of oxidative damage, the associated complications, and potential strategies to mitigate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Raj Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Sakshi Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Yogita Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Thokchom Arjun Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Alok Kumar Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Mohammad Murtaza Mehdi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
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Lee E, Park HY, Kim SW, Sun Y, Choi JH, Seo J, Jung YP, Kim AJ, Kim J, Lim K. Enhancing Supplemental Effects of Acute Natural Antioxidant Derived from Yeast Fermentation and Vitamin C on Sports Performance in Triathlon Athletes: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:3324. [PMID: 37571262 PMCID: PMC10421245 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the acute effects of natural antioxidants, derived from yeast fermentation containing glutathione and dietary vitamin C supplementation, on metabolic function, skeletal muscle oxygenation, cardiac function, and antioxidant function during submaximal exercise in middle-aged triathlon athletes. Twelve participants (aged 49.42 ± 5.9 years) completed 90 min submaximal cycling trials corresponding to 70% maximal oxygen uptake with either vitamin C and glutathione (VitC+Glu), vitamin C (VitC), glutathione (Glu) supplementation, or placebo. Metabolic function (minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output [VCO2], respiratory exchange ratio [RER], oxygen pulse [O2pulse], carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, and energy expenditure), skeletal muscle oxygenation (oxidized hemoglobin and myoglobin in skeletal muscle tissue, total hemoglobin and myoglobin in skeletal muscle tissue [tHb]), cardiac function (heart rate [HR], stroke volume [SV], cardiac output, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction), and antioxidant function parameters (blood lactate, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione [GSH], diacron reactive oxygen metabolite [dROM], and biological antioxidant potential [BAP]) were measured during submaximal exercise and recovery. VCO2, RER, HR, blood lactate after exercise, and dROM were significantly lower, and O2pulse, tHb, and BAP were significantly higher for VitC+Glu than for the other trials (p < 0.05). In conclusion, combined vitamin C and glutathione supplementation was more effective in improving metabolic function, skeletal oxygenation, cardiac function, and antioxidant function during prolonged submaximal exercise in middle-aged triathletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjoo Lee
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerin Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Jae-Ho Choi
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Jisoo Seo
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Yanghoon Peter Jung
- CJ CheilJedang Food & Nutrition Tech, Jung-gu, Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.J.); (A.-J.K.)
| | - Ah-Jin Kim
- CJ CheilJedang Food & Nutrition Tech, Jung-gu, Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.J.); (A.-J.K.)
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Rogers DR, Lawlor DJ, Moeller JL. Vitamin C Supplementation and Athletic Performance: A Review. Curr Sports Med Rep 2023; 22:255-259. [PMID: 37417662 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Many athletes utilize high-dose vitamin C supplementation to optimize athletic performance. A review of research over the past 10 years on the use of vitamin C and athletic performance show mixed results. Fourteen randomized control trials were reviewed. In most studies, vitamin C was used with at least one additional supplement, usually vitamin E. Three studies showed positive outcomes associated with decreased markers of muscle damage after intense exercise with some form of vitamin C supplementation. The remaining 11 articles showed either neutral or negative effects of high dose vitamin C supplementation on muscle damage, physical performance, perceived muscle soreness, and/or adaptations to training. Based on a lack of consistent data and potential for blunted physiologic adaptations to training, long-term high-dosage supplementation with vitamin C is not recommended. Athletes should obtain antioxidants through a nutrient-rich diet instead of through supplement use.
