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Li Y, Xu X, Wu X, Li J, Chen S, Chen D, Li G, Tang Z. Cell polarization in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and advances. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:632-645. [PMID: 38886930 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates. Since the inflammation and immune response play a central role in driving ischemic damage, it becomes essential to modulate excessive inflammatory reactions to promote cell survival and facilitate tissue repair around the injury site. Various cell types are involved in the inflammatory response, including microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils, each exhibiting distinct phenotypic profiles upon stimulation. They display either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory states, a phenomenon known as 'cell polarization.' There are two cell polarization therapy strategies. The first involves inducing cells into a neuroprotective phenotype in vitro, then reintroducing them autologously. The second approach utilizes small molecular substances to directly affect cells in vivo. In this review, we elucidate the polarization dynamics of the three reactive cell populations (microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils) in the context of ischemic stroke, and provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms involved in their phenotypic switching. By unraveling the complexity of cell polarization, we hope to offer insights for future research on neuroinflammation and novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Lu C, Hyde DR. Cytokines IL-1β and IL-10 are required for Müller glia proliferation following light damage in the adult zebrafish retina. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1406330. [PMID: 38938553 PMCID: PMC11208712 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1406330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish possess the ability to regenerate dying neurons in response to retinal injury, with both Müller glia and microglia playing integral roles in this response. Resident Müller glia respond to damage by reprogramming and undergoing an asymmetric cell division to generate a neuronal progenitor cell, which continues to proliferate and differentiate into the lost neurons. In contrast, microglia become reactive, phagocytose dying cells, and release inflammatory signals into the surrounding tissue following damage. In recent years, there has been increased attention on elucidating the role that microglia play in regulating retinal regeneration. Here we demonstrate that inflammatory cytokines are differentially expressed during retinal regeneration, with the expression of a subset of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes upregulated shortly after light damage and the expression of a different subset of cytokine genes subsequently increasing. We demonstrate that both cytokine IL-1β and IL-10 are essential for Müller glia proliferation in the light-damaged retina. While IL-1β is sufficient to induce Müller glia proliferation in an undamaged retina, expression of IL-10 in undamaged retinas only induces Müller glia to express gliotic markers. Together, these findings demonstrate the essential role of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-10 on Müller glia proliferation following light damage in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David R. Hyde
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Center for Zebrafish Research, Galvin Life Sciences Building, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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Zeng J, Gao WW, Yang H, Wang YN, Mei Y, Liu TT, Wang M, Tang L, Ma DC, Li W. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate suppresses microglia polarization and neuroinflammation possibly via regulating miR-125b-5p/STAT3 axis to ameliorate neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 972:176523. [PMID: 38552937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The spinal cord microglia play a pivotal role in neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain (NP). Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS), a derivative of tanshinone IIA, has anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects. However, its underlying mechanism in NP remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of STS and elucidate possible mechanisms in a rat model of spared nerve injury. In vivo experiments, STS and AG490 were administered intraperitoneally once daily for 14 consecutive days after surgery. The results showed that the expression of miR-125b-5p in the spinal dorsal horn was substantially reduced, whereas signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling was increased. After treatment with STS, the mechanical thresholds, expression of miR-125b-5p, and microglial M2 marker such as Arg-1 in the spinal cord horn increased significantly, whereas multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis were significantly reduced. Moreover, STAT3 pathway-related proteins and expression of the microglial M1 marker, CD68, were appreciably inhibited. In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce an inflammatory response in BV-2 microglial cells. STS pretreatment inhibited LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, reduced STAT3 pathway related-proteins and apoptosis, increased miR-125b-5p and proopiomelanocortin expression, and enhanced microglia transformation from M1 to M2 phenotype in BV-2 cells. These effects were reversed after the inhibition of miR-125b-5p expression in BV-2 cells. A dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that STAT3 binds to miR-125b-5p. In summary, these results suggest that STS exerts anti-hyperalgesic and anti-neuroinflammatory effects in rats with NP possibly via the miR-125b-5p/STAT3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Department of Pain Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China.
| | - Wei-Wei Gao
- Department of Pain Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya-Nang Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Mei
- Department of Pain Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Shapingba Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Chuan Ma
- Department of Pain Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pain Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China.
