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Das UN. The Dysregulation of Essential Fatty Acid (EFA) Metabolism May Be a Factor in the Pathogenesis of Sepsis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:934. [PMID: 38929553 PMCID: PMC11205989 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
I propose that a deficiency of essential fatty acids (EFAs) and an alteration in their (EFAs) metabolism could be a major factor in the pathogenesis of sepsis and sepsis-related mortality. The failure of corticosteroids, anti-TNF-α, and anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibodies can be attributed to this altered EFA metabolism in sepsis. Vitamin C; folic acid; and vitamin B1, B6, and B12 serve as co-factors necessary for the activity of desaturase enzymes that are the rate-limiting steps in the metabolism of EFAs. The altered metabolism of EFAs results in an imbalance in the production and activities of pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids and cytokines resulting in both hyperimmune and hypoimmune responses seen in sepsis. This implies that restoring the metabolism of EFAs to normal may form a newer therapeutic approach both in the prevention and management of sepsis and other critical illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N. Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2221 NW 5th St., Battle Ground, WA 98604, USA; ; Tel.: +1-508-904-5376
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502285, India
- Department of Medicine, Omega Hospitals, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, India
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2
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Rodrigues-Diez R, Ballesteros-Martinez C, Moreno-Carriles RM, Nistal F, Díaz Del Campo LS, Cachofeiro V, Dalli J, García-Redondo AB, Redondo JM, Salaices M, Briones AM. Resolvin D2 prevents vascular remodeling, hypercontractility and endothelial dysfunction in obese hypertensive mice through modulation of vascular and proinflammatory factors. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116564. [PMID: 38608525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
During resolution of inflammation, specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), including resolvins, are produced to restore tissue homeostasis. We hypothesized that there might be a dysregulation of SPMs pathways in pathological vascular remodeling and that resolvin D2 (RvD2) might prevent vascular remodeling and contractile and endothelial dysfunction in a model of obesity and hypertension. In aortic samples of patients with or without abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), we evaluated gene expression of enzymes involved in SPMs synthesis (ALOXs), SPMs receptors and pro-inflammatory genes. In an experimental model of aortic dilation induced by high fat diet (HFD, 60%, eighteen weeks) and angiotensin II (AngII) infusion (four weeks), we studied the effect of RvD2 administration in aorta and small mesenteric arteries structure and function and markers of inflammation. In human macrophages we evaluated the effects of AngII and RvD2 in macrophages function and SPMs profile. In patients, we found positive correlations between AAA and obesity, and between AAA and expression of ALOX15, RvD2 receptor GPR18, and pro-inflammatory genes. There was an inverse correlation between the expression of aortic ALOX15 and AAA growth rate. In the mice model, RvD2 partially prevented the HFD plus AngII-induced obesity and adipose tissue inflammation, hypertension, aortic and mesenteric arteries remodeling, hypercontratility and endothelial dysfunction, and the expression of vascular proinflammatory markers and cell apoptosis. In human macrophages, RvD2 prevented AngII-induced impaired efferocytosis and switched SPMs profile. RvD2 might represent a novel protective strategy in preventing vascular damage associated to hypertension and obesity likely through effects in vascular and immune cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Humans
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/pharmacology
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Mice
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Angiotensin II
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/drug therapy
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Mice, Obese
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rodrigues-Diez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Constanza Ballesteros-Martinez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Nistal
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Spain; Cirugía Cardiovascular. Hospital Universitario "Marqués de Valdecilla", IDIVAL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Lucía S Díaz Del Campo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Spain
| | - Victoria Cachofeiro
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana B García-Redondo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Redondo
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Spain; Grupo de Regulación Génica en remodelado cardiovascular e inflamación, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; Cell-cell communication & inflammation unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Spain
| | - Ana M Briones
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Spain.
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3
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Corporeau C, Le Foll C, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Le Stunff H, Mithieux G, Magnan C, Delarue J. Fish oil minimises feed intake and improves insulin sensitivity in Zucker fa/fa rats. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:749-761. [PMID: 37877265 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA) prevent, in rodents, insulin resistance (IR) induced by a high-fat and/or fructose diet but not IR induced by glucocorticoids. In humans, contrasting effects have also been reported. We investigated their effects on insulin sensitivity, feed intake (FI) and body weight gain in genetically insulin resistant male obese (fa/fa) Zucker (ZO) rats during the development of obesity. ZO rats were fed a diet supplemented with 7 % fish oil (FO) + 1 % corn oil (CO) (wt/wt) (ZOFO), while the control group was fed a diet containing 8 % fat from CO (wt/wt) (ZOCO). Male lean Zucker (ZL) rats fed either FO (ZLFO) or CO (ZLCO) diet were used as controls. FO was a marine-derived TAG oil containing EPA 90 mg/g + DHA 430 mg/g. During an oral glucose tolerance test, glucose tolerance remained unaltered by FO while insulin response was reduced in ZOFO only. Liver insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp + 2 deoxyglucose) was improved in ZOFO rats, linked to changes in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression, activity and glucose-6-phosphatase activity. FI in response to intra-carotid insulin/glucose infusion was decreased similarly in ZOFO and ZOCO. Hypothalamic ceramides levels were lower in ZOFO than in ZOCO. Our study demonstrates that LC n-3 PUFA can minimise weight gain, possibly by alleviating hypothalamic lipotoxicity, and liver IR in genetically obese Zucker rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Corporeau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, Plouzané, France
- Present address: Ifremer, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christelle Le Foll
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, Plouzané, France
- Present address: Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
- Present address: Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Saclay-CNRS UMR 9197, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Inserm, U855, Lyon, F-69008, France
- University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Delarue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, ER7479 SPURBO, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine University of Brest, Plouzane, France
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Miron VD, Drăgănescu AC, Pițigoi D, Aramă V, Streinu-Cercel A, Săndulescu O. The Impact of Obesity on the Host-Pathogen Interaction with Influenza Viruses - Novel Insights: Narrative Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:769-777. [PMID: 38371386 PMCID: PMC10874191 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s434115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
After exposure to a viral pathogen, the host-pathogen interaction is essential to determine whether or not infection will ensue, and what the clinical outline of the infection will be. Recent research has shown that the patient with obesity presents a set of particular pathophysiological changes that lead to higher severity of viral infections, and this is particularly true for infection with influenza viruses. Herein, we describe the main metabolic, endocrine, and immune dysregulations that occur in the presence of obesity and their impact on driving intra-host viral diversity, leading to heightened severity and virulence of influenza. We show that obesity is linked to modified responses of both the innate and adaptive immune systems during viral infections, including influenza. Due to chronic inflammation and metabolic, endocrine, and signaling pathway disruptions, individuals with obesity have a suboptimal immune response. This results in longer illness duration, increased virus shedding, higher risk of hospitalization and complications, and greater mortality rates. Additionally, they may have a blunted response to vaccination and a higher likelihood of genetic mutation selection. Understanding the intricate interplay between obesity and viral pathogenesis is crucial for developing efficacious therapeutic approaches and public health policies, particularly in light of the escalating worldwide incidence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Daniel Miron
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Cristina Drăgănescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Pițigoi
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victoria Aramă
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Streinu-Cercel
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Săndulescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș”, Bucharest, Romania
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Zhao M, Zheng Z, Yin Z, Zhang J, Qin J, Wan J, Wang M. Resolvin D2 and its receptor GPR18 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: A promising biomarker and therapeutic target. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106832. [PMID: 37364787 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of the initiation and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (CVMDs). Anti-inflammation strategies and those that promote inflammation resolution have gradually become potential therapeutic approaches for CVMDs. Resolvin D2 (RvD2), a specialized pro-resolving mediator, exerts anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects through its receptor GPR18, a G protein-coupled receptor. Recently, the RvD2/GPR18 axis has received more attention due to its protective role in CVMDs, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischaemiareperfusion, and diabetes. Here, we introduce basic information about RvD2 and GPR18, summarize their roles in different immune cells, and review the therapeutic potential of the RvD2/GPR18 axis in CVMDs. In summary, RvD2 and its receptor GPR18 play an important role in the occurrence and development of CVMDs and are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zihui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jishou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Juanjuan Qin
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Center for Healthy Aging, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China.
