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Gouveia AS, Codeço CT, Ferreira FADS, Cortés JJC, Luz SLB. Diflubenzuron larvicide auto-dissemination: A modeling study. Acta Trop 2024; 258:107325. [PMID: 39032848 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Proposing substitutes for Pyriproxyfen (PPF) in the auto-dissemination strategy is essential to ensure the continuity of the strategy in the field, especially in the case of the emergence of populations resistant to this larvicide. One possible substitute among the compounds already in use in Brazil is the larvicide Diflubenzuron (DFB). The equation that defines the proportion of oviposition sites (habitats) contaminated by the auto-dissemination strategy was modified to account for the number of visits required to reach the necessary concentration of DFB for contamination, considering scenarios with varying numbers of oviposition sites and mosquito densities. The dissemination was evaluated in oviposition sites of 2 L, 1.5 L, 1 L, 0.5 L, 0.2 L, and 0.1 L. The minimum concentration of active ingredient (a.i) of DFB required for a commercial product to contaminate at least 50% of oviposition sites was also investigated, along with the impact of other vector control methods, such as the removal/destruction of oviposition sites and the use of insecticides to kill adult 'females, on the auto-dissemination approach. The use of pure DFB compounds enabled contamination efficiency of more than 50% in oviposition sites with a volume of less than 2 L in scenarios with fewer oviposition sites. On the other hand, with the use of the commonly used concentration of the product, similar efficacy was only achieved in oviposition sites of 0.1 L and 0.2 L in medium and high infestation scenarios. Strategies that reduce the number of available oviposition sites work synergistically with the auto-dissemination strategy, making it possible to use less concentrated products and contaminated sites of larger volume. The strategy proved to be resilient in situations of insecticide application according to the concentration of DFB used, abundance of females, and low number of oviposition sites. Increasing the number of dissemination traps on the field also contributes to better results, especially for oviposition sites of 0.5 L and 1 L. The results of the model obtained under the stipulated conditions provide further support for the potential use of DFB as a substitute for PPF in the auto-dissemination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayrton Sena Gouveia
- Núcleo PReV Amazônia - Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia; Programa de Computação Científica da Fiocruz - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Torres Codeço
- Programa de Computação Científica da Fiocruz - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sergio Luiz Bessa Luz
- Núcleo PReV Amazônia - Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Ma Z, Liu Q, Wang M, Du YT, Xie JW, Yi ZG, Cai JH, Zhao TY, Zhang HD. Detection and population genetic analysis of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) based on knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the Yangtze River basin of China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 123:105634. [PMID: 38950667 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes albopictus is an important vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. Insecticides are often the most effective tools for rapidly decreasing the density of vector populations, especially during arbovirus disease outbreaks. However, the intense use of insecticides, particularly pyrethroids, has led to the selection of resistant mosquito populations worldwide. Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene are one of the main drivers of insecticide resistance in Ae. albopictus and are also known as "knockdown resistance" (kdr) mutations. Knowledge about genetic mutations associated with insecticide resistance is a prerequisite for developing techniques for rapid resistance diagnosis. Here, we report studies on the origin and dispersion of kdr haplotypes in samples of Ae. albopictus from the Yangtze River Basin, China; METHODS: Here, we report the results of PCR genotyping of kdr mutations in 541 Ae. albopictus specimens from 22 sampling sites in 7 provinces and municipalities in the Yangtze River Basin. Partial DNA sequences of domain II and domain III of the VGSC gene were amplified. These DNA fragments were subsequently sequenced to discover the possible genetic mutations mediating knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids. The frequency and distribution of kdr mutations were assessed in 22 Ae. albopictus populations. Phylogenetic relationships among the haplotypes were used to infer whether the kdr mutations had a single or multiple origins; RESULTS: The kdr mutation at the 1016 locus had 2 alleles with 3 genotypes: V/V (73.38%), V/G (26.43%) and G/G (0.18%). The 1016G homozygous mutation was found in only one case in the CQSL strain in Chongqing, and no 1016G mutations were detected in the SHJD (Shanghai), NJDX (Jiangsu) or HBQN (Hubei) strains. A total of 1532 locus had two alleles and three genotypes, I/I (88.35%), I/T (8.50%) and T/T (3.14%). A total of 1534 locus had four alleles and six genotypes: F/F (49.35%), F/S (19.96%), F/C (1.48%) and F/L (0.18%); S/S (23.66%); and C/C (5.36%). Haplotypes with the F1534C mutation were found only in Ae. albopictus populations in Chongqing and Hubei, and C1534C was found only in three geographic strains in Chongqing. Haplotypes with the 1534S mutation were found only in Ae. albopictus populations in Sichuan and Shanghai. F1534L was found only in HBYC. The Ae. albopictus populations in Shanghai were more genetically differentiated from those in the other regions (except Sichuan), and the genetic differentiation between the populations in Chongqing and those in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Huber, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, and Anhui) was lower. Shanghai and Sichuan displayed low haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison revealed that the 1016 locus was divided into three branches, with the Clade A and Clade B branches bearing the 1016 mutation occurring mostly in Jiangsu and the Clade C branch bearing the 1016 mutation occurring mostly in Chongqing, suggesting at least two origins for 1016G. IIIS6 phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison revealed that F1534S, F1534C and I1532T can be divided into two branches, indicating that IIIS6 has two origins; CONCLUSIONS: Combined with the distribution of kdr mutations and the analysis of population genetics, we infer that besides the local selection of pyrethroid resistance mutations, dispersal and colonization of Ae. albopictus from other regions may explain why kdr mutations are present in some Ae. albopictus populations in the Yangtze River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yu-Tong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jing-Wen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zi-Ge Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jing-Hong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tong-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Heng-Duan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China.
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Müller JN, Galardo AKR, Corrêa APSDA, Macoris MDLDG, de Melo-Santos MAV, Nakazawa MM, Martins AJ, Lima JBP. Impact of SumiLarv ® 2MR on Aedes aegypti larvae: a multicenter study in Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:88. [PMID: 38409019 PMCID: PMC10895835 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06064-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti is associated with dengue, Zika, and chikungunya transmission. These arboviruses are responsible for national outbreaks with severe public health implications. Vector control is one of the tools used to prevent mosquito proliferation, and SumiLarv® 2MR is an alternative commercial product based on pyriproxyfen for larval/pupal control. In this study, the residual effectiveness of SumiLarv® 2MR in different regions of Brazil was evaluated in simulated field conditions. METHODS We conducted a multicenter study across four Brazilian states-Amapá, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo-given the importance to the country's climatic variances in the north, northeast, and southeast regions and their influence on product efficiency. The populations of Ae. aegypti from each location were held in an insectary. Third-instar larvae (L3) were added every 2 weeks to water containers with SumiLarv® 2MR discs in 250-, 500- and 1000-l containers in Amapá and Rio de Janeiro, and 100-l containers in Pernambuco and São Paulo, using concentrations of 0.04, 0.08, and 0.16 mg/l. RESULTS Adult emergence inhibition over 420 days was observed in all tests conducted at a concentration of 0.16 mg/l; inhibition for 308-420 days was observed for 0.08 mg/l, and 224-420 days for 0.04 mg/l. CONCLUSIONS Sumilarv® 2MR residual activity demonstrated in this study suggests that this new pyriproxyfen formulation is a promising alternative for Aedes control, regardless of climatic variations and ideal concentration, since the SumiLarv® 2MR showed adult emergence inhibition of over 80% and residual activity greater than 6 months, a period longer than that recommended by the Ministry of Health of Brazil between product re-application in larval breeding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Nogueira Müller
- Laboratory of Biology, Control and Surveillance of Vector Insects-LBCVIV FIOCRUZ/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá-IEPA, Macapá, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Allan Kardec Ribeiro Galardo
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá-IEPA, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sales de Andrade Corrêa
