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Gao M, Wang X, Su S, Feng W, Lai Y, Huang K, Cao D, Wang Q. Meningeal lymphatic vessel crosstalk with central nervous system immune cells in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:763-778. [PMID: 38886941 PMCID: PMC11433890 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Meningeal lymphatic vessels form a relationship between the nervous system and periphery, which is relevant in both health and disease. Meningeal lymphatic vessels not only play a key role in the drainage of brain metabolites but also contribute to antigen delivery and immune cell activation. The advent of novel genomic technologies has enabled rapid progress in the characterization of myeloid and lymphoid cells and their interactions with meningeal lymphatic vessels within the central nervous system. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted roles of meningeal lymphatic vessels within the context of the central nervous system immune network, highlighting recent discoveries on the immunological niche provided by meningeal lymphatic vessels. Furthermore, we delve into the mechanisms of crosstalk between meningeal lymphatic vessels and immune cells in the central nervous system under both homeostatic conditions and neurodegenerative diseases, discussing how these interactions shape the pathological outcomes. Regulation of meningeal lymphatic vessel function and structure can influence lymphatic drainage, cerebrospinal fluid-borne immune modulators, and immune cell populations in aging and neurodegenerative disorders, thereby playing a key role in shaping meningeal and brain parenchyma immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghuang Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shijie Su
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weicheng Feng
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaona Lai
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kongli Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dandan Cao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Farzad Maroufi S, Sadegh Fallahi M, Parmis Maroufi S, Sheehan JP. Focused ultrasound blood-brain barrier disruption in high-grade gliomas: Scoping review of clinical studies. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 128:110786. [PMID: 39146579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.110786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This scoping review aims to comprehensively review the available literature on the safety and efficacy of focused ultrasound (FUS) for blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) in patients with high-grade gliomas, including glioblastoma (GBM). High-grade gliomas pose significant challenges in neuro-oncology due to their aggressiveness and intricate location, often limiting the efficacy of traditional treatments. FUS offers a promising approach by transiently disrupting the blood-brain barrier, thereby facilitating enhanced drug delivery to tumor cells while minimizing systemic side effects. METHODS A scoping review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted to explore the literature on FUS-induced BBBD in glioma patients. PubMed and Embase databases were searched from inception to April 2024 using defined keywords. Original clinical studies focusing on FUS for BBBD in gliomas were included. Two reviewers independently screened records, with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed accordingly. RESULTS A total of 1,310 studies were initially identified, resulting in nine eligible studies after screening and selection. These studies, published between 2016 and 2024, included 106 patients (39.6 % female) with ages ranging from 29 to 80 years. Recurrent GBM was the most common diagnosis (100 patients), with other diagnoses including anaplastic astrocytoma, diffuse infiltrating glioma, and oligodendroglioma. Various FUS devices and microbubble contrast agents were employed across the studies. Safety and efficacy were assessed in both experimental and clinical settings, with no significant adverse events reported during BBBD procedures. Notably, BBBD facilitated enhanced drug delivery to tumor tissue, demonstrating potential therapeutic benefits. CONCLUSION Studies investigating BBBD using FUS demonstrate promising outcomes in experimental and clinical settings. BBBD procedures in patients with malignant gliomas and recurrent GBM show safety and successful enhancement of drug delivery potential. Overall, FUS-mediated BBBD emerges as a safe and feasible approach for improving therapeutic outcomes in brain tumor patients, warranting further clinical exploration and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Farzad Maroufi
- Neurosurgical Research Network (NRN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Fallahi
- Neurosurgical Research Network (NRN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Parmis Maroufi
- Neurosurgical Research Network (NRN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.
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Qi Y, Yan Y, Tang D, Han J, Zhu X, Cui M, Wu H, Tao Y, Fan F. Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms in COPD: Current Status and Therapeutic Prospects. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:6603-6618. [PMID: 39318994 PMCID: PMC11421452 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s478568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) currently ranks among the top three causes of mortality worldwide, presenting as a prevalent and complex respiratory ailment. Ongoing research has underscored the pivotal role of immune function in the onset and progression of COPD. The immune response in COPD patients exhibits abnormalities, characterized by diminished anti-infection capacity due to immune senescence, heightened activation of neutrophils and macrophages, T cell infiltration, and aberrant B cell activity, collectively contributing to airway inflammation and lung injury in COPD. Objective This review aimed to explore the pivotal role of the immune system in COPD and its therapeutic potential. Methods We conducted a review of immunity and COPD published within the past decade in the Web of Science and PubMed databases, sorting through and summarizing relevant literature. Results This article examines the pivotal roles of the immune system in COPD. Understanding the specific functions and interactions of these immune cells could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies and interventions aimed at controlling inflammation, enhancing immune function, and mitigating the impact of respiratory infections in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Han
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengting Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangtian Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
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Bayati A, McPherson PS. Alpha-synuclein, autophagy-lysosomal pathway, and Lewy bodies: Mutations, propagation, aggregation, and the formation of inclusions. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107742. [PMID: 39233232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Research into the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is a fast-paced pursuit, with new findings about PD and other synucleinopathies being made each year. The involvement of various lysosomal proteins, such as TFEB, TMEM175, GBA, and LAMP1/2, marks the rising awareness about the importance of lysosomes in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders. This, along with recent developments regarding the involvement of microglia and the immune system in neurodegenerative diseases, has brought about a new era in neurodegeneration: the role of proinflammatory cytokines on the nervous system, and their downstream effects on mitochondria, lysosomal degradation, and autophagy. More effort is needed to understand the interplay between neuroimmunology and disease mechanisms, as many of the mechanisms remain enigmatic. α-synuclein, a key protein in PD and the main component of Lewy bodies, sits at the nexus between lysosomal degradation, autophagy, cellular stress, neuroimmunology, PD pathophysiology, and disease progression. This review revisits some fundamental knowledge about PD while capturing some of the latest trends in PD research, specifically as it relates to α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Bayati
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill, University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill, University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Shi X, Wang Y, Yin Y, Yang F, Zhang Y, He X, Wen D, Ma K, Li BX. Analysis of the Relationship Between Parkinson's Disease and Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Bioinformatics Methods. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6395-6406. [PMID: 38308666 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to explore the relationship and potential mechanism between Parkinson's disease (PD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) using bioinformatics methods. We first examined the causal relationship between PD and DR by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The datasets of PD and DR patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, we performed the Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and immune infiltration analysis. We also constructed a protein-protein interaction network and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, an online website was used for drug prediction. The MR analysis demonstrated a causal relationship between DR and PD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79-0.93; p = 3.24E - 04), in which DR acted as a protective factor against PD. There were 81 DEGs identified from the PD and DR datasets, of which 29 genes had protein interaction relationships, and enrichment analysis showed that these genes were mainly related to immune pathways. As indicated by immune cell infiltration analysis, the expression of immune cells between PD and the control group was significantly different. ROC curve results showed five genes had diagnostic value, and several potential chemical compounds were predicted to target the genes. Our findings demonstrate a reduced risk of PD in patients with DR. We also found that PD and DR are closely related in terms of inflammation, which provides clues for further exploring the common mechanisms and interaction of these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinYu Shi
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - YiNi Wang
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - YaPing Yin
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - YiNan Zhang
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Xin He
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China, 150081
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 962nd Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, 45 Xuefu Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China, 150006
| | - Da Wen
- Academic Affairs Office, Main Building, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Kun Ma
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China, 150081.
| | - Bai-Xiang Li
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China, 150081.
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Wu X, Xia P, Yang L, Lu C, Lu Z. The roles of long non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, treatment, and their involvement in Alzheimer's disease immune responses. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:659-666. [PMID: 38577023 PMCID: PMC10987299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent type of dementia, presenting a substantial danger to the health and well-being of the aged population. It has arisen as a significant public health problem with considerable socioeconomic repercussions. Unfortunately, no effective treatments or diagnostic tools are available for Alzheimer's disease. Despite substantial studies on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's, the molecular pathways underpinning its development remain poorly understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) vary in size from 200 nucleotides to over 100 kilobytes and have been found to play critical roles in various vital biological processes that play critical in developing Alzheimer's disease. This review intends to examine the functions of long non-coding RNAs in diagnosing and treating Alzheimer's disease and their participation in immunological responses associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoben Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Pengcheng Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Medical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiming Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Jin Y, Cai D, Mo L, Jing G, Zeng L, Cheng H, Guo Q, Dai M, Wang Y, Chen J, Chen G, Li X, Shi S. Multifunctional nanogel loaded with cerium oxide nanozyme and CX3CL1 protein: Targeted immunomodulation and retinal protection in uveitis rat model. Biomaterials 2024; 309:122617. [PMID: 38788457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Effectively addressing retinal issues represents a pivotal aspect of blindness-related diseases. Novel approaches involving reducing inflammation and rebalancing the immune response are paramount in the treatment of these conditions. This study delves into the potential of a nanogel system comprising polyethylenimine-benzene boric acid-hyaluronic acid (PEI-PBA-HA). We have evaluated the collaborative impact of cerium oxide nanozyme and chemokine CX3CL1 protein for targeted immunomodulation and retinal protection in uveitis models. Our nanogel system specifically targets the posterior segment of the eyes. The synergistic effect in this area reduces oxidative stress and hampers the activation of microglia, thereby alleviating the pathological immune microenvironment. This multifaceted drug delivery system disrupts the cycle of oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune response, suppressing initial immune cells and limiting local retinal structural damage induced by excessive immune reactions. Our research sheds light on interactions within retinal target cells, providing a promising avenue for the development of efficient and innovative drug delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Danyang Cai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Lihua Mo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Gaosa Jing
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Li Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Hui Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Qi Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Mali Dai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Jinrun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada; Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada.