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Chen G, Lin T, Wu M, Cai G, Wu C, Ding Q, Xu J, Chen H, Li W, Xu G, Lan Y. Causal Association of Cytokines and Growth Factors with Stroke and Its Subtypes: a Mendelian Randomization Study. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3212-3222. [PMID: 37979035 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines and growth factors contribute to nerve growth and angiogenesis and are associated with the development of vascular disease. This Mendelian randomization (MR) study was designed to examine the causal relationship between factors associated with stem cell paracrine mechanisms and with stroke and its subtypes. We used pooled statistics on cytokine levels from three studies (INTERIAL, Olink Proseek CVD array, and KORA) encompassing 7795 participants in Europe. Data for stroke and its subtypes were pooled from these European populations (40,585 cases and 406,111 controls) in a multiprogenitor genome-wide association study (GWAS). MR was performed using established analytical methods, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median (WM), and MR-Egger. Genetically determined high IGF-1 levels were found to associate negatively with risk of stroke, ischemic stroke (large-artery atherosclerosis), and ischemic stroke (cardiogenic embolism). Meanwhile, high IL-13 levels had a positive causal relationship with ischemic stroke (large-artery atherosclerosis). An additional 27 cytokines were found to have a causal association with stroke or its subtypes. However, these results should be interpreted with caution given that the power efficacy was <80%. This MR study supports the concept of a causal relationship of 29 cytokines with stroke or its subtypes. Our genetic analysis provides new insights into stroke prevention and treatment by demonstrating an association of stem cell paracrine-related cytokines with stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengbin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Postgraduate Research Institute, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tuo Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manfeng Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiyuan Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, No. 106 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, No. 106 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiayue Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanqi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangqing Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, No. 106 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yue Lan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aging Frailty and Neurorehabilitation, Guangzhou, China.
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Shui X, Chen J, Fu Z, Zhu H, Tao H, Li Z. Microglia in Ischemic Stroke: Pathogenesis Insights and Therapeutic Challenges. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3335-3352. [PMID: 38800598 PMCID: PMC11128258 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s461795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, which is the main cause of death and disability on a global scale. As the primary immune cells in the brain that are crucial for preserving homeostasis of the central nervous system microenvironment, microglia have been found to exhibit dual or even multiple effects at different stages of ischemic stroke. The anti-inflammatory polarization of microglia and release of neurotrophic factors may provide benefits by promoting neurological recovery at the lesion in the early phase after ischemic stroke. However, the pro-inflammatory polarization of microglia and secretion of inflammatory factors in the later phase of injury may exacerbate the ischemic lesion, suggesting the therapeutic potential of modulating the balance of microglial polarization to predispose them to anti-inflammatory transformation in ischemic stroke. Microglia-mediated signaling crosstalk with other cells may also be key to improving functional outcomes following ischemic stroke. Thus, this review provides an overview of microglial functions and responses under physiological and ischemic stroke conditions, including microglial activation, polarization, and interactions with other cells. We focus on approaches that promote anti-inflammatory polarization of microglia, inhibit microglial activation, and enhance beneficial cell-to-cell interactions. These targets may hold promise for the creation of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Shui
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingsong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyue Fu
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyue Zhu
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hualin Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyinqian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Soares AR, Picciotto MR. Nicotinic regulation of microglia: potential contributions to addiction. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:425-435. [PMID: 37778006 PMCID: PMC11189589 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies have identified immunosuppressive effects of nicotine, with potential implications for treating nicotine addiction. Here we review how nicotine can regulate microglia, the resident macrophages in the brain, and corresponding effects of nicotine on neuroimmune signaling. There is significant evidence that activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on microglia can trigger an anti-inflammatory cascade that alters microglial polarization and activity, cytokine release, and intracellular calcium concentrations, leading to neuroprotection. These anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine-dependent α7 nAChR signaling are lost during withdrawal, suggesting that neuroimmune signaling is potentiated during abstinence, and thus, heightened microglial activity may drive circuit disruption that contributes to withdrawal symptoms and hyperkatifeia. In sum, the clinical literature has highlighted immunomodulatory effects of nicotine and the potential for anti-inflammatory compounds to treat addiction. The preclinical literature investigating the underlying mechanisms points to a role of microglial engagement in the circuit dysregulation and behavioral changes that occur during nicotine addiction and withdrawal, driven, at least in part, by activation of α7 nAChRs on microglia. Specifically targeting microglial signaling may help alleviate withdrawal symptoms in people with nicotine dependence and help to promote abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa R Soares
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 34 Park Street-3rd floor Research, New Haven, CT, 06508, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06508, USA
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 34 Park Street-3rd floor Research, New Haven, CT, 06508, USA.
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06508, USA.
