1
|
Gao S, Jiao X, Guo R, Song X, Li B, Guo L. Reduced serum IgG galactosylation is associated with increased inflammation during relapses of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357475. [PMID: 38576616 PMCID: PMC10991735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Post-translational modifications of antibodies, with a specific focus on galactosylation, have garnered increasing attention in the context of understanding the pathogenesis and therapeutic implications of autoimmune diseases. However, the comprehensive scope and the clinical significance of antibody galactosylation in the context of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) remain enigmatic.The primary aim of this research was to discern disparities in serum IgG galactosylation levels between individuals in the acute stage of NMOSD relapse and their age- and sex-matched healthy counterparts. Methods A total of fourteen untreated NMOSD patients experiencing an acute relapse phase, along with thirteen patients under medication, were enrolled, and an additional twelve healthy controls of the same age and gender were recruited for this investigation. Western blot and lectin enzyme techniques were used to determine the level of IgG galactosylation in the serum samples from these subjects. The expression of CD45+, CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD19+, and CD16+CD56+ in peripheral blood leukocytes was measured by flow cytometry. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was also used to quantify the amounts of IgG. Magnetic particle luminescence assays are used to detect cytokines. Robust statistical analysis was executed to ascertain the potential associations between IgG galactosylation and the aforementioned immune indices. Results In the context of NMOSD relapses, serum IgG galactosylation exhibited a notable decrease in untreated patients (0.2482 ± 0.0261), while it remained comparatively stable in medicated patients when contrasted with healthy controls (0.3625 ± 0.0259) (p=0.0159). Furthermore, a noteworthy inverse correlation between serum IgG galactosylation levels and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score during NMOSD relapse was observed (r=-0.4142; p=0.0317). Notably, IgG galactosylation displayed an inverse correlation with NMOSD relapse among peripheral blood CD45+, CD3+, CD3+CD8+, CD19+ cells, as well as with IL-6 and IL-8. Nevertheless, it was not determined whether IgG galactosylation and CD3+CD4+ T cells or other cytokines are statistically significantly correlated. Conclusion Our research identified reduced IgG galactosylation in the serum of NMOSD patients during relapses, significantly correlated with disease severity, thereby providing a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of NMOSD in the realm of medical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruoyi Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiujuan Song
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Damelang T, Brinkhaus M, van Osch TLJ, Schuurman J, Labrijn AF, Rispens T, Vidarsson G. Impact of structural modifications of IgG antibodies on effector functions. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1304365. [PMID: 38259472 PMCID: PMC10800522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1304365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are a critical component of the adaptive immune system, binding to and neutralizing pathogens and other foreign substances. Recent advances in molecular antibody biology and structural protein engineering enabled the modification of IgG antibodies to enhance their therapeutic potential. This review summarizes recent progress in both natural and engineered structural modifications of IgG antibodies, including allotypic variation, glycosylation, Fc engineering, and Fc gamma receptor binding optimization. We discuss the functional consequences of these modifications to highlight their potential for therapeutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Brinkhaus
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thijs L. J. van Osch
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Janine Schuurman
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aran F. Labrijn
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kaur D, Khan H, Grewal AK, Singh TG. Glycosylation: A new signaling paradigm for the neurovascular diseases. Life Sci 2024; 336:122303. [PMID: 38016576 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of life-threatening conditions with complicated pathogenesis involves neurovascular disorders encompassing Neurovascular unit (NVU) damage. The pathophysiology of NVU is characterized by several features including tissue hypoxia, stimulation of inflammatory and angiogenic processes, and the initiation of intricate molecular interactions, collectively leading to an elevation in blood-brain barrier permeability, atherosclerosis and ultimately, neurovascular diseases. The presence of compelling data about the significant involvement of the glycosylation in the development of diseases has sparked a discussion on whether the abnormal glycosylation may serve as a causal factor for neurovascular disorders, rather than being just recruited as a secondary player in regulating the critical events during the development processes like embryo growth and angiogenesis. An essential tool for both developing new anti-ischemic therapies and understanding the processes of ischemic brain damage is undertaking pre-clinical studies of neurovascular disorders. Together with the post-translational modification of proteins, the modulation of glycosylation and its enzymes implicates itself in several abnormal activities which are known to accelerate neuronal vasculopathy. Despite the failure of the majority of glycosylation-based preclinical and clinical studies over the past years, there is a significant probability to provide neuroprotection utilizing modern and advanced approaches to target abnormal glycosylation activity at embryonic stages as well. This article focuses on a variety of experimental evidence to postulate the interconnection between glycosylation and vascular disorders along with possible treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Turčić A, Radovani B, Vogrinc Ž, Habek M, Rogić D, Gabelić T, Zaninović L, Lauc G, Gudelj I. Higher MRI lesion load in multiple sclerosis is related to the N-glycosylation changes of cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin G. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 79:104921. [PMID: 37634467 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrathecal clonal expansion of antibody-producing plasma cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) perpetuates central nervous system injury and is associated with active demyelination. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) effector functions are modulated by linked N-glycan structures. The aim of the study was to detect potential differences in N-glycosylation of IgG in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and total sera proteins between people with MS and those in whom the diagnosis of MS was excluded. Furthermore, we investigated the association with standard laboratory biomarkers of intrathecal inflammation as well as clinical and neuroradiological disease activity. METHODS This cross-sectional study included patients with suspected demyelinating disease. MS diagnosis was based on the 2017 McDonald criteria and controls were patients with excluded MS diagnosis. N-glycans were compared with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of disease activity and biomarkers of intrathecal inflammation (cell count, CSF-IgG concentration, percentage of intrathecal IgG, oligoclonal bands (OCB), virus-specific antibody index (MRZH reaction)). RESULTS Differences between groups were observed only in the CSF-IgG N-glycome. In MS, the presence of bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (Padj=2.63E-05) and monogalactosylation (Padj=1.49E-06) were more abundant and associated with positive OCBs. N-glycans monogalactosylated at the α6 arm FA2[6]G1 (r = 0.56) and FA2[6]BG1 (r = 0.45) correlated with percentage of intrathecal IgG, but not total CSF-IgG. This trait was also more abundant in MRZH positive people with MS who had higher MRI lesion load (P = 0.018) but unrelated to active lesions or EDSS. CONCLUSIONS More abundant monogalactosylation of intrathecally synthesized IgG is the most prominent trait in MS and is associated with higher MRI lesion load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Turčić
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Radovani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Željka Vogrinc
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Habek
- Department of Neurology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Referral Center for Autonomic Nervous System Disorders, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dunja Rogić
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tereza Gabelić
- Department of Neurology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Referral Center for Autonomic Nervous System Disorders, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljiljana Zaninović
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia; Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shkunnikova S, Mijakovac A, Sironic L, Hanic M, Lauc G, Kavur MM. IgG glycans in health and disease: Prediction, intervention, prognosis, and therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108169. [PMID: 37207876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (IgG) glycosylation is a complex enzymatically controlled process, essential for the structure and function of IgG. IgG glycome is relatively stable in the state of homeostasis, yet its alterations have been associated with aging, pollution and toxic exposure, as well as various diseases, including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, cardiometabolic diseases, infectious diseases and cancer. IgG is also an effector molecule directly involved in the inflammation processes included in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Numerous recently published studies support the idea that IgG N-glycosylation fine-tunes the immune response and plays a significant role in chronic inflammation. This makes it a promising novel biomarker of biological age, and a prognostic, diagnostic and treatment evaluation tool. Here we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the IgG glycosylation in health and disease, and its potential applications in pro-active prevention and monitoring of various health interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Shkunnikova
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anika Mijakovac
