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He J, Perera D, Wen W, Ping J, Li Q, Lyu L, Chen Z, Shu X, Long J, Cai Q, Shu XO, Zheng W, Long Q, Guo X. Enhancing Disease Risk Gene Discovery by Integrating Transcription Factor-Linked Trans-located Variants into Transcriptome-Wide Association Analyses. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.10.10.23295443. [PMID: 37873299 PMCID: PMC10593059 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.10.23295443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have been successful in identifying disease susceptibility genes by integrating cis-variants predicted gene expression with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. However, trans-located variants for predicting gene expression remain largely unexplored. Here, we introduce transTF-TWAS, which incorporates transcription factor (TF)-linked trans-located variants to enhance model building. Using data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project, we predict gene expression and alternative splicing and applied these models to large GWAS datasets for breast, prostate, and lung cancers. We demonstrate that transTF-TWAS outperforms other existing TWAS approaches in both constructing gene prediction models and identifying disease-associated genes, as evidenced by simulations and real data analysis. Our transTF-TWAS approach significantly contributes to the discovery of disease risk genes. Findings from this study have shed new light on several genetically driven key regulators and their associated regulatory networks underlying disease susceptibility.
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2
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Liu Z, Yan W, Liu S, Liu Z, Xu P, Fang W. Regulatory network and targeted interventions for CCDC family in tumor pathogenesis. Cancer Lett 2023; 565:216225. [PMID: 37182638 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
CCDC (coiled-coil domain-containing) is a coiled helix domain that exists in natural proteins. There are about 180 CCDC family genes, encoding proteins that are involved in intercellular transmembrane signal transduction and genetic signal transcription, among other functions. Alterations in expression, mutation, and DNA promoter methylation of CCDC family genes have been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, including primary ciliary dyskinesia, infertility, and tumors. In recent studies, CCDC family genes have been found to be involved in regulation of growth, invasion, metastasis, chemosensitivity, and other biological behaviors of malignant tumor cells in various cancer types, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and thyroid cancer. In this review, we summarize the involvement of CCDC family genes in tumor pathogenesis and the relevant upstream and downstream molecular mechanisms. In addition, we summarize the potential of CCDC family genes as tumor therapy targets. The findings discussed here help us to further understand the role and the therapeutic applications of CCDC family genes in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weiwei Yan
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, 337000, China
| | - Zhan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital (People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410002, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315, Guangzhou, China; Respiratory Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518034, China.
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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He J, Wen W, Beeghly A, Chen Z, Cao C, Shu XO, Zheng W, Long Q, Guo X. Integrating transcription factor occupancy with transcriptome-wide association analysis identifies susceptibility genes in human cancers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7118. [PMID: 36402776 PMCID: PMC9675749 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have successfully discovered many putative disease susceptibility genes. However, TWAS may suffer from inaccuracy of gene expression predictions due to inclusion of non-regulatory variants. By integrating prior knowledge of susceptible transcription factor occupied elements, we develop sTF-TWAS and demonstrate that it outperforms existing TWAS approaches in both simulation and real data analyses. Under the sTF-TWAS framework, we build genetic models to predict alternative splicing and gene expression in normal breast, prostate and lung tissues from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project and apply these models to data from large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted among European-ancestry populations. At Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.05, we identify 354 putative susceptibility genes for these cancers, including 189 previously unreported in GWAS loci and 45 in loci unreported by GWAS. These findings provide additional insight into the genetic susceptibility of human cancers. Additionally, we show the generalizability of the sTF-TWAS on non-cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingni He
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Wanqing Wen
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Alicia Beeghly
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Zhishan Chen
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Chen Cao
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Quan Long
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Xingyi Guo
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
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4
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Grinman DY, Boras-Granic K, Takyar FM, Dann P, Hens JR, Marmol C, Lee J, Choi J, Chodosh LA, Sola MEG, Wysolmerski JJ. PTHrP induces STAT5 activation, secretory differentiation and accelerates mammary tumor development. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:30. [PMID: 35440032 PMCID: PMC9020078 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is required for embryonic breast development and has important functions during lactation, when it is produced by alveolar epithelial cells and secreted into the maternal circulation to mobilize skeletal calcium used for milk production. PTHrP is also produced by breast cancers, and GWAS studies suggest that it influences breast cancer risk. However, the exact functions of PTHrP in breast cancer biology remain unsettled. METHODS We developed a tetracycline-regulated, MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus)-driven model of PTHrP overexpression in mammary epithelial cells (Tet-PTHrP mice) and bred these mice with the MMTV-PyMT (polyoma middle tumor-antigen) breast cancer model to analyze the impact of PTHrP overexpression on normal mammary gland biology and in breast cancer progression. RESULTS Overexpression of PTHrP in luminal epithelial cells caused alveolar hyperplasia and secretory differentiation of the mammary epithelium with milk production. This was accompanied by activation of Stat5 and increased expression of E74-like factor-5 (Elf5) as well as a delay in post-lactation involution. In MMTV-PyMT mice, overexpression of PTHrP (Tet-PTHrP;PyMT mice) shortened tumor latency and accelerated tumor growth, ultimately reducing overall survival. Tumors overproducing PTHrP also displayed increased expression of nuclear pSTAT5 and Elf5, increased expression of markers of secretory differentiation and milk constituents, and histologically resembled secretory carcinomas of the breast. Overexpression of PTHrP within cells isolated from tumors, but not PTHrP exogenously added to cell culture media, led to activation of STAT5 and milk protein gene expression. In addition, neither ablating the Type 1 PTH/PTHrP receptor (PTH1R) in epithelial cells nor treating Tet-PTHrP;PyMT mice with an anti-PTH1R antibody prevented secretory differentiation or altered tumor latency. These data suggest that PTHrP acts in a cell-autonomous, intracrine manner. Finally, expression of PTHrP in human breast cancers is associated with expression of genes involved in milk production and STAT5 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that PTHrP promotes pathways leading to secretory differentiation and proliferation in both normal mammary epithelial cells and in breast tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Y Grinman
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S120, Box 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA.
| | - Kata Boras-Granic
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S120, Box 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA
| | - Farzin M Takyar
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pamela Dann
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S120, Box 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA
| | - Julie R Hens
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S120, Box 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA
| | | | - Jongwon Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lewis A Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perlman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin E Garcia Sola
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - John J Wysolmerski
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S120, Box 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA
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5
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Functional annotation of breast cancer risk loci: current progress and future directions. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:981-993. [PMID: 34741135 PMCID: PMC8980003 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies coupled with large-scale replication and fine-scale mapping studies have identified more than 150 genomic regions that are associated with breast cancer risk. Here, we review efforts to translate these findings into a greater understanding of disease mechanism. Our review comes in the context of a recently published fine-scale mapping analysis of these regions, which reported 352 independent signals and a total of 13,367 credible causal variants. The vast majority of credible causal variants map to noncoding DNA, implicating regulation of gene expression as the mechanism by which functional variants influence risk. Accordingly, we review methods for defining candidate-regulatory sequences, methods for identifying putative target genes and methods for linking candidate-regulatory sequences to putative target genes. We provide a summary of available data resources and identify gaps in these resources. We conclude that while much work has been done, there is still much to do. There are, however, grounds for optimism; combining statistical data from fine-scale mapping with functional data that are more representative of the normal "at risk" breast, generated using new technologies, should lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms that influence an individual woman's risk of breast cancer.