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7
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Wang X, Zhang S, Lv B, Chen H, Zhang W, Dong L, Bao L, Wang M, Wang Y, Mao W, Cui L, Pang Y, Wang F, Yan F, Zhang Z, Cui G. Circular RNA PTP4A2 regulates microglial polarization through STAT3 to promote neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14512. [PMID: 37869777 PMCID: PMC11017462 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microglial polarization plays a critical role in neuroinflammation and may be a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. This study was to explore the role and underlying molecular mechanism of Circular RNA PTP4A2 (circPTP4A2) in microglial polarization after ischemic stroke. METHODS C57BL/6J mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), while primary mouse microglia and BV2 microglial cells experienced oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to mimic ischemic conditions. CircPTP4A2 shRNA lentivirus and Colivelin were used to knock down circPTP4A2 and upregulate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, respectively. Microglial polarization was assessed using immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. RNA pull-down and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) were applied to detect the binding between circPTP4A2 and STAT3. RESULTS The levels of circPTP4A2 were significantly increased in plasma and peri-infarct cortex in tMCAO mice. CircPTP4A2 knockdown reduced infarct volume, increased cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF), and attenuated neurological deficits. It also decreased pro-inflammatory factors levels in peri-infarct cortex and plasma, and increased anti-inflammatory factors concentrations 24 h post-stroke. In addition, circPTP4A2 knockdown suppressed M1 microglial polarization and promoted M2 microglial polarization in both tMCAO mice and OGD/R-induced BV2 microglial cells. Moreover, circPTP4A2 knockdown inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation. In contrast, increased phosphorylation of STAT3 partly counteracted the effects of circPTP4A2 knockdown. RNA pull-down and RIP assays further certified the binding between circPTP4A2 and STAT3. CONCLUSION These results revealed regulatory mechanisms of circPTP4A2 that stimulated neuroinflammation by driving STAT3-dependent microglial polarization in ischemic brain injury. CircPTP4A2 knockdown reduced cerebral ischemic injury and promoted microglial M2 polarization, which could be a novel therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Shenyang Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Bingchen Lv
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Liguo Dong
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of GeriatricsThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Wenqi Mao
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Likun Cui
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Ye Pang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Fuling Yan
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated to ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zuohui Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Guiyun Cui
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
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Song S, Oft H, Metwally S, Paruchuri S, Bielanin J, Fiesler V, Sneiderman C, Kohanbash G, Sun D. Deletion of Slc9a1 in Cx3cr1 + cells stimulated microglial subcluster CREB1 signaling and microglia-oligodendrocyte crosstalk. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:69. [PMID: 38509618 PMCID: PMC10953158 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglial Na/H exchanger-1 (NHE1) protein, encoded by Slc9a1, plays a role in white matter demyelination of ischemic stroke brains. To explore underlying mechanisms, we conducted single cell RNA-seq transcriptome analysis in conditional Slc9a1 knockout (cKO) and wild-type (WT) mouse white matter tissues at 3 days post-stroke. Compared to WT, Nhe1 cKO brains expanded a microglial subgroup with elevated transcription of white matter myelination genes including Spp1, Lgals3, Gpnmb, and Fabp5. This subgroup also exhibited more acidic pHi and significantly upregulated CREB signaling detected by ingenuity pathway analysis and flow cytometry. Moreover, the Nhe1 cKO white matter tissues showed enrichment of a corresponding oligodendrocyte subgroup, with pro-phagocytosis and lactate shuffling gene expression, where activated CREB signaling is a likely upstream regulator. These findings demonstrate that attenuation of NHE1-mediated H+ extrusion acidifies microglia/macrophage and may underlie the stimulation of CREB1 signaling, giving rise to restorative microglia-oligodendrocyte interactions for remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Song
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Helena Oft
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shamseldin Metwally
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Satya Paruchuri
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John Bielanin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Victoria Fiesler
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chaim Sneiderman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gary Kohanbash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Zhang Y, Li J, Zhao Y, Huang Y, Shi Z, Wang H, Cao H, Wang C, Wang Y, Chen D, Chen S, Meng S, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Jiang Y, Gong Y, Gao Y. Arresting the bad seed: HDAC3 regulates proliferation of different microglia after ischemic stroke. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eade6900. [PMID: 38446877 PMCID: PMC10917353 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade6900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of self-renewed polarized microglia in the penumbra is a critical neuroinflammatory process after ischemic stroke, leading to secondary demyelination and neuronal loss. Although known to regulate tumor cell proliferation and neuroinflammation, HDAC3's role in microgliosis and microglial polarization remains unclear. We demonstrated that microglial HDAC3 knockout (HDAC3-miKO) ameliorated poststroke long-term functional and histological outcomes. RNA-seq analysis revealed mitosis as the primary process affected in HDAC3-deficent microglia following stroke. Notably, HDAC3-miKO specifically inhibited proliferation of proinflammatory microglia without affecting anti-inflammatory microglia, preventing microglial transition to a proinflammatory state. Moreover, ATAC-seq showed that HDAC3-miKO induced closing of accessible regions enriched with PU.1 motifs. Overexpressing microglial PU.1 via an AAV approach reversed HDAC3-miKO-induced proliferation inhibition and protective effects on ischemic stroke, indicating PU.1 as a downstream molecule that mediates HDAC3's effects on stroke. These findings uncovered that HDAC3/PU.1 axis, which mediated differential proliferation-related reprogramming in different microglia populations, drove poststroke inflammatory state transition, and contributed to pathophysiology of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yichen Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailian Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenran Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yana Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuning Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangfan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Gong