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Sironic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Hanic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ulica Ante Kovačića 1, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Costa J, Hayes C, Lisacek F. Protein glycosylation and glycoinformatics for novel biomarker discovery in neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101991. [PMID: 37348818 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification of brain proteins including cell surface adhesion molecules, synaptic proteins, receptors and channels, as well as intracellular proteins, with implications in brain development and functions. Using advanced state-of-the-art glycomics and glycoproteomics technologies in conjunction with glycoinformatics resources, characteristic glycosylation profiles in brain tissues are increasingly reported in the literature and growing evidence shows deregulation of glycosylation in central nervous system disorders, including aging associated neurodegenerative diseases. Glycan signatures characteristic of brain tissue are also frequently described in cerebrospinal fluid due to its enrichment in brain-derived molecules. A detailed structural analysis of brain and cerebrospinal fluid glycans collected in publications in healthy and neurodegenerative conditions was undertaken and data was compiled to create a browsable dedicated set in the GlyConnect database of glycoproteins (https://glyconnect.expasy.org/brain). The shared molecular composition of cerebrospinal fluid with brain enhances the likelihood of novel glycobiomarker discovery for neurodegeneration, which may aid in unveiling disease mechanisms, therefore, providing with novel therapeutic targets as well as diagnostic and progression monitoring tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Costa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Catherine Hayes
- Proteome Informatics Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frédérique Lisacek
- Proteome Informatics Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland; Computer Science Department, University of Geneva, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland; Section of Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ramos-Martínez I, Ramos-Martínez E, Cerbón M, Pérez-Torres A, Pérez-Campos Mayoral L, Hernández-Huerta MT, Martínez-Cruz M, Pérez-Santiago AD, Sánchez-Medina MA, García-Montalvo IA, Zenteno E, Matias-Cervantes CA, Ojeda-Meixueiro V, Pérez-Campos E. The Role of B Cell and T Cell Glycosylation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010863. [PMID: 36614306 PMCID: PMC9820943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that affects the stability, structure, antigenicity and charge of proteins. In the immune system, glycosylation is involved in the regulation of ligand-receptor interactions, such as in B-cell and T-cell activating receptors. Alterations in glycosylation have been described in several autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in which alterations have been found mainly in the glycosylation of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and immunoglobulins. In immunoglobulin G of lupus patients, a decrease in galactosylation, sialylation, and nucleotide fucose, as well as an increase in the N-acetylglucosamine bisector, are observed. These changes in glycoisolation affect the interactions of immunoglobulins with Fc receptors and are associated with pericarditis, proteinuria, nephritis, and the presence of antinuclear antibodies. In T cells, alterations have been described in the glycosylation of receptors involved in activation, such as the T cell receptor; these changes affect the affinity with their ligands and modulate the binding to endogenous lectins such as galectins. In T cells from lupus patients, a decrease in galectin 1 binding is observed, which could favor activation and reduce apoptosis. Furthermore, these alterations in glycosylation correlate with disease activity and clinical manifestations, and thus have potential use as biomarkers. In this review, we summarize findings on glycosylation alterations in SLE and how they relate to immune system defects and their clinical manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ramos-Martínez
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Edgar Ramos-Martínez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68120, Mexico
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología “Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes”—Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Armando Pérez-Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | | | - María Teresa Hernández-Huerta
- CONACyT, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca (UABJO), Oaxaca 68020, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Glycosylation has a profound influence on protein activity and cell biology through a variety of mechanisms, such as protein stability, receptor interactions and signal transduction. In many rheumatic diseases, a shift in protein glycosylation occurs, and is associated with inflammatory processes and disease progression. For example, the Fc-glycan composition on (auto)antibodies is associated with disease activity, and the presence of additional glycans in the antigen-binding domains of some autoreactive B cell receptors can affect B cell activation. In addition, changes in synovial fibroblast cell-surface glycosylation can alter the synovial microenvironment and are associated with an altered inflammatory state and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. The development of our understanding of the role of glycosylation of plasma proteins (particularly (auto)antibodies), cells and tissues in rheumatic pathological conditions suggests that glycosylation-based interventions could be used in the treatment of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Kissel
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Du JJ, Sastre D, Trastoy B, Roberts B, Deredge D, Klontz EH, Flowers MW, Sultana N, Guerin ME, Sundberg EJ. Mass Spectrometry-Based Methods to Determine the Substrate Specificities and Kinetics of N-Linked Glycan Hydrolysis by Endo-β-N-Acetylglucosaminidases. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2674:147-167. [PMID: 37258966 PMCID: PMC10988651 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3243-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification of proteins and refers to the covalent addition of glycans, chains of polysaccharides, onto proteins producing glycoproteins. The glycans influence the structure, function, and stability of proteins. They also play an integral role in the immune system, and aberrantly glycosylated proteins have wide ranging effects, including leading to diseases such as autoimmune conditions and cancer. Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) are produced in bacteria, fungi, and humans and are enzymes which modify glycans via the addition or subtraction of individual or multiple saccharides from glycans. One of the hurdles in studying these enzymes is determining the types of substrates each enzyme is specific for and the kinetics of enzymatic activity. In this chapter, we discuss methods which are currently used to study the substrate specificity and kinetics of CAZymes and introduce a novel mass spectrometry-based technique which enables the specificity and kinetics of CAZymes to be determined accurately and efficiently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Diego Sastre
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Beatriz Trastoy
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Blaine Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel Deredge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erik H Klontz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria W Flowers
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nazneen Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marcelo E Guerin
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Eric J Sundberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Y, Shi F, Wang G, Lv J, Zhang H, Jin H, Chen X, Wang M, Li P, Ji L. Expression Profile of Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation in Children With Epilepsy in Han Nationality. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:843897. [PMID: 35845609 PMCID: PMC9283856 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.843897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease that recurs during childhood, and more than half of adult epilepsy originates from childhood. Studies suggested that immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation are closely related to neurological diseases. Here we analyzed the characteristics of the immunoglobulin glycosylation profile of children with epilepsy. Methods Patients were recruited in Taian, Shandong Province from December 2019 to March 2020. Serum IgG glycome composition was analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography approach. Results The proportion of fucosylated glycans in total IgG glycans was 93.72% in the epilepsy patients, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (94.94%). A lower level of total monogalactosylated and digalactosylated glycans were observed in the epilepsy patients group (30.76 and 40.14%) than that in the controls (36.17 and 42.69%). There was no significant difference between the two groups in bisected GlcNAc glycans and sialylated glycans. Conclusion The decrease of core fucosylation and galactosylation may promote the inflammatory reaction of the body and participate in the occurrence of epilepsy in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuejin Li
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Fengxue Shi
- School of Clinical, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guanglei Wang
- Tai’an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Jian Lv
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Tai’an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medical Center, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Xueyu Chen
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Peirui Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Long Ji
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
- College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Long Ji,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gonzalez-Gronow M, Pizzo SV. Physiological Roles of the Autoantibodies to the 78-Kilodalton Glucose-Regulated Protein (GRP78) in Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061222. [PMID: 35740249 PMCID: PMC9219851 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), a member of the 70 kDa heat-shock family of molecular chaperones (HSP70), is essential for the regulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) resulting from cellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. During ER stress, GRP78 evades retention mechanisms and is translocated to the cell surface (csGRP78) where it functions as an autoantigen. Autoantibodies to GRP78 appear in prostate, ovarian, gastric, malignant melanoma, and colorectal cancers. They are also found in autoimmune pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorder (AMOGAD), Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), multiple sclerosis (MS), neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). In NMO, MS, and NPSLE these autoantibodies disrupt and move across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), facilitating their entry and that of other pathogenic antibodies to the brain. Although csGRP78 is common in both cancer and autoimmune diseases, there are major differences in the specificity of its autoantibodies. Here, we discuss how ER mechanisms modulate csGRP78 antigenicity and the production of autoantibodies, permitting this chaperone to function as a dual compartmentalized receptor with independent signaling pathways that promote either pro-proliferative or apoptotic signaling, depending on whether the autoantibodies bind csGRP78 N- or C-terminal regions.