- Laboratory of Biology, Control and Surveillance of Vector Insects-LBCVIV FIOCRUZ/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá-IEPA, Macapá, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratory of Biology, Control and Surveillance of Vector Insects-LBCVIV FIOCRUZ/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratory of Biology, Control and Surveillance of Vector Insects-LBCVIV FIOCRUZ/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Herath JMMK, De Silva WAPP, Weeraratne TC, Karunaratne SHPP. Efficacy of the insect growth regulator novaluron in the control of dengue vector mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1988. [PMID: 38263389 PMCID: PMC10805727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Insect Growth Regulator (IGR) novaluron is an alternative to synthetic neuro-inhibitory insecticides. Present study was designed to assess appropriate dosages of novaluron for dengue vector control. Larvae of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus were exposed to a concentration series of novaluron (Rimon EC10) for two fixed exposure periods of 7-days and 14-days to determined LC50 and LC99 values. Inhibition of adult emergence (IE50 and IE99) was determined by a 14-day exposure. Semi-field experiments were conducted by exposing cohorts of Ae. aegypti larvae to IE99, 2 × IE99 and 10 × IE99 novaluron concentrations in water storage buckets (10 L) and plastic barrels (200 L). For the 7-day exposure, LC50 values were 0.047-0.049 ppm and LC99 were 0.144-0.151 ppm. For 14-day exposure, these values were 0.002-0.005 ppm and 0.006-0.01 ppm respectively. For both species, IE99 was 0.001 ppb under semi-field conditions, and was effective for nearly 2 months. Novaluron concentration 0.01 ppb was effective up to 3 months, with an IE of 89-95%. Authorities should critically review a reduction of the presently recommended field dosage of 200 ppm novaluron by × 100 or more. This would provide the same efficacy but mitigate environmental pollution, development of vector resistance, and financial losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Manel K Herath
- Entomological Surveillance Unit, Office of Regional Director of Health Services, Kurunegala, Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Thilini C Weeraratne
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Khan MB, Yang ZS, Lin CY, Hsu MC, Urbina AN, Assavalapsakul W, Wang WH, Chen YH, Wang SF. Dengue overview: An updated systemic review. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1625-1642. [PMID: 37595484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is caused by the dengue virus (DENVs) infection and clinical manifestations include dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Due to a lack of antiviral drugs and effective vaccines, several therapeutic and control strategies have been proposed. A systemic literature review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines to select proper references to give an overview of DENV infection. Results indicate that understanding the virus characteristics and epidemiology are essential to gain the basic and clinical knowledge as well as dengue disseminated pattern and status. Different factors and mechanisms are thought to be involved in the presentation of DHF and DSS, including antibody-dependent enhancement, immune dysregulation, viral virulence, host genetic susceptibility, and preexisting dengue antibodies. This study suggests that dissecting pathogenesis and risk factors as well as developing different types of therapeutic and control strategies against DENV infection are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Khan
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Syuan Yang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Lin
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Hsu
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Aspiro Nayim Urbina
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wen-Hung Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Alghsham RS, Shariq A, Rasheed Z. Dengue: A global health concern. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2023; 17:1-2. [PMID: 37416844 PMCID: PMC10321461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaih S. Alghsham
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Shariq
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafar Rasheed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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Asgarian TS, Vatandoost H, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Nikpoor F. Worldwide Status of Insecticide Resistance of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, Vectors of Arboviruses of Chikungunya, Dengue, Zika and Yellow Fever. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2023; 17:1-27. [PMID: 37609563 PMCID: PMC10440498 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v17i1.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Controlling of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, vectors of five important mosquito-borne diseases, is known as the most effective method to prevent the transmission of arboviruses to humans, but the emergence of insecticide resistance is threat for control and prevention of vector borne diseases. A better understanding of mosquito resistance to insecticides will help to develop more effective methods to control insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors. Methods Worldwide geographical distribution of insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus by the available papers and map of the data for carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, microbial and insect growth regulator insecticides were reviewed. Article data published up to December 2022 were investigated by searching the following databases: "Google Scholar", "PubMed", "Scopus", "SID" and "Web of Knowledge". Results The results showed that the susceptibility and resistance status of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to insecticides in the world is very diverse. Conclusion Due to the importance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the transmission of mosquito-borne arboviruses, resistance management should be given more attention worldwide to prevent insecticide resistance in the arbovirus vector and replace the new approach for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Sadat Asgarian
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nikpoor
- Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Huang D, Li S, Lu Y, Sha M, Li J. Effects of diflubenzuron on shrimp (Neocaridina palmata) in freshwater systems dominated by submerged plant (Ceratophyllum demersum). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137567. [PMID: 36529168 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diflubenzuron (DFB) is a benzoylbenzourea insect growth regulator widely used in agriculture, horticulture, and vector control. Therefore, it can easily pollute water bodies and cause harm to aquatic life and ecosystems. To evaluate the impact of DFB on atyid shrimp Neocaridina palmate, the insecticide was applied, at 0, 0.74, 2.222, 6.667, 20, and 60 μg L-1, to indoor systems dominated by submerged plant Ceratophyllum demersum. The highest no observed effect concentration and the lowest observed effect concentration was determined to be 0.167 and 0.536 μg L-1, respectively, as it was counted with either activity or immune-reactive content of chitobiase. Subcellular indices were more sensitive, with a lowest observed effect concentration below 0.107 μg L-1. Principal response curves (PRC) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that DFB reduced the biomass of C. demersum and the content of chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin in the media. The biomass of periphyton were promoted at the high concentrations. According to the PRC and PCA, DFB reduced the bacterial population related to photoautotrophy, sulphur reduction, and sulphur oxidation and it promoted those related to photoheterotrophy, nitrate reduction, nitrate denitrification, and nitrogen fixation. Besides, DFB reduced fungi related to denitrification. PRC and PCA showed that DFB had a negative impact on pH and dissolved oxygen levels and a positive impact on NH4-N, NO2-N, PO4-P, and conductivity, suggesting the deterioration in quality of water. This study provided useful information for understanding the ecotoxicological effects of DFB at population and community levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoshuai Huang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shaonan Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yu Lu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Meng Sha
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Kayesh MEH, Khalil I, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Increasing Dengue Burden and Severe Dengue Risk in Bangladesh: An Overview. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8010032. [PMID: 36668939 PMCID: PMC9866424 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a prevalent and rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease affecting humans. The geographic range of dengue is expanding, and much like in many other tropical regions of the world, dengue has become a major public health issue in Bangladesh. Until a large epidemic dengue outbreak in 2000, sporadic outbreaks have occurred in Bangladesh since 1964. After 2000, varying intensities of dengue activity were observed each year until 2018. However, in 2019, Bangladesh experienced the largest dengue epidemic in its history, with 101,354 dengue cases and 164 dengue-related deaths. Notably, this outbreak occurred in many regions that were previously considered free of the disease. As of 10 December 2022, a total of 60,078 dengue cases and 266 dengue-related deaths were reported in Bangladesh, with the 2022 outbreak being the second largest since 2000. There is an increased genetic diversity of the dengue virus (DENV) in Bangladesh and all four DENV serotypes are prevalent and co-circulating, which increases the risk for severe dengue owing to the antibody-dependent enhancement effect. Vector control remains the mainstay of dengue outbreak prevention; however, the vector control programs adopted in Bangladesh seem inadequate, requiring improved vector control strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology of DENV infection and the risks for a severe dengue outbreak in Bangladesh. Additionally, we discuss different dengue vector control strategies, from which the most suitable and effective measures can be applied in the context of Bangladesh for tackling future dengue epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.E.H.K.); (K.T.-K.); Tel.: +88-025-506-1677 (M.E.H.K.); +81-99-285-3589 (K.T.-K.)
| | - Ibrahim Khalil
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries & Livestock, Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.E.H.K.); (K.T.-K.); Tel.: +88-025-506-1677 (M.E.H.K.); +81-99-285-3589 (K.T.-K.)