- Corresponding author. (Y.Gao); (Y.Gong)
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10
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Han X, Li Y, Chen X, Pan D, Mo J, Qiu J, Li Y, Chen Y, Huang Y, Shen Q, Tang Y. Platelet-activating factor antagonist-based intensive antiplatelet strategy in acute ischemic stroke: A propensity score matched with network pharmacology analysis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:4082-4092. [PMID: 37435773 PMCID: PMC10651968 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection (DGMI) is a platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) antagonist that can be used to treat acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of an intensive antiplatelet strategy based on PAFR antagonists and explored the underlying mechanisms of PAFR antagonists in AIS treatment. METHODS This is a retrospective study applying propensity score methods to match AIS patients treated with DGMI to nontreated patients. The primary outcome was functional independence (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0-2) at 90 days. The safety outcome was bleeding risk. We used McNemar test to compare the efficacy outcome. Subsequently, the network pharmacology analysis was performed. RESULTS 161 AIS patients treated with DGMI in the study were matched with 161 untreated patients. Compared with untreated patients, DGMI-treated patients had a significantly higher rate of mRS ranking 0-2 at 90 days (82.0% vs. 75.8%, p < 0.001), without increased risk of bleeding. The gene enrichment analysis showed that the overlap genes of DGMI targeted and AIS-related enriched in thrombosis and inflammatory-related signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS An intensive antiplatelet strategy of DGMI plus traditional antiplatelet agents is effective in treating AIS and may work by mediating post-stroke inflammation and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Han
- Department of NeurologyFirst People's Hospital of ZhaoqingZhaoqingPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Youjia Li
- Department of NeurologyFirst People's Hospital of ZhaoqingZhaoqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Dong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Junning Mo
- Department of NeurologyFirst People's Hospital of ZhaoqingZhaoqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Qiu
- Department of NeurologyFirst People's Hospital of ZhaoqingZhaoqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of NeurologyFirst People's Hospital of ZhaoqingZhaoqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of NeurologyFirst People's Hospital of ZhaoqingZhaoqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
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11
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Wang Y, Jiang A, Yan J, Wen D, Gu N, Li Z, Sun X, Wu Y, Guo Z. Inhibition of GPR17/ID2 Axis Improve Remyelination and Cognitive Recovery after SAH by Mediating OPC Differentiation in Rat Model. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01201-0. [PMID: 37935878 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Myelin sheath injury contributes to cognitive deficits following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17), a membrane receptor, negatively regulates oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation in both developmental and pathological contexts. Nonetheless, GPR17's role in modulating OPC differentiation, facilitating remyelination post SAH, and its interaction with downstream molecules remain elusive. In a rat SAH model induced by arterial puncture, OPCs expressing GPR17 proliferated prominently by day 14 post-onset, coinciding with compromised myelin sheath integrity and cognitive deficits. Selective Gpr17 knockdown in oligodendrocytes (OLs) via adeno-associated virus (AAV) administration revealed that reduced GPR17 levels promoted OPC differentiation, restored myelin sheath integrity, and improved cognitive deficits by day 14 post-SAH. Moreover, GPR17 knockdown attenuated the elevated expression of the inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) post-SAH, suggesting a GPR17-ID2 regulatory axis. Bi-directional modulation of ID2 expression in OLs using AAV unveiled that elevated ID2 counteracted the restorative effects of GPR17 knockdown. This resulted in hindered differentiation, exacerbated myelin sheath impairment, and worsened cognitive deficits. These findings highlight the pivotal roles of GPR17 and ID2 in governing OPC differentiation and axonal remyelination post-SAH. This study positions GPR17 as a potential therapeutic target for SAH intervention. The interplay between GPR17 and ID2 introduces a novel avenue for ameliorating cognitive deficits post-SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Anan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Daochen Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanhan County People's Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Nina Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zongduo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
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12