Collapse
|
12
|
Iwamura H, Mizuno K, Akamatsu S, Hatakeyama S, Tobisawa Y, Narita S, Narita T, Yamashita S, Kawamura S, Sakurai T, Fujita N, Kodama H, Noro D, Kakizaki I, Nakaji S, Itoh K, Tsuchiya N, Ito A, Habuchi T, Ohyama C, Yoneyama T. Machine learning diagnosis by immunoglobulin N-glycan signature for precision diagnosis of urological diseases. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2434-2445. [PMID: 35524940 PMCID: PMC9277255 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of urological diseases is often difficult due to the lack of specific biomarkers. More powerful and less invasive biomarkers that can be used simultaneously to identify urological diseases could improve patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate a urological disease‐specific scoring system established with a machine learning (ML) approach using Ig N‐glycan signatures. Immunoglobulin N‐glycan signatures were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis from 1312 serum subjects with hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (n = 234), castration‐resistant prostate cancer (n = 94), renal cell carcinoma (n = 100), upper urinary tract urothelial cancer (n = 105), bladder cancer (n = 176), germ cell tumors (n = 73), benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 95), urosepsis (n = 145), and urinary tract infection (n = 21) as well as healthy volunteers (n = 269). Immunoglobulin N‐glycan signature data were used in a supervised‐ML model to establish a scoring system that gave the probability of the presence of a urological disease. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The supervised‐ML urologic disease‐specific scores clearly discriminated the urological diseases (AUC 0.78–1.00) and found a distinct N‐glycan pattern that contributed to detect each disease. Limitations included the retrospective and limited pathological information regarding urological diseases. The supervised‐ML urological disease‐specific scoring system based on Ig N‐glycan signatures showed excellent diagnostic ability for nine urological diseases using a one‐time serum collection and could be a promising approach for the diagnosis of urological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Iwamura
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kei Mizuno
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatakeyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Advanced blood purification therapy, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 036-8562, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Tobisawa
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shintaro Narita
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Takuma Narita
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamashita
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiko Sakurai
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujita
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hirotake Kodama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Noro
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ikuko Kakizaki
- Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Norihiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Advanced blood purification therapy, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 036-8562, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tohru Yoneyama
- Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Flevaris K, Kontoravdi C. Immunoglobulin G N-glycan Biomarkers for Autoimmune Diseases: Current State and a Glycoinformatics Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095180. [PMID: 35563570 PMCID: PMC9100869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective treatment of autoimmune disorders can greatly benefit from disease-specific biomarkers that are functionally involved in immune system regulation and can be collected through minimally invasive procedures. In this regard, human serum IgG N-glycans are promising for uncovering disease predisposition and monitoring progression, and for the identification of specific molecular targets for advanced therapies. In particular, the IgG N-glycome in diseased tissues is considered to be disease-dependent; thus, specific glycan structures may be involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases. This study provides a critical overview of the literature on human IgG N-glycomics, with a focus on the identification of disease-specific glycan alterations. In order to expedite the establishment of clinically-relevant N-glycan biomarkers, the employment of advanced computational tools for the interpretation of clinical data and their relationship with the underlying molecular mechanisms may be critical. Glycoinformatics tools, including artificial intelligence and systems glycobiology approaches, are reviewed for their potential to provide insight into patient stratification and disease etiology. Challenges in the integration of such glycoinformatics approaches in N-glycan biomarker research are critically discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Gimpel AK, Maccataio A, Unterweger H, Sokolova MV, Schett G, Steffen U. IgA Complexes Induce Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation More Potently Than IgG Complexes. Front Immunol 2022; 12:761816. [PMID: 35095840 PMCID: PMC8792984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is a powerful instrument to fight pathogens, but may induce collateral damage in the affected tissues. Besides pathogen-derived factors, immune complexes are potent inducers of NET formation. Neutrophils express IgA and IgG specific Fc receptors (FcRs) and therefore respond to complexed IgA and IgG. Especially in the context of autoimmune diseases, IgA and IgG immune complexes have been shown to trigger NET formation, a process that putatively contributes to disease severity. However, it is of question if both antibody classes stimulate neutrophils to the same extent. In this study, we compared the capability of IgA and IgG complexes formed by heat aggregation to induce NET formation. While stimulation of neutrophils with IgA complexes robustly induced NET formation, complexed IgG only marginally increased the amount of NETs compared to the unstimulated control. Mixing IgA with IgG before heat aggregation did not increase the effect of complexed IgA on neutrophils. By contrast, the presence of IgG complexes seemed to disturb neutrophil stimulation by IgA complexes. The capacity of complexed IgG to induce NET formation could not be increased by the addition of autologous serum or the removal of terminal sialic acid in the Fc glycan. Together, our data show that IgA is a much more potent inducer of NET formation than IgG. IgA may thus be the main driving force in (auto)immune complex-mediated NET formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Katharina Gimpel
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonio Maccataio
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Unterweger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria V Sokolova
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Steffen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Salazar IL, Lourenço AST, Manadas B, Baldeiras I, Ferreira C, Teixeira AC, Mendes VM, Novo AM, Machado R, Batista S, Macário MDC, Grãos M, Sousa L, Saraiva MJ, Pais AACC, Duarte CB. Posttranslational modifications of proteins are key features in the identification of CSF biomarkers of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:44. [PMID: 35135578 PMCID: PMC8822857 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelination and concomitant axonal loss. The lack of a single specific test, and the similarity to other inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, makes it difficult to have a clear diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Therefore, laboratory tests that allows a clear and definite diagnosis, as well as to predict the different clinical courses of the disease are of utmost importance. Herein, we compared the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome of patients with multiple sclerosis (in the relapse–remitting phase of the disease) and other diseases of the CNS (inflammatory and non-inflammatory) aiming at identifying reliable biomarkers of multiple sclerosis. Methods CSF samples from the discovery group were resolved by 2D-gel electrophoresis followed by identification of the protein spots by mass spectrometry. The results were analyzed using univariate (Student’s t test) and multivariate (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Linear Discriminant Analysis) statistical and numerical techniques, to identify a set of protein spots that were differentially expressed in CSF samples from patients with multiple sclerosis when compared with other two groups. Validation of the results was performed in samples from a different set of patients using quantitative (e.g., ELISA) and semi-quantitative (e.g., Western Blot) experimental approaches. Results Analysis of the 2D-gels showed 13 protein spots that were differentially expressed in the three groups of patients: Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, Prostaglandin-H2-isomerase, Retinol binding protein 4, Transthyretin (TTR), Apolipoprotein E, Gelsolin, Angiotensinogen, Agrin, Serum albumin, Myosin-15, Apolipoprotein B-100 and EF-hand calcium-binding domain—containing protein. ELISA experiments allowed validating part of the results obtained in the proteomics analysis and showed that some of the alterations in the CSF proteome are also mirrored in serum samples from multiple sclerosis patients. CSF of multiple sclerosis patients was characterized by TTR oligomerization, thus highlighting the importance of analyzing posttranslational modifications of the proteome in the identification of novel biomarkers of the disease. Conclusions The model built based on the results obtained upon analysis of the 2D-gels and in the validation phase attained an accuracy of about 80% in distinguishing multiple sclerosis patients and the other two groups. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02404-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan L Salazar
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana S T Lourenço
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Ferreira
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Claro Teixeira
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera M Mendes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Novo
- Neurology Department, CHUC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Machado
- Neurology Department, CHUC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia Batista
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Neurology Department, CHUC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria do Carmo Macário
- Neurology Department, CHUC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário Grãos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Biocant-Associação de Transferência de Tecnologia, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Lívia Sousa
- Neurology Department, CHUC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Saraiva
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto A C C Pais
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Treger RS, Fink SL. Beyond Titer: Expanding the Scope of Clinical Autoantibody Testing. J Appl Lab Med 2022; 7:99-113. [DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Autoantibodies that bind self-antigens are a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, but can also be present in healthy individuals. Clinical assays that detect and titer antigen-specific autoantibodies are an important component of the diagnosis and monitoring of autoimmune diseases. Autoantibodies may contribute to disease pathogenesis via effector functions that are dictated by both the antigen-binding site and constant domain.
Content
In this review, we discuss features of antibodies, in addition to antigen-binding specificity, which determine effector function. These features include class, subclass, allotype, and glycosylation. We discuss emerging data indicating that analysis of these antibody features may be informative for diagnosis and monitoring of autoimmune diseases. We also consider methodologies to interrogate these features and consider how they could be implemented in the clinical laboratory.