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Marcombe S, Shimell K, Savage R, Howlett E, Luangamath P, Nilaxay S, Vungkyly V, Baby A, King M, Clarke J, Jeffries C, Jojo J, Lacey E, Bhatty F, Mabika D, Dela Cruz A, Fisher C, Mbadu M, Despiniadis I, Brey PT, Thammavong P, Jones AK. Detection of pyrethroid resistance mutations and intron variants in the voltage-gated sodium channel of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus mosquitoes from Lao People's Democratic Republic. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 36:424-434. [PMID: 35593512 PMCID: PMC9790263 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In Lao People's Democratic Republic, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse 1894) mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are vectors of arboviral diseases such as dengue. As the treatment for these diseases is limited, control of the vectors with the use of pyrethroid insecticides is still essential. However, mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene giving rise to pyrethroid resistance are threatening vector control programs. Here, we analysed both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, which were collected in different districts of Laos (Kaysone Phomvihane, Vangvieng, Saysettha and Xaythany), for vgsc mutations commonly found throughout Asia (S989P, V1016G and F1534C). Sequences of the vgsc gene showed that the F1534C mutation was prevalent in both Aedes species. S989P and V1016G mutations were detected in Ae. aegypti from each site and were always found together. In addition, the mutation T1520I was seen in Ae. albopictus mosquitoes from Saysettha district as well as in all Ae. aegypti samples. Thus, mutations in the vgsc gene of Ae. aegypti are prevalent in the four districts studied indicating growing insecticide resistance throughout Laos. Constant monitoring programmes and alternative strategies for controlling Aedes should be utilized in order to prolong the effectiveness of pyrethroids thereby maximizing vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Marcombe
- Institut Pasteur du LaosMinistry of HealthVientianeLao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Katherine Shimell
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Rachel Savage
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Edward Howlett
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | | | - Somphat Nilaxay
- Institut Pasteur du LaosMinistry of HealthVientianeLao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Vacky Vungkyly
- Institut Pasteur du LaosMinistry of HealthVientianeLao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Anne Baby
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Mathew King
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Josie Clarke
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Chloe Jeffries
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Josna Jojo
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Emily Lacey
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Farris Bhatty
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Dadirayi Mabika
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Andrea Dela Cruz
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Cerys Fisher
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Milca Mbadu
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Iasonas Despiniadis
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Paul T. Brey
- Institut Pasteur du LaosMinistry of HealthVientianeLao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Phoutmany Thammavong
- Institut Pasteur du LaosMinistry of HealthVientianeLao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Andrew K. Jones
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes University, HeadingtonOxfordUK
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11
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Small-scale field assessment against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti using the auto-dissemination approach in an urban area of Vientiane, Lao PDR. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270987. [PMID: 35776762 PMCID: PMC9249186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Lao PDR, dengue fever is the most important vector borne disease and vector control remains the principal method to fight against Aedes aegypti the primary transmitter mosquito species. Vector control management programs need new strategies in addition to conventional larviciding and adulticiding interventions in the country. In this study, we examined the In2Care® Mosquito Trap’s efficacy using insecticide auto-dissemination strategy. The insecticide pyriproxyfen, present in powder form inside the trap station, contaminates the body of gravid female mosquitoes visiting the traps and is later on disseminated via the mosquitoes in breeding sites surrounding the traps. We tested the attractiveness of the Traps, their efficacy to reduce the larval and adult abundance, and the impact on emergence rates. Specifically, we tested if the servicing interval of the In2Care® Mosquito Trap could be extended to 12 weeks. Methods Two black plastic ovitrap buckets and two BG® sentinel traps were placed in the premises of the Science campus of Vientiane Capital located in an urban area to measure weekly the larval and adult relative abundance of Aedes mosquitoes from 2017 to 2019. Twenty-five In2Care® Mosquito Traps were evenly distributed in this area and two studies of 12 weeks were implemented during January and April 2018 and, July to October 2018 (dry and rainy season, respectively). Every 2 weeks, water samples from 5 In2Care® Traps were randomly selected and tested at the laboratory with Ae. aegypti larvae to measure the larval and pupal mortality. The relative abundance of Aedes mosquitoes in the BG traps® with the presence of In2Care® Traps in 2018, was compared with the surveillance results obtained in 2017 and 2019 without In2Care® Traps. Every week, water samples from the ovitrap buckets were tested for Emergence Inhibition (EI). Results The In2Care® Traps were very attractive to gravid Ae. aegypti mosquitoes specifically during the rainy seasons with 96% of the traps colonized with larvae/pupae within four weeks. The bioassays showed 100% mortality in the water samples from the traps during the twelve weeks studies showing the good efficacy over time of the pyriproxyfen without additional servicing in the 12 week period. In addition, the larvicide was successfully disseminated into the ovitrap buckets placed in the treated area where 100% of EI during all weeks of intervention was measured. There was no significant effect of the treatment on adult abundance reduction in the treated area, probably due to recolonization of adult mosquitoes surrounding the field experiment. Conclusions The observed potential of the In2Care® Mosquito Trap using the auto-dissemination strategy could lead to the use of this new tool in combination with conventional control methods against Dengue vectors in urban tropical areas. Large scale field trials should be implemented in Lao PDR to prove its efficacy for Public Health programs.
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12
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Dieng H, McLean S, Stradling H, Morgan C, Gordon M, Ebanks W, Ebanks Z, Wheeler A. Aquatain® causes anti-oviposition, egg retention and oocyte melanization and triggers female death in Aedes aegypti. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:100. [PMID: 35317811 PMCID: PMC8939118 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In arboviral disease systems where the virus can be transmitted from male to female vectors and from one generation to the next, targeting the female (especially when she is gravid) can help alter the persistence of the virus in nature and its transmission. A typical example is Aedes aegypti, which has become unmanageable due to the development of insecticide resistance. Despite evidence that monomolecular surface films prevent the selection of genetic resistance, their potential in Aedes vector control remains largely unexplored. Methods We examined the oviposition, egg retention, oocyte melanization, and female mortality of the Cayman Islands strain of Ae. aegypti, using choice (balanced and unbalanced) and no-choice bioassays involving Aquatain® Mosquito Formulation (AMF; Aquatain Products Pty Ltd.), a polydimethylsiloxane–based liquid used for mosquito control. Results When presented with similar opportunities to oviposit in two sites treated with AMF and two other sites with untreated water (control), egg deposition rates were significantly higher in the untreated water sites than in the AMF-treated sites (P < 0.05). We also observed a matching pattern of egg deposition preference in environments with more options in terms of AMF-treated sites. Females laid significantly more eggs when water was the only available medium than when all sites were treated with AMF (P < 0.05). Also, significantly more mature eggs were withheld in the AMF no-choice environment than in the no-choice test involving only water (P < 0.05). Internal oocyte melanization was not observed in females from the oviposition arenas with the lowest AMF presence (equal-choice and water-based no-choice); in contrast, this physiological response intensified as the number of AMF-treated sites increased. Female death occurred at high rates in AMF-treated environments, and this response increased with the increasing presence of such egg deposition sites. Conclusions This study demonstrated that AMF acted as a deterrent signal to ovipositing Ae. aegypti and as an indirect adulticide. These results suggest that AMF may be a promising control tool against the dengue vector, and this warrants further evaluation under field settings. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamady Dieng
- Mosquito Research and Control Unit (MRCU), George Town, Cayman Islands.
| | - Storm McLean
- The University College of the Cayman Islands, Olympic Way, George Town, Cayman Islands
| | | | - Cole Morgan
- The Forensic Department, Health Services Authority, George Town, Cayman Islands
| | - Malik Gordon
- The University College of the Cayman Islands, Olympic Way, George Town, Cayman Islands
| | - Whitney Ebanks
- Mosquito Research and Control Unit (MRCU), George Town, Cayman Islands
| | - Zoila Ebanks
- Mosquito Research and Control Unit (MRCU), George Town, Cayman Islands
| | - Alan Wheeler
- Mosquito Research and Control Unit (MRCU), George Town, Cayman Islands
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13
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Boyer S, Maquart PO, Chhuoy K, Suor K, Chhum M, Heng K, Leng S, Fontenille D, Marcombe S. Monitoring insecticide resistance of adult and larval Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:44. [PMID: 35101104 PMCID: PMC8805314 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue fever is a major public health concern in Cambodia, with thousands of cases every year in urban, suburban and rural areas of the country. The main vector of dengue fever in Cambodia is Aedes aegypti. The organophosphate larvicide temephos and adulticides belonging to the pyrethroid family have been widely used for decades by public health authorities to fight dengue vectors, but resistance of Ae. aegypti to these insecticides has been previously described for Cambodia. Methods In order to adapt the vector control strategy presently used in Cambodia, we tested 14 adulticides belonging to the carbamate, organochlorine, organophosphate, and pyrethroid insecticide families and three larvicides [temephos, spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis ser. israelensis (Bti)] belonging to three different insecticide families (organophosphates, spinosyns and entomopathogenic bacteria). The standard procedures used here to test the adults and larvae of an Ae. aegypti population from Phnom Penh followed World Health Organization guidelines. Results For adults, high mortality rates were observed with carbamate, organophosphate and organochlorine (with the exception of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) insecticides (i.e. between 87.6 and 100%), while low mortality rates were observed with all of the tested pyrethroid insecticides (i.e. between 1 and 35%). For larvae, no resistance against Bti was detected [resistance ratio (RR90 < 1.6)], but moderate resistance was observed for temephos and spinosad (RR90 < 5.6). Conclusions The results of this study indicate that (i) Bti should be considered a serious alternative to temephos for the control of Ae. aegypti larvae; and (ii) the carbamate adulticides propoxur and bendiocarb should be employed instead of the widely used pyrethroid insecticides for the control of adult Ae. aegypti on land under mosaic farming and crop rotation in Cambodia, as the insects were found to be resistant to the latter types of insecticide. Research focusing on insecticide resistance and innovative and effective vector control strategies should be undertaken as a public health priority in Cambodia. Graphical abstract ![]()