| | - Xingyi Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Shuai Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Wu M, Fletcher EL, Chinnery HR, Downie LE, Mueller SN. Redefining our vision: an updated guide to the ocular immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01064-y. [PMID: 39215057 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Balanced immune responses in the eyes are crucial to preserve vision. The ocular immune system has long been considered distinct, owing to the so-called 'immune privilege' of its component tissues. More recently, intravital imaging and transcriptomic techniques have reshaped scientific understanding of the ocular immune landscape, such as revealing the specialization of immune cell populations in the various tissues of the eye. As knowledge of the phenotypes of corneal and retinal immune cells has evolved, links to both the systemic immune system, and the central and peripheral nervous systems, have been identified. Using intravital imaging, T cells have recently been found to reside in, and actively patrol, the healthy human cornea. Disease-associated retinal microglia with links to retinal degeneration have also been identified. This Review provides an updated guide to the ocular immune system, highlighting current knowledge of the immune cells that are present in steady-state and specific diseased ocular tissues, as well as evidence for their relationship to systemic disease. In addition, we discuss emerging intravital imaging techniques that can be used to visualize immune cell morphology and dynamics in living human eyes and how these could be applied to advance understanding of the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliang Wu
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erica L Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Holly R Chinnery
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
- Optometry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Liu S, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Wu P, Tian S, Zhang M, Lang L, Li L, Wang R, Liu H, Zhang J, Mao X, Li S. Causal association between blood leukocyte counts and vascular dementia: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19582. [PMID: 39179767 PMCID: PMC11344047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
While previous observational studies have suggested a link between leukocyte counts and vascular dementia (VD), the causal relationship between leukocyte counts and various subtypes of VD remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between five types of leukocyte counts and VD, with the goal of improving prevention and treatment strategies. In this study, leukocyte counts were used as the exposure variable, with genome-wide association study (GWAS) data sourced from both the UK Biobank and the Blood Cell Consortium. Additionally, GWAS data for five subtypes of vascular dementia were obtained from the FinnGen database. We conducted rigorous statistical analysis and visualization using Mendelian randomization (MR) to elucidate the potential causal relationship between leukocyte counts and vascular dementia. This study, utilizing MR analysis with data from the UK Biobank and Blood Cell Consortium, identified significant causal associations between increased lymphocyte counts and VD. Specifically, lymphocyte counts were found to be causally related to multiple and mixed VD subtypes. Sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO tests, confirmed the robustness of these findings, with no evidence of reverse causality or significant horizontal pleiotropy detected. The results underscore a potential inflammatory or immunological mechanism in the pathogenesis of VD, highlighting lymphocytes as a key component in their etiology. This investigation establishes a robust association between elevated lymphocyte and leukocyte counts and an increased risk of VD, emphasizing the roles of inflammation, immune activation, and hematological factors in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chenwei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yukai Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhifang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shouyuan Tian
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Limin Lang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Jingfen Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaolu Mao
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang , Liaoning, China
| | - Sijin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Islam MR, Rabbi MA, Hossain T, Sultana S, Uddin S. Mechanistic Approach to Immunity and Immunotherapy of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39173186 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss, affecting millions of people worldwide. Traditional treatments, such as cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists, offer limited symptomatic relief without addressing the underlying disease mechanisms. These limitations have driven the development of more potent and effective therapies. Recent advances in immunotherapy present promising avenues for AD treatment. Immunotherapy strategies, including both active and passive approaches, harness the immune system to target and mitigate AD-related pathology. Active immunotherapy stimulates the patient's immune response to produce antibodies against AD-specific antigens, while passive immunotherapy involves administering preformed antibodies or immune cells that specifically target amyloid-β (Aβ) or tau proteins. Monoclonal antibodies, such as aducanumab and lecanemab, have shown potential in reducing Aβ plaques and slowing cognitive decline in clinical trials, despite challenges related to adverse immune responses and the need for precise targeting. This comprehensive review explores the role of the immune system in AD, evaluates the current successes and limitations of immunotherapeutic approaches, and discusses future directions for enhancing the treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rubiath Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md Afser Rabbi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Tanbir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Shihab Uddin
- Department of Bioengineering, King Fahad University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Bio Systems and Machines, King Fahad University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran-31261, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Khalatyan AS, Shishparenok AN, Avetisov KS, Gladilina YA, Blinova VG, Zhdanov DD. Association of Telomere Length in T Lymphocytes, B Lymphocytes, NK Cells and Monocytes with Different Forms of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1893. [PMID: 39200358 PMCID: PMC11351114 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age plays a primary role in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Telomere length (TL) is one of the most relevant biomarkers of aging. In our study, we aimed to determine the association of TL with T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells or monocytes with different forms of AMD. METHODS Our study included 62 patients with AMD: geographic atrophy (GA), neovascular AMD (NVAMD) with and without macular atrophy and 22 healthy controls. Each leukocyte subtype was isolated from peripheral blood by immunomagnetic separation, and the DNA was purified. The TL in the genomic DNA was determined using qPCR by amplifying the telomere region with specific oligonucleotide primers and normalizing to the control gene. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.5.1. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant increase in TL in the T cells between the control and NVAMD groups but not for the GA group. The B cells and monocytes showed a significant decrease in TL in all AMD groups. The TL in the NK cells did not decrease in any of the AMD groups. CONCLUSIONS The TL in the monocytes had the strongest association with AMD. It reflects a person's "telomeric status" and may become a diagnostic hallmark of these degenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anait S. Khalatyan
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11A, B, Rossolimo Str., Moscow 119021, Russia;
| | - Anastasiya N. Shishparenok
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121, Russia; (A.N.S.); (Y.A.G.); (V.G.B.); (D.D.Z.)
| | - Konstantin S. Avetisov
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11A, B, Rossolimo Str., Moscow 119021, Russia;
| | - Yulia A. Gladilina
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121, Russia; (A.N.S.); (Y.A.G.); (V.G.B.); (D.D.Z.)
| | - Varvara G. Blinova
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121, Russia; (A.N.S.); (Y.A.G.); (V.G.B.); (D.D.Z.)
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121, Russia; (A.N.S.); (Y.A.G.); (V.G.B.); (D.D.Z.)
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12
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Li Y, Xiang Y, Mou B, Song X. Causal influence of immune factors on the risk of diabetic retinopathy: a mendelian randomization study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:194. [PMID: 39135059 PMCID: PMC11318264 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent microvascular complication in diabetic patients. Various mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of DR. Previous studies have observed the relationship between immune factors and DR, but the causal relationship has not been determined. METHODS We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of 731 immune cells and DR, using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics, to evaluate potential causal relationships between them. Four types of immune traits were included in the analysis through flow cytometry. GWAS statistics for DR were obtained from the Finngen database, which performed GWAS on 190,594 European individuals (Ncase = 14,584, Ncontrol = 176,010) to assess genetically predicted DR. The primary method used to perform causality analysis was inverse variance weighting (IVW). RESULTS Following false discovery rate (FDR) correction, 11MFI-DR, 5AC-DR, 5RC-DR, and 1MP-DR reached a significant causal association level (PFDR < 0.05). Notably, all AC traits exhibited potential associations with a decreased risk of DR(OR < 1), while a majority of MFI traits, along with the singular MP trait, exhibited potential associations with an increased risk of DR (OR > 1). The highest proportion of T-cell subsets in the final results. CONCLUSION This study elucidates that the progression of DR is intricately influenced by immune responses, thereby confirming the immunological susceptibility of DR. Our findings may offer new targets for diagnosing and treating DR, as well as aid in developing therapeutic strategies from an immunological standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei Province, China
- Ophthalmology Center, The Central Hospital Of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Ophthalmology Center, The Central Hospital Of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Institute of Selenium and Human Health, Enshi, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo Mou
- Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei Province, China
- Ophthalmology Center, The Central Hospital Of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiusheng Song
- Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei Province, China.
- Ophthalmology Center, The Central Hospital Of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, Hubei Province, China.
- Hubei Institute of Selenium and Human Health, Enshi, Hubei Province, China.
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13
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Sharma M, Pal P, Gupta SK. Microglial mediators in autoimmune Uveitis: Bridging neuroprotection and neurotoxicity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112309. [PMID: 38810304 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis, a severe inflammatory condition of the eye, poses significant challenges due to its complex pathophysiology and the critical balance between protective and detrimental immune responses. Central to this balance are microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, whose roles in autoimmune uveitis are multifaceted and dynamic. This review article delves into the dual nature of microglial functions, oscillating between neuroprotective and neurotoxic outcomes in the context of autoimmune uveitis. Initially, we explore the fundamental aspects of microglia, including their activation states and basic functions, setting the stage for a deeper understanding of their involvement in autoimmune uveitis. The review then navigates through the intricate mechanisms by which microglia contribute to disease onset and progression, highlighting both their protective actions in immune regulation and tissue repair, and their shift towards a pro-inflammatory, neurotoxic profile. Special emphasis is placed on the detailed pathways and cellular interactions underpinning these dual roles. Additionally, the review examines the potential of microglial markers as diagnostic and prognostic indicators, offering insights into their clinical relevance. The article culminates in discussing future research directions, and the ongoing challenges in translating these findings into effective clinical applications. By providing a comprehensive overview of microglial mechanisms in autoimmune uveitis, this review underscores the critical balance of microglial activities and its implications for disease management and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sukesh Kumar Gupta
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences (OVAS), School of Medicine, Wayne State University, USA.
