1
|
Duran-Ahumada S, Karrer L, Cheng C, Roeske I, Pilchik J, Jimenez-Vallejo D, Smith E, Roy K, Kirstein OD, Martin-Park A, Contreras-Perera Y, Che-Mendoza A, Gonzalez-Olvera G, Puerta-Guardo HN, Uribe-Soto SI, Manrique-Saide P, Vazquez-Prokopec G. Wolbachia pipientis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) mediated effects on the fitness and performance of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) under variable temperatures and initial larval densities. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024:tjae088. [PMID: 39077840 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Wolbachia pipientis (Hertig, 1936), also referred as Wolbachia, is a bacterium present across insect taxa, certain strains of which have been demonstrated to impact the fitness and capacity to transmit viruses in mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762). Most studies examine these impacts in limited sets of environmental regimes. Here we seek to understand the impacts of environmentally relevant conditions such as larval density, temperature, and their interaction on wAlbB-infected A. aegypti. Using a factorial design, we measured wAlbB stability (relative density, post-emergence in females, and in progeny), the ability for wAlbB to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility, and bacterial effects on mosquito fitness (fecundity, fertility, and body mass) and performance (adult survival and time to pupation) across 2 temperature regimes (fluctuating and constant) and 2 initial larval densities (low and high). Fluctuating daily regimes of temperature (27 to 40 °C) led to decreased post-emergence wAlbB density and increased wAlbB density in eggs compared to constant temperature (27 °C). An increased fecundity was found in wAlbB-carrying females reared at fluctuating temperatures compared to uninfected wild-type females. wAlbB-carrying adult females showed significantly increased survival than wild-type females. Contrarily, wAlbB-carrying adult males exhibited a significantly lower survival than wild-type males. We found differential effects of assessed treatments (Wolbachia infection status, temperature, and larval density) across mosquito sexes and life stages. Taken together, our results indicate that realistic conditions may not impact dramatically the stability of wAlbB infection in A. aegypti. Nonetheless, understanding the ecological consequence of A. aegypti-wAlbB interaction is complex due to life history tradeoffs under conditions faced by natural populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Duran-Ahumada
- Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution Graduate Program Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luiza Karrer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chun Cheng
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Isabella Roeske
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Josie Pilchik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Jimenez-Vallejo
- Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution Graduate Program Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emily Smith
- Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution Graduate Program Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristina Roy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Oscar D Kirstein
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abdiel Martin-Park
- Laboratory for the Biological Control of Aedes aegypti, Collaborative Unit for Entomological Bioassays (UCBE-LCB), Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Mexico
| | - Yamili Contreras-Perera
- Laboratory for the Biological Control of Aedes aegypti, Collaborative Unit for Entomological Bioassays (UCBE-LCB), Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Mexico
| | - Azael Che-Mendoza
- Laboratory for the Biological Control of Aedes aegypti, Collaborative Unit for Entomological Bioassays (UCBE-LCB), Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Gonzalez-Olvera
- Laboratory for the Biological Control of Aedes aegypti, Collaborative Unit for Entomological Bioassays (UCBE-LCB), Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Mexico
| | - Henry N Puerta-Guardo
- Laboratory for the Biological Control of Aedes aegypti, Collaborative Unit for Entomological Bioassays (UCBE-LCB), Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Mexico
| | - Sandra I Uribe-Soto
- Sciences Faculty, National University of Colombia, Medellin Campus, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Laboratory for the Biological Control of Aedes aegypti, Collaborative Unit for Entomological Bioassays (UCBE-LCB), Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kamgang B, Acântara J, Tedjou A, Keumeni C, Yougang A, Ancia A, Bigirimana F, Clarke SE, Gil VS, Wondji C. Entomological surveys and insecticide susceptibility profile of Aedes aegypti during the dengue outbreak in Sao Tome and Principe in 2022. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011903. [PMID: 38829904 PMCID: PMC11175431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first dengue outbreak in Sao Tome and Principe was reported in 2022. Entomological investigations were undertaken to establish the typology of Aedes larval habitats, the distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, the related entomological risk and the susceptibility profile of Ae. aegypti to insecticides, to provide evidence to inform the outbreak response. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Entomological surveys were performed in all seven health districts of Sao Tome and Principe during the dry and rainy seasons in 2022. WHO tube and synergist assays using piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) were carried out, together with genotyping of F1534C/V1016I/V410L mutations in Ae. aegypti. Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus were found in all seven health districts of the country with high abundance of Ae. aegypti in the most urbanised district, Agua Grande. Both Aedes species bred mainly in used tyres, discarded tanks and water storage containers. In both survey periods, the Breteau (BI > 50), house (HI > 35%) and container (CI > 20%) indices were higher than the thresholds established by WHO to indicate high potential risk of dengue transmission. The Ae. aegypti sampled were susceptible to all insecticides tested except dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (9.2% mortality, resistant), bendiocarb (61.4% mortality, resistant) and alpha-cypermethrin (97% mortality, probable resistant). A full recovery was observed in Ae. aegypti resistant to bendiocarb after pre-exposure to synergist PBO. Only one Ae. aegypti specimen was found carrying F1534C mutation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These findings revealed a high potential risk for dengue transmission throughout the year, with the bulk of larval breeding occurring in used tyres, water storage and discarded containers. Most of the insecticides tested remain effective to control Aedes vectors in Sao Tome, except DDT and bendiocarb. These data underline the importance of raising community awareness and implementing routine dengue vector control strategies to prevent further outbreaks in Sao Tome and Principe, and elsewhere in the subregion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basile Kamgang
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - João Acântara
- Centro Nacional de Endemias, Ministério da Saúde de São Tomé e Príncipe, Agua Grande, São Tomé e Príncipe
| | - Armel Tedjou
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Christophe Keumeni
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Aurelie Yougang
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Anne Ancia
- World Health Organization, Port Louis, Mauritius
| | | | - Sian E. Clarke
- Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Charles Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Patt JM, Makagon A, Norton B, Marvit M, Rutschman P, Neligeorge M, Salesin J. An optical system to detect, surveil, and kill flying insect vectors of human and crop pathogens. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8174. [PMID: 38589427 PMCID: PMC11002038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustainable and effective means to control flying insect vectors are critically needed, especially with widespread insecticide resistance and global climate change. Understanding and controlling vectors requires accurate information about their movement and activity, which is often lacking. The Photonic Fence (PF) is an optical system that uses machine vision, infrared light, and lasers to identify, track, and interdict vectors in flight. The PF examines an insect's outline, flight speed, and other flight parameters and if these match those of a targeted vector species, then a low-power, retina-safe laser kills it. We report on proof-of-concept tests of a large, field-sized PF (30 mL × 3 mH) conducted with Aedes aegypti, a mosquito that transmits dangerous arboviruses, and Diaphorina citri, a psyllid which transmits the fatal huanglongbing disease of citrus. In tests with the laser engaged, < 1% and 3% of A. aegypti and D. citri, respectfully, were recovered versus a 38% and 19% recovery when the lacer was silenced. The PF tracked, but did not intercept the orchid bee, Euglossa dilemma. The system effectively intercepted flying vectors, but not bees, at a distance of 30 m, heralding the use of photonic energy, rather than chemicals, to control flying vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Patt
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA.
| | - Arty Makagon
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Bryan Norton
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Maclen Marvit
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Phillip Rutschman
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Matt Neligeorge
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Jeremy Salesin
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mendis BAN, Peiris V, Harshani WAK, Fernando HSD, de Silva BGDNK. Fine-scale monitoring of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Sri Lanka and modeling the phenotypic resistance using rational approximation. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:18. [PMID: 38216956 PMCID: PMC10785423 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unplanned and intensified use of insecticides to control mosquito-borne diseases has led to an upsurge of resistance to commonly used insecticides. Aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus, is primarily controlled through the application of adulticides (pyrethroid insecticides) and larvicides (temephos). Fine spatial-scale analysis of resistance may reveal important resistance-related patterns, and the application of mathematical models to determine the phenotypic resistance status lessens the cost and usage of resources, thus resulting in an enhanced and successful control program. METHODS The phenotypic resistance for permethrin, deltamethrin, and malathion was monitored in the Ae. aegypti populations using the World Health Organization (WHO) adult bioassay method. Mosquitoes' resistance to permethrin and deltamethrin was evaluated for the commonly occurring base substitutions in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene. Rational functions were used to determine the relationship between the kdr alleles and the phenotypic resistant percentage of Ae. aegypti in Sri Lanka. RESULTS The results of the bioassays revealed highly resistant Ae. aegypti populations for the two pyrethroid insecticides (permethrin and deltamethrin) tested. All populations were susceptible to 5% malathion insecticide. The study also revealed high frequencies of C1534 and G1016 in all the populations studied. The highest haplotype frequency was detected for the haplotype CC/VV, followed by FC/VV and CC/VG. Of the seven models obtained, this study suggests the prediction models using rational approximation considering the C allele frequencies and the total of C, G, and P allele frequencies and phenotypic resistance as the best fits for the area concerned. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to our knowledge to provide a model to predict phenotypic resistance using rational functions considering kdr alleles. The flexible nature of the rational functions has revealed the most suitable association among them. Thus, a general evaluation of kdr alleles prior to insecticide applications would unveil the phenotypic resistance percentage of the wild mosquito population. A site-specific strategy is recommended for monitoring resistance with a mathematical approach and management of insecticide applications for the vector population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B A N Mendis
- Center for Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - V Peiris
- Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
- Center for Optimization and Decision Science, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - W A K Harshani
- Center for Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - H S D Fernando
- Center for Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - B G D N K de Silva
- Center for Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rubio-Palis Y, Dzuris N, Sandi C, Vizcaino-Cabarrus RL, Corredor-Medina C, González JA, Lenhart AE. Insecticide resistance levels and associated mechanisms in three Aedes aegypti populations from Venezuela. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e220210. [PMID: 37377253 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The massive use of insecticides in public health has exerted selective pressure resulting in the development of resistance in Aedes aegypti to different insecticides in Venezuela. Between 2010 and 2020, the only insecticides available for vector control were the organophosphates (Ops) fenitrothion and temephos which were focally applied. OBJECTIVES To determine the state of insecticide resistance and to identify the possible biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in three populations of Ae. aegypti from Venezuela. METHODS CDC bottle bioassays were conducted on Ae. aegypti collected between October 2019 and February 2020 in two hyperendemic localities for dengue in Aragua State and in a malaria endemic area in Bolívar State. Insecticide resistance mechanisms were studied using biochemical assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect kdr mutations. FINDINGS Bioassays showed contrasting results among populations; Las Brisas was resistant to malathion, permethrin and deltamethrin, Urbanización 19 de Abril was resistant to permethrin and Nacupay to malathion. All populations showed significantly higher activity of mixed function oxidases and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) in comparison with the susceptible strain. The kdr mutations V410L, F1534C, and V1016I were detected in all populations, with F1534C at higher frequencies. MAIN CONCLUSION Insecticide resistance persists in three Ae. aegypti populations from Venezuela even in the relative absence of insecticide application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Rubio-Palis
- Universidad de Carabobo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Nicole Dzuris
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Entomology Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher Sandi
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Entomology Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rita Lucrecia Vizcaino-Cabarrus
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Entomology Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Claudia Corredor-Medina
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Entomology Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jesús Alberto González
- Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Dirección General de Salud Ambiental, Dirección de Control de Vectores, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Audrey E Lenhart