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14
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Elia-Amira NMR, Chen CD, Low VL, Lau KW, Haziqah-Rashid A, Amelia-Yap ZH, Lee HL, Sofian-Azirun M. Statewide Efficacy Assessment of Insect Growth Regulators Against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Sabah, Malaysia: An Alternative Control Strategy? JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:301-307. [PMID: 34459477 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of three groups of insect growth regulators, namely juvenile hormone mimics (methoprene and pyriproxyfen), chitin synthesis inhibitors (diflubenzuron and novaluron), and molting disruptor (cyromazine) was evaluated for the first time, against Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae from 14 districts in Sabah, Malaysia. The results showed that all field populations of Ae. albopictus were susceptible towards methoprene, pyriproxyfen, diflubenzuron, novaluron, and cyromazine, with resistance ratio values ranging from 0.50-0.90, 0.60-1.00, 0.67-1.17, 0.71-1.29, and 0.74-1.07, respectively. Overall, the efficacy assessment of insect growth regulators in this study showed promising outcomes and they could be further explored as an alternative to conventional insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M R Elia-Amira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C D Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Rimba Ilmu Botanical Garden, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - V L Low
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K W Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Haziqah-Rashid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Z H Amelia-Yap
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H L Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Wei Y, Zheng X, He S, Xin X, Zhang J, Hu K, Zhou G, Zhong D. Insecticide susceptibility status and knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation in Aedes albopictus in China. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:609. [PMID: 34922622 PMCID: PMC8684111 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is the main vector of dengue virus in China. The resistance to insecticides is a huge obstacle for the control of this species, and determining its resistance status and mechanisms in China is essential for the implementation of vector management strategies. Methods We have investigated the larval and adult resistance status of Ae. albopictus to deltamethrin in eight field populations in China. Mutations at the voltage-gated sodium channel gene, related to the knockdown resistance (kdr) effect, were detected by sequencing of PCR products. The eight field populations were examined for pyrethroid resistance using the World Health Organization standard bioassays, and the association between the mutations and phenotypic resistance was tested. Results The eight field populations of larvae of Ae. albopictus in China exhibited high resistance to deltamethrin; the RR50 values ranged from 12 (ZJ) to 44 (GZ). Adult bioassay revealed that Ae. albopictus populations were resistant to deltamethrin (mortality rate < 90%), except ZJ population (probably resistant, mortality rate = 93.5%). Long knockdown time in the field populations was consistent with low mortality rates in adult bioassay. F1534S mutation showed increased protection against deltamethrin in all populations except BJ and SJZ populations, whereas I1532T mutation showed increased protection against deltamethrin in only BJ population. Conclusion There were different degrees of resistance to deltamethrin in field Ae. albopictus populations in China. The longest knockdown time and lowest mortality rate observed in Ae. albopictus population in Guangzhou indicate the severity of high resistance to deltamethrin. The patchy distribution of deltamethrin resistance and kdr mutations in Ae. albopictus mosquitoes suggests the necessity for resistance management and developing counter measures to mitigate the spread of resistance. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wei
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China. .,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Song He
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xuli Xin
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiachun Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Rohaizat Hassan M, Atika Azit N, Mohd Fadzil S, Abd Ghani SR, Ahmad N, Mohammed Nawi A. Insecticide resistance of Dengue vectors in South East Asia: a systematic review. Afr Health Sci 2021; 21:1124-1140. [PMID: 35222575 PMCID: PMC8843301 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i3.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insecticides used widely has led to resistance in the vector and impose a challenge to vector control operation. OBJECTIVES This review aims to analyse the distribution of insecticide resistance of dengue vectors in South East Asia and to describe the mechanism of insecticide resistance. METHODS Literature search for articles published on 2015 to 2019 from PubMed, Scopus and ProQuest was performed. Total of 37 studies included in the final review from the initial 420 studies. RESULTS Pyrethroid resistance was concentrated on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and Northern Thailand and scattered at Java Island, Indonesia while organophosphate resistance was seen across the Java Island (Indonesia), West Sumatera and North Peninsular Malaysia. Organochlorine resistance was seen in Sabah, Malaysia and scattered distribution in Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. V1016G, S989P, F1269C gene mutation in Aedes Aegypti were associated with Pyrethroid resistance in Singapore and Indonesia. In Malaysia, over-expressed with monooxygenase P450 genes (CYP9J27, CYP6CB1, CYP9J26 and CYP9M4) Glutathione S-transferases, carboxylesterases commonly associated with pyrethroids resistance in Aedes Aegypti and CYP612 overexpressed in Aedes Albopictus. The genetic mutation in A302S in Aedes Albopictus was associated with organochlorine resistance in Malaysia. CONCLUSIONS Rotation of insecticide, integration with synergist and routine assessment of resistance profile are recommended strategies in insecticide resistance management.
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Mohd Ngesom AM, Ahmad Razi A, Azizan NS, Wasi Ahmad N, Md Lasim A, Liang Y, Greenhalgh D, Min JCS, Sahani M, Hod R, Othman H. Evaluation of a mosquito home system for controlling Aedes aegypti. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:413. [PMID: 34407881 PMCID: PMC8375193 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a significant public health issue that is caused by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. The current vector control methods are unable to effectively reduce Aedes populations and thus fail to decrease dengue transmission. Hence, there is an urgent need for new tools and strategies to reduce dengue transmission in a wide range of settings. In this study, the Mosquito Home System (MHS) and Mosquito Home Aqua (MHAQ) formulations were assessed as commercial autodissemination traps in laboratory and small-scale field trials. METHOD Multiple series of laboratory and small-scale field trials were performed to assess the efficacy of MHS and MHAQ exposed to Ae. aegypti. In the laboratory trials, various parameters such as fecundity, fertility, wing size, oviposition preferences, residual effects, and MHAQ transference to other containers through controlled experiments were tested. For small-scale field trials, the efficacy of the MHS and MHAQ approaches was determined to ascertain whether wild mosquitoes could transfer the MHAQ formulation from MHS stations to ovitraps. RESULTS The data revealed that Ae. aegypti was highly susceptible to low concentrations of MHAQ formulations and had a residual effect of up to 3 months, with MHAQ exposure affecting fecundity, fertility, and mosquito wing size. In the oviposition studies, gravid females strongly preferred the hay infusion compared to tap water and MHAQ during egg-laying in the laboratory. Nevertheless, the use of commercial MHAQ by MHS was highly attractive in field settings compared to conventional ovitraps among local Aedes spp. mosquitoes. In addition, MHAQ horizontal transfer activities in the laboratory and small-scale field trials were demonstrated through larval bioassays. These findings demonstrated the potential of MHAQ to be transferred to new containers in each study site. CONCLUSION This study provided proof of principle for the autodissemination of MHAQ. Through further refinement, this technique and device could become an effective oviposition trap and offer an alternative preventive tool for vector control management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mohiddin Mohd Ngesom
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anis Ahmad Razi
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syahirah Azizan
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazni Wasi Ahmad
- Medical Entomology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Asmalia Md Lasim
- Phytochemistry Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Centre (HMRC), Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yanfeng Liang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XH UK
| | - David Greenhalgh
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XH UK
| | - Jasmine Chia Siew Min
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mazrura Sahani
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50600 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hidayatulfathi Othman
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Bacterial Toxins Active against Mosquitoes: Mode of Action and Resistance. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080523. [PMID: 34437394 PMCID: PMC8402332 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Larvicides based on the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis svar. israelensis (Bti) and Lysinibacillus sphaericus are effective and environmentally safe compounds for the control of dipteran insects of medical importance. They produce crystals that display specific and potent insecticidal activity against larvae. Bti crystals are composed of multiple protoxins: three from the three-domain Cry type family, which bind to different cell receptors in the midgut, and one cytolytic (Cyt1Aa) protoxin that can insert itself into the cell membrane and act as surrogate receptor of the Cry toxins. Together, those toxins display a complex mode of action that shows a low risk of resistance selection. L. sphaericus crystals contain one major binary toxin that display an outstanding persistence in field conditions, which is superior to Bti. However, the action of the Bin toxin based on its interaction with a single receptor is vulnerable for resistance selection in insects. In this review we present the most recent data on the mode of action and synergism of these toxins, resistance issues, and examples of their use worldwide. Data reported in recent years improved our understanding of the mechanism of action of these toxins, showed that their combined use can enhance their activity and counteract resistance, and reinforced their relevance for mosquito control programs in the future years.