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6
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Chen H, Fan S, Stone J, Thompson DJ, Douglas J, Li S, Scott C, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Michailidou K, Li C, Peters U, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Nguyen-Dumont T, Nguyen TL, Fasching PA, Behrens A, Cadby G, Murphy RA, Aronson K, Howell A, Astley S, Couch F, Olson J, Milne RL, Giles GG, Haiman CA, Maskarinec G, Winham S, John EM, Kurian A, Eliassen H, Andrulis I, Evans DG, Newman WG, Hall P, Czene K, Swerdlow A, Jones M, Pollan M, Fernandez-Navarro P, McConnell DS, Kristensen VN, Rothstein JH, Wang P, Habel LA, Sieh W, Dunning AM, Pharoah PDP, Easton DF, Gierach GL, Tamimi RM, Vachon CM, Lindström S. Genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies of mammographic density phenotypes reveal novel loci. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:27. [PMID: 35414113 PMCID: PMC9006574 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammographic density (MD) phenotypes, including percent density (PMD), area of dense tissue (DA), and area of non-dense tissue (NDA), are associated with breast cancer risk. Twin studies suggest that MD phenotypes are highly heritable. However, only a small proportion of their variance is explained by identified genetic variants. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study, as well as a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), of age- and BMI-adjusted DA, NDA, and PMD in up to 27,900 European-ancestry women from the MODE/BCAC consortia. RESULTS We identified 28 genome-wide significant loci for MD phenotypes, including nine novel signals (5q11.2, 5q14.1, 5q31.1, 5q33.3, 5q35.1, 7p11.2, 8q24.13, 12p11.2, 16q12.2). Further, 45% of all known breast cancer SNPs were associated with at least one MD phenotype at p < 0.05. TWAS further identified two novel genes (SHOX2 and CRISPLD2) whose genetically predicted expression was significantly associated with MD phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided novel insight into the genetic background of MD phenotypes, and further demonstrated their shared genetic basis with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Chen
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Box 351619, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Shaoqi Fan
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jennifer Stone
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Deborah J. Thompson
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julie Douglas
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA ,grid.60094.3b0000 0001 2270 6467Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY USA
| | - Shuai Li
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher Scott
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- grid.417705.00000 0004 0609 0940Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus ,grid.417705.00000 0004 0609 0940Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christopher Li
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Box 351619, Seattle, WA 98195 USA ,grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Box 351619, Seattle, WA 98195 USA ,grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - John L. Hopper
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Tu Nguyen-Dumont
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Tuong L. Nguyen
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annika Behrens
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gemma Cadby
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Rachel A. Murphy
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer and School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kristan Aronson
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Anthony Howell
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Susan Astley
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fergus Couch
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Janet Olson
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Roger L. Milne
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia ,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Graham G. Giles
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.5379.80000000121662407Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK ,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Gertraud Maskarinec
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Stacey Winham
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Esther M. John
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Medicine (Oncology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Allison Kurian
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Medicine (Oncology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Heather Eliassen
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA ,grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Irene Andrulis
- grid.250674.20000 0004 0626 6184Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - D. Gareth Evans
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK ,grid.462482.e0000 0004 0417 0074Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK ,grid.498924.a0000 0004 0430 9101NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - William G. Newman
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Per Hall
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- grid.18886.3fDivision of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Michael Jones
- grid.18886.3fDivision of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Marina Pollan
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernandez-Navarro
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel S. McConnell
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Vessela N. Kristensen
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Joseph H. Rothstein
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Pei Wang
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Laurel A. Habel
- grid.280062.e0000 0000 9957 7758Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA USA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gretchen L. Gierach
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Rulla M. Tamimi
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDivision of Epidemiology, Population Health Science, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Celine M. Vachon
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Sara Lindström
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Box 351619, Seattle, WA 98195 USA ,grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
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7
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Payer LM, Steranka JP, Kryatova MS, Grillo G, Lupien M, Rocha PP, Burns KH. Alu insertion variants alter gene transcript levels. Genome Res 2021; 31:2236-2248. [PMID: 34799402 PMCID: PMC8647820 DOI: 10.1101/gr.261305.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alu are high copy number interspersed repeats that have accumulated near genes during primate and human evolution. They are a pervasive source of structural variation in modern humans. Impacts that Alu insertions may have on gene expression are not well understood, although some have been associated with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Here, we directly test regulatory effects of polymorphic Alu insertions in isolation of other variants on the same haplotype. To screen insertion variants for those with such effects, we used ectopic luciferase reporter assays and evaluated 110 Alu insertion variants, including more than 40 with a potential role in disease risk. We observed a continuum of effects with significant outliers that up- or down-regulate luciferase activity. Using a series of reporter constructs, which included genomic context surrounding the Alu, we can distinguish between instances in which the Alu disrupts another regulator and those in which the Alu introduces new regulatory sequence. We next focused on three polymorphic Alu loci associated with breast cancer that display significant effects in the reporter assay. We used CRISPR to modify the endogenous sequences, establishing cell lines varying in the Alu genotype. Our findings indicate that Alu genotype can alter expression of genes implicated in cancer risk, including PTHLH, RANBP9, and MYC These data show that commonly occurring polymorphic Alu elements can alter transcript levels and potentially contribute to disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Payer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Jared P Steranka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Maria S Kryatova
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Giacomo Grillo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Pedro P Rocha
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4340, USA
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kathleen H Burns
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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8
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Shi Y, Liu C. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0043278 inhibits breast cancer progression via the miR-455-3p/EI24 signalling pathway. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1249. [PMID: 34800978 PMCID: PMC8605514 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is one of the major malignancies worldwide. Circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs) are a class of conserved ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that play important roles in various diseases. Recently, circRNAs have been suggested to have diagnostic value and may function as potential diagnostic biomarkers for BC. Previously, hsa_circ_0043278 was found to be downregulated in human BC. However, its role in human BC has not yet been identified. METHODS The levels of hsa_circ_0043278 in BC cell lines were verified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The overexpression vector and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) of hsa_circ_0043278 were transfected into MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. The effects of hsa_circ_0043278 on tumour cell growth, migration and invasion were measured by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays in vitro. A xenograft experiment was conducted to validate the inhibitory effect of hsa_circ_0043278 on tumour growth. The interaction between hsa_circ_0043278 and miR-455-3p was confirmed by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Mimics and inhibitors of miR-455-3p were designed to confirm the influence of hsa_circ_0043278 on the hsa_circ_0043278/miR-455-3p/etoposide-induced gene 24 (EI24) axis. RESULTS Hsa_circ_0043278 was downregulated in BC cell lines. Furthermore, overexpression of hsa_circ_0043278 notably decreased BC cell viability and inhibited BC cell migration and invasion in vitro and suppressed tumour growth in vivo. Downregulation of hsa_circ_0043278 led to the opposite results. Hsa_circ_0043278 expression was negatively correlated with that of miR-455-3p. In addition, mechanistic investigation proved that hsa_circ_0043278 directly bound to miR-455-3p and regulated EI24 and NF-κB expression in BC cells. CONCLUSION Hsa_circ_0043278 acts as a tumour suppressor gene in BC through the hsa_circ_0043278/miR-455-3p/EI24 axis and may be regarded as a new prognostic predictor or potential therapeutic target in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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9
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Genetic variations of DNA bindings of FOXA1 and co-factors in breast cancer susceptibility. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5318. [PMID: 34518541 PMCID: PMC8438084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying transcription factors (TFs) whose DNA bindings are altered by genetic variants that regulate susceptibility genes is imperative to understand transcriptional dysregulation in disease etiology. Here, we develop a statistical framework to analyze extensive ChIP-seq and GWAS data and identify 22 breast cancer risk-associated TFs. We find that, by analyzing genetic variations of TF-DNA bindings, the interaction of FOXA1 with co-factors such as ESR1 and E2F1, and the interaction of TFs with chromatin features (i.e., enhancers) play a key role in breast cancer susceptibility. Using genetic variants occupied by the 22 TFs, transcriptome-wide association analyses identify 52 previously unreported breast cancer susceptibility genes, including seven with evidence of essentiality from functional screens in breast relevant cell lines. We show that FOXA1 and co-factors form a core TF-transcriptional network regulating the susceptibility genes. Our findings provide additional insights into genetic variations of TF-DNA bindings (particularly for FOXA1) underlying breast cancer susceptibility. The identification of transcription factors (TFs) whose binding sites are affected by risk genetic variants remains crucial. Here, the authors develop a statistical framework to analyse ChIP-seq and GWAS data, identify 22 breast cancer risk-associated TFs and a core TF-transcriptional network for FOXA1 and co-factors.