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14
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Donkor N, Gardner JJ, Bradshaw JL, Cunningham RL, Inman DM. Ocular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress as a Result of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia: A Rat Model of Sleep Apnea. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:878. [PMID: 39061946 PMCID: PMC11273423 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by intermittent complete or partial occlusion of the airway. Despite a recognized association between OSA and glaucoma, the nature of the underlying link remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether mild OSA induces morphological, inflammatory, and metabolic changes in the retina resembling those seen in glaucoma using a rat model of OSA known as chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Rats were randomly assigned to either normoxic or CIH groups. The CIH group was exposed to periodic hypoxia during its sleep phase with oxygen reduction from 21% to 10% and reoxygenation in 6 min cycles over 8 h/day. The eyes were subsequently enucleated, and then the retinas were evaluated for retinal ganglion cell number, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, metabolic changes, and hypoxic response modulation using immunohistochemistry, multiplex assays, and capillary electrophoresis. Statistically significant differences were observed between normoxic and CIH groups for oxidative stress and inflammation, with CIH resulting in increased HIF-1α protein levels, higher oxidative stress marker 8-OHdG, and increased TNF-α. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 protein was significantly reduced with CIH. No significant differences were found in retinal ganglion cell number. Our findings suggest that CIH induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and upregulation of HIF-1α in the retina, akin to early-stage glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Donkor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (N.D.); (J.J.G.); (J.L.B.); (R.L.C.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Gardner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (N.D.); (J.J.G.); (J.L.B.); (R.L.C.)
| | - Jessica L. Bradshaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (N.D.); (J.J.G.); (J.L.B.); (R.L.C.)
| | - Rebecca L. Cunningham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (N.D.); (J.J.G.); (J.L.B.); (R.L.C.)
| | - Denise M. Inman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (N.D.); (J.J.G.); (J.L.B.); (R.L.C.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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15
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Zhou P, Liu W, Ma J. Roles of Menin in T cell differentiation and function: Current knowledge and perspectives. Immunology 2024. [PMID: 39011567 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The commitment to specific T lymphocytes (T cell) lineages is governed by distinct transcription factors, whose expression is modulated through epigenetic mechanisms. Unravelling these epigenetic mechanisms that regulate T cell differentiation and function holds significant importance for understanding T cells. Menin, a multifunctional scaffolding protein, is implicated in various cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, cell cycle control, DNA repair and transcriptional regulation, primarily through epigenetic mechanisms. Existing research indicates Menin's impact on T cell differentiation and function, while a comprehensive and systematic review is currently lacking to consolidate these findings. In the current review, we have highlighted recent studies on the role of Menin in T cell differentiation and function, focusing mainly on its impact on the memory Th2 maintenance, Th17 differentiation and maintenance, CD4+ T cell senescence, and effector CD8+ T cell survival. Considering Menin's crucial function in maintaining effector T cell function, the potential of inhibiting Menin activity in mitigating inflammatory diseases associated with excessive T cell activation has also been emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weiru Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Immunology, Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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16
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Zhang E, Chen T, Chen Y, Long C, Tao L, Shen X, Dai F. The role of Immune cells in Alzheimer's disease: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1433691. [PMID: 39076206 PMCID: PMC11284151 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1433691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia, characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, leading to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. The role of the immune system in AD pathogenesis is increasingly recognized, prompting an exploration of the causal relationship between immune cells and AD by using Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches. Methods Utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from European cohorts, we conducted an MR study to investigate the causal links between immune cell phenotypes and AD. We selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with immune cell traits at a genome-wide significance threshold and applied various MR methods, including MR Egger, Weighted median, and inverse variance weighted analysis, to assess the causality between 731 immune phenotypes and AD. Results Our MR analysis identified 15 immune cell types with significant causal relationships to AD pathogenesis. Notably, the absolute count of CD28-CD4-CD8- T cells and the expression of HLA DR on B cells were linked to a protective effect against AD, while 13 other immune phenotypes were identified as contributing to the risk factors for the disease. The causal effects of AD on immunophenotypic traits are predominantly negative, implying that AD may impair the functionality of immune cells. Validation through independent datasets, such as FinnGen and GCST90027158, confirmed the causal association between six specific immune cells and AD. Conclusion This comprehensive MR study elucidates the intricate network of causal relationships between diverse immunophenotypic traits and AD, providing novel insights into the immunopathogenesis of AD. The findings suggest potential immunological targets that could be leveraged for early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- The Pharmacy Department, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanqin Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chenxiang Long
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Fengqiu Dai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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17
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Yang K, Wang X, Pan H, Wang X, Hu Y, Yao Y, Zhao X, Sun T. The roles of AIM2 in neurodegenerative diseases: insights and therapeutic implications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1441385. [PMID: 39076969 PMCID: PMC11284019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1441385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM2, a cytosolic innate immune receptor, has the capability to recognize double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). This paper delineates the structural features of AIM2 and its mechanisms of activation, emphasizing its capacity to detect cytosolic DNA and initiate inflammasome assembly. Additionally, we explore the diverse functions of AIM2 in different cells. Insights into AIM2-mediated neuroinflammation provide a foundation for investigating novel therapeutic strategies targeting AIM2 signaling pathways. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive review of the roles of AIM2 in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Finally, we discuss its therapeutic implications. In conclusion, a profound understanding of AIM2 in neurodegenerative diseases may facilitate the development of effective interventions to mitigate neuronal damage and slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanyu Pan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinqing Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yunhan Hu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihe Yao
- Institute of WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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Kośliński P, Rzepiński Ł, Koba M, Maciejek Z, Kowalewski M, Daghir-Wojtkowiak E. Comparative Analysis of Serum Amino Acid Profiles in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis and Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4083. [PMID: 39064122 PMCID: PMC11277976 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are autoimmune diseases that attack the central nervous system (CNS) and the neuromuscular junction, respectively. As the common pathogenesis of both diseases is associated with an autoimmune background and the involvement of T and B lymphocytes, the overlapping of selected clinical symptoms may cause difficulties in the differential diagnosis of both diseases. Methods: The aim of the study was to use Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) in conjunction with multivariate statistical analyses to examine the changes in amino acid metabolic profiles between patients with MG, MS, and a control group. Results: Comparative analysis of amino acids (AA) between patients with MG, MS, and within the control group allowed for the identification of statistically significant differences in the amino acid profile. Comparing the patients (patients with MS and MG) with the control group, and after taking the results of multiple tests into account, it was observed that amino acids such as ARG, PRO, TRP, CIT were significantly different between the groups. When considering the comparison between the AA concentrations in MS and MG patients, we found three AAs that were significantly different in the MS and MG groups, after correcting for multiple testing (CIT, GABA, and AAA). Higher concentrations of amino acids that showed significant differences were observed in patients with myasthenia gravis. Conclusions: Our results have indicated AAs that may prove valuable for improving the diagnostics of MS and MG patients. To better assess the potential utility of these markers, their performance requires further validation in a larger study group and limitation of possible confounding factors, e.g., medications and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kośliński
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Rzepiński
- Department of Neurology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, Powstańców Warszawy 5, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (Ł.R.); (Z.M.)
- Sanitas—Neurology Outpatient Clinic, 85-010 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Koba
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Zdzisław Maciejek
- Department of Neurology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, Powstańców Warszawy 5, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (Ł.R.); (Z.M.)
- Sanitas—Neurology Outpatient Clinic, 85-010 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Farris T, González-Ochoa S, Mohammed M, Rajakaruna H, Tonello J, Kanagasabai T, Korolkova O, Shimamoto A, Ivanova A, Shanker A. Loss of Mitochondrial Tusc2/Fus1 Triggers a Brain Pro-Inflammatory Microenvironment and Early Spatial Memory Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7406. [PMID: 39000512 PMCID: PMC11242373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain pathological changes impair cognition early in disease etiology. There is an urgent need to understand aging-linked mechanisms of early memory loss to develop therapeutic strategies and prevent the development of cognitive impairment. Tusc2 is a mitochondrial-resident protein regulating Ca2+ fluxes to and from mitochondria impacting overall health. We previously reported that Tusc2-/- female mice develop chronic inflammation and age prematurely, causing age- and sex-dependent spatial memory deficits at 5 months old. Therefore, we investigated Tusc2-dependent mechanisms of memory impairment in 4-month-old mice, comparing changes in resident and brain-infiltrating immune cells. Interestingly, Tusc2-/- female mice demonstrated a pro-inflammatory increase in astrocytes, expression of IFN-γ in CD4+ T cells and Granzyme-B in CD8+T cells. We also found fewer FOXP3+ T-regulatory cells and Ly49G+ NK and Ly49G+ NKT cells in female Tusc2-/- brains, suggesting a dampened anti-inflammatory response. Moreover, Tusc2-/- hippocampi exhibited Tusc2- and sex-specific protein changes associated with brain plasticity, including mTOR activation, and Calbindin and CamKII dysregulation affecting intracellular Ca2+ dynamics. Overall, the data suggest that dysregulation of Ca2+-dependent processes and a heightened pro-inflammatory brain microenvironment in Tusc2-/- mice could underlie cognitive impairment. Thus, strategies to modulate the mitochondrial Tusc2- and Ca2+- signaling pathways in the brain should be explored to improve cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonie Farris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (T.F.); (M.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Salvador González-Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Muna Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (T.F.); (M.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Harshana Rajakaruna
- The Office for Research and Innovation, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Jane Tonello
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (T.F.); (M.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Olga Korolkova
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Akiko Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Alla Ivanova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (T.F.); (M.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
- The Office for Research and Innovation, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
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20