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Entomology Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Das S, Máquina M, Phillips K, Cuamba N, Marrenjo D, Saúte F, Paaijmans KP, Huijben S. Fine-scale spatial distribution of deltamethrin resistance and population structure of Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis populations in Southern Mozambique. Malar J 2023; 22:94. [PMID: 36915131 PMCID: PMC10010967 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance in malaria vectors can be spatially highly heterogeneous, yet population structure analyses frequently find relatively high levels of gene flow among mosquito populations. Few studies have contemporaneously assessed phenotypic, genotypic and population structure analysis on mosquito populations and none at fine geographical scales. In this study, genetic diversity, population structure, and insecticide resistance profiles of Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis were examined across mosquito populations from and within neighbouring villages. METHODS Mosquitoes were collected from 11 towns in southern Mozambique, as well as from different neighbourhoods within the town of Palmeira, during the peak malaria transmission season in 2016. CDC bottle bioassay and PCR assays were performed with Anopheles mosquitoes at each site to determine phenotypic and molecular insecticide resistance profiles, respectively. Microsatellite analysis was conducted on a subsample of mosquitoes to estimate genetic diversity and population structure. RESULTS Phenotypic insecticide resistance to deltamethrin was observed in An. funestus sensu stricto (s.s.) throughout the area, though a high level of mortality variation was seen. However, 98% of An. funestus s.s. were CYP6P9a homozygous resistant. An. arabiensis was phenotypically susceptible to deltamethrin and 99% were kdr homozygous susceptible. Both Anopheles species exhibited high allelic richness and heterozygosity. Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed, and high linkage disequilibrium was seen for An. funestus s.s., supporting population subdivision. However, the FST values were low for both anophelines (- 0.00457 to 0.04213), Nm values were high (9.4-71.8 migrants per generation), AMOVA results showed almost 100% genetic variation among and within individuals, and Structure analysis showed no clustering of An. funestus s.s. and An. arabiensis populations. These results suggest high gene flow among mosquito populations. CONCLUSION Despite a relatively high level of phenotypic variation in the An. funestus population, molecular analysis shows the population is admixed. These data indicate that CYP6P9a resistance markers do not capture all phenotypic variation in the area, but also that resistance genes of high impact are likely to easily spread in the area. Conversely, other strategies, such as transgenic mosquito release programmes will likely not face challenges in this locality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita Das
- The Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- PATH, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mara Máquina
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Fundação Manhiça, Manhica, Mozambique
| | - Keeley Phillips
- The Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Nelson Cuamba
- Programa Nacional de Controlo da Malária, Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
- PMI VectorLink Project, Abt Associates Inc., Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Dulcisaria Marrenjo
- Programa Nacional de Controlo da Malária, Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Francisco Saúte
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Fundação Manhiça, Manhica, Mozambique
| | - Krijn P Paaijmans
- The Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Simon A. Levin Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- The Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvie Huijben
- The Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Simon A. Levin Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen C, Aldridge RL, Gibson S, Kline J, Aryaprema V, Qualls W, Xue RD, Boardman L, Linthicum KJ, Hahn DA. Developing the radiation-based sterile insect technique (SIT) for controlling Aedes aegypti: identification of a sterilizing dose. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1175-1183. [PMID: 36424673 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sterile insect technique (SIT) is emerging as a tool to supplement traditional pesticide-based control of Aedes aegypti, a prominent mosquito vector of microbes that has increased the global burden of human morbidity and mortality over the past 50 years. SIT relies on rearing, sterilizing and releasing large numbers of male mosquitoes that will mate with fertile wild females, thus reducing production of offspring from the target population. In this study, we investigated the effects of ionizing radiation (gamma) on male and female survival, longevity, mating behavior, and sterility of Ae. aegypti in a dose-response design. This work is a first step towards developing an operational SIT field suppression program against Ae. aegypti in St. Augustine, Florida, USA. RESULTS Exposing late-stage pupae to 50 Gy of radiation yielded 99% male sterility while maintaining similar survival of pupae to adult emergence, adult longevity and male mating competitiveness compared to unirradiated males. Females were completely sterilized at 30 Gy, and when females were dosed with 50 Gy, they had a lower incidence of blood-feeding than unirradiated females. CONCLUSION Our work suggests that an ionizing radiation dose of 50 Gy should be used for future development of operational SIT in our program area because at this dose males are 99% sterile while maintaining mating competitiveness against unirradiated males. Furthermore, females that might be accidentally released with sterile males as a result of errors in sex sorting also are sterile and less likely to blood-feed than unirradiated females at our 50 Gy dose. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert L Aldridge
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical, Agricultural, & Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Seth Gibson
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical, Agricultural, & Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jedidiah Kline
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical, Agricultural, & Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Whitney Qualls
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, St. Augustine, Florida, USA
| | - Rui-de Xue
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, St. Augustine, Florida, USA
| | - Leigh Boardman
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences & Center for Biodiversity Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kenneth J Linthicum
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical, Agricultural, & Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel A Hahn
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao C, Zhou X, Xue C, Lun X, Li W, Liu X, Wu H, Song X, Wang J, Liu Q, Meng F. Knockdown resistance mutations distribution and characteristics of Aedes albopictus field populations within eleven dengue local epidemic provinces in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:981702. [PMID: 36846550 PMCID: PMC9948608 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.981702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes albopictus, commonly known as the tiger mosquito, has attracted global attention because its bite can transmit several viruses, such as dengue virus. With the absence of an effective therapy and vaccine, mosquito control is the sole method for dengue fever control. However, Ae. albopictus has developed resistance to most insecticides, especially pyrethroids. Many scholars have conducted thorough research for the target-site of pyrethroids. The main target-site is the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (VGSC) whose mutation causes knockdown resistance (kdr). The spatial distribution of three locus kdr mutations in Ae. albopictus has not been comprehensively analyzed nationwide in China. In addition, the relationship between the frequency of kdr mutations and dengue fever has not yet been explored. Methods A total of 2,241 Ae. albopictus samples from 49 populations from 11 provinces of mainland China were collected in 2020 and analyzed for mutations in the VGSC gene. DNAstar 7.1. Seqman and Mega-X were used to compare the sequences and read the peak map to confirm the genotypes and alleles of each mutation. ArcGIS 10.6 software was used to make interpolation and extract meteorological data of collection sites and to conduct spatial autocorrelation analysis. R 4.1.2 software was used to conduct a chi-square test for kdr mutations and dengue area and to analyze the correlation between meteorological factors and kdr mutations. Results The overall frequencies of mutant alleles at 1016G, 1532T, and 1534S/C/L were 13.19%, 4.89%, and 46.90%, respectively. Mutations at the three loci were found at 89.80% (44/49), 44.90% (22/49), and 97.96% (48/49) of the field populations. At each of the loci V1016 and I1532, only one allele was detected, which was GGA(G) and ACC(T), respectively. Five mutant alleles were found at codon 1534: TCC/S (33.49%), TGC/C (11.96%), TTG/L (0.60%), CTC/L (0.49%), and TTA/L (0.58%). In total, 31 triple-locus genotype combinations were found, and the single locus mutation was the most common. We also found firstly triple-locus mutant individuals, whose genotypes were V/G+I/T+F/S and V/G+I/T+S/S. The 1016 and 1532 mutation rates were significantly negatively related to the annual average temperature (AAT), but the 1534 mutation rate was significantly positively related to AAT. The 1532 mutation rate was significantly positively related to the 1016 mutation rate but negatively related to the 1534 mutation rate. A relationship was observed between the 1534 codon mutation rate and dengue epidemic areas in this study. Furthermore, spatial autocorrelation analysis results showed that the mutation rates of different codons in different geographical areas had spatial aggregation and positive spatial correlation. Conclusion This study showed that the multiple kdr mutations at codon 1016, 1532 and 1534 of Ae. albopictus were found in most areas of China. Two novel triple-locus genotype combinations, V/G+I/T+F/S and V/G+I/T+S/S, were detected in this study. In addition, the relationship between mosquito resistance and dengue fever outbreak should be further explored, especially considering the insecticide-usage history in different areas. The characteristic of spatial aggregation of VGSC gene mutation rates reminds us to notice the gene exchange and similarity of insecticide usage in the adjacent areas. The use of pyrethroids should be restricted to delay resistance development. New-type insecticides should be developed to adjust the changes in the resistance spectrum. Our study provides abundant data on the Ae. albopictus kdr gene mutation in China; these findings will be useful for the correlation analysis of molecular mechanism of insecticide resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Beijing Daxing District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Genaral Office, Beijing, China
| | - Chuizhao Xue
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Committee (NHC) Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinchang Lun
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fengxia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kayesh MEH, Khalil I, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Increasing Dengue Burden and Severe Dengue Risk in Bangladesh: An Overview. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8010032. [PMID: 36668939 PMCID: PMC9866424 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a prevalent and rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease affecting humans. The geographic range of dengue is expanding, and much like in many other tropical regions of the world, dengue has become a major public health issue in Bangladesh. Until a large epidemic dengue outbreak in 2000, sporadic outbreaks have occurred in Bangladesh since 1964. After 2000, varying intensities of dengue activity were observed each year until 2018. However, in 2019, Bangladesh experienced the largest dengue epidemic in its history, with 101,354 dengue cases and 164 dengue-related deaths. Notably, this outbreak occurred in many regions that were previously considered free of the disease. As of 10 December 2022, a total of 60,078 dengue cases and 266 dengue-related deaths were reported in Bangladesh, with the 2022 outbreak being the second largest since 2000. There is an increased genetic diversity of the dengue virus (DENV) in Bangladesh and all four DENV serotypes are prevalent and co-circulating, which increases the risk for severe dengue owing to the antibody-dependent enhancement effect. Vector control remains the mainstay of dengue outbreak prevention; however, the vector control programs adopted in Bangladesh seem inadequate, requiring improved vector control strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology of DENV infection and the risks for a severe dengue outbreak in Bangladesh. Additionally, we discuss different dengue vector control strategies, from which the most suitable and effective measures can be applied in the context of Bangladesh for tackling future dengue epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.E.H.K.); (K.T.-K.); Tel.: +88-025-506-1677 (M.E.H.K.); +81-99-285-3589 (K.T.-K.)
| | - Ibrahim Khalil
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries & Livestock, Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.E.H.K.); (K.T.-K.); Tel.: +88-025-506-1677 (M.E.H.K.); +81-99-285-3589 (K.T.-K.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ernawan B, Anggraeni T, Yusmalinar S, Sasmita HI, Fitrianto N, Ahmad I. Assessment of Compaction, Temperature, and Duration Factors for Packaging and Transporting of Sterile Male Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) under Laboratory Conditions. INSECTS 2022; 13:847. [PMID: 36135548 PMCID: PMC9501006 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optimized conditions for the packaging and transportation of sterile males are crucial factors in successful SIT programs against mosquito vector-borne diseases. The factors influencing the quality of sterile males in packages during transportation need to be assessed to develop standard protocols. This study was aimed to investigate the impact of compaction, temperature, and duration factors during packaging and transportation on the quality of gamma-sterilized male Ae. aegypti. Aedes aegypti males were sterilized at a dose of 70 Gy, compacted into Falcon tubes with densities of 40, 80, and 120 males/2 mL; and then exposed to temperatures of 7, 14, 21, and 28 °C. Each temperature setup was held for a duration of 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h at a 60 rpm constant vibration to simulate transportation. The parameters of mortality, flight ability, induced sterility, and longevity were investigated. Results showed that increases in density, temperature, and duration significantly increased mortality and reduced flight ability and longevity, but none of the factors significantly affected induced sterility. With a mortality rate of less than 20%, an escaping rate of more than 70%, considerable longevity, and the most negligible effect on induced sterility (approximately 98%), a temperature of 7 °C and a compaction density of 80 males/2 mL were shown to be optimized conditions for short-term transportation (no more than 24 h) with the minimum adverse effects compared with other condition setups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beni Ernawan
- Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Radiation Process Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta 12440, Indonesia
| | - Tjandra Anggraeni
- Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Sri Yusmalinar
- Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Hadian Iman Sasmita
- Research Center for Radiation Process Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta 12440, Indonesia
| | - Nur Fitrianto
- Research Center for Radiation Process Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta 12440, Indonesia
| | - Intan Ahmad
- Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Expressing the Pro-Apoptotic Reaper Protein via Insertion into the Structural Open Reading Frame of Sindbis Virus Reduces the Ability to Infect Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092035. [PMID: 36146841 PMCID: PMC9501589 DOI: 10.3390/v14092035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses continue to threaten a significant portion of the human population, and a better understanding is needed of the determinants of successful arbovirus infection of arthropod vectors. Avoiding apoptosis has been shown to be one such determinant. Previous work showed that a Sindbis virus (SINV) construct called MRE/rpr that expresses the Drosophila pro-apoptotic protein Reaper via a duplicated subgenomic promoter had a reduced ability to orally infect Aedes aegypti mosquitoes at 3 days post-blood meal (PBM), but this difference diminished over time as virus variants containing deletions in the inserted reaper gene rapidly predominated. In order to further clarify the effect of midgut apoptosis on disseminated infection in Ae. aegypti, we constructed MRE/rprORF, a version of SINV containing reaper inserted into the structural open reading frame (ORF) as an in-frame fusion. MRE/rprORF successfully expressed Reaper, replicated similarly to MRE/rpr in cell lines, induced apoptosis in cultured cells, and caused increased effector caspase activity in mosquito midgut tissue. Mosquitoes that fed on blood containing MRE/rprORF developed significantly less midgut and disseminated infection when compared to MRE/rpr or a control virus up to at least 7 days PBM, when less than 50% of mosquitoes that ingested MRE/rprORF had detectable disseminated infection, compared with around 80% or more of mosquitoes fed with MRE/rpr or control virus. However, virus titer in the minority of mosquitoes that became infected with MRE/rprORF was not significantly different from control virus. Deep sequencing of virus populations from ten mosquitoes infected with MRE/rprORF indicated that the reaper insert was stable, with only a small number of point mutations and no deletions being observed at frequencies greater than 1%. Our results indicate that expression of Reaper by this method significantly reduces infection prevalence, but if infection is established then Reaper expression has limited ability to continue to suppress replication.