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Yao Z, Jiang J, Ju Y, Luo Y. Aging-related genes revealed Neuroinflammatory mechanisms in ischemic stroke by bioinformatics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21071. [PMID: 37954339 PMCID: PMC10637918 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of disability, morbidity, and mortality globally. Aging affects immune function and contributes to poor outcomes of IS in elderly individuals. However, little is known about how aging-related genes (ARGs) are involved in IS. In this study, the relationship between ARGs and IS immune microenvironment biomarkers was explored by bioinformatics. Two IS microarray datasets (GSE22255, GSE16561) from human blood samples were analyzed and 502 ARGs were identified, from which 29 differentially expressed ARGs were selected. Functional analysis revealed that 7 of these ARGs (IL1B, FOS, JUN, CXCL5, PTGS2, TNFAIP3 and TLR4) were involved in five top enriched pathways (IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, Rheumatoid arthritis, NF-kappa B signaling pathway and Pertussis) related to immune responses and inflammation. Five hub DE-ARGs (IL2RB, FOS, IL7R, ALDH2 and BIRC2) were identified using machine learning algorithms, and their association with immune-related characteristics was confirmed by additional tests. Single-cell sequencing dataset GSE129788 was retrieved to analyze aging molecular-related features, which was in accordance with microarray datasets. Clustering analysis revealed two subtypes of IS, which were distinguished by their differential expression of genes related to the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. These findings highlight the importance of ARGs in regulating immune responses in IS and suggest potential prevention and treatment strategies as well as guidelines for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Yao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Laboratory Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Laboratory Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yaxin Ju
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Laboratory Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Laboratory Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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13
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Sun X, Liu Z, Zhou L, Ma R, Zhang X, Wang T, Fu F, Wang Y. Escin avoids hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke by protecting BBB through the AMPK/Cav-1/MMP-9 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155071. [PMID: 37716034 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) seriously affects the clinical application of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). The main strategy for combating HT is to keep the blood-brain barrier (BBB) stable. Escin is the active ingredient of Aesculus hippocastanum and a natural mixture of triterpene saponins, and may play a part in mitigation of HT. PURPOSE This study sought to investigate the effect of Escin in improving rt-PA-induced HT, explore possible mechanisms, and provide new ideas for the treatment of clinical HT. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In in vivo experiments, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was undertaken in 6-week-old and 12-month-old mice, and rt-PA was administered to induce HT injury. The inhibitory effect of Escin on HT and its protective effect on neurobehavior, the BBB, and cerebrovascular endothelial cells was determined. In in vitro experiments, bEnd.3 cells were injured by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and rt-PA. The protective effect of Escin was measured by the CCK8 assay, release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins. In mechanistic studies, the effect of Escin on the adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase / caveolin-1 / matrix metalloprotease-9 (AMPK/Cav-1/MMP-9) pathway was investigated by employing AMPK inhibitor and Cav-1 siRNA. RESULTS In mice suffering from ischemia, rt-PA caused HT as well as damage to the BBB and cerebrovascular endothelial cells. Escin reduced the infarct volume, cerebral hemorrhage, improved neurobehavioral deficits, and maintained BBB integrity in rt-PA-treated tMCAO mice while attenuating bEnd.3 cells damage caused by rt-PA and OGD/R injury. Under physiological and pathological conditions, Escin increased the expression of p-AMPK and Cav-1, leading to decreased expression of MMP-9, which further attenuated damage to cerebrovascular endothelial cells, and these effects were verified with AMPK inhibitor and Cav-1 siRNA. CONCLUSION We revealed important details of how Escin protects cerebrovascular endothelial cells from HT, these effects were associated with the AMPK/Cav-1/MMP-9 pathway. This study provides experimental foundation for the development of new drugs to mitigate rt-PA-induced HT and the discovery of new clinical application for Escin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Zhaofeng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Runchen Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Yunjie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China.
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14
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Meng S, Cao H, Huang Y, Shi Z, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chen S, Shi H, Gao Y. ASK1-K716R reduces neuroinflammation and white matter injury via preserving blood-brain barrier integrity after traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:244. [PMID: 37875988 PMCID: PMC10594934 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant worldwide public health concern that necessitates attention. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a key player in various central nervous system (CNS) diseases, has garnered interest for its potential neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke and epilepsy when deleted. Nonetheless, the specific impact of ASK1 on TBI and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Notably, mutation of ATP-binding sites, such as lysine residues, can lead to catalytic inactivation of ASK1. To address these knowledge gaps, we generated transgenic mice harboring a site-specific mutant ASK1 Map3k5-e (K716R), enabling us to assess its effects and elucidate potential underlying mechanisms following TBI. METHODS We employed the CRIPR/Cas9 system to generate a transgenic mouse model carrying the ASK1-K716R mutation, aming to investigate the functional implications of this specific mutant. The controlled cortical impact method was utilized to induce TBI. Expression and distribution of ASK1 were detected through Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The ASK1 kinase activity after TBI was detected by a specific ASK1 kinase activity kit. Cerebral microvessels were isolated by gradient centrifugation using dextran. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. BBB ultrastructure was visualized using transmission electron microscopy, while the expression levels of endothelial tight junction proteins and ASK1 signaling pathway proteins was detected by Western blotting. To investigate TBI-induced neuroinflammation, we conducted immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry analyses. