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Chen H, Fan S, Stone J, Thompson DJ, Douglas J, Li S, Scott C, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Michailidou K, Li C, Peters U, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Nguyen-Dumont T, Nguyen TL, Fasching PA, Behrens A, Cadby G, Murphy RA, Aronson K, Howell A, Astley S, Couch F, Olson J, Milne RL, Giles GG, Haiman CA, Maskarinec G, Winham S, John EM, Kurian A, Eliassen H, Andrulis I, Evans DG, Newman WG, Hall P, Czene K, Swerdlow A, Jones M, Pollan M, Fernandez-Navarro P, McConnell DS, Kristensen VN, Rothstein JH, Wang P, Habel LA, Sieh W, Dunning AM, Pharoah PDP, Easton DF, Gierach GL, Tamimi RM, Vachon CM, Lindström S. Genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies of mammographic density phenotypes reveal novel loci. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:27. [PMID: 35414113 PMCID: PMC9006574 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammographic density (MD) phenotypes, including percent density (PMD), area of dense tissue (DA), and area of non-dense tissue (NDA), are associated with breast cancer risk. Twin studies suggest that MD phenotypes are highly heritable. However, only a small proportion of their variance is explained by identified genetic variants. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study, as well as a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), of age- and BMI-adjusted DA, NDA, and PMD in up to 27,900 European-ancestry women from the MODE/BCAC consortia. RESULTS We identified 28 genome-wide significant loci for MD phenotypes, including nine novel signals (5q11.2, 5q14.1, 5q31.1, 5q33.3, 5q35.1, 7p11.2, 8q24.13, 12p11.2, 16q12.2). Further, 45% of all known breast cancer SNPs were associated with at least one MD phenotype at p < 0.05. TWAS further identified two novel genes (SHOX2 and CRISPLD2) whose genetically predicted expression was significantly associated with MD phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided novel insight into the genetic background of MD phenotypes, and further demonstrated their shared genetic basis with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Chen
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Box 351619, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Shaoqi Fan
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jennifer Stone
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Deborah J. Thompson
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julie Douglas
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA ,grid.60094.3b0000 0001 2270 6467Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY USA
| | - Shuai Li
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher Scott
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- grid.417705.00000 0004 0609 0940Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus ,grid.417705.00000 0004 0609 0940Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christopher Li
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Box 351619, Seattle, WA 98195 USA ,grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Box 351619, Seattle, WA 98195 USA ,grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - John L. Hopper
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Tu Nguyen-Dumont
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Tuong L. Nguyen
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annika Behrens
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gemma Cadby
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Rachel A. Murphy
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer and School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kristan Aronson
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Anthony Howell
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Susan Astley
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fergus Couch
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Janet Olson
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Roger L. Milne
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia ,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Graham G. Giles
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.5379.80000000121662407Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK ,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Gertraud Maskarinec
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Stacey Winham
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Esther M. John
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Medicine (Oncology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Allison Kurian
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Medicine (Oncology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Heather Eliassen
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA ,grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Irene Andrulis
- grid.250674.20000 0004 0626 6184Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - D. Gareth Evans
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK ,grid.462482.e0000 0004 0417 0074Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK ,grid.498924.a0000 0004 0430 9101NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - William G. Newman
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Per Hall
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- grid.18886.3fDivision of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Michael Jones
- grid.18886.3fDivision of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Marina Pollan
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernandez-Navarro
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel S. McConnell
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Vessela N. Kristensen
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Joseph H. Rothstein
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Pei Wang
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Laurel A. Habel
- grid.280062.e0000 0000 9957 7758Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA USA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gretchen L. Gierach
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Rulla M. Tamimi
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDivision of Epidemiology, Population Health Science, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Celine M. Vachon
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Sara Lindström
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Box 351619, Seattle, WA 98195 USA ,grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
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Chen J, Wunder J, Tsoi K, Gokgoz N, Andrulis I. 168 Expanding and characterizing tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from myxofibrosarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSarcoma is a group of rare bone and soft tissue tumors with over 50 distinct subtypes. Survival rate ranges widely due to the lack of efficacious treatments. Immunotherapy, such as adoptive cell therapy (ACT), has drawn significant interest due to its minimal toxicity. In ACT, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are isolated from patients, expanded, and autologously infused back. We recently observed TILs’ presence in Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS) and Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) tumors and found that tumor’s PD-L1 overexpression is correlated with better clinical outcome in UPS but not MFS.1 The Th1 anti-tumoral inflammatory pathway was highly activated in the former cohort, which may explain the favorable outcome. We hypothesize that there are phenotypic and functional differences between TILs of UPS with differential PD-L1 expression, which may be related to clinical outcomes. However, sarcoma TILs are rare and challenging to culture, which significantly impedes their studies. We first aim to robustly expand sarcoma TILs to sufficient numbers.MethodsTumors’ PD-L1 expression was determined by RT-qPCR (table 1). To initiate the tumor-fragment (TF) method of TIL culturing, primary tumors were fragmented and cultured in IMDM, IL-2, and 10% HSA. We further optimized the TF protocol to expand rare sarcoma TILs. Rapid expansion protocol (REP) with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 co-stimulating beads was employed for additional expansion. During REP, TILs were co-treated with gamma-chain cytokines (IL-2, 7, 15, 21).ResultsOf the 15 MFS TIL populations expanded, only 40% achieved sufficient growth (1x106) for analysis (figure 1A). Our optimized TF protocol expanded TILs from 8 UPS cases with a 62.5% success rate (figure 1B). UPS TILs were further stimulated with REP and various gamma-chain cytokine treatments. In ACT, prolonged culturing with IL-2 is known to cause activation-induced cell death, problematic in clinical treatments. We demonstrated that treatments with a Trio-cocktail (IL-7, 15, and 21) or IL-15 alone can achieve TIL proliferation comparable to that of IL-2 (figure 2).Abstract 168 Figure 1Initial TIL Culturing with Tumor Fragment Method. Figure A.. The traditional tumor fragment protocol was used to expand TILs of four MFS cases. TILs were cultured and expanded from primary tumor fragments in IL-2 (6000IU/mL) supplemented complete media (CM) over four weeks in duration. Fifteen TIL populations were derived from the four MFS cases. Populations were categorized based on their growth rates and labeled as ‘1’ or ‘2’ representing ‘fast’ or ‘slow’ growing TILs, respectively. Additional populations ‘A’ and ‘B’ represent biological replicates. Population TIL164 ‘2’ had no replicates. At Week 4, populations’ cell counts were determined via hemocytometer. As shown, only 6 out of 15 populations achieved > 1x10^6 cells (40% success rate). Figure B. An optimized tumor fragment protocol was used to expand TILs of eight UPS cases. Optimization includes shortening the culturing duration from four weeks to two weeks, reducing frequency of cell culture disruption, and adjusting cell culture environments. TILs were expanded from primary tumor fragments in CM over two weeks in duration. At Week 2, populations’ cell counts were determined via hemocytometer. As shown, 5 out of 8 cases achieved >1x10^6 cells (62.5% success rate).Abstract 168 Figure 2Gamma-chain cytokine treatments of UPS TILs. Gamma-chain cytokine treatments of UPS TILs with CD3/CD28 stimulation. Magnetic Dynabeads coated with CD3 and CD28 monoclonal antibodies were used to stimulate cells at a bead to cell ratio of 1:3. In ACT, IL-2 is a gold-standard cytokine that facilitates potent T-cell growth. However, it is known to cause activation-induced cell death. Resulting TIL population also possesses an exhausted-effector phenotype with low durability. UPS TIL Case 52 and Case 166 were treated with various interleukins during two weeks of REP, including gamma-chain IL-7, 15, 21 and inflammatory IL-12. IL-7, IL-12, and IL-21 individually did not elicit significant T-cell growth. IL-15 alone and in combination with IL-7 and IL-21 yield growth comparable to IL-2. IL-2 was obtained from Novartis (50ng/mL). All other cytokines were obtained from PeproTech (25ng/mL).Abstract 168 Table 1Tumor PD-L1 RNA Expression. Four MFS and eight UPS cases were processed. Tumors’ PD-L1 RNA expression was determined via RT-qPCR and evaluated as a ratio with the housekeeping gene STAM2. TIL359’s PD-L1 status has yet to be evaluated.ConclusionsSarcoma infiltrates are difficult to culture, and their roles remain largely unstudied. By optimizing the TF protocol in conjunction with anti-CD3/CD28 treatments, we developed a robust in vitro pipeline to expand rare sarcoma TILs, enabling downstream characterization. We also demonstrated the potential for alternate gamma-chain cytokines to favorably replace IL-2 during TIL expansion. Future phenotypic and functional evaluation of UPS TILs would elucidate the impact of tumors’ differential PD-L1 expression on UPS patients‘ prognoses. These findings would inform the implementation of ACT in sarcoma treatments.ReferencesWunder J, Lee M, Nam J, Lau B, Dickson B, Pinnaduwage D, Bull S, Ferguson P, Seto A, Gokgoz N, Andrulis I. Osteosarcoma and soft-tissue sarcomas with an immune infiltrate express PD-L1: relation to clinical outcome and Th1 pathway activation. Onco Immunology 2020;9: e1737385-1- e1737385-13.Ethics ApprovalPatients provided signed consent before study entry, as approved by Mount Sinai Hospital’s Ethics Board (REB#01-0138-U).
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Choi YH, Jung H, Buys S, Daly M, John EM, Hopper J, Andrulis I, Terry MB, Briollais L. A competing risks model with binary time varying covariates for estimation of breast cancer risks in BRCA1 families. Stat Methods Med Res 2021; 30:2165-2183. [PMID: 34232831 PMCID: PMC8424615 DOI: 10.1177/09622802211008945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammographic screening and prophylactic surgery such as risk-reducing salpingo oophorectomy can potentially reduce breast cancer risks among mutation carriers of BRCA families. The evaluation of these interventions is usually complicated by the fact that their effects on breast cancer may change over time and by the presence of competing risks. We introduce a correlated competing risks model to model breast and ovarian cancer risks within BRCA1 families that accounts for time-varying covariates. Different parametric forms for the effects of time-varying covariates are proposed for more flexibility and a correlated gamma frailty model is specified to account for the correlated competing events.We also introduce a new ascertainment correction approach that accounts for the selection of families through probands affected with either breast or ovarian cancer, or unaffected. Our simulation studies demonstrate the good performances of our proposed approach in terms of bias and precision of the estimators of model parameters and cause-specific penetrances over different levels of familial correlations. We applied our new approach to 498 BRCA1 mutation carrier families recruited through the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Our results demonstrate the importance of the functional form of the time-varying covariate effect when assessing the role of risk-reducing salpingo oophorectomy on breast cancer. In particular, under the best fitting time-varying covariate model, the overall effect of risk-reducing salpingo oophorectomy on breast cancer risk was statistically significant in women with BRCA1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Choi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Hae Jung
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Saundra Buys
- Health Sciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mary Daly
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Esther M John
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John Hopper
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Irene Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Briollais
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Meltzer PS, Davis S, Zhu J, Wang Y, Bilke S, Waterfall J, Walker R, Pineda M, Jiang Y, Savage S, Mirabello L, Man TK, Taylor A, Sun MJ, Wunder J, Andrulis I, Gokgoz N, Iwata S, Ohira M, Krailo M, Barkauskas D, Teot L, Triche T, de Toledo S, Petrilli AS, Auvil JMG, Gorlick R, Smith MA, Gerhard D, Lau CC. Abstract LB-307: Translational and mechanistic implications of osteosarcoma genomics: A TARGET report. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-lb-307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor of children and young adults. Although the optimization of combination chemotherapy has led to significantly improved prognosis, survival remains poor for patients with recurrent tumor or metastatic disease at diagnosis. The international TARGET (Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Therapy) OS project team collected 285 clinically annotated samples (age <40 years) for integrative genomics analyses. Eighty-nine cases, the discovery set, were characterized with paired tumor and normal DNA sequencing as well as profiling of transcriptomes, DNA methylation, and miRNA. An additional 196 validation cases were used for copy number analysis and targeted DNA sequencing guided by results from the discovery set. The most frequent recurrent somatic mutations cause loss of function in the tumor suppressors TP53, RB1, CDKN2A, PTEN, and NF1 as well as the chromatin remodeler ATRX. Structural rearrangements are an important mechanism of inactivation for all of these genes. In the discovery set, every case carried at least one mutation of a cell cycle regulator, with TP53 somatically altered in 87/89 cases. Analysis of TP53 mutations suggests that these are often truncal. OS genomes are strikingly complex and contain copy number aberrations (CNA) arising from aneuploidy and extensive structural rearrangements. Transcriptome analysis revealed profound remodeling of gene expression with statistically significant correlation of CNA and gene expression of 3340 genes (FDR<0.001). Regions of high copy number amplification include known therapeutically relevant cancer drivers (e.g. PDGFRA, MYC, CDK4, MDM2, IGF1R, and CCNE1). In contrast, activating mutations of signal transduction genes were rare. With few exceptions (e.g. MYC amplification), mutations or CNA of individual genes were not predictive of outcome. The pattern of significant co-occurrence or mutual exclusion of frequent mutations and amplifications allowed partitioning of 240 cases into four distinct genomic groups. One of these, characterized by relatively simple genomes lacking high copy number amplification, had a more favorable outcome. Unsupervised transcriptome analysis by NMF separated the discovery set into two groups with significantly different outcomes. A pathway-based approach identified a high-risk bone differentiation signature comprised of genes highly correlated with the expression of the osteogenic transcription factors. NMF analysis of DNA methylation and miRNA data also partitioned the discovery set into two groups with the methylation groups significantly correlated with clinical outcome. Our results provide a detailed picture of the genomic complexity and heterogeneity of these tumors that suggests a model wherein most OS are initiated by TP53 loss in a proliferative cell of the osteoblast lineage. TP53 deficiency leads directly to impairment of cell cycle control, DNA repair, and terminal differentiation, a state permissive for the development of secondary CNA and epigenetic changes. The TARGET OS data are publicly available (phs000218) and of immediate relevance to future investigations of the molecular mechanisms driving osteosarcoma. Findings suggest a path forward to improved assessment of risk for individual patients and support a precision medicine approach to future clinical trial development.
Citation Format: Paul S. Meltzer, Sean Davis, Jack Zhu, Yonghong Wang, Sven Bilke, Joshua Waterfall, Robert Walker, Marbin Pineda, Yuan Jiang, Sharon Savage, Lisa Mirabello, Tsz-Kwong Man, Aaron Taylor, Monika J. Sun, Jay Wunder, Irene Andrulis, Nalan Gokgoz, Shintaro Iwata, Miki Ohira, Mark Krailo, Don Barkauskas, Lisa Teot, Timothy Triche, Silvia de Toledo, Antonio S. Petrilli, Jaime M. Guidry Auvil, Richard Gorlick, Malcolm A. Smith, Daniela Gerhard, Ching C. Lau. Translational and mechanistic implications of osteosarcoma genomics: A TARGET report [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-307.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aaron Taylor
- 4Jackson Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | | | - Jay Wunder
- 5Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene Andrulis
- 6Lunenfeld Institute Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nalan Gokgoz
- 6Lunenfeld Institute Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Mark Krailo
- 9Children's Oncology Group (COG), Monrovia, CA
| | | | - Lisa Teot
- 10Dana Farber Cancer Insitute, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ching C. Lau
- 4Jackson Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
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Huang J, Xu E, Sachdeva M, Robinson T, Qin X, Zhang D, Owzar K, Gokgoz N, Seto A, Andrulis I, Wunder J, Okada T, Singer S, Lazar A, Rubin B, Kirsch DG. Abstract LB-306: Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 promotes lung metastasis of soft tissue sarcoma by regulating RNA splicing pathways. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-lb-306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are malignant tumors from diverse mesenchymal tissues. About 40% STS patients develop fatal lung metastasis with a median survival of 15 months. The mechanisms driving the development of lung metastasis in sarcoma patients are poorly understood. Therefore, our lab has developed a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of high-grade primary STS with conditional mutations in Kras and Trp53 (KP) where 40% of mice tumors develop lung metastasis. This KP model recapitulates human patients with Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS), one of the most common subtypes of STS diagnosed in adults. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed on paired primary and lung metastases in KP mouse sarcomas and determined that the expression of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Neat1 is increased in lung metastases compared to paired primary tumors. Real time PCR (qPCR) in 22 paired KP mouse primary sarcomas and lung metastases further confirmed that Neat1 is significantly upregulated in some lung metastases. In addition, RNA-Seq and qPCR data from 10 pairs of human primary sarcomas and matched lung metastases also showed that NEAT1 levels are increased in lung metastases. Furthermore, NEAT1 RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) on tissue microarrays (TMAs) of human primary UPS and lung metastases determined that the expression of NEAT1 is upregulated in lung metastases. Next, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was applied to delete Neat1 in primary mouse sarcoma cells and loss of expression of Neat1 was confirmed by qPCR and northern blot in knockout (KO) clones. In addition, loss of Neat1 significantly reduced lung metastasis in vivo following tail vein injection of these modified cells into nude mice. Furthermore, RNA pull down assay with mass spectrometry analysis determined Neat1 interacting proteins, such as Khsrp, were mainly involved in RNA splicing pathways which was also shown to be dysregulated in lung metastases and Neat1 KO cells. Finally, CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout of Khsrp significantly reduced lung metastasis in vivo following tail vein injection of these modified cells into nude mice. Overall, these results suggest that upregulation of Neat1 promotes lung metastasis of soft tissue sarcoma through regulating RNA splicing pathways and NEAT1 is a potential target to prevent or treat lung metastasis in sarcoma patients.