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Gan SJ, Leong YQ, Bin Barhanuddin MFH, Wong ST, Wong SF, Mak JW, Ahmad RB. Dengue fever and insecticide resistance in Aedes mosquitoes in Southeast Asia: a review. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:315. [PMID: 34112220 PMCID: PMC8194039 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in Southeast Asia. Insecticides remain the most effective vector control approach for Aedes mosquitoes. Four main classes of insecticides are widely used for mosquito control: organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids and carbamates. Here, we review the distribution of dengue fever from 2000 to 2020 and its associated mortality in Southeast Asian countries, and we gather evidence on the trend of insecticide resistance and its distribution in these countries since 2000, summarising the mechanisms involved. The prevalence of resistance to these insecticides is increasing in Southeast Asia, and the mechanisms of resistance are reported to be associated with target site mutations, metabolic detoxification, reduced penetration of insecticides via the mosquito cuticle and behavioural changes of mosquitoes. Continuous monitoring of the status of resistance and searching for alternative control measures will be critical for minimising any unpredicted outbreaks and improving public health. This review also provides improved insights into the specific use of insecticides for effective control of mosquitoes in these dengue endemic countries. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Jian Gan
- International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong Qi Leong
- International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siew Tung Wong
- International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shew Fung Wong
- International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Joon Wah Mak
- International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohani Binti Ahmad
- Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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Hii J, Hustedt J, Bangs MJ. Residual Malaria Transmission in Select Countries of Asia-Pacific Region: Old Wine in a New Barrel. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:S111-S142. [PMID: 33906222 PMCID: PMC8079134 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite substantial reductions in malaria burden and improvement in case management, malaria remains a major public health challenge in the Asia-Pacific region. Residual malaria transmission (RMT) is the fraction of total transmission that persists after achievement of full operational coverage with effective insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs)/long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and/or indoor residual spray interventions. There is a critical need to standardize and share best practices for entomological, anthropological, and product development investigative protocols to meet the challenges of RMT and elimination goals. Methods A systematic review was conducted to describe when and where RMT is occurring, while specifically targeting ownership and usage of ITN/LLINs, indoor residual spray application, insecticide susceptibility of vectors, and human and vector biting behavior, with a focus on nighttime activities. Results Sixty-six publications from 1995 to present met the inclusion criteria for closer review. Associations between local vector control coverage and use with behaviors of human and mosquito vectors varied by locality and circumstance. Consequently, the magnitude of RMT is insufficiently studied and analyzed with sparse estimates of individual exposure in communities, insufficient or incomplete observations of ITN/LLIN use, and the local human population movement into and from high-risk areas. Conclusions This review identified significant gaps or deficiencies that require urgent attention, namely, developing standardized procedures and methods to estimate risk exposure beyond the peridomestic setting, analytical approaches to measure key human-vector interactions, and seasonal location-specific agricultural or forest use calendars, and establishing the collection of longitudinal human and vector data close in time and location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Hii
- Malaria Consortium Asia, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Michael J Bangs
- Public Health and Malaria Control Department, PT Freeport Indonesia, International SOS, Jl. Kertajasa, Kuala Kencana, Papua, Indonesia.,Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasertart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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21
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Shimono T, Kanda S, Lamaningao P, Murakami Y, Darcy AW, Mishima N, Inthavongsack S, Soprasert O, Xaypangna T, Nishiyama T. Phenotypic and haplotypic profiles of insecticide resistance in populations of Aedes aegypti larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) from central Lao PDR. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:32. [PMID: 33883036 PMCID: PMC8061177 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes aegypti, which is widely distributed in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), is the primary vector of arboviral diseases. Chemical insecticides have been intensively used to eliminate mosquito-borne diseases, resulting in the development of insecticide resistance. However, little is known about the insecticide resistance of mosquito populations in Lao PDR and the mechanisms responsible for it, which have important implications for vector management programs. Here, we examined the phenotypic and haplotypic profiles of insecticide resistance in populations of Ae. aegypti larvae from central Lao PDR. Methods Ae. aegypti larvae were collected from four sites in Lao PDR, and their susceptibility to temephos, deltamethrin, permethrin, and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) was tested using larval bioassays. Synergistic tests were also conducted to evaluate the activity of insecticide-metabolizing enzymes in the larvae. Deltamethrin-resistant and Deltamethrin-susceptible larvae were then genotyped for knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations to determine the associations between each genotype and resistance. Results Ae. aegypti larvae from central Lao PDR were considered to be “resistant” (<98% mortality) to organophosphates and pyrethroids. The bio-insecticide Bti remains effective against such larvae. The resistance mechanisms of Ae. aegypti larvae were found to vary among populations, especially for pyrethroid resistance. Kdr mutations were significantly associated with deltamethrin resistance in Ae. aegypti from the Xaythany population. In contrast, synergist assays with piperonyl butoxide suggested that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases played an important role in the resistance seen in the Khounkham and Thakhek populations. Conclusion This study obtained information that will aid the design and implementation of insecticide-based vector management of Ae. aegypti in central Lao PDR. Ae. aegypti larvae from central Lao PDR were highly susceptible to Bti, while they were resistant to temephos at a diagnostic dose of 0.0286 mg/L. Given the limited number of insecticides that are approved for vector control, it is important to alternate between temephos and other larvicides, such as Bti and pyriproxyfen. The differences in pyrethroid resistance mechanisms seen among the Ae. aegypti populations highlight the need to tailor vector-control strategies to each region to increase the success of dengue control in Lao PDR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41182-021-00321-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Shimono
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.,Regenerative Research Center for Intractable Diseases, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Kanda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan. .,Regenerative Research Center for Intractable Diseases, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Pheophet Lamaningao
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.,Regenerative Research Center for Intractable Diseases, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.,Regenerative Research Center for Intractable Diseases, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Andrew Waleluma Darcy
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mishima
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Somchit Inthavongsack
- Station of Malariology, Parasitology, and Entomology, Khammouane Provincial Health Department, Thakhek, Khammouane Province, Lao PDR
| | - Odai Soprasert
- Khammouane Provincial Health Department, Thakhek, Khammouane Province, Lao PDR
| | | | - Toshimasa Nishiyama
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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22
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Li Y, Zhou G, Zhong D, Wang X, Hemming‐Schroeder E, David RE, Lee M, Zhong S, Yi G, Liu Z, Cui G, Yan G. Widespread multiple insecticide resistance in the major dengue vector Aedes albopictus in Hainan Province, China. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1945-1953. [PMID: 33301644 PMCID: PMC7986907 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes albopictus is a highly invasive mosquito and has become a potential vector of dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Insecticide-based mosquito interventions are the main tools for vector-borne disease control. However, mosquito resistance to insecticides is a major threat to effective prevention and control. Five Ae. albopictus populations across Hainan Province, China were investigated for susceptibility to multiple insecticide and resistance mechanisms. RESULTS Larval bioassays indicated that resistance to pyrethroids was common in all larval populations. Adult bioassays revealed all populations were either resistant or highly resistant to at least four of the six synthetic insecticides (deltamethrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin, propoxur, malathion, and DDT) tested. Pre-exposure of mosquitoes to the synergistic agent piperonyl butoxide (PBO) increased mosquito mortality by 2.4-43.3% in bioassays to DDT, malathion, and permethrin and rendered mosquito sensitive to deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, and propoxur. The frequency of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations (F1534S and F1534C) ranged from 69.8% to 89.3% and from 38.1% to 87.0% in field-resistant and sensitive populations, respectively. F1534S mutation was significantly associated with pyrethroid resistance. No mutation was detected in the acetylcholinesterase (ace-1) gene in the two examined populations. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of widespread resistance to multiple insecticides in Ae. albopictus in Hainan Province, China. Both kdr mutations and metabolic detoxification were potential causes of insecticide resistance for Ae. albopictus. Our findings highlight the need for insecticide resistance management and mosquito control measures that do not entirely depend on synthetic insecticides. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiji Li
- Department of Pathogen BiologyHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
- Program in Public HealthSchool of Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public HealthSchool of Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public HealthSchool of Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Program in Public HealthSchool of Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | | | - Randy E David
- Program in Public HealthSchool of Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Ming‐Chieh Lee
- Program in Public HealthSchool of Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Saifeng Zhong
- Department of Pathogen BiologyHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Guohui Yi
- Public Research LaboratoryHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Zhuanzhuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and ImmunologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Guzhen Cui
- Key Laboratory for Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of EducationSchool of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public HealthSchool of Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
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23
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Dehghankar M, Maleki-Ravasan N, Tahghighi A, Karimian F, Karami M. Bioactivities of rose-scented geranium nanoemulsions against the larvae of Anopheles stephensi and their gut bacteria. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246470. [PMID: 33556110 PMCID: PMC7870081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anopheles stephensi with three different biotypes is a major vector of malaria in Asia. It breeds in a wide range of habitats. Therefore, safer and more sustainable methods are needed to control its immature stages rather than chemical pesticides. The larvicidal and antibacterial properties of the Pelargonium roseum essential oil (PREO) formulations were investigated against mysorensis and intermediate forms of An. stephensi in laboratory conditions. A series of nanoemulsions containing different amounts of PREO, equivalent to the calculated LC50 values for each An. stephensi form, and various quantities of surfactants and co-surfactants were developed. The physical and morphological properties of the most lethal formulations were also determined. PREO and its major components, i.e. citronellol (21.34%), L-menthone (6.41%), linalool (4.214%), and geraniol (2.19%), showed potent larvicidal activity against the studied mosquitoes. The LC50/90 values for mysorensis and intermediate forms were computed as 11.44/42.42 ppm and 12.55/47.69 ppm, respectively. The F48/F44 nanoformulations with 94% and 88% lethality for the mysorensis and intermediate forms were designated as optimized formulations. The droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta-potential for F48/F44 were determined as 172.8/90.95 nm, 0.123/0.183, and -1.08/-2.08 mV, respectively. These results were also confirmed by TEM analysis. Prepared formulations displayed antibacterial activity against larval gut bacteria in the following order of decreasing inhibitory: LC90, optimized nanoemulsions, and LC50. PREO-based formulations were more effective against mysorensis than intermediate. Compared to the crude PREO, the overall larvicidal activity of all nanoformulations boosted by 20% and the optimized formulations by 50%. The sensitivity of insect gut bacteria may be a crucial factor in determining the outcome of the effect of toxins on target insects. The formulations designed in the present study may be a good option as a potent and selective larvicide for An. stephensi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dehghankar