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10
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Baxter JS, Johnson N, Tomczyk K, Gillespie A, Maguire S, Brough R, Fachal L, Michailidou K, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Ahearn TU, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova NN, Arndt V, Aronson KJ, Augustinsson A, Becher H, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Brenner H, Brucker SY, Cai Q, Campa D, Canzian F, Castelao JE, Chan TL, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chenevix-Trench G, Choi JY, Clarke CL, Colonna S, Conroy DM, Couch FJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Daly MB, Devilee P, Dörk T, Dossus L, Dwek M, Eccles DM, Ekici AB, Eliassen AH, Engel C, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Flyger H, Gago-Dominguez M, Gao C, García-Closas M, García-Sáenz JA, Ghoussaini M, Giles GG, Goldberg MS, González-Neira A, Guénel P, Gündert M, Haeberle L, Hahnen E, Haiman CA, Hall P, Hamann U, Hartman M, Hatse S, Hauke J, Hollestelle A, Hoppe R, Hopper JL, Hou MF, Ito H, Iwasaki M, Jager A, Jakubowska A, Janni W, John EM, Joseph V, Jung A, Kaaks R, Kang D, Keeman R, Khusnutdinova E, Kim SW, Kosma VM, Kraft P, Kristensen VN, Kubelka-Sabit K, Kurian AW, Kwong A, Lacey JV, Lambrechts D, Larson NL, Larsson SC, Le Marchand L, Lejbkowicz F, Li J, Long J, Lophatananon A, Lubiński J, Mannermaa A, Manoochehri M, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Matsuo K, Mavroudis D, Mayes R, Menon U, Milne RL, Mohd Taib NA, Muir K, Muranen TA, Murphy RA, Nevanlinna H, O'Brien KM, Offit K, Olson JE, Olsson H, Park SK, Park-Simon TW, Patel AV, Peterlongo P, Peto J, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Presneau N, Pylkäs K, Rack B, Rennert G, Romero A, Ruebner M, Rüdiger T, Saloustros E, Sandler DP, Sawyer EJ, Schmidt MK, Schmutzler RK, Schneeweiss A, Schoemaker MJ, Shah M, Shen CY, Shu XO, Simard J, Southey MC, Stone J, Surowy H, Swerdlow AJ, Tamimi RM, Tapper WJ, Taylor JA, Teo SH, Teras LR, Terry MB, Toland AE, Tomlinson I, Truong T, Tseng CC, Untch M, Vachon CM, van den Ouweland AMW, Wang SS, Weinberg CR, Wendt C, Winham SJ, Winqvist R, Wolk A, Wu AH, Yamaji T, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Pharoah PDP, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Pettitt SJ, Lord CJ, Haider S, Orr N, Fletcher O. Functional annotation of the 2q35 breast cancer risk locus implicates a structural variant in influencing activity of a long-range enhancer element. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:1190-1203. [PMID: 34146516 PMCID: PMC8322933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of genetic and functional approaches has identified three independent breast cancer risk loci at 2q35. A recent fine-scale mapping analysis to refine these associations resulted in 1 (signal 1), 5 (signal 2), and 42 (signal 3) credible causal variants at these loci. We used publicly available in silico DNase I and ChIP-seq data with in vitro reporter gene and CRISPR assays to annotate signals 2 and 3. We identified putative regulatory elements that enhanced cell-type-specific transcription from the IGFBP5 promoter at both signals (30- to 40-fold increased expression by the putative regulatory element at signal 2, 2- to 3-fold by the putative regulatory element at signal 3). We further identified one of the five credible causal variants at signal 2, a 1.4 kb deletion (esv3594306), as the likely causal variant; the deletion allele of this variant was associated with an average additional increase in IGFBP5 expression of 1.3-fold (MCF-7) and 2.2-fold (T-47D). We propose a model in which the deletion allele of esv3594306 juxtaposes two transcription factor binding regions (annotated by estrogen receptor alpha ChIP-seq peaks) to generate a single extended regulatory element. This regulatory element increases cell-type-specific expression of the tumor suppressor gene IGFBP5 and, thereby, reduces risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (odds ratio = 0.77, 95% CI 0.74-0.81, p = 3.1 × 10-31).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Baxter
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK.
| | - Nichola Johnson
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Katarzyna Tomczyk
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Andrea Gillespie
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Sarah Maguire
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Ireland BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Rachel Brough
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK; The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Laura Fachal
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Thomas U Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk 223040, Belarus
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, and Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Annelie Augustinsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund 222 42, Sweden
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid 28029, Spain; Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk 223040, Belarus; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Daniele Campa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo 36312, Spain
| | - Tsun L Chan
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong; Department of Molecular Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Sarah Colonna
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Don M Conroy
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Laure Dossus
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon 69372, France
| | - Miriam Dwek
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1B 2HW, UK
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04107, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany; David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA; Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chi Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - José A García-Sáenz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Maya Ghoussaini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Open Targets, Core Genetics Team, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Team Exposome and Heredity, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Melanie Gündert
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm 118 83, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jan Hauke
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Reiner Hoppe
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart 70376, Germany; University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-252, Poland; Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-252, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm 89075, Germany
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Vijai Joseph
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Audrey Jung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia; Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450000, Russia
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daerim Saint Mary's Hospital, Seoul 07442, Korea
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Biobank of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0450, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo 0379, Norway
| | - Katerina Kubelka-Sabit
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Clinical Hospital Acibadem Sistina, Skopje 1000, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ava Kwong
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery and Cancer Genetics Center, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - James V Lacey
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Nicole L Larson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Flavio Lejbkowicz
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 35254, Israel
| | - Jingmei Li
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-252, Poland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Biobank of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mehdi Manoochehri
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm 118 83, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 118 83, Sweden
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 711 10, Greece
| | - Rebecca Mayes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Usha Menon
- Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, University College London, London WC1V 6LJ, UK
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Nur Aishah Mohd Taib
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Taru A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Rachel A Murphy
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund 222 42, Sweden
| | - Sue K Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; Convergence Graduate Program in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | | | - Alpa V Patel
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM - the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', MASA, Skopje 1000, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Nadege Presneau
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1B 2HW, UK
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland; Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland
| | - Brigitte Rack
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm 89075, Germany
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 35254, Israel
| | - Atocha Romero
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid 28222, Spain
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Thomas Rüdiger
- Institute of Pathology, Staedtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe 76133, Germany
| | | | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands; Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Genetic Epidemiology Group, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Harald Surowy
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William J Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Breast Cancer Research Programme, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Team Exposome and Heredity, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Chiu-Chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Michael Untch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Helios Clinics Berlin-Buch, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ans M W van den Ouweland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Sophia S Wang
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Camilla Wendt
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 118 83, Sweden
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland; Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Stephen J Pettitt
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK; The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK; The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Syed Haider
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Nick Orr
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Ireland BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK.
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11
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Zhang J, Thakuri BKC, Zhao J, Nguyen LN, Nguyen LNT, Khanal S, Cao D, Dang X, Schank M, Lu Z, Wu XY, Morrison ZD, El Gazzar M, Jiang Y, Ning S, Wang L, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. Long Noncoding RNA RUNXOR Promotes Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Expansion and Functions via Enhancing Immunosuppressive Molecule Expressions during Latent HIV Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:2052-2060. [PMID: 33820854 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RUNX1 overlapping RNA (RUNXOR) is a long noncoding RNA and a key regulator of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) via targeting runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1). We and others have previously reported MDSC expansion and inhibition of host immune responses during viral infections; however, the mechanisms regulating MDSC differentiation and suppressive functions, especially the role of RUNXOR-RUNX1 in the regulation of MDSCs in people living with HIV (PLHIV), remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that RUNXOR and RUNX1 expressions are upregulated in MDSCs that expand and accumulate in human PBMCs derived from PLHIV. We found that the upregulation of RUNXOR and RUNX1 is associated with the expressions of several key immunosuppressive molecules, including arginase 1, inducible NO synthase, STAT3, IL-6, and reactive oxygen species. RUNXOR and RUNX1 could positively regulate each other's expression and control the expressions of these suppressive mediators. Specifically, silencing RUNXOR or RUNX1 expression in MDSCs from PLHIV attenuated MDSC expansion and immunosuppressive mediator expressions, whereas overexpressing RUNXOR in CD33+ myeloid precursors from healthy subjects promoted their differentiation into MDSCs and enhanced the expression of these mediators. Moreover, loss of RUNXOR-RUNX1 function in MDSCs improved IFN-γ production from cocultured autologous CD4 T cells derived from PLHIV. These results suggest that the RUNXOR-RUNX1 axis promotes the differentiation and suppressive functions of MDSCs via regulating multiple immunosuppressive signaling molecules and may represent a potential target for immunotherapy in conjunction with antiviral therapy in PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Bal Krishna Chand Thakuri
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Juan Zhao
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Lam N Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Lam N T Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Sushant Khanal
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Dechao Cao
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Xindi Dang
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Madison Schank
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Zeyuan Lu
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Xiao Y Wu
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Zheng D Morrison
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Mohamed El Gazzar
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN; and
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Ling Wang
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Jonathan P Moorman
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, TN
| | - Zhi Q Yao
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN; .,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, TN
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12