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Zhang J, Chen S, Chen J, Zhang H, Rao WW. Comparison of olanzapine-induced weight gain and metabolism abnormalities between topiramate and vitamin C in patients with schizophrenia: a preliminary study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1152953. [PMID: 37252140 PMCID: PMC10213308 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1152953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Topiramate (TPM) may reduce olanzapine (OLZ)-related weight gain and metabolism abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia. However, differences in the efficacy of OLZ-related weight gain and metabolism abnormalities between TPM and vitamin C (VC) are not clear. This study aimed to investigate whether TPM is more effective than VC in reducing OLZ-induced weight gain and metabolic abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia and explore their patterns. Methods This was a 12-week longitudinal comparison study in OLZ-treated patients with schizophrenia. Twenty-two patients who received OLZ monotherapy plus VC treatment (OLZ + VC group) was matched to 22 patients who received OLZ monotherapy plus TPM treatment (OLZ + TPM group). Body mass index (BMI) and metabolism indicators were measured at baseline and 12-weeks follow-up. Results A significant difference in triglyceride (TG) levels at different time points (pre-treatment: F = 7.89, p = 0.008; 4-weeks treatment: F = 13.19, p = 0.001; 12-weeks treatment: F = 54.48, p < 0.001) was found. Latent profile analysis demonstrated that a 2-class model for OLZ + TPM group (high vs. low BMI in the first 4 weeks) and OLZ + VC group (high vs. low), respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggested that TPM could better mitigates OLZ-induced increase in TG levels. The trajectories of change also differed in all metabolic indexes over time between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Zhang
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu Chen
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Chen
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Handi Zhang
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Wang Rao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Vijakumaran U, Shanmugam J, Heng JW, Azman SS, Yazid MD, Haizum Abdullah NA, Sulaiman N. Effects of Hydroxytyrosol in Endothelial Functioning: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041861. [PMID: 36838850 PMCID: PMC9966213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologists have been emphasizing and applying plant and herbal-based treatments in vascular diseases for decades now. Olives, for example, are a traditional symbol of the Mediterranean diet. Hydroxytyrosol is an olive-derived compound known for its antioxidant and cardioprotective effects. Acknowledging the merit of antioxidants in maintaining endothelial function warrants the application of hydroxytyrosol in endothelial dysfunction salvage and recovery. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an impairment of endothelial cells that adversely affects vascular homeostasis. Disturbance in endothelial functioning is a known precursor for atherosclerosis and, subsequently, coronary and peripheral artery disease. However, the effects of hydroxytyrosol on endothelial functioning were not extensively studied, limiting its value either as a nutraceutical supplement or in clinical trials. The action of hydroxytyrosol in endothelial functioning at a cellular and molecular level is gathered and summarized in this review. The favorable effects of hydroxytyrosol in the improvement of endothelial functioning from in vitro and in vivo studies were scrutinized. We conclude that hydroxytyrosol is capable to counteract oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular aging, and arterial stiffness; thus, it is beneficial to preserve endothelial function both in vitro and in vivo. Although not specifically for endothelial dysfunction, hydroxytyrosol safety and efficacy had been demonstrated via in vivo and clinical trials for cardiovascular-related studies.
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Liu J, He L, Wang A, Lv Y, He H, Wang C, Xiong K, Zhao L. Oxidative balance score reflects vascular endothelial function of Chinese community dwellers. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1076327. [PMID: 37138670 PMCID: PMC10150015 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1076327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The oxidative balance score (OBS) is a composite estimate of the overall pro- and antioxidant risk status in an individual. The aim of this study is to explore the association between the OBS and vascular endothelial function in Chinese community dwellers. Methods: In total, 339 community dwelling adults (aged 20-75 years) were recruited in this study. The overall OBS was calculated on the basis of 16 pro- and antioxidant factors related to diet (measured by fasting blood samples) and lifestyle (evaluated by questionnaires). The dietary OBS and lifestyle OBS were calculated on the basis of the corresponding components. Serum iso-prostaglandin F2α (FIP) was measured to evaluate the oxidative stress degree, and brachial artery blood flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured for vascular endothelial function. The FIP and FMD levels were dichotomized as "low" or "high" using the corresponding median values (low FIP, n = 159; high FIP, n = 180; low FMD, n = 192; and high FMD, n = 147). The components of the OBS were compared between the stratified FIP and FMD groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the OBS associations with FIP and FMD. Results: The higher overall OBS and dietary OBS were associated with lower FIP (p < 0.001), whereas the higher overall OBS (p < 0.01) and dietary OBS (p < 0.05) were associated with higher FMD. The lifestyle OBS was not associated with FIP and FMD (p > 0.05). Except for the body mass index (BMI) and low physical activity, all other OBS components were significantly different between the low FIP and high FIP groups (p < 0.05). Four diet-related antioxidants (α-carotene, zeaxanthin, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol) showed significant differences between the high and low FMD groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The decreasing OBS level was associated with low endothelial function and high oxidative stress. The dietary OBS, rather than the lifestyle OBS, was more closely associated with endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- College of Physical Education, WeiFang University, WeiFang, Shandong, China
| | - Lingxiao He
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Aozhe Wang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lv
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghao Wang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyu Xiong
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Li Zhao,
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Nutritional Compounds to Improve Post-Exercise Recovery. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235069. [PMID: 36501099 PMCID: PMC9736198 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic and mechanical stresses associated with muscle-fatiguing exercise result in perturbations to bodily tissues that lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), a state of fatigue involving oxidative stress and inflammation that is accompanied by muscle weakness, pain and a reduced ability to perform subsequent training sessions or competitions. This review collates evidence from previous research on a wide range of nutritional compounds that have the potential to speed up post-exercise recovery. We show that of the numerous compounds investigated thus far, only two-tart cherry and omega-3 fatty acids-are supported by substantial research evidence. Further studies are required to clarify the potential effects of other compounds presented here, many of which have been used since ancient times to treat conditions associated with inflammation and disease.