Citation Format: Jianguo Huang, Eric Xu, Mohit Sachdeva, Timothy Robinson, Xiaodi Qin, Dadong Zhang, Kouros Owzar, Nalan Gokgoz, Andrew Seto, Irene Andrulis, Jay Wunder, Tomoyo Okada, Simuel Singer, Alexander Lazar, Brian Rubin, David G. Kirsch. Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 promotes lung metastasis of soft tissue sarcoma by regulating RNA splicing pathways [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-306.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Xu
- 1Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | | | - Xiaodi Qin
- 1Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | | | - Nalan Gokgoz
- 2Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Seto
- 2Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene Andrulis
- 2Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay Wunder
- 2Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomoyo Okada
- 3Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Simuel Singer
- 3Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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6
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Huang J, Xu E, Sachdeva M, Robinson T, Qin X, Zhang D, Owzar K, Gokgoz N, Seto A, Andrulis I, Wunder J, Okada T, Singer S, Lazar A, Rubin B, Kirsch DG. Abstract 516: Long noncoding RNA NEAT1 promotes lung metastasis of soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are malignant tumors from diverse mesenchymal tissues. About 40% STS patients develop fatal lung metastasis with a median survival of 15 months. The mechanisms driving the development of lung metastasis in sarcoma patients are poorly understood. Therefore, our lab has developed a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of high-grade primary STS with conditional mutations in Kras and Trp53 (KP) where 40% of mice tumors develop lung metastasis. This KP model recapitulates human patients with Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS), one of the most common subtypes of STS diagnosed in adults. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed on paired primary and lung metastases in KP mouse sarcomas and determined that the expression of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Neat1 is increased in lung metastases compared to paired primary tumors. Real time PCR (qPCR) in 22 paired KP mouse primary sarcomas and lung metastases further confirmed that Neat1 is significantly upregulated in lung metastases. In addition, RNA-Seq data from 5 pairs of human primary sarcomas and matched lung metastases also showed that NEAT1 levels are increased in lung metastases. Furthermore, NEAT1 RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) on tissue microarrays (TMAs) of human primary UPS and lung metastases determined that the expression of NEAT1 is upregulated in lung metastases. Next, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was applied to delete Neat1 in primary mouse sarcoma cells and loss of expression of Neat1 was confirmed by qPCR and northern blot in knockout (KO) clones. In addition, loss of Neat1 significantly reduced lung metastasis in vivo following tail vein injection of these modified cells into nude mice. To further test that loss of Neat1 reduces lung metastasis in primary sarcoma mouse model, primary tumors with Neat1 deletion are generated in GEMMs using in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 technology and KrasLSL-G12D/+; Trp53Flox/Flox; Neat1-/- (KPN) mouse model. Finally, RNA-Seq and capture hybridization analysis of RNA targets (CHART) are performed to determine mechanisms by which Neat1 regulates lung metastasis. Overall, these results suggest that upregulation of Neat1 promotes lung metastasis of soft tissue sarcoma and NEAT1 is a potential target to prevent or treat lung metastasis in sarcoma patients.
Citation Format: Jianguo Huang, Eric Xu, Mohit Sachdeva, Timothy Robinson, Xiaodi Qin, Dadong Zhang, Kouros Owzar, Nalan Gokgoz, Andrew Seto, Irene Andrulis, Jay Wunder, Tomoyo Okada, Samuel Singer, Alexander Lazar, Brian Rubin, David G. Kirsch. Long noncoding RNA NEAT1 promotes lung metastasis of soft tissue sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 516.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Xu
- 1Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | | | - Xiaodi Qin
- 1Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | | | - Nalan Gokgoz
- 3Lunenfeld-Tanenbaun Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Seto
- 3Lunenfeld-Tanenbaun Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene Andrulis
- 3Lunenfeld-Tanenbaun Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay Wunder
- 3Lunenfeld-Tanenbaun Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomoyo Okada
- 4Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Samuel Singer
- 4Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Brian Rubin
- 6Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
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7
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Lu C, Jain S, Hoelper D, Bechet D, Ran L, Andrulis I, Dickson B, Majewski J, Thompson C, Chi P, Garcia B, Jabado N, Lewis P, Allis CD. Abstract PR12: Histone H3K36 mutations promote sarcomagenesis through altered histone methylation landscape. Clin Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.sarcomas17-pr12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Several types of bone/cartilage tumors reportedly contain high-frequency missense mutations in histone H3, yet the underlying oncogenic mechanism remains poorly characterized. We find that the H3 lysine 36 to methionine (H3K36M) mutation, identified in >90% of chondroblastomas, impairs the differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells and generates undifferentiated sarcoma in vivo. H3K36M mutant nucleosomes inhibit the enzymatic activities of several H3K36 methyltransferases, resulting in globally diminished H3K36 methylation. Depletion of H3K36 methyltransferases, or expressing an H3K36I mutant that similarly inhibits H3K36 methylation, is sufficient to phenocopy H3K36M mutation. Following the loss of H3K36 methylation, a genome-wide gain in H3K27 methylation leads to a redistribution of polycomb repressive complex 1 and de-repression of polycomb target genes known to block mesenchymal differentiation. Our findings are mirrored in human undifferentiated sarcomas where novel K36M/I mutations in H3.1 are identified in rare pediatric cases.
This abstract is also being presented as Poster A12.
Citation Format: Chao Lu, Siddhant Jain, Dominik Hoelper, Denise Bechet, Leili Ran, Irene Andrulis, Brendan Dickson, Jacek Majewski, Craig Thompson, Ping Chi, Benjamin Garcia, Nada Jabado, Peter Lewis, C. David Allis. Histone H3K36 mutations promote sarcomagenesis through altered histone methylation landscape [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference on Advances in Sarcomas: From Basic Science to Clinical Translation; May 16-19, 2017; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(2_Suppl):Abstract nr PR12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- 1The Rockefeller University, New York, NY,
| | | | | | | | - Leili Ran
- 4Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,
| | | | | | | | | | - Ping Chi
- 4Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,
| | | | | | - Peter Lewis
- 2University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI,
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Nakka M, Allen-Rhoades W, Li Y, Kelly A, Shen J, Taylor A, Barkauskas DA, Yustein J, Andrulis I, Wunder J, Gorlick R, Meltzer P, Lau C, Man TK. Abstract 4741: Biomarker significance of plasma and tumor miR-21, miR-221, and miR-106a in pediatric osteosarcoma. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-4741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. Despite the use of surgery and multi-agent chemotherapy, osteosarcoma patients who respond poorly towards chemotherapy or develop relapses have a dismal outcome. Identification of biomarkers for active disease may help to monitor tumor burden, detect early relapses, and predict prognosis in these patients, so that they can be treated as early as possible to improve their survival. In this study, we examined if circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can be used as biomarkers in osteosarcoma patients. We performed genome-wide miRNA profiling on a discovery cohort of OS plasma samples (n=32) collected from the Texas Children’s Hospital. A total of 56 miRNAs were upregulated and 164 miRNAs were downregulated in osteosarcoma samples when compared to normal plasma samples (n=8). miRNA-21, miR-221 and miRNA-106a were selected for further validation based on their known biological importance. We showed that all three circulating miRNAs were expressed significantly higher in OS samples (n=29) than normal samples (n=17) in an independent cohort obtained from the Children’s Oncology Group. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-21 was expressed significantly higher in osteosarcoma tumors (n=89) compared with normal bone controls. More importantly, lower expressions of miR-21 and miR-221, but not miR-106a, significantly correlated with a poor outcome. In conclusion, our results indicate that miR-21, miR-221 and miR-106a are elevated in the circulation of osteosarcoma patients, whereas tumor expressions of miR-21 and miR-221 are prognostically significant. Further investigation of the miRNAs may lead to a better prognostic method and potential miRNA therapeutics for osteosarcoma.
Citation Format: Manjula Nakka, Wendy Allen-Rhoades, Yiting Li, Aaron Kelly, Jianhe Shen, Aaron Taylor, Donald A. Barkauskas, Jason Yustein, Irene Andrulis, Jay Wunder, Richard Gorlick, Paul Meltzer, Ching Lau, Tsz-Kwong Man. Biomarker significance of plasma and tumor miR-21, miR-221, and miR-106a in pediatric osteosarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4741. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4741
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yiting Li
- 1Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jay Wunder
- 3University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Ching Lau
- 1Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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9
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Shimelis H, Mesman RLS, Von Nicolai C, Ehlen A, Guidugli L, Martin C, Calléja FMGR, Meeks H, Hallberg E, Hinton J, Lilyquist J, Hu C, Aalfs CM, Aittomäki K, Andrulis I, Anton-Culver H, Arndt V, Beckmann MW, Benitez J, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Borresen-Dale AL, Brauch H, Brennan P, Brenner H, Broeks A, Brouwers B, Brüning T, Burwinkel B, Chang-Claude J, Chenevix-Trench G, Cheng CY, Choi JY, Collée JM, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Darabi H, Dennis J, Dörk T, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Dunning AM, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Flyger H, García-Closas M, Giles GG, Glendon G, Guénel P, Haiman CA, Hall P, Hamann U, Hartman M, Hogervorst FB, Hollestelle A, Hopper JL, Ito H, Jakubowska A, Kang D, Kosma VM, Kristensen V, Lai KN, Lambrechts D, Marchand LL, Li J, Lindblom A, Lophatananon A, Lubinski J, Machackova E, Mannermaa A, Margolin S, Marme F, Matsuo K, Miao H, Michailidou K, Milne RL, Muir K, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Olson JE, Olswold C, Oosterwijk JJC, Osorio A, Peterlongo P, Peto J, Pharoah PDP, Pylkäs K, Radice P, Rashid MU, Rhenius V, Rudolph A, Sangrajrang S, Sawyer EJ, Schmidt MK, Schoemaker MJ, Seynaeve C, Shah M, Shen CY, Shrubsole M, Shu XO, Slager S, Southey MC, Stram DO, Swerdlow A, Teo SH, Tomlinson I, Torres D, Truong T, van Asperen CJ, van der Kolk LE, Wang Q, Winqvist R, Wu AH, Yu JC, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Leary J, Walker L, Foretova L, Fostira F, Claes KBM, Varesco L, Moghadasi S, Easton DF, Spurdle A, Devilee P, Vrieling H, Monteiro ANA, Goldgar DE, Carreira A, Vreeswijk MPG, Couch FJ. BRCA2 Hypomorphic Missense Variants Confer Moderate Risks of Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2789-2799. [PMID: 28283652 PMCID: PMC5508554 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer risks conferred by many germline missense variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, often referred to as variants of uncertain significance (VUS), have not been established. In this study, associations between 19 BRCA1 and 33 BRCA2 missense substitution variants and breast cancer risk were investigated through a breast cancer case-control study using genotyping data from 38 studies of predominantly European ancestry (41,890 cases and 41,607 controls) and nine studies of Asian ancestry (6,269 cases and 6,624 controls). The BRCA2 c.9104A>C, p.Tyr3035Ser (OR = 2.52; P = 0.04), and BRCA1 c.5096G>A, p.Arg1699Gln (OR = 4.29; P = 0.009) variant were associated with moderately increased risks of breast cancer among Europeans, whereas BRCA2 c.7522G>A, p.Gly2508Ser (OR = 2.68; P = 0.004), and c.8187G>T, p.Lys2729Asn (OR = 1.4; P = 0.004) were associated with moderate and low risks of breast cancer among Asians. Functional characterization of the BRCA2 variants using four quantitative assays showed reduced BRCA2 activity for p.Tyr3035Ser compared with wild-type. Overall, our results show how BRCA2 missense variants that influence protein function can confer clinically relevant, moderately increased risks of breast cancer, with potential implications for risk management guidelines in women with these specific variants. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2789-99. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermela Shimelis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Romy L S Mesman
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Asa Ehlen
- Genotoxic Stress and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Lucia Guidugli
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Huong Meeks
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Emily Hallberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jamie Hinton
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jenna Lilyquist
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Chunling Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Cora M Aalfs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlevand Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Brouwers
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joe Dennis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Frans B Hogervorst
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Kah-Nyin Lai
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Eva Machackova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frederik Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hui Miao
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Curtis Olswold
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jan J C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, The FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Muhammad Usman Rashid
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Basic Sciences, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Valerie Rhenius
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mitul Shah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Martha Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soo H Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lizet E van der Kolk
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ying Zheng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jennifer Leary
- Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Logan Walker
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Institute of Radioisotopes and Radiodiagnostic Products (IRRP), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Liliana Varesco
- Unit of Hereditary Cancers, IRCCS AOU San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Setareh Moghadasi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Spurdle
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Vrieling
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alvaro N A Monteiro
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Oncologic Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - David E Goldgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Aura Carreira
- Genotoxic Stress and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Maaike P G Vreeswijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Southey MC, Goldgar DE, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Couch F, Tischkowitz M, Foulkes WD, Dennis J, Michailidou K, van Rensburg EJ, Heikkinen T, Nevanlinna H, Hopper JL, Dörk T, Claes KB, Reis-Filho J, Teo ZL, Radice P, Catucci I, Peterlongo P, Tsimiklis H, Odefrey FA, Dowty JG, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Hogervorst FB, Verhoef S, Carpenter J, Clarke C, Scott RJ, Fasching PA, Haeberle L, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Peto J, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Fletcher O, Johnson N, Bolla MK, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Marme F, Burwinkel B, Yang R, Guénel P, Truong T, Menegaux F, Sanchez M, Bojesen S, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Benitez J, Zamora MP, Perez JIA, Menéndez P, Anton-Culver H, Neuhausen S, Ziogas A, Clarke CA, Brenner H, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Brauch H, Brüning T, Ko YD, Muranen TA, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Bogdanova NV, Antonenkova NN, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Spurdle AB, Investigators KC, Wauters E, Smeets D, Beuselinck B, Floris G, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Seibold P, Flesch-Janys D, Olson JE, Vachon C, Pankratz VS, McLean C, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Le Marchand L, Kristensen V, Alnæs GG, Zheng W, Hunter DJ, Lindstrom S, Hankinson SE, Kraft P, Andrulis I, Knight JA, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Grip M, Kauppila S, Devilee P, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve C, Hollestelle A, Garcia-Closas M, Figueroa J, Chanock SJ, Lissowska J, Czene K, Darabi H, Eriksson M, Eccles DM, Rafiq S, Tapper WJ, Gerty SM, Hooning MJ, Martens JWM, Collée JM, Tilanus-Linthorst M, Hall P, Li J, Brand JS, Humphreys K, Cox A, Reed MWR, Luccarini C, Baynes C, Dunning AM, Hamann U, Torres D, Ulmer HU, Rüdiger T, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Jaworska K, Durda K, Slager S, Toland AE, Ambrosone CB, Yannoukakos D, Swerdlow A, Ashworth A, Orr N, Jones M, González-Neira A, Pita G, Alonso MR, Álvarez N, Herrero D, Tessier DC, Vincent D, Bacot F, Simard J, Dumont M, Soucy P, Eeles R, Muir K, Wiklund F, Gronberg H, Schleutker J, Nordestgaard BG, Weischer M, Travis RC, Neal D, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Khaw KT, Stanford JL, Blot WJ, Thibodeau S, Schaid DJ, Kelley JL, Maier C, Kibel AS, Cybulski C, Cannon-Albright L, Butterbach K, Park J, Kaneva R, Batra J, Teixeira MR, Kote-Jarai Z, Olama AAA, Benlloch S, Renner SP, Hartmann A, Hein A, Ruebner M, Lambrechts D, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Vergote I, Lambretchs S, Doherty JA, Rossing MA, Nickels S, Eilber U, Wang-Gohrke S, Odunsi K, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Friel G, Lurie G, Killeen JL, Wilkens LR, Goodman MT, Runnebaum I, Hillemanns PA, Pelttari LM, Butzow R, Modugno F, Edwards RP, Ness RB, Moysich KB, du Bois A, Heitz F, Harter P, Kommoss S, Karlan BY, Walsh C, Lester J, Jensen A, Kjaer SK, Høgdall E, Peissel B, Bonanni B, Bernard L, Goode EL, Fridley BL, Vierkant RA, Cunningham JM, Larson MC, Fogarty ZC, Kalli KR, Liang D, Lu KH, Hildebrandt MAT, Wu X, Levine DA, Dao F, Bisogna M, Berchuck A, Iversen ES, Marks JR, Akushevich L, Cramer DW, Schildkraut J, Terry KL, Poole EM, Stampfer M, Tworoger SS, Bandera EV, Orlow I, Olson SH, Bjorge L, Salvesen HB, van Altena AM, Aben KKH, Kiemeney LA, Massuger LFAG, Pejovic T, Bean Y, Brooks-Wilson A, Kelemen LE, Cook LS, Le ND, Górski B, Gronwald J, Menkiszak J, Høgdall CK, Lundvall L, Nedergaard L, Engelholm SA, Dicks E, Tyrer J, Campbell I, McNeish I, Paul J, Siddiqui N, Glasspool R, Whittemore AS, Rothstein JH, McGuire V, Sieh W, Cai H, Shu XO, Teten RT, Sutphen R, McLaughlin JR, Narod SA, Phelan CM, Monteiro AN, Fenstermacher D, Lin HY, Permuth JB, Sellers TA, Chen YA, Tsai YY, Chen Z, Gentry-Maharaj A, Gayther SA, Ramus SJ, Menon U, Wu AH, Pearce CL, Van Den Berg D, Pike MC, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Plisiecka-Halasa J, Moes-Sosnowska J, Kupryjanczyk J, Pharoah PD, Song H, Winship I, Chenevix-Trench G, Giles GG, Tavtigian SV, Easton DF, Milne RL. PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM rare variants and cancer risk: data from COGS. J Med Genet 2016; 53:800-811. [PMID: 27595995 PMCID: PMC5200636 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rarity of mutations in PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM make it difficult to estimate precisely associated cancer risks. Population-based family studies have provided evidence that at least some of these mutations are associated with breast cancer risk as high as those associated with rare BRCA2 mutations. We aimed to estimate the relative risks associated with specific rare variants in PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM via a multicentre case-control study. METHODS We genotyped 10 rare mutations using the custom iCOGS array: PALB2 c.1592delT, c.2816T>G and c.3113G>A, CHEK2 c.349A>G, c.538C>T, c.715G>A, c.1036C>T, c.1312G>T, and c.1343T>G and ATM c.7271T>G. We assessed associations with breast cancer risk (42 671 cases and 42 164 controls), as well as prostate (22 301 cases and 22 320 controls) and ovarian (14 542 cases and 23 491 controls) cancer risk, for each variant. RESULTS For European women, strong evidence of association with breast cancer risk was observed for PALB2 c.1592delT OR 3.44 (95% CI 1.39 to 8.52, p=7.1×10-5), PALB2 c.3113G>A OR 4.21 (95% CI 1.84 to 9.60, p=6.9×10-8) and ATM c.7271T>G OR 11.0 (95% CI 1.42 to 85.7, p=0.0012). We also found evidence of association with breast cancer risk for three variants in CHEK2, c.349A>G OR 2.26 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.95), c.1036C>T OR 5.06 (95% CI 1.09 to 23.5) and c.538C>T OR 1.33 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.67) (p≤0.017). Evidence for prostate cancer risk was observed for CHEK2 c.1343T>G OR 3.03 (95% CI 1.53 to 6.03, p=0.0006) for African men and CHEK2 c.1312G>T OR 2.21 (95% CI 1.06 to 4.63, p=0.030) for European men. No evidence of association with ovarian cancer was found for any of these variants. CONCLUSIONS This report adds to accumulating evidence that at least some variants in these genes are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer that is clinically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Nordlab Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Nordlab Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Fergus Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, and the Department of Clinical Genetics, East Anglian Regional Genetics Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital
| | - William D Foulkes
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Human Genetics and Oncology, Lady Davis Institute, and Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathleen Bm Claes
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jorge Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhi Ling Teo