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Guo X, Lin W, Wen W, Huyghe J, Bien S, Cai Q, Harrison T, Chen Z, Qu C, Bao J, Long J, Yuan Y, Wang F, Bai M, Abecasis GR, Albanes D, Berndt SI, Bézieau S, Bishop DT, Brenner H, Buch S, Burnett-Hartman A, Campbell PT, Castellví-Bel S, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Cho SH, Conti DV, Chapelle ADL, Feskens EJM, Gallinger SJ, Giles GG, Goodman PJ, Gsur A, Guinter M, Gunter MJ, Hampe J, Hampel H, Hayes RB, Hoffmeister M, Kampman E, Kang HM, Keku TO, Kim HR, Le Marchand L, Lee SC, Li CI, Li L, Lindblom A, Lindor N, Milne RL, Moreno V, Murphy N, Newcomb PA, Nickerson DA, Offit K, Pearlman R, Pharoah PDP, Platz EA, Potter JD, Rennert G, Sakoda LC, Schafmayer C, Schmit SL, Schoen RE, Schumacher FR, Slattery ML, Su YR, Tangen CM, Ulrich CM, van Duijnhoven FJB, Van Guelpen B, Visvanathan K, Vodicka P, Vodickova L, Vymetalkova V, Wang X, White E, Wolk A, Woods MO, Casey G, Hsu L, Jenkins MA, Gruber SB, Peters U, Zheng W. Identifying Novel Susceptibility Genes for Colorectal Cancer Risk From a Transcriptome-Wide Association Study of 125,478 Subjects. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1164-1178.e6. [PMID: 33058866 PMCID: PMC7956223 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Susceptibility genes and the underlying mechanisms for the majority of risk loci identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remain largely unknown. We conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to identify putative susceptibility genes. METHODS Gene-expression prediction models were built using transcriptome and genetic data from the 284 normal transverse colon tissues of European descendants from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and model performance was evaluated using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 355). We applied the gene-expression prediction models and GWAS data to evaluate associations of genetically predicted gene-expression with CRC risk in 58,131 CRC cases and 67,347 controls of European ancestry. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and knockdown experiments in CRC cells and tumor xenografts were conducted. RESULTS We identified 25 genes associated with CRC risk at a Bonferroni-corrected threshold of P < 9.1 × 10-6, including genes in 4 novel loci, PYGL (14q22.1), RPL28 (19q13.42), CAPN12 (19q13.2), MYH7B (20q11.22), and MAP1L3CA (20q11.22). In 9 known GWAS-identified loci, we uncovered 9 genes that have not been reported previously, whereas 4 genes remained statistically significant after adjusting for the lead risk variant of the locus. Through colocalization analysis in GWAS loci, we additionally identified 12 putative susceptibility genes that were supported by TWAS analysis at P < .01. We showed that risk allele of the lead risk variant rs1741640 affected the promoter activity of CABLES2. Knockdown experiments confirmed that CABLES2 plays a vital role in colorectal carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals new putative susceptibility genes and provides new insight into the biological mechanisms underlying CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- The Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeroen Huyghe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephanie Bien
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tabitha Harrison
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Zhishan Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Conghui Qu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jiandong Bao
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yuan Yuan
- The Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangqin Wang
- The Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengqiu Bai
- The Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Buch
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Peter T Campbell
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sang Hee Cho
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine and University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Steven J Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Guinter
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heather Hampel
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hyeong Rok Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | | | - Soo Chin Lee
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher I Li
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor Moreno
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Neil Murphy
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Rachel Pearlman
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John D Potter
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephanie L Schmit
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yu-Ru Su
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Catherine M Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Emily White
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael O Woods
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Discipline of Genetics, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Li Hsu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Department of Preventive Medicine and University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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Coignard J, Lush M, Beesley J, O'Mara TA, Dennis J, Tyrer JP, Barnes DR, McGuffog L, Leslie G, Bolla MK, Adank MA, Agata S, Ahearn T, Aittomäki K, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Arndt V, Arnold N, Aronson KJ, Arun BK, Augustinsson A, Azzollini J, Barrowdale D, Baynes C, Becher H, Bermisheva M, Bernstein L, Białkowska K, Blomqvist C, Bojesen SE, Bonanni B, Borg A, Brauch H, Brenner H, Burwinkel B, Buys SS, Caldés T, Caligo MA, Campa D, Carter BD, Castelao JE, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chung WK, Claes KBM, Clarke CL, Collée JM, Conroy DM, Czene K, Daly MB, Devilee P, Diez O, Ding YC, Domchek SM, Dörk T, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Dunning AM, Dwek M, Eccles DM, Eliassen AH, Engel C, Eriksson M, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Flyger H, Fostira F, Friedman E, Fritschi L, Frost D, Gago-Dominguez M, Gapstur SM, Garber J, Garcia-Barberan V, García-Closas M, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, Gayther SA, Gehrig A, Georgoulias V, Giles GG, Godwin AK, Goldberg MS, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Greene MH, Guénel P, Haeberle L, Hahnen E, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Hall P, Hamann U, Harrington PA, Hart SN, He W, Hogervorst FBL, Hollestelle A, Hopper JL, Horcasitas DJ, Hulick PJ, Hunter DJ, Imyanitov EN, Jager A, Jakubowska A, James PA, Jensen UB, John EM, Jones ME, Kaaks R, Kapoor PM, Karlan BY, Keeman R, Khusnutdinova E, Kiiski JI, Ko YD, Kosma VM, Kraft P, Kurian AW, Laitman Y, Lambrechts D, Le Marchand L, Lester J, Lesueur F, Lindstrom T, Lopez-Fernández A, Loud JT, Luccarini C, Mannermaa A, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Martens JWM, Mebirouk N, Meindl A, Miller A, Milne RL, Montagna M, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Nielsen FC, O'Brien KM, Olopade OI, Olson JE, Olsson H, Osorio A, Ottini L, Park-Simon TW, Parsons MT, Pedersen IS, Peshkin B, Peterlongo P, Peto J, Pharoah PDP, Phillips KA, Polley EC, Poppe B, Presneau N, Pujana MA, Punie K, Radice P, Rantala J, Rashid MU, Rennert G, Rennert HS, Robson M, Romero A, Rossing M, Saloustros E, Sandler DP, Santella R, Scheuner MT, Schmidt MK, Schmidt G, Scott C, Sharma P, Soucy P, Southey MC, Spinelli JJ, Steinsnyder Z, Stone J, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Swerdlow A, Tamimi RM, Tapper WJ, Taylor JA, Terry MB, Teulé A, Thull DL, Tischkowitz M, Toland AE, Torres D, Trainer AH, Truong T, Tung N, Vachon CM, Vega A, Vijai J, Wang Q, Wappenschmidt B, Weinberg CR, Weitzel JN, Wendt C, Wolk A, Yadav S, Yang XR, Yannoukakos D, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Zorn KK, Park SK, Thomassen M, Offit K, Schmutzler RK, Couch FJ, Simard J, Chenevix-Trench G, Easton DF, Andrieu N, Antoniou AC. A case-only study to identify genetic modifiers of breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1078. [PMID: 33597508 PMCID: PMC7890067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers varies by genetic and familial factors. About 50 common variants have been shown to modify BC risk for mutation carriers. All but three, were identified in general population studies. Other mutation carrier-specific susceptibility variants may exist but studies of mutation carriers have so far been underpowered. We conduct a novel case-only genome-wide association study comparing genotype frequencies between 60,212 general population BC cases and 13,007 cases with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. We identify robust novel associations for 2 variants with BC for BRCA1 and 3 for BRCA2 mutation carriers, P < 10-8, at 5 loci, which are not associated with risk in the general population. They include rs60882887 at 11p11.2 where MADD, SP11 and EIF1, genes previously implicated in BC biology, are predicted as potential targets. These findings will contribute towards customising BC polygenic risk scores for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Coignard
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm, U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie Paris, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech Fontainebleau, Paris, France
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- PSL University Paris, Paris, France
- Paris Sud University, Orsay, France
| | - Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tracy A O'Mara
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel R Barnes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Goska Leslie
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Agata
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Unit Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Thomas Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, and Cancer Research Institute Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Banu K Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Annelie Augustinsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences Lund University, Lund, 22242, Sweden
| | - Jacopo Azzollini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Białkowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ake Borg
- Department of Oncology Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- iFIT-Cluster of Excellence University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080 German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Caligo
- SOD Genetica Molecolare University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brian D Carter
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH) University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Don M Conroy
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Group Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Molecular Genetics Area University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miriam Dwek
- School of Life Sciences University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Universities Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Genomic Medicine, North West Genomics hub Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Universities Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES National Centre for Scientific Research íDemokritosí, Athens, Greece
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Lin Fritschi
- School of Public Health Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Judy Garber
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanesa Garcia-Barberan
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - José A García-Sáenz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics and the Cedars Sinai Genomics Core Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Gehrig
- Department of Human Genetics University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital McGill University Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David E Goldgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia A Harrington
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven N Hart
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wei He
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frans B L Hogervorst
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Darling J Horcasitas
- New Mexico Oncology Hematology Consultants, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Peter J Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paul A James
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics Aarhus, University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Jones
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pooja Middha Kapoor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Renske Keeman
- Womenís Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Division of Molecular Pathology The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna I Kiiski
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
- Translational Cancer Research Area University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yael Laitman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jenny Lester
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm, U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie Paris, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech Fontainebleau, Paris, France
- PSL University Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tricia Lindstrom
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adria Lopez-Fernández
- High Risk and Cancer Prevention Group Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer T Loud
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
- Translational Cancer Research Area University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noura Mebirouk
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm, U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie Paris, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech Fontainebleau, Paris, France
- PSL University Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Austin Miller
- NRG Oncology, Statistics and Data Management Center Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Unit Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences Lund University, Lund, 22242, Sweden
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michael T Parsons
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Inge Sokilde Pedersen
- Molecular Diagnostics Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Beth Peshkin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program IFOM - the FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric C Polley
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bruce Poppe
- Centre for Medical Genetics Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nadege Presneau
- School of Life Sciences University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Miquel Angel Pujana
- Translational Research Laboratory IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin Punie
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Muhammad U Rashid
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Basic Sciences Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH & RC), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hedy S Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Atocha Romero
- Medical Oncology Department Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Rossing
- Center for Genomic Medicine Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Regina Santella
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maren T Scheuner
- Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Womenís Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gunnar Schmidt
- Institute of Human Genetics Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher Scott
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology University of Kansas Medical Center, Westwood, KS, USA
| | - Penny Soucy
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John J Spinelli
- Population Oncology BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zoe Steinsnyder
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease Curtin University and University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Service de Génétique Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Tumour Biology INSERM U830, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Breast Cancer Research Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Teulé
- Hereditary Cancer Program ONCOBELL-IDIBELL-IDIBGI-IGTP, Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Darcy L Thull
- Department of Medicine Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Alison H Trainer
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of medicine University Of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela (IDIS); CIBERER, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Camilla Wendt
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES National Centre for Scientific Research íDemokritosí, Athens, Greece
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kristin K Zorn
- Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital, Odence C, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nadine Andrieu
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm, U900, Paris, France.