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13
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Advances in Novel Animal Vitamin C Biosynthesis Pathways and the Role of Prokaryote-Based Inferences to Understand Their Origin. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101917. [PMID: 36292802 PMCID: PMC9602106 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (VC) is an essential nutrient required for the optimal function and development of many organisms. VC has been studied for many decades, and still today, the characterization of its functions is a dynamic scientific field, mainly because of its commercial and therapeutic applications. In this review, we discuss, in a comparative way, the increasing evidence for alternative VC synthesis pathways in insects and nematodes, and the potential of myo-inositol as a possible substrate for this metabolic process in metazoans. Methodological approaches that may be useful for the future characterization of the VC synthesis pathways of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster are here discussed. We also summarize the current distribution of the eukaryote aldonolactone oxidoreductases gene lineages, while highlighting the added value of studies on prokaryote species that are likely able to synthesize VC for both the characterization of novel VC synthesis pathways and inferences on the complex evolutionary history of such pathways. Such work may help improve the industrial production of VC.
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Carbon Nanotube and Its Derived Nanomaterials Based High Performance Biosensing Platform. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090731. [PMID: 36140116 PMCID: PMC9496036 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
After the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of an accurate diagnosis and monitoring of diseases became a more important issue. In order to fabricate high-performance and sensitive biosensors, many researchers and scientists have used many kinds of nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles (NPs), metal oxide NPs, quantum dots (QDs), and carbon nanomaterials including graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Among them, CNTs have been considered important biosensing channel candidates due to their excellent physical properties such as high electrical conductivity, strong mechanical properties, plasmonic properties, and so on. Thus, in this review, CNT-based biosensing systems are introduced and various sensing approaches such as electrochemical, optical, and electrical methods are reported. Moreover, such biosensing platforms showed excellent sensitivity and high selectivity against not only viruses but also virus DNA structures. So, based on the amazing potential of CNTs-based biosensing systems, healthcare and public health can be significantly improved.
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Tsunenaga M, Xu W, Myojin T, Nakamura T, Kon T, Nakamura Y, Ueda O. Modulating effects of oral administration of Lycii Fructus extracts on UVB‑induced skin erythema: A Randomized, placebo‑controlled study. Biomed Rep 2022; 17:62. [PMID: 35719836 PMCID: PMC9198991 DOI: 10.3892/br.2022.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe UV exposure induces skin inflammation, causing erythema. Lycii Fructus (Lycium barbarum and Lycium chinense) is a potential antioxidant agent with a high content of polyphenols, including rutin and chlorogenic acid. This study examined the effects of Lycii Fructus extract (LFE) on UVB-induced skin erythema in humans. Healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to one of two groups and received UVB irradiation at 1.5 minimal erythemal dose (MED) on day 0 at three designated sites on their backs, and the skin color was measured until day 7. After an 8-week treatment with LFE (900 mg/day) or placebo, UVB irradiation (l.5 MED) was applied again at different sites on day 63. Skin color was continuously measured in each group until day 69. LFE tablet administration for 8 weeks significantly inhibited UVB-induced erythema formation and increased the MED by 13%. Erythema formation peaked on the first day after UVB irradiation, but gradually dissipated over the next several days. LFE tended to accelerate erythema disappearance. To determine the polyphenol responsible for the protection against UVB-induced skin damage, the effects of LFE-derived polyphenols and their metabolites on UVB-induced cytotoxicity were examined in vitro. The major intestinal metabolite of rutin and LFE significantly attenuated phototoxicity and in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Quercetin enhanced intracellular glutathione levels in HaCaT cells, even though LFE did not increase it. Together, the results showed that LFE inhibited erythema formation and accelerated erythema dissipation, possibly through its direct antioxidative action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tsunenaga
- Shiseido Co., Ltd. MIRAI Technology Institute, Frontier Business Research and Development Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 220‑0011, Japan
| | - Wensi Xu
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700‑8530 Japan
| | - Takumi Myojin
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700‑8530 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700‑8530 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kon
- Shiseido Co., Ltd. MIRAI Technology Institute, Frontier Business Research and Development Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 220‑0011, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700‑8530 Japan
| | - Osamu Ueda
- Shiseido Co., Ltd. MIRAI Technology Institute, Frontier Business Research and Development Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 220‑0011, Japan
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16
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Vitamin C Plasma Levels Associated with Inflammatory Biomarkers, CRP and RDW: Results from the NHANES 2003–2006 Surveys. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061254. [PMID: 35334908 PMCID: PMC8950002 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although undisputed for its anti-inflammatory and immune system boosting properties, vitamin C remains an inconsistently investigated nutrient in the United States. However, subclinical inadequacies may partly explain increased inflammation and decreased immune function within the population. This secondary analysis cross-sectional study used the 2003–2006 NHANES surveys to identify more clearly the association between plasma vitamin C and clinical biomarkers of acute and chronic inflammation C-reactive protein (CRP) and red cell distribution width (RDW). From plasma vitamin C levels separated into five defined categories (deficiency, hypovitaminosis, inadequate, adequate, and saturating), ANOVA tests identified significant differences in means in all insufficient vitamin C categories (deficiency, hypovitaminosis, and inadequate) and both CRP and RDW in 7607 study participants. There were also statistically significant differences in means between sufficient plasma vitamin C levels (adequate and saturating categories) and CRP. Significant differences were not identified between adequate and saturating plasma vitamin C levels and RDW. Although inadequate levels of vitamin C may not exhibit overt signs or symptoms of deficiency, differences in mean levels identified between inflammatory biomarkers suggest a closer examination of those considered at risk for inflammatory-driven diseases. Likewise, the subclinical levels of inflammation presented in this study provide evidence to support ranges for further clinical inflammation surveillance.