Summary
Future autoantibody assays may incorporate assessment of additional antibody features that contribute to autoimmune disease pathogenesis and provide added clinical value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Treger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan L Fink
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
de Haan N, Pučić-Baković M, Novokmet M, Falck D, Lageveen-Kammeijer G, Razdorov G, Vučković F, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Gornik O, Hanić M, Wuhrer M, Lauc G. OUP accepted manuscript. Glycobiology 2022; 32:651-663. [PMID: 35452121 PMCID: PMC9280525 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans expand the structural complexity of proteins by several orders of magnitude, resulting in a tremendous analytical challenge when including them in biomedical research. Recent glycobiological research is painting a picture in which glycans represent a crucial structural and functional component of the majority of proteins, with alternative glycosylation of proteins and lipids being an important regulatory mechanism in many biological and pathological processes. Since interindividual differences in glycosylation are extensive, large studies are needed to map the structures and to understand the role of glycosylation in human (patho)physiology. Driven by these challenges, methods have emerged, which can tackle the complexity of glycosylation in thousands of samples, also known as high-throughput (HT) glycomics. For facile dissemination and implementation of HT glycomics technology, the sample preparation, analysis, as well as data mining, need to be stable over a long period of time (months/years), amenable to automation, and available to non-specialized laboratories. Current HT glycomics methods mainly focus on protein N-glycosylation and allow to extensively characterize this subset of the human glycome in large numbers of various biological samples. The ultimate goal in HT glycomics is to gain better knowledge and understanding of the complete human glycome using methods that are easy to adapt and implement in (basic) biomedical research. Aiming to promote wider use and development of HT glycomics, here, we present currently available, emerging, and prospective methods and some of their applications, revealing a largely unexplored molecular layer of the complexity of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noortje de Haan
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3 Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Maja Pučić-Baković
- Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mislav Novokmet
- Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Guinevere Lageveen-Kammeijer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Genadij Razdorov
- Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Frano Vučković
- Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacica 1, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Maja Hanić
- Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Corresponding author: Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands. . Borongajska cesta 83h, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Corresponding author: Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands. . Borongajska cesta 83h, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wojcik I, Schmidt DE, de Neef LA, Rab MAE, Meek B, de Weerdt O, Wuhrer M, van der Schoot CE, Zwaginga JJ, de Haas M, Falck D, Vidarsson G. A functional spleen contributes to afucosylated IgG in humans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24045. [PMID: 34911982 PMCID: PMC8674363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a lymphoid organ, the spleen hosts a wide range of immune cell populations, which not only remove blood-borne antigens, but also generate and regulate antigen-specific immune responses. In particular, the splenic microenvironment has been demonstrated to play a prominent role in adaptive immune responses to enveloped viral infections and alloantigens. During both types of immunizations, antigen-specific immunoglobulins G (IgGs) have been characterized by the reduced amount of fucose present on N-linked glycans of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region. These glycans are essential for mediating the induction of immune effector functions. Therefore, we hypothesized that a spleen may modulate humoral responses and serve as a preferential site for afucosylated IgG responses, which potentially play a role in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) pathogenesis. To determine the role of the spleen in IgG-Fc glycosylation, we performed IgG subclass-specific liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of Fc glycosylation in a large cohort of individuals splenectomized due to trauma, due to ITP, or spherocytosis. IgG-Fc fucosylation was consistently increased after splenectomy, while no effects for IgG-Fc galactosylation and sialylation were observed. An increase in IgG1- and IgG2/3-Fc fucosylation level upon splenectomy has been reported here for the first time, suggesting that immune responses occurring in the spleen may be particularly prone to generate afucosylated IgG responses. Surprisingly, the level of total IgG-Fc fucosylation was decreased in ITP patients compared to healthy controls. Overall, our results suggest a yet unrecognized role of the spleen in either the induction or maintenance of afucosylated IgG responses by B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Wojcik
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - David E Schmidt
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa A de Neef
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Minke A E Rab
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory-Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Meek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Okke de Weerdt
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap J Zwaginga
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Immune Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Immune Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zlatina K, Galuska SP. Immunoglobulin Glycosylation - An Unexploited Potential for Immunomodulatory Strategies in Farm Animals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:753294. [PMID: 34733284 PMCID: PMC8558360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.753294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of antibodies, namely the identification and neutralization of pathogens, is mediated by their antigen binding site (Fab). In contrast, the subsequent signal transduction for activation of the immune system is mediated by the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region, which interacts with receptors or other components of the immune system, such as the complement system. This aspect of binding and interaction is more precise, readjusted by covalently attached glycan structures close to the hinge region of immunoglobulins (Ig). This fine-tuning of Ig and its actual state of knowledge is the topic of this review. It describes the function of glycosylation at Ig in general and the associated changes due to corresponding glycan structures. We discuss the functionality of IgG glycosylation during different physiological statuses, like aging, lactation and pathophysiological processes. Further, we point out what is known to date about Ig glycosylation in farm animals and how new achievements in vaccination may contribute to improved animal welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Zlatina
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Amini A, Aghabozorg Afjeh SS, Boshehri B, Hamednia S, Mashayekhi P, Omrani MD. The Relationship between rs534654 Polymorphism in TMEM165 Gene and Increased Risk of Bipolar Disorder Type 1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2021; 10:162-165. [PMID: 34703799 PMCID: PMC8496248 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.10.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major health care concern worldwide. There are some reports showing an association between genes and their variants involved in circadian rhythm; clock and clock related genes function and development of BD in patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of rs534654 variant on TMEM165 (transmembrane protein 165) gene with the risk of BD. Genotyping of the rs534654 was carried out using the tetra primers- amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (4P-ARMS-PCR) method in 203 patients with BD type 1 and their healthy and normal counterpart. The frequency of the G and A alleles of rs534654 polymorphism was 53% and 47%, respectively in patients. Genotype frequency in patients in comparison with control subjects was 5.4% vs 2.5% for the AA homozygous; 11.3% vs 80.8% for the GG homozygous; and 83.3% vs 16.7% for the heterozygous AG. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in frequencies between the control and patient groups (P = 0.001). Based on this finding, it is possible to conclude that the impairment in the rs534654 single nucleotide polymorphism in TMEM165 gene is associated with the risk of BD development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Behzad Boshehri
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Safar Hamednia
- Department of Psychiatry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bordt EA, Shook LL, Atyeo C, Pullen KM, De Guzman RM, Meinsohn MC, Chauvin M, Fischinger S, Yockey LJ, James K, Lima R, Yonker LM, Fasano A, Brigida S, Bebell LM, Roberts DJ, Pépin D, Huh JR, Bilbo SD, Li JZ, Kaimal A, Schust DJ, Gray KJ, Lauffenburger D, Alter G, Edlow AG. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits sexually dimorphic placental immune responses. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabi7428. [PMID: 34664987 PMCID: PMC8784281 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi7428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a persistent bias toward higher prevalence and increased severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in males. Underlying mechanisms accounting for this sex difference remain incompletely understood. Interferon responses have been implicated as a modulator of COVID-19 disease in adults and play a key role in the placental antiviral response. Moreover, the interferon response has been shown to alter Fc receptor expression and therefore may affect placental antibody transfer. Here, we examined the intersection of maternal-fetal antibody transfer, viral-induced placental interferon responses, and fetal sex in pregnant women infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Placental Fc receptor abundance, interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, and SARS-CoV-2 antibody transfer were interrogated in 68 human pregnancies. Sexually dimorphic expression of placental Fc receptors, ISGs and proteins, and interleukin-10 was observed after maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, with up-regulation of these features in placental tissue of pregnant individuals with male fetuses. Reduced maternal SARS-CoV-2–specific antibody titers and impaired placental antibody transfer were also observed in pregnancies with a male fetus. These results demonstrate fetal sex-specific maternal and placental adaptive and innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan A. Bordt
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lydia L. Shook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- PhD Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Krista M. Pullen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rose M. De Guzman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marie-Charlotte Meinsohn
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Maeva Chauvin
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Laura J. Yockey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kaitlyn James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rosiane Lima
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lael M. Yonker
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
| | - Sara Brigida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lisa M. Bebell
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Drucilla J. Roberts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David Pépin
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jun R. Huh
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Staci D. Bilbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anjali Kaimal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Danny J. Schust
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Kathryn J. Gray