- Institut Curie Paris, Paris, France.
- Mines ParisTech Fontainebleau, Paris, France.
- PSL University Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Jiang F, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Wang H. Overexpression of miR-331 Indicates Poor Prognosis and Promotes Progression of Breast Cancer. Oncol Res Treat 2020; 43:441-448. [PMID: 32818938 DOI: 10.1159/000508792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing number of cases of breast cancer every year, the exploration of novel biomarkers has drawn attention. miR-331 has been demonstrated to play a role in various cancers, but its role in breast cancer is still unknown. METHODS In this study, we included 121 patients with breast cancer treated at Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University. Breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected during the surgery. The expression of miR-331 in breast cancer tissues and cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR assay. Then, with the help of Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses, the role of miR-331 in the prognosis of breast cancer was analyzed. Finally, the effect of miR-331 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was investigated with CCK-8 assay and transwell assay. RESULTS miR-331 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. The overexpression of miR-331 was associated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and poor prognosis. From the results of Cox regression analyses, it was found that miR-331 served as an independent indicator in the prognosis of breast cancer. In addition, miR-331 was also found to be upregulated in breast cancer cells, which promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer. CONCLUSION As shown from our data, miR-331 may be a potential prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. Moreover, the development and progression of breast cancer may involve miR-331. These findings suggest a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Jiang
- Department of Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Yunxia Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fuyanshan Branch of Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China,
| | - Honggang Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
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15
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Li M, Shen Y, Chen Y, Gao H, Zhou J, Wang Q, Fan C, Zhang W, Li J, Cong H, Gu J, Gan Y, Tu H. Characterization of hepatitis B virus infection and viral DNA integration in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2199-2209. [PMID: 32350851 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been reported to be associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, the evidence is limited to the seroepidemiological study. There is a lack of evidence showing the HBV infection and integration in NHL cells. Here, we reported that in the Shanghai area, the positive rates of serum HBsAg (OR: 3.11; 95% CI: 2.20-4.41) and HBeAg (OR: 3.99; 95% CI: 1.73-9.91) were significantly higher in patients with NHL. HBsAg, HBcAg and HBV DNA were detected in 34.4%, 45.2% and 47.0% of the NHL tissues, respectively. Furthermore, by using a high-throughput viral integration detection approach (HIVID), integrated HBV DNA was identified from 50% (6/12) HBV-related NHL tissues. There were a total of 313 HBV integration sites isolated from the NHL tissues, among which four protein-coding genes (FAT2, SETX, ITGA10 and CD63) were interrupted by HBV DNA in their exons. Seven HBV preferential target genes (ANKS1B, HDAC4, EGFLAM, MAN1C1, XKR6, ZBTB38 and CCDC91) showed significantly altered expression levels in NHL, suggesting a potential role of these genes in NHL development. Taken together, HBV integration is a common phenomenon in NHL. This finding opens up a new direction of research into the mechanistic link between HBV infection and NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqin Zhou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunsun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of etiology, Qidong People's Hospital/Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyang Gu
- Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Kumaran M, Ghosh S, Joy AA, Mackey JR, Cass CE, Zheng W, Yasui Y, Damaraju S. Fine-mapping of a novel premenopausal breast cancer susceptibility locus at Chr4q31.22 in Caucasian women and validation in African and Chinese women. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:1219-1229. [PMID: 31087647 PMCID: PMC7004017 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified a novel breast cancer susceptibility variant on chromosome 4q31.22 locus (rs1429142) conferring risk among women of European ancestry. Here, we report replication of findings, validation of the variant in diverse populations and fine-mapping of the associated locus in Caucasian population. The SNP rs1429142 (C/T, minor allele frequency 18%) showed association for the overall breast cancer risk in Stages 1-4 (n = 4,331 cases/4271 controls; p = 4.35 × 10-8 ; odds ratio, ORC-allele ,1.25), and an elevated risk among premenopausal women (n = 1,503 cases/4271 controls; p = 5.81 × 10-10 ; ORC-allele 1.40) in European populations. SNP rs1429142 was associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk in women of African (T/C; p-value 1.45 × 10-02 ; ORC-allele 1.2) but not from Chinese ancestry. Fine-mapping of the locus revealed several potential causal variants which are present within a single association signal, revealed from the conditional regression analysis. Functional annotation of the potential causal variants revealed three putative SNPs rs1366691, rs1429139 and rs7667633 with active enhancer functions inferred based on histone marks, DNase hypersensitive sites in breast cell line data. These putative variants were bound by transcription factors (C-FOS, STAT1/3 and POL2/3) with known roles in inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, Hi-C data revealed several short-range interactions in the fine-mapped locus harboring the putative variants. The fine mapped locus was predicted to be within a single topologically associated domain, potentially facilitating enhancer-promoter interactions possibly leading to the regulation of nearby genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi Kumaran
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & PathologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Anil A. Joy
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - John R. Mackey
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Carol E. Cass
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Epidemiology & Cancer ControlSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN
| | - Sambasivarao Damaraju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & PathologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
- Cross Cancer InstituteAlberta Health ServicesEdmontonABCanada
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Fachal L, Aschard H, Beesley J, Barnes DR, Allen J, Kar S, Pooley KA, Dennis J, Michailidou K, Turman C, Soucy P, Lemaçon A, Lush M, Tyrer JP, Ghoussaini M, Moradi Marjaneh M, Jiang X, Agata S, Aittomäki K, Alonso MR, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova NN, Arason A, Arndt V, Aronson KJ, Arun BK, Auber B, Auer PL, Azzollini J, Balmaña J, Barkardottir RB, Barrowdale D, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Białkowska K, Blanco AM, Blomqvist C, Blot W, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Bonanni B, Borg A, Bosse K, Brauch H, Brenner H, Briceno I, Brock IW, Brooks-Wilson A, Brüning T, Burwinkel B, Buys SS, Cai Q, Caldés T, Caligo MA, Camp NJ, Campbell I, Canzian F, Carroll JS, Carter BD, Castelao JE, Chiquette J, Christiansen H, Chung WK, Claes KBM, Clarke CL, Collée JM, Cornelissen S, Couch FJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Cybulski C, Czene K, Daly MB, de la Hoya M, Devilee P, Diez O, Ding YC, Dite GS, Domchek SM, Dörk T, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Droit A, Dubois S, Dumont M, Duran M, Durcan L, Dwek M, Eccles DM, Engel C, Eriksson M, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Fletcher O, Floris G, Flyger H, Foretova L, Foulkes WD, Friedman E, Fritschi L, Frost D, Gabrielson M, Gago-Dominguez M, Gambino G, Ganz PA, Gapstur SM, Garber J, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, Georgoulias V, Giles GG, Glendon G, Godwin AK, Goldberg MS, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Tibiletti MG, Greene MH, Grip M, Gronwald J, Grundy A, Guénel P, Hahnen E, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Hall P, Hamann U, Harrington PA, Hartikainen JM, Hartman M, He W, Healey CS, Heemskerk-Gerritsen BAM, Heyworth J, Hillemanns P, Hogervorst FBL, Hollestelle A, Hooning MJ, Hopper JL, Howell A, Huang G, Hulick PJ, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Iwasaki M, Jager A, Jakimovska M, Jakubowska A, James PA, Janavicius R, Jankowitz RC, John EM, Johnson N, Jones ME, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Jung A, Kaaks R, Kang D, Kapoor PM, Karlan BY, Keeman R, Kerin MJ, Khusnutdinova E, Kiiski JI, Kirk J, Kitahara CM, Ko YD, Konstantopoulou I, Kosma VM, Koutros S, Kubelka-Sabit K, Kwong A, Kyriacou K, Laitman Y, Lambrechts D, Lee E, Leslie G, Lester J, Lesueur F, Lindblom A, Lo WY, Long J, Lophatananon A, Loud JT, Lubiński J, MacInnis RJ, Maishman T, Makalic E, Mannermaa A, Manoochehri M, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Martinez ME, Matsuo K, Maurer T, Mavroudis D, Mayes R, McGuffog L, McLean C, Mebirouk N, Meindl A, Miller A, Miller N, Montagna M, Moreno F, Muir K, Mulligan AM, Muñoz-Garzon VM, Muranen TA, Narod SA, Nassir R, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Neven P, Nielsen FC, Nikitina-Zake L, Norman A, Offit K, Olah E, Olopade OI, Olsson H, Orr N, Osorio A, Pankratz VS, Papp J, Park SK, Park-Simon TW, Parsons MT, Paul J, Pedersen IS, Peissel B, Peshkin B, Peterlongo P, Peto J, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Prajzendanc K, Prentice R, Presneau N, Prokofyeva D, Pujana MA, Pylkäs K, Radice P, Ramus SJ, Rantala J, Rau-Murthy R, Rennert G, Risch HA, Robson M, Romero A, Rossing M, Saloustros E, Sánchez-Herrero E, Sandler DP, Santamariña M, Saunders C, Sawyer EJ, Scheuner MT, Schmidt DF, Schmutzler RK, Schneeweiss A, Schoemaker MJ, Schöttker B, Schürmann P, Scott C, Scott RJ, Senter L, Seynaeve CM, Shah M, Sharma P, Shen CY, Shu XO, Singer CF, Slavin TP, Smichkoska S, Southey MC, Spinelli JJ, Spurdle AB, Stone J, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Sutter C, Swerdlow AJ, Tamimi RM, Tan YY, Tapper WJ, Taylor JA, Teixeira MR, Tengström M, Teo SH, Terry MB, Teulé A, Thomassen M, Thull DL, Tischkowitz M, Toland AE, Tollenaar RAEM, Tomlinson I, Torres D, Torres-Mejía G, Troester MA, Truong T, Tung N, Tzardi M, Ulmer HU, Vachon CM, van Asperen CJ, van der Kolk LE, van Rensburg EJ, Vega A, Viel A, Vijai J, Vogel MJ, Wang Q, Wappenschmidt B, Weinberg CR, Weitzel JN, Wendt C, Wildiers H, Winqvist R, Wolk A, Wu AH, Yannoukakos D, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Hunter D, Pharoah PDP, Chang-Claude J, García-Closas M, Schmidt MK, Milne RL, Kristensen VN, French JD, Edwards SL, Antoniou AC, Chenevix-Trench G, Simard J, Easton DF, Kraft P, Dunning AM. Fine-mapping of 150 breast cancer risk regions identifies 191 likely target genes. Nat Genet 2020; 52:56-73. [PMID: 31911677 PMCID: PMC6974400 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified breast cancer risk variants in over 150 genomic regions, but the mechanisms underlying risk remain largely unknown. These regions were explored by combining association analysis with in silico genomic feature annotations. We defined 205 independent risk-associated signals with the set of credible causal variants in each one. In parallel, we used a Bayesian approach (PAINTOR) that combines genetic association, linkage disequilibrium and enriched genomic features to determine variants with high posterior probabilities of being causal. Potentially causal variants were significantly over-represented in active gene regulatory regions and transcription factor binding sites. We applied our INQUSIT pipeline for prioritizing genes as targets of those potentially causal variants, using gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci), chromatin interaction and functional annotations. Known cancer drivers, transcription factors and genes in the developmental, apoptosis, immune system and DNA integrity checkpoint gene ontology pathways were over-represented among the highest-confidence target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fachal