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Liu J, Li J, Tang Y, Zhou K, Zhao X, Zhang J, Zhang H. Transcriptome analysis combined with Mendelian randomization screening for biomarkers causally associated with diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1410066. [PMID: 39022342 PMCID: PMC11251905 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1410066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. We hypothesize that certain genes exert a pivotal influence on the progression of DR. This study explored biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of DR through bioinformatics analysis. Methods Within the GSE221521 and GSE189005 datasets, candidate genes were acquired from intersections of genes obtained using WGCNA and DESeq2 packages. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis selected candidate biomarkers exhibiting causal relationships with DR. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis determined the diagnostic efficacy of biomarkers, the expression levels of biomarkers were verified in the GSE221521 and GSE189005 datasets, and a nomogram for diagnosing DR was constructed. Enrichment analysis delineated the roles and pathways associated with the biomarkers. Immune infiltration analysis analyzed the differences in immune cells between DR and control groups. The miRNet and networkanalyst databases were then used to predict the transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs, respectively, of biomarkers. Finally, RT-qPCR was used to verify the expression of the biomarkers in vitro. Results MR analysis identified 13 candidate biomarkers that had causal relationships with DR. The ROC curve demonstrated favorable diagnostic performance of three biomarkers (OSER1, HIPK2, and DDRGK1) for DR, and their expression trends were consistent across GSE221521 and GSE189005 datasets. The calibration curves and ROC curves indicated good predictive performance of the nomogram. The biomarkers were enriched in pathways of immune, cancer, amino acid metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. Ten immune cell lines showed notable disparities between the DR and control groups. Among them, effector memory CD8+ T cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and activated CD4+ T cells exhibited good correlation with biomarker expression. The TF-mRNA-miRNA network suggested that hsa-mir-92a-3p, GATA2, and RELA play important roles in biomarker targeting for DR. RT-qPCR results also demonstrated a notably high expression of HIPK2 in patients with DR, whereas notably low expression of OSER1. Conclusion OSER1, HIPK2, and DDRGK1 were identified as biomarkers for DR. The study findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongying Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kunyi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xueying Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture People’s Hospital, Dali, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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21
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Zheng Y, Li Y, Cai H, Kou W, Yang C, Li S, Wang J, Zhang N, Feng T. Alterations of Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. Mov Disord 2024; 39:1179-1189. [PMID: 38529776 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive immune dysfunction may play a crucial role in Parkinson's disease (PD) development. Isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) represents the prodromal stage of synucleinopathies, including PD. Elucidating the peripheral adaptive immune system is crucial in iRBD, but current knowledge remains limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterize peripheral lymphocyte profiles in iRBD patients compared with healthy control subjects (HCs). METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited polysomnography-confirmed iRBD patients and age- and sex-matched HCs. Venous blood was collected from each participant. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate surface markers and intracellular cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS Forty-four iRBD patients and 36 HCs were included. Compared with HCs, patients with iRBD exhibited significant decreases in absolute counts of total lymphocytes and CD3+ T cells. In terms of T cell subsets, iRBD patients showed higher frequencies and counts of proinflammatory T helper 1 cells and INF-γ+ CD8+ T cells, along with lower frequencies and counts of anti-inflammatory T helper 2 cells. A significant increase in the frequency of central memory T cells in CD8+ T cells was also observed in iRBD. Regarding B cells, iRBD patients demonstrated reduced frequencies and counts of double-negative memory B cells compared with control subjects. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated alterations in the peripheral adaptive immune system in iRBD, specifically in CD4+ and INF-γ+ CD8+ T cell subsets. An overall shift toward a proinflammatory state of adaptive immunity was already evident in iRBD. These observations might provide insights into the optimal timing for initiating immune interventions in PD. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchu Zheng
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yatong Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Cai
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Kou
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Li
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology and Clinical Psychology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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22
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Spörri L, Uldry AC, Kreuzer M, Herzog EL, Zinkernagel MS, Unterlauft JD, Zysset-Burri DC. Exploring the Ocular Surface Microbiome and Tear Proteome in Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6257. [PMID: 38892444 PMCID: PMC11172891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Although glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, its pathogenesis is incompletely understood, and intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor to target the disease. Several associations between the gut microbiome and glaucoma, including the IOP, have been suggested. There is growing evidence that interactions between microbes on the ocular surface, termed the ocular surface microbiome (OSM), and tear proteins, collectively called the tear proteome, may also play a role in ocular diseases such as glaucoma. This study aimed to find characteristic features of the OSM and tear proteins in patients with glaucoma. The whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing of 32 conjunctival swabs identified Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria as the dominant phyla in the cohort. The species Corynebacterium mastitidis was only found in healthy controls, and their conjunctival microbiomes may be enriched in genes of the phospholipase pathway compared to glaucoma patients. Despite these minor differences in the OSM, patients showed an enrichment of many tear proteins associated with the immune system compared to controls. In contrast to the OSM, this emphasizes the role of the proteome, with a potential involvement of immunological processes in glaucoma. These findings may contribute to the design of new therapeutic approaches targeting glaucoma and other associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Spörri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (E.L.H.); (M.S.Z.); (J.D.U.); (D.C.Z.-B.)
| | | | - Marco Kreuzer
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Elio L. Herzog
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (E.L.H.); (M.S.Z.); (J.D.U.); (D.C.Z.-B.)
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin S. Zinkernagel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (E.L.H.); (M.S.Z.); (J.D.U.); (D.C.Z.-B.)
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Jan D. Unterlauft
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (E.L.H.); (M.S.Z.); (J.D.U.); (D.C.Z.-B.)
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Denise C. Zysset-Burri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (E.L.H.); (M.S.Z.); (J.D.U.); (D.C.Z.-B.)
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
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23
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Rahmat JN, Liu J, Chen T, Li Z, Zhang Y. Engineered biological nanoparticles as nanotherapeutics for tumor immunomodulation. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5862-5903. [PMID: 38716589 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00602f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Biological nanoparticles, or bionanoparticles, are small molecules manufactured in living systems with complex production and assembly machinery. The products of the assembly systems can be further engineered to generate functionalities for specific purposes. These bionanoparticles have demonstrated advantages such as immune system evasion, minimal toxicity, biocompatibility, and biological clearance. Hence, bionanoparticles are considered the new paradigm in nanoscience research for fabricating safe and effective nanoformulations for therapeutic purposes. Harnessing the power of the immune system to recognize and eradicate malignancies is a viable strategy to achieve better therapeutic outcomes with long-term protection from disease recurrence. However, cancerous tissues have evolved to become invisible to immune recognition and to transform the tumor microenvironment into an immunosuppressive dwelling, thwarting the immune defense systems and creating a hospitable atmosphere for cancer growth and progression. Thus, it is pertinent that efforts in fabricating nanoformulations for immunomodulation are mindful of the tumor-induced immune aberrations that could render cancer nanotherapy inoperable. This review systematically categorizes the immunosuppression mechanisms, the regulatory immunosuppressive cellular players, and critical suppressive molecules currently targeted as breakthrough therapies in the clinic. Finally, this review will summarize the engineering strategies for affording immune moderating functions to bionanoparticles that tip the tumor microenvironment (TME) balance toward cancer elimination, a field still in the nascent stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwita N Rahmat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Taili Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - ZhiHong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
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24
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Lin W, Wang P, Qi Y, Zhao Y, Wei X. Progress and challenges of in vivo flow cytometry and its applications in circulating cells of eyes. Cytometry A 2024; 105:437-445. [PMID: 38549391 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Circulating inflammatory cells in eyes have emerged as early indicators of numerous major diseases, yet the monitoring of these cells remains an underdeveloped field. In vivo flow cytometry (IVFC), a noninvasive technique, offers the promise of real-time, dynamic quantification of circulating cells. However, IVFC has not seen extensive applications in the detection of circulating cells in eyes, possibly due to the eye's unique physiological structure and fundus imaging limitations. This study reviews the current research progress in retinal flow cytometry and other fundus examination techniques, such as adaptive optics, ultra-widefield retinal imaging, multispectral imaging, and optical coherence tomography, to propose novel ideas for circulating cell monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of Public Scientific Research Platform, School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Public Scientific Research Platform, School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yingxin Qi
- Department of Public Scientific Research Platform, School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanlong Zhao
- Department of Public Scientific Research Platform, School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Critical-care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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25
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Yang Y, Wen Z, Zhang Y, Li P, Zhao J, Sun Y, Wang P, Lin W. Berberine alleviates diabetic retinopathy by regulating the Th17/Treg ratio. Immunol Lett 2024; 267:106862. [PMID: 38702033 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) stands as a prominent complication of diabetes. Berberine (BBR) has reported to be effective to ameliorate the retinal damage of DR. Studying the potential immunological mechanisms of BBR on the streptozotocin (STZ) induced DR mouse model will explain the therapeutic mechanisms of BBR and provide theoretical basis for the clinical application of this drug. METHODS C57BL/6 J mice were induced into a diabetic state using a 50 mg/(kg·d) dose of STZ over a 5-day period. Subsequently, they were subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) for one month. Following a 5-week treatment with 100 mg/(kg·d) BBR, the concentrations of inflammatory factors in the mice's peripheral blood were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to scrutinize pathological changes in the mice's retinas, while flow cytometry assessed the proportions of T-lymphocyte subsets and the activation status of dendritic cells (DCs) in the spleen and lymph nodes. CD4+T cells and DC2.4 cell lines were utilized to investigate the direct and indirect effects of BBR on T cells under high glucose conditions in vitro. RESULTS Following 5 weeks of BBR treatment in the streptozotocin (STZ) mouse model of DR, we observed alleviation of retinal lesions and a down-regulation in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, namely TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, in the serum of these mice. And in the spleen and lymph nodes of these mice, BBR inhibited the proportion of Th17 cells and promoted the proportion of Treg cells, thereby down-regulating the Th17/Treg ratio. Additionally, in vitro experiments, BBR directly inhibited the expression of the transcription factor RORγt and promoted the expression of the transcription factor Foxp3 in T cells, resulting in a down-regulation of the Th17/Treg ratio. Furthermore, BBR indirectly modulated the Th17/Treg ratio by suppressing the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by DCs and enhancing the secretion of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) by DCs. This dual action inhibited Th17 cell differentiation while promoting Treg cells. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that BBR regulate T cell subpopulation differentiation, reducing the Th17/Treg ratio by directly or indirectly pathway. This represents a potential therapeutic avenue of BBR for improving diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zexin Wen
- Department of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Medicine, Xinjiang Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Junyao Zhao
- Department of Public scientific research platform, School of clinical and basic medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250017, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Public scientific research platform, School of clinical and basic medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250017, Shandong, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Public scientific research platform, School of clinical and basic medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250017, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Public scientific research platform, School of clinical and basic medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250017, Shandong, PR China; Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250017, Shandong, PR China; Department of Critical-care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250017, Shandong, PR China.