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrea G. Edlow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Russell A, Wang W. The Rapidly Expanding Nexus of Immunoglobulin G N-Glycomics, Suboptimal Health Status, and Precision Medicine. EXPERIENTIA. SUPPLEMENTUM 2021; 112:545-564. [PMID: 34687022 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G is a prevalent glycoprotein, whose downstream immune responses are partially mediated by the N-glycans within the fragment crystallisable domain. Collectively termed the N-glycome, it is considered a complex intermediate phenotype: an amalgamation of genetic predisposition, environmental exposure, and health behaviours over the life-course. Thus, the immunoglobulin G N-glycome may provide an indication of health status on the spectrum from health to disease and infirmary. Although variability exists within and between populations, composition of the immunoglobulin G N-glycome remains stable over short periods of time. This underscores the potential of harnessing the immunoglobulin G N-glycome as an ideal tool for preclinical disease risk prediction, stratification, and prognosis through the development of precise dynamic biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyce Russell
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
van Osch TLJ, Nouta J, Derksen NIL, van Mierlo G, van der Schoot CE, Wuhrer M, Rispens T, Vidarsson G. Fc Galactosylation Promotes Hexamerization of Human IgG1, Leading to Enhanced Classical Complement Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1545-1554. [PMID: 34408013 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human IgG contains one evolutionarily conserved N-linked glycan in its Fc region at position 297. This glycan is crucial for Fc-mediated functions, including its induction of the classical complement cascade. This is induced after target recognition through the IgG-Fab regions, allowing neighboring IgG-Fc tails to associate through Fc:Fc interaction, ultimately leading to hexamer formation. This hexamerization seems crucial for IgG to enable efficient interaction with the globular heads of the first complement component C1q and subsequent complement activation. In this study, we show that galactose incorporated in the IgG1-Fc enhances C1q binding, C4, C3 deposition, and complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in human erythrocytes and Raji cells. IgG1-Fc sialylation slightly enhanced binding of C1q, but had little effect on downstream complement activation. Using various mutations that decrease or increase hexamerization capacity of IgG1, we show that IgG1-Fc galactosylation has no intrinsic effect on C1q binding to IgG1, but enhances IgG1 hexamerization potential and, thereby, complement activation. These data suggest that the therapeutic potential of Abs can be amplified without introducing immunogenic mutations, by relatively simple glycoengineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs L J van Osch
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Ninotska I L Derksen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard van Mierlo
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
McQuiston A, Emtiazjoo A, Angel P, Machuca T, Christie J, Atkinson C. Set Up for Failure: Pre-Existing Autoantibodies in Lung Transplant. Front Immunol 2021; 12:711102. [PMID: 34456920 PMCID: PMC8385565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.711102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung transplant patients have the lowest long-term survival rates compared to other solid organ transplants. The complications after lung transplantation such as primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and ultimately chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) are the main reasons for this limited survival. In recent years, lung-specific autoantibodies that recognize non-HLA antigens have been hypothesized to contribute to graft injury and have been correlated with PGD, CLAD, and survival. Mounting evidence suggests that autoantibodies can develop during pulmonary disease progression before lung transplant, termed pre-existing autoantibodies, and may participate in allograft injury after transplantation. In this review, we summarize what is known about pulmonary disease autoantibodies, the relationship between pre-existing autoantibodies and lung transplantation, and potential mechanisms through which pre-existing autoantibodies contribute to graft injury and rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander McQuiston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Amir Emtiazjoo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Peggi Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Tiago Machuca
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jason Christie
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Grace PS, Dolatshahi S, Lu LL, Cain A, Palmieri F, Petrone L, Fortune SM, Ottenhoff THM, Lauffenburger DA, Goletti D, Joosten SA, Alter G. Antibody Subclass and Glycosylation Shift Following Effective TB Treatment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679973. [PMID: 34290702 PMCID: PMC8287567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With an estimated 25% of the global population infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death by infectious diseases. Humoral immunity following TB treatment is largely uncharacterized, and antibody profiling could provide insights into disease resolution. Here we focused on the distinctive TB-specific serum antibody features in active TB disease (ATB) and compared them with latent TB infection (LTBI) or treated ATB (txATB). As expected, di-galactosylated glycan structures (lacking sialic acid) found on IgG-Fc differentiated LTBI from ATB, but also discriminated txATB from ATB. Moreover, TB-specific IgG4 emerged as a novel antibody feature that correlated with active disease, elevated in ATB, but significantly diminished after therapy. These findings highlight 2 novel TB-specific antibody changes that track with the resolution of TB and may provide key insights to guide TB therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S. Grace
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sepideh Dolatshahi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Lenette L. Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Adam Cain
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Petrone
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS (INMI) L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah M. Fortune
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Disease, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Douglas A. Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Delia Goletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS (INMI) L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Disease, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Harvey DJ. ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCOCONJUGATES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: AN UPDATE FOR 2015-2016. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:408-565. [PMID: 33725404 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2016. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented over 30 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show no sign of deminishing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ip PP, Li Q, Lin WH, Chang CC, Fann CSJ, Chen HY, Liu FT, Lebrilla CB, Yang CC, Liao F. Analysis of site-specific glycan profiles of serum proteins in patients with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder - a pilot study. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1230-1238. [PMID: 34132764 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is important for biological functions of proteins and greatly affected by diseases. Exploring the glycosylation profile of the protein-specific glycosylation and/or the site-specific glycosylation may help understand disease etiology, differentiate diseases, and ultimately develop therapeutics. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are sometimes difficult to differentiate due to the similarity in their clinical symptoms. The disease-related glycosylation profiles of MS and NMOSD have not yet been well studied. Here, we analyzed site-specific glycan profiles of serum proteins of these patients by using a recently developed mass spectrometry technique. A total of 286 glycopeptides from 49 serum glycoproteins were quantified and compared between healthy controls (n = 6), remitting MS (n = 45) and remitting NMOSD (n = 23) patients. Significant differences in the levels of site-specific N-glycans on inflammation-associated components [IgM, IgG1, IgG2, complement components 8b (CO8B), attractin], central nerve system-damage-related serum proteins [apolipoprotein D (APOD), alpha-1-antitrypsin, plasma kallikrein and ADAMTS-like protein 3] were observed among three study groups. We furthered demonstrated that site-specific N-glycans on APOD on site 98, CO8B on sites 243 and 553 are potential markers to differentiate MS from NMOSD with an area under receiver operating curve value greater than 0.75. All these observations indicate that remitting MS or NMOSD patients possess a unique disease-associated glyco-signature in their serum proteins. We conclude that monitoring one's serum protein glycan profile using this high-throughput analysis may provide an additional diagnostic criterion for differentiating diseases, monitoring disease status and estimating response-to-treatment effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng Ip
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Qiongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Wei-Han Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Chih-Chao Yang
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Geyer CE, Mes L, Newling M, den Dunnen J, Hoepel W. Physiological and Pathological Inflammation Induced by Antibodies and Pentraxins. Cells 2021; 10:1175. [PMID: 34065953 PMCID: PMC8150799 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a key role in induction of inflammatory responses. These inflammatory responses are mostly considered to be instigated by activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) or cytokine receptors. However, recently it has become clear that also antibodies and pentraxins, which can both activate Fc receptors (FcRs), induce very powerful inflammatory responses by macrophages that can even be an order of magnitude greater than PRRs. While the physiological function of this antibody-dependent inflammation (ADI) is to counteract infections, undesired activation or over-activation of this mechanism will lead to pathology, as observed in a variety of disorders, including viral infections such as COVID-19, chronic inflammatory disorders such as Crohn's disease, and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In this review we discuss how physiological ADI provides host defense by inducing pathogen-specific immunity, and how erroneous activation of this mechanism leads to pathology. Moreover, we will provide an overview of the currently known signaling and metabolic pathways that underlie ADI, and how these can be targeted to counteract pathological inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Elisabeth Geyer
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lynn Mes
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa Newling
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willianne Hoepel
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li D, Lou Y, Zhang Y, Liu S, Li J, Tao J. Sialylated immunoglobulin G: a promising diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5430-5446. [PMID: 33859756 PMCID: PMC8039950 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunoglobulin G (IgG), especially autoantibodies, has major implications for the diagnosis and management of a wide range of autoimmune diseases. However, some healthy individuals also have autoantibodies, while a portion of patients with autoimmune diseases test negative for serologic autoantibodies. Recent advances in glycomics have shown that IgG Fc N-glycosylations are more reliable diagnostic and monitoring biomarkers than total IgG autoantibodies in a wide variety of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, these N-glycosylations of IgG Fc, particularly sialylation, have been reported to exert significant anti-inflammatory effects by upregulating inhibitory FcγRIIb on effector macrophages and reducing the affinity of IgG for either complement protein or activating Fc gamma receptors. Therefore, sialylated IgG is a potential therapeutic strategy for attenuating pathogenic autoimmunity. IgG sialylation-based therapies for autoimmune diseases generated through genetic, metabolic or chemoenzymatic modifications have made some advances in both preclinical studies and clinical trials.