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hugues Aschard
- Centre de Bioinformatique Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel R Barnes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jamie Allen
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Siddhartha Kar
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen A Pooley
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology and The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Penny Soucy
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Audrey Lemaçon
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maya Ghoussaini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mahdi Moradi Marjaneh
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xia Jiang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simona Agata
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV), IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Rosario Alonso
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetic Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Adalgeir Arason
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- BMC (Biomedical Centre), Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Banu K Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bernd Auber
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paul L Auer
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jacopo Azzollini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Judith Balmaña
- High Risk and Cancer Prevention Group, Vall Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa B Barkardottir
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- BMC (Biomedical Centre), Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Javier Benitez
- Centro de Investigación en Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Katarzyna Białkowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Amie M Blanco
- Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ake Borg
- Department of Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristin Bosse
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- iFIT Cluster of Excellence, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ignacio Briceno
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
- Medical Faculty, Universidad de La Sabana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ian W Brock
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Epidemiology Group (C080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Caligo
- SOD Genetica Molecolare, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola J Camp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ian Campbell
- Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brian D Carter
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jocelyne Chiquette
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Hans Christiansen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Molecular Genetics Area, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Gillian S Dite
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Dubois
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Martine Dumont
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mercedes Duran
- Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UVA-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Lorraine Durcan
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Miriam Dwek
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - William D Foulkes
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Suzanne Levy-Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Lin Fritschi
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marike Gabrielson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Patricia A Ganz
- Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Judy Garber
- Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José A García-Sáenz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gord Glendon
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anne Grundy
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Cancer and Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia A Harrington
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei He
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catherine S Healey
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jane Heyworth
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frans B L Hogervorst
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Howell
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Guanmengqian Huang
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter J Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Jakimovska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paul A James
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Department of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rachel C Jankowitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Michael E Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Arja Jukkola-Vuorinen
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University and Tampere Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Audrey Jung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pooja Middha Kapoor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Johanna I Kiiski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Judy Kirk
- Familial Cancer Service, Weatmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katerina Kubelka-Sabit
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Clinical Hospital 'Acibadem Sistina', Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Ava Kwong
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Cancer Genetics Centre, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Kyriacos Kyriacou
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology and The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Yael Laitman
- The Suzanne Levy-Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Goska Leslie
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny Lester
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Paris, France
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer Team, INSERM U900, Paris, France
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wing-Yee Lo
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jennifer T Loud
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tom Maishman
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mehdi Manoochehri
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tabea Maurer
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Rebecca Mayes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Noura Mebirouk
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Paris, France
- Department of Tumour Biology, INSERM U830, Paris, France
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Austin Miller
- NRG Oncology, Statistics and Data Management Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nicola Miller
- Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV), IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Fernando Moreno
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Taru A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrick Neven
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Aaron Norman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nick Orr
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ana Osorio
- Centro de Investigación en Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - V Shane Pankratz
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Janos Papp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Michael T Parsons
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James Paul
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Inge Sokilde Pedersen
- Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Beth Peshkin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM-the FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Karolina Prajzendanc
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ross Prentice
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nadege Presneau
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Darya Prokofyeva
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Miquel Angel Pujana
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Susan J Ramus
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Rohini Rau-Murthy
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Israeli Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Atocha Romero
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Rossing
- Center for Genomic Medicine at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Marta Santamariña
- Centro de Investigación en Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Christobel Saunders
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maren T Scheuner
- Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel F Schmidt
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schürmann
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher Scott
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leigha Senter
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Caroline M Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Westwood, KS, USA
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Snezhana Smichkoska
- University Clinic of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Medical Faculty, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John J Spinelli
- Population Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Curtin University and University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Department of Tumour Biology, INSERM U830, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Christian Sutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yen Yen Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Tengström
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Breast Cancer Research Programme, Cancer Research Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Teulé
- Hereditary Cancer Program, ONCOBELL-IDIBELL-IDIBGI-IGTP, Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odence, Denmark
| | - Darcy L Thull
- Department of Medicine, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Diana Torres
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Torres-Mejía
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Cancer and Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Tzardi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lizet E van der Kolk
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica-USC, CIBERER, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alessandra Viel
- Division of Functional Onco-genomics and Genetics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maartje J Vogel
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | | | - Camilla Wendt
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David Hunter
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON) Coordinating Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Juliet D French
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stacey L Edwards
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Bermisheva MA, Gilyazova IR, Akhmadishina LZ, Gimalova GF, Zinnatullina GF, Khusnutdinova EK. A WRN Nonsense Mutation, p.R1406X, is Not a Risk Factor of Breast Cancer. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419070056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Sagna T, Bonora E, Ouedraogo MNL, Fusco D, Zoure AA, Bisseye C, Djigma F, Kafando JG, Zongo N, Douamba Z, Obiri-Yeboah D, Turchetti D, Pietra V, Lompo OM, Ouedraogo C, Seri M, Simpore J. Identification of BRCA1/2 p.Ser1613Gly, p.Pro871Leu, p.Lys1183Arg, p.Glu1038Gly, p.Ser1140Gly, p.Ala2466Val, p.His2440Arg variants in women under 45 years old with breast nodules suspected of having breast cancer in Burkina Faso. Biomol Concepts 2019; 10:120-127. [PMID: 31203256 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2019-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the top cause of cancer mortality among women in the world and the second in Africa. The aims of this study were to: i) identify women with breast nodules suspected of having breast cancer ii) sequence the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and iii) screen mutations. From 2015 to 2016, 112 women aged from 35 to 44 years, who had come for consultation in the gynecology/obstetrics and the oncology department of the University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo, voluntarily agreed to participate to this study. Whole blood was collected from those with mammary nodules. The genomic DNA was extracted using Qiagen kit. FAST KAPA was used for genomic DNA amplification and the purified PCR products were analyzed by direct sequencing using Big Dye v1.1 and ABI 3730 automated sequencer. Nucleotides substitutions were determined. We identified BRCA1 SNPs rs1799966, rs799917, rs16942, rs16941, rs2227945, and BRCA2 SNPs rs169547, rs4986860. These identified variants are found mostly in cases of benign tumors of breast or ovarian cancer with familial history of breast cancer. This study in Burkina-Faso, is the basis for improved and more specific genetic testing, and suggests that additional genes contributing to an increased risk of breast cancer should be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tani Sagna