Collapse
|
12
|
Juarez JG, Carbajal E, Dickinson KL, Garcia-Luna S, Vuong N, Mutebi JP, Hemme RR, Badillo-Vargas I, Hamer GL. The unreachable doorbells of South Texas: community engagement in colonias on the US-Mexico border for mosquito control. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1176. [PMID: 35698216 PMCID: PMC9190097 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit continue to place millions of people at risk of infection around the world. Novel methods of vector control are being developed to provide public health officials with the necessary tools to prevent disease transmission and reduce local mosquito populations. However, these methods will require public acceptance for a sustainable approach and evaluations at local settings. We present our efforts in community engagement carried out in colonias of the Lower Rio Grande Valley in south Texas for mosquito surveillance, control, and ecological projects. Along the US-Mexico border the term colonia refers to impoverished communities that are usually inhabited by families of Hispanic heritage. The different engagements were carried out from September 2016 to February 2019; during this time, we had three distinct phases for community engagement. In Phase 1 we show the initial approach to the colonias in which we assessed security and willingness to participate; in Phase 2 we carried out the first recruitment procedure involving community meetings and house-to-house recruitment; and in Phase 3 we conducted a modified recruitment procedure based on community members' input. Our findings show that incorporating community members in the development of communication materials and following their suggestions for engagement allowed us to generate culturally sensitive recruitment materials and to better understand the social relationships and power dynamics within these communities. We were able to effectively reach a larger portion of the community and decrease the dropout rate of participants. Progress gained with building trust in the communities allowed us to convey participant risks and benefits of collaborating with our research projects. Community engagement should be viewed as a key component of any local vector control program as well as for any scientific research project related to vector control. Even in the face of budgetary constraints, small efforts in community engagement go a long way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose G Juarez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ester Carbajal
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Selene Garcia-Luna
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nga Vuong
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John-Paul Mutebi
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ryan R Hemme
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR, USA
| | | | - Gabriel L Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dengue Vaccines: An Update. BioDrugs 2022; 36:325-336. [PMID: 35608749 PMCID: PMC9127483 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-022-00531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most prevalent mosquito-borne diseases in the world, affecting an estimated 390 million people each year, according to models. For the last two decades, efforts to develop safe and effective vaccines to prevent dengue virus (DENV) infections have faced several challenges, mostly related to the complexity of conducting long-term studies to evaluate vaccine efficacy and safety to rule out the risk of vaccine-induced DHS/DSS, particularly in children. At least seven DENV vaccines have undergone different phases of clinical trials; however, only three of them (Dengvaxia®, TV003, and TAK-003) have showed promising results, and are addressed in detail in this review in terms of their molecular design, efficacy, and immunogenicity. Safety-related challenges during DENV vaccine development are also discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Boyer S, Maquart PO, Chhuoy K, Suor K, Chhum M, Heng K, Leng S, Fontenille D, Marcombe S. Monitoring insecticide resistance of adult and larval Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:44. [PMID: 35101104 PMCID: PMC8805314 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue fever is a major public health concern in Cambodia, with thousands of cases every year in urban, suburban and rural areas of the country. The main vector of dengue fever in Cambodia is Aedes aegypti. The organophosphate larvicide temephos and adulticides belonging to the pyrethroid family have been widely used for decades by public health authorities to fight dengue vectors, but resistance of Ae. aegypti to these insecticides has been previously described for Cambodia. Methods In order to adapt the vector control strategy presently used in Cambodia, we tested 14 adulticides belonging to the carbamate, organochlorine, organophosphate, and pyrethroid insecticide families and three larvicides [temephos, spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis ser. israelensis (Bti)] belonging to three different insecticide families (organophosphates, spinosyns and entomopathogenic bacteria). The standard procedures used here to test the adults and larvae of an Ae. aegypti population from Phnom Penh followed World Health Organization guidelines. Results For adults, high mortality rates were observed with carbamate, organophosphate and organochlorine (with the exception of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) insecticides (i.e. between 87.6 and 100%), while low mortality rates were observed with all of the tested pyrethroid insecticides (i.e. between 1 and 35%). For larvae, no resistance against Bti was detected [resistance ratio (RR90 < 1.6)], but moderate resistance was observed for temephos and spinosad (RR90 < 5.6). Conclusions The results of this study indicate that (i) Bti should be considered a serious alternative to temephos for the control of Ae. aegypti larvae; and (ii) the carbamate adulticides propoxur and bendiocarb should be employed instead of the widely used pyrethroid insecticides for the control of adult Ae. aegypti on land under mosaic farming and crop rotation in Cambodia, as the insects were found to be resistant to the latter types of insecticide. Research focusing on insecticide resistance and innovative and effective vector control strategies should be undertaken as a public health priority in Cambodia. Graphical abstract ![]()
Collapse
|
15
|
Che-Mendoza A, González-Olvera G, Medina-Barreiro A, Arisqueta-Chablé C, Bibiano-Marin W, Correa-Morales F, Kirstein OD, Manrique-Saide P, Vazquez-Prokopec GM. Efficacy of targeted indoor residual spraying with the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr against pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009822. [PMID: 34606519 PMCID: PMC8516273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is an increased need to mitigate the emergence of insecticide resistance and incorporate new formulations and modes of application to control the urban vector Aedes aegypti. Most research and development of insecticide formulations for the control of Ae. aegypti has focused on their peridomestic use as truck-mounted ULV-sprays or thermal fogs despite the widespread knowledge that most resting Ae. aegypti are found indoors. A recent modification of indoor residual spraying (IRS), termed targeted IRS (TIRS) works by restricting applications to 1.5 m down to the floor and on key Ae. aegypti resting sites (under furniture). TIRS also opens the possibility of evaluating novel residual insecticide formulations currently being developed for malaria IRS. Methods We evaluated the residual efficacy of chlorfenapyr, formulated as Sylando 240SC, for 12 months on free-flying field-derived pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti using a novel experimental house design in Merida, Mexico. On a monthly basis, 600 female Ae. aegypti were released into the houses and left indoors with access to sugar solution for 24 hours. After the exposure period, dead and alive mosquitoes were counted in houses treated with chlorfenapyr as well as untreated control houses to calculate 24-h mortality. An evaluation for these exposed cohorts of surviving mosquitoes was extended up to seven days under laboratory conditions to quantify “delayed mortality”. Results Mean acute (24-h) mortality of pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti ranged 80–97% over 5 months, dropping below 30% after 7 months post-TIRS. If delayed mortality was considered (quantifying mosquito mortality up to 7 days after exposure), residual efficacy was above 90% for up to 7 months post-TIRS application. Generalized Additive Mixed Models quantified a residual efficacy of chlorfenapyr of 225 days (ca. 7.5 months). Conclusions Chlorfenapyr represents a new option for TIRS control of Ae. aegypti in urban areas, providing a highly-effective time of protection against indoor Ae. aegypti females of up to 7 months. Vector control (VC) for managing Aedes aegypti and reducing transmission of Aedes-borne diseases is largely focused on peridomestic insecticide applications. However, the indoor resting behavior of Ae. aegypti and the acceleration of insecticide resistance owed to reduced modes of action have diminished the effectiveness of many VC tools. A targeted Indoor residual spraying (TIRS) modality in experimental housing units was employed to investigate the potential of chlorfenapyr, a pyrrole-class insecticide with known effectiveness to resistant mosquito species. This was the first investigation for chlorfenapyr use against locally resistant Ae. aegypti (Merida, Mexico) with this approach. Two treatment arms were investigated in the present study: TIRS and a control house where only water was sprayed. A comparison of entomological efficacy for TIRS applied to interior perimeter walls below 1.5 m with chlorfenapyr (formulated as Sylando 240SC) at 250 mg/m2 over 12 months was assessed. TIRS chlorfenapyr treatments were highly efficacious and led to acute mortalities (after 24 exposure) above 80% up to 5 months; delayed mortalities (to Ae. aegypti) were monitored over seven days post exposures vs untreated controls. When delayed mortality was considered, residual efficacy of chlorfenapyr extended to 7 months. These data provide evidence that TIRS chlorfenapyr is an effective Aedes management tool that surpassed efficacy profiles for other TIRS insecticides that have been previously reported with this method. Further, Chlorfenapyr emerges as a novel addition to Ae. aegypti VC, and future studies should focus on its effectiveness and residual power as part of Phase II-III TIRS trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azael Che-Mendoza
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Gabriela González-Olvera
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Anuar Medina-Barreiro
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Carlos Arisqueta-Chablé
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Wilberth Bibiano-Marin
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Fabián Correa-Morales
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE) Secretaria de Salud Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Oscar D. Kirstein
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Juarez JG, Chaves LF, Garcia‐Luna SM, Martin E, Badillo‐Vargas I, Medeiros MCI, Hamer GL. Variable coverage in an Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap intervention impacts efficacy of Aedes aegypti control. J Appl Ecol 2021; 58:2075-2086. [PMID: 34690360 PMCID: PMC8518497 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Control of the arboviral disease vector Aedes aegypti has shown variable levels of efficacy around the globe. We evaluated an Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap (AGO) intervention as a stand-alone control tool for population suppression of A. aegypti in US communities bordering Mexico.We conducted a cluster randomized crossover trial with weekly mosquito surveillance of sentinel households from July 2017 to December 2018. The intervention took place from August to December of both years. Multilevel models (generalized linear and additive mixed models) were used to analyse the changes in population abundance of female A. aegypti.We observed that female populations were being suppressed 77% (2018) and four times lower outdoor female abundance when AGO coverage (number of intervention AGO traps that surrounded a sentinel home) was high (2.7 AGOs/house). However, we also observed that areas with low intervention AGO coverage resulted in no difference (2017) or slightly higher abundance compared to the control. These results suggest that coverage rate might play a critical role on how populations of female A. aegypti are being modulated in the field. The lack of larval source habitat reduction and the short duration of the intervention period might have limited the A. aegypti population suppression observed in this study. Synthesis and applications. The mosquito, A. aegypti, is a public health concern in most tropical and subtropical regions. With the rise of insecticide resistance, the evaluation of non-chemical tools has become pivotal in the fight against arboviral disease transmission. Our study shows that the AGO intervention, as a stand-alone control tool, is limited by its coverage in human settlements. Vector control programmes should consider, that if the target coverage rate is not achieved, measures will be ineffective unless coupled with other control approaches. Although our multilevel modelling was focused on A. aegypti and the AGO, the approach can be applied to other mosquito vector species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose G. Juarez
- Department of EntomologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Luis F. Chaves
- Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA)CartagoCosta Rica
| | | | - Estelle Martin
- Department of EntomologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | | | | | - Gabriel L. Hamer
- Department of EntomologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Solis-Santoyo F, Rodriguez AD, Penilla-Navarro RP, Sanchez D, Castillo-Vera A, Lopez-Solis AD, Vazquez-Lopez ED, Lozano S, Black WC, Saavedra-Rodriguez K. Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti from Tapachula, Mexico: Spatial variation and response to historical insecticide use. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009746. [PMID: 34570792 PMCID: PMC8475978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide use continues as the main strategy to control Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. In the city of Tapachula, Mexico, mosquito control programs switched from pyrethroids to organophosphates for outdoor spatial spraying in 2013. Additionally, the spraying scheme switched from total coverage to focused control, prioritizing areas with higher entomological-virological risk. Five years after this strategy had been implemented, we evaluated the status and variability of insecticide resistance among Ae. aegypti collected at 26 sites in Tapachula. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We determined the lethal concentrations at 50% of the tested populations (LC50) using a bottle bioassay, and then, we calculated the resistance ratio (RR) relative to the susceptible New Orleans strain. Permethrin and deltamethrin (pyrethroids), chlorpyrifos and malathion (organophosphates), and bendiocarb (carbamate) were tested. The frequencies of the substitutions V1016I and F1534C, which are in the voltage-gated sodium channel and confer knockdown-resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides, were calculated. Despite 5 years having passed since the removal of pyrethroids from the control programs, Ae. aegypti remained highly resistant to permethrin and deltamethrin (RR > 10-fold). In addition, following 5 years of chlorpyrifos use, mosquitoes at 15 of 26 sites showed moderate resistance to chlorpyrifos (5- to 10-fold), and the mosquitoes from one site were highly resistant. All sites had low resistance to malathion (< 5-fold). Resistance to bendiocarb was low at 19 sites, moderate at five, and high at two. Frequencies of the V1016I ranged from 0.16-0.71, while C1534 approached fixation at 23 sites (0.8-1). Resistance profiles and kdr allele frequencies varied across Tapachula. The variability was not associated with a spatial pattern at the scale of the sampling. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Mosquito populations respond to selection pressure at a focal scale in the field. Spatial variation across sites highlights the importance of testing multiple sites within geographical regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Solis-Santoyo
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Americo D. Rodriguez
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - R. Patricia Penilla-Navarro
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Daniel Sanchez
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Tapachula, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | | | - Alma D. Lopez-Solis
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Eduardo D. Vazquez-Lopez
- Jurisdicción Sanitaria VII, Tapachula Chiapas, Antiguo Hospital General de Tapachula, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Saul Lozano
- Centers for Diseases Prevention and Control, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - William C. Black
- Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Arthropod Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Karla Saavedra-Rodriguez
- Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Arthropod Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Namias A, Jobe NB, Paaijmans KP, Huijben S. The need for practical insecticide-resistance guidelines to effectively inform mosquito-borne disease control programs. eLife 2021; 10:e65655. [PMID: 34355693 PMCID: PMC8346280 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring local mosquito populations for insecticide resistance is critical for effective vector-borne disease control. However, widely used phenotypic assays, which are designed to monitor the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance (technical resistance), do not translate well to the efficacy of vector control products to suppress mosquito numbers in the field (practical resistance). This is because standard testing conditions such as environmental conditions, exposure dose, and type of substrate differ dramatically from those experienced by mosquitoes under field conditions. In addition, field mosquitoes have considerably different physiological characteristics such as age and blood-feeding status. Beyond this, indirect impacts of insecticide resistance and/or exposure on mosquito longevity, pathogen development, host-seeking behavior, and blood-feeding success impact disease transmission. Given the limited number of active ingredients currently available and the observed discordance between resistance and disease transmission, we conclude that additional testing guidelines are needed to determine practical resistance-the efficacy of vector control tools under relevant local conditions- in order to obtain programmatic impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Namias
- Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Ndey Bassin Jobe
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Life Sciences C, Tempe, United States
| | - Krijn Petrus Paaijmans
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Life Sciences C, Tempe, United States
- The Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Biodesign Institute, Tempe, United States
- ISGlobal, Carrer del Rosselló, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Distrito da Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Silvie Huijben