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6
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Sun Q, Wang J, Jing Y, Liu J, Jin J, Wang S, Zhang J, Liu K, Chen X, Zhou H, Dong C. Influences of resolvin D1 and D2 on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Chinese community-based cohort study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1143456. [PMID: 37334388 PMCID: PMC10272361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1143456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although cellular and animal studies have reported that resolvin D1 (RvD1) and resolvin D2 (RvD2) are mechanisms involved in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the impact of RvD1 and RvD2 on the risk of T2DM at a population level remains unclear. Methods We included 2755 non-diabetic adults from a community-based cohort in China and followed them for seven years. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of RvD1 and RvD2 with T2DM probability. Time-dependent receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive performance of RvD1 and RvD2 for the risk of T2DM based on the Chinese CDC T2DM prediction model (CDRS). Results A total of 172 incident T2DM cases were identified. Multivariate-adjusted HRs (95% CI) for T2DM across quartiles of RvD1 levels (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4) were 1.00, 1.64 (1.03-2.63), 1.80 (1.13-2.86) and 1.61 (1.01-2.57), respectively. Additionally, body mass index (BMI) showed a significant effect modification in the association of RvD1 with incident T2DM (P interaction = 0.026). After multivariate adjustment, the HR (95% CI) for T2DM in the fourth compared with the first quartile of RvD2 was 1.94 (95% CI: 1.24-3.03). Time-dependent ROC analysis showed that the area under time-dependent ROC curves of the "CDRS+RvD1+RvD2" model for the 3-, 5- and 7-year risk of T2DM were 0.842, 0.835 and 0.828, respectively. Conclusions Higher RvD1 and RvD2 levels are associated with a higher risk of T2DM at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junrong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Jing
- Division of Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Soochow, China
| | - Jingchao Liu
- Division of Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Wuzhong Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Soochow, China
| | - Jianrong Jin
- Division of Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Wuzhong Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Soochow, China
| | - Sudan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaili Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Division of Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Soochow, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Division of Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Soochow, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
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Della Guardia L, Codella R. Exercise Restores Hypothalamic Health in Obesity by Reshaping the Inflammatory Network. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020297. [PMID: 36829858 PMCID: PMC9951965 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overnutrition induce inflammation, leptin-, and insulin resistance in the hypothalamus. The mediobasal hypothalamus responds to exercise enabling critical adaptions at molecular and cellular level that positively impact local inflammation. This review discusses the positive effect of exercise on obesity-induced hypothalamic dysfunction, highlighting the mechanistic aspects related to the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. In HFD-fed animals, both acute and chronic moderate-intensity exercise mitigate microgliosis and lower inflammation in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Notably, this associates with restored leptin sensitivity and lower food intake. Exercise-induced cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 mediate part of these positive effect on the ARC in obese animals. The reduction of obesity-associated pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., FFAs, TNFα, resistin, and AGEs), and the improvement in the gut-brain axis represent alternative paths through which regular exercise can mitigate hypothalamic inflammation. These findings suggest that the regular practice of exercise can restore a proper functionality in the hypothalamus in obesity. Further analysis investigating the crosstalk muscle-hypothalamus would help toward a deeper comprehension of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Della Guardia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-50330356
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Zhang T, Zuo G, Zhang H. GPR18 Agonist Resolvin D2 Reduces Early Brain Injury in a Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Multiple Protective Mechanisms. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:2379-2392. [PMID: 34089427 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Early brain injury (EBI) is the early phase of secondary complications arising from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). G protein-coupled receptor 18 (GPR18) can exert neuroprotective effects during ischemia. In this study, we investigated the roles of GPR18 in different brain regions during EBI using a GPR18 agonist, resolvin D2 (RvD2). Location and dynamics of GPR18 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting in a rat model of SAH based on endovascular perforation. RvD2 was given intranasally at 1 h after SAH, and SAH grade, brain water content and behavior were assayed before sacrifice. TUNEL and dihydroethidium staining of the cortex were performed at 24 h after SAH. Selected brain regions were also examined for pathway related proteins using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. We found that GPR18 was expressed in meninges, hypothalamus, cortex and white matter before EBI. After SAH, GPR18 expression was increased in meninges and hypothalamus but decreased in cortex and white matter. RvD2 improved neurological scores and brain edema after SAH. RvD2 attenuated mast cell degranulation and reduced expression of chymase and tryptase expression in the meninges. In the hypothalamus, RvD2 attenuated inflammation, increased expression of proopiomelanocortin and interleukin-10, as well as decreased expression of nerve peptide Y and tumor necrosis factor-α. In cortex, RvD2 alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis, and protected the blood-brain barrier. RvD2 also ameliorated white matter injury by elevating myelin basic protein and suppressing amyloid precursor protein. Our results suggest that GPR18 may help protect multiple brain regions during EBI, particularly in the cortex and hypothalamus. Upregulating GPR18 by RvD2 may improve neurological functions in different brain regions via multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St., Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Gang Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Taicang Hospital, Soochow University, Taicang, Suzhou, 215400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St., Beijing, 100053, China.