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26
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Vornholt E, Liharska LE, Cheng E, Hashemi A, Park YJ, Ziafat K, Wilkins L, Silk H, Linares LM, Thompson RC, Sullivan B, Moya E, Nadkarni GN, Sebra R, Schadt EE, Kopell BH, Charney AW, Beckmann ND. Characterizing cell type specific transcriptional differences between the living and postmortem human brain. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.01.24306590. [PMID: 38746297 PMCID: PMC11092720 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.24306590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) is often used to define gene expression patterns characteristic of brain cell types as well as to identify cell type specific gene expression signatures of neurological and mental illnesses in postmortem human brains. As methods to obtain brain tissue from living individuals emerge, it is essential to characterize gene expression differences associated with tissue originating from either living or postmortem subjects using snRNA-seq, and to assess whether and how such differences may impact snRNA-seq studies of brain tissue. To address this, human prefrontal cortex single nuclei gene expression was generated and compared between 31 samples from living individuals and 21 postmortem samples. The same cell types were consistently identified in living and postmortem nuclei, though for each cell type, a large proportion of genes were differentially expressed between samples from postmortem and living individuals. Notably, estimation of cell type proportions by cell type deconvolution of pseudo-bulk data was found to be more accurate in samples from living individuals. To allow for future integration of living and postmortem brain gene expression, a model was developed that quantifies from gene expression data the probability a human brain tissue sample was obtained postmortem. These probabilities are established as a means to statistically account for the gene expression differences between samples from living and postmortem individuals. Together, the results presented here provide a deep characterization of both differences between snRNA-seq derived from samples from living and postmortem individuals, as well as qualify and account for their effect on common analyses performed on this type of data.
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Wang D, Pu Y, Tan S, Wang X, Zeng L, Lei J, Gao X, Li H. Identification of immune-related biomarkers for glaucoma using gene expression profiling. Front Genet 2024; 15:1366453. [PMID: 38694874 PMCID: PMC11062407 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1366453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glaucoma, a principal cause of irreversible vision loss, is characterized by intricate optic neuropathy involving significant immune mechanisms. This study seeks to elucidate the molecular and immune complexities of glaucoma, aiming to improve our understanding of its pathogenesis. Methods: Gene expression profiles from glaucoma patients were analyzed to identify immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Techniques used were weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) for network building, machine learning algorithms for biomarker identification, establishment of subclusters related to immune reactions, and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to explore hub genes' relationships with immune cell infiltration and immune pathway activation. Validation was performed using an NMDA-induced excitotoxicity model and RT-qPCR for hub gene expression measurement. Results: The study identified 409 DEGs differentiating healthy individuals from glaucoma patients, highlighting the immune response's significance in disease progression. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed elevated levels of activated dendritic cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and immature dendritic cells in glaucoma samples. Three hub genes, CD40LG, TEK, and MDK, were validated as potential diagnostic biomarkers for high-risk glaucoma patients, showing increased expression in the NMDA-induced excitotoxicity model. Discussion: The findings propose the three identified immune-related genes (IRGs) as novel diagnostic markers for glaucoma, offering new insights into the disease's pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. The strong correlation between these IRGs and immune responses underscores the intricate role of immunity in glaucoma, suggesting a shift in the approach to its diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dangdang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Major Blinding Eye Diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanyu Pu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Major Blinding Eye Diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Sisi Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Major Blinding Eye Diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Major Blinding Eye Diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihong Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Major Blinding Eye Diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Junqin Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Major Blinding Eye Diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Major Blinding Eye Diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Major Blinding Eye Diseases, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
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28
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He S, Lai D, Ma C, Meng C, Cai C, Chen Q, Gu C, Qiu Q. hsa_circ_0087100/hsa-miR-6743-5p affects Th1 cell differentiation by regulating STAT1 in diabetic retinopathy. Epigenomics 2024; 16:427-444. [PMID: 38410923 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To elucidate the role of the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in immune infiltration of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: We obtained differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Then, we identified immune infiltration by CIBERSORT and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and discovered co-expression genes by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Furthermore, STAT1-mediated Th1 differentiation was determined in DR cell models, DR patients and DR mouse models. Results: hsa_circ_0087100/hsa-miR-6743-5p/STAT1 was involved in immune infiltration of Th1 cells. Aberrant expression of the ceRNA network and STAT1-mediated Th1 differentiation was thus verified in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: hsa_circ_0087100/hsa-miR-6743-5p/STAT1 may affect Th1 cell differentiation in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science & Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis & Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dongwei Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science & Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis & Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chenggong Ma
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Chunren Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science & Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis & Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chunyang Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science & Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis & Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chufeng Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science & Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis & Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qinghua Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Brandli A, Vessey KA, Fletcher EL. The contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration: the role of toll-like-receptors and the NLRP3-inflammasome. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:64. [PMID: 38443987 PMCID: PMC10913318 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, characterised by the dysfunction and death of the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Innate immune cell activation and accompanying para-inflammation have been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD, although the exact mechanism(s) and signalling pathways remain elusive. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are essential activators of the innate immune system and drivers of para-inflammation. Of these PRRs, the two most prominent are (1) Toll-like receptors (TLR) and (2) NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome have been found to modulate the progression of AMD. Mutations in TLR2 have been found to be associated with an increased risk of developing AMD. In animal models of AMD, inhibition of TLR and NLRP3 has been shown to reduce RPE cell death, inflammation and angiogenesis signalling, offering potential novel treatments for advanced AMD. Here, we examine the evidence for PRRs, TLRs2/3/4, and NLRP3-inflammasome pathways in macular degeneration pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Brandli
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirstan A Vessey
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Erica L Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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Ma YY, Li X, Yu JT, Wang YJ. Therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases by targeting the gut microbiome: from bench to bedside. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:12. [PMID: 38414054 PMCID: PMC10898075 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The aetiologies and origins of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's disease (HD), are complex and multifaceted. A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays crucial roles in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Clinicians have come to realize that therapeutics targeting the gut microbiome have the potential to halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This narrative review examines the alterations in the gut microbiome in AD, PD, ALS and HD, highlighting the close relationship between the gut microbiome and the brain in neurodegenerative diseases. Processes that mediate the gut microbiome-brain communication in neurodegenerative diseases, including the immunological, vagus nerve and circulatory pathways, are evaluated. Furthermore, we summarize potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases that modify the gut microbiome and its metabolites, including diets, probiotics and prebiotics, microbial metabolites, antibacterials and faecal microbiome transplantation. Finally, current challenges and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Ma
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xin Li
- Army 953 Hospital, Shigatse Branch of Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shigatse, 857000, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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31
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Benjamaa R, Elbouny H, Errati H, Moujanni A, Kaushik N, Gupta R, Ennibi O, Nasser B, Choi EH, Kaushik NK, Essamadi A. Comparative evaluation of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial potential of Euphorbia-derived functional products. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1345340. [PMID: 38455958 PMCID: PMC10919402 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1345340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the medicinal properties of Euphorbia resinifera O. Berg (E. resinifera) and Euphorbia officinarum subsp echinus (Hook.f. and Coss.) Vindt (Euphorbia echinus, known for their pharmaceutical benefits. Extracts from their flowers, stems, propolis, and honey were examined for phenolic content, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total condensed tannin (TCC) were determined using specific methods. Antioxidant potential was assessed through various tests including DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and Total antioxidant capacity. Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using phenol-induced ear edema in rats, while antibacterial activity was measured against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538) and Gram-negative (E. coli ATCC 10536) bacteria. Among the extracts, the aqueous propolis extract of E. resinifera demonstrated exceptional antioxidant capabilities, with low IC50 values for DPPH (0.07 ± 0.00 mg/mL) and ABTS (0.13 ± 0.00 mg/mL), as well as high TAC (176.72 ± 0.18 mg AA/mg extract) and FRAP (86.45 ± 1.45 mg AA/mg extract) values. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of E. resinifera propolis extracts surpassed that of indomethacin, yielding edema percentages of 3.92% and 11.33% for the aqueous and ethanolic extracts, respectively. Microbiological results indicated that the aqueous extract of E. resinifera flower exhibited the most potent inhibitory action against S. aureus, with an inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 21.0 ± 0.00 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.125 mg/mL. Additionally, only E. resinifera honey displayed the ability to inhibit E. coli growth, with an inhibition zone diameter of 09.30 ± 0.03 mm and a MIC of 0.0433 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Benjamaa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Hamza Elbouny
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Hajare Errati
- Laboratory of Agri-Food and Health, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco
| | - Abdelkarim Moujanni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - OumKeltoum Ennibi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry, Research Laboratory on Oral Biology and Biotechnology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdelkhalid Essamadi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
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Song Z, Li W, Han Y, Xu Y, Ding H, Wang Y. Association of immune cell traits with Parkinson's disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1340110. [PMID: 38455666 PMCID: PMC10917892 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1340110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Immunity and neuroinflammation play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Nonetheless, prior investigations into the correlation between immune inflammation and PD have produced varying results. Identifying specific immune cell phenotypes that are truly associated with PD is challenging, and the causal relationship between immune cells and PD remains elusive. Methods This study conducted a comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, employing five distinct analytical approaches, to clarify the causal connection between immune cell characteristics and the risk of PD. Utilizing GWAS data, we investigated the causal relationship between 731 immune cell traits and PD. These immune cell phenotypes encompass absolute cell (AC) counts, median fluorescence intensity (MFI), and relative cell (RC) counts for B cells, cDCs, mature stage T cells, monocytes, myeloid cells, TBNK (T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells), and Tregs, as well as the logistic parameter (MP) for cDCs and TBNK. Results The inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis indicated that Myeloid DCs (p = 0.004), HVEM expression on CD45RA- CD4+ T cells (p = 0.007), CD62L- CD86+ Myeloid DCs (p = 0.015), and HLA DR expression on monocytes (p = 0.019) were associated with a reduced risk of PD. CD14+ CD16+ monocytes (p = 0.005), HLA DR+ NK cells within CD3- lymphocytes (p = 0.023), and CD28 expression on activated & secreting Tregs (p = 0.032) were associated with an increased risk of PD. Conclusion This study establishes a causal link between immune cell phenotype and the pathogenesis of PD, identifying several specific immune cell characteristics associated with PD. This could inspire researchers to delve into the pathogenesis of PD at the cellular subtype level, and aid in the identification of potential pharmacological protein targets for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Song
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wangyu Li
- Department of Pain Management, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yupeng Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiya Xu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haiqi Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yinzhou Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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He C, Peng K, Zhu X, Wang Z, Xiu W, Zhang G, Chen Y, Sun C, Xiao X, Liu D, Li A, Gao Y, Wang J, Shuai P, Chen Y, Yu L, Lu F. Th1 cells contribute to retinal ganglion cell loss in glaucoma in a VCAM-1-dependent manner. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:43. [PMID: 38317227 PMCID: PMC10840227 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and optic nerve axons, leading to irreversible visual impairment. Despite its clinical significance, the underlying mechanisms of glaucoma pathogenesis remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to unravel the multifaceted nature of glaucoma by investigating the interaction between T cells and retinas. By utilizing clinical samples, murine glaucoma models, and T cell transfer models, we made several key findings. Firstly, we observed that CD4+ T cells from glaucoma patients displayed enhanced activation and a bias towards T helper (Th) 1 responses, which correlated with visual impairment. Secondly, we identified the infiltration of Th1 cells into the retina, where they targeted RGC and integrated into the pro-inflammatory glial network, contributing to progressive RGC loss. Thirdly, we discovered that circulating Th1 cells upregulated vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) on retinal microvessels, facilitating their entry into the neural retina. Lastly, we found that Th1 cells underwent functional reprogramming before reaching the retina, acquiring a phenotype associated with lymphocyte migration and neurodegenerative diseases. Our study provides novel insights into the role of peripheral CD4+ T cells in glaucoma pathogenesis, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying their infiltration into the retina and offering potential avenues for innovative therapeutic interventions in this sight-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong He
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Peng
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenbo Xiu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Gao Zhang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaonan Sun
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Donghua Liu
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - An Li
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Gao
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinxia Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Shuai
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilian Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China.