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Catucci
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Helen Tsimiklis
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fabrice A Odefrey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James G Dowty
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans B Hogervorst
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Senno Verhoef
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jane Carpenter
- Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank, University of Sydney at the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, NSW, Australia
| | - Christine Clarke
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, Newcastle and University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter A Fasching
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- Unit of Biostatistics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Peto
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Division of Cancer Studies, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Headington, OX3 7LE
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Science, NUIGalway, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Science, NUIGalway, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Federik Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rongxi Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Sanchez
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Stig Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - M Pilar Zamora
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Susan Neuhausen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hiltrud Brauch
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University, Bochum (IPA), Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Taru A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - kConFab Investigators
- Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Els Wauters
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Smeets
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Seibold
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry and Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vernon S Pankratz
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), University of Oslo (UiO), Norway
| | - Grethe Grenaker Alnæs
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irene Andrulis
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia A Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Saila Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton (UoS), Southampton UK
| | - Sajjad Rafiq
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton (UoS), Southampton UK
| | - William J Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton (UoS), Southampton UK
| | - Sue M Gerty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton (UoS), Southampton UK
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madeleine Tilanus-Linthorst
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Jingmei Li
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Judith S Brand
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Malcolm W R Reed
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Thomas Rüdiger
- Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alan Ashworth
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nick Orr
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rosario Alonso
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Álvarez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Herrero
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel C Tessier
- Centre d'innovation Genome Quebec et University McGill Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Jacques Simard
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec Research Center. Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martine Dumont
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec Research Center. Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Penny Soucy
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec Research Center. Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | | | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, and Tyks Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Maren Weischer
- Department of Human Genetics University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Neal
- Surgical Oncology (Uro-Oncology: S4), University of Cambridge, Box 279, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- Professor of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Old Road Campus Research Building (off Roosevelt Drive), University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SR
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William J Blot
- International Epidemiology Institute, 1455 Research Blvd., Suite 550, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Stephen Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Schaid
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph L Kelley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christiane Maier
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 45 Francis Street- ASB II-3, Boston, MA 02115
- Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Katja Butterbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jong Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center and Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University - Sofia, 2 Zdrave St, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and Schools of Life Science and Public Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal and Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan P Renner
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, German
| | - Alexander Hein
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Sandrina Lambretchs
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hannover, NH, USA
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stefan Nickels
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Eilber
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Grace Friel
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Galina Lurie
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Killeen
- Department of Pathology, Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96826, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ingo Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter A Hillemanns
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence Pittsburgh PA USA
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and Womens Cancer Research Program, Magee-Womens Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roberta B Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/ Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/ Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/ Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/ Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/ Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/ Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Stefan Kommoss
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Tuebingen University Hospital, Department of Women's Health, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christine Walsh
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Krüger Kjaer
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Bernard
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milan, Italy and Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Robert A Vierkant
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Melissa C Larson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zachary C Fogarty
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kimberly R Kalli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michelle A T Hildebrandt
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fanny Dao
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edwin S Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Marks
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lucy Akushevich
- Cancer Prevention, Detection & Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joellen Schildkraut
- Cancer Prevention, Detection & Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Line Bjorge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Horpital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Horpital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne M van Altena
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Gynaecology, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katja K H Aben
- Radboud university medical centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrcs & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud university medical centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leon F A G Massuger
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Gynaecology, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Yukie Bean
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Linda E Kelemen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA
| | - Linda S Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nhu D Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bohdan Górski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Janusz Menkiszak
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Claus K Høgdall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Lundvall
- Gyn Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Nedergaard
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ed Dicks
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne
| | - Iain McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - James Paul
- The Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0YN
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary
| | | | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel T Teten
- Epidemiology Center, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rebecca Sutphen
- Epidemiology Center, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine M Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alvaro N Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David Fenstermacher
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Y Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ya-Yu Tsai
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Celeste L Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Plisiecka-Halasa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Moes-Sosnowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paul Dp Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ingrid Winship
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne Health, Australia
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | | | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Doug F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
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Lee M, Mulligan AM, Bull S, Pinnaduwage D, Andrulis I. Abstract A18: Investigating the differential expressions of miRNAs and programmed-death-ligand-1 related to the T-bet positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in axillary-node-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.tme16-a18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Axillary lymph node-negative (ANN) breast cancer (BC) patients generally have a good prognosis; however, 20-30% of ANN patients will experience recurrence. To identify biomarkers that distinguish ANN patients who may benefit from systemic therapy we have been studying characteristics of the breast tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. We have found that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) that express T-bet (T-box transcription factor) are associated with poor prognosis features such as high grade, hormone receptor negativity and basal subtype. Despite these adverse clinical-pathologic characteristics, T-bet+ TILs cells are associated with a favorable outcome. T-bet is essential for Th1 development and IFN-γ production. To investigate how T-bet+ TILs influence the BC suppression, we are examining molecular differences in T-bet+/high and T-bet-/low tumors including expression of tumor miRNA expression profiles and expression of Programmed-Death-Ligand-1 (PD-L1). Tumors expressing PD-L1 inhibit Programmed-Death-receptor-1-(PD-1)-expressing TILs and evade immune surveillance. Interestingly, PD-L1 is induced by IFNγ, the hallmark cytokine of the T-bet+ TILs, which suggests a potential relationship between the tumor PD-L1 and T-bet+ TILs. Microdissected, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of 35 T-bet+/high and 35 T-bet-/low ANN BC tumors are being used to identify the differentially-expressed miRNAs via miRNA sequencing. The sufficiency of the FFPE samples as the miRNA source was confirmed by quantifying miRNA expressions in the 3-5 paired frozen and FFPE samples, and observing the expressions to be highly correlated with both qPCR (r=0.81) and miRNA sequencing (rs=0.73). After identifying the differentially-expressed miRNAs via miRNA sequencing, these miRNAs will be validated via qPCR in both the original and independent BC tumor set. Based on the genes and molecular pathways the validated miRNA(s) may regulate, appropriate in vitro functional assays will be conducted to examine their roles in cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, PD-L1 mRNA expression has been evaluated in 107 ANN tumors and correlations with clinico-pathological characteristics will be determined. Identifying the tumor miRNA(s) associated with T-bet+ TILs and studying their functions may indicate differences between T-bet+/high and T-bet-/low tumors that can be used to improve the prognosis of ANN BC. Characterizing the tumor PD-L1 expression based on T-bet+ TILs and the clinical data may distinguish a subset of ANN BC patients who may benefit from the PD-L1 blockade therapy.
Citation Format: Minji Lee, Anna-Marie Mulligan, Shelley Bull, Dushanti Pinnaduwage, Irene Andrulis. Investigating the differential expressions of miRNAs and programmed-death-ligand-1 related to the T-bet positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in axillary-node-negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression; 2016 Jan 7–10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(15 Suppl):Abstract nr A18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Lee
- 1Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada,
| | | | - Shelley Bull
- 1Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada,
| | | | - Irene Andrulis
- 1Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada,
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Scannell Bryan M, Kibirya MG, Andrulis I, Chang-Claude J, Ahsan H, Pierce B. Abstract 2787: Exon sequencing of candidate genes for early onset ER negative breast cancer risk reveals novel gene-level associations. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: To test whether genes located in GWAS-identified regions contain exonic variants that show novel gene-level associations with early-onset ER negative breast cancer risk.
Background: Only a small portion of the expected genetic contribution to breast cancer risk has been identified by examining the effect of common variants using single-variant analyses. In contrast to single-variant analyses, sequencing studies combined with gene-based tests evaluate the collective effect of all variants in a gene. In regions identified as associated with disease in GWAS, sequencing combined with gene-based tests can potentially provide evidence whether exonic variation contributes to disease risk independently of the common variants already. However, these studies have not yet been widely implemented in breast cancer research.
Methods: We selected 19 genes in 11 genomic regions in which previous GWA studies found associations between common variants and breast cancer. We sequenced the exons of each of these genes in 210 cases (women diagnosed with breast cancer before age 45 who did not carry a known BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 mutation and whose tumors were ER-), and 169 age-matched controls. We analyzed these exons using the variance-based SKAT-O test to determine if exonic variation in any of these 19 genes was associated with risk of developing breast cancer. To examine whether any association was driven by the known GWAS variant, we repeated the analysis, controlling for the common variant that single-variant association tests indicated was most strongly associated with breast cancer. To examine whether the association was driven by putative “functional” variants, we also repeated both analyses, including only non-synonymous variants that alter the amino acid sequence.
Results: Exonic variants in three genes were collectively associated with breast cancer risk in our population of early-onset cases: ZMIZ1 (p = 2.07•10-4), FGF3 (p = 1.30•10-3), and ANKLE1 (p = 2.80•10-5). In all of these three genes, the associations persisted or even strengthened after adjusting for the top variant identified by GWAS in the region (ZMIZ1 p = 2.41•10-5; FGF3 p = 1.41•10-3; ANKLE1 p = 7.63•10-6). Functional variants in these three genes (restricted only to non-synonomous variants) also were collectively associated with risk (ZMIZ1 p = 2.65•10-5; FGF3 p = 4.52•10-5; ANKLE1 p = 6.52•10-5). These associations are similar after adjusting for the strongest single variant association identified by GWAS in the region (ZMIZ1 p = 5.10•10-4; FGF3 p = 7.74•10-5; ANKLE1 p = 9.42•10-5).
Conclusions: Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the exons of genomic regions identified through GWAS contain additional variants that contribute to ER- breast cancer risk. These results, that need to be independently validated in a larger study, contribute to our understanding of the genetic determinants that influence the risk of ER- early onset breast cancer.
Citation Format: Molly Scannell Bryan, Muhammad G. Kibirya, Irene Andrulis, Jenny Chang-Claude, Habibul Ahsan, Brandon Pierce. Exon sequencing of candidate genes for early onset ER negative breast cancer risk reveals novel gene-level associations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2787. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2787
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Bradbury AR, Patrick-Miller L, Egleston B, Schwartz L, Sands CB, Chung W, Glendon G, Tuchman L, Moore C, Rauch P, Andrulis I, Buys S, Frost CJ, John EM, Keegan T, Knight J, Terry MB, Daly M. Abstract P6-10-17: Psychosocial adjustment, cancer worry and perceived risk in 6-13 year old girls from breast cancer families. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs14-p6-10-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Many parents discuss familial and genetic risk of breast cancer (BC) with offspring. What girls know and perceive of BC risk and its psychosocial impact is unknown.
Methods: In the multisite LEGACY Girls Study, 6-13 YO daughters and their parents/guardians from BC families (FH+) and families without BC (FH-) were recruited to examine early determinants of, and responses to BC risk. Parents/guardians completed surveys reporting on their daughters’ psychosocial adjustment (PSA). Mothers and daughters 10-13 YO completed surveys reporting their PSA and perceptions of breast cancer risk. We used linear and logistic regressions with variable selection.
Results: 731 parents/guardians reported on their own and the PSA of 898 daughters (450 FH+, 448 FH-), and 447 girls (10-13 YO) completed surveys (227 FH+, 220 FH-). FH+ girls have lower somatization and internalizing behaviors by parent/guardian report than FH- girls (Table 1). Intrusive BC (IBC) worry, and avoidant BC (ABC) worry were significantly higher in FH+ girls. IBC worry (coef=0.8, p=0.04) and ABC worry (coef 1.8, p=0.007) were higher in daughters whose mother had BC. Daughter perceived stress (PS), anxiety, depression, somatization, and internalizing did not differ by mother BC history. In multivariable models, daughter-anxiety was associated with mother-anxiety (Coef 1.4, p<0.0001) and BRCA+ family (coef -13.5, p=0.040). Daughter-depression was associated with mother-anxiety (coef 1.0, p=0.009). Daughter-IBC worry was associated with mother-IBC worry (coef 0.2, p<0.001). Daughter-ABC worry was associated with mother-IBC worry (coef 0.2, p=0.002) and being FH+ (coef 1.3, p=0.02). Daughter-PS was associated with mother-depression (coef 0.2, p=0.003). Somatization was not associated with any variables in multivariable models. FH+ girls were more likely to report themselves at higher risk for BC, although many reported uncertainty about their own BC risk.
Table 1Daughter Psychosocial AdjustmentFH+ Mean(SD)FH-Mean(SD)By parent/guardian reportn=437n=431Anxiety46.7 (30.3)49.1 (29.1)Depression51.2 (27.2)52.8 (27.3)Somatization43.9 (30.7)**50.3 (30.7)**Internalizing46.1 (29.6)*50.8 (29.1)*Daughter reportedn=228n=222Anxiety40.2 (28.5)42.4 (29.5)Depression32.4 (26.2)32.4 (27.7)Somatization36.5 (25.5)44.0 (27.7)Internalizing33.1 (25.5)34.0 (26.7)IBC Worry2.0 (3.4)**1.2 (2.4)**ABC Worry3.8 (5.8)**2.0 (4.3)**Perceived Stress4.8 (2.8)4.6 (2.8)Daughter Perceived BC Riskn=219n=209Higher risk for BC than peers85 (39%)**27 (13%)**Same risk as peers57 (26%)54 (26%)Lower risk than peers19 (9%)35 (17%)Responded 'not sure'58 (26)93 (45)* p<0.05, ** p<0.01
Conclusions: Pre-adolescent girls from BC families have lower somatization and internalizing behaviors by parent report, but higher self-reported BC worry. Daughter general anxiety, depression and BC worry are associated with corresponding mother affect. Some girls from BC families are aware of their increased risk and related research suggests this may increase with age. Understanding how PSA and BC worry changes over time and the impact on health and risk behaviors can inform interventions to optimize responses to growing up in families at familial and genetic risk for breast cancer.
Citation Format: Angela R Bradbury, Linda Patrick-Miller, Brian Egleston, Lisa Schwartz, Colleen B Sands, Wendy Chung, Gord Glendon, Lisa Tuchman, Cindy Moore, Paula Rauch, Irene Andrulis, Saundra Buys, Caren J Frost, Esther M John, Theresa Keegan, Julia Knight, Mary Beth Terry, Mary Daly. Psychosocial adjustment, cancer worry and perceived risk in 6-13 year old girls from breast cancer families [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-10-17.
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Kornhauser N, Terry MB, Vahdat LT, Andrulis I, Buys S, Daly M, John E, Hopper JL, Cigler T. Abstract P3-08-04: Aspirin and breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs14-p3-08-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background : Although epidemiologic studies have found evidence that aspirin use may be inversely associated with breast cancer (BC) risk, little is known about whether this applies to BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.
Methods : We compared aspirin use in 613 women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations from the six centers of the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR) who were recruited at baseline and completed a questionnaire at 10 year follow-up. We defined cases as carriers with BC (n = 215 with BRCA1 mutations and 137 with BRCA2 mutations) and controls as carriers unaffected with BC (n = 141 with BRCA1 mutations and 120 with BRCA2 mutations). We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals separately by gene mutation type.