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Shaikh SR, MacIver NJ, Beck MA. Obesity Dysregulates the Immune Response to Influenza Infection and Vaccination Through Metabolic and Inflammatory Mechanisms. Annu Rev Nutr 2022; 42:67-89. [PMID: 35995048 PMCID: PMC10880552 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-062320-115937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates that obesity alone, independent of comorbidities, is a significant risk factor for severe outcomes from infection. This susceptibility mirrors a similar pattern with influenza infection; that is, obesity is a unique risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is critical to understand how obesity contributes to a reduced ability to respond to respiratory viral infections. Herein, we discuss human and animal studies with influenza infection and vaccination that show obesity impairs immunity. We cover several key mechanisms for the dysfunction. These mechanisms include systemic and cellular level changes that dysregulate immune cell metabolism and function in addition to how obesity promotes deficiencies in metabolites that control the resolution of inflammation and infection. Finally, we discuss major gaps in knowledge, particularly as they pertain to diet and mechanisms, which will drive future efforts to improve outcomes in response to respiratory viral infections in an increasingly obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; , ,
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; , ,
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melinda A Beck
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; , ,
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10
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Tang X, Liu L, Miao Z, Zhang J, Cai X, Zhao BQ, Chen G, Schultzberg M, Zhao Y, Wang X. Resolution of inflammation is disturbed in acute ischemic stroke with diabetes mellitus and rescued by resolvin D2 treatment. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:194-205. [PMID: 35750271 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays an important role in diabetes mellitus (DM)-related acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The mechanisms of un-resolved inflammation in DM-related AIS are not fully understood. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are key regulators that promote resolution of inflammation. We aimed to examine resolution function in patients with AIS complicated with DM, and explore potential treatment effects of one of the SPMs, resolvin D2 (RvD2) ex vivo and in vivo. METHODS Cultured human macrophages, which were derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of AIS and none-AIS patients with or without DM, were stimulated with oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Levels of SPMs and inflammatory markers were analysed, and RvD2 treatment effects were evaluated in these cells. For experiments in vivo, challenges with high fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) were used to induce DM in C57BL/6J mice. AIS model was established by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) followed by intra-cerebroventricular injection of RvD2. RESULTS Compared with macrophages of AIS patients without DM, the ratios of SPMs to leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were decreased in AIS patients with DM, accompanied by reduced expression of SPM synthesis enzyme, 15-lipoxygenase-1. Moreover, the levels of pro-inflammatory pathway markers were increased, and the macrophages were skewed to M1 polarization in AIS patients with DM. In mice, treatment with RvD2 ameliorated pMCAO-induced brain injury, neurological dysfunction, and inflammatory response. Furthermore, RvD2 rescued resolution of inflammation by promoting macrophage/microglia polarization to pro-resolving M2 phenotype ex vivo and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate resolution of inflammation is impaired by DM in AIS patients, implicating a novel mechanism of un-resolved inflammation in DM-related AIS. Furthermore, RvD2 promotes inflammation resolution in macrophages/microglia and protects DM-related AIS, and may thus serve as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijuan Miao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Cai
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Qiao Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gefei Chen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Schultzberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuwu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiuzhe Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Morari J, Haddad-Tóvolli R, Silva Nogueira PA, Teixeira CJ, Maróstica R, Tobar N, Ramos CD, Velloso LA, Dias Bobbo VC, Anhê GF. Body mass variability in age-matched outbred male Swiss mice is associated to differential control of food intake by ghrelin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 550:111646. [PMID: 35413387 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Swiss mice belong to an outbred strain of mice largely used as a model for experimental obesity induced by high fat diet (HFD). We have previously demonstrated that a given cohort of age-matched Swiss mice is hallmarked by heterogeneous changes in body weight when exposed to HFD. The reasons underlying such variability, however, are not completely understood. Therefore we aimed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the variability in spontaneous weight gain in age-matched male swiss mice. To achieve that, individuals in a cohort of age-matched male Swiss mice were categorized as prone to body mass gain (PBMG) and resistant to body mass gain (RBMG). PBMG animals had higher caloric intake and body mass gain. RBMG and PBMG mice had a similar reduction in food intake when challenged with leptin but only RBMG exhibited a drop in ghrelin concentrations after refeeding. PBMG also showed increased midbrain levels of ghrelin receptor (Ghsr) and Dopamine receptor d2 (Drd2) mRNAs upon refeeding. Pharmacological blockade of GHSR with JMV3002 failed to reduce food intake in PMBG mice as it did in RBMG. On the other hand, the response to JMV3002 seen in PBMG was hallmarked by singular transcriptional response in the midbrain characterized by a simultaneous increase in both tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) and Proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) expressions. In conclusion, our data show that differences in the expression of genes related to the reward system in the midbrain as well as in ghrelin concentrations in serum correlate with spontaneous variability in body mass and food intake seen in age-matched male Swiss mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseane Morari
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-864, Brazil; Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-881, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Silva Nogueira
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Caio Jordão Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524. Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB1, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael Maróstica
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Natália Tobar
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Celso Dario Ramos
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Licio Augusto Velloso
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina Dias Bobbo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Forato Anhê
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-881, Brazil
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12
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Angelidi AM, Belanger MJ, Kokkinos A, Koliaki CC, Mantzoros CS. Novel Noninvasive Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity: From Pharmacotherapy to Gene Therapy. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:507-557. [PMID: 35552683 PMCID: PMC9113190 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights into the pathophysiologic underlying mechanisms of obesity have led to the discovery of several promising drug targets and novel therapeutic strategies to address the global obesity epidemic and its comorbidities. Current pharmacologic options for obesity management are largely limited in number and of modest efficacy/safety profile. Therefore, the need for safe and more efficacious new agents is urgent. Drugs that are currently under investigation modulate targets across a broad range of systems and tissues, including the central nervous system, gastrointestinal hormones, adipose tissue, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle. Beyond pharmacotherapeutics, other potential antiobesity strategies are being explored, including novel drug delivery systems, vaccines, modulation of the gut microbiome, and gene therapy. The present review summarizes the pathophysiology of energy homeostasis and highlights pathways being explored in the effort to develop novel antiobesity medications and interventions but does not cover devices and bariatric methods. Emerging pharmacologic agents and alternative approaches targeting these pathways and relevant research in both animals and humans are presented in detail. Special emphasis is given to treatment options at the end of the development pipeline and closer to the clinic (ie, compounds that have a higher chance to be added to our therapeutic armamentarium in the near future). Ultimately, advancements in our understanding of the pathophysiology and interindividual variation of obesity may lead to multimodal and personalized approaches to obesity treatment that will result in safe, effective, and sustainable weight loss until the root causes of the problem are identified and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki M Angelidi
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J Belanger
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysi C Koliaki
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Bosco A, Dessì A, Zanza C, Pintus R, Fanos V. Resolvins' Obesity-Driven Deficiency: The Implications for Maternal-Fetal Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081662. [PMID: 35458224 PMCID: PMC9029397 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Since pregnancy is already characterized by mild but significant inflammatory activity in physiological conditions, when complicated by obesity the probability of a persistent inflammatory state increases, with consequent multiple repercussions that add up to the complications associated with acute inflammation. In this context, the role of resolvins, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), deriving from omega-3 essential fatty acids, may be crucial. Indeed, differential production in numerous high-risk conditions associated with both childbirth and neonatal health, the correlation between maternal omega-3 intake and resolvin concentrations in maternal blood and at the placental level, and the high values found in breast milk in the first month of breastfeeding, are some of the most important hallmarks of these autacoids. In addition, a growing body of scientific evidence supports the lack of SPMs, at the level of immune-metabolic tissues, in the case of obesity. Furthermore, the obesity-related lack of SPMs seems to be decisive in the context of the current outbreak of COVID-19, as it appears to be one of the causes associated with the higher incidence of complications and negative outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The usefulness of metabolomics in this field appears clear, given that through the metabolome it is possible to observe the numerous and complex interactions between the mother, the placenta and the fetus in order to identify specific biomarkers useful in the prediction, diagnosis and monitoring of the various obstetric conditions. However, further investigations are needed in order to evaluate the possible use of some resolvins as biomarkers of maternal–fetal outcomes but also to establish adequate integration values in pregnant women with omega-3 fatty acids or with more active derivatives that guarantee optimal SPM production under risky conditions.