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)/LABIOGENE, Université de Ouagadougou, 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Elena Bonora
- U.O. Genetica Medica Dipartimento di Scienze Ginecologiche, Ostetriche, Pediatriche, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, 902 D 40138, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Fusco
- U.O. Genetica Medica Dipartimento di Scienze Ginecologiche, Ostetriche, Pediatriche, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, 902 D 40138, Italy
| | - Abdou Azaque Zoure
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)/LABIOGENE, Université de Ouagadougou, 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7192, Burkina Faso
| | - Cyrille Bisseye
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)/LABIOGENE, Université de Ouagadougou, 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), BP 934 de Masuku, Gabon
| | - Florencia Djigma
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)/LABIOGENE, Université de Ouagadougou, 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Nayi Zongo
- Hôpital Saint Camille, Ouagadougou, 09 BP 444, Burkina Faso
| | - Zoenabo Douamba
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)/LABIOGENE, Université de Ouagadougou, 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, P. O. Box 5007, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Daniela Turchetti
- U.O. Genetica Medica Dipartimento di Scienze Ginecologiche, Ostetriche, Pediatriche, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, 902 D 40138, Italy
| | - Virginio Pietra
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)/LABIOGENE, Université de Ouagadougou, 01 BP 364, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Hôpital Saint Camille, Ouagadougou, 09 BP 444, Burkina Faso
| | - Olga Melanie Lompo
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo (CHU/YO), Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7022 Burkina Faso
| | - Charlemagne Ouedraogo
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo (CHU/YO), Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7022 Burkina Faso
| | - Marco Seri
- U.O. Genetica Medica Dipartimento di Scienze Ginecologiche, Ostetriche, Pediatriche, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, 902 D 40138, Italy
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20
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Ratnadiwakara M, Rooke M, Ohms SJ, French HJ, Williams RBH, Li RW, Zhang D, Lucas RM, Blackburn AC. The SuprMam1 breast cancer susceptibility locus disrupts the vitamin D/ calcium/ parathyroid hormone pathway and alters bone structure in congenic mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 188:48-58. [PMID: 30529760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex disease, and approximately 30% of cases are considered to be hereditary or familial, with a large fraction of this being polygenic. However, it is difficult to demonstrate the functional importance of genes of small effect in population studies, and these genes are not always easily targeted for prevention. The SuprMam (suppressor of mammary tumour) breast cancer susceptibility alleles were previously identified as contributors to spontaneous mammary tumour development in Trp53+/- mice. In this study, we have generated and characterised congenic mice that contain the BALB/c SuprMam1 (susceptibility) locus on a C57BL/6 (resistant) background and discovered a subtle impairment in the vitamin D/ calcium/ parathyroid hormone (PTH) pathway. This was evident as altered gene expression in the mammary glands of key players in this pathway. Further functional analysis of the mice revealed elevated PTH levels, reduced Cyp27b1 expression in kidneys, and reduced trabecular bone volume/ tissue volume percentage. Plasma 25(OH)D and serum calcium were unchanged. This impairment was a result of genetic differences and occurred only in females, but the elevated PTH levels could be overcome with either calcium or vitamin D dietary supplementation. Either low levels of active vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) or chronically elevated PTH levels may contribute to increased breast cancer susceptibility. These indicators are not easily measured in human population studies, but either mechanism may be preventable with dietary calcium or vitamin D supplements. Therefore, SuprMam congenic mice could serve as a valuable model for studying the role of gene-hormone-environment interactions of the vitamin D/ calcium/ PTH pathway in cancer and other diseases and for testing preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madara Ratnadiwakara
- Cancer Metabolism and Genetics Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Melissa Rooke
- Cancer Metabolism and Genetics Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Stephen J Ohms
- ACRF Biomolecular Resource Facility, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Hugh J French
- Molecular Systems Biology Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Rohan B H Williams
- Molecular Systems Biology Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Rachel W Li
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, The Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Donghai Zhang
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, The Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Anneke C Blackburn
- Cancer Metabolism and Genetics Group, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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21
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Rivandi M, Martens JWM, Hollestelle A. Elucidating the Underlying Functional Mechanisms of Breast Cancer Susceptibility Through Post-GWAS Analyses. Front Genet 2018; 9:280. [PMID: 30116257 PMCID: PMC6082943 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 170 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the susceptibility to breast cancer. Together, these SNPs explain 18% of the familial relative risk, which is estimated to be nearly half of the total familial breast cancer risk that is collectively explained by low-risk susceptibility alleles. An important aspect of this success has been the access to large sample sizes through collaborative efforts within the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), but also collaborations between cancer association consortia. Despite these achievements, however, understanding of each variant's underlying mechanism and how these SNPs predispose women to breast cancer remains limited and represents a major challenge in the field, particularly since the vast majority of the GWAS-identified SNPs are located in non-coding regions of the genome and are merely tags for the causal variants. In recent years, fine-scale mapping studies followed by functional evaluation of putative causal variants have begun to elucidate the biological function of several GWAS-identified variants. In this review, we discuss the findings and lessons learned from these post-GWAS analyses of 22 risk loci. Identifying the true causal variants underlying breast cancer susceptibility and their function not only provides better estimates of the explained familial relative risk thereby improving polygenetic risk scores (PRSs), it also increases our understanding of the biological mechanisms responsible for causing susceptibility to breast cancer. This will facilitate the identification of further breast cancer risk alleles and the development of preventive medicine for those women at increased risk for developing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Rivandi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
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22
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Langley RJ, Wong HR. Early Diagnosis of Sepsis: Is an Integrated Omics Approach the Way Forward? Mol Diagn Ther 2018. [PMID: 28624903 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-017-0282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis remains one of the leading causes of death in the USA and it is expected to get worse as the population ages. Moreover, the standard of care, which recommends aggressive treatment with appropriate antibiotics, has led to an increase in multiple drug-resistant organisms. There is a dire need for the development of new antibiotics, improved antibiotic stewardship, and therapies that treat the host response. Development of new sepsis therapeutics has been a disappointment as no drugs are currently approved to treat the various complications from sepsis. Much of the failure has been blamed on animal models that do not accurately reflect the course of the disease. However, recent improvements in metabolomic, transcriptomic, genomic, and proteomic platforms have allowed for a broad-spectrum look at molecular changes in the host response using clinical samples. Integration of these multi-omic datasets allows researchers to perform systems biology approaches to identify novel pathophysiology of the disease. In this review, we highlight what is currently known about sepsis and how integrative omics has identified new diagnostic and predictive models of sepsis as well as novel mechanisms. These changes may improve patient care as well as guide future preclinical analysis of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Langley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Hector R Wong
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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23
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Tian X, Ma J, Wang T, Tian J, Zheng Y, Peng R, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Mao L, Xu H, Wang S. Long non-coding RNA RUNXOR accelerates MDSC-mediated immunosuppression in lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:660. [PMID: 29914443 PMCID: PMC6006856 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RUNX1 overlapping RNA (RUNXOR) is a long non-coding RNA that has been indicated as a key regulator in the development of myeloid cells by targeting runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells consisting of immature granulocytes and monocytes with immunosuppression. However, the impact of lncRNA RUNXOR on the development of MDSCs remains unknown. Methods Both the expressions of RUNXOR and RUNX1 in the peripheral blood were measured by qRT-PCR. Human MDSCs used in this study were isolated from tumor tissue of patients with lung cancer by FCM or induced from PBMCs of healthy donors with IL-1β + GM-CSF. Specific siRNA was used to knockdown the expression of RUNXOR in MDSCs. Results In this study, we found that the lncRNA RUNXOR was upregulated in the peripheral blood of lung cancer patients. In addition, as a target gene of RUNXOR, the expression of RUNX1 was downregulated in lung cancer patients. Finally, the expression of RUNXOR was higher in MDSCs isolated from the tumor tissues of lung cancer patients compared with cells from adjacent tissue. In addition, RUNXOR knockdown decreased Arg1 expression in MDSCs. Conclusions Based on our findings, it is illustrated that RUNXOR is significantly associated with the immunosuppression induced by MDSCs in lung cancer patients and may be a target of anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212012, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Rongrong Peng
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yungang Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212012, China
| | - Lingxiang Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212012, China.