- Faculty of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naseh Maleki-Ravasan
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (NMR); (AT)
| | - Azar Tahghighi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Clinical Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (NMR); (AT)
| | - Fateh Karimian
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Karami
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Whiteman A, Loaiza JR, Yee DA, Poh KC, Watkins AS, Lucas KJ, Rapp TJ, Kline L, Ahmed A, Chen S, Delmelle E, Oguzie JU. Do socioeconomic factors drive Aedes mosquito vectors and their arboviral diseases? A systematic review of dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika Virus. One Health 2020; 11:100188. [PMID: 33392378 PMCID: PMC7772681 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the threat of arboviral diseases continues to escalate worldwide, the question of, "What types of human communities are at the greatest risk of infection?" persists as a key gap in the existing knowledge of arboviral diseases transmission dynamics. Here, we comprehensively review the existing literature on the socioeconomic drivers of the most common Aedes mosquito-borne diseases and Aedes mosquito presence/abundance. We reviewed a total of 182 studies on dengue viruses (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), yellow fever virus (YFVV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and presence of Aedes mosquito vectors. In general, associations between socioeconomic conditions and both Aedes-borne diseases and Aedes mosquitoes are highly variable and often location-specific. Although 50% to 60% of studies found greater presence or prevalence of disease or vectors in areas with lower socioeconomic status, approximately half of the remaining studies found either positive or null associations. We discuss the possible causes of this lack of conclusiveness as well as the implications it holds for future research and prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Whiteman
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Jose R. Loaiza
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas & Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Edificio 219, Clayton PO 0843–01103, Ciudad del Saber, Panama
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Donald A. Yee
- School of Biological, Environmental, & Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States of America
| | - Karen C. Poh
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Keira J. Lucas
- Collier Mosquito Control District, Naples, FL, United States of America
| | - Tyler J. Rapp
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Lillie Kline
- Woodward Academy, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ayman Ahmed
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, The Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Shi Chen
- Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, United States of America
| | - Eric Delmelle
- Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, United States of America
| | - Judith Uche Oguzie
- College of Natural Sciences Redeemer's University, Ede Osun State, Nigeria
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases Redeemer's University Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
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25
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Yougang AP, Kamgang B, Bahun TAW, Tedjou AN, Nguiffo-Nguete D, Njiokou F, Wondji CS. First detection of F1534C knockdown resistance mutation in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Cameroon. Infect Dis Poverty 2020; 9:152. [PMID: 33138860 PMCID: PMC7607635 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes borne viral diseases, notably dengue, are increasingly reported in Cameroon with Aedes aegypti being a major vector. Data on insecticide resistance of this vector and underlying mechanisms needed for outbreak preparedness remain scarce in Cameroon. Here, we present the nationwide distribution of insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti and investigate the potential resistance mechanisms involved. Methods Immature stages of Ae. aegypti were collected between March and July 2017 in 13 locations across Cameroon and reared until G1/G2/G3 generation. Larval, adult bioassays, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergist assays were carried out according to World Health Organization guidelines. F1534C mutation was genotyped using allele specific polymerase chain reaction in field collected adults (Go) and the polymorphism of the sodium channel gene was assessed. The χ2 test was used to compare the mortality rate between bioassays with insecticides only and bioassays after preexposure to PBO synergist. Results Larval bioassay revealed that all the three populations tested with temephos were susceptible. Adult bioassays showed a good level of susceptibility toward both pyrethroids tested, 0.25% permethrin and 0.05% deltamethrin, with six out of 10 populations susceptible. However, two populations (Douala and Edéa) were resistant (deltamethrin [73.2–92.5% mortality], permethrin [2.6–76.3% mortality]). The resistance to 4% dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane was observed in four out of 10 populations tested (16.8–87.1% mortality). Resistance was also reported to carbamates including 0.1% propoxur (60.8–87.1% mortality) and to 0.1% bendiocarb (82.9% mortality). All populations tested were fully susceptible to 1% fenitrothion. A partial recovery of susceptibility was observed in the pyrethroid resistant population of Douala after pre-exposed to PBO suggesting the implication of cytochrome P450 monoxygenases permethrin resistance. Genotyping and sequencing detected the F1534C kdr mutation in the two pyrethroid resistant locations of Edéa and Douala, with allelic frequency of 3.3% and 33.3% respectively. However, the high genetic diversity of the sodium channel gene supports the recent introduction of this mutation in Cameroon. Conclusions This study revealed the contrasting resistance profiles to insecticides of Ae. aegypti populations in Cameroon suggesting that, instead of a unique nationwide control approach, a regionally adapted strategy will be needed to control this vector. The localised distribution of the F1534C kdr mutation supports this region-specific control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie P Yougang
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Parasitology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Basile Kamgang
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Theodel A Wilson Bahun
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Vertebrate and Invertebrate Bioecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien-Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Armel N Tedjou
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Parasitology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Daniel Nguiffo-Nguete
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 96, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Flobert Njiokou
- Parasitology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Charles S Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
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26
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Rumbos CI, Athanassiou CG. Assessment of selected larvicides for the control of Culex pipiens biotype pipiens and Culex pipiens biotype molestus under laboratory and semi-field conditions. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3568-3576. [PMID: 32533802 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insecticidal efficacy of selected mosquito larvicides [teflubenzuron, S-methoprene, diflubenzuron, temephos, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)], applied alone or in combination, against two Culex pipiens biotypes, Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. molestus, was compared under laboratory and semi-field conditions. Registered larvicides were evaluated at the label dose, whereas those not registered for mosquito control were tested at the label dose per area, i.e. as plant protection products. Teflubenzuron and temephos were also evaluated at half the label dose, alone or in combination with a non-ionic surfactant. Larval mortality and adult emergence were assessed after 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 16 and 20 days of exposure. RESULTS In all cases, PDMS showed complete (100%) larval control after 3 days of exposure against both biotypes. With temephos, all larvae were dead after 1 day of exposure, even at half the label dose. For teflubenzuron, mortality reached 100% at the end of the bioassays and adult emergence was avoided completely, whereas for diflubenzuron, mortality was close to 100% at the end of the trials. By contrast, in S-methoprene-treated water, control was below the 90% mortality threshold for both biotypes. In semi-field trails, in all treatments with Bti, all larvae of both biotypes were dead after 1 day of exposure. CONCLUSIONS Based on our data, and with the exception of S-methoprene, the larvicides tested remained below the threshold for effective treatment against larvae of Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. molestus for the entire duration of the study. Most of the larvicides tested showed high levels of efficacy against Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. molestus larvae in laboratory and semi-field bioassays. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos I Rumbos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Christos G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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27
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Chaiphongpachara T, Laojun S. Comparative efficacy of commercial ylang-ylang ( Cananga odorata) essential oils from India and Thailand against larval Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7:391-396. [PMID: 33005663 PMCID: PMC7521804 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2020.g433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the comparative larvicidal efficacy of commercial ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) essential oils from India and Thailand against the Aedes aegypti mosquito to be used as a guideline for Aedes mosquito control. Materials and Methods: The bioassay for the larvicidal activity of commercial ylang-ylang essential oils in this experiment was modified from the World Health Organization standard protocols. The concentration ranges at 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100, 0.125, and 0.150 ppm in each treatment were used for testing, and four replicates were used per concentration. The larval mortality was observed and recorded 24- and 48-h after exposure. Results: The results of this study clearly revealed that commercial ylang-ylang essential oils from India and Thailand were highly toxic to the larvae of the dengue vector Ae. aegypti, and Indian ylang-ylang had an LC50 value of 0.064 ppm, whereas Thai ylang-ylang had an LC50 value of 0.042 ppm after 24-h exposure. Conclusion: This study revealed the efficacy of commercial Indian and Thai ylang-ylang essential oils as natural vector control for the larval stage of the dengue vector Ae. aegypti. Usually, natural larvicide products are not commonly found in the market due to complex production processes. The results of this research support the use of commercial essential oils to aid in further control of Aedes mosquito larvae populations in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sedthapong Laojun
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
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28
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Leandro ADS, Rios JA, Britto ADS, Galvão SR, Lopes RD, Rivas AV, Martins CA, da Silva I, Delai RM, Gonçalves DD, da Silva MAN, Palacio-Cortès AM, Schuartz V, Sibim AC, de Castro WAC. Malathion insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti: laboratory conditions and in situ experimental approach through adult entomological surveillance. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 25:1271-1282. [PMID: 32746492 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Brazil, the most common method of controlling outbreaks of arbovirus is by the use of chemical sprays, which kill the insect vector, Aedes aegypti. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of Ae. aegypti to the insecticide, malathion, in situ. The location of this study was the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. METHODS Ultra-low-volume (ULV) fogging equipment was used, by vehicle, to apply the insecticide in situ, and mosquito populations after treatment were compared with those of control areas. The resistance of strains collected from the municipality was compared to the Rockefeller strain under laboratory conditions. RESULTS We found 220 adult female specimens and 7423 eggs of Ae. aegypti in the areas subjected to UBV treatment, whereas 245 adult females and 10 557 eggs were found in the control areas. The UBV treatment area showed no significant difference compared to the control area, for all the indices. Mortality of the Rockefeller colony varied more quickly when there were slight variations in malathion concentration than the Foz do Iguaçu population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Avemir Rios