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Breen C, Papale LA, Clark LR, Bergmann PE, Madrid A, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Keleş S, Alisch RS, Hogan KJ. Whole genome methylation sequencing in blood identifies extensive differential DNA methylation in late-onset dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1050-1062. [PMID: 37856321 PMCID: PMC10916976 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA microarray-based studies report differentially methylated positions (DMPs) in blood between late-onset dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitively unimpaired individuals, but interrogate < 4% of the genome. METHODS We used whole genome methylation sequencing (WGMS) to quantify DNA methylation levels at 25,409,826 CpG loci in 281 blood samples from 108 AD and 173 cognitively unimpaired individuals. RESULTS WGMS identified 28,038 DMPs throughout the human methylome, including 2707 differentially methylated genes (e.g., SORCS3, GABA, and PICALM) encoding proteins in biological pathways relevant to AD such as synaptic membrane, cation channel complex, and glutamatergic synapse. One hundred seventy-three differentially methylated blood-specific enhancers interact with the promoters of 95 genes that are differentially expressed in blood from persons with and without AD. DISCUSSION WGMS identifies differentially methylated CpGs in known and newly detected genes and enhancers in blood from persons with and without AD. HIGHLIGHTS Whole genome DNA methylation levels were quantified in blood from persons with and without Alzheimer's disease (AD). Twenty-eight thousand thirty-eight differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were identified. Two thousand seven hundred seven genes comprise DMPs. Forty-eight of 75 independent genetic risk loci for AD have DMPs. One thousand five hundred sixty-eight blood-specific enhancers comprise DMPs, 173 of which interact with the promoters of 95 genes that are differentially expressed in blood from persons with and without AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleman Breen
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of Wisconsin, Medical Sciences CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Ligia A. Papale
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Lindsay R. Clark
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Phillip E. Bergmann
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Andy Madrid
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sündüz Keleş
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of Wisconsin, Medical Sciences CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical InformaticsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Reid S. Alisch
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Kirk J. Hogan
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
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Xie Y, Chen L, Chen J, Chen Y. Calcitriol restrains microglial M1 polarization and alleviates dopaminergic degeneration in hemiparkinsonian mice by boosting regulatory T-cell expansion. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3373. [PMID: 38346718 PMCID: PMC10861354 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) and vitamin D supplementation robustly alleviates neurodegeneration in PD models. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect require further clarification. Current evidence suggests that harnessing regulatory T cells (Treg) may mitigate neuronal degeneration. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of vitamin D receptor activation by calcitriol on PD, specifically focusing on its role in Treg. METHODS Hemiparkinsonian mice model was established through the injection of 6-OHDA into the striatum. Mice were pretreated with calcitriol before 6-OHDA injection. The motor performance, dopaminergic neuronal survival, contents of dopamine, and dopamine metabolites were evaluated. The pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, T-cell infiltration, mRNA expression of indicated microglial M1/M2 phenotypic markers, and microglial marker in the midbrain were detected. Populations of Treg in the splenic tissues were assessed using a flow cytometry assay. PC61 monoclonal antibody was applied to deplete Treg in vivo. RESULTS We show that calcitriol supplementation notably improved motor performance and reduced dopaminergic degeneration in the 6-OHDA-induced PD model. Mechanistically, calcitriol promoted anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective Treg and inhibited pro-inflammatory/neurodestructive effector T-cell generation in this model. This process significantly inhibited T-cell infiltration in the midbrain, restrained microglial activation, microglial M1 polarization, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines release. This more favorable inflammatory microenvironment rescued dopaminergic degeneration. To further verify that the anti-inflammatory effects of calcitriol are associated with Treg expansion, we applied an antibody-mediated Treg depletion assay. As predicted, the anti-inflammatory effects of calcitriol in the PD model were diminished following Treg depletion. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that calcitriol's anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in PD are associated with its potential to boost Treg expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhi Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Jiacheng Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
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Zhang C, Li Y, Yu Y, Li Z, Xu X, Talifu Z, Liu W, Yang D, Gao F, Wei S, Zhang L, Gong H, Peng R, Du L, Li J. Impact of inflammation and Treg cell regulation on neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334828. [PMID: 38348031 PMCID: PMC10859493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a severe neurological trauma that can frequently lead to neuropathic pain. During the initial stages following spinal cord injury, inflammation plays a critical role; however, excessive inflammation can exacerbate pain. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) have a crucial function in regulating inflammation and alleviating neuropathic pain. Treg cells release suppressor cytokines and modulate the function of other immune cells to suppress the inflammatory response. Simultaneously, inflammation impedes Treg cell activity, further intensifying neuropathic pain. Therefore, suppressing the inflammatory response while enhancing Treg cell regulatory function may provide novel therapeutic avenues for treating neuropathic pain resulting from spinal cord injury. This review comprehensively describes the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response and Treg cell regulation subsequent to spinal cord injury, with a specific focus on exploring the potential mechanisms through which Treg cells regulate neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. The insights gained from this review aim to provide new concepts and a rationale for the therapeutic prospects and direction of cell therapy in spinal cord injury-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjia Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Rehabilitation medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Institute of Rehabilitation medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zehui Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zuliyaer Talifu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wubo Liu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Degang Yang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Song Wei
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gong
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Run Peng
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liangjie Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Institute of Rehabilitation medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Pike SC, Havrda M, Gilli F, Zhang Z, Salas LA. Immunological shifts during early-stage Parkinson's disease identified with DNA methylation data on longitudinally collected blood samples. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:21. [PMID: 38212355 PMCID: PMC10784484 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the United States. Decades before motor symptoms manifest, non-motor symptoms such as hyposmia and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder are highly predictive of PD. Previous immune profiling studies have identified alterations to the proportions of immune cells in the blood of clinically defined PD patients. However, it remains unclear if these phenotypes manifest before the clinical diagnosis of PD. We utilized longitudinal DNA methylation (DNAm) microarray data from the Parkinson's Progression Marker's Initiative (PPMI) to perform immune profiling in clinically defined PD and prodromal PD patients (Prod). We identified previously reported changes in neutrophil, monocyte, and T cell numbers in PD patients. Additionally, we noted previously unrecognized decreases in the naive B cell compartment in the defined PD and Prod patient group. Over time, we observed the proportion of innate immune cells in PD blood increased, but the proportion of adaptive immune cells decreased. We identified decreases in T and B cell subsets associated with REM sleep disturbances and early cognitive decline. Lastly, we identified increases in B memory cells associated with both genetic (LRRK2 genotype) and infectious (cytomegalovirus seropositivity) risk factors of PD. Our analysis shows that the peripheral immune system is dynamic as the disease progresses. The study provides a platform to understand how and when peripheral immune alterations occur in PD and whether intervention at particular stages may be therapeutically advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Pike
- Integrative Neuroscience at Dartmouth, Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
| | - Matthew Havrda
- Integrative Neuroscience at Dartmouth, Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Francesca Gilli
- Integrative Neuroscience at Dartmouth, Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Lucas A Salas
- Integrative Neuroscience at Dartmouth, Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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Kim ME, Lee JS. Molecular Foundations of Inflammatory Diseases: Insights into Inflammation and Inflammasomes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:469-484. [PMID: 38248332 PMCID: PMC10813887 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are a global health problem affecting millions of people with a wide range of conditions. These diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), gout, and diabetes, impose a significant burden on patients and healthcare systems. A complicated interaction between genetic variables, environmental stimuli, and dysregulated immune responses shows the complex biological foundation of various diseases. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammatory diseases, including the function of inflammasomes and inflammation. We investigate the impact of environmental and genetic factors on the progression of inflammatory diseases, explore the connection between inflammation and inflammasome activation, and examine the incidence of various inflammatory diseases in relation to inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Sik Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Immunology Research Lab & BK21-Four Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
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Dias-Carvalho A, Sá SI, Carvalho F, Fernandes E, Costa VM. Inflammation as common link to progressive neurological diseases. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:95-119. [PMID: 37964100 PMCID: PMC10761431 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Life expectancy has increased immensely over the past decades, bringing new challenges to the health systems as advanced age increases the predisposition for many diseases. One of those is the burden of neurologic disorders. While many hypotheses have been placed to explain aging mechanisms, it has been widely accepted that the increasing pro-inflammatory status with advanced age or "inflammaging" is a main determinant of biological aging. Furthermore, inflammaging is at the cornerstone of many age-related diseases and its involvement in neurologic disorders is an exciting hypothesis. Indeed, aging and neurologic disorders development in the elderly seem to share some basic pathways that fundamentally converge on inflammation. Peripheral inflammation significantly influences brain function and contributes to the development of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Understanding the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of progressive neurological diseases is of crucial importance for developing effective treatments and interventions that can slow down or prevent disease progression, therefore, decreasing its social and economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dias-Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- UCIBIO- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Susana Isabel Sá