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining and electrophysiological compound action potentials were conducted to evaluate gray and white matter injury. Finally, sensorimotor function and cognitive function were assessed by a battery of behavioral tests. RESULTS The activity of ASK1-K716R was significantly decreased following TBI. Western blotting confirmed that ASK1-K716R effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of ASK1, JNKs, and p38 in response to TBI. Additionally, ASK1-K716R demonstrated a protective function in maintaining BBB integrity by suppressing ASK1/JNKs activity in endothelial cells, thereby reducing the degradation of tight junction proteins following TBI. Besides, ASK1-K716R effectively suppressed the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain parenchyma, decreased the number of proinflammatory-like microglia/macrophages, increased the number of anti-inflammatory-like microglia/macrophages, and downregulated expression of several proinflammatory factors. Furthermore, ASK1-K716R attenuated white matter injury and improved the nerve conduction function of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers after TBI. Finally, our findings demonstrated that ASK1-K716R exhibited favorable long-term functional and histological outcomes in the aftermath of TBI. CONCLUSION ASK1-K716R preserves BBB integrity by inhibiting ASK1/JNKs pathway in endothelial cells, consequently reducing the degradation of tight junction proteins. Additionally, it alleviates early neuroinflammation by inhibiting the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain parenchyma and modulating the polarization of microglia/macrophages. These beneficial effects of ASK1-K716R subsequently result in a reduction in white matter injury and promote the long-term recovery of neurological function following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yana Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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15
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Fan PL, Wang SS, Chu SF, Chen NH. Time-dependent dual effect of microglia in ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2023; 169:105584. [PMID: 37454817 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Stroke, the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide, is classified into ischemic or hemorrhagic, in which approximately 85% of strokes are ischemic. Ischemic stroke occurs as a result of arterial occlusion due to embolus or thrombus, with ischemia in the perfusion territory supplied by the occluded artery. The traditional concept that ischemic stroke is solely a vascular occlusion disorder has been expanded to include the dynamic interaction between microglia, astrocytes, neurons, vascular cells, and matrix components forming the "neurovascular unit." Acute ischemic stroke triggers a wide spectrum of neurovascular disturbances, glial activation, and secondary neuroinflammation that promotes further injury, ultimately resulting in neuronal death. Microglia, as the resident macrophages in the central nervous system, is one of the first responders to ischemic injury and plays a significant role in post-ischemic neuroinflammation. In this review, we reviewed the mechanisms of microglia in multiple stages of post-ischemic neuroinflammation development, including acute, sub-acute and chronic phases of stroke. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic variation and the time-dependent role of microglia in post-stroke neuroinflammation could aid in the search for more effective therapeutics and diagnostic strategies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Long Fan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Shi-Feng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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16
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Bedford R, Smith G, Rothwell E, Martin S, Medhane R, Casentieri D, Daunt A, Freiberg G, Hollings M. A multi-organ, lung-derived inflammatory response following in vitro airway exposure to cigarette smoke and next-generation nicotine delivery products. Toxicol Lett 2023; 387:35-49. [PMID: 37774809 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing use of in vitro models that closely resemble in vivo human biology, their application in understanding downstream effects of airway toxicity, such as inflammation, are at an early stage. In this study, we used various assays to examine the inflammatory response induced in MucilAir™ tissues and A549 cells exposed to three products known to induce toxicity. Reduced barrier integrity was observed in tissues following exposure to each product, with reduced viability and increased cytotoxicity also shown. Similar changes in viability were also observed in A549 cells. Furthermore, whole cigarette smoke (CS) induced downstream phenotypic THP-1 changes and endothelial cell adhesion, an early marker of atherosclerosis. In contrast, exposure to next-generation delivery product (NGP) aerosol did not induce this response. Cytokine, histological and RNA analysis highlighted increased biomarkers linked to inflammatory pathways and immune cell differentiation following exposure to whole cigarette smoke, including GM-CSF, IL-1β, cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome P450 enzymes. As a result of similar observations in human airway inflammation, we propose that our exposure platform could act as a representative model for studying such events in vitro. Furthermore, this model could be used to test the inflammatory or anti-inflammatory impact posed by inhaled compounds delivered to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bedford
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
| | - G Smith
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - E Rothwell
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - S Martin
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - R Medhane
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - D Casentieri
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - A Daunt
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - G Freiberg
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Eye, UK
| | - M Hollings
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
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17
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Samuels JD, Lotstein ML, Lehmann ML, Elkahloun AG, Banerjee S, Herkenham M. Chronic social defeat alters brain vascular-associated cell gene expression patterns leading to vascular dysfunction and immune system activation. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:154. [PMID: 37380974 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02827-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain vascular integrity is critical for brain health, and its disruption is implicated in many brain pathologies, including psychiatric disorders. Brain-vascular barriers are a complex cellular landscape composed of endothelial, glial, mural, and immune cells. Yet currently, little is known about these brain vascular-associated cells (BVACs) in health and disease. Previously, we demonstrated that 14 days of chronic social defeat (CSD), a mouse paradigm that produces anxiety and depressive-like behaviors, causes cerebrovascular damage in the form of scattered microbleeds. Here, we developed a technique to isolate barrier-related cells from the mouse brain and subjected the isolated cells to single-cell RNA sequencing. Using this isolation technique, we found an enrichment in BVAC populations, including distinct subsets of endothelial and microglial cells. In CSD compared to non-stress, home-cage control, differential gene expression patterns disclosed biological pathways involving vascular dysfunction, vascular healing, and immune system activation. Overall, our work demonstrates a unique technique to study BVAC populations from fresh brain tissue and suggests that neurovascular dysfunction is a key driver of psychosocial stress-induced brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Samuels