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Life Sciences C, Tempe, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Baltzegar J, Vella M, Gunning C, Vasquez G, Astete H, Stell F, Fisher M, Scott TW, Lenhart A, Lloyd AL, Morrison A, Gould F. Rapid evolution of knockdown resistance haplotypes in response to pyrethroid selection in Aedes aegypti. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2098-2113. [PMID: 34429751 PMCID: PMC8372076 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the evolution of knockdown resistance (kdr) haplotypes in Aedes aegypti in response to pyrethroid insecticide use over the course of 18 years in Iquitos, Peru. Based on the duration and intensiveness of sampling (~10,000 samples), this is the most thorough study of kdr population genetics in Ae. aegypti to date within a city. We provide evidence for the direct connection between programmatic citywide pyrethroid spraying and the increase in frequency of specific kdr haplotypes by identifying two evolutionary events in the population. The relatively high selection coefficients, even under infrequent insecticide pressure, emphasize how quickly Ae. aegypti populations can evolve. In our examination of the literature on mosquitoes and other insect pests, we could find no cases where a pest evolved so quickly to so few exposures to low or nonresidual insecticide applications. The observed rapid increase in frequency of resistance alleles might have been aided by the incomplete dominance of resistance-conferring alleles over corresponding susceptibility alleles. In addition to dramatic temporal shifts, spatial suppression experiments reveal that genetic heterogeneity existed not only at the citywide scale, but also on a very fine scale within the city.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Baltzegar
- Graduate Program in GeneticsCollege of SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
- Genetic Engineering and Society CenterNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Michael Vella
- Genetic Engineering and Society CenterNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
- Biomathematics Graduate Program and Department of MathematicsNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | | | - Gissella Vasquez
- Department of EntomologyU.S. Naval Medical Research Unit. No 6.BellavistaPeru
| | - Helvio Astete
- Department of EntomologyU.S. Naval Medical Research Unit. No 6.BellavistaPeru
| | - Fred Stell
- Department of EntomologyU.S. Naval Medical Research Unit. No 6.BellavistaPeru
| | - Michael Fisher
- Department of EntomologyU.S. Naval Medical Research Unit. No 6.BellavistaPeru
| | - Thomas W. Scott
- Department of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and MalariaCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Alun L. Lloyd
- Genetic Engineering and Society CenterNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
- Biomathematics Graduate Program and Department of MathematicsNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Amy Morrison
- Department of EntomologyU.S. Naval Medical Research Unit. No 6.BellavistaPeru
- Department of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Fred Gould
- Genetic Engineering and Society CenterNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Konan LY, Oumbouke WA, Silué UG, Coulibaly IZ, Ziogba JCT, N'Guessan RK, Coulibaly D, Bénié JBV, Lenhart A. Insecticide Resistance Patterns and Mechanisms in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations Across Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire Reveal Emergent Pyrethroid Resistance. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:1808-1816. [PMID: 33876233 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
From 2008 to 2017, the city of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire experienced several Aedes-borne disease epidemics which required control of the vector mosquito population based on the reduction of larval habitats and insecticidal sprays for adult mosquitoes. This study was undertaken to assess the insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in the city of Abidjan. Immature Ae. aegypti were sampled from several larval habitats within seven communes of Abidjan and reared to adults. Three to five days old F1 emerged adults were tested for susceptibility using insecticide-impregnated papers and the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) following WHO bioassay guidelines. The results showed that Ae. aegypti populations from Abidjan were resistant to 0.1% propoxur, and 1% fenitrothion, with mortality rates ranging from 0% to 54.2%. Reduced susceptibility (93.4-97.5% mortality) was observed to 0.05% deltamethrin, 0.75% permethrin, 0.05% lambda-cyhalothrin, 5% malathion, and 0.8% chlorpyrifos-methyl. This reduced susceptibility varied depending on the insecticide and the collection site. The restoration of mortality when the mosquitoes were pre-exposed to the synergist PBO suggests that increased activity of oxidases could be contributing to resistance. Three kdr mutations (V410L, V1016I, and F1534C) were present in populations tested, with low frequencies for the Leu410 (0.28) and Ile1016 (0.32) alleles and high frequencies for the Cys1534 allele (0.96). These findings will be used to inform future arbovirus vector control activities in Abidjan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Urbain Garhapié Silué
- National Institute of Public Hygiene, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Laboratory of Zoology and Animal Biology, UFR Biosciences, Felix Houphouet-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Audrey Lenhart
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Impact of deltamethrin-resistance in Aedes albopictus on its fitness cost and vector competence. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009391. [PMID: 33905415 PMCID: PMC8104426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes albopictus is one of the most invasive species in the world as well as the important vector for mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue fever, chikungunya fever and zika virus disease. Chemical control of mosquitoes is an effective method to control mosquito-borne diseases, however, the wide and improper application of insecticides for vector control has led to serious resistance problems. At present, there have been many reports on the resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in vector mosquitoes including deltamethrin to Aedes albopictus. However, the fitness cost and vector competence of deltamethrin resistant Aedes albopictus remain unknown. To understand the impact of insecticide resistant mosquito is of great significance for the prevention and control mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases. Methodology/Principal findings A laboratory resistant strain (Lab-R) of Aedes albopictus was established by deltamethrin insecticide selecting from the laboratory susceptible strain (Lab-S). The life table between the two strains were comparatively analyzed. The average development time of Lab-R and Lab-S in larvae was 9.7 days and 8.2 days (P < 0.005), and in pupae was 2.0 days and 1.8 days respectively (P > 0.05), indicating that deltamethrin resistance prolongs the larval development time of resistant mosquitoes. The average survival time of resistant adults was significantly shorter than that of susceptible adults, while the body weight of resistant female adults was significantly higher than that of the susceptible females. We also compared the vector competence for dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2) between the two strains via RT-qPCR. Considering the results of infection rate (IR) and virus load, there was no difference between the two strains during the early period of infection (4, 7, 10 day post infection (dpi)). However, in the later period of infection (14 dpi), IR and virus load in heads, salivary glands and ovaries of the resistant mosquitoes were significantly lower than those of the susceptible strain (IR of heads, salivary glands and ovaries: P < 0.05; virus load in heads and salivary glands: P < 0.05; virus load in ovaries: P < 0.001). And then, fourteen days after the DENV-2-infectious blood meal, females of the susceptible and resistant strains were allow to bite 5-day-old suckling mice. Both stains of mosquito can transmit DENV-2 to mice, but the onset of viremia was later in the mice biting by resistant group as well as lower virus copies in serum and brains, suggesting that the horizontal transmission of the resistant strain is lower than the susceptible strain. Meanwhile, we also detected IR of egg pools of the two strains on 14 dpi and found that the resistant strain were less capable of vertical transmission than susceptible mosquitoes. In addition, the average survival time of the resistant females infected with DENV-2 was 16 days, which was the shortest among the four groups of female mosquitoes, suggesting that deltamethrin resistance would shorten the life span of female Aedes albopictus infected with DENV-2. Conclusions/Significance As Aedes albopictus developing high resistance to deltamethrin, the resistance prolonged the growth and development of larvae, shorten the life span of adults, as well as reduced the vector competence of resistant Aedes albopictus for DENV-2. It can be concluded that the resistance to deltamethrin in Aedes albopictus is a double-edged sword, which not only endow the mosquito survive under the pressure of insecticide, but also increase the fitness cost and decrease its vector competence. However, Aedes albopictus resistant to deltamethrin can still complete the external incubation period and transmit dengue virus, which remains a potential vector for dengue virus transmission and becomes a threat to public health. Therefore, we should pay high attention for the problem of insecticide resistance so that to better prevent and control mosquito-borne diseases. Worldwide invasion and expansion of Aedes albopictus, the main vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, has become a serious concern in global public health. With the large use of insecticides, especially the most commonly used pyrethroid insecticides, the emergence and development of resistance in Aedes albopictus present vector control challenges. However, it is not clear whether the resistance would affect the fitness cost and vector competence of Aedes albopictus. In this study, a laboratory resistant strain of Aedes albopictus was established by selecting the susceptible strain of Aedes albopictus with deltamethrin. Comparing the resistant strain with the susceptible strain, we found that deltamethrin resistance increased the fitness cost and reduced the vector competence of DENV-2 in Aedes albopictus. These latest findings shared the light for dengue disease prevention and vector control strategies.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dalpadado R, Gunathilaka N, Amarasinghe D, Udayanaga L. A Challenge for a Unique Dengue Vector Control Programme: Assessment of the Spatial Variation of Insecticide Resistance Status amongst Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Populations in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6619175. [PMID: 33884266 PMCID: PMC8041548 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6619175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, dengue is considered an important public health problem in Sri Lanka. Irrational use of insecticides without evidence-based applications has primed the development of resistance in mosquito vectors. METHOD The present study investigated the resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides in three selected Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas (i.e., Attanagalla, Dompe, and Negombo) in Gampaha District, Western Province of Sri Lanka. Entomological surveys were performed using ovitraps and larval collections. Larval bioassays were carried out to determine the LC50, LC90, and LC95 and susceptibility status for organophosphate temephos, whereas adult bioassays were performed to test the 0.03% deltamethrin and 0.8% malathion susceptibility. RESULTS The study revealed that the temephos concentrations required to control Ae. aegypti (13.7-17.7 times) and Ae. albopictus (4.6-7.6 times) are higher than the diagnostic concentration (0.012 mg/L) proposed by the World Health Organization. The highest resistance levels were observed for both Ae. aegypti (14 ± 1.87) and Ae. albopictus (36 ± 1.87) collected from the Negombo MOH area. Therefore, the WHO recommended diagnostic concentration is no longer effective in controlling Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae in these areas. Both the dengue vectors have evolved a high level of insecticide resistance to malathion and deltamethrin in the Gampaha District except Ae. albopictus mosquitoes in rural areas. Further, vectors in rural areas are indicated susceptible (>98%) to pyrethroids and emergence of resistance (<97%) for organophosphate insecticides. CONCLUSION The results of this study warrant the vector management authorities on the proper application of insecticides and rational use in vector control. The susceptibility status of vector mosquitoes should be continuously monitored especially in dengue-endemic areas parallel to the routine surveillance programme. Further molecular studies are strongly recommended to determine the Knockdown Resistance (kdr) mutations among Aedes populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Dalpadado
- Regional Director of Health Services Office, Gampaha District, Gampaha, Sri Lanka
| | - Nayana Gunathilaka
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Deepika Amarasinghe
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Dalugama, Sri Lanka
| | - Lahiru Udayanaga
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makadura, Sri Lanka
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Burtis JC, Poggi JD, McMillan JR, Crans SC, Campbell SR, Isenberg A, Pulver J, Casey P, White K, Zondag C, Badger JR, Berger R, Betz J, Giordano S, Kawalkowski M, Petersen JL, Williams G, Andreadis TG, Armstrong PM, Harrington LC. NEVBD Pesticide Resistance Monitoring Network: Establishing a Centralized Network to Increase Regional Capacity for Pesticide Resistance Detection and Monitoring. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:787-797. [PMID: 33128057 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide resistance in arthropod vectors of disease agents is a growing issue globally. Despite the importance of resistance monitoring to inform mosquito control programs, no regional monitoring programs exist in the United States. The Northeastern Regional Center for Excellence in Vector-Borne Diseases (NEVBD) is a consortium of researchers and public health practitioners with a primary goal of supporting regional vector control activities. NEVBD initiated a pesticide resistance monitoring program to detect resistant mosquito populations throughout the northeastern United States. A regionwide survey was distributed to vector control agencies to determine needs and refine program development and in response, a specimen submission system was established, allowing agencies to submit Culex pipiens (L.) (Diptera:Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) for pesticide resistance testing. NEVBD also established larvicide resistance diagnostics for Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and methoprene. Additional diagnostics were developed for Cx. pipiens resistance to Lysinibacillus sphaericus. We received 58 survey responses, representing at least one agency from each of the 13 northeastern U.S. states. Results indicated that larvicides were deployed more frequently than adulticides, but rarely paired with resistance monitoring. Over 18,000 mosquitoes were tested from six states. Widespread low-level (1 × LC-99) methoprene resistance was detected in Cx. pipiens, but not in Ae. albopictus. No resistance to Bti or L. sphaericus was detected. Resistance to pyrethroids was detected in many locations for both species. Our results highlight the need for increased pesticide resistance testing in the United States and we provide guidance for building a centralized pesticide resistance testing program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James C Burtis
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Joseph D Poggi
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Scott C Crans
- NJDEP Office of Mosquito Control Coordination, Trenton, NJ
| | | | - Amy Isenberg
- Rockland County Department of Health, Pomona, NY
| | | | - Patti Casey
- Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food & Markets, Montpelier, VT
| | | | - Craig Zondag
- Lemon Fair Insect Control District, Weybridge, VT
| | - John R Badger
- Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, Mosquito Control Section, Milford, DE
| | - Russell Berger
- Morris County Division of Mosquito Control, Morristown, NJ
| | - John Betz
- Department of Public Works, Cumberland County Mosquito Control, Bridgeton, NJ 08302
| | | | | | - John L Petersen
- Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Boullis A, Mulatier M, Delannay C, Héry L, Verheggen F, Vega-Rúa A. Behavioural and antennal responses of Aedes aegypti (l.) (Diptera: Culicidae) gravid females to chemical cues from conspecific larvae. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247657. [PMID: 33626104 PMCID: PMC7904138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass trapping of gravid females represents one promising strategy for the development of sustainable tools against Aedes aegypti. However, this technique requires the development of effective odorant lures that can compete with natural breeding sites. The presence of conspecific larvae has been shown to stimulate oviposition. Hence, we evaluated the role of four major molecules previously identified from Ae. aegypti larvae (isovaleric, myristoleic, myristic [i.e. tetradecanoic], and pentadecanoic acids) on the oviposition of conspecific females, as well as their olfactory perception to evaluate their range of detection. Using flight cage assays, the preference of gravid females to oviposit in water that previously contained larvae (LHW) or containing the four larval compounds was evaluated. Then, compounds and doses inducing the highest stimulation were challenged for their efficacy against LHW. Only isovaleric acid elicited antennal response, suggesting that the other compounds may act as taste cues. Pentadecanoic acid induced significant oviposition stimulation, especially when dosed at 10 ppm. Myristoleic acid and isovaleric acid deterred oviposition at 10 and 100 ppm, while no effect on oviposition was observed with myristic acid irrespectively of the dose tested. When the four compounds were pooled to mimic larvae’s chemical signature, they favored oviposition at 1 ppm but negatively affected egg-laying at higher concentrations. When properly dosed, pentadecanoic acid and the blend of compounds may be promising lures for ovitraps as they could compete with LHW. Due to their low volatility, their effect should be further evaluated under field conditions, in addition with long-range attractants for developing effective tools against gravid females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Boullis
- Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Institute Pasteur of Guadeloupe–Lieu-dit Morne Jolivière, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Margaux Mulatier
- Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Institute Pasteur of Guadeloupe–Lieu-dit Morne Jolivière, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Christelle Delannay
- Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Institute Pasteur of Guadeloupe–Lieu-dit Morne Jolivière, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Lyza Héry
- Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Institute Pasteur of Guadeloupe–Lieu-dit Morne Jolivière, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