Results : Three cases (1.4%) and 27 controls (19.1%) among the BRCA1 carriers and 3 cases (2.2%) and 25 controls (20.8%) among the BRCA2 carriers reported ever use of aspirin-based medications before diagnosis. Aspirin use before diagnosis was inversely associated with BC risk for both BRCA1 (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04-0.46 for ever vs. never use) and BRCA2 (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03-0.41 for ever vs. never use) carriers, after adjusting for age and center for BRCA1 carriers and age for BRCA2 carriers.
Conclusion : If replicated by larger, prospective studies, aspirin use could become an inexpensive and acceptable risk-reducing measure for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.
Citation Format: Naomi Kornhauser, Mary Beth Terry, Linda T Vahdat, Irene Andrulis, Saundra Buys, Mary Daly, Esther John, John L Hopper, Tessa Cigler. Aspirin and breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-08-04.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Saundra Buys
- 4Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center
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15
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Rebbeck TR, Mitra N, Wan F, Sinilnikova OM, Healey S, McGuffog L, Mazoyer S, Chenevix-Trench G, Easton DF, Antoniou AC, Nathanson KL, Laitman Y, Kushnir A, Paluch-Shimon S, Berger R, Zidan J, Friedman E, Ehrencrona H, Stenmark-Askmalm M, Einbeigi Z, Loman N, Harbst K, Rantala J, Melin B, Huo D, Olopade OI, Seldon J, Ganz PA, Nussbaum RL, Chan SB, Odunsi K, Gayther SA, Domchek SM, Arun BK, Lu KH, Mitchell G, Karlan BY, Walsh C, Lester J, Godwin AK, Pathak H, Ross E, Daly MB, Whittemore AS, John EM, Miron A, Terry MB, Chung WK, Goldgar DE, Buys SS, Janavicius R, Tihomirova L, Tung N, Dorfling CM, van Rensburg EJ, Steele L, Neuhausen SL, Ding YC, Ejlertsen B, Gerdes AM, Hansen TVO, Ramón y Cajal T, Osorio A, Benitez J, Godino J, Tejada MI, Duran M, Weitzel JN, Bobolis KA, Sand SR, Fontaine A, Savarese A, Pasini B, Peissel B, Bonanni B, Zaffaroni D, Vignolo-Lutati F, Scuvera G, Giannini G, Bernard L, Genuardi M, Radice P, Dolcetti R, Manoukian S, Pensotti V, Gismondi V, Yannoukakos D, Fostira F, Garber J, Torres D, Rashid MU, Hamann U, Peock S, Frost D, Platte R, Evans DG, Eeles R, Davidson R, Eccles D, Cole T, Cook J, Brewer C, Hodgson S, Morrison PJ, Walker L, Porteous ME, Kennedy MJ, Izatt L, Adlard J, Donaldson A, Ellis S, Sharma P, Schmutzler RK, Wappenschmidt B, Becker A, Rhiem K, Hahnen E, Engel C, Meindl A, Engert S, Ditsch N, Arnold N, Plendl HJ, Mundhenke C, Niederacher D, Fleisch M, Sutter C, Bartram CR, Dikow N, Wang-Gohrke S, Gadzicki D, Steinemann D, Kast K, Beer M, Varon-Mateeva R, Gehrig A, Weber BH, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Sinilnikova OM, Mazoyer S, Houdayer C, Belotti M, Gauthier-Villars M, Damiola F, Boutry-Kryza N, Lasset C, Sobol H, Peyrat JP, Muller D, Fricker JP, Collonge-Rame MA, Mortemousque I, Nogues C, Rouleau E, Isaacs C, De Paepe A, Poppe B, Claes K, De Leeneer K, Piedmonte M, Rodriguez G, Wakely K, Boggess J, Blank SV, Basil J, Azodi M, Phillips KA, Caldes T, de la Hoya M, Romero A, Nevanlinna H, Aittomäki K, van der Hout AH, Hogervorst FBL, Verhoef S, Collée JM, Seynaeve C, Oosterwijk JC, Gille JJP, Wijnen JT, Gómez Garcia EB, Kets CM, Ausems MGEM, Aalfs CM, Devilee P, Mensenkamp AR, Kwong A, Olah E, Papp J, Diez O, Lazaro C, Darder E, Blanco I, Salinas M, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Gronwald J, Jaworska-Bieniek K, Durda K, Sukiennicki G, Huzarski T, Byrski T, Cybulski C, Toloczko-Grabarek A, Złowocka-Perłowska E, Menkiszak J, Arason A, Barkardottir RB, Simard J, Laframboise R, Montagna M, Agata S, Alducci E, Peixoto A, Teixeira MR, Spurdle AB, Lee MH, Park SK, Kim SW, Friebel TM, Couch FJ, Lindor NM, Pankratz VS, Guidugli L, Wang X, Tischkowitz M, Foretova L, Vijai J, Offit K, Robson M, Rau-Murthy R, Kauff N, Fink-Retter A, Singer CF, Rappaport C, Gschwantler-Kaulich D, Pfeiler G, Tea MK, Berger A, Greene MH, Mai PL, Imyanitov EN, Toland AE, Senter L, Bojesen A, Pedersen IS, Skytte AB, Sunde L, Thomassen M, Moeller ST, Kruse TA, Jensen UB, Caligo MA, Aretini P, Teo SH, Selkirk CG, Hulick PJ, Andrulis I. Association of type and location of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations with risk of breast and ovarian cancer. JAMA 2015; 313:1347-61. [PMID: 25849179 PMCID: PMC4537700 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.5985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Limited information about the relationship between specific mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) and cancer risk exists. OBJECTIVE To identify mutation-specific cancer risks for carriers of BRCA1/2. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Observational study of women who were ascertained between 1937 and 2011 (median, 1999) and found to carry disease-associated BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. The international sample comprised 19,581 carriers of BRCA1 mutations and 11,900 carriers of BRCA2 mutations from 55 centers in 33 countries on 6 continents. We estimated hazard ratios for breast and ovarian cancer based on mutation type, function, and nucleotide position. We also estimated RHR, the ratio of breast vs ovarian cancer hazard ratios. A value of RHR greater than 1 indicated elevated breast cancer risk; a value of RHR less than 1 indicated elevated ovarian cancer risk. EXPOSURES Mutations of BRCA1 or BRCA2. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Breast and ovarian cancer risks. RESULTS Among BRCA1 mutation carriers, 9052 women (46%) were diagnosed with breast cancer, 2317 (12%) with ovarian cancer, 1041 (5%) with breast and ovarian cancer, and 7171 (37%) without cancer. Among BRCA2 mutation carriers, 6180 women (52%) were diagnosed with breast cancer, 682 (6%) with ovarian cancer, 272 (2%) with breast and ovarian cancer, and 4766 (40%) without cancer. In BRCA1, we identified 3 breast cancer cluster regions (BCCRs) located at c.179 to c.505 (BCCR1; RHR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.22-1.74; P = 2 × 10(-6)), c.4328 to c.4945 (BCCR2; RHR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01-1.78; P = .04), and c. 5261 to c.5563 (BCCR2', RHR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.22-1.55; P = 6 × 10(-9)). We also identified an ovarian cancer cluster region (OCCR) from c.1380 to c.4062 (approximately exon 11) with RHR = 0.62 (95% CI, 0.56-0.70; P = 9 × 10(-17)). In BRCA2, we observed multiple BCCRs spanning c.1 to c.596 (BCCR1; RHR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.06-2.78; P = .03), c.772 to c.1806 (BCCR1'; RHR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.10-2.40; P = .01), and c.7394 to c.8904 (BCCR2; RHR = 2.31; 95% CI, 1.69-3.16; P = .00002). We also identified 3 OCCRs: the first (OCCR1) spanned c.3249 to c.5681 that was adjacent to c.5946delT (6174delT; RHR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.44-0.60; P = 6 × 10(-17)). The second OCCR spanned c.6645 to c.7471 (OCCR2; RHR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.41-0.80; P = .001). Mutations conferring nonsense-mediated decay were associated with differential breast or ovarian cancer risks and an earlier age of breast cancer diagnosis for both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Breast and ovarian cancer risks varied by type and location of BRCA1/2 mutations. With appropriate validation, these data may have implications for risk assessment and cancer prevention decision making for carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Rebbeck
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia2Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Nandita Mitra
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Fei Wan
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Olga M Sinilnikova
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sue Healey
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR Inserm, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia6Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | - Anya Kushnir
- Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Raanan Berger
- Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Jamal Zidan
- Oncology Institute, Rivkah Ziv Medical Center Zefat, Israel
| | | | - Hans Ehrencrona
- Department of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden12Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Stenmark-Askmalm
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Zakaria Einbeigi
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niklas Loman
- Department of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katja Harbst
- Department of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johanna Rantala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joyce Seldon
- UCLA Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- UCLA Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert L Nussbaum
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Salina B Chan
- Cancer Risk Program, Helen Diller Family Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia6Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Banu K Arun
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Karen H Lu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Gillian Mitchell
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 25Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christine Walsh
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Harsh Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Eric Ross
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Cancer Risk Program, Helen Diller Family Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont
| | | | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Hematology, Oncology, and Transfusion Medicine Center, Department of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Innovative Medicine Center, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Linda Steele
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Departments of Oncology or Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Departments of Oncology or Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas v O Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ana Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), and Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group and Genotyping Unit, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), and Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Godino
- Hospital clinico Universitario "Lozano Blesa," Instituto de investigación sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Tejada
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory (Department of Genetics), Cruces University Hospital Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Duran
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics. Universidad de Valladolid (IBGM-UVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jeffrey N Weitzel
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte, California
| | - Kristie A Bobolis
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte, California
| | - Sharon R Sand
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte, California
| | - Annette Fontaine
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte, California
| | - Antonella Savarese
- Unit of Genetic Counselling, Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Pasini
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, and AO Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Zaffaroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulietta Scuvera
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Loris Bernard
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy57Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Genuardi
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Catholic University, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy60IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Cancer Bioimmunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCSCRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Pensotti
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy60IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Gismondi
- Unit of Hereditary Cancer, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Judy Garber
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diana Torres
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia65Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Muhammad Usman Rashid
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany 66Department of Basic Sciences, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH & RC), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susan Peock
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Radka Platte
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemarie Davidson
- Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Eccles
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Cole
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie Cook
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Carole Brewer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Shirley Hodgson
- Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Morrison
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Walker
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mary E Porteous
- South East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M John Kennedy
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Eire
| | - Louise Izatt
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Guy's Hospital London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Adlard
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Donaldson
- South West Regional Genetics Service, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Ellis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Rita Katharina Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Becker
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rhiem
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division of Tumor Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Engert
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division of Tumor Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division of Tumor Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans Jörg Plendl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Mundhenke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Niederacher
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Fleisch
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Sutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C R Bartram
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicola Dikow
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dorothea Gadzicki
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Doris Steinemann
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karin Kast
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marit Beer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Gehrig
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard H Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France98Institut Curie, INSERM U830, Paris, France99Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Olga M Sinilnikova
- Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France101INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claude Houdayer
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France99Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Muriel Belotti
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France
| | | | - Francesca Damiola
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nadia Boutry-Kryza
- Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Christine Lasset
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5558, Lyon, France103Unité de Prévention et d'Epidémiologie Génétique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Hagay Sobol
- Département Oncologie Génétique, Prévention et Dépistage, INSERM CIC-P9502, Institut Paoli-Calmettes/Université d'Aix-Marseille II, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Peyrat
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire Humaine, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Danièle Muller
- Unité d'Oncogénétique, CLCC Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Marie-Agnès Collonge-Rame
- Service de Génétique Biologique-Histologie-Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | | | - Catherine Nogues
- Oncogénétique Clinique, Hôpital René Huguenin/Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Etienne Rouleau
- Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique, Hôpital René Huguenin/Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruce Poppe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Claes
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim De Leeneer
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jack Basil
- Ohio State, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati
| | - Masoud Azodi
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 25Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Trinidad Caldes
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Atocha Romero
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annemarie H van der Hout
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center, Groningen University, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Senno Verhoef
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center, Groningen University, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes J P Gille
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juul T Wijnen
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Encarna B Gómez Garcia
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien M Kets
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet G E M Ausems
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cora M Aalfs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen R Mensenkamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ava Kwong
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong135Cancer Genetics Center, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong136Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos Papp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain139University Hospital of Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxi Lazaro
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Darder
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBGI-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Salinas
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska-Bieniek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland144Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sukiennicki
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Byrski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Janusz Menkiszak
- Department of Surgical Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adalgeir Arason
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland147BMC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rosa B Barkardottir
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland147BMC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jacques Simard
- Canada Research Chair in Oncogenetics, Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada149Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel Laframboise
- Medical Genetics Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada151Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Simona Agata
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Alducci
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Ana Peixoto
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal153Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Min Hyuk Lee
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daerim St Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tara M Friebel
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota159Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vernon S Pankratz
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lucia Guidugli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada161Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and MF MU, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Clinical Genetics Service, Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Rohini Rau-Murthy
- Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Noah Kauff
- Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anneliese Fink-Retter
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Rappaport
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Georg Pfeiler
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Muy-Kheng Tea
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Berger
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Phuong L Mai
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Divison of Human Cancer Genetics, Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Leigha Senter
- Divison of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Anders Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Inge Sokilde Pedersen
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Lone Sunde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | | | - Torben A Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Maria Adelaide Caligo
- Section of Genetic Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Aretini
- Section of Genetic Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia176Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Christina G Selkirk
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Department of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Peter J Hulick
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Department of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Irene Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Candido-dos-Reis FJ, Song H, Goode EL, Cunningham JM, Fridley BL, Larson MC, Alsop K, Dicks E, Harrington P, Ramus SJ, de Fazio A, Mitchell G, Fereday S, Bolton KL, Gourley C, Michie C, Karlan B, Lester J, Walsh C, Cass I, Olsson H, Gore M, Benitez JJ, Garcia MJ, Andrulis I, Mulligan AM, Glendon G, Blanco I, Lazaro C, Whittemore AS, McGuire V, Sieh W, Montagna M, Alducci E, Sadetzki S, Chetrit A, Kwong A, Kjaer SK, Jensen A, Høgdall E, Neuhausen S, Nussbaum R, Daly M, Greene MH, Mai PL, Loud JT, Moysich K, Toland AE, Lambrechts D, Ellis S, Frost D, Brenton JD, Tischkowitz M, Easton DF, Antoniou A, Chenevix-Trench G, Gayther SA, Bowtell D, Pharoah PDP. Germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and ten-year survival for women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015. [PMID: 25398451 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2497] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the effect of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 on mortality in patients with ovarian cancer up to 10 years after diagnosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used unpublished survival time data for 2,242 patients from two case-control studies and extended survival time data for 4,314 patients from previously reported studies. All participants had been screened for deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Survival time was analyzed for the combined data using Cox proportional hazard models with BRCA1 and BRCA2 as time-varying covariates. Competing risks were analyzed using Fine and Gray model. RESULTS The combined 10-year overall survival rate was 30% [95% confidence interval (CI), 28%-31%] for non-carriers, 25% (95% CI, 22%-28%) for BRCA1 carriers, and 35% (95% CI, 30%-41%) for BRCA2 carriers. The HR for BRCA1 was 0.53 at time zero and increased over time becoming greater than one at 4.8 years. For BRCA2, the HR was 0.42 at time zero and increased over time (predicted to become greater than 1 at 10.5 years). The results were similar when restricted to 3,202 patients with high-grade serous tumors and to ovarian cancer-specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS BRCA1/2 mutations are associated with better short-term survival, but this advantage decreases over time and in BRCA1 carriers is eventually reversed. This may have important implications for therapy of both primary and relapsed disease and for analysis of long-term survival in clinical trials of new agents, particularly those that are effective in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Candido-dos-Reis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Honglin Song
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Kathryn Alsop
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ed Dicks
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Harrington
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna de Fazio
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre and Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Gillian Mitchell
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sian Fereday
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly L Bolton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Charlie Gourley
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, MRC IGMM, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Michie
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Beth Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christine Walsh
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ilana Cass
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Departments of Cancer Epidemiology and Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Gore
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Javier J Benitez
- Human Genetics Group and Human Genotyping Unit Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Garcia
- Human Genetics Group and Human Genotyping Unit Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital; Departments of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxi Lazaro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Alducci
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Siegal Sadetzki
- Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Angela Chetrit
- Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ava Kwong
- The Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Cancer Genetics Center, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Robert Nussbaum
- University of California San Francisco, Cancer Risk Program, San Francisco, California
| | - Mary Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark H Greene
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Phuong L Mai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jennifer T Loud
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kirsten Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Steve Ellis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James D Brenton
- Departments of Oncology and Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. CR-UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antonis Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Bowtell
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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17
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Candido-dos-Reis FJ, Song H, Goode EL, Cunningham JM, Fridley BL, Larson MC, Alsop K, Dicks E, Harrington P, Ramus SJ, de Fazio A, Mitchell G, Fereday S, Bolton KL, Gourley C, Michie C, Karlan B, Lester J, Walsh C, Cass I, Olsson H, Gore M, Benitez JJ, Garcia MJ, Andrulis I, Mulligan AM, Glendon G, Blanco I, Lazaro C, Whittemore AS, McGuire V, Sieh W, Montagna M, Alducci E, Sadetzki S, Chetrit A, Kwong A, Kjaer SK, Jensen A, Høgdall E, Neuhausen S, Nussbaum R, Daly M, Greene MH, Mai PL, Loud JT, Moysich K, Toland AE, Lambrechts D, Ellis S, Frost D, Brenton JD, Tischkowitz M, Easton DF, Antoniou A, Chenevix-Trench G, Gayther SA, Bowtell D, Pharoah PDP. Germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and ten-year survival for women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:652-7. [PMID: 25398451 PMCID: PMC4338615 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the effect of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 on mortality in patients with ovarian cancer up to 10 years after diagnosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used unpublished survival time data for 2,242 patients from two case-control studies and extended survival time data for 4,314 patients from previously reported studies. All participants had been screened for deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Survival time was analyzed for the combined data using Cox proportional hazard models with BRCA1 and BRCA2 as time-varying covariates. Competing risks were analyzed using Fine and Gray model. RESULTS The combined 10-year overall survival rate was 30% [95% confidence interval (CI), 28%-31%] for non-carriers, 25% (95% CI, 22%-28%) for BRCA1 carriers, and 35% (95% CI, 30%-41%) for BRCA2 carriers. The HR for BRCA1 was 0.53 at time zero and increased over time becoming greater than one at 4.8 years. For BRCA2, the HR was 0.42 at time zero and increased over time (predicted to become greater than 1 at 10.5 years). The results were similar when restricted to 3,202 patients with high-grade serous tumors and to ovarian cancer-specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS BRCA1/2 mutations are associated with better short-term survival, but this advantage decreases over time and in BRCA1 carriers is eventually reversed. This may have important implications for therapy of both primary and relapsed disease and for analysis of long-term survival in clinical trials of new agents, particularly those that are effective in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Candido-dos-Reis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Honglin Song