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu MM, Zhou MT, Li SW, Zhen XC, Yang S. Glycoproteins as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases: A glycoproteomic approach. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1308-1324. [PMID: 33634546 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are incurable and can develop progressively debilitating disorders, including dementia and ataxias. Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are the most common NDs that mainly affect the elderly people. There is an urgent need to develop new diagnostic tools so that patients can be accurately stratified at an early stage. As a common post-translational modification, protein glycosylation plays a key role in physiological and pathological processes. The abnormal changes in glycosylation are associated with the altered biological pathways in NDs. The pathogenesis-related proteins, like amyloid-β and microtubule-associated protein tau, have altered glycosylation. Importantly, specific glycosylation changes in cerebrospinal fluid, blood and urine are valuable for revealing neurodegeneration in the early stages. This review describes the emerging biomarkers based on glycoproteomics in NDs, highlighting the potential applications of glycoprotein biomarkers in the early detection of diseases, monitoring of the disease progression, and measurement of the therapeutic responses. The mass spectrometry-based strategies for characterizing glycoprotein biomarkers are also introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Xu
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Shu-Wei Li
- Nanjing Apollomics Biotech, Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Chu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Damelang T, Aitken EH, Hasang W, Lopez E, Killian M, Unger HW, Salanti A, Shub A, McCarthy E, Kedzierska K, Lappas M, Kent SJ, Rogerson SJ, Chung AW. Antibody mediated activation of natural killer cells in malaria exposed pregnant women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4130. [PMID: 33602987 PMCID: PMC7893158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune effector responses against Plasmodium falciparum include antibody-mediated activation of innate immune cells, which can induce Fc effector functions, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. These effector functions are regulated by the composition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc N-linked glycans. However, a role for antibody-mediated natural killer (NK) cells activation or Fc N-linked glycans in pregnant women with malaria has not yet been established. Herein, we studied the capacity of IgG antibodies from pregnant women, with placental malaria or non-placental malaria, to induce NK cell activation in response to placental malaria-associated antigens DBL2 and DBL3. Antibody-mediated NK cell activation was observed in pregnant women with malaria, but no differences were associated with susceptibility to placental malaria. Elevated anti-inflammatory glycosylation patterns of IgG antibodies were observed in pregnant women with or without malaria infection, which were not seen in healthy non-pregnant controls. This suggests that pregnancy-associated anti-inflammatory Fc N-linked glycans may dampen the antibody-mediated activation of NK cells in pregnant women with malaria infection. Overall, although anti-inflammatory glycans and antibody-dependent NK cell activation were detected in pregnant women with malaria, a definitive role for these antibody features in protecting against placental malaria remains to be proven.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H Aitken
- Department of Medicine, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wina Hasang
- Department of Medicine, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin Killian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Groupe sur l'Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Holger W Unger
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Ali Salanti
- Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexis Shub
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kodama H, Yoneyama T, Tanaka T, Noro D, Tobisawa Y, Yamamoto H, Suto S, Hatakeyama S, Mori K, Yoneyama T, Hashimoto Y, Kakizaki I, Nakaji S, Ohyama C. N-glycan signature of serum immunoglobulins as a diagnostic biomarker of urothelial carcinomas. Cancer Med 2021; 10:1297-1313. [PMID: 33455069 PMCID: PMC7926015 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Discriminating between urothelial carcinoma (UC), including bladder cancer (BCa) and upper urinary tract UC (UTUC), is often challenging. Thus, the current study evaluated the diagnostic performance of N-glycosylation signatures of immunoglobulins (Igs) for detecting UC, including BCa and UTUC. N-glycosylation signatures of Igs from serum samples of the training cohort, including 104 BCa, 68 UTUC, 10 urinary tract infection, and 5 cystitis cases, as well as 62 healthy volunteers, were measured retrospectively using automated capillary-electrophoresis-based N-glycomics. UTUC or BCa scores were then established through discriminant analysis using N-glycan signatures of Igs. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using the area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and decision curve analyses (DCA). Our result showed that BCa and UTUC scores for discriminating BCa (AUC: 0.977) and UTUC (AUC: 0.867), respectively, provided significantly better clinical performance compared to urine cytology, gross hematuria, or clinical T1 cases. DCA revealed that adding BCa and UTUC scores to gross hematuria status was the best combination for detecting UC and avoiding the need for more intervention without overlooking UC (risk threshold: 13%-93%). The UC nomogram based on the combination of gross hematuria, UTUC score, and BCa score could detect UC with an AUC of 0.891, indicating significantly better performance compared to gross hematuria status in the validation cohort (251 patients). The limitations of this study include its small sample size and retrospective nature. The UC nomogram based on gross hematuria and N-glycosylation signatures of Igs can be a promising approach for the diagnosis of UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Kodama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tohru Yoneyama
- Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Noro
- Department of Urology, Mutsu General Hospital, Mutsu, Japan
| | - Yuki Tobisawa
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Suto
- Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatakeyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Mori
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoneyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ikuko Kakizaki
- Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang J, Huang C, Zhou J, Zhao K, Li Y. Causal link between immunoglobulin G glycosylation and cancer: A potential glycobiomarker for early tumor detection. Cell Immunol 2021; 361:104282. [PMID: 33453507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Changes in immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycan structures are currently believed to closely related to the emergence of cancer. In this review, we summarize the current body of evidence suggesting that differences in serum IgG glycosylation patterns correspond to changes in multiple types of cancer. Modifications include IgG terminal N-link galactosylation, IgG core fucosylation, IgG terminal sialylation, and IgG terminal bisecting N-acetylglucosamine. IgG N-glycomic alterations represent promising novel biomarkers for non-invasive-cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and progression monitoring; they are characterized by high sensitivity and specificity, compensating for previously identified glycobiomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuncui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Keli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Choo J, Heo G, Pothoulakis C, Im E. Posttranslational modifications as therapeutic targets for intestinal disorders. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105412. [PMID: 33412276 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A variety of biological processes are regulated by posttranslational modifications. Posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, and proteolytic cleavage, control diverse physiological functions in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a better understanding of their implications in intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and colorectal cancer would provide a basis for the identification of novel biomarkers as well as attractive therapeutic targets. Posttranslational modifications can be common denominators, as well as distinct biomarkers, characterizing pathological differences of various intestinal diseases. This review provides experimental evidence that identifies changes in posttranslational modifications from patient samples, primary cells, or cell lines in intestinal disorders, and a summary of carefully selected information on the use of pharmacological modulators of protein modifications as therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Choo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangbeom Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Section of Inflammatory Bowel Disease & Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Eunok Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ząbczyńska M, Link-Lenczowski P, Pocheć E. Glycosylation in Autoimmune Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:205-218. [PMID: 34495537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are accompanied by changes in protein glycosylation, in both the immune system and target tissues. The best-studied alteration in autoimmunity is agalactosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG), characterized primarily in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and then detected also in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The rebuilding of IgG N-glycans in RA correlates with the relapses and remissions of the disease, is associated with physiological states such as pregnancy but also depends on applied anti-inflammatory therapy. In turn, a decreased core fucosylation of the whole pool of IgG N-glycans is a serum glycomarker in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) encompassing Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Grave's disease (GD). However, fucosylation of anti-thyroglobulin IgG (an immunological marker of HT) was elevated in HT serum. Core fucosylation of IgG oligosaccharides was also lowered in MS and SLE. In AITD and IBD, chronic inflammation T lymphocytes showed the reduced expression of MGAT5 gene encoding β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) responsible for β1,6-branching of N-glycans, which is important for T cell receptor activation. Structural changes of glycans have a profound effect on the pro-inflammatory activity of immune cells and serum immune proteins, including IgG in autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ząbczyńska
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Link-Lenczowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Pocheć
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dall'Olio F, Malagolini N. Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation Changes in Aging and Other Inflammatory Conditions. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:303-340. [PMID: 34687015 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the multiple roles played by protein glycosylation, the fine regulation of biological interactions is one of the most important. The asparagine 297 (Asn297) of IgG heavy chains is decorated by a diantennary glycan bearing a number of galactose and sialic acid residues on the branches ranging from 0 to 2. In addition, the structure can present core-linked fucose and/or a bisecting GlcNAc. In many inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, as well as in metabolic, cardiovascular, infectious, and neoplastic diseases, the IgG Asn297-linked glycan becomes less sialylated and less galactosylated, leading to increased expression of glycans terminating with GlcNAc. These conditions alter also the presence of core-fucose and bisecting GlcNAc. Importantly, similar glycomic alterations are observed in aging. The common condition, shared by the above-mentioned pathological conditions and aging, is a low-grade, chronic, asymptomatic inflammatory state which, in the case of aging, is known as inflammaging. Glycomic alterations associated with inflammatory diseases often precede disease onset and follow remission. The aberrantly glycosylated IgG glycans associated with inflammation and aging can sustain inflammation through different mechanisms, fueling a vicious loop. These include complement activation, Fcγ receptor binding, binding to lectin receptors on antigen-presenting cells, and autoantibody reactivity. The complex molecular bases of the glycomic changes associated with inflammation and aging are still poorly understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