| | | | - Anubis Vega-Rúa
- Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Institute Pasteur of Guadeloupe–Lieu-dit Morne Jolivière, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Devine GJ, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Bibiano-Marín W, Pavia-Ruz N, Che-Mendoza A, Medina-Barreiro A, Villegas J, Gonzalez-Olvera G, Dunbar MW, Ong O, Ritchie SA, Churcher TS, Kirstein OD, Manrique-Saide P. The entomological impact of passive metofluthrin emanators against indoor Aedes aegypti: A randomized field trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009036. [PMID: 33497375 PMCID: PMC7864418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the absence of vaccines or drugs, insecticides are the mainstay of Aedes-borne disease control. Their utility is challenged by the slow deployment of resources, poor community compliance and inadequate household coverage. Novel application methods are required. Methodology and principal findings A 10% w/w metofluthrin “emanator” that passively disseminates insecticide from an impregnated net was evaluated in a randomized trial of 200 houses in Mexico. The devices were introduced at a rate of 1 per room and replaced at 3-week intervals. During each of 7 consecutive deployment cycles, indoor resting mosquitoes were sampled using aspirator collections. Assessments of mosquito landing behaviours were made in a subset of houses. Pre-treatment, there were no differences in Aedes aegypti indices between houses recruited to the control and treatment arms. Immediately after metofluthrin deployment, the entomological indices between the trial arms diverged. Averaged across the trial, there were significant reductions in Abundance Rate Ratios for total Ae. aegypti, female abundance and females that contained blood meals (2.5, 2.4 and 2.3-times fewer mosquitoes respectively; P<0.001). Average efficacy was 60.2% for total adults, 58.3% for females, and 57.2% for blood-fed females. The emanators also reduced mosquito landings by 90% from 12.5 to 1.2 per 10-minute sampling period (P<0.05). Homozygous forms of the pyrethroid resistant kdr alleles V410L, V1016L and F1534C were common in the target mosquito population; found in 39%, 24% and 95% of mosquitoes collected during the trial. Conclusions/Significance This is the first randomized control trial to evaluate the entomological impact of any volatile pyrethroid on urban Ae. aegypti. It demonstrates that volatile pyrethroids can have a sustained impact on Ae. aegypti population densities and human-vector contact indoors. These effects occur despite the presence of pyrethroid-resistant alleles in the target population. Formulations like these may have considerable utility for public health vector control responses. Insecticidal control tools are heavily relied on for the control of mosquito-borne viruses such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika, but the logistics associated with conventional insecticide use (e.g. space sprays and residual formulations) are challenging. Considerable time and resources are required to treat household interiors; an impediment exacerbated by the difficulty in gaining entrance to households, and sometimes by limited compliance in the community. Another constraint to effective insecticide use is that many mosquito populations are resistant to the chemicals used. Volatile pyrethroids, exhibiting both lethal and behavioural effects on mosquitoes are available in formulations that release insecticides passively to the air, at room temperature. These may be suitable for deployment in houses with the aim of creating “bite-free” spaces. By removing the need for conventional application methods, these devices might be rapidly deployed with minimum disruption to households. This is the first large-scale, randomized control trial to evaluate the entomological impacts of volatile pyrethroids in an urban environment. Using metofluthrin as an example, we confirm that some formulations have a significant impact on Aedes aegypti densities and landing behaviour indoors. These effects occur despite the presence of pyrethroid-resistance alleles associated with conventional insecticide resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor J Devine
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Wilbert Bibiano-Marín
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias. Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Norma Pavia-Ruz
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Azael Che-Mendoza
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias. Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Anuar Medina-Barreiro
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias. Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Josue Villegas
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias. Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Gabriela Gonzalez-Olvera
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias. Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Mike W Dunbar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Oselyne Ong
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott A Ritchie
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Cairns, Australia
| | - Thomas S Churcher
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar D Kirstein
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias. Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vasantha-Srinivasan P, Karthi S, Ganesan R, Senthil-Nathan S, Krutmuang P, Chellappandian M, Radhakrishnan N, Ponsankar A, Karthick K, Nelofer AR. The efficacy of methanolic extract of Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. (Meliaceae) and a commercial insecticide against laboratory and field strains of Aedes aegypti (Linn.) and their impact on its predator Toxorhnchites splendens. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
27
|
Chellappandian M, Senthil-Nathan S, Vasantha-Srinivasan P, Karthi S, Kalaivani K, Hunter WB, Ali HM, Salem MZM, Abdel-Megeed A. Volatile toxin of Limonia acidissima (L.) produced larvicidal, developmental, repellent, and adulticidal toxicity effects on Aedes aegypti (L.). TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1851723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muthiah Chellappandian
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sengodan Karthi
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Kandaswamy Kalaivani
- Department of Zoology, Post Graduate and Research Centre, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Wayne Brian Hunter
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Timber Trees Research Department, Agriculture Research Center, Horticulture Research Institute, Sabahia Horticulture Research Station, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z. M. Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Megeed
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti in Bangladesh. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:622. [PMID: 33317603 PMCID: PMC7734861 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arboviral diseases, including dengue and chikungunya, are major public health concerns in Bangladesh where there have been unprecedented levels of transmission reported in recent years. The primary approach to control these diseases is to control the vector Aedes aegypti using pyrethroid insecticides. Although chemical control has long been practiced, no comprehensive analysis of Ae. aegypti susceptibility to insecticides has been conducted to date. The aim of this study was to determine the insecticide resistance status of Ae. aegypti in Bangladesh and investigate the role of detoxification enzymes and altered target site sensitivity as resistance mechanisms. Methods Eggs of Aedes mosquitoes were collected using ovitraps from five districts across Bangladesh and in eight neighborhoods of the capital city Dhaka, from August to November 2017. CDC bottle bioassays were conducted for permethrin, deltamethrin, malathion, and bendiocarb using 3- to 5-day-old F0–F2 non-blood-fed female mosquitoes. Biochemical assays were conducted to detect metabolic resistance mechanisms, and real-time PCR was performed to determine the frequencies of the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations Gly1016, Cys1534, and Leu410. Results High levels of resistance to permethrin were detected in all Ae. aegypti populations, with mortality ranging from 0 to 14.8% at the diagnostic dose. Substantial resistance continued to be detected against higher (2×) doses of permethrin (5.1–44.4% mortality). Susceptibility to deltamethrin and malathion varied between populations while complete susceptibility to bendiocarb was observed in all populations. Significantly higher levels of esterase and oxidase activity were detected in most of the test populations as compared to the susceptible reference Rockefeller strain. A significant association was detected between permethrin resistance and the presence of Gly1016 and Cys1534 homozygotes. The frequency of kdr (knockdown resistance) alleles varied across the Dhaka Aedes populations. Leu410 was not detected in any of the tested populations. Conclusions The detection of widespread pyrethroid resistance and multiple resistance mechanisms highlights the urgency for implementing alternate Ae. aegypti control strategies. In addition, implementing routine monitoring of insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti in Bangladesh will lead to a greater understanding of susceptibility trends over space and time, thereby enabling the development of improved control strategies.![]()
Collapse
|
29
|
Dzib-Florez S, Ponce-García G, Medina-Barreiro A, González-Olvera G, Contreras-Perera Y, Del Castillo-Centeno F, Ahmed AMM, Che-Mendoza A, McCall PJ, Vazquez-Prokopec G, Manrique-Saide P. Evaluating Over-the-Counter Household Insecticide Aerosols for Rapid Vector Control of Pyrethroid-Resistant Aedes aegypti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:2108-2112. [PMID: 32748782 PMCID: PMC7646803 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector control methods that mobilize and impact rapidly during dengue, Zika, and chikungunya outbreaks are urgently needed in urban contexts. We investigated whether one person using a handheld aerosolized insecticide could achieve efficacy levels comparable to targeted indoor residual spraying (TIRS), using pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti in a semi-field setting with experimental houses in Mexico. The insecticide product (H24, a carbamate and pyrethroid mixture), available over-the-counter locally, was sprayed only on known Ae. aegypti-resting surfaces, for example, walls less than 1.5 m and dark hidden areas. In six identical houses with paired bedrooms, one bedroom was treated, and the other remained an untreated control. Each week for 8 weeks, 100 female pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti were released in each bedroom and followed up daily. Mortality rates in treated bedrooms exceeded 90% for at least 2 weeks, and more than 80% (89.2; 95% CI: 79.98-98.35) for 3 weeks or more. Mortality rates in control houses were zero. Results demonstrate that the immediate impact of TIRS can be delivered by one person using existing products, at an estimated cost for the average household in Mexico of under US$3 per month. Triggered by early outbreak signs, dissemination via community hubs and mass/social media of instructions to treat the home immediately, with monthly re-treatment thereafter, provides a simple means to engage and empower householders. Compatible with integrated vector management strategies, it enables self-protection even if existing agencies falter, a situation exemplified by the potential impact on vector control of the restrictions imposed during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Dzib-Florez
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Gustavo Ponce-García
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, México
| | - Anuar Medina-Barreiro
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Gabriela González-Olvera
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
- Servicios de Salud de Yucatán (SSY), Mérida, México
| | - Yamili Contreras-Perera
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Felipe Del Castillo-Centeno
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Ahmed M. M. Ahmed
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
- Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Azael Che-Mendoza
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Philip J. McCall
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Manrique-Saide P, Dean NE, Halloran ME, Longini IM, Collins MH, Waller LA, Gomez-Dantes H, Lenhart A, Hladish TJ, Che-Mendoza A, Kirstein OD, Romer Y, Correa-Morales F, Palacio-Vargas J, Mendez-Vales R, Pérez PG, Pavia-Ruz N, Ayora-Talavera G, Vazquez-Prokopec GM. The TIRS trial: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of preventive targeted indoor residual spraying to reduce Aedes-borne viral illnesses in Merida, Mexico. Trials 2020; 21:839. [PMID: 33032661 PMCID: PMC7542575 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current urban vector control strategies have failed to contain dengue epidemics and to prevent the global expansion of Aedes-borne viruses (ABVs: dengue, chikungunya, Zika). Part of the challenge in sustaining effective ABV control emerges from the paucity of evidence regarding the epidemiological impact of any Aedes control method. A strategy for which there is limited epidemiological evidence is targeted indoor residual spraying (TIRS). TIRS is a modification of classic malaria indoor residual spraying that accounts for Aedes aegypti resting behavior by applying residual insecticides on exposed lower sections of walls (< 1.5 m), under furniture, and on dark surfaces. METHODS/DESIGN We are pursuing a two-arm, parallel, unblinded, cluster randomized controlled trial to quantify the overall efficacy of TIRS in reducing the burden of laboratory-confirmed ABV clinical disease (primary endpoint). The trial will be conducted in the city of Merida, Yucatan State, Mexico (population ~ 1million), where we will prospectively follow 4600 children aged 2-15 years at enrollment, distributed in 50 clusters of 5 × 5 city blocks each. Clusters will be randomly allocated (n = 25 per arm) using covariate-constrained randomization. A "fried egg" design will be followed, in which all blocks of the 5 × 5 cluster receive the intervention, but all sampling to evaluate the epidemiological and entomological endpoints will occur in the "yolk," the center 3 × 3 city blocks of each cluster. TIRS will be implemented as a preventive application (~ 1-2 months prior to the beginning of the ABV season). Active monitoring for symptomatic ABV illness will occur through weekly household visits and enhanced surveillance. Annual sero-surveys will be performed after each transmission season and entomological evaluations of Ae. aegypti indoor abundance and ABV infection rates monthly during the period of active surveillance. Epidemiological and entomological evaluation will continue for up to three transmission seasons. DISCUSSION The findings from this study will provide robust epidemiological evidence of the efficacy of TIRS in reducing ABV illness and infection. If efficacious, TIRS could drive a paradigm shift in Aedes control by considering Ae. aegypti behavior to guide residual insecticide applications and changing deployment to preemptive control (rather than in response to symptomatic cases), two major enhancements to existing practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04343521 . Registered on 13 April 2020. The protocol also complies with the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (Additional file 1). PRIMARY SPONSOR National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Mexico
| | - Natalie E Dean
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Halloran
- Center for Inference and Dynamics of Infectious Diseases, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ira M Longini
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Matthew H Collins
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, GA, 30030, USA
| | - Lance A Waller
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Hector Gomez-Dantes
- Health Systems Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas J Hladish
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Azael Che-Mendoza
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Mexico
| | - Oscar D Kirstein
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Math and Science Center, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, 5th floor, Suite E530, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yamila Romer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Math and Science Center, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, 5th floor, Suite E530, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Fabian Correa-Morales
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE) Secretaría de Salud Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Norma Pavia-Ruz
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo M Vazquez-Prokopec
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Math and Science Center, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, 5th floor, Suite E530, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Oumbouke WA, Pignatelli P, Barreaux AMG, Tia IZ, Koffi AA, Ahoua Alou LP, Sternberg ED, Thomas MB, Weetman D, N'Guessan R. Fine scale spatial investigation of multiple insecticide resistance and underlying target-site and metabolic mechanisms in Anopheles gambiae in central Côte d'Ivoire. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15066. [PMID: 32934291 PMCID: PMC7493912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Routine monitoring of occurrence, levels and mechanisms of insecticide resistance informs effective management strategies, and should be used to assess the effect of new tools on resistance. As part of a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating a novel insecticide-based intervention in central Côte d’Ivoire, we assessed resistance and its underlying mechanisms in Anopheles gambiae populations from a subset of trial villages. Resistance to multiple insecticides in An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii was detected across villages, with dose–response assays demonstrating extremely high resistance intensity to the pyrethroid deltamethrin (> 1,500-fold), and mortality following exposure to pyrethroid-treated bednets was low (< 30% mortality in cone bioassays). The 1014F kdr mutation was almost fixed (≥ 90%) in all villages but the 1575Y kdr-amplifying mutation was relatively rare (< 15%). The carbamate and organophosphate resistance-associated Ace-1 G119S mutation was also detected at moderate frequencies (22–43%). Transcriptome analysis identified overexpression of P450 genes known to confer pyrethroid resistance (Cyp9K1, Cyp6P3, and Cyp6M2), and also a carboxylesterase (COEAE1F) as major candidates. Cyp6P3 expression was high but variable (up to 33-fold) and correlated positively with deltamethrin resistance intensity across villages (r2 = 0.78, P = 0.02). Tools and strategies to mitigate the extreme and multiple resistance provided by these mechanisms are required in this area to avoid future control failures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Welbeck A Oumbouke
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. .,Institut Pierre Richet (IPR), Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Patricia Pignatelli
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
| | - Antoine M G Barreaux
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Innocent Z Tia
- Institut Pierre Richet (IPR), Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Alphonsine A Koffi