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Kathryn Alsop
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ed Dicks
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Harrington
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna de Fazio
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre and Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Gillian Mitchell
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sian Fereday
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly L Bolton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Charlie Gourley
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, MRC IGMM, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Michie
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Beth Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christine Walsh
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ilana Cass
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Departments of Cancer Epidemiology and Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Gore
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Javier J Benitez
- Human Genetics Group and Human Genotyping Unit Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Garcia
- Human Genetics Group and Human Genotyping Unit Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital; Departments of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxi Lazaro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Alducci
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Siegal Sadetzki
- Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Angela Chetrit
- Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ava Kwong
- The Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Cancer Genetics Center, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Robert Nussbaum
- University of California San Francisco, Cancer Risk Program, San Francisco, California
| | - Mary Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark H Greene
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Phuong L Mai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jennifer T Loud
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kirsten Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Steve Ellis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James D Brenton
- Departments of Oncology and Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. CR-UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antonis Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Bowtell
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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18
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Ahsan H, Halpern J, Kibriya MG, Pierce BL, Tong L, Gamazon E, McGuire V, Felberg A, Shi J, Jasmine F, Roy S, Brutus R, Argos M, Melkonian S, Chang-Claude J, Andrulis I, Hopper JL, John EM, Malone K, Ursin G, Gammon MD, Thomas DC, Seminara D, Casey G, Knight JA, Southey MC, Giles GG, Santella RM, Lee E, Conti D, Duggan D, Gallinger S, Haile R, Jenkins M, Lindor NM, Newcomb P, Michailidou K, Apicella C, Park DJ, Peto J, Fletcher O, Silva IDS, Lathrop M, Hunter DJ, Chanock SJ, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Müller-Myhsok B, Lochmann M, Beckmann L, Hein R, Makalic E, Schmidt DF, Bui QM, Stone J, Flesch-Janys D, Dahmen N, Nevanlinna H, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Hall P, Czene K, Irwanto A, Liu J, Rahman N, Turnbull C, Dunning AM, Pharoah P, Waisfisz Q, Meijers-Heijboer H, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Nicolae D, Easton DF, Cox NJ, Whittemore AS. A genome-wide association study of early-onset breast cancer identifies PFKM as a novel breast cancer gene and supports a common genetic spectrum for breast cancer at any age. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:658-69. [PMID: 24493630 PMCID: PMC3990360 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-onset breast cancer (EOBC) causes substantial loss of life and productivity, creating a major burden among women worldwide. We analyzed 1,265,548 Hapmap3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) among a discovery set of 3,523 EOBC incident cases and 2,702 population control women ages ≤ 51 years. The SNPs with smallest P values were examined in a replication set of 3,470 EOBC cases and 5,475 control women. We also tested EOBC association with 19,684 genes by annotating each gene with putative functional SNPs, and then combining their P values to obtain a gene-based P value. We examined the gene with smallest P value for replication in 1,145 breast cancer cases and 1,142 control women. The combined discovery and replication sets identified 72 new SNPs associated with EOBC (P < 4 × 10(-8)) located in six genomic regions previously reported to contain SNPs associated largely with later-onset breast cancer (LOBC). SNP rs2229882 and 10 other SNPs on chromosome 5q11.2 remained associated (P < 6 × 10(-4)) after adjustment for the strongest published SNPs in the region. Thirty-two of the 82 currently known LOBC SNPs were associated with EOBC (P < 0.05). Low power is likely responsible for the remaining 50 unassociated known LOBC SNPs. The gene-based analysis identified an association between breast cancer and the phosphofructokinase-muscle (PFKM) gene on chromosome 12q13.11 that met the genome-wide gene-based threshold of 2.5 × 10(-6). In conclusion, EOBC and LOBC seem to have similar genetic etiologies; the 5q11.2 region may contain multiple distinct breast cancer loci; and the PFKM gene region is worthy of further investigation. These findings should enhance our understanding of the etiology of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibul Ahsan
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Jerry Halpern
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Muhammad G Kibriya
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Brandon L Pierce
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Lin Tong
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Eric Gamazon
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Anna Felberg
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, MD
| | - Farzana Jasmine
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Shantanu Roy
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Rachelle Brutus
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Maria Argos
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Stephanie Melkonian
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irene Andrulis
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Ontario
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Kathi Malone
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Duncan C Thomas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - Daniela Seminara
- Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, MD
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - Julia A Knight
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Ontario
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - David Duggan
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Steve Gallinger
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Haile
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - Mark Jenkins
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Polly Newcomb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel J Park
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julian Peto
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Isabel dos Santos Silva
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Centre National de Genotypage, Evry, France
- Fondation Jean Dausset – CEPH, Paris, France
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division for Gynaecological Tumor-Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Molecular Gynaeco-Oncology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Magdalena Lochmann
- Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division for Gynaecological Tumor-Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Lars Beckmann
- Foundation for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care IQWIG, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- PMV Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel F Schmidt
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Quang Minh Bui
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per Hall
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Nazneen Rahman
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dan Nicolae
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, CA
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Osorio A, Milne RL, Kuchenbaecker K, Vaclová T, Pita G, Alonso R, Peterlongo P, Blanco I, de la Hoya M, Duran M, Díez O, Ramón y Cajal T, Konstantopoulou I, Martínez-Bouzas C, Andrés Conejero R, Soucy P, McGuffog L, Barrowdale D, Lee A, Arver B, Rantala J, Loman N, Ehrencrona H, Olopade OI, Beattie MS, Domchek SM, Nathanson K, Rebbeck TR, Arun BK, Karlan BY, Walsh C, Lester J, John EM, Whittemore AS, Daly MB, Southey M, Hopper J, Terry MB, Buys SS, Janavicius R, Dorfling CM, van Rensburg EJ, Steele L, Neuhausen SL, Ding YC, Hansen TVO, Jønson L, Ejlertsen B, Gerdes AM, Infante M, Herráez B, Moreno LT, Weitzel JN, Herzog J, Weeman K, Manoukian S, Peissel B, Zaffaroni D, Scuvera G, Bonanni B, Mariette F, Volorio S, Viel A, Varesco L, Papi L, Ottini L, Tibiletti MG, Radice P, Yannoukakos D, Garber J, Ellis S, Frost D, Platte R, Fineberg E, Evans G, Lalloo F, Izatt L, Eeles R, Adlard J, Davidson R, Cole T, Eccles D, Cook J, Hodgson S, Brewer C, Tischkowitz M, Douglas F, Porteous M, Side L, Walker L, Morrison P, Donaldson A, Kennedy J, Foo C, Godwin AK, Schmutzler RK, Wappenschmidt B, Rhiem K, Engel C, Meindl A, Ditsch N, Arnold N, Plendl HJ, Niederacher D, Sutter C, Wang-Gohrke S, Steinemann D, Preisler-Adams S, Kast K, Varon-Mateeva R, Gehrig A, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Sinilnikova OM, Mazoyer S, Damiola F, Poppe B, Claes K, Piedmonte M, Tucker K, Backes F, Rodríguez G, Brewster W, Wakeley K, Rutherford T, Caldés T, Nevanlinna H, Aittomäki K, Rookus MA, van Os TAM, van der Kolk L, de Lange JL, Meijers-Heijboer HEJ, van der Hout AH, van Asperen CJ, Gómez Garcia EB, Hoogerbrugge N, Collée JM, van Deurzen CHM, van der Luijt RB, Devilee P, Olah E, Lázaro C, Teulé A, Menéndez M, Jakubowska A, Cybulski C, Gronwald J, Lubinski J, Durda K, Jaworska-Bieniek K, Johannsson OT, Maugard C, Montagna M, Tognazzo S, Teixeira MR, Healey S, Olswold C, Guidugli L, Lindor N, Slager S, Szabo CI, Vijai J, Robson M, Kauff N, Zhang L, Rau-Murthy R, Fink-Retter A, Singer CF, Rappaport C, Geschwantler Kaulich D, Pfeiler G, Tea MK, Berger A, Phelan CM, Greene MH, Mai PL, Lejbkowicz F, Andrulis I, Mulligan AM, Glendon G, Toland AE, Bojesen A, Pedersen IS, Sunde L, Thomassen M, Kruse TA, Jensen UB, Friedman E, Laitman Y, Shimon SP, Simard J, Easton DF, Offit K, Couch FJ, Chenevix-Trench G, Antoniou AC, Benitez J. DNA glycosylases involved in base excision repair may be associated with cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004256. [PMID: 24698998 PMCID: PMC3974638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the DNA Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway could be associated with cancer risk in carriers of mutations in the high-penetrance susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, given the relation of synthetic lethality that exists between one of the components of the BER pathway, PARP1 (poly ADP ribose polymerase), and both BRCA1 and BRCA2. In the present study, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of 18 genes involved in BER using a tagging SNP approach in a large series of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. 144 SNPs were analyzed in a two stage study involving 23,463 carriers from the CIMBA consortium (the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2). Eleven SNPs showed evidence of association with breast and/or ovarian cancer at p<0.05 in the combined analysis. Four of the five genes for which strongest evidence of association was observed were DNA glycosylases. The strongest evidence was for rs1466785 in the NEIL2 (endonuclease VIII-like 2) gene (HR: 1.09, 95% CI (1.03-1.16), p = 2.7 × 10(-3)) for association with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers, and rs2304277 in the OGG1 (8-guanine DNA glycosylase) gene, with ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR: 1.12 95%CI: 1.03-1.21, p = 4.8 × 10(-3)). DNA glycosylases involved in the first steps of the BER pathway may be associated with cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and should be more comprehensively studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karoline Kuchenbaecker
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tereza Vaclová
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Genotyping Unit (CeGen), Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Alonso
- Genotyping Unit (CeGen), Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Duran
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Universidad de Valladolid (IBGM-UVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Orland Díez
- Oncogenetics Laboratory, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Cristina Martínez-Bouzas
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory (Department of Biochemistry), Cruces Hospital Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Raquel Andrés Conejero
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Clínico Lozano Blesa, San Juan Bosco, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Penny Soucy
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Lee
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - SWE-BRCA
- Department of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Brita Arver
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Rantala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Loman
- Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Ehrencrona
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olufunmilayo I. Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mary S. Beattie
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Domchek
- Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katherine Nathanson
- Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Rebbeck
- Abramson Cancer Center and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Banu K. Arun
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Beth Y. Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Christine Walsh
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Esther M. John
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America
| | - Alice S. Whittemore
- Department of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Mary B. Daly
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Melissa Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - John Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary B. Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Saundra S. Buys
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Hematology, oncology and transfusion medicine center, Department of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Linda Steele
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas v. O. Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Jønson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mar Infante
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Universidad de Valladolid (IBGM-UVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Belén Herráez
- Genotyping Unit (CeGen), Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jeffrey N. Weitzel
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Josef Herzog
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Kisa Weeman
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Zaffaroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Giulietta Scuvera
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Frederique Mariette
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare and Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Volorio
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare and Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Viel
- Division of Experimental Oncology 1, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Liliana Varesco
- Unit of Hereditary Cancer, Department of Epidemiology, Prevention and Special Functions, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Papi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular bases of genetic risk and genetic testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Judy Garber
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steve Ellis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Radka Platte
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Fineberg
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Evans
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Lalloo
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Izatt
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Guy's Hospital London, United Kingdom
| | - Ros Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Adlard
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemarie Davidson
- Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Cole
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Eccles
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie Cook
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Shirley Hodgson
- Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carole Brewer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, East Anglian Regional Genetics Service, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Douglas
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Porteous
- South East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Side
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Walker
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Morrison
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Donaldson
- South West Regional Genetics Service, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - John Kennedy
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Eire
| | - Claire Foo
- Cheshire & Merseyside Clinical Genetics Service, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Rita Katharina Schmutzler
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer and Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer and Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rhiem
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer and Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division of Tumor Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division of Tumor Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans Jörg Plendl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Niederacher
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Sutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Doris Steinemann
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Karin Kast
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Gehrig
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, INSERM U830, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Olga M. Sinilnikova
- Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon – Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Francesca Damiola
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bruce Poppe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Claes
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marion Piedmonte
- Gynecologic Oncology Group Statistical and Data Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Floor Backes
- Ohio State University, Columbus Cancer Council, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Rodríguez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wendy Brewster
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Katie Wakeley
- For Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas Rutherford
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti A. Rookus
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo A. M. van Os
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lizet van der Kolk
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. L. de Lange
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - A. H. van der Hout
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christi J. van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Encarna B. Gómez Garcia
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoline Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien H. M. van Deurzen
- Department of Pathology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B. van der Luijt
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics & Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - HEBON
- The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Teulé
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Menéndez
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska-Bieniek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oskar Th. Johannsson
- Department of Oncology, Landspitali University Hospital and BMC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Christine Maugard
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique et Service d'Onco-hématologie, Hopitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, CHRU Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Tognazzo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, and Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sue Healey
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - KConFab Investigators
- Kathleen Cuningham Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Curtis Olswold
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lucia Guidugli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Noralane Lindor
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Csilla I. Szabo
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Noah Kauff
- Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Liying Zhang
- Diagnostic Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rohini Rau-Murthy
- Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anneliese Fink-Retter
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian F. Singer
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Rappaport
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Georg Pfeiler
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Muy-Kheng Tea
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Berger
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catherine M. Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mark H. Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Phuong L. Mai
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Irene Andrulis
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Cancer Care Ontario, Departments of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network: Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anders Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Inge Sokilde Pedersen
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lone Sunde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben A. Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Jacques Simard
- Canada Research Chair in Oncogenetics, Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Antonis C. Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Genotyping Unit (CeGen), Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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20
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Schoeps A, Rudolph A, Seibold P, Dunning AM, Milne RL, Bojesen SE, Swerdlow A, Andrulis I, Brenner H, Behrens S, Orr N, Jones M, Ashworth A, Li J, Cramp H, Connley D, Czene K, Darabi H, Chanock SJ, Lissowska J, Figueroa JD, Knight J, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Dumont M, Severi G, Baglietto L, Olson J, Vachon C, Purrington K, Moisse M, Neven P, Wildiers H, Spurdle A, Kosma VM, Kataja V, Hartikainen JM, Hamann U, Ko YD, Dieffenbach AK, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Malats N, Arias Perez J, Benítez J, Flyger H, Nordestgaard BG, Truong T, Cordina-Duverger E, Menegaux F, Silva IDS, Fletcher O, Johnson N, Häberle L, Beckmann MW, Ekici AB, Braaf L, Atsma F, van den Broek AJ, Makalic E, Schmidt DF, Southey MC, Cox A, Simard J, Giles GG, Lambrechts D, Mannermaa A, Brauch H, Guénel P, Peto J, Fasching PA, Hopper J, Flesch-Janys D, Couch F, Chenevix-Trench G, Pharoah PDP, Garcia-Closas M, Schmidt MK, Hall P, Easton DF, Chang-Claude J. Identification of new genetic susceptibility loci for breast cancer through consideration of gene-environment interactions. Genet Epidemiol 2014; 38:84-93. [PMID: 24248812 PMCID: PMC3995140 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Genes that alter disease risk only in combination with certain environmental exposures may not be detected in genetic association analysis. By using methods accounting for gene-environment (G × E) interaction, we aimed to identify novel genetic loci associated with breast cancer risk. Up to 34,475 cases and 34,786 controls of European ancestry from up to 23 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium were included. Overall, 71,527 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), enriched for association with breast cancer, were tested for interaction with 10 environmental risk factors using three recently proposed hybrid methods and a joint test of association and interaction. Analyses were adjusted for age, study, population stratification, and confounding factors as applicable. Three SNPs in two independent loci showed statistically significant association: SNPs rs10483028 and rs2242714 in perfect linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 21 and rs12197388 in ARID1B on chromosome 6. While rs12197388 was identified using the joint test with parity and with age at menarche (P-values = 3 × 10(-07)), the variants on chromosome 21 q22.12, which showed interaction with adult body mass index (BMI) in 8,891 postmenopausal women, were identified by all methods applied. SNP rs10483028 was associated with breast cancer in women with a BMI below 25 kg/m(2) (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.15-1.38) but not in women with a BMI of 30 kg/m(2) or higher (OR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.72-1.11, P for interaction = 3.2 × 10(-05)). Our findings confirm comparable power of the recent methods for detecting G × E interaction and the utility of using G × E interaction analyses to identify new susceptibility loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schoeps
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research
Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg,
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research
Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Seibold
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research
Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
United Kingdom
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National
Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital,
Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital,
Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Department of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of
Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Andrulis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum
Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research,
German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research
Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicholas Orr
- Department of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer
Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Jones
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital,
Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of
Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of
Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Helen Cramp
- Department of Oncology, Institute for Cancer Studies,
University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Connley
- Department of Oncology, Institute for Cancer Studies,
University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National
Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M.
Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw,
Poland
| | - Jonine D. Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National
Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julia Knight
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai
Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Toronto,
Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Toronto,
Canada
| | - Anna M. Mulligan
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network,
Toronto, Canada
| | - Martine Dumont
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier
Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec,
Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Quebec, Canada
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria,
Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria,
Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and
Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Janet Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic,
Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic,
Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kristen Purrington
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic,
Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Flanders,
Belgium
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of
Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- Department of Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer, University
Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer, University
Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amanda Spurdle
- Department of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Queensland
Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane Australia
| | | | - Vesa Kataja
- Pathology Department, University of Kuopio, Kuopio,
Finland
| | | | - Ute Hamann
- Division of Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken
Bonn GmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aida K. Dieffenbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research,
German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research,
German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National
Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - JoséI. Arias Perez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades,
Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Benítez
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Reserach
Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen
University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital,
Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital,
Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Théresè Truong
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018,
University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical
Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018,
Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Emilie Cordina-Duverger
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018,
University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical
Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018,
Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018,
University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical
Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018,
Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabel dos Santos Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology,
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of
Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of
Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lothar Häberle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University
Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen,
Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University
Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen,
Germany
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Linde Braaf
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer
Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology,
Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Atsma
- Department of Donor Studies, Sanquin Nijmegen, Nijmegen,
The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra J. van den Broek
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology,
Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Enes Makalic
- Department of Analytic Epidemiology, University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel F. Schmidt
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and
Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology, Institute for Cancer Studies,
University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jacques Simard
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier
Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec,
Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Quebec, Canada
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria,
Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and
Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Flanders,
Belgium
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of
Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Kuopio
University Hospital, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical
Pharamcology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018,
University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical
Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018,
Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology,
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University
Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen,
Germany
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine,
University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - John Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and
Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer
Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology,
University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fergus Couch
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Queensland
Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane Australia
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Department of Oncology and Public Health and Primary
Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Breakthrough
Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United
Kingdom
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer
Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology,
Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Correspondence to: Jenny Chang-Claude, Department
of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer
Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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21
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Wong P, Hui A, Su J, Xu W, Catton C, Wunder J, Andrulis I, Dickson B, Bell R, Liu F. A Potential Prognostic MicroRNA Signature for Distant Metastasis in Soft-tissue Sarcomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Brewster BL, Rossiello F, French JD, Edwards SL, Wong M, Wronski A, Whiley P, Waddell N, Chen X, Bove B, Hopper JL, John EM, Andrulis I, Daly M, Volorio S, Bernard L, Peissel B, Manoukian S, Barile M, Pizzamiglio S, Verderio P, Spurdle AB, Radice P, Godwin AK, Southey MC, Brown MA, Peterlongo P. Identification of fifteen novel germline variants in the BRCA1 3'UTR reveals a variant in a breast cancer case that introduces a functional miR-103 target site. Hum Mutat 2012; 33:1665-75. [PMID: 22753153 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the BRCA1 gene confer a substantial increase in breast cancer risk, yet routine clinical genetic screening is limited to the coding regions and intron-exon boundaries, precluding the identification of mutations in noncoding and untranslated regions (UTR). As 3'UTR mutations can influence cancer susceptibility by altering protein and microRNA (miRNA) binding regions, we screened the BRCA1 3'UTR for mutations in a large series of BRCA-mutation negative, population and clinic-based breast cancer cases, and controls. Fifteen novel BRCA1 3'UTR variants were identified, the majority of which were unique to either cases or controls. Using luciferase reporter assays, three variants found in cases, c.* 528G>C, c.* 718A>G, and c.* 1271T>C and four found in controls, c.* 309T>C, c.* 379G>A, c.* 823C>T, and c.* 264C>T, reduced 3'UTR activity (P < 0.02), whereas two variants found in cases, c.* 291C>T and c.* 1139G>T, increased 3'UTR activity (P < 0.01). Three case variants, c.* 718A>G, c.* 800T>C, and c.* 1340_1342delTGT, were predicted to create new miRNA binding sites and c.* 1340_1342delTGT caused a reduction (25%, P = 0.0007) in 3'UTR reporter activity when coexpressed with the predicted targeting miRNA, miR-103. This is the most comprehensive identification and analysis of BRCA1 3'UTR variants published to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L Brewster
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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23
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Porat RM, Pasic I, Shlien A, Gokgoz N, Andrulis I, Wunder JS, Malkin D. Abstract 1447: Investigating susceptibility to sporadic osteosarcoma by genome-wide copy number analysis. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Constitutional copy-number variants (CNVs) frequently overlap genomic regions that contain genes associated with cancer. In addition, copy number alterations (CNAs) in tumors often coincide with sites of CNVs and may arise through progression of CNVs. Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common human bone malignancy, can arise in familial or sporadic forms. While germline mutations of tumor suppressor genes have been implicated in a minority of OS cases, little is known about genetic changes that contribute to the etiology of sporadic OS. Using high-resolution SNP/CNV arrays, we observed a higher global germline CNV frequency in patients with sporadic OS compared to healthy controls. Given the early age of onset and the extensive constitutional CNVs, we hypothesize that these genomic alterations are linked to susceptibility to OS. Here we investigate whether specific constitutional CNVs are related to susceptibility to sporadic OS and whether OS tumor CNAs arise via progression of constitutional CNVs in these patients. Blood derived DNA samples from patients with sporadic OS with wild-type germline p53 sequence and gene dosage were selected for analysis on Affymetrix GW6.0 arrays with paired pre-therapy tumor biopsies. Initial results from a discovery set of samples (n=43 pairs) reveal a copy number loss at 1q43, in a region that overlaps several genes that have a role in bone formation, microtubules and cytoskeletal organization. This loss was present in 43% of the blood-derived DNA samples and 44% of the tumor-derived samples, whereas this variant was noted in only 1.2% of controls. Furthermore, the germline 1q43 deletion correlates with poor survival of the OS patients (p=0.04, Long Rank). Analysis of an independent validation set (n=32 pairs) is currently underway to confirm the initial finding and further characterize specific constitutional CNVs among sporadic OS patients. The findings of this study will open new avenues for the discovery of novel loci implicated in susceptibility to OS with potential for improved diagnostic and prognostic options as well as further insight into disease pathogenesis.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1447. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1447
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Pasic
- 2University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adan Shlien
- 2University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - David Malkin
- 1The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Figueroa JD, Garcia-Closas M, Humphreys M, Platte R, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Apicella C, Hammet F, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Tollenaar RAEM, Van't Veer LJ, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Ekici AB, Strick R, Peto J, dos Santos Silva I, Fletcher O, Johnson N, Sawyer E, Tomlinson I, Kerin M, Burwinkel B, Marme F, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Bojesen S, Flyger H, Nordestgaard BG, Benítez J, Milne RL, Ignacio Arias J, Zamora MP, Brenner H, Müller H, Arndt V, Rahman N, Turnbull C, Seal S, Renwick A, Brauch H, Justenhoven C, Brüning T, Chang-Claude J, Hein R, Wang-Gohrke S, Dörk T, Schürmann P, Bremer M, Hillemanns P, Nevanlinna H, Heikkinen T, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Bogdanova N, Antonenkova N, Rogov YI, Karstens JH, Bermisheva M, Prokofieva D, Gantcev SH, Khusnutdinova E, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Chenevix-Trench G, Beesley J, Chen X, Mannermaa A, Kosma VM, Soini Y, Kataja V, Lambrechts D, Yesilyurt BT, Chrisiaens MR, Peeters S, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Manoukian S, Barile M, Couch F, Lee AM, Diasio R, Wang X, Giles GG, Severi G, Baglietto L, Maclean C, Offit K, Robson M, Joseph V, Gaudet M, John EM, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Grip M, Andrulis I, Knight JA, Mulligan AM, O'Malley FP, Brinton LA, Sherman ME, Lissowska J, Chanock SJ, Hooning M, Martens JWM, van den Ouweland AMW, Collée JM, Hall P, Czene K, Cox A, Brock IW, Reed MWR, Cross SS, Pharoah P, Dunning AM, Kang D, Yoo KY, Noh DY, Ahn SH, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Jaworska K, Durda K, Sangrajrang S, Gaborieau V, Brennan P, McKay J, Shen CY, Ding SL, Hsu HM, Yu JC, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Ashworth A, Swerdlow A, Jones M, Orr N, Trentham-Dietz A, Egan K, Newcomb P, Titus-Ernstoff L, Easton D, Spurdle AB. Associations of common variants at 1p11.2 and 14q24.1 (RAD51L1) with breast cancer risk and heterogeneity by tumor subtype: findings from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:4693-706. [PMID: 21852249 PMCID: PMC3209823 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 1p11.2 and 14q24.1 (RAD51L1) as breast cancer susceptibility loci. The initial GWAS suggested stronger effects for both loci for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors. Using data from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), we sought to determine whether risks differ by ER, progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), grade, node status, tumor size, and ductal or lobular morphology. We genotyped rs11249433 at 1p.11.2, and two highly correlated SNPs rs999737 and rs10483813 (r(2)= 0.98) at 14q24.1 (RAD51L1), for up to 46 036 invasive breast cancer cases and 46 930 controls from 39 studies. Analyses by tumor characteristics focused on subjects reporting to be white women of European ancestry and were based on 25 458 cases, of which 87% had ER data. The SNP at 1p11.2 showed significantly stronger associations with ER-positive tumors [per-allele odds ratio (OR) for ER-positive tumors was 1.13, 95% CI = 1.10-1.16 and, for ER-negative tumors, OR was 1.03, 95% CI = 0.98-1.07, case-only P-heterogeneity = 7.6 × 10(-5)]. The association with ER-positive tumors was stronger for tumors of lower grade (case-only P= 6.7 × 10(-3)) and lobular histology (case-only P= 0.01). SNPs at 14q24.1 were associated with risk for most tumor subtypes evaluated, including triple-negative breast cancers, which has not been described previously. Our results underscore the need for large pooling efforts with tumor pathology data to help refine risk estimates for SNP associations with susceptibility to different subtypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonine D Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Goldgar DE, Healey S, Dowty JG, Da Silva L, Chen X, Spurdle AB, Terry MB, Daly MJ, Buys SM, Southey MC, Andrulis I, John EM, Khanna KK, Hopper JL, Oefner PJ, Lakhani S, Chenevix-Trench G. Rare variants in the ATM gene and risk of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R73. [PMID: 21787400 PMCID: PMC3236337 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene (MIM ID 208900) encodes a protein kinase that plays a significant role in the activation of cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks through subsequent phosphorylation of central players in the DNA damage-response pathway. Recent studies have confirmed that some specific variants in the ATM gene are associated with increased breast cancer (BC) risk. However, the magnitude of risk and the subset of variants that are pathogenic for breast cancer remain unresolved. Methods To investigate the role of ATM in BC susceptibility, we studied 76 rare sequence variants in the ATM gene in a case-control family study of 2,570 cases of breast cancer and 1,448 controls. The variants were grouped into three categories based on their likely pathogenicity, as determined by in silico analysis and analyzed by conditional logistic regression. Likely pathogenic sequence variants were genotyped in 129 family members of 27 carrier probands (15 of which carried c.7271T > G), and modified segregation analysis was used to estimate the BC penetrance associated with these rare ATM variants. Results In the case-control analysis, we observed an odds ratio of 2.55 and 95% confidence interval (CI, 0.54 to 12.0) for the most likely deleterious variants. In the family-based analyses, the maximum-likelihood estimate of the increased risk associated with these variants was hazard ratio (HR) = 6.88 (95% CI, 2.33 to 20.3; P = 0.00008), corresponding to a 60% cumulative risk of BC by age 80 years. Analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 18 breast tumors from women carrying likely pathogenic rare sequence variants revealed no consistent pattern of loss of the ATM variant. Conclusions The risk estimates from this study suggest that women carrying the pathogenic variant, ATM c.7271T > G, or truncating mutations demonstrate a significantly increased risk of breast cancer with a penetrance that appears similar to that conferred by germline mutations in BRCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 N. 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-2101, USA
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Porat RM, Pasic I, Shlien A, Golgoz N, Andrulis I, Wunder JS, Malkin D. Abstract 5334: Genome-wide copy number analysis reveals two novel loci for susceptibility to sporadic osteosarcoma. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-5334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Copy-number variants (CNVs) frequently overlap genomic regions that contain genes associated with cancer. In addition, copy number alterations (CNAs) often coincide with sites of CNVs and may arise through progression of CNVs. Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common human bone malignancy, can arise in familial or sporadic forms. While germline mutations of tumor suppressor genes have been implicated in some hereditary forms of OS, little is known about genetic changes that contribute to the etiology of sporadic OS. Using high-resolutation SNP/CNV arrays, we have observed a high global CNV frequency in patients with sporadic osteosarcoma. We hypothesized that these genomic alterations are linked to susceptibility to OS. Here we investigate whether CNAs in OS tumor DNA reflect extensive constitutional CNVs in OS patients and whether OS tumor CNAs arise by progression of constitutional CNVs in these patients.
Paired samples from blood and pre-therapy tumor biopsies of 44 OS patients were hybridized to Affymetrix GW 6.0 arrays and analyzed using Partek Genomics Suite and Nexus Copy Number™ software. Analysis focused on CNVs which fulfilled the following criteria: 1) absent from normal controls, 2) recurrent, 3) previously unreported, 4) mapped within or nearby known genes and 5) overlapped with paired tumour CNA. Regions identified in this analysis were validated as candidate regions by quantitative PCR.
Two candidate CNVs have been identified: a copy-number loss at 1q43 and a copy-number gain at 2p11.2. The copy number loss at 1q43 was present in DNA of 43% of the blood and 40% of tumor samples. 38% of the 1q43 deletions in the tumors were de novo events. This CNV is upstream of the centrosomal protein 170kDa gene (CEP170) which has been shown to maintain microtubule organization and cell morphology. As microtubule function is critical for proper chromosome segregation during cell division, copy-number change-driven dysregulation of CEP170 might be related to the characteristic genomic instability in OS. We are currently exploring this possibility via expression profiling. The copy-number gain at 2p11.2 was identified in 45% of the OS blood derived DNA and in 65% of those, the gain was also seen in matched tumor DNA. This CNV is in proximity to FLJ40330, a non-coding RNA, and to ribose 5-phosphate isomerase (RPI). A custom CGH array platform is currently being used to further characterize these loci on paired blood and tumor DNA samples from an additional cohort of OS patients.
These findings support the premise that excessive constitutional CNV is a hallmark of sporadic OS and may open new avenues for the discovery of novel specific CNVs and genes implicated in susceptibility to OS which may be of diagnostic and/or prognostic relevance.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5334. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5334
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Pasic
- 1Hospital for SickKids, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- 1Hospital for SickKids, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - David Malkin
- 1Hospital for SickKids, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Seto A, O'Malley FP, Bull SB, Andrulis I. Abstract 3940: Identifying novel susceptibility genes in genomic aberrant regions in early-onset breast cancer. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Several genes have been implicated in hereditary breast cancer, but account for a fraction of all hereditary cases. We hypothesize that other genes are involved in susceptibility and progression of breast cancer and will be represented as chromosomal losses and gains that can be detected in tumors from breast cancer patients who are at high risk of carrying mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes other than BRCA1 and BRCA2.
We have focused on women with personal (diagnosis < 40 years) and family (at least one affected sister) histories of breast cancer and are not carriers of mutations in known cancer susceptibility genes. Blocks of formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue from early age of onset breast cancer patients have been retrieved from the Ontario site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Each case is reviewed by a pathologist and tumor material is selected for micro-dissection. We have been using Illumina's high resolution genomic single nucleotide polymophism (SNP) microarrays to identify and characterize changes in germline and tumor DNA from women with early-onset breast cancer. By using SNPs to determine DNA copy numbers of the tumor and germline DNA from each case, we will differentiate changes in the genomes that are specific to the tumors.
I have modified and optimized the protocols for which DNA is extracted and prepared from microdissected FFPE tumor cases prior to hybridization onto microarrays which improves the SNP call rate of FFPE. In a comparison of SNP microarray copy number analysis in cases for which we have archival and matching fresh frozen tumor DNAs, 80% deleted and amplified regions delineated in FFPE samples were detected in the matching fresh frozen reference. These results lead us to be confident that FFPE treated tumor tissues used in our study are a viable resource of for which novel genes involved in breast cancer can be discovered.
On SNP microarrays, we have so far evaluated 25 early-onset cases for which both tumor and germline DNA have been hybridized. Recurrent regions of aberration include gains in 6p21.1 and 8q24 in 24% of cases and losses in 11q22.3 and 9q21.13 in 44% and 24% of cases, respectively. Interesting, our initial analysis shows gains in CCND1 and CCND3 in 14% and 24% of cases, implicating cell cycle regulation genes as frequently aberrant in copy number.