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14
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Pascoal LB, Palma BB, Chaim FHM, de Castro MM, Damázio TA, Franceschini APMDF, Milanski M, Velloso LA, Leal RF. New translational and experimental insights into the role of pro-resolving lipid mediators in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Exp Med 2022; 12:1-15. [PMID: 35096550 PMCID: PMC8771592 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v12.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is an active process, guided by specialized pro-resolution lipid mediators (SPMs). These mediators originate from polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as omega-3. Sufficient evidence suggests that the beneficial effects attributed to omega-3 are, at least in part, the result of the immunomodulatory action of the SPMs, which act systemically by overcoming inflammation and repairing tissue damage, without suppressing the immune response. Recent studies suggest that an imbalance in the synthesis and/or activity of these compounds may be associated with the pathogenesis of several inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, this review highlights the advances made in recent years with regard to the endo-genous synthesis and the biological role of lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, as well as their precursors, in the regulation of inflammation; and provides an update on the participation of these mediators in the development and evolution of IBD and the therapeutic approaches that these immunomodulating substances are involved in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Bitencourt Pascoal
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Biazon Palma
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Henrique Mendonça Chaim
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Moreira de Castro
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Andrade Damázio
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Menezes de Freitas Franceschini
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lício Augusto Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Franco Leal
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Lian J, Casari I, Falasca M. Modulatory role of the endocannabinoidome in the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106025. [PMID: 34883211 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Originating from Eastern Asia, the plant Cannabis sativa has been used for centuries as a medicinal treatment. The unwanted psychotropic effects of one of its major components, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, discouraged its therapeutic employment until, recently, the discovery of cannabinoids receptors and their endogenous ligands endocannabinoids reignited the interest. The endocannabinoid system has lately been found to play an important role in the maintenance of human health, both centrally and peripherally. However, the initial idea of the endocannabinoid system structure has been quickly understood to be too simplistic and, as new receptors, mediators, and enzymes have been discovered to participate in a complex relationship, the new, more comprehensive term "expanded endocannabinoid system" or "endocannabinoidome", has taken over. The discovery of other endocannabinoid-like receptors, such as the G protein-coupled receptor 119 and G protein-coupled receptor 55, has opened the way to the development of potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of various metabolic disorders. In addition, recent findings have also provided evidence suggesting the potential therapeutic link between the endocannabinoidome and various inflammatory-based gut diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. This review will provide an introduction to the endocannabinoidome, focusing on its modulatory role in the gastrointestinal tract and on the interest generated by the link between gut microbiota, the endocannabinoid system and metabolic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, type-2 diabetes and obesity. In addition, we will look at the potential novel aspects and benefits of drugs targeting the endocannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lian
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Ilaria Casari
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
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16
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Vander Ploeg M, Quinn K, Armstrong M, Manke J, Reisdorph N, Shaikh SR. SPM pathway marker analysis of the brains of obese mice in the absence and presence of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl esters. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 175:102360. [PMID: 34743051 PMCID: PMC8633202 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity drives an imbalanced signature of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). Herein, we investigated if high fat diet-induced obesity dysregulates the concentration of SPM intermediates in the brains of C57BL/6 J mice. Furthermore, given the benefits of EPA for cardiometabolic diseases, major depression, and cognition, we probed the effect of an EPA supplemented high fat diet on brain SPM intermediates. Mass spectrometry revealed no effect of the high fat diet on PUFA-derived brain metabolites. EPA also did not have an effect on most brain PUFA-derived metabolites except an increase of 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12-HEPE). In contrast, EPA dramatically increased serum HEPEs and lowered several PUFA-derived metabolites. Finally, untargeted mass spectrometry showed no effects of the high fat diet, with or without EPA, on the brain metabolome. Collectively, these results show the murine brain resists a deficiency in SPM pathway markers in response to a high fat diet and that EPA supplementation increases 12-HEPE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Vander Ploeg
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kevin Quinn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO , United States
| | - Michael Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO , United States
| | - Jonathan Manke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO , United States
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO , United States
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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17
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Han YH, Lee K, Saha A, Han J, Choi H, Noh M, Lee YH, Lee MO. Specialized Proresolving Mediators for Therapeutic Interventions Targeting Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:455-464. [PMID: 34162770 PMCID: PMC8411019 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation is considered the pathophysiological basis of many prevalent metabolic disorders, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases. The inflammatory response is a self-limiting process that produces a superfamily of chemical mediators, called specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs include the ω-3-derived family of molecules, such as resolvins, protectins, and maresins, as well as arachidonic acid-derived (ω-6) lipoxins that stimulate and promote resolution of inflammation, clearance of microbes, and alleviation of pain and promote tissue regeneration via novel mechanisms. SPMs function by binding and activating G protein-coupled receptors, such as FPR2/ALX, GPR32, and ERV1, and nuclear orphan receptors, such as RORα. Recently, several studies reported that SPMs have the potential to attenuate lipid metabolism disorders. However, the understanding of pharmacological aspects of SPMs, including tissue-specific biosynthesis, and specific SPM receptors and signaling pathways, is currently limited. Here, we summarize recent advances in the role of SPMs in resolution of inflammatory diseases with metabolic disorders, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity, obtained from preclinical animal studies. In addition, the known SPM receptors and their intracellular signaling are reviewed as targets of resolution of inflammation, and the currently available information on the therapeutic effects of major SPMs for metabolic disorders is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyun Han
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongjin Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhirup Saha
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeong Han
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Haena Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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18