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Xu Y, Liang M, Ugbolue UC, Fekete G, Gu Y. Effect of Physical Exercise Under Different Intensity and Antioxidative Supplementation for Plasma Superoxide Dismutase in Healthy Adults: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:707176. [PMID: 35185608 PMCID: PMC8850976 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.707176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dynamic balance between oxidation and anti-oxidation in the body’s internal environment has a significant meaning for human health. Physical exercise and antioxidative supplementation could affect the balance of oxidation and anti-oxidation systems. The evidence on the effects of physical exercise and antioxidative supplementation is mixed. Aims To identify the effects of physical exercise, antioxidative supplementation, and their combination on the dynamic balance between oxidation and anti-oxidation in different subgroups of healthy adults. Methods All studies which reported randomized controlled trials with healthy participants were screened and included from the databases of PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Ovid. All participants were reclassified according to their different daily life activities. All physical exercise interventions were reclassified according to the intensity. The effect size would be calculated in percent or factor units from the mean level change with its associated random-effect variance. Result There were 27 studies included in this review. The agreement between authors by using The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Assessment Tool reached a kappa-value of 0.72. Maintaining a regular physical exercise routine in an appropriate intensity would be beneficial to the body’s anti-oxidative potential. Anti-oxidative supplementation could have some positive but limited effects on the body’s anti-oxidative status and complex interaction with physical exercise. Conclusion Keeping a regular physical exercise routine and gradually increasing its intensity according to the individual’s daily life activity might be a better choice to maintain and enhancing the body’s antioxidation potential, only using anti-oxidative supplementation is not recommended. More research is needed to explore the best combination protocol. Registration Number CRD42021241995.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Xu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Minjun Liang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Minjun Liang,
| | - Ukadike C. Ugbolue
- School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
- Ukadike C. Ugbolue,
| | - Gusztáv Fekete
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
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18
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Chen CY, Chou CC, Lin KX, Mündel T, Chen MT, Liao YH, Tsai SC. A Sports Nutrition Perspective on the Impacts of Hypoxic High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Appetite Regulatory Mechanisms: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031736. [PMID: 35162760 PMCID: PMC8835478 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and low-oxygen exposure may inhibit the secretion of appetite-stimulating hormones, suppress appetite, and inhibit dietary intake. Physiological changes affecting appetite are frequent and include appetite hormone (ghrelin, leptin, PYY, and GLP-1) effects and the subjective loss of appetite, resulting in nutritional deficiencies. This paper is a narrative review of the literature to verify the HIIT effect on appetite regulation mechanisms and discusses the possible relationship between appetite effects and the need for high-intensity exercise training in a hypoxic environment. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed and the Web of Science databases, as well as English articles (gray literature by Google Scholar for English articles) through Google Scholar, and the searched studies primarily focused on the acute effects of exercise and hypoxic environmental factors on appetite, related hormones, and energy intake. In a general normoxic environment, regular exercise habits may have accustomed the athlete to intense training and, therefore, no changes occurred in their subjective appetite, but there is a significant effect on the appetite hormones. The higher the exercise intensity and the longer the duration, the more likely exercise is to cause exercise-induced appetite loss and changes in appetite hormones. It has not been clear whether performing HIIT in a hypoxic environment may interfere with the exerciser’s diet or the nutritional supplement intake as it suppresses appetite, which, in turn, affects and interferes with the recovery efficiency after exercise. Although appetite-regulatory hormones, the subjective appetite, and energy intake may be affected by exercise, such as hypoxia or hypoxic exercise, we believe that energy intake should be the main observable indicator in future studies on environmental and exercise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yu Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei City 111, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Chung Chou
- Physical Education Office, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City 106, Taiwan;
| | - Ke-Xun Lin
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City 112, Taiwan;
| | - Toby Mündel
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Mu-Tsung Chen
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Shih Chien University, Taipei City 104, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Hung Liao
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City 112, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (S.-C.T.)