den Dunnen J, Mes L, Hoepel W, Smolders J. Multiple sclerosis: why we should focus on both sides of the (auto)antibody. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2422-2424. [PMID: 33907027 PMCID: PMC8374557 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.313045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen den Dunnen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lynn Mes
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; Department of Experimental Immunology; Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willianne Hoepel
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Smolders
- Neuroimmunology Research group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam; MS Center ErasMS, Departments of Neurology and Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sehic E, Westerlund A, Lagerquist MK, Lerner UH, Carlsten H, Henning P, Engdahl C. Immunoglobulin G complexes without sialic acids enhance osteoclastogenesis but do not affect arthritis-mediated bone loss. Scand J Immunol 2020; 93:e13009. [PMID: 33320370 PMCID: PMC8243958 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is important in clearance and recognition of previously presented antigens and after activation, IgGs can interact with the Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) on haematopoietic cells, including bone‐resorbing osteoclasts. The pathogenicity of IgG, that is the ability to elicit stimulatory effects via FcγRs, can be modulated by attachment of sugar moieties, including sialic acids. Human IgGs and autoantibodies are associated with bone loss in autoimmune disease. However, the impact of polyclonal murine IgG via FcγRs on bone loss is poorly understood. Here, we investigate if heat‐aggregated activated murine polyclonal IgG complexes have any direct effects on murine osteoclasts and if they modulate arthritis‐mediated bone loss. Using cell cultures of murine osteoclasts, we show that IgG complexes without sialic acids (de‐IgG complexes) enhance receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐Β ligand (RANKL)‐stimulated osteoclastogenesis, an effect associated with increased FcγRIII expression. Using an in vivo model of arthritis‐mediated bone loss, where IgG complexes were injected into arthritic knees, no effect on the severity of arthritis or the degree of arthritis‐mediated bone loss was detected. Interestingly, injection of de‐IgG complexes into non‐arthritic knees increased osteoclast formation and enhanced bone erosions. Our findings show that activated de‐IgG complexes have no additive effect on arthritis‐mediated bone loss. However, de‐IgG complexes potentiate murine osteoclastogenesis and enhance local bone erosion in non‐arthritic bones, further confirming the link between the adaptive immune system and bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edina Sehic
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Westerlund
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie K Lagerquist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf H Lerner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Carlsten
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Henning
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cobb BA. The history of IgG glycosylation and where we are now. Glycobiology 2020; 30:202-213. [PMID: 31504525 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG glycosylation is currently at the forefront of both immunology and glycobiology, likely due in part to the widespread and growing use of antibodies as drugs. For over four decades, it has been recognized that the conserved N-linked glycan on asparagine 297 found within the second Ig domain of the heavy chain (CH2) that helps to comprise Fc region of IgG plays a special role in IgG structure and function. Changes in galactosylation, fucosylation and sialylation are now well-established factors, which drive differential IgG function, ranging from inhibitory/anti-inflammatory to activating complement and promoting antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Thus, if we are to truly understand how to design and deploy antibody-based drugs with maximal efficacy and evaluate proper vaccine responses from a protective and functional perspective, a deep understanding of IgG glycosylation is essential. This article is intended to provide a comprehensive review of the IgG glycosylation field and the impact glycans have on IgG function, beginning with the earliest findings over 40 years ago, in order to provide a robust foundation for moving forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Cobb
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Glycosylation Alterations in Multiple Sclerosis Show Increased Proinflammatory Potential. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100410. [PMID: 33065977 PMCID: PMC7599553 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system (CNS), with unresolved aetiology. Previous studies have implicated N-glycosylation, a highly regulated enzymatic attachment of complex sugars to targeted proteins, in MS pathogenesis. We investigated individual variation in N-glycosylation of the total plasma proteome and of IgG in MS. Both plasma protein and IgG N-glycans were chromatographically profiled and quantified in 83 MS cases and 88 age- and sex-matched controls. Comparing levels of glycosylation features between MS cases and controls revealed that core fucosylation (p = 6.96 × 10-3) and abundance of high-mannose structures (p = 1.48 × 10-2) were the most prominently altered IgG glycosylation traits. Significant changes in plasma protein N-glycome composition were observed for antennary fucosylated, tri- and tetrasialylated, tri- and tetragalactosylated, high-branched N-glycans (p-value range 1.66 × 10-2-4.28 × 10-2). Classification performance of N-glycans was examined by ROC curve analysis, resulting in an AUC of 0.852 for the total plasma N-glycome and 0.798 for IgG N-glycome prediction models. Our results indicate that multiple aspects of protein glycosylation are altered in MS, showing increased proinflammatory potential. N-glycan alterations showed substantial value in classification of the disease status, nonetheless, additional studies are warranted to explore their exact role in MS development and utility as biomarkers.
Collapse
|
41
|
N-glycans as functional effectors of genetic and epigenetic disease risk. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 79:100891. [PMID: 32861467 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation is a frequent modification of proteins, essential for all domains of life. N-glycan biosynthesis is a dynamic, complex, non-templated process, wherein specific glycoforms are modulated by various microenvironmental cues, cellular signals and local availability of dedicated enzymes and sugar precursors. This intricate regulatory network comprises hundreds of proteins, whose activity is dependent on both sequence of implicated genes and the regulation of their expression. In this regard, variation in N-glycosylation patterns stems from either gene polymorphisms or from stable epigenetic regulation of gene expression in different individuals. Moreover, epigenome alters in response to various environmental factors, representing a direct link between environmental exposure and changes in gene expression, that are subsequently reflected through altered N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation itself has a fundamental role in numerous biological processes, ranging from protein folding, cellular homeostasis, adhesion and immune regulation, to the effector functions in multiple diseases. Moreover, specific modification of the glycan structure can modulate glycoprotein's biological function or direct the faith of the entire cell, as seen on the examples of antibodies and T cells, respectively. Since immunoglobulin G is one of the most profoundly studied glycoproteins in general, the focus of this review will be on its N-glycosylation changes and their functional implications. By deepening the knowledge on the mechanistic roles that certain glycoforms exert in differential pathological processes, valuable insight into molecular perturbations occurring during disease development could be obtained. The prospect of resolving the exact biological pathways involved offers a potential for the development of new therapeutic interventions and molecular tools that would aid in prognosis, early referral and timely treatment of multiple disease conditions.
Collapse
|
42
|
Komaromy A, Reider B, Jarvas G, Guttman A. Glycoprotein biomarkers and analysis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer with special focus on serum immunoglobulin G. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:204-213. [PMID: 32243984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are two major diseases of the lung with high rate of mortality, mostly among tobacco smokers. The glycosylation patterns of various plasma proteins show significant changes in COPD and subsequent hypoxia, inflammation and lung cancer, providing promising opportunities for screening aberrant glycan structures contribute to early detection of both diseases. Glycoproteins associated with COPD and lung cancer consist of highly sialylated N-glycans, which play an important role in inflammation whereby hypoxia leads to accumulation of sialyl Lewis A and X glycans. Although COPD is an inflammatory disease, it is an independent risk factor for lung cancer. Marked decrease in galactosylation of plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) together with increased presence of sialic acids and more complex highly branched N-glycan structures are characteristic for COPD and lung cancer. Numerous glycan biomarkers have been discovered, and analysis of glycovariants associated with COPD and lung cancer has been carried out. In this paper we review fundamental glycosylation changes in COPD and lung cancer glycoproteins, focusing on IgG to provide an opportunity to distinguish between the two diseases at the glycoprotein level with diagnostic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andras Komaromy
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem 8200, Hungary
| | - Balazs Reider
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem 8200, Hungary
| | - Gabor Jarvas
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem 8200, Hungary; Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Krt, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
| | - Andras Guttman
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem 8200, Hungary; Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Krt, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Profiling of Naturally Occurring Antibodies to the Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen in Health and Cancer: The Diversity and Clinical Potential. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9747040. [PMID: 32280709 PMCID: PMC7128052 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9747040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen is expressed in a majority of human tumors due to aberrant glycosylation in cancer cells. There is strong evidence that humoral immune response to TF represents an effective mechanism for the elimination of cancer cells that express TF-positive glycoconjugates. The presence of naturally occurring antibodies to tumor-associated TF and cancer-specific changes in their levels, isotype distribution and interrelation, avidity, and glycosylation profile make these Abs a convenient and ubiquitous marker for cancer diagnostics and prognostics. In this review, we attempt to summarize the latest data on the potential of TF-specific Abs for cancer diagnostics and prognostics.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abberant Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation in Rheumatoid Arthritis by LTQ-ESI-MS. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062045. [PMID: 32192063 PMCID: PMC7139372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation has been observed in many autoimmune diseases. For example, aberrant glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. The aim of this study is to investigate IgG glycosylation and whether there is an association with rheumatoid factor levels in the serum of RA patients. We detected permethylated N-glycans of the IgG obtained in serum from 44 RA patients and 30 healthy controls using linear ion-trap electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LTQ-ESI-MS), a highly sensitive and efficient approach in the detection and identification of N-glycans profiles. IgG N-glycosylation and rheumatoid factor levels were compared in healthy controls and RA patients. Our results suggested that total IgG purified from serum of RA patients shows significantly lower galactosylation (p = 0.0012), lower sialylation (p < 0.0001) and higher fucosylation (p = 0.0063) levels compared with healthy controls. We observed a positive correlation between aberrant N-glycosylation and rheumatoid factor level in the RA patients. In conclusion, we identified aberrant glycosylation of IgG in the serum of RA patients and its association with elevated levels of rheumatoid factor.