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Félix-Soriano E, Sáinz N, Gil-Iturbe E, Collantes M, Fernández-Galilea M, Castilla-Madrigal R, Ly L, Dalli J, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Changes in brown adipose tissue lipid mediator signatures with aging, obesity, and DHA supplementation in female mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21592. [PMID: 33960028 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002531r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dysfunction in aging and obesity has been related to chronic unresolved inflammation, which could be mediated by an impaired production of specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs), such as Lipoxins-LXs, Resolvins-Rvs, Protectins-PDs, and Maresins-MaRs. Our aim was to characterize the changes in BAT SPMs signatures and their association with BAT dysfunction during aging, especially under obesogenic conditions, and their modulation by a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich diet. Lipidomic, functional, and molecular studies were performed in BAT of 2- and 18-month-old lean (CT) female mice and in 18-month-old diet-induced obese (DIO) mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), or a DHA-enriched HFD. Aging downregulated Prdm16 and UCP1 levels, especially in DIO mice, while DHA partially restored them. Arachidonic acid (AA)-derived LXs and DHA-derived MaRs and PDs were the most abundant SPMs in BAT of young CT mice. Interestingly, the sum of LXs and of PDs were significantly lower in aged DIO mice compared to young CT mice. Some of the SPMs most significantly reduced in obese-aged mice included LXB4 , MaR2, 4S,14S-diHDHA, 10S,17S-diHDHA (a.k.a. PDX), and RvD6. In contrast, DHA increased DHA-derived SPMs, without modifying LXs. However, MicroPET studies showed that DHA was not able to counteract the impaired cold exposure response in BAT of obese-aged mice. Our data suggest that a defective SPMs production could underlie the decrease of BAT activity observed in obese-aged mice, and highlight the relevance to further characterize the physiological role and therapeutic potential of specific SPMs on BAT development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Félix-Soriano
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva Gil-Iturbe
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Collantes
- Radiopharmacy, Radionanopharmacology and Translational Molecular Imaging Research Group, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-Galilea
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosa Castilla-Madrigal
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lucy Ly
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Center for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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19
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Duan J, Song Y, Zhang X, Wang C. Effect of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids-Derived Bioactive Lipids on Metabolic Disorders. Front Physiol 2021; 12:646491. [PMID: 34113260 PMCID: PMC8185290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.646491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an important ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA) are three well-known ω-3 PUFAs. These fatty acids can be metabolized into a number of bioactive lipids. Eicosanoids derived from ARA have drawn great attention because of their important and complex biofunctions. Although EPA, DHA and n-3 DPA have also shown powerful biofunctions, we have fewer studies of metabolites derived from them than those from ARA. Recently, growing research has focused on the bioaction of ω-3 PUFA-derived metabolites, which indicates their great potential for treating metabolic disorders. Most of the functional studies of these bioactive lipids focused on their anti-inflammatory effects. However, several studies elucidated their direct effects on pancreatic β cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and endothelial cells. These researches revealed the importance of studying the functions of metabolites derived from ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids other than themselves. The current review summarizes research into the effects of ω-3 PUFA-derived oxylipins on metabolic disorders, including diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, adipose tissue dysfunction, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Duan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yayue Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunjiong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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20
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Fabisiak A, Fabisiak N, Mokrowiecka A, Malecka-Panas E, Jacenik D, Kordek R, Zielińska M, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Fichna J. Novel selective agonist of GPR18, PSB-KK-1415 exerts potent anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities in animal models of intestinal inflammation and inflammatory pain. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14003. [PMID: 33058313 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GPR18 is a recently deorphanized receptor which was reported to act with several endogenous cannabinoid ligands. Here, we aimed to describe the role of GPR18 in intestinal inflammation and inflammatory pain. METHODS The anti-inflammatory activity of selective GPR18 agonist, PSB-KK-1415, and antagonist, PSB-CB5, was characterized in semi-chronic and chronic mouse models of colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). The extent of inflammation was evaluated based on the macroscopic and microscopic scores, quantification of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and Western blot analyses of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 in colonic tissue. The expression of GPR18 in colonic samples from patients with Crohn's disease (CD) was quantified using real-time PCR. The anti-nociceptive potential of the agonist in intestinal inflammation was evaluated in the mouse model of inflammatory pain. KEY RESULTS In semi-chronic colitis, PSB-KK-1415 reduced macroscopic score (1.79 ± 0.22 vs. 2.61 ± 0.48), expression of TNF-α (1.89 ± 0.36 vs. 2.83 ± 0.64), and microscopic score (5.00 ± 0.33 vs. 6.45 ± 0.40), all compared to mice with colitis. In chronic colitis, PSB-KK-1415 decreased macroscopic score (3.33 ± 1.26 vs. 4.00 ± 1.32) and MPO activity (32.23 ± 8.51 vs. 41.33 ± 11.64) compared to inflamed mice. In the mouse model of inflammatory pain, PSB-KK-1415 decreased the number of pain-induced behaviors in both, controls (32.60 ± 2.54 vs. 58.00 ± 6.24) and inflamed mice (60.83 ± 2.85 vs. 85.00 ± 5.77) compared to animals without treatment with PSB-KK-1415 (P < 0.005 for both). Lastly, we showed an increased expression of GPR18 in CD patients compared to healthy controls (3.77 ± 1.46 vs. 2.38 ± 0.66, p = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES We showed that GPR18 is worth considering as a potential treatment target in intestinal inflammation and inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Fabisiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Fabisiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Mokrowiecka
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Malecka-Panas
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Jacenik
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radzislaw Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Zielińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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21
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Plasma Resolvin D2 to Leukotriene B 4 Ratio Is Reduced in Diabetic Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Related to Prognosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6657646. [PMID: 33728336 PMCID: PMC7935571 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6657646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) aggravates symptoms and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and inflammation plays an important role therein. Resolvin D2 (RvD2) is one of the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), while leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a classic proinflammatory mediator. The ratio of RvD2 to LTB4 is an index of pro-resolving/proinflammatory balance. We aim to explore the role of RvD2/LTB4 ratio in ischemic stroke complicated with DM. Methods The plasma levels of RvD2 and LTB4 were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay in stroke patients with DM (DM + AIS group) or without DM (nonDM+AIS group). Patients were followed up at 90 days after stroke onset, and modified Rankin Score (mRS) was assessed. The association of RvD2/LTB4 ratio with stroke severity and prognosis was also analyzed. Results The plasma levels of RvD2 were positively correlated to LTB4. The RvD2/LTB4 ratio in DM + AIS group was lower than that in the nonDM+AIS group. No correlation was found between the RvD2/LTB4 ratio and infarct size or NIHSS score. The RvD2/LTB4 ratio at baseline was significantly lower in the poor prognosis group (mRS ≥ 3) than that in the good prognosis group (mRS ≤ 2). Conclusions Our study indicated that the balance between pro-resolving and proinflammatory mediators was impaired by diabetes in ischemic stroke. The RvD2/LTB4 ratio may serve as a biomarker of prognosis for ischemic stroke.