- Institut Pierre Richet (IPR), Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Ludovic P Ahoua Alou
- Institut Pierre Richet (IPR), Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Eleanore D Sternberg
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Matthew B Thomas
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - David Weetman
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
| | - Raphael N'Guessan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Institut Pierre Richet (IPR), Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Richards RL, Cleveland CA, Hall RJ, Tchindebet Ouakou P, Park AW, Ruiz-Tiben E, Weiss A, Yabsley MJ, Ezenwa VO. Identifying correlates of Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis) infection in domestic dog populations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008620. [PMID: 32925916 PMCID: PMC7515199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Few human infectious diseases have been driven as close to eradication as dracunculiasis, caused by the Guinea worm parasite (Dracunculus medinensis). The number of human cases of Guinea worm decreased from an estimated 3.5 million in 1986 to mere hundreds by the 2010s. In Chad, domestic dogs were diagnosed with Guinea worm for the first time in 2012, and the numbers of infected dogs have increased annually. The presence of the parasite in a non-human host now challenges efforts to eradicate D. medinensis, making it critical to understand the factors that correlate with infection in dogs. In this study, we evaluated anthropogenic and environmental factors most predictive of detection of D. medinensis infection in domestic dog populations in Chad. Using boosted regression tree models to identify covariates of importance for predicting D. medinensis infection at the village and spatial hotspot levels, while controlling for surveillance intensity, we found that the presence of infection in a village was predicted by a combination of demographic (e.g. fishing village identity, dog population size), geographic (e.g. local variation in elevation), and climatic (e.g. precipitation and temperature) factors, which differed between northern and southern villages. In contrast, the presence of a village in a spatial infection hotspot, was primarily predicted by geography and climate. Our findings suggest that factors intrinsic to individual villages are highly predictive of the detection of Guinea worm parasite presence, whereas village membership in a spatial infection hotspot is largely determined by location and climate. This study provides new insight into the landscape-scale epidemiology of a debilitating parasite and can be used to more effectively target ongoing research and possibly eradication and control efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Richards
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Cleveland
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Hall
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Andrew W. Park
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Adam Weiss
- The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Yabsley
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Vanessa O. Ezenwa
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Melo Costa M, Campos KB, Brito LP, Roux E, Melo Rodovalho C, Bellinato DF, Lima JBP, Martins AJ. Kdr genotyping in Aedes aegypti from Brazil on a nation-wide scale from 2017 to 2018. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13267. [PMID: 32764661 PMCID: PMC7414026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Insecticide resistance is currently a threat to the control of Aedes agypti, the main vector of arboviruses in urban centers. Mutations in the voltage gated sodium channel (NaV), known as kdr (knockdown resistance), constitute an important selection mechanism for resistance against pyrethroids. In the present study, we investigated the kdr distribution for the Val1016Ile and Phe1534Cys alterations in Ae. aegypti from 123 Brazilian municipalities, based on SNP genotyping assays in over 5,500 mosquitoes. The alleles NaVS (1016Val+ + 1534Phe+), NaVR1 (1016Val+ + 1534Cyskdr) and NaVR2 (1016Ilekdr + 1534Cyskdr) were consistently observed, whereas kdr alleles have rapidly spread and increased in frequency. NaVS was the less frequent allele, mostly found in Northeastern populations. The highest allelic frequencies were observed for NaVR1, especially in the North, which was fixed in one Amazonian population. The double kdr NaVR2 was more prevalent in the Central-west and South-eastern populations. We introduce the 'kdr index', which revealed significant spatial patterns highlighting two to three distinct Brazilian regions. The 410L kdr mutation was additionally evaluated in 25 localities, evidencing that it generally occurs in the NaVR2 allele. This nationwide screening of a genetic mechanism for insecticide resistance is an important indication on how pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti is evolving in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Melo Costa
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kauara Brito Campos
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância de Aboviroses, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Brito
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Roux
- ESPACE-DEV, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Université de La Réunion, Université de la Guyane and Université des Antilles, Montpellier, France
- Laboratório Misto Internacional "Sentinela", FIOCRUZ, UnB, IRD, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cynara Melo Rodovalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo Fernandes Bellinato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Laboratório Misto Internacional "Sentinela", FIOCRUZ, UnB, IRD, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Universidade federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pinch M, Rodriguez SD, Mitra S, Kandel Y, Moore E, Hansen IA. Low Levels of Pyrethroid Resistance in Hybrid Offspring of a Highly Resistant and a More Susceptible Mosquito Strain. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5866135. [PMID: 32610346 PMCID: PMC7329315 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of insecticides has been a central approach to control disease-transmitting mosquitoes for the last century. The high prevalence of pyrethroid use as public health insecticides has resulted in the evolution of pyrethroid resistance in many populations of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae), throughout its global distribution range. Insecticide resistance is often correlated with an associated fitness cost. In this project, we studied the phenotypes of hybrid mosquitoes derived from crossing a pyrethroid-resistant strain of Ae. aegypti (Puerto Rico [PR]) with a more susceptible one (Rockefeller [ROCK]). We first sequenced and compared the para gene of both original strains. We then crossed males from one strain with females of the other, creating two hybrids (Puertofeller, Rockorico). We used a Y-tube choice assay to measure the attraction of these strains towards a human host. We then compared the levels of pyrethroid resistance in the different strains. We found three known resistance mutations in the para gene sequence of the PR strain. In our attraction assays, PR females showed lower attraction to humans, than the ROCK females. Both hybrid strains showed strong attraction to a human host. In the insecticide resistance bottle assays, both hybrid strains showed marginal increases in resistance to permethrin compared to the more susceptible ROCK strain. These results suggest that hybrids of sensitive and permethrin-resistant mosquitoes have an incremental advantage compared to more susceptible mosquitoes when challenged with permethrin. This explains the rapid spread of permethrin resistance that was observed many times in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pinch
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | | | - Soumi Mitra
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Yashoda Kandel
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Emily Moore
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
- Current address: Department of Pediatrics – Occupational Therapy, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106
| | - Immo A Hansen
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Guedes RNC, Beins K, Navarro Costa D, Coelho GE, Bezerra HSDS. Patterns of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti: meta-analyses of surveys in Latin America and the Caribbean. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2144-2157. [PMID: 31957156 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The re-emergence of worldwide concern with arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) draws increasing attention to their mosquito vectors, particularly Aedes aegypti, whose control heavily rely on insecticide use. As a consequence, insecticide resistance is frequent, but the general patterns of occurrence, cross-resistance and prevailing mechanisms remain unrecognized in some areas such as the Neotropical region. Thus, we sought here to recognize the general trends and patterns of insecticide resistance in Latin America and the Caribbean. A systematic literature review (2008-2018) aimed the data-gathering for the region and meta-analyses to address the stated knowledge gap. RESULTS A high incidence of insecticide resistance prevails in the mosquito populations of the region. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), temephos and deltamethrin were the main insecticides evaluated and the meta-analyses indicate a high frequency of DDT-resistant populations (86.7 ± 0.1%), followed by temephos (75.7 ± 0.1%) and deltamethrin (33.0 ± 0.1%). No evidence of cross-resistance was detected among these three insecticides, and the V1016I knockdown (KDR) site mutation does not explain the patterns of deltamethrin resistance in the region. CONCLUSION Resistance to DDT, temephos and deltamethrin is serious and widespread, and there is no cross-resistance among them. Altered target site sensitivity is not the main pyrethroid resistance mechanism, which is likely due to a mix of mechanisms. Therefore, the replacement of deltamethrin and particularly temephos in the region by alternative insecticides is an important resistance management recommendation, but should be done with compounds out of the cross-resistance spectrum for these populations and insecticides. Nonetheless, the non-recognition of the prevalent resistance mechanisms in the region makes this suggestion more difficult to apply and invites more broad-scale studies of resistance mechanisms to fill this knowledge gap and improve the resistance management recommendations. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaley Beins
- Division of Health and Environment, Abt Associates, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Dennis Navarro Costa
- Department of Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health, Neglected, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Pan-American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Giovanini E Coelho
- Department of Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health, Neglected, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Pan-American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Haroldo Sérgio da S Bezerra
- Department of Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health, Neglected, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Pan-American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen M, Du Y, Nomura Y, Zhorov BS, Dong K. Chronology of sodium channel mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 104:e21686. [PMID: 32378259 PMCID: PMC8060125 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary mosquito vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya. Current strategies to control Ae. aegypti rely heavily on insecticide interventions. Pyrethroids are a major class of insecticides used for mosquito control because of their fast acting, highly insecticidal activities and low mammalian toxicity. However, Ae. aegypti populations around the world have begun to develop resistance to pyrethroids. So far, more than a dozen mutations in the sodium channel gene have been reported to be associated with pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti. Co-occurrence of resistance-associated mutations is common in pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti populations. As global use of pyrethroids in mosquito control continues, new pyrethroid-resistant mutations keep emerging. In this microreview, we compile pyrethroid resistance-associated mutations in Ae. aegypti in a chronological order, as they were reported, and summarize findings from functional evaluation of these mutations in an in vitro sodium channel expression system. We hope that the information will be useful for tracing possible evolution of pyrethroid resistance in this important human disease vector, in addition to the development of methods for global monitoring and management of pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of life sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhe Du
- USDA-ARS, Biological Control of Pest Research Unit, 59 Lee Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Yoshiko Nomura
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Boris S. Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mundis SJ, Estep AS, Waits CM, Ryan SJ. Spatial variation in the frequency of knockdown resistance genotypes in Florida Aedes aegypti populations. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:241. [PMID: 32393364 PMCID: PMC7216362 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of insecticide resistance in disease-vectoring mosquito species can lead to vector control failure and disease resurgence. However, insecticide applications remain an essential public health intervention. In Florida, insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti, an anthropophilic mosquito species capable of transmitting dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus, is a major concern. Understanding the location, scale, and driving factors of insecticide resistance can enhance the ability of vector control organizations to target populations effectively. METHODS We used previously collected data on frequencies of mutations that confer resistance to commonly used pyrethroid insecticides in Ae. aegypti specimens from 62 sites distributed across 18 counties in Florida. To determine the scale of clustering for the most resistant variant, we used a Ripley's K function. We also used a spatial scanning statistic technique to identify locations of clusters where higher than expected frequencies of susceptible or resistant mosquitoes occurred. We then tested for associations between landscape, demographic, and insecticide-use factors using a beta regression modelling approach and evaluated the effect of spatial lag and spatial error terms on overall explanatory power of these models. RESULTS The scale at which maximum clustering of the most resistant variant occurs is approximately 20 kilometers. We identified statistically significant clusters of genotypes associated with resistance in several coastal cities, although some of these clusters were near significant clusters of susceptible mosquitoes, indicating selection pressures vary at the local scale. Vegetation density, distance from roads, and pyrethroid-use by vector control districts were consistently significant predictors of knockdown resistance genotype frequency in the top-performing beta regression models, although pyrethroid use surprisingly had a negatively associated with resistance. The incorporation of spatial lags resulted in improvements to the fit and explanatory power of the models, indicating an underlying diffusion process likely explains some of the spatial patterns observed. CONCLUSIONS The genetic mutations that confer resistance to pyrethroids in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in Florida exhibit spatial autocorrelation and patterns that can be partially explained by landscape and insecticide-use factors. Further work at local scales should be able to identify the mechanisms by which these variables influence selection for alleles associated with resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Mundis
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
| | - Alden S. Estep
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, R&D Department, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
| | - Christy M. Waits
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, R&D Department, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
| | - Sadie J. Ryan
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Contreras-Perera Y, Ponce-Garcia G, Villanueva-Segura K, Lopez-Monroy B, Rodríguez-Sanchez IP, Lenhart A, Manrique-Saide P, Flores AE. Impact of deltamethrin selection on kdr mutations and insecticide detoxifying enzymes in Aedes aegypti from Mexico. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:224. [PMID: 32375862 PMCID: PMC7201803 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insecticide resistance is a serious problem for vector control programmes worldwide. Resistance is commonly attributed to mutations at the insecticide’s target site or increased activity of detoxification enzymes. Methods We determined the knockdown concentration (KC50) and lethal concentration (LC50) of deltamethrin in six natural populations of adult Aedes aegypti from southeastern Mexico. These populations were then selected over five generations using the LC50 from the preceding generation that underwent selection, and the heritability of deltamethrin resistance was quantified. For each generation, we also determined the frequency of the kdr alleles L410, I1016 and C1534, and the levels of activity of three enzyme families (α- and β-esterases, mixed-function oxidases and glutathione S-transferases (GST)) associated with insecticide detoxification. Results There was an increase in KC50 and LC50 values in the subsequent generations of selection with deltamethrin (FS5vs FS0). According to the resistance ratios (RRs), we detected increases in LC50 ranging from 1.5 to 5.6 times the values of the parental generation and in KC50 ranging from 1.3–3.8 times the values of the parental generation. Triple homozygous mutant individuals (tri-locus, LL/II/CC) were present in the parental generations and increased in frequency after selection. The frequency of L410 increased from 1.18-fold to 2.63-fold after selection with deltamethrin (FS5vs FS0) in the populations analyzed; for I1016 an increase between 1.19-fold to 2.79-fold was observed, and C1534 was fixed in all populations after deltamethrin selection. Enzymatic activity varied significantly over the generations of selection. However, only α- esterase activity remained elevated in multiple populations after five generations of deltamethrin selection. We observed an increase in the mean activity levels of GSTs in two of the six populations analyzed. Conclusions The high levels of resistance and their association with high frequencies of kdr mutations (V410L, V1016I and F1534C) obtained through artificial selection, suggest an important role of these mutations in conferring resistance to deltamethrin. We highlight the need to implement strategies that involve the monitoring of kdr frequencies in insecticide resistance monitoring and management programmes.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamili Contreras-Perera
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Cd, Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., CP. 66455, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ponce-Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Cd, Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., CP. 66455, Mexico