- Zoonoses Surveillance Unit, Municipal Secretary of Health, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renata Defante Lopes
- Zoonoses Surveillance Unit, Municipal Secretary of Health, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Açucena Veleh Rivas
- Latin-American Institute of Life Sciences and Nature, Federal University of Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil.,One Health Laboratory at the Three-Border Tropical Medicine Center, Itaiguapy Foundation - Institute of Teaching and Research, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | | | - Isaac da Silva
- Zoonoses Surveillance Unit, Municipal Secretary of Health, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Robson Michael Delai
- One Health Laboratory at the Three-Border Tropical Medicine Center, Itaiguapy Foundation - Institute of Teaching and Research, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dib Gonçalves
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Angela Maria Palacio-Cortès
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physiology of Culicidae and Chironomidae, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Valéria Schuartz
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physiology of Culicidae and Chironomidae, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Cristiane Sibim
- Latin-American Institute of Technology, Infrastructure and Territory, Federal University of Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Wagner Antonio Chiba de Castro
- Latin-American Institute of Life Sciences and Nature, Federal University of Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
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Saeung M, Ngoen-Klan R, Thanispong K, Muenworn V, Bangs MJ, Chareonviriyaphap T. Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) to Temephos in Thailand and Surrounding Countries. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1207-1220. [PMID: 32159772 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aedes-borne virus disease control relies on insecticides to interrupt transmission. Temephos remains a key chemical for control of immature stage Aedes in Thailand and much of Southeast Asia. However, repeated use of insecticides may result in selection for resistance in vector populations, thus compromising operational intervention. Herein, the phenotypic response to temephos by Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) collected in Thailand and surrounding countries is presented. Data from 345 collection sites are included: 283 from literature review (244 sites with Ae. aegypti, 21 with Ae. albopictus, and 18 having both species sampled), plus 62 locations with Ae. aegypti in Thailand conducted between 2014 and 2018. Susceptibility assays followed WHO guidelines using the recommended discriminating dose of temephos (0.012 mg/liter) against late third to early fourth instar Ae. aegypti. Findings revealed 34 locations with susceptible Ae. aegypti, 13 with suspected resistance, and 15 indicating resistance. Published data between 1999 and 2019 in Thailand found Ae. aegypti resistant in 73 of 206 collection sites, whereas 3 locations from 11 sampled with low-level resistant in Ae. albopictus. From surrounding countries conducting temephos assays (Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Malaysia, and Singapore), resistance is present in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from 27 of 56 and 19 of 28 locations, respectively. Routine insecticide susceptibility monitoring should be an operational requirement in vector control programs. Given the wide distribution and apparent increase in temephos-resistance, alternative larvicidal compounds must be considered if chemical control is to remain a viable vector control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manop Saeung
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ratchadawan Ngoen-Klan
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanutcharee Thanispong
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Vithee Muenworn
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Michael J Bangs
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Public Health & Malaria Control Department, PT Freeport Indonesia/International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua, Indonesia
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Christofferson RC, Parker DM, Overgaard HJ, Hii J, Devine G, Wilcox BA, Nam VS, Abubakar S, Boyer S, Boonnak K, Whitehead SS, Huy R, Rithea L, Sochantha T, Wellems TE, Valenzuela JG, Manning JE. Current vector research challenges in the greater Mekong subregion for dengue, Malaria, and Other Vector-Borne Diseases: A report from a multisectoral workshop March 2019. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008302. [PMID: 32730249 PMCID: PMC7392215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C. Christofferson
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. Parker
- University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Gregor Devine
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bruce A. Wilcox
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Vu Sinh Nam
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sazaly Abubakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Kobporn Boonnak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stephen S. Whitehead
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rekol Huy
- National Center for Parasitology Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Leang Rithea
- National Center for Parasitology Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Tho Sochantha
- National Center for Parasitology Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Thomas E. Wellems
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jesus G. Valenzuela
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jessica E. Manning
- US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Marcombe S, Thammavong P, Luangamath P, Chonephetsarath S, Phommavanh N, Lakeomany K, Nilaxay S, Rahmani Z, Saverton PJ, Abdullateef OH, Forward J, Jacob AE, Khadam S, Ali W, Boer C, Kakinuma H, Hawkins J, Longstreeth R, Portwood NM, Smee M, Brown N, Kuyucu NC, Lechmere S, Stieger G, Maithaviphet S, Nambanya S, Brey PT, Jones AK. Malaria and Dengue Mosquito Vectors from Lao PDR Show a Lack of the rdl Mutant Allele Responsible for Cyclodiene Insecticide Resistance. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:815-823. [PMID: 31807752 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, RDL, plays important roles in neuronal signaling and is the target of highly effective insecticides. A mutation in RDL, commonly A296S, underlies resistance to several insecticides such as cyclodienes. Even though the use of cyclodienes has been banned, the occurrence of mutations substituting A296 is notably high in mosquitoes from several countries. Here, we report a survey investigating the prevalence of the Rdl mutant allele in mosquitoes from Laos, a country where mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever are health concerns. Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes were collected from 12 provinces in Laos. Adult bioassays on Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) showed that all the populations tested were susceptible to dieldrin (4%) following WHO protocols. Exon 7 from a total of 791 mosquitoes was sequenced to identify the amino acid encoded for at 296 of RDL. Only one of these mosquitoes, Anopheles maculatus rampae Harbach and Somboon (Diptera: Culicidae) from Attapeu, carried the mutant allele being heterozygous for A296S. We therefore found a general lack of the Rdl mutant allele indicating that mosquitoes from Laos are not exposed to insecticides that act on the GABA receptor compared to mosquitoes in several other countries. Identifying the prevalence of the Rdl mutation may help inform the potential use of alternative insecticides that act on the GABA receptor should there be a need to replace pyrethroids in order to prevent/manage resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Marcombe
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Phoutmany Thammavong
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Phonesavanh Luangamath
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | | | - Nothasin Phommavanh
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Khaitong Lakeomany
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Somphat Nilaxay
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Zuhal Rahmani
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Penelope J Saverton
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Omobolanle H Abdullateef
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Jordan Forward
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna E Jacob
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Safina Khadam
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Wlaa Ali
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Chloé Boer
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Hayato Kakinuma
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Joseph Hawkins
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosie Longstreeth
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalie M Portwood
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Madeleine Smee
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Natasha Brown
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Nursu C Kuyucu
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Susannah Lechmere
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Gabriela Stieger
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Santi Maithaviphet
- Center for Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Simone Nambanya
- Center for Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Paul T Brey
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Andrew K Jones
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Wang WH, Urbina AN, Chang MR, Assavalapsakul W, Lu PL, Chen YH, Wang SF. Dengue hemorrhagic fever - A systemic literature review of current perspectives on pathogenesis, prevention and control. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 53:963-978. [PMID: 32265181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is an arboviral disease caused by dengue virus. Symptomatic dengue infection causes a wide range of clinical manifestations, from mild dengue fever (DF) to potentially fatal disease, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). We conducted a literature review to analyze the risks of DHF and current perspectives for DHF prevention and control. METHODS According to the PRISMA guidelines, the references were selected from PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar database using search strings containing a combination of terms that included dengue hemorrhagic fever, pathogenesis, prevention and control. Quality of references were evaluated by independent reviewers. RESULTS DHF was first reported in the Philippines in 1953 and further transmitted to the countries in the region of South-East Asia and Western Pacific. Plasma leakages is the main pathophysiological hallmark that distinguishes DHF from DF. Severe plasma leakage can result in hypovolemic shock. Various factors are thought to impact disease presentation and severity. Virus virulence, preexisting dengue antibodies, immune dysregulation, lipid change and host genetic susceptibility are factors reported to be correlated with the development of DHF. However, the exact reasons and mechanisms that triggers DHF remains controversial. Currently, no specific drugs and licensed vaccines are available to treat dengue disease in any of its clinical presentations. CONCLUSION This study concludes that antibody-dependent enhancement, cytokine dysregulation and variation of lipid profiles are correlated with DHF occurrence. Prompt diagnosis, appropriate treatment, active and continuous surveillance of cases and vectors are the essential determinants for dengue prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hung Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Aspiro Nayim Urbina
- Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Max R Chang
- Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Marcombe S, Fustec B, Cattel J, Chonephetsarath S, Thammavong P, Phommavanh N, David JP, Corbel V, Sutherland IW, Hertz JC, Brey PT. Distribution of insecticide resistance and mechanisms involved in the arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti in Laos and implication for vector control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007852. [PMID: 31830027 PMCID: PMC6932826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti is the major vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses. Worldwide vector control is largely based on insecticide treatments but, unfortunately, vector control programs are facing operational challenges due to mosquitoes becoming resistant to commonly used insecticides. In Southeast Asia, resistance of Ae. aegypti to chemical insecticides has been documented in several countries but no data regarding insecticide resistance has been reported in Laos. To fill this gap, we assessed the insecticide resistance of 11 Ae. aegypti populations to larvicides and adulticides used in public health operations in the country. We also investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with resistance, including target site mutations and detoxification enzymes putatively involved in metabolic resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS Bioassays on adults and larvae collected in five provinces revealed various levels of resistance to organophosphates (malathion and temephos), organochlorine (DDT) and pyrethroids (permethrin and deltamethrin). Synergist bioassays showed a significant increased susceptibility of mosquitoes to insecticides after exposure to detoxification enzyme inhibitors. Biochemical assays confirmed these results by showing significant elevated activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and carboxylesterases (CCE) in adults. Two kdr mutations, V1016G and F1534C, were detected by qPCR at low and high frequency, respectively, in all populations tested. A significant negative association between the two kdr mutations was detected. No significant association between kdr mutations frequency (for both 1534C and 1016G) and survival rate to DDT or permethrin (P > 0.05) was detected. Gene Copy Number Variations (CNV) were detected for particular detoxification enzymes. At the population level, the presence of CNV affecting the carboxylesterase CCEAE3A and the two cytochrome P450 CYP6BB2 and CYP6P12 were significantly correlated to insecticide resistance. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that both kdr mutations and metabolic resistance mechanisms are present in Laos but their impact on phenotypic resistance may differ in proportion at the population or individual level. Molecular analyses suggest that CNV affecting CCEAE3A previously associated with temephos resistance is also associated with malathion resistance while CNV affecting CYP6BB2 and CYP6P12 are associated with pyrethroid and possibly DDT resistance. The presence of high levels of insecticide resistance in the main arbovirus vector in Laos is worrying and may have important implications for dengue vector control in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Marcombe
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Bénédicte Fustec
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Cattel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Phoutmany Thammavong
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Nothasin Phommavanh
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Jean-Philippe David
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Corbel
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Paul T. Brey
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
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Yadav K, Dhiman S, Acharya BN, Ghorpade RR, Sukumaran D. Pyriproxyfen treated surface exposure exhibits reproductive disruption in dengue vector Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007842. [PMID: 31738760 PMCID: PMC6886876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced susceptibility of mosquito vectors to currently used insecticides hampers control interventions. Recently pyriproxyfen, an insect growth regulator has been demonstrated to effectively reduce the reproductive potential in vector mosquitoes. Methods Pyriproxyfen (PPF), in different concentrations (0.75%, 0.075%, 0.0075%, and 0.00075%) was applied on papers and Indian wild type Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes (N ≥ 20 for each treatment) were exposed onto it as per WHO guidelines, to study the reproductive disruption. PPF concentration on treated papers was quantitatively cross-determined using HPLC method. Reduction in fecundity, fertility and adult emergence in exposed female Ae. aegypti was determined. Abnormal development in ovary and eggs of exposed females was studied microscopically after different time intervals. Results Eggs laid, eggs hatched, pupae formed and adults emerged per female exposed in both before blood meal and after blood meal groups declined significantly from lowest to highest concentration of PPF (F ≥ 5.2; p < 0.02). Adult emergence inhibition in females exposed to PPF before and after blood meal groups ranged from 58.8% [OR = 0.18 (95% CI = 0.09–0.36)] to 79.2% [OR = 0.04 (95% CI = 0.02–0.10)] and 64.4% [OR = 0.12 (95% CI = 0.05–0.28)] to 77.1% [OR = 0.05 (95% CI = 0.02–0.14)] respectively in different concentrations. The probit model used suggested that FI50 (50% fertility inhibition) and EI50 (50% emergence inhibition) were 0.002% (p = 0.82) and 0.0001% (p = 0.99) for females exposed before blood meal, while 0.01% (p = 0.63) and <0.0001% (p = 0.98) for the females exposed after blood meal, respectively. The eggs laid by the females exposed to PPF-treated surface showed altered body organization, desegmentation and disoriented abdominal and cervical regions in the developing embryo. Quantification of PPF on impregnated papers showed that it was uniformly distributed throughout the matrix. Conclusions The present study has shown that tarsal contact to PPF-treated surface for a small time drastically influenced the fecundity, fertility and adult emergence in Indian wild Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Results suggest that a certain minimum concentration of PPF through contact exposure can reduce the abundance of vector mosquitoes to a considerable level. The formulations based on combination of PPF and other compatible insecticides may be an impactful approach where susceptible mosquitoes are killed by the insecticide component while resistant mosquitoes are sterilised by PPF. Development of resistance against insecticides has challenged mosquito control programmes globally and prompted the research of alternative options that can complement insecticides. An insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen (PPF) usage against mosquitoes can effectively reduce the vector population. PPF mainly inhibits the metamorphosis of mosquito larvae into pupae and prevent the adult emergence, therefore it is generally applied in mosquito breeding habitats. PPF has been shown to exhibit delayed residual effect that may impair the reproductive capacity by affecting the survival, fecundity and fertility of adult mosquito exposed through tarsal contact. Presently, the effectiveness of different concentrations of PPF intended to be delivered through contact have been evaluated against dengue vector Ae. aegypti. Results suggested that very low PPF concentration treated surfaces drastically reduce the fecundity, fertility and adult emergence in mosquitoes. Study suggests that control interventions based on PPF-treated surfaces could provide an additional route to target mosquito vector control by overall population density reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Yadav
- Vector Management Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Sunil Dhiman
- Vector Management Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - BN Acharya
- Synthetic Chemistry Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rama Rao Ghorpade
- Synthetic Chemistry Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Devanathan Sukumaran
- Vector Management Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Wasinpiyamongkol L, Kanchanaphum P. Isolating and identifying fungi to determine whether their biological properties have the potential to control the population density of mosquitoes. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02331. [PMID: 31508522 PMCID: PMC6726841 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes transmit diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever to humans. Biological control methods are required for these insects because they can be environmentally friendlier, safer, and more cost-effective than chemical or physical methods currently available. The aim of this research is to identify fungi found in mosquito breeding containers that have the potential to control the population density of mosquitoes. For the identification, water samples were taken from mosquito breeding containers situated in seven districts of Bangkok to obtain pure cultures. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from the cultures then sent for sequencing and analyzing. The results show that fourteen strains of fungi were isolated. The most common strain found was Aspergillus spp., which was present in 31 of the 78 fungi samples. The strains Metarhizium anisopliae and Penicilium citrinum were found to be interesting because they may have the potential to act as entomopathogenic fungi. The biological properties of these strains should be further investigated because they could help in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panan Kanchanaphum
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Lima Santos L, Barreto Brandão L, Lopes Martins R, de Menezes Rabelo E, Lobato Rodrigues AB, da Conceição Vieira Araújo CM, Fernandes Sobral T, Ribeiro Galardo AK, Moreira da Silva de Ameida SS. Evaluation of the Larvicidal Potential of the Essential Oil Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth in the Control of Aedes aegypti. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020053. [PMID: 30965561 PMCID: PMC6630315 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to collect information on the chemical constituents that demonstrate the larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, as well as the antioxidant, microbiological, and cytotoxicity potential of the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin leaves. The chemical characterization was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The larvicidal activity was performed according to the protocol of the World Health Organization. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through the sequestering capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazine (DPPH). As for the microbiological evaluation, the microdilution technique was used, according to the protocol of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated against the larvae of Artemia salina. The species P. cablin presented the following compounds: Patchouli alcohol (33.25%), Seyshellene (6.12%), α-bulnesene (4.11%), Pogostol (6.33%), and Norpatchoulenol (5.72%), which was in synergy with the other substances may significantly potentiate the larvicidal action of the species with the LC50 of 28.43 μg·mL-1. There was no antioxidant activity, however, it presented antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 62.5 μg·mL-1. The species demonstrated significant toxic action with LC50 of 24.25 μg·mL-1. Therefore, the P. cablin species showed significant larvicidal potential, antimicrobial activity, the absence of antioxidant action, and high toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizandra Lima Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Federal University of Amapa, Highway Jucelino Kubistichek, Km 02, 68.902-280 Macapa, Brazil; (L.B.B.).
| | - Lethicia Barreto Brandão
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Federal University of Amapa, Highway Jucelino Kubistichek, Km 02, 68.902-280 Macapa, Brazil; (L.B.B.).
| | - Rosany Lopes Martins
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Federal University of Amapa, Highway Jucelino Kubistichek, Km 02, 68.902-280 Macapa, Brazil; (L.B.B.).
| | - Erica de Menezes Rabelo
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Federal University of Amapa, Highway Jucelino Kubistichek, Km 02, 68.902-280 Macapa, Brazil; (L.B.B.).
| | - Alex Bruno Lobato Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Federal University of Amapa, Highway Jucelino Kubistichek, Km 02, 68.902-280 Macapa, Brazil; (L.B.B.).
| | - Camila Mendes da Conceição Vieira Araújo
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology of the Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapa, Highway Jucelino Kubistichek, Km 10, 68.903-419 Macapa, Brazil.
| | - Talita Fernandes Sobral
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology of the Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapa, Highway Jucelino Kubistichek, Km 10, 68.903-419 Macapa, Brazil.
| | - Allan Kardec Ribeiro Galardo
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology of the Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapa, Highway Jucelino Kubistichek, Km 10, 68.903-419 Macapa, Brazil.
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Fernandes KM, Tomé HVV, Miranda FR, Gonçalves WG, Pascini TV, Serrão JE, Martins GF. Aedes aegypti larvae treated with spinosad produce adults with damaged midgut and reduced fecundity. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:464-470. [PMID: 30654260 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the main vector of Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever viruses, which are responsible for high human morbidity and mortality. The fight against these pathogens is mainly based on the control of the insect vector with the use of insecticides. Among insecticides, spinosad bioinsecticide is efficient against A. aegypti larvae and may be an alternative for vector control. Here, we investigate the sublethal effects of spinosad during midgut metamorphosis of A. aegypti females and its cumulative effects on blood acquisition capacity and fecundity in adults. We studied the midgut because it is an important model organ directly related to blood acquisition and digestion. Treatment of larvae with spinosad induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and damage to the midgut cells at all stages of development and in adults. There was a reduction in the number of proliferating cells and the number of enteroendocrine cells in treated individuals. In addition, damage caused by spinosad led to a reduction in oviposition and egg viability of A. aegypti females. Finally, the exposure of mosquito larvae to sublethal concentrations of spinosad interfered with the development of the midgut, arresting the blood digestion and reproduction of adult females with blood digestion and reproduction difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenner Morais Fernandes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Franciane Rosa Miranda
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Tales Vicari Pascini
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
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