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22
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Dragano NR, Monfort-Pires M, Velloso LA. Mechanisms Mediating the Actions of Fatty Acids in the Hypothalamus. Neuroscience 2020; 447:15-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Parolini C. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Efficacy on inflammatory-based disorders. Life Sci 2020; 263:118591. [PMID: 33069735 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological response to injury, stimulating tissue repair and regeneration. However, the presence of peculiar individual conditions can negatively perturb the resolution phase eventually leading to a state of low-grade systemic chronic inflammation, characterized by tissue and organ damages and increased susceptibility to non-communicable disease. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are able to influence many aspects of this process. Experiments performed in various animal models of obesity, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis have demonstrated that n-3 PUFAs can modulate the basic mechanisms as well as the disease progression. This review describes the available data from experimental studies to the clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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24
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Morales P, Lago-Fernandez A, Hurst DP, Sotudeh N, Brailoiu E, Reggio PH, Abood ME, Jagerovic N. Therapeutic Exploitation of GPR18: Beyond the Cannabinoids? J Med Chem 2020; 63:14216-14227. [PMID: 32914978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
GPR18 is a G-protein-coupled receptor that belongs to the orphan class A family. Even though it shares low sequence homology with the cannabinoid receptors CB1R and CB2R, a growing body of research suggests its relationship with the endocannabinoid system, not only because it is able to recognize cannabinoid ligands but also because of its expression and ability to heteromerize with CBRs. In this review, we aim to analyze the biological relevance, reported modulators, and structural features of GPR18. In order to guide future drug design in this field, highlights from molecular modeling of GPR18 will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Morales
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Lago-Fernandez
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dow P Hurst
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, UNC Greensboro, 1400 Spring Garden Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Noori Sotudeh
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, UNC Greensboro, 1400 Spring Garden Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Eugen Brailoiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Patricia H Reggio
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, UNC Greensboro, 1400 Spring Garden Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Mary E Abood
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Pal A, Gowdy KM, Oestreich KJ, Beck M, Shaikh SR. Obesity-Driven Deficiencies of Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators May Drive Adverse Outcomes During SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1997. [PMID: 32983141 PMCID: PMC7438933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality upon infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the current coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). Therefore, there is a critical need to identify underlying metabolic factors associated with obesity that could be contributing toward increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in this vulnerable population. Here, we focus on the critical role of potent endogenous lipid metabolites known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) that are synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids. SPMs are generated during the transition of inflammation to resolution and have a vital role in directing damaged tissues to homeostasis; furthermore, SPMs display anti-viral activity in the context of influenza infection without being immunosuppressive. We cover evidence from rodent and human studies to show that obesity, and its co-morbidities, induce a signature of SPM deficiency across immunometabolic tissues. We further discuss how the effects of obesity upon SARS-CoV-2 infection are likely exacerbated with environmental exposures that promote chronic pulmonary inflammation and augment SPM deficits. Finally, we highlight potential approaches to overcome the loss of SPMs using dietary and pharmacological interventions. Collectively, this mini-review underscores the need for mechanistic studies on how SPM deficiencies driven by obesity and environmental exposures may exacerbate the response to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandita Pal
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kymberly M. Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Oestreich
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Melinda Beck
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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26
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Engel DF, Bobbo VCD, Solon CS, Nogueira GA, Moura-Assis A, Mendes NF, Zanesco AM, Papangelis A, Ulven T, Velloso LA. Activation of GPR40 induces hypothalamic neurogenesis through p38- and BDNF-dependent mechanisms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11047. [PMID: 32632088 PMCID: PMC7338363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic adult neurogenesis provides the basis for renewal of neurons involved in the regulation of whole-body energy status. In addition to hormones, cytokines and growth factors, components of the diet, particularly fatty acids, have been shown to stimulate hypothalamic neurogenesis; however, the mechanisms behind this action are unknown. Here, we hypothesized that GPR40 (FFAR1), the receptor for medium and long chain unsaturated fatty acids, could mediate at least part of the neurogenic activity in the hypothalamus. We show that a GPR40 ligand increased hypothalamic cell proliferation and survival in adult mice. In postnatal generated neurospheres, acting in synergy with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and interleukin 6, GPR40 activation increased the expression of doublecortin during the early differentiation phase and of the mature neuronal marker, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), during the late differentiation phase. In Neuro-2a proliferative cell-line GPR40 activation increased BDNF expression and p38 activation. The chemical inhibition of p38 abolished GPR40 effect in inducing neurogenesis markers in neurospheres, whereas BDNF immunoneutralization inhibited GPR40-induced cell proliferation in the hypothalamus of adult mice. Thus, GPR40 acts through p38 and BDNF to induce hypothalamic neurogenesis. This study provides mechanistic advance in the understating of how a fatty acid receptor regulates adult hypothalamic neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane F Engel
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa C D Bobbo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Carina S Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A Nogueira
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Moura-Assis
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Natalia F Mendes
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Ariane M Zanesco
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Athanasios Papangelis
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil.