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- UCIBIO- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Zhao X, Li L, Ma X, Li Y, Gao B, Luo W. The role of immune and inflammatory-related indicators in cognitive dysfunction and disease severity in patients with parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:13-24. [PMID: 37864052 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the role of immune and inflammatory indicators in cognitive dysfunction and disease severity in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). A total of 123 patients with Parkinson's disease were enrolled in the PD group and 49 healthy volunteers in the control group. The patients with PD were further divided into 2 subgroups by evaluating cognitive function using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): the normal cognitive function (PD-NCI) group and the mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) group. Moreover, the PD patients were also divided into 2 subgroups using the defined scale of the Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) stage: the early-stage group and the middle- and late-stage group. Immune and inflammatory indicators, including serum Aβ1-42, Tau, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+, B lymphocytes cell, NK cell, Th17 cell, Treg cell, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α levels, were evaluated and analyzed to explore the potential correlation with the cognitive dysfunction and disease severity of PD. Among the 123 PD patients, 60 (48.8%) were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment. Aβ1-42, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+, and Treg levels observed in the PD-NCI group were lower than the control group (P < 0.001), while higher than the PD-MCI group (P < 0.001). The levels of Tau, Th17, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α observed in the PD-NCI group were higher than the control group (P < 0.001), while lower than in the PD-MCI group (P < 0.01). Using the same method, the results of the early-stage group and the middle- and the late-stage group were the same as above. Logistic regression analysis and ROC curve estimation were performed and indicated that the variation of Tau, CD8+, Treg, TNF-α levels was associated with cognitive decline in PD patients, and may serve as markers of PD onset. Furthermore, the variation of Aβ1-42, IL-6, and TNF-α levels was found to correlate with the disease severity of PD. The immune and inflammatory-related indicators may represent an important factor in the pathogenesis of PD, cognitive dysfunction, and disease severity. The variation of Tau protein, CD8+, Treg, and TNF-α levels are associated with the cognitive dysfunction of PD, which may be considered as onset markers. Moreover, the variation of Aβ1-42, IL-6, and TNF-α levels can predict the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiuping Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weifeng Luo
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Asamu MO, Oladipo OO, Abayomi OA, Adebayo AA. Alzheimer's disease: The role of T lymphocytes in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Brain Res 2023; 1821:148589. [PMID: 37734576 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the leading cause of progressive cognitive decline globally, has been reported to be enhanced by neuroinflammation. Brain-resident innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells work together to produce neuroinflammation. Studies over the past decade have established the neuroimmune axis present in Alzheimer's disease; the crosstalk between adaptive and innate immune cells within and outside the brain is crucial to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Although the role of the adaptive immune system in Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood, it has been hypothesized that the brain's immune homeostasis is significantly disrupted, which greatly contributes to neuroinflammation. Brain-infiltrating T cells possess proinflammatory phenotypes and activities that directly contribute to neuroinflammation. The pro-inflammatory activities of the adaptive immune system in Alzheimer's disease are characterized by the upregulation of effector T cell activities and the downregulation of regulatory T cell activities in the brain, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. In this review, we discuss the major impact of T lymphocytes on the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the role and mechanism of action of T cells in Alzheimer's disease would significantly contribute to the identification of novel biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of the disease. This knowledge could also be crucial to the development of immunotherapies for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses O Asamu
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oladapo O Oladipo
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Oluseun A Abayomi
- College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH), Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Afeez A Adebayo
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Chang YH, Hsing CH, Chiu CJ, Wu YR, Hsu SM, Hsu YH. Protective role of IL-17-producing γδ T cells in a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization mouse model. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:279. [PMID: 38007487 PMCID: PMC10676594 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vision loss in patients with wet/exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is associated with choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and AMD is the leading cause of irreversible vision impairment in older adults. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a component of the microenvironment associated with some autoimmune diseases. Previous studies have indicated that wet AMD patients have elevated serum IL-17A levels. However, the effect of IL-17A on AMD progression needs to be better understood. We aimed to investigate the role of IL-17A in a laser-induced CNV mouse model. METHODS We established a laser-induced CNV mouse model in wild-type (WT) and IL-17A-deficient mice and then evaluated the disease severity of these mice by using fluorescence angiography. We performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to analyze the levels of IL-17A and to investigate the immune cell populations in the eyes of WT and IL-17A-deficient mice. We used ARPE-19 cells to clarify the effect of IL-17A under oxidative stress. RESULTS In the laser-induced CNV model, the CNV lesions were larger in IL-17A-deficient mice than in WT mice. The numbers of γδ T cells, CD3+CD4+RORγt+ T cells, Treg cells, and neutrophils were decreased and the number of macrophages was increased in the eyes of IL-17A-deficient mice compared with WT mice. In WT mice, IL-17A-producing γδ T-cell numbers increased in a time-dependent manner from day 7 to 28 after laser injury. IL-6 levels increased and IL-10, IL-24, IL-17F, and GM-CSF levels decreased in the eyes of IL-17A-deficient mice after laser injury. In vitro, IL-17A inhibited apoptosis and induced the expression of the antioxidant protein HO-1 in ARPE-19 cells under oxidative stress conditions. IL-17A facilitated the repair of oxidative stress-induced barrier dysfunction in ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new insight into the protective effect of IL-17A in a laser-induced CNV model and reveal a novel regulatory role of IL-17A-producing γδ T cells in the ocular microenvironment in wet AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsien Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Juno Chiu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Rou Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Min Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Antibody New Drug Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Afsar A, Chen M, Xuan Z, Zhang L. A glance through the effects of CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and cytokines on Alzheimer's disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5662-5675. [PMID: 38053545 PMCID: PMC10694609 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Unfortunately, despite numerous studies, an effective treatment for AD has not yet been established. There is remarkable evidence indicating that the innate immune mechanism and adaptive immune response play significant roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Several studies have reported changes in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in AD patients. This mini-review article discusses the potential contribution of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells reactivity to amyloid β (Aβ) protein in individuals with AD. Moreover, this mini-review examines the potential associations between T cells, heme oxygenase (HO), and impaired mitochondria in the context of AD. While current mathematical models of AD have not extensively addressed the inclusion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, there exist models that can be extended to consider AD as an autoimmune disease involving these T cell types. Additionally, the mini-review covers recent research that has investigated the utilization of machine learning models, considering the impact of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Afsar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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Jafarzadeh A, Sheikhi A, Jafarzadeh Z, Nemati M. Differential roles of regulatory T cells in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104778. [PMID: 37907046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells interact with a variety of resident cells and infiltrated immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) to modulate neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide deposition and secondary persistent inflammation due to activation of microglia, astrocytes, and infiltrated immune cells contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neurodegeneration. The majority of evidence supports the neuroprotective effects of Treg cells in AD. In the early stages of AD, appropriate Treg cell activity is required for the induction of microglia and astrocyte phagocytic activity in order to clear A deposits and prevent neuroinflammation. Such neuroprotective impacts were in part attributed to the ability of Treg cells to suppress deleterious and/or boost beneficial functions of microglia/astrocytes. In the later stages of AD, an effective Treg cell activity needs to prevent neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Treg cells can exert preventive effects on Th1-, and Th17 cell-related pathologic responses, whilst potentiating Th2-mediated protective activity. The impaired Treg cell-related immunomodulatory mechanisms have been described in AD patients and in related animal models which can contribute to the onset and progression of AD. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive figure regarding the role of Treg cells in AD while highlighting potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Abdolkarim Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Zahra Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Otani K, Yoshiga M, Hirano M, Matsushita T, Noda K, Kurosaka D. Olfactory Bulbs in Arthritis Model Mouse Persistently Express Interleukin-6 before the Onset of Arthritis: Relationship to Food Intake. Neuroimmunomodulation 2023; 30:277-290. [PMID: 37769638 PMCID: PMC10627494 DOI: 10.1159/000534249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be comorbid with psychiatric symptoms. Brain abnormalities in RA patients and in arthritis models have been reported. However, it remains unclear when these abnormalities occur and where they are distributed. In this study, we analyzed spatiotemporal changes in gene expression in the brains of mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). METHODS Mice were divided into three groups: (i) CIA (all mice developed arthritis on day 35): complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and type II collagen at initial immunization, and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) and type II collagen at booster immunization; (ii) C(+/-) (50% mice developed arthritis on day 35): only IFA at booster immunization; and (iii) C(-/-) (no arthritis): only CFA at initial immunization and only IFA at booster immunization. Whole brains were collected at ten stages of arthritis and divided into six sections. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed using RNA extracted from the brain, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and glial markers was semi-quantified. Arthritis score, body weight, and food and water intakes were recorded and analyzed for correlations with brain gene expression. We also investigated the effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) injection in the olfactory bulbs (OBs) on the food intake. RESULTS After booster immunization, a transient increase in Integrin subunit α-M and IL-1β was observed in multiple areas in CIA. IL-6 is persistently expressed in the OB before the onset of arthritis, which is correlated with body weight loss and decreased food intake. This change in the OB was observed in the C(+/-) but not in the C(-/-) groups. In the C(+/-) group, non-arthritic mice showed the same changes in the OB as the arthritic mice. This elevation in IL-6 levels persisted throughout the chronic phase until day 84. In addition, IL-6 injection into the OB reduced food intake. CONCLUSION Persistent elevation of IL-6 in the OB from the early stage of arthritis may be an important finding that might explain the neuropsychiatric pathophysiology of RA, including appetite loss, which is present in the early stages of the disease and manifests as a variety of symptoms over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Otani