| | - Shiow-Chwen Tsai
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei City 111, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (S.-C.T.)
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Yun B, King M, Draz MS, Kline T, Rodriguez-Palacios A. Oxidative reactivity across kingdoms in the gut: Host immunity, stressed microbiota and oxidized foods. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:97-110. [PMID: 34843918 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play a major role in the induction of programmed cell death and numerous diseases. Production of reactive oxygen species is ubiquitous in biological systems such as humans, bacteria, fungi/yeasts, and plants. Although reactive oxygen species are known to cause diseases, little is known about the importance of the combined oxidative stress burden in the gut. Understanding the dynamics and the level of oxidative stress 'reactivity' across kingdoms could help ascertain the combined consequences of free radical accumulation in the gut lumen. Here, we present fundamental similarities of oxidative stress derived from the host immune cells, bacteria, yeasts, plants, and the therein-derived diets, which often accentuate the burden of free radicals by accumulation during storage and cooking conditions. Given the described similarities, oxidative stress could be better understood and minimized by monitoring the levels of oxidative stress in the feces to identify pro-inflammatory factors. However, we illustrate that dietary studies rarely monitor oxidative stress markers in the feces, and therefore our knowledge on fecal oxidative stress monitoring is limited. A more holistic approach to understanding oxidative stress 'reactivity' in the gut could help improve strategies to use diet and microbiota to prevent intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahda Yun
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maria King
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed S Draz
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Terence Kline
- Veterinary Technology Program, Cuyahoga Community College, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alex Rodriguez-Palacios
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Germ-free and Gut Microbiome Core, Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Research and Education Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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21
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Valachová K, Rapta P, Moura NMM, Batinic-Haberle I, Šoltés L. Ortho Isomeric Mn(III) N-Alkyl- and Alkoxyalkylpyridylporphyrins-Enhancers of Hyaluronan Degradation Induced by Ascorbate and Cupric Ions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168608. [PMID: 34445313 PMCID: PMC8395334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) in tumors correlate with poor outcomes with several types of cancers due to HA-driven support of adhesion, migration and proliferation of cells. In this study we explored how to enhance the degradation of HA into low-molecular fragments, which cannot prevent the immune system to fight tumor proliferation and metastases. The physiological solution of HA was exposed to oxidative degradation by ascorbate and cupric ions in the presence of either one of three ortho isomeric Mn(III) substituted N-alkyl- and alkoxyalkylpyridylporphyrins or para isomeric Mn(III) N-methylpyridyl analog, commonly known as mimics of superoxide dismutase. The changes in hyaluronan degradation kinetics by four Mn(III) porphyrins were monitored by measuring the alteration in the dynamic viscosity of the HA solution. The ortho compounds MnTE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-010, AEOL10113), MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-001) and MnTnHex-2-PyP5+ are able to redox cycle with ascorbate whereby producing H2O2 which is subsequently coupled with Cu(I) to produce the •OH radical essential for HA degradation. Conversely, with the para analog, MnTM-4-PyP5+, no catalysis of HA degradation was demonstrated, due to its inertness towards redox cycling with ascorbate. The impact of different Mn(III)-porphyrins on the HA decay was further clarified by electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry. The ability to catalyze the degradation of HA in a biological milieu, in the presence of cupric ions and ascorbate under the conditions of high tumor oxidative stress provides further insight into the anticancer potential of redox-active ortho isomeric Mn(III) porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Valachová
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: (K.V.); (P.R.)