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212012, China. .,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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24
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A Comprehensive cis-eQTL Analysis Revealed Target Genes in Breast Cancer Susceptibility Loci Identified in Genome-wide Association Studies. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:890-903. [PMID: 29727689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified more than 150 common genetic loci for breast cancer risk. However, the target genes and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We conducted a cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL) analysis using normal or tumor breast transcriptome data from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. We identified a total of 101 genes for 51 lead variants after combing the results of a meta-analysis of METABRIC and TCGA, and the results from GTEx at a Benjamini-Hochberg (BH)-adjusted p < 0.05. Using luciferase reporter assays in both estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) cell lines, we showed that alternative alleles of potential functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs11552449 (DCLRE1B), rs7257932 (SSBP4), rs3747479 (MRPS30), rs2236007 (PAX9), and rs73134739 (ATG10), could significantly change promoter activities of their target genes compared to reference alleles. Furthermore, we performed in vitro assays in breast cancer cell lines, and our results indicated that DCLRE1B, MRPS30, and ATG10 played a vital role in breast tumorigenesis via certain disruption of cell behaviors. Our findings revealed potential target genes for associations of genetic susceptibility risk loci and provided underlying mechanisms for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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25
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Identification of circular RNAs as a promising new class of diagnostic biomarkers for human breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44096-44107. [PMID: 28484086 PMCID: PMC5546465 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous noncoding circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained attention for their involvement in carcinogenesis, but their expression pattern in breast cancer has remained largely unknown. In this two-stage study, we first used an Arraystar Human circRNA Array to construct a genome-wide circRNA profile. We then selected candidate circRNAs for validation using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction system. CircRNA/miRNA interactions were predicted and sequence analyses were performed. Among 1155 differentially expressed circRNAs, 715 were upregulated and 440 were downregulated in breast cancer tissues. The validation study demonstrated that hsa_circ_103110, hsa_circ_104689 and hsa_circ_104821 levels were elevated in breast cancer tissues, whereas hsa_circ_006054, hsa_circ_100219 and hsa_circ_406697 were downregulated. These circRNAs targeted complementary miRNA response elements. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for distinguishing breast cancer was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73-0.90) when hsa_circ_006054, hsa_circ_100219 and hsa_circ_406697 were used in combination. This study provides evidence that circRNAs are differentially expressed in breast cancer and are important in carcinogenesis because they participate in cancer-related pathways and sequester miRNAs.
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26
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Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified approximately 100 breast cancer risk loci. Translating these findings into a greater understanding of the mechanisms that influence disease risk requires identification of the genes or non-coding RNAs that mediate these associations. Here, we use Capture Hi-C (CHi-C) to annotate 63 loci; we identify 110 putative target genes at 33 loci. To assess the support for these target genes in other data sources we test for associations between levels of expression and SNP genotype (eQTLs), disease-specific survival (DSS), and compare them with somatically mutated cancer genes. 22 putative target genes are eQTLs, 32 are associated with DSS and 14 are somatically mutated in breast, or other, cancers. Identifying the target genes at GWAS risk loci will lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms that influence breast cancer risk and prognosis.
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27
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Feng Y, Rhie SK, Huo D, Ruiz-Narvaez EA, Haddad SA, Ambrosone CB, John EM, Bernstein L, Zheng W, Hu JJ, Ziegler RG, Nyante S, Bandera EV, Ingles SA, Press MF, Deming SL, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Zheng Y, Yao S, Han YJ, Ogundiran TO, Rebbeck TR, Adebamowo C, Ojengbede O, Falusi AG, Hennis A, Nemesure B, Ambs S, Blot W, Cai Q, Signorello L, Nathanson KL, Lunetta KL, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Bensen JT, Chanock SJ, Marchand LL, Olshan AF, Kolonel LN, Conti DV, Coetzee GA, Stram DO, Olopade OI, Palmer JR, Haiman CA. Characterizing Genetic Susceptibility to Breast Cancer in Women of African Ancestry. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:1016-1026. [PMID: 28377418 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Genome-wide association studies have identified approximately 100 common genetic variants associated with breast cancer risk, the majority of which were discovered in women of European ancestry. Because of different patterns of linkage disequilibrium, many of these genetic markers may not represent signals in populations of African ancestry.Methods: We tested 74 breast cancer risk variants and conducted fine-mapping of these susceptibility regions in 6,522 breast cancer cases and 7,643 controls of African ancestry from three genetic consortia (AABC, AMBER, and ROOT).Results: Fifty-four of the 74 variants (73%) were found to have ORs that were directionally consistent with those previously reported, of which 12 were nominally statistically significant (P < 0.05). Through fine-mapping, in six regions (3p24, 12p11, 14q13, 16q12/FTO, 16q23, 19p13), we observed seven markers that better represent the underlying risk variant for overall breast cancer or breast cancer subtypes, whereas in another two regions (11q13, 16q12/TOX3), we identified suggestive evidence of signals that are independent of the reported index variant. Overlapping chromatin features and regulatory elements suggest that many of the risk alleles lie in regions with biological functionality.Conclusions: Through fine-mapping of known susceptibility regions, we have revealed alleles that better characterize breast cancer risk in women of African ancestry.Impact: The risk alleles identified represent genetic markers for modeling and stratifying breast cancer risk in women of African ancestry. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(7); 1016-26. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Feng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Suhn Kyong Rhie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Stephen A Haddad
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California.,Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sarah Nyante
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael F Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sandra L Deming
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jorge L Rodriguez-Gil
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Yonglan Zheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Song Yao
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yoo-Jeong Han
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Temidayo O Ogundiran
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Maryland
| | - Clement Adebamowo
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Oladosu Ojengbede
- Center for Population and Reproductive Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeyinka G Falusi
- Institute for Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Anselm Hennis
- Chronic Disease Research Centre, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados.,Department of Preventive Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lisa Signorello
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gerhard A Coetzee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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Quiroz-Zárate A, Harshfield BJ, Hu R, Knoblauch N, Beck AH, Hankinson SE, Carey V, Tamimi RM, Hunter DJ, Quackenbush J, Hazra A. Expression Quantitative Trait loci (QTL) in tumor adjacent normal breast tissue and breast tumor tissue. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170181. [PMID: 28152060 PMCID: PMC5289428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate 71 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in meta-analytic studies of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of breast cancer, the majority of which are located in intergenic or intronic regions. To explore regulatory impacts of these variants we conducted expression quantitative loci (eQTL) analyses on tissue samples from 376 invasive postmenopausal breast cancer cases in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) diagnosed from 1990-2004. Expression analysis was conducted on all formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples (and on 264 adjacent normal samples) using the Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array. Significance and ranking of associations between tumor receptor status and expression variation was preserved between NHS FFPE and TCGA fresh-frozen sample sets (Spearman r = 0.85, p<10^-10 for 17 of the 21 Oncotype DX recurrence signature genes). At an FDR threshold of 10%, we identified 27 trans-eQTLs associated with expression variation in 217 distinct genes. SNP-gene associations can be explored using an open-source interactive browser distributed in a Bioconductor package. Using a new a procedure for testing hypotheses relating SNP content to expression patterns in gene sets, defined as molecular function pathways, we find that loci on 6q14 and 6q25 affect various gene sets and molecular pathways (FDR < 10%). Although the ultimate biological interpretation of the GWAS-identified variants remains to be uncovered, this study validates the utility of expression analysis of this FFPE expression set for more detailed integrative analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin J. Harshfield
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rong Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nick Knoblauch
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew H. Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Susan E. Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vincent Carey
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rulla M. Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David J. Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John Quackenbush
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Center for Cancer Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aditi Hazra
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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