| | - Karina Villanueva-Segura
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Cd, Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., CP. 66455, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Lopez-Monroy
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Cd, Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., CP. 66455, Mexico
| | - Iram P Rodríguez-Sanchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Cd, Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., CP. 66455, Mexico
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Campus de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Adriana E Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Cd, Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., CP. 66455, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zardkoohi A, Castañeda D, Lol JC, Castillo C, Lopez F, Marín Rodriguez R, Padilla N. Co-occurrence of kdr Mutations V1016I and F1534C and Its Association With Phenotypic Resistance to Pyrethroids in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations From Costa Rica. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:830-836. [PMID: 31891404 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is considered the most important mosquito vector species for several arboviruses (e.g., dengue, chikungunya, Zika) in Costa Rica. The primary strategy for the control and prevention of Aedes-borne diseases relies on insecticide-based vector control. However, the emergence of insecticide resistance in the mosquito populations presents a significant threat to these prevention actions. The characterization of the mechanisms driving the insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti is vital for decision making in vector control programs. Therefore, we analyzed the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene for the presence of the V1016I and F1534C kdr mutations in Ae. aegypti populations from Puntarenas and Limon provinces, Costa Rica. The CDC bottle bioassays showed that both Costa Rican Ae. aegypti populations were resistant to permethrin and deltamethrin. In the case of kdr genotyping, results revealed the co-occurrence of V1016I and F1534C mutations in permethrin and deltamethrin-resistant populations, as well as the fixation of the 1534C allele. A strong association between these mutations and permethrin and deltamethrin resistance was found in Puntarenas. Limon did not show this association; however, our results indicate that the Limon population analyzed is not under the same selective pressure as Puntarenas for the VGSC gene. Therefore, our findings make an urgent call to expand the knowledge about the insecticide resistance status and mechanisms in the Costa Rican populations of Ae. aegypti, which must be a priority to develop an effective resistance management plan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aryana Zardkoohi
- Centro Nacional de Referencia en Entomología, Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud, Apartado Postal 4-2250, Tres Ríos, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - David Castañeda
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Vectores, Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (CES-UVG), 18 Avenida 11-95, Zona 15, Vista Hermosa III, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Juan C Lol
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Vectores, Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (CES-UVG), 18 Avenida 11-95, Zona 15, Vista Hermosa III, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Carmen Castillo
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Vectores, Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (CES-UVG), 18 Avenida 11-95, Zona 15, Vista Hermosa III, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Francisco Lopez
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Vectores, Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (CES-UVG), 18 Avenida 11-95, Zona 15, Vista Hermosa III, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | | | - Norma Padilla
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Vectores, Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (CES-UVG), 18 Avenida 11-95, Zona 15, Vista Hermosa III, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Borrero-Landazabal MA, Duque JE, Mendez-Sanchez SC. Model to design insecticides against Aedes aegypti using in silico and in vivo analysis of different pharmacological targets. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 229:108664. [PMID: 31707089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Compounds having insecticidal activity can be used to control Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, a major worldwide vector, and several plants have a source of such molecules. A principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to determine the criterion to select larvicidal metabolites. The insecticidal activity of seven selected metabolites by PCA was validated by determining its lethal concentrations 50 (LC50) by probit analysis. Six of the seven evaluated molecules presented LC50 values <100 ppm. The effects of these six molecules on acetylcholinesterase and the respiratory chain complexes of the mitochondria of Ae. aegypti were evaluated. Four metabolites presenting the highest inhibition effects on these targets were mixed in 11 different combinations, and the percentage of mortality of each mixture on Ae. aegypti larvae were determined. Secondary metabolites such as geranyl acetate, α-humulene, β-caryophyllene, geraniol, nerol, and n-octanol presented LC50 values under 100 ppm (44, 41, 48, 84, 87, and 98 ppm, respectively), whereas 1,8-cineole presented a LC50 value of 183 ppm. We found that, geranyl acetate, α-humulene, β-caryophyllene, nerol, n-octanol, and geraniol inhibited at least one of the six targets with an efficiency between 25 and 41%. Overall, the evaluation of the different mixtures revealed a synergistic effect between geranyl acetate and geraniol, and an antagonistic effect between α-humulene and β-caryophyllene compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra A Borrero-Landazabal
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga A.A. 678, Colombia; Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - CINTROP, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander Parque Tecnológico y de Investigaciones Guatiguara, Km 2 Vía El Refugio, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia
| | - Jonny E Duque
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - CINTROP, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander Parque Tecnológico y de Investigaciones Guatiguara, Km 2 Vía El Refugio, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia.
| | - Stelia C Mendez-Sanchez
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga A.A. 678, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Latent Infectious Capacities of Dengue Fever: Mathematical Modeling and Eco-Friendly Prevention Strategy. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this article is to propose a method for exploring the latent values about the capacities of spreading dengue for each potential site. First, a mathematical model connecting the observable public data and the capacities of spreading dengue is provided based on the split feasibility problem (SFP). Then, a proper iterative scheme for the SFP is presented to approach the values of infectious capacities (ICs) of potential sites—the capacities of spreading. The performance of our proposed method is demonstrated using public data from Kaohsiung City for 2014 and 2015. The results presented in this paper show that our proposed method is reliable and the sites with a high capacity of spreading are only a small portion of thousands of all potential sites and could be an alternative strategy for preventing the outbreak of dengue fever whilst also avoiding the damage of ecosystems caused by chemical insecticides.
Collapse
|
42
|
Correa-Morales F, Riestra-Morales M, Bibiano-Marín W, Dzul-Manzanilla F, Del Castillo-Centeno LF, Palacio-Vargas JA, Che-Mendoza A, Gonzalez-Olvera G, Lopez-Monroy B, Vazquez-Prokopec G, Manrique-Saide P. Bioefficacy of Two Nonpyrethroid Insecticides for Targeted Indoor Residual Spraying Against Pyrethroid-Resistant Aedes aegypti. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2019; 35:291-294. [PMID: 31922939 DOI: 10.2987/19-6866.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy of bendiocarb (Ficam W® 80%) and pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic 300CS® 28.16%), applied to different surfaces potentially sprayable within houses during the application of a targeted indoor residual spraying (TIRS) against a field pyrethroid-resistant strain of Aedes aegypti. Bioassays with cones were performed on cement (walls), wood (doors), and textile (cloth) surfaces within typical houses in the Mexican city of Merida (n = 10). Optimal residual efficacy (>80% of mean mortality) of bendiocarb ranged from 3 months (cement) to 2 months (wood and textiles). Residual efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl ranged from 5 months (cement) to 2 months (wood and textiles). Both insecticides proved to be effective as adulticides against field Ae. aegypti and may be useful in mosquito control programs implementing TIRS with pyrethroid-resistant populations.
Collapse
|
43
|
Contreras-Perera YJ, Briceño-Mendez M, Flores-Suárez AE, Manrique-Saide P, Palacio-Vargas JA, Huerta-Jimenez H, Martin-Park A. New Record of Aedes albopictus In A Suburban Area Of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2019; 35:210-213. [PMID: 31647708 DOI: 10.2987/18-6797.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A survey was carried out in 51 households within a suburban area of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, for 5 consecutive days. Adult collections were performed using Prokopack aspirators (indoors) and human-landing mosquito catches (HLC) outdoors, and larval sites (artificial containers) were revised for larvae collection. A total of 259 Aedes albopictus were collected, 246 from artificial larval sites, 8 by indoor aspiration, and 5 by HLC. This is the first record of Ae. albopictus in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.
Collapse
|
44
|
Matowo NS, Abbasi S, Munhenga G, Tanner M, Mapua SA, Oullo D, Koekemoer LL, Kaindoa E, Ngowo HS, Coetzee M, Utzinger J, Okumu FO. Fine-scale spatial and temporal variations in insecticide resistance in Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes in rural south-eastern Tanzania. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:413. [PMID: 31443737 PMCID: PMC6708135 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Culex mosquitoes cause considerable biting nuisance and sporadic transmission of arboviral and filarial diseases. METHODS Using standard World Health Organization procedures, insecticide resistance profiles and underlying mechanisms were investigated during dry and wet seasons of 2015 and 2016 in Culex pipiens complex from three neighbouring administrative wards in Ulanga District, Tanzania. Synergist tests with piperonyl butoxide, diethyl maleate, and triphenyl phosphate, were employed to investigate mechanisms of the observed resistance phenotypes. Proportional biting densities of Culex species, relative to other taxa, were determined from indoor surveillance data collected in 2012, 2013, and 2015. RESULTS Insecticide resistance varied significantly between wards and seasons. For example, female mosquitoes in one ward were susceptible to bendiocarb and fenitrothion in the wet season, but resistant during the dry season, while in neighbouring ward, the mosquitoes were fully susceptible to these pesticides in both seasons. Similar variations occurred against bendiocarb, DDT, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin. Surprisingly, with the exception of one ward in the wet season, the Culex populations were susceptible to permethrin, commonly used on bednets in the area. No insecticide resistance was observed against the organophosphates, pirimiphos-methyl and malathion, except for one incident of reduced susceptibility in the dry season. Synergist assays revealed possible involvement of monooxygenases, esterases, and glutathione S-transferase in pyrethroid and DDT resistance. Morphology-based identification and molecular assays of adult Culex revealed that 94% were Cx. pipiens complex, of which 81% were Cx. quinquefasciatus, 2% Cx. pipiens, and 3% hybrids. About 14% of the specimens were non-amplified during molecular identifications. Female adults collected indoors were 100% Cx. pipiens complex, and constituted 79% of the overall biting risk. CONCLUSIONS The Cx. pipiens complex constituted the greatest biting nuisance inside people's houses, and showed resistance to most public health insecticides possible. Resistance varied at a fine geographical scale, between adjacent wards, and seasons, which warrants some modifications to current insecticide resistance monitoring strategies. Resistance phenotypes are partly mediated by metabolic mechanisms, but require further evaluation through biochemical and molecular techniques. The high densities and resistance in Culex could negatively influence the acceptability of other interventions such as those used against malaria mosquitoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S. Matowo
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Said Abbasi
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Givemore Munhenga
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Wits/SAMRC Collaborating Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Research on Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic & Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marcel Tanner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salum A. Mapua
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - David Oullo
- US Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Lizette L. Koekemoer
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Wits/SAMRC Collaborating Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Research on Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic & Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Emanuel Kaindoa
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Halfan S. Ngowo
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maureen Coetzee
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Wits/SAMRC Collaborating Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Research on Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic & Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fredros O. Okumu
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lubinda J, Treviño C JA, Walsh MR, Moore AJ, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Akgun S, Zhao B, Barro AS, Begum MM, Jamal H, Angulo-Molina A, Haque U. Environmental suitability for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and the spatial distribution of major arboviral infections in Mexico. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2019; 6:e00116. [PMID: 31528740 PMCID: PMC6742751 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This paper discusses a comparative geographic distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Mexico, using environmental suitability modeling and reported cases of arboviral infections. Methods Using presence-only records, we modeled mosquito niches to show how much they influenced the distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus based on mosquito records collected at the municipality level. Mosquito surveillance data were used to create models regarding the predicted suitability of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti mosquitos in Mexico. Results Ae. albopictus had relatively a better predictive performance (area under the curve, AUC = 0.87) to selected bioclimatic variables compared to Ae. aegypti (AUC = 0.81). Ae. aegypti were more suitable for areas with minimum temperature of coldest month (Bio6, permutation importance 28.7%) −6 °C to 21.5 °C, cumulative winter growing degree days (GDD) between 40 and 500, and precipitation of wettest month (Bio13) >8.4 mm. Minimum temperature range of the coldest month (Bio6) was −6.6 °C to 20.5 °C, and average precipitation of the wettest month (Bio13) 8.9 mm ~ 600 mm were more suitable for the existence of Ae. albopictus. However, arboviral infections maps prepared from the 2012–2016 surveillance data showed cases were reported far beyond predicted municipalities. Conclusions This study identified the urgent necessity to start surveillance in 925 additional municipalities that reported arbovirus infections but did not report Aedes mosquito.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jailos Lubinda
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús A Treviño C
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Léon, Mexico
| | - Mallory Rose Walsh
- Department of Public Health and Prevention Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA
| | - Adrian J Moore
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seval Akgun
- Baskent University School of Medicine, Public Health Department, Baskent University, Turkey
| | - Bingxin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alassane S Barro
- African Group Organized for Research and Actions in Health, Burkina Faso
| | - Mst Marium Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Hera Jamal
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Aracely Angulo-Molina
- Department of Chemical & Biological Sciences/DIFUS, University of Sonora (UNISON), Luis Encinas and Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, C.P. 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Ubydul Haque
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti: An impact from human urbanization? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218079. [PMID: 31233517 PMCID: PMC6590797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the city of Magelang, Indonesia, the distribution of Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF) cases tend to be clustered, ever changing along with human urbanization from 2014 to 2017. Although DHF cases have been less reported in the city of Magelang for the past 5 years, vector control measures by using insecticide space spraying, particularly permethrin, have been continuously performed. Current study aimed to detect kdr mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti and to study possible association between insecticide resistance and DHF case distribution related to human urbanization. The study was a cross sectional study conducted in 3 sub-districts in the city of Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. Eggs of Ae. aegypti collected from 195 sample households were reared and were tested for resistance to pyrethroids by using PCR. Primers AaSCF1 and AaSCR4, and primers AaSCF7 and AaSCR7 were used in detecting presence of mutation in VGSC IIS6 and IIIS6 gene, respectively. Fragments of amplified DNA were sequenced and were analyzed. Spatio-temporal using Standard Deviational Ellipse (SDE) was performed to obtain mapping of DHF case distribution trends. The total number of DHF case was 380 cases, with the most cases (158) occurred in 2015 and the least cases (66) reported in 2017. DHF case distribution was grouped into several clusters. SDE calculation demonstrated movement of DHF case in the direction to principal arterial road, suggesting link to urbanization. Gene sequencing demonstrated VGSC IIS6 gene mutation (S989P and V1016G) in Ae. aegypti collected from study areas, indicating resistance to permethrin. VGSC IIIS6 gene mutation was not found. Current study concluded that multiple kdr mutations associated with resistance to pyrethroid was detected in Ae. aegypti, and that human urbanization may have a role in the development of such resistance.