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (K.V.); (P.R.)
| | - Nuno M. M. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Ladislav Šoltés
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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22
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Filatova D, Cherpak C. Mechanisms of Nickel-Induced Cell Damage in Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Nutritional Intervention Strategies. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:1010-1014. [PMID: 31969107 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200122155804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypersensitivity to nickel is a very common cause of allergic contact dermatitis since this metal is largely present in industrial and consumer products as well as in some commonly consumed foods, air, soil, and water. In nickel-sensitized individuals, a cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity response results in contact to dermatitis due to mucous membranes coming in long-term contact with nickel-containing objects. This process involves the generation of reactive oxidative species and lipid peroxidation-induced oxidative damage. Immunologically, the involvement of T helper (h)-1 and Th-2 cells, as well as the reduced function of T regulatory cells, are of importance. The toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of nickel are attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of oxidative damage via lipid peroxidation, which results in DNA damage. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research is to identify nutritionally actionable interventions that can intercept nickel-induced cell damage due to their antioxidant capacities. CONCLUSION Nutritional interventions may be used to modulate immune dysregulation, thereby intercepting nickel-induced cellular damage. Among these nutritional interventions are a low-nickel diet and an antioxidant-rich diet that is sufficient in iron needed to minimize nickel absorption. These dietary approaches not only reduce the likelihood of nickel toxicity by minimizing nickel exposure but also help prevent oxidative damage by supplying the body with antioxidants that neutralize free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Filatova
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Health, Maryland University of Integrative Health, Laurel, Maryland, United States
| | - Christine Cherpak
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Health, Maryland University of Integrative Health, Laurel, Maryland, United States
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Jiaranaikulwanitch J, Pandith H, Tadtong S, Thammarat P, Jiranusornkul S, Chauthong N, Nilkosol S, Vajragupta O. Novel Multifunctional Ascorbic Triazole Derivatives for Amyloidogenic Pathway Inhibition, Anti-Inflammation, and Neuroprotection. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061562. [PMID: 33809092 PMCID: PMC7999550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. The number of patients with AD is projected to reach 152 million by 2050. Donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine are the only four drugs currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for AD treatment. However, these drugs can only alleviate AD symptoms. Thus, this research focuses on the discovery of novel lead compounds that possess multitarget regulation of AD etiopathology relating to amyloid cascade. The ascorbic acid structure has been designated as a core functional domain due to several characteristics, including antioxidant activities, amyloid aggregation inhibition, and the ability to be transported to the brain and neurons. Multifunctional ascorbic derivatives were synthesized by copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (click chemistry). The in vitro and cell-based assays showed that compounds 2c and 5c exhibited prominent multifunctional activities as beta-secretase 1 inhibitors, amyloid aggregation inhibitors, and antioxidant, neuroprotectant, and anti-inflammatory agents. Significant changes in activities promoting neuroprotection and anti-inflammation were observed at a considerably low concentration at a nanomolar level. Moreover, an in silico study showed that compounds 2c and 5c were capable of being permeated across the blood-brain barrier by sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutamas Jiaranaikulwanitch
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.); (S.J.); (N.C.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-5394-4382
| | - Hataichanok Pandith
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Sarin Tadtong
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand;
| | - Phanit Thammarat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.); (S.J.); (N.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Supat Jiranusornkul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.); (S.J.); (N.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Nattapong Chauthong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.); (S.J.); (N.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Supitcha Nilkosol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.); (S.J.); (N.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Office of Research Affairs, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
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Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on immune status in healthy women following a single bout of exercise. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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The Interplay between Oxidative Stress, Exercise, and Pain in Health and Disease: Potential Role of Autonomic Regulation and Epigenetic Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111166. [PMID: 33238564 PMCID: PMC7700330 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress can be induced by various stimuli and altered in certain conditions, including exercise and pain. Although many studies have investigated oxidative stress in relation to either exercise or pain, the literature presents conflicting results. Therefore, this review critically discusses existing literature about this topic, aiming to provide a clear overview of known interactions between oxidative stress, exercise, and pain in healthy people as well as in people with chronic pain, and to highlight possible confounding factors to keep in mind when reflecting on these interactions. In addition, autonomic regulation and epigenetic mechanisms are proposed as potential mechanisms of action underlying the interplay between oxidative stress, exercise, and pain. This review highlights that the relation between oxidative stress, exercise, and pain is poorly understood and not straightforward, as it is dependent on the characteristics of exercise, but also on which population is investigated. To be able to compare studies on this topic, strict guidelines should be developed to limit the effect of several confounding factors. This way, the true interplay between oxidative stress, exercise, and pain, and the underlying mechanisms of action can be revealed and validated via independent studies.
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The Use of Vitamins, Supplements, Herbs, and Essential Oils in Rehabilitation. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2020; 31:685-697. [PMID: 32981586 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The term, dietary supplement, refers to a broad category of products, including herbal or plant-based extracts, micronutrients, and food-based nutraceuticals. The use of supplements in clinical rehabilitation requires clear communication from patients and health care providers to understand the types of products used and their effects on health. Providers should distinguish between using micronutrient supplementation for therapeutic purposes and treatment of nutritional deficiency in patients with malnutrition syndromes. Evidence supports micronutrient and nutraceutical supplementation use to improve pain, functional status, and inflammation. There is little evidence on the use of herbal or plant-based extracts in therapeutic rehabilitation; larger studies are warranted.