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Jeevan BGC, Szlenk CT, Gao J, Dong X, Wang Z, Natesan S. Molecular Dynamics Simulations Provide Insight into the Loading Efficiency of Proresolving Lipid Mediators Resolvin D1 and D2 in Cell Membrane-Derived Nanovesicles. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2155-2164. [PMID: 32374613 PMCID: PMC7313724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Resolvins D1 and D2 (RvDs) are structural isomers and metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid, enzymatically produced in our body in response to acute inflammation or microbial invasion. Resolvins have been shown to play an essential role in the resolution of inflammation, tissue repair, and return to homeostasis and thus are actively pursued as potential therapeutics in treating inflammatory disorders and infectious diseases. However, effective in vivo delivery of RvDs continues to be a challenging task. Recent studies demonstrated that RvD1 or RvD2 loaded in cell membrane-derived nanovesicles significantly increased therapeutic efficacy in treating murine peritonitis and ischemic stroke, respectively. The mechanistic details of how the subtle structural difference between RvD1 and RvD2 alters their molecular interactions with the membrane lipids of the nanovesicles and thus affects the loading efficiency remain unknown. Here, we report the encapsulation profiles of the neutral and ionized species of both RvD1 and RvD2 determined with the cell membrane-derived nanovesicles at pH values 5.4 and 7.4, respectively. Also, we performed microsecond time-scale all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in explicit water to elucidate the molecular interactions of both neutral and ionized species of RvD1 and RvD2 with the lipid bilayer using a model membrane system, containing 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and cholesterol. We found that the differences in the position and chirality of hydroxyl groups in RvD1 and RvD2 affected their location, orientation, and conformations within the bilayer. Surprisingly, the deprotonation of their carboxyl group caused their orientation and conformation to change from a fully extended one that is oriented in parallel to the membrane plane to a J-shaped bent conformation that is oriented perpendicular to the bilayer plane. Our studies offer valuable insight into the molecular interactions of RvD1/D2 with the lipid bilayer in atomistic details and provide a mechanistic explanation for the observed differences in the encapsulation profiles of RvD1 and RvD2, which may facilitate the rational design of nanovesicle-based therapeutics for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. GC Jeevan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Christopher T. Szlenk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Xinyue Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Zhenjia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Senthil Natesan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
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28
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Ramírez-Orozco RE, García-Ruiz R, Morales P, Villalón CM, Villafán-Bernal JR, Marichal-Cancino BA. Potential metabolic and behavioural roles of the putative endocannabinoid receptors GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 in feeding. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 17:947-960. [PMID: 31146657 PMCID: PMC7052828 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190118143014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are ancient biomolecules involved in several cellular (e.g., metabolism) and physiological (e.g., eating behaviour) functions. Indeed, eating behaviour alterations in marijuana users have led to investigate the orexigen-ic/anorexigenic effects of cannabinoids in animal/human models. This increasing body of research suggests that the endo-cannabinoid system plays an important role in feeding control. Accordingly, within the endocannabinoid system, canna-binoid receptors, enzymes and genes represent potential therapeutic targets for dealing with multiple metabolic and behav-ioural dysfunctions (e.g., obesity, anorexia, etc.). Paradoxically, our understanding on the endocannabinoid system as a cel-lular mediator is yet limited. For example: (i) only two cannabinoid receptors have been classified, but they are not enough to explain the pharmacological profile of several experimental effects induced by cannabinoids; and (ii) several orphan G pro-tein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) interact with cannabinoids and we do not know how to classify them (e.g., GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119; amongst others). On this basis, the present review attempts to summarize the lines of evidence supporting the potential role of GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 in metabolism and feeding control that may explain some of the divergent effects and puzzling data re-lated to cannabinoid research. Moreover, their therapeutic potential in feeding behaviour alterations will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo E Ramírez-Orozco
- Departamento de Nutricion y Cultura Fisica, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131 Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
| | - Ricardo García-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Paula Morales
- Instituto de Quimica Fisica Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos M Villalón
- Departamento de Farmacobiologia, Cinvestav- Coapa, Czda. Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas-Coapa, Deleg. Tlalpan, 14330 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J Rafael Villafán-Bernal
- Departamento de Cirugia, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes, CP 20131 Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiologia y Farmacologia, Centro de Ciencias Basicas, Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131 Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
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29
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Shang P, Zhang Y, Ma D, Hao Y, Wang X, Xin M, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Feng J. Inflammation resolution and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in CNS diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:967-986. [PMID: 31711309 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1691525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Inflammation resolution induced by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) is a new concept. The application of SPMs is a promising therapeutic strategy that can potentially supersede anti-inflammatory drugs. Most CNS diseases are associated with hyperreactive inflammatory damage. CNS inflammation causes irreversible neuronal loss and permanent functional impairments. Given the high mortality and morbidity rates, the investigation of therapeutic strategies to ameliorate inflammatory damage is necessary.Areas covered: In this review, we explore inflammation resolution in CNS disorders. We discuss the underlying mechanisms and dynamic changes of SPMs and their precursors in neurological diseases and examine how this can potentially be incorporated into the clinic. References were selected from PubMed; most were published between 2010 and 2019.Expert opinion: Inflammation resolution is a natural process that emerges after acute or chronic inflammation. The evidence that SPMs can effectively ameliorate hyperreactive inflammation, shorten resolution time and accelerate tissue regeneration in CNS disorders. Adjuvants and nanotechnology offer opportunities for SPM drug design; however, more preclinical studies are necessary to investigate basic, critical issues such as safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Shang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yulei Hao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meiying Xin
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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30
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Ulu A, Sahoo PK, Yuil-Valdes AG, Mukherjee M, Van Ormer M, Muthuraj PG, Thompson M, Anderson Berry A, Hanson CK, Natarajan SK, Nordgren TM. Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Derived Resolvin D2 Regulates Human Placental Vascular Smooth Muscle and Extravillous Trophoblast Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184402. [PMID: 31500240 PMCID: PMC6770915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids are important to pregnancy and neonatal development and health. One mechanism by which omega-3 fatty acids exert their protective effects is through serving as substrates for the generation of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM) that potently limit and resolve inflammatory processes. We recently identified that SPM levels are increased in maternal blood at delivery as compared to umbilical cord blood, suggesting the placenta as a potential site of action for maternal SPM. To explore this hypothesis, we obtained human placental samples and stained for the SPM resolvin D2 (RvD2) receptor GPR18 via immunohistochemistry. In so doing, we identified GPR18 expression in placental vascular smooth muscle and extravillous trophoblasts of the placental tissues. Using in vitro culturing, we confirmed expression of GPR18 in these cell types and further identified that stimulation with RvD2 led to significantly altered responsiveness (cytoskeletal changes and pro-inflammatory cytokine production) to lipopolysaccharide inflammatory stimulation in human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells and placental trophoblasts. Taken together, these findings establish a role for SPM actions in human placental tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Cells, Cultured
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Maternal Age
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Placenta/cytology
- Placenta/drug effects
- Placenta/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Trophoblasts/cytology
- Trophoblasts/drug effects
- Trophoblasts/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Prakash K Sahoo
- Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Ana G Yuil-Valdes
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Maheswari Mukherjee
- Cytotechnology Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Matthew Van Ormer
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Philma Glora Muthuraj
- Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Maranda Thompson
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Ann Anderson Berry
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Corrine K Hanson