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu S, Fu Y, Huang Z, Liu Y, Liu BF, Cheng L, Liu X. A comprehensive analysis of subclass-specific IgG glycosylation in colorectal cancer progression by nanoLC-MS/MS. Analyst 2020; 145:3136-3147. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is associated with changed IgG glycosylation, but the alteration in specific subclasses of IgG is unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory
- Systems Biology Theme
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Yang Fu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory
- Systems Biology Theme
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Zhiwen Huang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory
- Systems Biology Theme
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory
- Systems Biology Theme
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory
- Systems Biology Theme
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Tongji Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- Huzhong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Xin Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory
- Systems Biology Theme
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Glycosylation of IgG Fc domains is a central mechanism in the diversification of antibody function. Modifications to the core Fc glycan impact antibody function by shifting the balance of Type I and Type II Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) that will be engaged by immune complexes. This, in turn, modulates the effector cells and functions that can be recruited during immune activation. Critically, humans have evolved to regulate Fc glycan modifications for immune homeostasis. Dysregulation in Fc glycan modifications can lead to loss of immune tolerance, symptomatic autoimmunity, and susceptibility to infectious diseases. Here, we discuss IgG Fc glycosylation and its role in human health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taia T Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Singh V, Tripathi A, Dutta R. Proteomic Approaches to Decipher Mechanisms Underlying Pathogenesis in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800335. [PMID: 31119864 PMCID: PMC6690771 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The cause of MS is unknown, with no effective therapies available to halt the progressive neurological disability. Development of new and improvement of existing therapeutic strategies therefore require a better understanding of MS pathogenesis, especially during the progressive phase of the disease. This can be achieved through development of biomarkers that can help to identify disease pathophysiology and monitor disease progression. Proteomics is a powerful and promising tool to accelerate biomarker detection and contribute to novel therapeutics. In this review, an overview of how proteomic technology using CNS tissues and biofluids from MS patients has provided important clues to the pathogenesis of MS is provided. Current publications, pitfalls, as well as directions of future research involving proteomic approaches to understand the pathogenesis of MS are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Singh
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Ajai Tripathi
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Marti Fernandez I, Macrini C, Krumbholz M, Hensbergen PJ, Hipgrave Ederveen AL, Winklmeier S, Vural A, Kurne A, Jenne D, Kamp F, Gerdes LA, Hohlfeld R, Wuhrer M, Kümpfel T, Meinl E. The Glycosylation Site of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Affects Autoantibody Recognition in a Large Proportion of Patients. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1189. [PMID: 31244828 PMCID: PMC6579858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies to myelin oligodendrocytes glycoprotein (MOG) are found in a fraction of patients with inflammatory demyelination and are detected with MOG-transfected cells. While the prototype anti-MOG mAb 8-18C5 and polyclonal anti-MOG responses from different mouse strains largely recognize the FG loop of MOG, the human anti-MOG response is more heterogeneous and human MOG-Abs recognizing different epitopes were found to be pathogenic. The aim of this study was to get further insight into details of antigen-recognition by human MOG-Abs focusing on the impact of glycosylation. MOG has one known N-glycosylation site at N31 located in the BC loop linking two beta-sheets. We compared the reactivity to wild type MOG with that toward two different mutants in which the neutral asparagine of N31 was mutated to negatively charged aspartate or to the neutral alanine. We found that around 60% of all patients (16/27) showed an altered reactivity to one or both of the mutations. We noted seven different patterns of recognition of the two glycosylation-deficient mutants by different patients. The introduced negative charge at N31 enhanced recognition in some, but reduced recognition in other patients. In 7/27 patients the neutral glycosylation-deficient mutant was recognized stronger. The folding of the extracellular domain of MOG with the formation of beta-sheets did not depend on its glycosylation as seen by circular dichroism. We determined the glycan structure of MOG produced in HEK cells by mass spectrometry. The most abundant glycoforms of MOG expressed in HEK cells are diantennary, contain a core fucose, an antennary fucose, and are decorated with α2,6 linked Neu5Ac, while details of the glycoforms of MOG in myelin remain to be identified. Together, we (1) increase the knowledge about heterogeneity of human autoantibodies to MOG, (2) show that the BC loop affects recognition in about 60% of the patients, (3) report that all patients recognized the unglycosylated protein backbone, while (4) in about 20% of the patients the attached sugar reduces autoantibody binding presumably via steric hindrance. Thus, a neutral glycosylation-deficient mutant of MOG might enhance the sensitivity to identify MOG-Abs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Marti Fernandez
- Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Caterina Macrini
- Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Krumbholz
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul J Hensbergen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Stephan Winklmeier
- Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Atay Vural
- Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Kurne
- Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dieter Jenne
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg, Germany
| | - Frits Kamp
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Metabolic Biochemistry, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Ann Gerdes
- Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Costa J, Streich L, Pinto S, Pronto-Laborinho A, Nimtz M, Conradt HS, de Carvalho M. Exploring Cerebrospinal Fluid IgG N-Glycosylation as Potential Biomarker for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5729-5739. [PMID: 30674035 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease for which the existing candidate biomarkers (neurofilaments) have low specificity. Changes in blood IgG N-glycosylation have been observed in several diseases, including ALS, whereas cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgG has been less studied. Here, we characterized N-glycans of CSF IgG from ALS patients in comparison with a control group of other neurological diseases. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from patients with ALS (n = 26) and other neurological diseases (n = 10). N-Glycans were released from CSF purified IgG with peptide N-glycosidase F, labeled with 2-aminobenzamide and analyzed by NP-HPLC chromatography in combination with exoglycosidase digestion and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The N-glycosylation profile of ALS CSF IgG consisted of diantennary N-glycans predominantly with proximal fucose and some bisecting GlcNAc; agalacto-, mono-, and digalactosylated as well as α2,6-sialylated structures were detected. Differences between ALS and control patients were observed; most relevant was the increase in ALS CSF IgG of the level of galactosylated structures defined here as Gal-index (median 46.87 and 40.50% for ALS and controls, respectively; p = 0.006). The predictive value of the Gal-index (AUC = 0.792, p = 0.007) considering ROC analysis had potential utility as a diagnostic test for ALS and was comparable to that of phosphoneurofilament heavy chain (AUC = 0.777, p = 0.011), which was used as benchmark marker for our group of patients. The results provide the basis to further explore the potential of IgG N-glycan galactosylation as biomarker for ALS by using larger cohorts of patients and controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Costa
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Linda Streich
- GlycoThera GmbH, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 35, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susana Pinto
- Institute of Physiology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular-Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Pronto-Laborinho
- Institute of Physiology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular-Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Harald S Conradt
- GlycoThera GmbH, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 35, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Institute of Physiology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular-Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Brückner C, Lehmann C, Dudziak D, Nimmerjahn F. Sweet SIGNs: IgG glycosylation leads the way in IVIG-mediated resolution of inflammation. Int Immunol 2019; 29:499-509. [PMID: 29300958 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of many chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is that there is an impaired resolution of inflammation and return to the steady state. The infusion of high doses of pooled serum IgG preparations from thousands of donors [intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy] has been shown to induce resolution of inflammation in a variety of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, suggesting that IgG molecules can instruct the immune system to stop inflammatory processes and initiate the return to the steady state. The aim of this review is to discuss how insights into the mechanism of IVIG activity may help to understand the molecular and cellular pathways underlying resolution of inflammation. We will put a special emphasis on pathways dependent on the IgG FC domain and IgG sialylation, as several recent studies have provided new insights into how this glycosylation-dependent pathway modulates innate and adaptive immune responses through different sets of C-type or I-type lectins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christin Brückner
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|