With access to the germline DNA, normal variation can be accounted for, while regions of LOH can be found in the tumors. Validated recurrently amplified and deleted regions in tumor samples containing candidate genes, onco- and tumor suppressing genes will be further studied for their role in breast cancer through functional analysis. This study is very likely to have significance, not only for our understanding of hereditary breast cancer, but also for the more common non-hereditary form of breast cancer.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3940. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3940
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Seto
- 1Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francis P. O'Malley
- 2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelley B. Bull
- 3Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene Andrulis
- 1Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Wu HC, John EM, Ferris JS, Keegan TH, Chung WK, Andrulis I, Delgado-Cruzata L, Kappil M, Gonzalez K, Santella RM, Terry MB. Global DNA methylation levels in girls with and without a family history of breast cancer. Epigenetics 2011; 6:29-33. [PMID: 20930546 DOI: 10.4161/epi.6.1.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower levels of global DNA methylation in white blood cell (WBC) DNA have been associated with adult cancers. It is unknown whether individuals with a family history of cancer also have lower levels of global DNA methylation early in life. We examined global DNA methylation in WBC (measured in three repetitive elements, LINE1, Sat2 and Alu, by MethyLight and in LINE1 by pyrosequencing) in 51 girls ages 6-17. Compared to girls without a family history of breast cancer, methylation levels were lower for all assays in girls with a family history of breast cancer, and statistically significantly lower for Alu and LINE1 pyrosequencing. After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), and Tanner stage, only methylation in Alu was associated with family history of breast cancer. If these findings are replicated in larger studies, they suggest that lower levels of global WBC DNA methylation observed later in life in adults with cancer may also be present early in life in children with a family history of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Bordeleau L, Richter S, O'Malley F, Pinnaduwage D, Collins L, Mulligan AM, Youngson B, Glendon G, Leong W, Lipa J, McCready D, Andrulis I. Abstract P2-11-01: Molecular Profiling Identifies Differentially Expressed Genes between Normal Breast Tissue from BRCA Carriers and Women at Population Risk. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p2-11-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Women found to carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation are at significant risk of future breast cancer (BC). Prophylactic mastectomy (PM) remains the most effective risk reducing strategy in that setting. Thus far, there are no data available identifying changes in gene expression profiles prior to the onset of BC in these women using microarray technology.
Material and methods : In this pilot study, we prospectively collected PM specimens from BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (n=21), and reduction mammoplasty (RM) specimens from healthy controls at population risk of breast cancer (n=13). Samples were collected from all 4 quadrants (fresh frozen) and careful histological examination was conducted. Selected samples (most dense parenchymal tissue) were sent for microarray analyses (19K chip, http://www.uhnres.utoronto.ca/facilities/index.htm). We compared the molecular profiles of breast tissue obtained from these two groups using two approaches: 1) microarray analysis for a global assessment of gene expression, and 2) gene set analysis to identify differences based on cellular function and biologic themes. Results: Women in each group were of similar age (p=NS). No invasive cancer was identified. In histologically normal breast tissue, class comparison identified differential gene expression between RM and PM tissues. Gene set analysis of five collections including MSigDB C2, C4, cytobands, Stanford 5Mb chromosomal tiles and KEGG database identified 22 significant gene sets. Nine sets were overexpressed and 13 sets were underexpressed in PM tissues (FDR < 0.2; p < 0.012). We found overexpression of genes relating to proliferation and transcription specifically in the PM tissues enriched for Gene Ontology annotations. The top 200 genes ranked by SAM were also examined by pathway analysis that showed high enrichment for cancer related pathways. All three approaches implicated T cell receptor signaling and a TSG101-stathmin breast cancer related pathway as contributing to the differential molecular profiles between RM and PM tissues.
Discussion: We have shown differential expression of single genes as well as cancer related biologic pathways (using microarray and gene set analyses) between normal breast tissue from BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (at high risk of BC) and healthy controls (at population risk of BC). These differences may represent early molecular defects of genetic pathways potentially involved in the early stages of breast carcinogenesis in women at hereditary high risk or may represent the result of BRCA1/2 haploinsufficiency. These results support the hypothesis that molecular pathways leading to BC formation are unique to BRCA1/2 carriers. This information may help the development of innovative preventive strategies for BRCA carriers in the future.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-11-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bordeleau
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of California, Los Angeles; Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Richter
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of California, Los Angeles; Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - F O'Malley
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of California, Los Angeles; Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Pinnaduwage
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of California, Los Angeles; Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Collins
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of California, Los Angeles; Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - AM Mulligan
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of California, Los Angeles; Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B Youngson
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of California, Los Angeles; Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G Glendon
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of California, Los Angeles; Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W Leong
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of California, Los Angeles; Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Lipa
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of California, Los Angeles; Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D McCready
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of California, Los Angeles; Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - I. Andrulis
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of California, Los Angeles; Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Pritchard KI, O'malley F, Shepherd L, Levine MN, Tu D, Bramwell V, Andrulis I, Chia S. Response: Re: Topoisomerase II Alpha and Responsiveness of Breast Cancer to Adjuvant Chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djp403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Bild A, Sun Y, Soldi R, Conner T, Walker D, Werner T, Spira A, Andrulis I, Buys S, Johnson E. A Genomic Biomarker for Breast Cancer Development in High-Risk Women. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-4059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BackgroundFamily history is an important factor contributing to a woman's risk of breast cancer development. This increased risk reflects the participation of inherited genetic components such as breast cancer susceptibility genes. However, many of the genetic components contributing to breast cancer remain unknown, and a number of women with a family history of breast cancer never develop breast cancer despite their high-risk status, while other high-risk woman go on to develop breast cancer. Thus, it is clear that we lack crucial pieces of information to help define a person's true risk of developing breast cancer.Methods and FindingsWe hypothesize that there are many undiscovered germline variations in genes that lead to altered gene expression patterns predictive of breast cancer development in high-risk women. We have developed a genomic model capable of predicting which high-risk women, both BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and BRCAX women, will actually develop breast cancer. Specifically, we use exon-level genome-wide expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to develop a model of disease risk (n=118 samples of either control or high-risk women). From this data, we generate a biomarker consisting of genes that most correlate to cancer development in women with strong family histories of breast cancer. Using an internal independent dataset, our biomarker can predict the high-risk women who will or will not develop cancer with over 85% accuracy. Further, we have validated this model on an independent external cohort (n=36) which was obtained and processed at sites unique to our training dataset. Our genomic biomarker can accurately predict breast cancer development in high-risk women with over 78% accuracy using this external dataset. Therefore, from our analyses, we can calculate with high accuracy an individual woman's true risk of developing breast cancer. This method provides a personalized approach to hereditary breast cancer risk assessment that is not currently available. This personalized risk assessment will aide clinicians in counseling their patients regarding specific management options based on a patient's individual risk of breast cancer. Lastly, these studies have also identified novel genes associated with breast cancer risk, which may provide a basis for targeted therapies that may help modify the risk of breast cancer development in high risk patients.ConclusionsTogether, these studies deliver both a non-invasive biomarker for hereditary breast cancer risk and a characterization of genes that contribute to breast cancer development. Overall, we expect these experiments to identify the genetic changes that underlie breast cancer predisposition, and assist clinicians and patients in determining the appropriate preventative measures based on their personal risk of developing breast cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4059.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - I. Andrulis
- 5Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, ON, Canada
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Yazici H, Terry MB, Cho YH, Senie RT, Liao Y, Andrulis I, Santella RM. Aberrant methylation of RASSF1A in plasma DNA before breast cancer diagnosis in the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:2723-5. [PMID: 19755643 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to classic genetic mechanisms such as deletions and mutations, growth regulatory genes can be inactivated via methylation of cytosine-residues in their promoter regions. Hypermethylation of promoter CpG islands is now recognized as an important and early event in carcinogenesis. Detection of methylated DNA in serum or plasma has been suggested to be a marker for early cancer development. We examined methylation changes in RASSF1A, a growth regulatory gene in plasma DNA from blood collected before diagnosis from women with breast cancer and from controls. Samples were from two sets of subjects, 28 women with breast cancer and 10 of their unaffected siblings, and 33 women with breast cancer and 29 age- and ethnicity-matched population-based controls. Using methylation specific PCR, we found 11 of 61 (18%) cases were positive for methylation of RASSF1A in their plasma DNA collected before diagnosis. Two of 10 healthy high-risk sibling controls (20%) had plasma DNA positive for RASSF1A methylation in their plasma DNA compared with 0 of 29 (0%) population-based controls. Tumor tissue was available for 12 cases and all were positive for RASSF1A methylation. These results, if replicated, suggest that aberrant promoter hypermethylation in serum/plasma DNA may be common among high-risk women and may be present years before cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulya Yazici
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Goodwin P, Phillips K, West D, Ennis M, Hopper J, John EM, O'Malley F, Milne R, Andrulis I, Friedlander M, Longacre T. Prognosis in BRCA1, BRCA2 associated breast cancer (BC): a prospective Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR) international population-based cohort study. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-2072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #2072
Hereditary BC occurs at a younger age and is associated with more adverse tumor-related features than sporadic breast cancer (BC) (defined here as BC in those with no 1st or 2nd degree family history of breast or ovarian cancer). Using pre-specified criteria, we assembled a population-based cohort of newly diagnosed BC at 3 centers: Ontario, Canada (1996-98), San Francisco Bay area, USA (1995-2000), Melbourne/Sydney, Australia (1991-1998). Medical information was obtained from medical records; women were followed prospectively for recurrence, new cancers and death. Pathology data were obtained from central review or pathology reports. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation testing was performed on 77% and 70% of cases, respectively (sporadic BC cases were not tested at 2 centers). Hereditary and sporadic BC cases were compared using Cox proportional hazards (stratified by center). 3215 eligible cases were enrolled in the BCFR, with a mean age at diagnosis of 46.9 years. Median follow-up was 7.61 years; 565 women had distant recurrences and 547 died. There were 92 cases with BRCA1 and 72 with BRCA2 mutations; 1549 (48.2%) had sporadic BC; the remainder had familial BC as defined above. BRCA1 mutations were associated with young age, estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PgR) negativity and high grade; BRCA2 mutations were associated with node positivity and high grade. Distant disease-free survival (DDFS) and overall survival (OS) did not differ significantly between BRCA1 carriers and sporadic cases in univariate or multivariate analyses. DDFS and OS were worse in BRCA2 carriers than in sporadic cases (HR 1.6, p=0.04 and HR 1.8, p=0.01, respectively) in univariate analyses but not in multivariate analyses (DDFS HR 1.0, p=0.98; OS HR 1.13, p=0.61). The small group of BRCA2 carriers who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy had a significantly worse OS (multivariate HR 3.63, p = 0.005). Furthermore, BRCA2 carriers who received adjuvant tamoxifen had significantly worse OS than women with sporadic BC (HR=2.0, p=0.03). We conclude that BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations do not independently impact DDFS or OS. Significantly worse outcomes were seen in BRCA2 carrier subgroups defined by adjuvant treatment; this requires further investigation and may have implications for clinical practice.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2072.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Goodwin
- 1 Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - K Phillips
- 2 Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D West
- 3 Northern California Cancer Center, Fremont
- 4 Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
| | - M Ennis
- 5 9227 Kennedy Road, Markham, Canada
| | - J Hopper
- 6 The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - EM John
- 3 Northern California Cancer Center, Fremont
- 4 Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
| | | | - R Milne
- 8 Spanish National Cancer Research Office, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Andrulis
- 9 Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - T Longacre
- 8 Spanish National Cancer Research Office, Madrid, Spain
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O'Malley FP, Thomson T, Julian J, Have C, Cosby R, Crosby R, Gelmon K, Andrulis I, Whelan T. HER2 testing in a population-based study of patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with trastuzumab. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2008; 132:61-5. [PMID: 18181675 DOI: 10.5858/2008-132-61-htiaps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The development of trastuzumab has led to new therapeutic strategies for patients with breast cancer. Trastuzumab has been shown to only be effective in those patients whose cancers are HER2 positive by either immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). OBJECTIVE To determine the accuracy of HER2 testing in 2 provinces in Canada. DESIGN Patients with metastatic breast cancer diagnosed between 1999 and 2002 who were HER2 positive in the local laboratories were included in this study. All cases were retested centrally, by IHC (using 4 methods) and FISH. In addition, 205 locally reported HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer cases were retested centrally. RESULTS Concordance between the 505 local IHC-positive cases with central IHC testing varied between 79.3% and 89.6% depending on the IHC method and scoring method used. HER2 gene amplification by FISH was present in 86.1% of local IHC-positive cases. Concordance between the 205 local IHC-negative tumors with central testing ranged between 94.8% and 100% for IHC and was 98.5% for FISH. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that locally reported HER2-negative results were highly accurate, but less accuracy was demonstrated with local HER2-positive results. These results emphasize the need for participation in a quality assurance program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances P O'Malley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5.
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Abstract
Gene expression microarray technology has been widely used in areas such as human cancer research to identify molecular characteristics of sample specimens. The microarray study, however, is a very complicated procedure which involves numerous sources of variability that may be either systematic or random. Systematic variation is often eliminated by applying normalization procedures, but at present there are no standard criteria available to evaluate the performance of a particular normalization approach. In this paper, we propose a reliability-type coefficient as a criterion to assess the effectiveness of normalization procedures in eliminating systematic variation. Simulation studies show that this criterion performs reasonably well in a range of settings. The proposed method is illustrated using a subset of an ongoing microarray study of soft-tissue sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing He
- Prosserman Center for Health Research, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5.
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Abstract
Grading of invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type using the Nottingham combined histologic grading system provides independent prognostic information. The prognostic utility of grading invasive lobular carcinomas, however, has not been fully elucidated. In addition, the relationship between grade in invasive lobular carcinomas and expression of predictive biomarkers is less certain. The purpose of this study was to correlate histologic grade in invasive lobular carcinoma with known prognostic and predictive markers. All primary resections for invasive mammary carcinomas diagnosed in Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, between the years 1996 and 2002 were reviewed (n=1053). Of these cases, 50 were pure invasive lobular carcinoma (incidence 4.7%). The median age at diagnosis was 64 years. These tumors were graded using the Nottingham combined histologic grading system and analyzed for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2/neu and E-cadherin expression. Tumor grade was correlated with tumor size (P=0.03), and the American Joint Committee on Cancer nodal status (P=0.05). Assessment of the individual components of grade showed that the mitotic score was highly correlated with tumor size (P=0.02), lymph node positivity (P=0.02) and overall American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (P=0.01). Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor were highly expressed irrespective of the grade of tumor. HER2/neu protein overexpression and E-cadherin protein expression was absent in all invasive lobular carcinomas studied. We conclude that pure invasive lobular carcinoma is uncommon and occurs predominantly in postmenopausal women. Increasing tumor grade is correlated with median tumor size and the American Joint Committee on Cancer nodal stage, but not correlated with the expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, E-cadherin or HER2/neu protein overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita L Bane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Trudeau ME, Pritchard KI, Chapman JAW, Hanna WM, Kahn HJ, Murray D, Sawka CA, Mobbs BG, Andrulis I, McCready DR, Lickley HL. Prognostic factors affecting the natural history of node-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 89:35-45. [PMID: 15666195 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-004-1368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We undertook a natural history investigation of a broad selection of prognostic factors in a cohort of women with node-negative breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS The cohort consisted of 415 consecutive histologic node-negative (T1-3, M0) patients, operated on for primary breast cancer at Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada, between 1977 and 1986. Only 7% of these patients were given adjuvant systemic therapy; further, for the 48% of women who underwent lumpectomy, only 29% received adjuvant radiotherapy to the breast. Paraffin-embedded tumour tissue was available for the majority of patients. The following factors were examined for their univariate and multivariate effects on time to recurrence outside the breast (DFI) and survival from breast cancer (DSS): age, weight, tumour size, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, histologic type, tumour grade, nuclear grade, lymphovascular invasion, overexpression of neu oncoprotein, DNA ploidy, % cells in S-phase, and adjuvant therapy. Multivariate analyses utilized a Cox model with a step-wise factor selection for the 260 patients with complete information. RESULTS A worse prognosis was indicated when there was lymphovascular invasion (for DFI, p < 0.001; for DSS, p = 0.0046), high %S-phase (for DFI, p = 0.08; for DSS, p = 0.02), high tumour grade (for DFI, p = 0.02; for DSS, p = 0.03), and overexpression of neu oncoprotein (for DSS, p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS In our natural history investigation, two factors, lymphovascular invasion and tumour grade, are of particular interest since they may be readily incorporated into clinical practice. Overexpression of neu oncoprotein may also play a role in determining prognosis for women administered adjuvant systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen E Trudeau
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Whittemore AS, Balise RR, Pharoah PDP, Dicioccio RA, Oakley-Girvan I, Ramus SJ, Daly M, Usinowicz MB, Garlinghouse-Jones K, Ponder BAJ, Buys S, Senie R, Andrulis I, John E, Hopper JL, Piver MS. Oral contraceptive use and ovarian cancer risk among carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Br J Cancer 2005; 91:1911-5. [PMID: 15545966 PMCID: PMC2410144 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with mutations of the genes BRCA1 or BRCA2 are at increased risk of ovarian cancer. Oral contraceptives protect against ovarian cancer in general, but it is not known whether they protect against the disease in carriers of these mutations. We obtained self-reported lifetime histories of oral contraceptive use from 451 women who carried mutations of BRCA1 or BRCA2. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios associated with oral contraceptive use, comparing the histories of 147 women with ovarian cancer (cases) to those of 304 women without ovarian cancer (controls) who were matched to cases on year of birth, country of residence and gene (BRCA1 vs BRCA2). Reference ages for controls had to exceed the ages at diagnosis of their matched cases. After adjusting for parity, the odds-ratio for ovarian cancer associated with use of oral contraceptives for at least 1 year was 0.85 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.53–1.36). The risk decreased by 5% (1–9%) with each year of use (P for trend=0.01). Use for 6 or more years was associated with an odds-ratio of 0.62 (0.35–1.09). These data support the hypothesis that long-term oral contraceptive use reduces the risk of ovarian cancer among women who carry mutations of BRCA1 or BRCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, HRP Redwood Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5405, USA.