- Section on Functional Neuroanatomy, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, 409 Lane Road, MR-4 6154, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Madison L Lotstein
- Section on Functional Neuroanatomy, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael L Lehmann
- Section on Functional Neuroanatomy, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Abdel G Elkahloun
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Subhadra Banerjee
- Flow Cytometry Core, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Miles Herkenham
- Section on Functional Neuroanatomy, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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18
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Wen H, Tan J, Tian M, Wang Y, Gao Y, Gong Y. TGF-β1 ameliorates BBB injury and improves long-term outcomes in mice after ICH. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 654:136-144. [PMID: 36931108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating subtype of stroke characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates with no effective treatment. TGF-β/ALK-5 signaling is reported to participated in the regulation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in the inflammation pain model, the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and the potential mechanisms on BBB after ICH have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we have demonstrated that peripheral administration of TGF-β1 reduces brain edema and ameliorated BBB injury after ICH. Consistent with previous results, TGF-β1 is shown to promote activation of anti-inflammatory microglia and reduce the inflammatory response after ICH. Furthermore, TGF-β1 administration improves long-term outcomes after ICH. Our data suggest that TGF-β1 may be a promising therapeutic agent for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Waseem A, Rashid S, Rashid K, Khan MA, Khan R, Haque R, Seth P, Raza SS. Insight into the transcription factors regulating Ischemic Stroke and Glioma in Response to Shared Stimuli. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:102-127. [PMID: 37054904 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke and glioma are the two leading causes of patient mortality globally. Despite physiological variations, 1 in 10 people who have an ischemic stroke go on to develop brain cancer, most notably gliomas. In addition, glioma treatments have also been shown to increase the risk of ischemic strokes. Stroke occurs more frequently in cancer patients than in the general population, according to traditional literature. Unbelievably, these events share multiple pathways, but the precise mechanism underlying their co-occurrence remains unknown. Transcription factors (TFs), the main components of gene expression programmes, finally determine the fate of cells and homeostasis. Both ischemic stroke and glioma exhibit aberrant expression of a large number of TFs, which are strongly linked to the pathophysiology and progression of both diseases. The precise genomic binding locations of TFs and how TF binding ultimately relates to transcriptional regulation remain elusive despite a strong interest in understanding how TFs regulate gene expression in both stroke and glioma. As a result, the importance of continuing efforts to understand TF-mediated gene regulation is highlighted in this review, along with some of the primary shared events in stroke and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Waseem
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India
| | - Sumaiya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Rashid
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521
| | | | - Rehan Khan
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City,Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rizwanul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya -824236, India
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Section, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana-122052, India
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India
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20
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Liang Z, Lou Y, Hao Y, Li H, Feng J, Liu S. The Relationship of Astrocytes and Microglia with Different Stages of Ischemic Stroke. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2465-2480. [PMID: 37464832 PMCID: PMC10616922 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230718104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the predominant cause of severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. Post-stroke neuroinflammation has recently received increasing attention with the aim of providing a new effective treatment strategy for ischemic stroke. Microglia and astrocytes are major components of the innate immune system of the central nervous system. They can be involved in all phases of ischemic stroke, from the early stage, contributing to the first wave of neuronal cell death, to the late stage involving phagocytosis and repair. In the early stage of ischemic stroke, a vicious cycle exists between the activation of microglia and astrocytes (through astrocytic connexin 43 hemichannels), aggravating neuroinflammatory injury post-stroke. However, in the late stage of ischemic stroke, repeatedly activated microglia can induce the formation of glial scars by triggering reactive astrogliosis in the peri-infarct regions, which may limit the movement of activated microglia in reverse and restrict the diffusion of inflammation to healthy brain tissues, alleviating the neuroinflammatory injury poststroke. In this review, we elucidated the various roles of astrocytes and microglia and summarized their relationship with neuroinflammation. We also examined how astrocytes and microglia influence each other at different stages of ischemic stroke. Several potential therapeutic approaches targeting astrocytes and microglia in ischemic stroke have been reviewed. Understanding the details of astrocytemicroglia interaction processes will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke, contributing to the identification of new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingyue Lou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulei Hao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Songyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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21