- Medical Nutrition Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Zhang LY, Liu ZH, Zhu Q, Wen S, Yang CX, Fu ZJ, Sun T. Resolvin D2 Relieving Radicular Pain is Associated with Regulation of Inflammatory Mediators, Akt/GSK-3β Signal Pathway and GPR18. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2384-2392. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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de Carvalho Marchesin J, Celiberto LS, Orlando AB, de Medeiros AI, Pinto RA, Zuanon JAS, Spolidorio LC, dos Santos A, Taranto MP, Cavallini DCU. A soy-based probiotic drink modulates the microbiota and reduces body weight gain in diet-induced obese mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Zuo G, Zhang D, Mu R, Shen H, Li X, Wang Z, Li H, Chen G. Resolvin D2 protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Mol Brain 2018; 11:9. [PMID: 29439730 PMCID: PMC5812187 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a critical factor leading to a poor prognosis for ischemic stroke patients. ω-3 fatty acid supplements taken as part of a daily diet have been shown to improve the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential effects of resolvin D2 (RvD2), a derivative of ω-3 fatty acids, and its possible advantage on cerebral I/R injury in rats. Cerebral I/R caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) was established in Sprague-Dawley rats. First, in rats fed a regular diet, the MCAO/R stimulus led to a significant decrease in endogenous production of RvD2. Exogenous supply of RvD2 via intraperitoneal injection reversed MCAO/R-induced brain injury, including infarction, inflammatory response, brain edema, and neurological dysfunction. Meanwhile, RvD2 reversed the MCAO/R-induced decrease in the protein level of GPR18, which has been identified as a receptor for RvD2, especially in neurons and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs). Furthermore, RvD2 exerted rescue effects on MCAO/R-induced neuron and BMVEC death. Moreover, GPR18 antagonist O-1918 could block the rescue effects of RvD2, possibly at least partially though the GPR18-ERK1/2-NOS signaling pathway. Finally, compared with ω-3 fatty acid supplements, RvD2 treatment had a better rescue effect on cerebral infarction, which may be due to the MCAO/R-induced decrease in 5-lipoxygense phosphorylation and subsequent RvD2 generation. In conclusion, compared with ω-3 fatty acids, RvD2 may be an optimal alternative and complementary treatment for ischemic stroke patients with recanalization treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Dongping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Rutao Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
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Brain docosahexaenoic acid uptake and metabolism. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:109-134. [PMID: 29305120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the most abundant n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain where it serves to regulate several important processes and, in addition, serves as a precursor to bioactive mediators. Given that the capacity of the brain to synthesize DHA locally is appreciably low, the uptake of DHA from circulating lipid pools is essential to maintaining homeostatic levels. Although, several plasma pools have been proposed to supply the brain with DHA, recent evidence suggests non-esterified-DHA and lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA are the primary sources. The uptake of DHA into the brain appears to be regulated by a number of complementary pathways associated with the activation and metabolism of DHA, and may provide mechanisms for enrichment of DHA within the brain. Following entry into the brain, DHA is esterified into and recycled amongst membrane phospholipids contributing the distribution of DHA in brain phospholipids. During neurotransmission and following brain injury, DHA is released from membrane phospholipids and converted to bioactive mediators which regulate signaling pathways important to synaptogenesis, cell survival, and neuroinflammation, and may be relevant to treating neurological diseases. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive overview of brain DHA metabolism, encompassing many of the pathways and key enzymatic regulators governing brain DHA uptake and metabolism. In addition, we focus on the release of non-esterified DHA and subsequent production of bioactive mediators and the evidence of their proposed activity within the brain. We also provide a brief review of the evidence from post-mortem brain analyses investigating DHA levels in the context of neurological disease and mood disorder, highlighting the current disparities within the field.
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Chiang N, Serhan CN. Structural elucidation and physiologic functions of specialized pro-resolving mediators and their receptors. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:114-129. [PMID: 28336292 PMCID: PMC5623601 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The acute inflammatory response is host-protective to contain foreign invaders. Many of today's pharmacopeia that block pro-inflammatory chemical mediators can cause serious unwanted side effects such as immune suppression. Uncontrolled inflammation is now considered a pathophysiologic basis associated with many widely occurring diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity and asthma, as well as the classic inflammatory diseases, e.g. arthritis, periodontal diseases. The inflammatory response is designated to be a self-limited process that produces a superfamily of chemical mediators that stimulate resolution of inflammatory responses. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPM) uncovered in recent years are endogenous mediators that include omega-3-derived families resolvins, protectins and maresins, as well as arachidonic acid-derived (n-6) lipoxins that stimulate and promote resolution of inflammation, clearance of microbes, reduce pain and promote tissue regeneration via novel mechanisms. Here, we review recent evidence from human and preclinical animal studies, together with the structural and functional elucidation of SPM indicating the SPM as physiologic mediators and pharmacologic agonists that stimulate resolution of inflammation and infection. These results suggest that it is time to develop immunoresolvents as agonists for testing resolution pharmacology in nutrition and health as well as in human diseases and during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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Deyama S, Ishikawa Y, Yoshikawa K, Shimoda K, Ide S, Satoh M, Minami M. Resolvin D1 and D2 Reverse Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors Through the mTORC1 Signaling Pathway. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:575-584. [PMID: 28419244 PMCID: PMC5492780 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resolvin D1 and D2 are bioactive lipid mediators that are generated from docosahexaenoic acid. Although recent preclinical studies suggest that these compounds have antidepressant effects, their mechanisms of action remain unclear. METHODS We investigated mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of resolvin D1 and resolvin D2 in lipopolysaccharide (0.8 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced depression model mice using a tail suspension test. RESULTS I.c.v. infusion of resolvin D1 (10 ng) and resolvin D2 (10 ng) produced antidepressant effects; these effects were significantly blocked by a resolvin D1 receptor antagonist WRW4 (10 µg, i.c.v.) and a resolvin D2 receptor antagonist O-1918 (10 µg, i.c.v.), respectively. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 inhibitor rapamycin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor U0126 (5 µg, i.c.v.) significantly blocked the antidepressant effects of resolvin D1 and resolvin D2. An AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 (3 µg, i.c.v.) blocked the antidepressant effects of resolvin D1 significantly, but not of resolvin D2. Bilateral infusions of resolvin D1 (0.3 ng/side) or resolvin D2 (0.3 ng/side) into the medial prefrontal cortex or dentate gyrus of the hippocampus produced antidepressant effects. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that resolvin D1 and resolvin D2 produce antidepressant effects via the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathway, and that the medial prefrontal cortex and dentate gyrus are important brain regions for these antidepressant effects. These compounds and their receptors may be promising targets for the development of novel rapid-acting antidepressants, like ketamine and scopolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Deyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Drs Deyama, Ide, and Minami, Ms Ishikawa, Ms Yoshikawa, and Mr Shimoda); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (Dr Deyama); Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Ide); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Satoh)
| | - Yuka Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Drs Deyama, Ide, and Minami, Ms Ishikawa, Ms Yoshikawa, and Mr Shimoda); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (Dr Deyama); Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Ide); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Satoh)
| | - Kotomi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Drs Deyama, Ide, and Minami, Ms Ishikawa, Ms Yoshikawa, and Mr Shimoda); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (Dr Deyama); Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Ide); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Satoh)
| | - Kento Shimoda
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Drs Deyama, Ide, and Minami, Ms Ishikawa, Ms Yoshikawa, and Mr Shimoda); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (Dr Deyama); Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Ide); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Satoh)
| | - Soichiro Ide
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Drs Deyama, Ide, and Minami, Ms Ishikawa, Ms Yoshikawa, and Mr Shimoda); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (Dr Deyama); Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Ide); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Satoh)
| | - Masamichi Satoh
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Drs Deyama, Ide, and Minami, Ms Ishikawa, Ms Yoshikawa, and Mr Shimoda); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (Dr Deyama); Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Ide); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Satoh)
| | - Masabumi Minami
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Drs Deyama, Ide, and Minami, Ms Ishikawa, Ms Yoshikawa, and Mr Shimoda); Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (Dr Deyama); Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Ide); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Satoh)
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