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Mason SA, Trewin AJ, Parker L, Wadley GD. Antioxidant supplements and endurance exercise: Current evidence and mechanistic insights. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101471. [PMID: 32127289 PMCID: PMC7284926 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant supplements are commonly consumed by endurance athletes to minimize exercise-induced oxidative stress, with the intention of enhancing recovery and improving performance. There are numerous commercially available nutritional supplements that are targeted to athletes and health enthusiasts that allegedly possess antioxidant properties. However, most of these compounds are poorly investigated with respect to their in vivo redox activity and efficacy in humans. Therefore, this review will firstly provide a background to endurance exercise-related redox signalling and the subsequent adaptations in skeletal muscle and vascular function. The review will then discuss commonly available compounds with purported antioxidant effects for use by athletes. N-acetyl cysteine may be of benefit over the days prior to an endurance event; while chronic intake of combined 1000 mg vitamin C + vitamin E is not recommended during periods of heavy training associated with adaptations in skeletal muscle. Melatonin, vitamin E and α-lipoic acid appear effective at decreasing markers of exercise-induced oxidative stress. However, evidence on their effects on endurance performance are either lacking or not supportive. Catechins, anthocyanins, coenzyme Q10 and vitamin C may improve vascular function, however, evidence is either limited to specific sub-populations and/or does not translate to improved performance. Finally, additional research should clarify the potential benefits of curcumin in improving muscle recovery post intensive exercise; and the potential hampering effects of astaxanthin, selenium and vitamin A on skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance training. Overall, we highlight the lack of supportive evidence for most antioxidant compounds to recommend to athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A Mason
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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Lorzadeh N, Kazemirad Y, Kazemirad N. Investigating the preventive effect of vitamins C and E on preeclampsia in nulliparous pregnant women. J Perinat Med 2020; 48:625-629. [PMID: 32755100 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2019-0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder associated with pregnancy and is the leading cause of both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Recent reports suggest that free radical-induced endothelial cell injury might be an etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effects of vitamins C and E for the prevention of preeclampsia. Methods This clinical trial was conducted in the year 2018 in the clinical centers of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. One hundred and sixty nulliparous women aged 18-38 years without any risk factors for preeclampsia were divided into two groups. The first group received a 400-IU/day dose of vitamin E orally and a 1000-mg/day dose of vitamin C with iron tablets during 20-24 weeks of pregnancy, while the control group received only iron tablets. Finally, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequency distribution tables. Results The incidence of preeclampsia in the control group was 17.5% and in the intervention group was 5%, which was significantly different. The mean systolic pressures before and after intervention were 99.43 ± 7.8 and 12.44 ± 19.1, respectively, in the control group, and 99.3 ± 8.3 and 106.12 ± 13.25, respectively, in the intervention group (P < 0.001). The mean diastolic pressures before and after intervention in the control group were 62.7 ± 13.6 and 62.7 ± 4.7 (P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion The results of this study show that vitamins C and E have protective effects against preeclampsia by alleviating the overall blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Lorzadeh
- Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Nastran Kazemirad
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shekh K, Alcaraz AJ, Niyogi S, Hecker M. Comparative analyses of oxidative stress response and metallothionein induction in white sturgeon and rainbow trout during acute waterborne copper exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 231:108723. [PMID: 32044455 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early life-stages of the endangered white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) have been shown to be among the most sensitive fishes to aqueous copper (Cu) exposure. In a recent analogous study, we examined the role of whole-body Cu accumulation and Na homeostasis in species-specific differences between the sensitivity of white sturgeon and a common laboratory fish model, rainbow trout, to Cu. However, the potential roles of important mechanisms such as Cu-induced oxidative stress and/or metallothionein (MT) induction as potential drivers of sensitivity of white sturgeon to Cu have not been investigated to date. Here, rainbow trout and white sturgeon from three different early life-stages were exposed to waterborne Cu for 96 h, following which major antioxidant parameters, lipid peroxidation and MT gene expression were evaluated. Results indicated that during larval and swim-up life-stages, Cu induced oxidative damage in white sturgeon was greater than in rainbow trout. Moreover, baseline glutathione (GSH) was significantly greater in rainbow trout than white sturgeon. Observations also suggested that trout exceedingly relied on GSH to combat Cu-induced oxidative stress as they grew older. In contrast, sturgeon recruited an increasing level of MT to neutralize Cu-induced oxidative stress and/or Cu loading. In our recent study, we demonstrated that Na homeostasis is more susceptible to Cu in white sturgeon than in rainbow trout. Collectively, these findings indicate that the greater degree of oxidative damage in early life-stages, in addition to the higher magnitude of the disruption of Na homeostasis, contributes to the higher sensitivity of white sturgeon to Cu exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Shekh
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.