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Monsour M, Croci DM, Agazzi S, Borlongan CV. Contemplating IL-6, a double-edged sword cytokine: Which side to use for stroke pathology? CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:493-497. [PMID: 36478506 PMCID: PMC9873516 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 is a unique cytokine due to its dual signaling, with one pathway being pro-inflammatory (trans) and the other homeostatic (classical). Both of these pathways have been implicated in neuroinflammation following stroke, with initial inflammatory mechanisms being protective and later anti-inflammatory signaling promoting ischemic tissue recovery. IL-6 plays a major role in stroke pathology. However, given these distinctive IL-6 signaling consequences, IL-6 is a difficult cytokine to target for stroke therapies. Recent research suggests that the ratio between the pro-inflammatory binary IL6:sIL6R complex and the inactive ternary IL6:sIL6R:sgp130 complex may be a novel way to measure IL-6 signaling at different time points following ischemic injury. This ratio may approximate functional consequences on individualized stroke therapies, allowing clinicians to determine whether IL-6 agonists or antagonists should be used at specific time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Monsour
- University of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Davide M. Croci
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain RepairUniversity of South Florida, Morsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Siviero Agazzi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain RepairUniversity of South Florida, Morsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain RepairUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
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22
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Walter HL, Pikhovych A, Endepols H, Rotthues S, Bärmann J, Backes H, Hoehn M, Wiedermann D, Neumaier B, Fink GR, Rüger MA, Schroeter M. Transcranial-Direct-Current-Stimulation Accelerates Motor Recovery After Cortical Infarction in Mice: The Interplay of Structural Cellular Responses and Functional Recovery. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2022; 36:701-714. [PMID: 36124996 DOI: 10.1177/15459683221124116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) promotes recovery after stroke in humans. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain to be elucidated. Animal models suggest tDCS effects on neuroinflammation, stem cell proliferation, neurogenesis, and neural plasticity. OBJECTIVE In a longitudinal study, we employed tDCS in the subacute and chronic phase after experimental focal cerebral ischemia in mice to explore the relationship between functional recovery and cellular processes. METHODS Mice received photothrombosis in the right motor cortex, verified by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. A composite neuroscore quantified subsequent functional deficits. Mice received tDCS daily: either 5 sessions from day 5 to 9, or 10 sessions with days 12 to 16 in addition. TDCS with anodal or cathodal polarity was compared to sham stimulation. Further imaging to assess proliferation and neuroinflammation was performed by immunohistochemistry at different time points and Positron Emission Tomography at the end of the observation time of 3 weeks. RESULTS Cathodal tDCS at 198 kC/m2 (220 A/m2) between days 5 and 9 accelerated functional recovery, increased neurogenesis, decreased microglial activation, and mitigated CD16/32-expression associated with M1-phenotype. Anodal tDCS exerted similar effects on neurogenesis and microglial polarization but not on recovery of function or microglial activation. TDCS on days 12 to 16 after stroke did not induce any further effects, suggesting that the therapeutic time window was closed by then. CONCLUSION Overall, data suggest that non-invasive neuromodulation by tDCS impacts neurogenesis and microglial activation as critical cellular processes influencing functional recovery during the early phase of regeneration from focal cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Luise Walter
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anton Pikhovych
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heike Endepols
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Steffen Rotthues
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Bärmann
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiko Backes
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dirk Wiedermann
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gereon Rudolf Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Maria Adele Rüger
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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23
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Mou W, Ma L, Zhu A, Cui H, Huang Y. Astrocyte-microglia interaction through C3/C3aR pathway modulates neuropathic pain in rats model of chronic constriction injury. Mol Pain 2022; 18:17448069221140532. [PMID: 36341694 PMCID: PMC9669679 DOI: 10.1177/17448069221140532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is the cardinal symptom of neural injury, and its underlying molecular mechanism needs further investigation. Complements, especially complement 3 (C3), are involved in the pathophysiology of many neurological disorders, while the specific role of C3 in NP is still obscure. In this study, we found that both C3 and its receptor C3aR were upregulated in the spinal dorsal horn in a rat chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. In addition, C3 was mainly detected in astrocytes, while C3aR was expressed in microglia and neuron. Intrathecal injection of C3 antibody and C3aR antagonist alleviated NP in CCI model together with reduced M1 polarization of microglia. Our finding suggested that blockade of the C3/C3aR pathway might be a novel strategy for NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Mou
- Department of Anesthesiology,
Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology,
Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Afang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology,
Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy,
Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Center, Institute of Basic Medical
Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical
College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology,
Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
Hospital, Beijing, China
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