Collapse
|
47
|
Ryan SJ, Mundis SJ, Aguirre A, Lippi CA, Beltrán E, Heras F, Sanchez V, Borbor-Cordova MJ, Sippy R, Stewart-Ibarra AM, Neira M. Seasonal and geographic variation in insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti in southern Ecuador. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007448. [PMID: 31181073 PMCID: PMC6586360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecticide resistance (IR) can undermine efforts to control vectors of public health importance. Aedes aegypti is the main vector of resurging diseases in the Americas such as yellow fever and dengue, and recently emerging chikungunya and Zika fever, which have caused unprecedented epidemics in the region. Vector control remains the primary intervention to prevent outbreaks of Aedes-transmitted diseases. In many high-risk regions, like southern Ecuador, we have limited information on IR. In this study, Ae. aegypti IR was measured across four cities in southern Ecuador using phenotypic assays and genetic screening for alleles associated with pyrethroid IR. Bottle bioassays showed significant inter-seasonal variation in resistance to deltamethrin, a pyrethroid commonly used by the Ministry of Health, and alpha-cypermethrin, as well as between-city differences in deltamethrin resistance. There was also a significant difference in phenotypic response to the organophosphate, Malathion, between two cities during the second sampling season. Frequencies of the resistant V1016I genotype ranged from 0.13 to 0.68. Frequencies of the resistant F1534C genotype ranged from 0.63 to 1.0, with sampled populations in Machala and Huaquillas at fixation for the resistant genotype in all sampled seasons. In Machala and Portovelo, there were statistically significant inter-seasonal variation in genotype frequencies for V1016I. Resistance levels were highest in Machala, a city with hyperendemic dengue transmission and historically intense insecticide use. Despite evidence that resistance alleles conferred phenotypic resistance to pyrethroids, there was not a precise correspondence between these indicators. For the F1534C gene, 17.6% of homozygous mutant mosquitoes and 70.8% of heterozygotes were susceptible, while for the V1016I gene, 45.6% homozygous mutants and 55.6% of heterozygotes were susceptible. This study shows spatiotemporal variability in IR in Ae. aegypti populations in southern coastal Ecuador, and provides an initial examination of IR in this region, helping to guide vector control efforts for Ae. aegypti. Mosquito control is the primary method of managing the spread of many diseases transmitted by the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti). Throughout much of Latin America the transmission of diseases like dengue fever and Zika fever pose a serious risk to public health. The rise of insecticide resistance (IR) is a major threat to established vector control programs, which may fail if commonly used insecticides are rendered ineffective. Public health authorities in southern coastal Ecuador, a high-risk region for diseases vectored by Ae. aegypti, previously had limited information on the status of IR in local populations of mosquitoes. Here, we present the first assessment of IR in adult Ae. aegypti to insecticides (deltamethrin, Malathion, and alpha-cypermethrin) routinely used in public health vector control in four cities along Ecuador’s southern coast. Observed patterns of IR differed between cities and seasons of mosquito sampling, suggesting that IR status may fluctuate in space and time. The highest overall resistance was detected in Machala, a city with hyperendemic dengue transmission and a long history of intense insecticide use. Monitoring for IR is an integral component of vector control services, where alternative management strategies are deployed when IR is detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadie J. Ryan
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SJR); (AMSI); (MN)
| | - Stephanie J. Mundis
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alex Aguirre
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America (CISeAL), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Catherine A. Lippi
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Froilán Heras
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science and Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Valeria Sanchez
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science and Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Mercy J. Borbor-Cordova
- Facultad de Ingeniería Marítima y Ciencias del Mar, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Rachel Sippy
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science and Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science and Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SJR); (AMSI); (MN)
| | - Marco Neira
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America (CISeAL), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- * E-mail: (SJR); (AMSI); (MN)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Maestre-Serrano R, Pareja-Loaiza P, Gomez Camargo D, Ponce-García G, Flores AE. Co-occurrence of V1016I and F1534C mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel and resistance to pyrethroids in Aedes aegypti (L.) from the Colombian Caribbean region. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1681-1688. [PMID: 30520256 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knockdown resistance is conferred primarily by non-synonymous mutations that reduce pyrethroids binding to voltage-gated sodium channels. In 2014, kdr mutation V1016I in Aedes aegypti populations resistant to pyrethroids was reported for the first time in Colombiα, in 2016 another kdr mutation, F1534C, and in 2018 the mutation V419L. Nine populations of A. aegypti, previously characterized as being resistant to λ-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, cyfluthrin and permethrin, were used for this study. Genomic DNA was used to determine genotypes by allele-specific PCR for mutations V1016I and F1534C, and to determine their association with pyrethroid resistance. RESULTS All the populations analyzed showed both mutations, with allelic frequencies of 0.07-0.35 for I1016 and 0.47-0.88 for C1534. A percentage of co-occurrence of mutant homozygotes I1016/C1534 of 5.3% was detected. A significant positive correlation was found between the frequency of the genotype I1016 and the resistance to permethrin, λ-cyhalothrin and cyfluthrin, but not to deltamethrin; on the other hand, the correlation was not significant for the C1534 genotype and the four pyrethroids evaluated. No significant correlation was found between the frequencies of the mutations V1016I and F1534C. CONCLUSIONS Both mutations V1016I and F1534C are present in A. aegypti populations of the Colombian Caribbean, and although the frequency of F1534C exceeds V1016I, the latter was correlated to resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Maestre-Serrano
- Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Paula Pareja-Loaiza
- Universidad de Cartagena, Facultad de Medicina Sede Zaragocilla, Cartagena de Indias (Bolivar), Colombia
| | - Doris Gomez Camargo
- Universidad de Cartagena, Facultad de Medicina Sede Zaragocilla, Cartagena de Indias (Bolivar), Colombia
| | - Gustavo Ponce-García
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Adriana E Flores
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chellappandian M, Senthil-Nathan S, Vasantha-Srinivasan P, Karthi S, Thanigaivel A, Kalaivani K, Sivanesh H, Stanley-Raja V, Chanthini KMP, Shyam-Sundar N. Target and non-target botanical pesticides effect of Trichodesma indicum (Linn) R. Br. and their chemical derivatives against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:16303-16315. [PMID: 30977009 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of crude ethanol derived leaf extract Trichodesma indicum (Linn) (Ex-Ti) and their chief derivatives were accessed on the survival and development of the dengue mosquito Ae. aegypti also their non-toxic activity against mosquito predator. T. indicum is recognized to be the vital weed plant and a promising herb in the traditional ayurvedic medicine. In this study, the GC-MS chromatogram of Ex-Ti showed higher peak area percentage for cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid (21.83%) followed by cycloheptadecanone (14.32%). The Ex-Ti displayed predominant mortality in larvae with 96.45 and 93.31% at the prominent dosage (200 ppm) against III and IV instar. Correspondingly, sub-lethal dosage against the enzymatic profile of III and IV instar showed downregulation of α,β-carboxylesterase and SOD protein profiles at the maximum concentration of 100 ppm. However, enzyme level of GST as well as CYP450 increased significantly dependent on sub-lethal concentration. Likewise, fecundity and hatchability of egg rate of dengue mosquito decreased to the sub-lethal concentration of Ex-Ti. Repellent assay illustrates that Ex-Ti concentration had greater protection time up to 210 min at 100 ppm. Also, activity of Ex-Ti on adult mosquito displayed 100% mortality at the maximum dosage of 600, 500 and 400 ppm within the period of 50, 60 and 70 min, respectively. Photomicrography screening showed that lethal dosage of Ex-Ti (100 ppm) produced severe morphological changes with dysregulation in their body parts as matched to the control. Effects of Ex-Ti on the Toxorhynchites splendens IV instar larvae showed less mortality (43.47%) even at the maximum dosage of 1500 ppm as matched to the chemical pesticide Temephos. Overall, the present research adds a toxicological valuation on the Ex-Ti and their active constituents as a larvicidal, repellent and adulticidal agents against the global burdening dengue mosquito.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muthiah Chellappandian
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India.
| | - Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Peter's Institute of Higher Education and Research, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 054, India
| | - Sengodan Karthi
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Annamalai Thanigaivel
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Kandaswamy Kalaivani
- Post Graduate and Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtrallam, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 802, India
| | - Haridoss Sivanesh
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Vethamonickam Stanley-Raja
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Kanagaraj Muthu-Pandian Chanthini
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Narayanan Shyam-Sundar
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dunbar MW, Correa-Morales F, Dzul-Manzanilla F, Medina-Barreiro A, Bibiano-Marín W, Morales-Ríos E, Vadillo-Sánchez J, López-Monroy B, Ritchie SA, Lenhart A, Manrique-Saide P, Vazquez-Prokopec GM. Efficacy of novel indoor residual spraying methods targeting pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti within experimental houses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007203. [PMID: 30817759 PMCID: PMC6394901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Challenges in maintaining high effectiveness of classic vector control in urban areas has renewed the interest in indoor residual spraying (IRS) as a promising approach for Aedes-borne disease prevention. While IRS has many benefits, application time and intrusive indoor applications make its scalability in urban areas difficult. Modifying IRS to account for Ae. aegypti resting behavior, named targeted IRS (TIRS, spraying walls below 1.5 m and under furniture) can reduce application time; however, an untested assumption is that modifications to IRS will not negatively impact entomological efficacy. We conducted a comparative experimental study evaluating the residual efficacy of classically-applied IRS (as developed for malaria control) compared to two TIRS application methods using a carbamate insecticide against a pyrethroid-resistant, field-derived Ae. aegypti strain. We performed our study within a novel experimental house setting (n = 9 houses) located in Merida (Mexico), with similar layouts and standardized contents. Classic IRS application (insecticide applied to full walls and under furniture) was compared to: a) TIRS: insecticide applied to walls below 1.5 m and under furniture, and b) Resting Site TIRS (RS-TIRS): insecticide applied only under furniture. Mosquito mortality was measured eight times post-application (out to six months post-application) by releasing 100 Ae. aegypti females /house and collecting live and dead individuals after 24 hrs exposure. Compared to Classic IRS, TIRS and RS-TIRS took less time to apply (31% and 82% reduction, respectively) and used less insecticide (38% and 85% reduction, respectively). Mortality of pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti did not significantly differ among the three IRS application methods up to two months post application, and did not significantly differ between Classic IRS and TIRS up to four months post application. These data illustrate that optimizing IRS to more efficiently target Ae. aegypti can both reduce application time and insecticide volume with no apparent reduction in entomological efficacy. Vector control is the primary strategy for managing Aedes aegypti and reducing transmission of Aedes-borne diseases; however, the indoor resting behavior of Ae. aegypti and the evolution of insecticide resistance reduces the effectiveness of many vector control tactics. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is effective against Ae. aegypti, but lengthy application time makes IRS difficult to scale within urban environments. We compared the application and entomological efficacy of Classic IRS against two novel Aedes-targeting IRS application methods (Targeted IRS [TIRS]- insecticide applied to walls below 1.5 m and under furniture and Resting Site TIRS [RS-TIRS]- insecticide applied only under furniture) within experimental houses using a carbamate insecticide. Both TIRS and RS-TIRS took less time to apply and used less insecticide compared to Classic IRS. Mortality of pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti did not differ among treatments out to two months post-application, and there was no difference in mortality between Classic IRS and TIRS out to four months post-application. These data provide evidence that IRS application methods can be improved to take less time and insecticide yet not lose entomological efficacy, making TIRS more scalable within urban environments. However, larger field studies with epidemiologic endpoints are needed to further assess the efficacy of these modified TIRS techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mike W. Dunbar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabian Correa-Morales
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE) Secretaría de Salud México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Felipe Dzul-Manzanilla
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE) Secretaría de Salud México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Anuar Medina-Barreiro
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, México, México
| | - Wilbert Bibiano-Marín
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, México, México
| | - Evaristo Morales-Ríos
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, México, México
| | - José Vadillo-Sánchez
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE) Secretaría de Salud México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Beatriz López-Monroy
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Nuevo León, México
| | - Scott A. Ritchie
- College of Public Health, Medical & Vet Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, México, México
| | | |
Collapse
|