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Mueller RE, Parkes RK, Andrulis I, O'Malley FP. Amplification of the TOP2A gene does not predict high levels of topoisomerase II alpha protein in human breast tumor samples. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2004; 39:288-97. [PMID: 14978790 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have suggested that patients whose breast tumors overexpress HER2 may derive particular benefit from anthracycline-containing chemotherapy compared to that without anthracycline. It has been proposed that the HER2 gene amplification reported in these tumors might mask an underlying TOP2A gene amplification that occurs frequently and concurrently with HER2 amplification. Topoisomerase II alpha, encoded by TOP2A, is a direct molecular target of anthracycline drug action and is potentially useful as a predictive marker of response to anthracycline therapy for breast cancer. In this study, we examined whether TOP2A gene amplification is an appropriate marker for identifying breast tumors expressing high levels of topoisomerase II alpha. We determined topoisomerase II alpha protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 81 human breast tumors in relation to HER2 and TOP2A gene copy numbers analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, histologic grade, cell proliferation fraction measured by MIB-1 expression, and HER2 protein expression determined by immunohistochemistry. The results showed no correlation between TOP2A gene copy number and topoisomerase II alpha protein expression levels in breast tumors, in contrast to the analogous situation for HER2 gene amplification and HER2 immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest that TOP2A gene amplification in breast tumors does not predict high expression of topoisomerase II alpha protein.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/genetics
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/immunology
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Data Interpretation, Statistical
- Formaldehyde/metabolism
- Gene Amplification/genetics
- Gene Dosage
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Immunohistochemistry/statistics & numerical data
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Ki-67 Antigen/immunology
- Paraffin Embedding/methods
- Ploidies
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Receptor, ErbB-2/biosynthesis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Tissue Fixation/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary E Mueller
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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40
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Mancuso C, Glendon G, Anson-Cartwright L, Shi EJ, Andrulis I, Knight J. Ethnicity, but not cancer family history, is related to response to a population-based mailed questionnaire. Ann Epidemiol 2004; 14:36-43. [PMID: 14664778 DOI: 10.1016/s1047-2797(03)00073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if family history and ethnic background are factors affecting response to a mailed cancer family history questionnaire from the Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry. METHODS Individuals diagnosed with primary invasive breast carcinomas (probands) were mailed a family history questionnaire, the first contact in a multi-stage process. This questionnaire obtained cancer family history and ethnicity data. After one month, a follow up telephone call was made to those who did not return this questionnaire and attempts were made to ask similar questions by telephone interview. Characteristics of those responding to the mailed questionnaire were compared to those who responded to the telephone interview only. RESULTS 339 probands were included in this study: 242 returned a mailed version of the questionnaire; 57 completed the questionnaire over the phone. Cancer family history/genetic risk criteria was not significantly related to type of response. Probands identifying themselves as visible minorities were significantly less likely to respond to the mailed questionnaire than the telephone interview (11.6% vs. 22.8%, P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Having a family history of cancer did not appear to influence response to a mailed questionnaire, but those reporting an ethnic/racial background other than White were more likely to respond to a telephone interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mancuso
- Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry, Ontario Cancer Institute, Division of Epidemiology and Statistics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Gorlick R, Anderson P, Andrulis I, Arndt C, Beardsley GP, Bernstein M, Bridge J, Cheung NK, Dome JS, Ebb D, Gardner T, Gebhardt M, Grier H, Hansen M, Healey J, Helman L, Hock J, Houghton J, Houghton P, Huvos A, Khanna C, Kieran M, Kleinerman E, Ladanyi M, Lau C, Malkin D, Marina N, Meltzer P, Meyers P, Schofield D, Schwartz C, Smith MA, Toretsky J, Tsokos M, Wexler L, Wigginton J, Withrow S, Schoenfeldt M, Anderson B. Biology of childhood osteogenic sarcoma and potential targets for therapeutic development: meeting summary. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9:5442-53. [PMID: 14654523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Childhood osteogenic sarcoma (OS) is a rare bone cancer occurring primarily in adolescents. The North American pediatric cooperative groups have performed a series of clinical treatment trials in this disease over the past several decades, and biology studies of tumor tissue have been an important study component. A meeting was held in Bethesda, Maryland on November 29-30, 2001, sponsored by the NIH Office of Rare Diseases, the Children's Oncology Group, and the National Cancer Institute-Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program with the general objectives: (a) to review the current state of knowledge regarding OS biology; (b) to identify, prioritize, and support the development of biology studies of potential clinical relevance in OS; and (c) to discuss the available tissue resources and the appropriate methods for analysis of OS samples for the conduct of biology studies. This report summarizes the information presented and discussed by the meeting participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gorlick
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Deitel K, Dantzer D, Ferguson P, Pollak M, Beamer W, Andrulis I, Bell R. Reduced growth of human sarcoma xenografts in hosts homozygous for the lit mutation. J Surg Oncol 2002; 81:75-9. [PMID: 12355407 DOI: 10.1002/jso.10136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prior studies have shown that sarcoma growth can be stimulated by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). To extend this line of research, we carried out in vivo growth studies of primary human sarcoma in immunosuppressed control and IGF-I-deficient mice. METHODS Human sarcoma specimens (one osteosarcoma and seven soft tissue sarcomas) were harvested in the operating room and implanted in immunosuppressed mice. Second-generation sarcomas were transplanted to control (GH replete lit/+ mice) and to experimental (GH/IGF-I-deficient lit/lit) animals. When tumors reached 1,000 mm(3) in one group, average tumor size was compared in the two groups. IGF-I receptor expression was measured by RT-PCR and IGF-I receptor binding sites were assayed by radiolabeled IGF-I. RESULTS Five of eight sarcomas demonstrated reduced growth in the GH/IGF-I-deficient lit/lit animals. In four of the five sarcomas that demonstrated growth inhibition, IGF-R was elevated relative to placenta or a positive control cell line (MCF-7, which is known to be responsive to IGF-I in vitro and in vivo). In three of the five sarcomas that demonstrated growth suppression, IGF-R was elevated twofold after implantation in the experimental IGF-I-deficient animals. CONCLUSIONS The GH-IGF axis may be an important stimulator of tumor growth in sarcomas. These experiments suggest that IGF suppression may inhibit sarcoma growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Deitel
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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43
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O'Malley FP, Parkes R, Latta E, Tjan S, Zadro T, Mueller R, Arneson N, Blackstein M, Andrulis I. Comparison of HER2/neu status assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Am J Clin Pathol 2001; 115:504-11. [PMID: 11293897 DOI: 10.1309/vp4w-5c55-7m09-6tx3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We prospectively evaluated a series of 254 breast cancers by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry using 3 antibodies: HercepTest, CB11, and TAB250. DNA was extracted from a 10-micron tumor section for PCR, and 4-micron serial sections were taken from the same block for immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemical results were scored using a semiquantitative immunohistochemical system. A positive tumor by immunohistochemistry had a score of 5 or more. The manufacturer's recommended scoring system was used for the HercepTest. Tumors were positive for gene amplification if the ratio of the HER2/neu gene to control gene after normalization was 2 or more. Of 254 cases, 61 showed gene amplification. For immunohistochemistry, 23% of tumors were positive with CB11, 27% with TAB250, and 37% with the HercepTest. Results for each antibody were compared with PCR results. The overall concordance for the HercepTest was 82%, which was significantly lower than that for CB11 (88%) or TAB250 (87%). The specificity for the HercepTest was 80% compared with 90% for TAB250 and 93% for CB11, while the positive predictive value for the HercepTest was 57% compared with 71% and 76% for TAB250 and CB11, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P O'Malley
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Dept of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G1X5 Canada
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Rice JC, Ozcelik H, Maxeiner P, Andrulis I, Futscher BW. Methylation of the BRCA1 promoter is associated with decreased BRCA1 mRNA levels in clinical breast cancer specimens. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21:1761-5. [PMID: 10964110 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/21.9.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional inactivation of BRCA1 is an important mechanism involved in breast cancer pathogenesis. Mutation is often responsible for BRCA1 inactivation in familial breast cancer, but is not responsible for the decreased levels of BRCA1 seen in a subset of sporadic breast cancer patients. To determine if aberrant cytosine methylation of the BRCA1 promoter is associated with decreased BRCA1 gene expression in human breast cancer, high resolution bisulfite sequence analysis was used to analyze the cytosine methylation status of the BRCA1 promoter in 21 axillary node negative breast cancer patients with known levels of BRCA1 expression. Aberrant cytosine methylation of the BRCA1 promoter was detected in three of 21 patient specimens. These three specimens also expressed the lowest levels of BRCA1. Results from this analysis show that aberrant cytosine methylation of the BRCA1 promoter is directly correlated with decreased levels of BRCA1 expression in human breast cancer, and suggest that epigenetic silencing may be one mechanism of transcriptional inactivation of BRCA1 in sporadic mammary carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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45
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Bell RS, Wunder J, Andrulis I. Molecular alterations in bone and soft-tissue sarcoma. Can J Surg 1999; 42:259-66. [PMID: 10459325 PMCID: PMC3788994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular alterations evident in human cancer offers the potential for more meaningful diagnosis and more accurate prediction of cancer risk as well as the hope of developing novel therapies. In this review, several of the molecular abnormalities identified in both bone and soft-tissue sarcoma are outlined. Some sarcomas exhibit consistent gene translocations, which produce a unique oncoprotein that can serve as a molecular fingerprint for the sarcoma subtype. Mutations in tumour suppressor genes result in cell proliferation that is not regulated by normal cell cycle control genes. Amplification (multiple copies) of genes that act as positive controls on cell division have a similar effect on increasing cell proliferation. Finally, the understanding of drug resistance and sarcoma response to signalling systems such as IGF ligand and receptors may help in designing new therapies based on molecular changes in the cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Bell
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
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46
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Redston M, Nathanson KL, Yuan ZQ, Neuhausen SL, Satagopan J, Wong N, Yang D, Nafa D, Abrahamson J, Ozcelik H, Antin-Ozerkis D, Andrulis I, Daly M, Pinsky L, Schrag D, Gallinger S, Kaback M, King MC, Woodage T, Brody LC, Godwin A, Warner E, Weber B, Foulkes W, Offit K. The APCI1307K allele and breast cancer risk. Nat Genet 1998; 20:13-4. [PMID: 9731522 DOI: 10.1038/1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Warner E, Hedley D, Andrulis I, Myers R, Trudeau M, Warr D, Pritchard KI, Blackstein M, Goss PE, Franssen E, Roche K, Knight S, Webster S, Fraser RA, Oldfield S, Hill W, Kates R. Phase II study of dexverapamil plus anthracycline in patients with metastatic breast cancer who have progressed on the same anthracycline regimen. Clin Cancer Res 1998; 4:1451-7. [PMID: 9626462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether metastatic breast cancer that has progressed on an anthracycline-containing drug regimen will subsequently respond to that identical regimen if dexverapamil, a modulator of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance, is given concomitantly. Eligible patients received 180 mg/m2 dexverapamil every 6 h for 15 doses with the anthracycline administered 30 min after the seventh dose. Blood for dexverapamil levels was drawn before and 30 min after this dose. When possible, biopsies were obtained to measure mdr-1 expression by reverse transcription-PCR and by image cytometry. Of the 21 patients entered onto the trial, 20 were evaluable for response. There were two partial responses (10%) that both lasted for 6 months, and two additional patients had stable disease. Seven patients had asymptomatic cardiotoxicity consisting of hypotension (24%), bradycardia (5%), or prolongation of the P-R interval (14%). Two patients developed acute congestive heart failure, one on dexverapamil and one 10 days after stopping it. Dexverapamil did not seem to increase anthracycline toxicity. The median trough dexverapamil plus norverapamil level on day 3 was 1110 ng/ml (range, 186-3385 ng/ml), and the median peak level was 2164 ng/ml (range, 964-8382 ng/ml). There was poor correlation between reverse transcription-PCR and image cytometry for the level of mdr-1 expression. Because dexverapamil has been shown to affect doxorubicin pharmacokinetics subsequent to the initiation of this trial, it cannot be concluded that the responses seen were necessarily due to P-glycoprotein inhibition. Additional studies are necessary to determine whether mdr-1 modulators can reverse clinical drug resistance in breast cancer patients. The intrinsic cardiotoxicity of dexverapamil makes it less suitable for such studies than several other available agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Warner
- Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Ontario, Canada.
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de Alava E, Kawai A, Healey JH, Fligman I, Meyers PA, Huvos AG, Gerald WL, Jhanwar SC, Argani P, Antonescu CR, Pardo-Mindan FJ, Ginsberg J, Womer R, Lawlor ER, Wunder J, Andrulis I, Sorensen PH, Barr FG, Ladanyi M. EWS-FLI1 fusion transcript structure is an independent determinant of prognosis in Ewing's sarcoma. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:1248-55. [PMID: 9552022 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1998.16.4.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE More than 90% of Ewing's sarcomas (ES) contain a fusion of the EWS and FLI1 genes, due to the t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation. At the molecular level, the EWS-FLI1 rearrangements show great diversity. Specifically, many different combinations of exons from EWS and FLI1 encode in-frame fusion transcripts and result in differences in the length and composition of the chimeric protein, which functions as an oncogenic aberrant transcription factor. In the most common fusion type (type 1), EWS exon 7 is linked in frame with exon 6 of FLI1. As the fundamental pathogenetic lesion in ES, the molecular heterogeneity of these fusion transcripts may have functional and clinical significance. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a clinical and pathologic analysis of 112 patients with ES in which EWS-FLI1 fusion transcripts were identified by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Adequate treatment and follow-up data were available in 99 patients treated with curative intent. Median follow-up in these 99 patients was 26 months (range, 1 to 140 months). Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed that included other prognostic factors, such as age, tumor location, size, and stage. RESULTS Among the 99 patients suitable for survival analysis, the tumors in 64 patients contained the type 1 fusion and in 35 patients contained less common fusion types. Stage at presentation was localized in 74 patients and metastatic in 25. Metastases (relative risk [RR] = 2.6; P = .008), and type 1 EWS-FLI1 fusion (RR = 0.37; P = .014) were, respectively, independent negative and positive prognostic factors for overall survival by multivariate analysis. Among 74 patients with localized tumors, the type 1 EWS-FLI1 fusion was also a significant positive predictor of overall survival (RR = 0.32; P = .034) by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION EWS-FLI1 fusion type appears to be prognostically relevant in ES, independent of tumor site, stage, and size. Further studies are needed to clarify the biologic basis of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Alava
- Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Sekyi-Otu A, Bell R, Andrulis I, Pollak M. Metastatic behavior of the RIF-1 murine fibrosarcoma: inhibited by hypophysectomy and partially restored by growth hormone replacement. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86:628-32. [PMID: 8145278 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/86.8.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently demonstrated that hypophysectomy profoundly inhibits metastatic behavior in the MGH-OGS murine osteosarcoma model and speculated that this effect is related at least in part to ablation of the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis. PURPOSE In this study, we determined whether the administration of GH to animals rendered GH and IGF-I deficient by hypophysectomy attenuates the inhibitory effects of hypophysectomy on metastatic behavior. METHODS Metastatic behavior was assayed by counting visible metastases in lungs 3 weeks after tail vein injection of RIF-I fibrosarcoma cells to control mice (n = 29), hypophysectomized mice (n = 19), and hypophysectomized mice administered 0.05 microgram/g body weight recombinant human GH twice daily (n = 21). RESULTS Twenty of 21 hypophysectomized mice receiving GH, eight of 19 hypophysectomized mice not receiving GH, and 26 of 29 controls had grossly visible pulmonary metastases 3 weeks after intravenous injection of 5 x 10(5) cells; mean numbers +/- SD of gross metastases were 38.4 +/- 11.3, 6.4 +/- 2.2, and 13.1 +/- 2.8 in the three groups, respectively. The presence (P < .005, chi-square test) and number (P = .0003, Mann-Whitney U test) of metastases were significantly reduced in hypophysectomized hosts compared with control hosts and were significantly higher in hypophysectomized, GH-replaced hosts compared with hypophysectomized hosts (P < .001, chi-square test; P = .011, Mann-Whitney U test), while the difference in presence and extent of metastases between control and hypophysectomized, GH-replaced hosts was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS These data support the hypothesis that the status of the host with respect to GH and/or GH-dependent factors such as IGF-I influences the metastatic behavior of certain neoplasms. IMPLICATIONS Our results raise the possibility that compounds that reduce GH output or interfere with GH action, such as somatostatin analogues, GH antagonists, IGF antagonists, and GH-releasing hormone antagonists, may suppress metastatic behavior of certain neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sekyi-Otu
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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