| | - Alper James Alcaraz
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada
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Anserine Reverses Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Preserves Cellular Homeostasis in Healthy Men. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041146. [PMID: 32325914 PMCID: PMC7231017 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study tested whether anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-l-histidine), the active ingredient of chicken essence affects exercise-induced oxidative stress, cell integrity, and haematology biomarkers. In a randomized placebo-controlled repeated-measures design, ten healthy men ingested anserine in either a low dose (ANS-LD) 15 mg·kg−1·bw−1, high dose (ANS-HD) 30 mg·kg−1·bw−1, or placebo (PLA), following an exercise challenge (time to exhaustion), on three separate occasions. Anserine supplementation increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 50% (p < 0.001, effect size d = 0.8 for both ANS-LD and ANS-HD), and preserved catalase (CAT) activity suggesting an improved antioxidant activity. However, both ANS-LD and ANS-HD elevated glutathione disulfide (GSSG), (both p < 0.001, main treatment effect), and consequently lowered the glutathione to glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio compared with PLA (p < 0.01, main treatment effect), without significant effects on thiobarbituric acid active reactive substances (TBARS). Exercise-induced cell damage biomarkers of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and myoglobin were unaffected by anserine. There were slight but significant elevations in glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CKMB), especially in ANS-HD (p < 0.05) compared with ANS-LD or PLA. Haematological biomarkers were largely unaffected by anserine, its dose, and without interaction with post exercise time-course. However, compared with ANS-LD and PLA, ANS-HD increased the mean cell volume (MCV), and decreased the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p < 0.001). Anserine preserves cellular homoeostasis through enhanced antioxidant activity and protects cell integrity in healthy men, which is important for chronic disease prevention. However, anserine temporal elevated exercise-induced cell-damage, together with enhanced antioxidant activity and haematological responses suggest an augmented exercise-induced adaptative response and recovery.
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31
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Bernardi M, Peluso I. Interactions between oxidative stress and cardiorespiratory fitness: Old and new biomarkers. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Effects of vitamin C on oxidative stress, inflammation, muscle soreness, and strength following acute exercise: meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:2827-2839. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
The stress response is a preserved evolutionary response that functions to enhance the survival of the species. In mammals, the stress response is characterized by activation of the HPA axis and sympathoadrenal system (SAS) as well as the increased synthesis and secretion of vitamin C. Cortisol, catecholamines, and vitamin C act synergistically to increase hemodynamic reserve, maintain immune function and protect the host against excessive oxidant injury. Humans (and anthropoid apes) have lost the ability to synthesize vitamin C and therefore have an impaired stress response. The inability to produce vitamin C has serious implications in septic humans. Treatment with vitamin C appears to restore the stress response and improve the survival of stressed humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Marik
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:91. [PMID: 31750312 PMCID: PMC6843074 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K. Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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35
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Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019. [PMID: 31750312 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Garcia-Retortillo S, Javierre C, Hristovski R, Ventura JL, Balagué N. Principal component analysis as a novel approach for cardiorespiratory exercise testing evaluation. Physiol Meas 2019; 40:084002. [PMID: 31239421 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab2ca0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to apply a principal component analysis (PCA) approach to cardiorespiratory exercise to test evaluation and its sensitivity to workload accumulation. APPROACH Twenty-five healthy young adults performed a progressive and maximal cycling test, which was divided into two parts: moderate and high workload intensities, using a ventilatory threshold as a cut point. A PCA of the time series of cardiovascular and respiratory variables was performed in each part and the number of principal components (PCs), the eigenvalues of the first PC (PC1), and the information entropy were calculated. MAIN RESULTS The number of PCs increased, the eigenvalues of PC1 decreased (t = 5.32; p < 0.001; d = 1.39) and entropy was significantly higher (Z = 3.10; p = .002; d = 1.16) at high workload intensities, compared to moderate intensities. SIGNIFICANCE Results showed the sensitivity of the PCA approach to workload accumulation and corroborates its potential for improving the evaluation and interpretation of cardiorespiratory exercise testing. In particular, it points to being a good candidate to objectively detect qualitative changes or thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Garcia-Retortillo
- Complex Systems in Sport, INEFC Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain. School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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