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshiga
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Hirano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsushita
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Noda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daitaro Kurosaka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Akinsulie OC, Shahzad S, Ogunleye SC, Oladapo IP, Joshi M, Ugwu CE, Gbadegoye JO, Hassan FO, Adeleke R, Afolabi Akande Q, Adesola RO. Crosstalk between hypoxic cellular micro-environment and the immune system: a potential therapeutic target for infectious diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224102. [PMID: 37600803 PMCID: PMC10434535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There are overwhelming reports on the promotional effect of hypoxia on the malignant behavior of various forms of cancer cells. This has been proposed and tested exhaustively in the light of cancer immunotherapy. However, there could be more interesting functions of a hypoxic cellular micro-environment than malignancy. There is a highly intricate crosstalk between hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), a transcriptional factor produced during hypoxia, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) which has been well characterized in various immune cell types. This important crosstalk shares common activating and inhibitory stimuli, regulators, and molecular targets. Impaired hydroxylase activity contributes to the activation of HIFs. Inflammatory ligands activate NF-κB activity, which leads to the expression of inflammatory and anti-apoptotic genes. The eventual sequelae of the interaction between these two molecular players in immune cells, either bolstering or abrogating functions, is largely cell-type dependent. Importantly, this holds promise for interesting therapeutic interventions against several infectious diseases, as some HIF agonists have helped prevent immune-related diseases. Hypoxia and inflammation are common features of infectious diseases. Here, we highlighted the role of this crosstalk in the light of functional immunity against infection and inflammation, with special focus on various innate and adaptive immune cells. Particularly, we discussed the bidirectional effects of this crosstalk in the regulation of immune responses by monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, B cells, and T cells. We believe an advanced understanding of the interplay between HIFs and NF-kB could reveal novel therapeutic targets for various infectious diseases with limited treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Chris Akinsulie
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Sammuel Shahzad
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Seto Charles Ogunleye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Ifeoluwa Peace Oladapo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Melina Joshi
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Charles Egede Ugwu
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Joy Olaoluwa Gbadegoye
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Richard Adeleke
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Qudus Afolabi Akande
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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Wu D, Chen Q, Chen X, Han F, Chen Z, Wang Y. The blood-brain barrier: structure, regulation, and drug delivery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:217. [PMID: 37231000 PMCID: PMC10212980 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 181.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous system (CNS) from toxins and pathogens in blood. However, the presence of BBB complicates the pharmacotherapy for CNS disorders as the most chemical drugs and biopharmaceuticals have been impeded to enter the brain. Insufficient drug delivery into the brain leads to low therapeutic efficacy as well as aggravated side effects due to the accumulation in other organs and tissues. Recent breakthrough in materials science and nanotechnology provides a library of advanced materials with customized structure and property serving as a powerful toolkit for targeted drug delivery. In-depth research in the field of anatomical and pathological study on brain and BBB further facilitates the development of brain-targeted strategies for enhanced BBB crossing. In this review, the physiological structure and different cells contributing to this barrier are summarized. Various emerging strategies for permeability regulation and BBB crossing including passive transcytosis, intranasal administration, ligands conjugation, membrane coating, stimuli-triggered BBB disruption, and other strategies to overcome BBB obstacle are highlighted. Versatile drug delivery systems ranging from organic, inorganic, and biologics-derived materials with their synthesis procedures and unique physio-chemical properties are summarized and analyzed. This review aims to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive guideline for researchers in diverse fields, offering perspectives on further development of brain-targeted drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
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Khalifa A, Ibrahim HIM, Sheikh A, Khalil HE. Probiotic-Fermented Camel Milk Attenuates Neurodegenerative Symptoms via SOX5/miR-218 Axis Orchestration in Mouse Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:357. [PMID: 36986457 PMCID: PMC10059028 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune-mediated myelin damage disorder in the central nervous system that is widespread among neurological patients. It has been demonstrated that several genetic and epigenetic factors control autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS, through CD4+ T-cell population quantity. Alterations in the gut microbiota influence neuroprotectiveness via unexplored mechanisms. In this study, the ameliorative effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermented in camel milk (BEY) on an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative model using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein/complete fraud adjuvant/pertussis toxin (MCP)-immunized C57BL6j mice is investigated. Anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed in the in vitro cell model, and inflammatory cytokines interleukins IL17 (from EAE 311 to BEY 227 pg/mL), IL6 (from EAE 103 to BEY 65 pg/mL), IFNγ (from EAE 423 to BEY 243 pg/mL) and TGFβ (from EAE 74 to BEY 133 pg/mL) were significantly reduced in BEY-treated mice. The epigenetic factor miR-218-5P was identified and confirmed its mRNA target SOX-5 using in silico tools and expression techniques, suggesting SOX5/miR-218-5p could serve as an exclusive diagnostic marker for MS. Furthermore, BEY improved the short-chain fatty acids, in particular butyrate (from 0.57 to 0.85 µM) and caproic (from 0.64 to 1.33 µM) acids, in the MCP mouse group. BEY treatment significantly regulated the expression of inflammatory transcripts in EAE mice and upregulated neuroprotective markers such as neurexin (from 0.65- to 1.22-fold) (p < 0.05), vascular endothelial adhesion molecules (from 0.41- to 0.76-fold) and myelin-binding protein (from 0.46- to 0.89-fold) (p < 0.03). These findings suggest that BEY could be a promising clinical approach for the curative treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and could promote the use of probiotic food as medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Khalifa
- Biological Science Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Hairul Islam Mohamed Ibrahim
- Biological Science Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Biology Division, Pondicherry Centre for Biological Sciences and Educational Trust, Pondicherry 605004, India
| | - Abdullah Sheikh
- Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany Ezzat Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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49
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Tan YJ, Siow I, Saffari SE, Ting SKS, Li Z, Kandiah N, Tan LCS, Tan EK, Ng ASL. Plasma Soluble ST2 Levels Are Higher in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Associated with Poorer Cognition. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:573-580. [PMID: 36776067 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suppressor of tumorgenicity 2 (ST2) is highly expressed in brain tissue and is a receptor for interleukin 33 (IL-33). ST2 exists in two forms, a transmembrane receptor (ST2L) and a soluble decoy receptor (sST2). IL-33 binds to ST2L, triggering downstream signaling pathways involved in amyloid plaque clearance. Conversely, sST2 binds competitively to IL-33, attenuating its neuroprotective effects. High sST2 levels have been reported in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting that the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway may be implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE To investigate plasma sST2 levels in controls and patients with MCI, AD, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Plasma sST2 levels were measured using ELISA in 397 subjects (91 HC, 46 MCI, 38 AD, 28 FTD, and 194 PD). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of sST2 were measured in 22 subjects. Relationship between sST2 and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Plasma sST2 levels were increased across all disease groups compared to controls, with highest levels seen in FTD followed by AD and PD. Dementia patients with higher sST2 had lower cross-sectional cognitive scores in Frontal Assessment Battery and Digit Span Backward. At baseline, PD-MCI patients had higher sST2, associated with worse attention. In the longitudinal PD cohort, higher sST2 significantly associated with decline in global cognition and visuospatial domains. Plasma sST2 levels correlated with CSF sST2 levels. CONCLUSION Plasma sST2 is raised across neurodegenerative diseases and is associated with poorer cognition. Higher baseline sST2 is a potential biomarker of disease severity in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jayne Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Isabel Siow
- Ministry of Health Holdings, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seyed Ehsan Saffari
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simon K S Ting
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Zeng Li
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Nagaendran Kandiah
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Louis C S Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Eng King Tan
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Unit, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Adeline S L Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Unit, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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50
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Usman AN, Ahmad M, Sinrang AW, Natsir S, Takko AB, Ariyandy A, Ilhamuddin I, Eragradini AR, Hasan II, Hasyim S. FOXP3 regulatory T cells on prognosis of breast cancer. Breast Dis 2023; 42:213-218. [PMID: 37458005 DOI: 10.3233/bd-239002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FOXP3 Tregs have been found in breast cancer patients, both humoral and tumor. Survival or prognosis of breast cancer patients seems to correlate with the increase and decrease in FOXP3 Treg. OBJECTIVES This review aims to provide insights regarding the FOXP3 Tregs involved and their mechanisms in breast cancer prognosis. METHODS The literature study method is used from primary and secondary libraries. The library search used online-based search instruments such as NCBI-PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elsevier. The data obtained were then arranged according to the framework, data on the relationship between FOXP3 Regulatory T Cells and breast cancer, and writing a journal review was carried out according to the given format. Regulators (Tregs) can inhibit anti-tumor immunity and promote tumor growth. Tregs also play a role in inhibiting cytotoxic T lymphocyte cells by inhibiting the release of granules from CD8+, where CD8+ is important in killing tumor cells. FOXP3 is a Treg-specific biomarker and plays an important role in the development and function of Tregs. RESULTS Studies on the presence of FOXP3+ Tregs in tumors have shown controversial results. Studies in some tumors reported the presence of FOXP3+, indicating a poor prognosis, whereas studies in other tumors found that FOXP3+ correlated with a good prognosis. CONCLUSION Regulatory T lymphocytes and TILs in invasive breast carcinoma are still not established. Therefore, further research on the Effect of FOXP3 expression of regulatory T lymphocytes on breast cancer is still important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Nilawati Usman
- Department of Midwifery, Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mardiana Ahmad
- Department of Midwifery, Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Andi Wardihan Sinrang
- Department of Midwifery, Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Sartini Natsir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - A B Takko
- Department of Anthropology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Andi Ariyandy
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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